[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163455},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method":3,"nav-reference":1622},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1615,"extension":1616,"meta":1617,"navigation":434,"path":1618,"seo":1619,"stem":1620,"__hash__":1621},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1586},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,34,149,155,162,168,187,190,245,248,257,266,274,278,284,305,308,337,342,371,373,529,533,538,546,549,551,635,637,645,649,655,666,677,681,687,689,750,757,760,867,869,885,892,901,908,911,913,1030,1034,1051,1053,1117,1119,1128,1146,1150,1156,1188,1191,1280,1283,1296,1300,1305,1334,1338,1341,1426,1435,1438,1494,1498,1505,1508,1512,1516,1520,1525,1529,1537,1548,1551,1555,1582],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-tuple-index-method","Python Tuple ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"index()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"tuple.index()"," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,27,28],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[30,31,33],"h2",{"id":32},"quick-example","Quick example",[35,36,41],"pre",{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n","python","",[15,42,43,101,130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45,48,52,56,60,64,68,70,73,76,79,81,83,85,88,90,92,94,96,98],"span",{"class":46,"line":47},"line",1,[44,49,51],{"class":50},"su5hD","colors ",[44,53,55],{"class":54},"smGrS","=",[44,57,59],{"class":58},"sP7_E"," (",[44,61,63],{"class":62},"sjJ54","\"",[44,65,67],{"class":66},"s_sjI","red",[44,69,63],{"class":62},[44,71,72],{"class":58},",",[44,74,75],{"class":62}," \"",[44,77,78],{"class":66},"blue",[44,80,63],{"class":62},[44,82,72],{"class":58},[44,84,75],{"class":62},[44,86,87],{"class":66},"green",[44,89,63],{"class":62},[44,91,72],{"class":58},[44,93,75],{"class":62},[44,95,78],{"class":66},[44,97,63],{"class":62},[44,99,100],{"class":58},")\n",[44,102,104,107,109,112,115,119,122,124,126,128],{"class":46,"line":103},2,[44,105,106],{"class":50},"position ",[44,108,55],{"class":54},[44,110,111],{"class":50}," colors",[44,113,114],{"class":58},".",[44,116,118],{"class":117},"slqww","index",[44,120,121],{"class":58},"(",[44,123,63],{"class":62},[44,125,78],{"class":66},[44,127,63],{"class":62},[44,129,100],{"class":58},[44,131,133,137,139,142,145],{"class":46,"line":132},3,[44,134,136],{"class":135},"sptTA","print",[44,138,121],{"class":58},[44,140,141],{"class":117},"position",[44,143,144],{"class":58},")",[44,146,148],{"class":147},"sutJx","  # 1\n",[20,150,151,154],{},[15,152,153],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[30,156,158,159,161],{"id":157},"what-tupleindex-does","What ",[15,160,24],{}," does",[20,163,164,165,167],{},"The ",[15,166,17],{}," method:",[169,170,171,175,178,181],"ul",{},[172,173,174],"li",{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[172,176,177],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[172,179,180],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[172,182,183,184],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,185,186],{},"0",[20,188,189],{},"Example:",[35,191,193],{"className":37,"code":192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,194,195,224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,196,197,200,202,204,208,210,213,215,218,220,222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,198,199],{"class":50},"numbers ",[44,201,55],{"class":54},[44,203,59],{"class":58},[44,205,207],{"class":206},"srdBf","10",[44,209,72],{"class":58},[44,211,212],{"class":206}," 20",[44,214,72],{"class":58},[44,216,217],{"class":206}," 30",[44,219,72],{"class":58},[44,221,212],{"class":206},[44,223,100],{"class":58},[44,225,226,228,230,233,235,237,239,242],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,227,136],{"class":135},[44,229,121],{"class":58},[44,231,232],{"class":117},"numbers",[44,234,114],{"class":58},[44,236,118],{"class":117},[44,238,121],{"class":58},[44,240,241],{"class":206},"20",[44,243,244],{"class":58},"))\n",[20,246,247],{},"Output:",[35,249,251],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n",[15,252,253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,254,255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,256,250],{"class":206},[20,258,259,260,262,263,265],{},"Even though ",[15,261,241],{}," appears twice, ",[15,264,17],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,267,268,269,114],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[270,271,273],"a",{"href":272},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[30,275,277],{"id":276},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,279,280,281,283],{},"You can use ",[15,282,17],{}," in two ways:",[35,285,287],{"className":37,"code":286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,288,289],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,290,291,294,296,298,300,303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,292,293],{"class":50},"tuple_name",[44,295,114],{"class":58},[44,297,118],{"class":117},[44,299,121],{"class":58},[44,301,302],{"class":117},"value",[44,304,100],{"class":58},[20,306,307],{},"or:",[35,309,311],{"className":37,"code":310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,312,313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,314,315,317,319,321,323,325,327,330,332,335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,316,293],{"class":50},[44,318,114],{"class":58},[44,320,118],{"class":117},[44,322,121],{"class":58},[44,324,302],{"class":117},[44,326,72],{"class":58},[44,328,329],{"class":117}," start",[44,331,72],{"class":58},[44,333,334],{"class":117}," end",[44,336,100],{"class":58},[338,339,341],"h3",{"id":340},"parameters","Parameters",[169,343,344,349,355,361],{},[172,345,346,348],{},[15,347,302],{}," — the item to search for",[172,350,351,354],{},[15,352,353],{},"start"," — optional starting position",[172,356,357,360],{},[15,358,359],{},"end"," — optional ending position",[172,362,363,365,366,370],{},[15,364,359],{}," is ",[367,368,369],"strong",{},"not included"," in the search",[20,372,189],{},[35,374,376],{"className":37,"code":375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,377,378,430,436,463,494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,379,380,383,385,387,389,391,393,395,397,400,402,404,406,409,411,413,415,417,419,421,423,426,428],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,381,382],{"class":50},"letters ",[44,384,55],{"class":54},[44,386,59],{"class":58},[44,388,63],{"class":62},[44,390,270],{"class":66},[44,392,63],{"class":62},[44,394,72],{"class":58},[44,396,75],{"class":62},[44,398,399],{"class":66},"b",[44,401,63],{"class":62},[44,403,72],{"class":58},[44,405,75],{"class":62},[44,407,408],{"class":66},"c",[44,410,63],{"class":62},[44,412,72],{"class":58},[44,414,75],{"class":62},[44,416,399],{"class":66},[44,418,63],{"class":62},[44,420,72],{"class":58},[44,422,75],{"class":62},[44,424,425],{"class":66},"d",[44,427,63],{"class":62},[44,429,100],{"class":58},[44,431,432],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,433,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},true,"\n",[44,437,438,440,442,445,447,449,451,453,455,457,460],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,439,136],{"class":135},[44,441,121],{"class":58},[44,443,444],{"class":117},"letters",[44,446,114],{"class":58},[44,448,118],{"class":117},[44,450,121],{"class":58},[44,452,63],{"class":62},[44,454,399],{"class":66},[44,456,63],{"class":62},[44,458,459],{"class":58},"))",[44,461,462],{"class":147},"        # 1\n",[44,464,466,468,470,472,474,476,478,480,482,484,486,489,491],{"class":46,"line":465},4,[44,467,136],{"class":135},[44,469,121],{"class":58},[44,471,444],{"class":117},[44,473,114],{"class":58},[44,475,118],{"class":117},[44,477,121],{"class":58},[44,479,63],{"class":62},[44,481,399],{"class":66},[44,483,63],{"class":62},[44,485,72],{"class":58},[44,487,488],{"class":206}," 2",[44,490,459],{"class":58},[44,492,493],{"class":147},"     # 3\n",[44,495,497,499,501,503,505,507,509,511,513,515,517,520,522,525,527],{"class":46,"line":496},5,[44,498,136],{"class":135},[44,500,121],{"class":58},[44,502,444],{"class":117},[44,504,114],{"class":58},[44,506,118],{"class":117},[44,508,121],{"class":58},[44,510,63],{"class":62},[44,512,399],{"class":66},[44,514,63],{"class":62},[44,516,72],{"class":58},[44,518,519],{"class":206}," 1",[44,521,72],{"class":58},[44,523,524],{"class":206}," 3",[44,526,459],{"class":58},[44,528,148],{"class":147},[30,530,532],{"id":531},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,534,535,537],{},[15,536,24],{}," returns:",[169,539,540,543],{},[172,541,542],{},"An integer",[172,544,545],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,547,548],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,550,189],{},[35,552,554],{"className":37,"code":553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,555,556,600,624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,557,558,561,563,565,567,570,572,574,576,579,581,583,585,588,590,592,594,596,598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,559,560],{"class":50},"animals ",[44,562,55],{"class":54},[44,564,59],{"class":58},[44,566,63],{"class":62},[44,568,569],{"class":66},"cat",[44,571,63],{"class":62},[44,573,72],{"class":58},[44,575,75],{"class":62},[44,577,578],{"class":66},"dog",[44,580,63],{"class":62},[44,582,72],{"class":58},[44,584,75],{"class":62},[44,586,587],{"class":66},"bird",[44,589,63],{"class":62},[44,591,72],{"class":58},[44,593,75],{"class":62},[44,595,578],{"class":66},[44,597,63],{"class":62},[44,599,100],{"class":58},[44,601,602,605,607,610,612,614,616,618,620,622],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,603,604],{"class":50},"result ",[44,606,55],{"class":54},[44,608,609],{"class":50}," animals",[44,611,114],{"class":58},[44,613,118],{"class":117},[44,615,121],{"class":58},[44,617,63],{"class":62},[44,619,578],{"class":66},[44,621,63],{"class":62},[44,623,100],{"class":58},[44,625,626,628,630,633],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,627,136],{"class":135},[44,629,121],{"class":58},[44,631,632],{"class":117},"result",[44,634,100],{"class":58},[20,636,247],{},[35,638,639],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,640,641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,642,643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,644,250],{"class":206},[30,646,648],{"id":647},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,650,651,652,654],{},"Use ",[15,653,24],{}," when:",[169,656,657,660,663],{},[172,658,659],{},"You need the position of a known value",[172,661,662],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[172,664,665],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,667,668,669,672,673,114],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,670,671],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[270,674,676],{"href":675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","Python tuple indexing explained",[30,678,680],{"id":679},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,682,683,684,114],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,685,686],{},"ValueError",[20,688,189],{},[35,690,692],{"className":37,"code":691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,693,694,726],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,695,696,698,700,702,704,706,708,710,712,714,716,718,720,722,724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,697,51],{"class":50},[44,699,55],{"class":54},[44,701,59],{"class":58},[44,703,63],{"class":62},[44,705,67],{"class":66},[44,707,63],{"class":62},[44,709,72],{"class":58},[44,711,75],{"class":62},[44,713,78],{"class":66},[44,715,63],{"class":62},[44,717,72],{"class":58},[44,719,75],{"class":62},[44,721,87],{"class":66},[44,723,63],{"class":62},[44,725,100],{"class":58},[44,727,728,730,732,735,737,739,741,743,746,748],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,729,136],{"class":135},[44,731,121],{"class":58},[44,733,734],{"class":117},"colors",[44,736,114],{"class":58},[44,738,118],{"class":117},[44,740,121],{"class":58},[44,742,63],{"class":62},[44,744,745],{"class":66},"yellow",[44,747,63],{"class":62},[44,749,244],{"class":58},[20,751,752,753,756],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,754,755],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the tuple.",[20,758,759],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[35,761,763],{"className":37,"code":762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,764,765,797,801,821,844,851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,766,767,769,771,773,775,777,779,781,783,785,787,789,791,793,795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,768,51],{"class":50},[44,770,55],{"class":54},[44,772,59],{"class":58},[44,774,63],{"class":62},[44,776,67],{"class":66},[44,778,63],{"class":62},[44,780,72],{"class":58},[44,782,75],{"class":62},[44,784,78],{"class":66},[44,786,63],{"class":62},[44,788,72],{"class":58},[44,790,75],{"class":62},[44,792,87],{"class":66},[44,794,63],{"class":62},[44,796,100],{"class":58},[44,798,799],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,800,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,802,803,807,809,811,813,816,818],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,804,806],{"class":805},"sVHd0","if",[44,808,75],{"class":62},[44,810,745],{"class":66},[44,812,63],{"class":62},[44,814,815],{"class":54}," in",[44,817,111],{"class":50},[44,819,820],{"class":58},":\n",[44,822,823,826,828,830,832,834,836,838,840,842],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,824,825],{"class":135},"    print",[44,827,121],{"class":58},[44,829,734],{"class":117},[44,831,114],{"class":58},[44,833,118],{"class":117},[44,835,121],{"class":58},[44,837,63],{"class":62},[44,839,745],{"class":66},[44,841,63],{"class":62},[44,843,244],{"class":58},[44,845,846,849],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,847,848],{"class":805},"else",[44,850,820],{"class":58},[44,852,854,856,858,860,863,865],{"class":46,"line":853},6,[44,855,825],{"class":135},[44,857,121],{"class":58},[44,859,63],{"class":62},[44,861,862],{"class":66},"Value not found",[44,864,63],{"class":62},[44,866,100],{"class":58},[20,868,247],{},[35,870,872],{"className":37,"code":871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Value not found\n",[15,873,874],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,875,876,879,882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,877,878],{"class":50},"Value ",[44,880,881],{"class":54},"not",[44,883,884],{"class":50}," found\n",[20,886,887,888,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[270,889,891],{"href":890},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[30,893,895,896,898,899],{"id":894},"using-start-and-end","Using ",[15,897,353],{}," and ",[15,900,359],{},[20,902,164,903,898,905,907],{},[15,904,353],{},[15,906,359],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,909,910],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,912,189],{},[35,914,916],{"className":37,"code":915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,917,918,950,954,976,1001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,919,920,923,925,927,930,932,935,937,940,942,944,946,948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,921,922],{"class":50},"values ",[44,924,55],{"class":54},[44,926,59],{"class":58},[44,928,929],{"class":206},"5",[44,931,72],{"class":58},[44,933,934],{"class":206}," 10",[44,936,72],{"class":58},[44,938,939],{"class":206}," 5",[44,941,72],{"class":58},[44,943,212],{"class":206},[44,945,72],{"class":58},[44,947,939],{"class":206},[44,949,100],{"class":58},[44,951,952],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,953,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,955,956,958,960,963,965,967,969,971,973],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,957,136],{"class":135},[44,959,121],{"class":58},[44,961,962],{"class":117},"values",[44,964,114],{"class":58},[44,966,118],{"class":117},[44,968,121],{"class":58},[44,970,929],{"class":206},[44,972,459],{"class":58},[44,974,975],{"class":147},"        # 0\n",[44,977,978,980,982,984,986,988,990,992,994,996,998],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,979,136],{"class":135},[44,981,121],{"class":58},[44,983,962],{"class":117},[44,985,114],{"class":58},[44,987,118],{"class":117},[44,989,121],{"class":58},[44,991,929],{"class":206},[44,993,72],{"class":58},[44,995,519],{"class":206},[44,997,459],{"class":58},[44,999,1000],{"class":147},"     # 2\n",[44,1002,1003,1005,1007,1009,1011,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023,1025,1027],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,1004,136],{"class":135},[44,1006,121],{"class":58},[44,1008,962],{"class":117},[44,1010,114],{"class":58},[44,1012,118],{"class":117},[44,1014,121],{"class":58},[44,1016,929],{"class":206},[44,1018,72],{"class":58},[44,1020,524],{"class":206},[44,1022,72],{"class":58},[44,1024,939],{"class":206},[44,1026,459],{"class":58},[44,1028,1029],{"class":147},"  # 4\n",[338,1031,1033],{"id":1032},"how-it-works","How it works",[169,1035,1036,1041,1046],{},[172,1037,1038,1040],{},[15,1039,353],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[172,1042,1043,1045],{},[15,1044,359],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[172,1047,164,1048,1050],{},[15,1049,359],{}," position itself is not included",[20,1052,189],{},[35,1054,1056],{"className":37,"code":1055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,1057,1058,1086,1090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1059,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070,1072,1074,1076,1078,1080,1082,1084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1061,922],{"class":50},[44,1063,55],{"class":54},[44,1065,59],{"class":58},[44,1067,929],{"class":206},[44,1069,72],{"class":58},[44,1071,934],{"class":206},[44,1073,72],{"class":58},[44,1075,939],{"class":206},[44,1077,72],{"class":58},[44,1079,212],{"class":206},[44,1081,72],{"class":58},[44,1083,939],{"class":206},[44,1085,100],{"class":58},[44,1087,1088],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1089,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,1091,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1115],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1093,136],{"class":135},[44,1095,121],{"class":58},[44,1097,962],{"class":117},[44,1099,114],{"class":58},[44,1101,118],{"class":117},[44,1103,121],{"class":58},[44,1105,929],{"class":206},[44,1107,72],{"class":58},[44,1109,519],{"class":206},[44,1111,72],{"class":58},[44,1113,1114],{"class":206}," 4",[44,1116,244],{"class":58},[20,1118,247],{},[35,1120,1122],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n",[15,1123,1124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1125,1126],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1127,1121],{"class":206},[20,1129,1130,1131,1134,1135,1138,1139,1142,1143,114],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,1132,1133],{},"1",", ",[15,1136,1137],{},"2",", and ",[15,1140,1141],{},"3",", but not ",[15,1144,1145],{},"4",[30,1147,1149],{"id":1148},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,1151,1152,1153,1155],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,1154,24],{},":",[169,1157,1158,1166,1171,1182],{},[172,1159,1160,1161,1163,1164],{},"Do not confuse the ",[367,1162,302],{}," with the ",[367,1165,118],{},[172,1167,1168,1169],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,1170,186],{},[172,1172,651,1173,1181],{},[270,1174,1176,1177,1180],{"href":1175},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","Python tuple ",[15,1178,1179],{},"count()"," method"," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[172,1183,1184,1185,1187],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,1186,671],{}," when you already know the position",[20,1189,1190],{},"Example of value vs index:",[35,1192,1194],{"className":37,"code":1193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,1195,1196,1232,1236,1261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1197,1198,1201,1203,1205,1207,1210,1212,1214,1216,1219,1221,1223,1225,1228,1230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1199,1200],{"class":50},"fruits ",[44,1202,55],{"class":54},[44,1204,59],{"class":58},[44,1206,63],{"class":62},[44,1208,1209],{"class":66},"apple",[44,1211,63],{"class":62},[44,1213,72],{"class":58},[44,1215,75],{"class":62},[44,1217,1218],{"class":66},"banana",[44,1220,63],{"class":62},[44,1222,72],{"class":58},[44,1224,75],{"class":62},[44,1226,1227],{"class":66},"orange",[44,1229,63],{"class":62},[44,1231,100],{"class":58},[44,1233,1234],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1235,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,1237,1238,1240,1242,1245,1247,1249,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1239,136],{"class":135},[44,1241,121],{"class":58},[44,1243,1244],{"class":117},"fruits",[44,1246,114],{"class":58},[44,1248,118],{"class":117},[44,1250,121],{"class":58},[44,1252,63],{"class":62},[44,1254,1218],{"class":66},[44,1256,63],{"class":62},[44,1258,459],{"class":58},[44,1260,148],{"class":147},[44,1262,1263,1265,1267,1269,1272,1274,1277],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,1264,136],{"class":135},[44,1266,121],{"class":58},[44,1268,1244],{"class":117},[44,1270,1271],{"class":58},"[",[44,1273,1133],{"class":206},[44,1275,1276],{"class":58},"])",[44,1278,1279],{"class":147},"               # banana\n",[20,1281,1282],{},"Here:",[169,1284,1285,1291],{},[172,1286,1287,1290],{},[15,1288,1289],{},"\"banana\""," is the value",[172,1292,1293,1295],{},[15,1294,1133],{}," is the index",[30,1297,1299],{"id":1298},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1301,1302,1303,1155],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,1304,24],{},[169,1306,1307,1310,1316,1321,1328],{},[172,1308,1309],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[172,1311,1312,1313,1315],{},"Expecting ",[15,1314,17],{}," to return all matching positions",[172,1317,1318,1319],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,1320,186],{},[172,1322,1323,1324,898,1326],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,1325,353],{},[15,1327,359],{},[172,1329,1330,1331,1333],{},"Confusing ",[15,1332,24],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[338,1335,1337],{"id":1336},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[20,1339,1340],{},"These quick checks can help:",[35,1342,1344],{"className":37,"code":1343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,1345,1346,1357,1372,1389,1408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1347,1348,1350,1352,1355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1349,136],{"class":135},[44,1351,121],{"class":58},[44,1353,1354],{"class":117},"my_tuple",[44,1356,100],{"class":58},[44,1358,1359,1361,1363,1366,1368,1370],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1360,136],{"class":135},[44,1362,121],{"class":58},[44,1364,1365],{"class":135},"len",[44,1367,121],{"class":58},[44,1369,1354],{"class":117},[44,1371,244],{"class":58},[44,1373,1374,1376,1378,1381,1384,1387],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1375,136],{"class":135},[44,1377,121],{"class":58},[44,1379,1380],{"class":117},"value ",[44,1382,1383],{"class":805},"in",[44,1385,1386],{"class":117}," my_tuple",[44,1388,100],{"class":58},[44,1390,1391,1393,1395,1397,1399,1402,1404,1406],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,1392,136],{"class":135},[44,1394,121],{"class":58},[44,1396,1354],{"class":117},[44,1398,114],{"class":58},[44,1400,1401],{"class":117},"count",[44,1403,121],{"class":58},[44,1405,302],{"class":117},[44,1407,244],{"class":58},[44,1409,1410,1412,1414,1416,1418,1420,1422,1424],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,1411,136],{"class":135},[44,1413,121],{"class":58},[44,1415,1354],{"class":117},[44,1417,114],{"class":58},[44,1419,118],{"class":117},[44,1421,121],{"class":58},[44,1423,302],{"class":117},[44,1425,244],{"class":58},[20,1427,1428,1429,1431,1432,1434],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,1430,686],{}," if ",[15,1433,302],{}," is missing.",[20,1436,1437],{},"A safer version is:",[35,1439,1441],{"className":37,"code":1440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,1442,1443,1456,1474,1480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1444,1445,1447,1450,1452,1454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1446,806],{"class":805},[44,1448,1449],{"class":50}," value ",[44,1451,1383],{"class":54},[44,1453,1386],{"class":50},[44,1455,820],{"class":58},[44,1457,1458,1460,1462,1464,1466,1468,1470,1472],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1459,825],{"class":135},[44,1461,121],{"class":58},[44,1463,1354],{"class":117},[44,1465,114],{"class":58},[44,1467,118],{"class":117},[44,1469,121],{"class":58},[44,1471,302],{"class":117},[44,1473,244],{"class":58},[44,1475,1476,1478],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1477,848],{"class":805},[44,1479,820],{"class":58},[44,1481,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,1483,825],{"class":135},[44,1485,121],{"class":58},[44,1487,63],{"class":62},[44,1489,862],{"class":66},[44,1491,63],{"class":62},[44,1493,100],{"class":58},[30,1495,1497],{"id":1496},"faq","FAQ",[338,1499,1501,1502,1504],{"id":1500},"what-does-tupleindex-return","What does ",[15,1503,24],{}," return?",[20,1506,1507],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[338,1509,1511],{"id":1510},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,1513,1514,265],{},[15,1515,24],{},[338,1517,1519],{"id":1518},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,1521,1522,1523,114],{},"Python raises a ",[15,1524,686],{},[338,1526,1528],{"id":1527},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,1530,1531,1532,898,1534,1536],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,1533,353],{},[15,1535,359],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[338,1538,1540,1541,1543,1544,1547],{"id":1539},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex","Is ",[15,1542,24],{}," the same as ",[15,1545,1546],{},"list.index()","?",[20,1549,1550],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[30,1552,1554],{"id":1553},"see-also","See also",[169,1556,1557,1563,1567,1573,1577],{},[172,1558,1559],{},[270,1560,1176,1561,1180],{"href":1175},[15,1562,1179],{},[172,1564,1565],{},[270,1566,676],{"href":675},[172,1568,1569],{},[270,1570,1572],{"href":1571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","Creating a tuple in Python",[172,1574,1575],{},[270,1576,891],{"href":890},[172,1578,1579],{},[270,1580,1581],{"href":272},"What is a tuple in Python?",[1583,1584,1585],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":1587},[1588,1589,1591,1594,1595,1596,1597,1601,1602,1605,1614],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":157,"depth":103,"text":1590},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":1592},[1593],{"id":340,"depth":132,"text":341},{"id":531,"depth":103,"text":532},{"id":647,"depth":103,"text":648},{"id":679,"depth":103,"text":680},{"id":894,"depth":103,"text":1598,"children":1599},"Using start and end",[1600],{"id":1032,"depth":132,"text":1033},{"id":1148,"depth":103,"text":1149},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":1603},[1604],{"id":1336,"depth":132,"text":1337},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":1606},[1607,1609,1610,1611,1612],{"id":1500,"depth":132,"text":1608},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":1510,"depth":132,"text":1511},{"id":1518,"depth":132,"text":1519},{"id":1527,"depth":132,"text":1528},{"id":1539,"depth":132,"text":1613},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":5,"description":1615},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",[1623,3217,4926,6622,8760,10960,12478,14651,16854,19309,21145,23709,25807,28087,30035,31946,33942,35382,37202,39726,41886,43115,44486,46134,48454,50298,52277,53970,55223,56916,58663,60633,62383,64483,65828,67779,69342,71333,73128,75028,77469,79547,82187,84215,86178,88366,90370,92683,94364,95809,97003,98181,100021,102461,104163,106177,107701,108944,110106,111488,113559,115456,117230,119096,121215,122955,124417,126011,127934,129609,131544,133033,135817,137394,138953,140981,142933,144396,145585,147471,148875,150568,152121,153441,154844,156742,159136,160967],{"id":1624,"title":1625,"body":1626,"description":3211,"extension":1616,"meta":3212,"navigation":434,"path":3213,"seo":3214,"stem":3215,"__hash__":3216},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1627,"toc":3183},[1628,1631,1637,1640,1651,1654,1656,1720,1722,1742,1747,1751,1756,1759,1774,1777,1802,1805,1807,1810,1826,1828,1854,1856,1914,1916,1931,1941,1952,1956,1959,2012,2014,2034,2037,2061,2068,2072,2077,2083,2085,2120,2122,2131,2137,2154,2157,2169,2173,2178,2182,2185,2206,2208,2266,2268,2276,2279,2283,2315,2317,2325,2328,2332,2337,2385,2387,2395,2399,2459,2461,2469,2472,2474,2478,2481,2504,2513,2529,2581,2583,2598,2609,2613,2616,2645,2652,2656,2661,2702,2704,2715,2718,2761,2763,2771,2775,2780,2802,2804,2813,2822,2826,2831,2853,2855,2926,2928,2980,2983,2986,2989,3069,3071,3102,3104,3108,3111,3115,3118,3122,3125,3129,3141,3145,3148,3150,3180],[10,1629,1625],{"id":1630},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1632,164,1633,1636],{},[15,1634,1635],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1638,1639],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[169,1641,1642,1645,1648],{},[172,1643,1644],{},"a number without its negative sign",[172,1646,1647],{},"the distance between two numbers",[172,1649,1650],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1652,1653],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[30,1655,33],{"id":32},[35,1657,1659],{"className":37,"code":1658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1660,1661,1680,1695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1662,1663,1665,1667,1670,1672,1675,1678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1664,136],{"class":135},[44,1666,121],{"class":58},[44,1668,1669],{"class":135},"abs",[44,1671,121],{"class":58},[44,1673,1674],{"class":54},"-",[44,1676,1677],{"class":206},"7",[44,1679,244],{"class":58},[44,1681,1682,1684,1686,1688,1690,1693],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1683,136],{"class":135},[44,1685,121],{"class":58},[44,1687,1669],{"class":135},[44,1689,121],{"class":58},[44,1691,1692],{"class":206},"3.5",[44,1694,244],{"class":58},[44,1696,1697,1699,1701,1703,1705,1707,1709,1712,1714,1718],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1698,136],{"class":135},[44,1700,121],{"class":58},[44,1702,1669],{"class":135},[44,1704,121],{"class":58},[44,1706,1674],{"class":54},[44,1708,1137],{"class":206},[44,1710,1711],{"class":54},"+",[44,1713,1141],{"class":206},[44,1715,1717],{"class":1716},"sbsja","j",[44,1719,244],{"class":58},[20,1721,247],{},[35,1723,1725],{"className":37,"code":1724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1726,1727,1732,1737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1728,1729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1730,1731],{"class":206},"7\n",[44,1733,1734],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1735,1736],{"class":206},"3.5\n",[44,1738,1739],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1740,1741],{"class":206},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1743,651,1744,1746],{},[15,1745,1635],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[30,1748,1750],{"id":1749},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1752,1753,1755],{},[15,1754,1635],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1757,1758],{},"That means:",[169,1760,1761,1764,1767],{},[172,1762,1763],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[172,1765,1766],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[172,1768,1769,1771,1772],{},[15,1770,186],{}," stays ",[15,1773,186],{},[20,1775,1776],{},"Examples:",[169,1778,1779,1787,1795],{},[172,1780,1781,1784,1785],{},[15,1782,1783],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1786,929],{},[172,1788,1789,1784,1792],{},[15,1790,1791],{},"abs(9)",[15,1793,1794],{},"9",[172,1796,1797,1784,1800],{},[15,1798,1799],{},"abs(0)",[15,1801,186],{},[20,1803,1804],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[30,1806,277],{"id":276},[20,1808,1809],{},"The syntax is:",[35,1811,1813],{"className":37,"code":1812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(x)\n",[15,1814,1815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1816,1817,1819,1821,1824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1818,1669],{"class":135},[44,1820,121],{"class":58},[44,1822,1823],{"class":117},"x",[44,1825,100],{"class":58},[20,1827,1282],{},[169,1829,1830,1846,1851],{},[172,1831,1832,1834,1835,1134,1838,1841,1842,1845],{},[15,1833,1823],{}," is usually an ",[15,1836,1837],{},"int",[15,1839,1840],{},"float",", or ",[15,1843,1844],{},"complex"," number",[172,1847,1848,1850],{},[15,1849,1635],{}," returns a new value",[172,1852,1853],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1855,189],{},[35,1857,1859],{"className":37,"code":1858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1860,1861,1874,1890,1894,1904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1862,1863,1866,1868,1871],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1864,1865],{"class":50},"number ",[44,1867,55],{"class":54},[44,1869,1870],{"class":54}," -",[44,1872,1873],{"class":206},"12\n",[44,1875,1876,1878,1880,1883,1885,1888],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1877,604],{"class":50},[44,1879,55],{"class":54},[44,1881,1882],{"class":135}," abs",[44,1884,121],{"class":58},[44,1886,1887],{"class":117},"number",[44,1889,100],{"class":58},[44,1891,1892],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1893,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,1895,1896,1898,1900,1902],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,1897,136],{"class":135},[44,1899,121],{"class":58},[44,1901,1887],{"class":117},[44,1903,100],{"class":58},[44,1905,1906,1908,1910,1912],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,1907,136],{"class":135},[44,1909,121],{"class":58},[44,1911,632],{"class":117},[44,1913,100],{"class":58},[20,1915,247],{},[35,1917,1919],{"className":37,"code":1918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-12\n12\n",[15,1920,1921,1927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1922,1923,1925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1924,1674],{"class":54},[44,1926,1873],{"class":206},[44,1928,1929],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1930,1873],{"class":206},[20,1932,1933,1934,1936,1937,1940],{},"Notice that ",[15,1935,1887],{}," is still ",[15,1938,1939],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1942,1943,1944,1951],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[270,1945,1947,1950],{"href":1946},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1948,1949],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[30,1953,1955],{"id":1954},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1957,1958],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[35,1960,1962],{"className":37,"code":1961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1963,1964,1980,1995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,1965,1966,1968,1970,1972,1974,1976,1978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,1967,136],{"class":135},[44,1969,121],{"class":58},[44,1971,1669],{"class":135},[44,1973,121],{"class":58},[44,1975,1674],{"class":54},[44,1977,207],{"class":206},[44,1979,244],{"class":58},[44,1981,1982,1984,1986,1988,1990,1993],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,1983,136],{"class":135},[44,1985,121],{"class":58},[44,1987,1669],{"class":135},[44,1989,121],{"class":58},[44,1991,1992],{"class":206},"8",[44,1994,244],{"class":58},[44,1996,1997,1999,2001,2003,2005,2007,2010],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,1998,136],{"class":135},[44,2000,121],{"class":58},[44,2002,1669],{"class":135},[44,2004,121],{"class":58},[44,2006,1674],{"class":54},[44,2008,2009],{"class":206},"4.2",[44,2011,244],{"class":58},[20,2013,247],{},[35,2015,2017],{"className":37,"code":2016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2018,2019,2024,2029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2020,2021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2022,2023],{"class":206},"10\n",[44,2025,2026],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2027,2028],{"class":206},"8\n",[44,2030,2031],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2032,2033],{"class":206},"4.2\n",[20,2035,2036],{},"What each line does:",[169,2038,2039,2047,2054],{},[172,2040,2041,2044,2045],{},[15,2042,2043],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2046,207],{},[172,2048,2049,2044,2052],{},[15,2050,2051],{},"abs(8)",[15,2053,1992],{},[172,2055,2056,2044,2059],{},[15,2057,2058],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2060,2009],{},[20,2062,2063,2064,114],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[270,2065,2067],{"href":2066},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[30,2069,2071],{"id":2070},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2073,2074,2076],{},[15,2075,1635],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2078,2079,2080,2082],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2081,186],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2084,189],{},[35,2086,2088],{"className":37,"code":2087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2089,2090,2106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2091,2092,2094,2096,2098,2101,2103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2093,1380],{"class":50},[44,2095,55],{"class":54},[44,2097,524],{"class":206},[44,2099,2100],{"class":54}," +",[44,2102,1114],{"class":206},[44,2104,2105],{"class":1716},"j\n",[44,2107,2108,2110,2112,2114,2116,2118],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2109,136],{"class":135},[44,2111,121],{"class":58},[44,2113,1669],{"class":135},[44,2115,121],{"class":58},[44,2117,302],{"class":117},[44,2119,244],{"class":58},[20,2121,247],{},[35,2123,2125],{"className":37,"code":2124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n",[15,2126,2127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2128,2129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2130,2124],{"class":206},[20,2132,2133,2134,1547],{},"Why ",[15,2135,2136],{},"5.0",[169,2138,2139,2144,2149],{},[172,2140,2141,2142],{},"the real part is ",[15,2143,1141],{},[172,2145,2146,2147],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2148,1145],{},[172,2150,2151,2152],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2153,2136],{},[20,2155,2156],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[169,2158,2159,2166],{},[172,2160,2161,2163,2164],{},[15,2162,1635],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2165,1840],{},[172,2167,2168],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[30,2170,2172],{"id":2171},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2174,2175,2176,114],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2177,1635],{},[338,2179,2181],{"id":2180},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2183,2184],{},"A very common pattern is:",[35,2186,2188],{"className":37,"code":2187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2189,2190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2191,2192,2194,2196,2199,2201,2204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2193,1669],{"class":135},[44,2195,121],{"class":58},[44,2197,2198],{"class":117},"a ",[44,2200,1674],{"class":54},[44,2202,2203],{"class":117}," b",[44,2205,100],{"class":58},[20,2207,189],{},[35,2209,2211],{"className":37,"code":2210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2212,2213,2222,2232,2236,2255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2214,2215,2217,2219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2216,2198],{"class":50},[44,2218,55],{"class":54},[44,2220,2221],{"class":206}," 3\n",[44,2223,2224,2227,2229],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2225,2226],{"class":50},"b ",[44,2228,55],{"class":54},[44,2230,2231],{"class":206}," 10\n",[44,2233,2234],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2235,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,2237,2238,2241,2243,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,2239,2240],{"class":50},"distance ",[44,2242,55],{"class":54},[44,2244,1882],{"class":135},[44,2246,121],{"class":58},[44,2248,2198],{"class":117},[44,2250,1674],{"class":54},[44,2252,2203],{"class":117},[44,2254,100],{"class":58},[44,2256,2257,2259,2261,2264],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,2258,136],{"class":135},[44,2260,121],{"class":58},[44,2262,2263],{"class":117},"distance",[44,2265,100],{"class":58},[20,2267,247],{},[35,2269,2270],{"className":37,"code":1731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2271,2272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2273,2274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2275,1731],{"class":206},[20,2277,2278],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[338,2280,2282],{"id":2281},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[35,2284,2286],{"className":37,"code":2285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2287,2288,2300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2289,2290,2293,2295,2297],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2291,2292],{"class":50},"temperature_change ",[44,2294,55],{"class":54},[44,2296,1870],{"class":54},[44,2298,2299],{"class":206},"6\n",[44,2301,2302,2304,2306,2308,2310,2313],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2303,136],{"class":135},[44,2305,121],{"class":58},[44,2307,1669],{"class":135},[44,2309,121],{"class":58},[44,2311,2312],{"class":117},"temperature_change",[44,2314,244],{"class":58},[20,2316,247],{},[35,2318,2319],{"className":37,"code":2299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2320,2321],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2322,2323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2324,2299],{"class":206},[20,2326,2327],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[338,2329,2331],{"id":2330},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2333,2334,2335,1951],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2336,1635],{},[35,2338,2340],{"className":37,"code":2339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2341,2342,2354,2370,2374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2343,2344,2347,2349,2351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2345,2346],{"class":50},"balance_change ",[44,2348,55],{"class":54},[44,2350,1870],{"class":54},[44,2352,2353],{"class":206},"25\n",[44,2355,2356,2359,2361,2363,2365,2368],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2357,2358],{"class":50},"safe_value ",[44,2360,55],{"class":54},[44,2362,1882],{"class":135},[44,2364,121],{"class":58},[44,2366,2367],{"class":117},"balance_change",[44,2369,100],{"class":58},[44,2371,2372],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2373,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,2375,2376,2378,2380,2383],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,2377,136],{"class":135},[44,2379,121],{"class":58},[44,2381,2382],{"class":117},"safe_value",[44,2384,100],{"class":58},[20,2386,247],{},[35,2388,2389],{"className":37,"code":2353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2390,2391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2392,2393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2394,2353],{"class":206},[338,2396,2398],{"id":2397},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[35,2400,2402],{"className":37,"code":2401,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2403,2404,2414,2424,2428,2448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2405,2406,2409,2411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2407,2408],{"class":50},"guess ",[44,2410,55],{"class":54},[44,2412,2413],{"class":206}," 42\n",[44,2415,2416,2419,2421],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2417,2418],{"class":50},"target ",[44,2420,55],{"class":54},[44,2422,2423],{"class":206}," 50\n",[44,2425,2426],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2427,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,2429,2430,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2446],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,2431,2432],{"class":50},"difference ",[44,2434,55],{"class":54},[44,2436,1882],{"class":135},[44,2438,121],{"class":58},[44,2440,2408],{"class":117},[44,2442,1674],{"class":54},[44,2444,2445],{"class":117}," target",[44,2447,100],{"class":58},[44,2449,2450,2452,2454,2457],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,2451,136],{"class":135},[44,2453,121],{"class":58},[44,2455,2456],{"class":117},"difference",[44,2458,100],{"class":58},[20,2460,247],{},[35,2462,2463],{"className":37,"code":2028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2464,2465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2466,2467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2468,2028],{"class":206},[20,2470,2471],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[30,2473,1299],{"id":1298},[338,2475,2477],{"id":2476},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2479,2480],{},"This causes an error:",[35,2482,2484],{"className":37,"code":2483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2485,2486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2487,2488,2490,2492,2494,2496,2498,2500,2502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2489,136],{"class":135},[44,2491,121],{"class":58},[44,2493,1669],{"class":135},[44,2495,121],{"class":58},[44,2497,63],{"class":62},[44,2499,929],{"class":66},[44,2501,63],{"class":62},[44,2503,244],{"class":58},[20,2505,2506,2509,2510,2512],{},[15,2507,2508],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2511,1635],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2514,2515,2516,2522,2523,1155],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[270,2517,2519],{"href":2518},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2520,2521],{},"int()"," or ",[270,2524,2526],{"href":2525},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2527,2528],{},"float()",[35,2530,2532],{"className":37,"code":2531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2533,2534,2558],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2535,2536,2538,2540,2542,2544,2547,2549,2551,2553,2555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2537,136],{"class":135},[44,2539,121],{"class":58},[44,2541,1669],{"class":135},[44,2543,121],{"class":58},[44,2545,1837],{"class":2546},"sZMiF",[44,2548,121],{"class":58},[44,2550,63],{"class":62},[44,2552,929],{"class":66},[44,2554,63],{"class":62},[44,2556,2557],{"class":58},")))\n",[44,2559,2560,2562,2564,2566,2568,2570,2572,2574,2577,2579],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2561,136],{"class":135},[44,2563,121],{"class":58},[44,2565,1669],{"class":135},[44,2567,121],{"class":58},[44,2569,1840],{"class":2546},[44,2571,121],{"class":58},[44,2573,63],{"class":62},[44,2575,2576],{"class":66},"-3.2",[44,2578,63],{"class":62},[44,2580,2557],{"class":58},[20,2582,247],{},[35,2584,2586],{"className":37,"code":2585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2587,2588,2593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2589,2590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2591,2592],{"class":206},"5\n",[44,2594,2595],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2596,2597],{"class":206},"3.2\n",[20,2599,2600,2601,2604,2605,114],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2602,2603],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[270,2606,2608],{"href":2607},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[338,2610,2612],{"id":2611},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2614,2615],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[35,2617,2619],{"className":37,"code":2618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2620,2621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2622,2623,2625,2627,2629,2632,2634,2636,2638,2640,2642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2624,136],{"class":135},[44,2626,121],{"class":58},[44,2628,1669],{"class":135},[44,2630,2631],{"class":58},"([",[44,2633,1133],{"class":206},[44,2635,72],{"class":58},[44,2637,488],{"class":206},[44,2639,72],{"class":58},[44,2641,524],{"class":206},[44,2643,2644],{"class":58},"]))\n",[20,2646,2647,2648,2651],{},"This raises a ",[15,2649,2650],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[338,2653,2655],{"id":2654},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2657,2658,2660],{},[15,2659,1635],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[35,2662,2664],{"className":37,"code":2663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2665,2666,2678,2688,2692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2667,2668,2671,2673,2675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2669,2670],{"class":50},"x ",[44,2672,55],{"class":54},[44,2674,1870],{"class":54},[44,2676,2677],{"class":206},"9\n",[44,2679,2680,2682,2684,2686],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2681,1669],{"class":135},[44,2683,121],{"class":58},[44,2685,1823],{"class":117},[44,2687,100],{"class":58},[44,2689,2690],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2691,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,2693,2694,2696,2698,2700],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,2695,136],{"class":135},[44,2697,121],{"class":58},[44,2699,1823],{"class":117},[44,2701,100],{"class":58},[20,2703,247],{},[35,2705,2707],{"className":37,"code":2706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-9\n",[15,2708,2709],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2710,2711,2713],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2712,1674],{"class":54},[44,2714,2677],{"class":206},[20,2716,2717],{},"If you want to store the result:",[35,2719,2721],{"className":37,"code":2720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2722,2723,2733,2747,2751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2724,2725,2727,2729,2731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2726,2670],{"class":50},[44,2728,55],{"class":54},[44,2730,1870],{"class":54},[44,2732,2677],{"class":206},[44,2734,2735,2737,2739,2741,2743,2745],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2736,2670],{"class":50},[44,2738,55],{"class":54},[44,2740,1882],{"class":135},[44,2742,121],{"class":58},[44,2744,1823],{"class":117},[44,2746,100],{"class":58},[44,2748,2749],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2750,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,2752,2753,2755,2757,2759],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,2754,136],{"class":135},[44,2756,121],{"class":58},[44,2758,1823],{"class":117},[44,2760,100],{"class":58},[20,2762,247],{},[35,2764,2765],{"className":37,"code":2677,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,2766,2767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2768,2769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2770,2677],{"class":206},[338,2772,2774],{"id":2773},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2776,2777,2779],{},[15,2778,1635],{}," does not round numbers.",[35,2781,2783],{"className":37,"code":2782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2784,2785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2786,2787,2789,2791,2793,2795,2797,2800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2788,136],{"class":135},[44,2790,121],{"class":58},[44,2792,1669],{"class":135},[44,2794,121],{"class":58},[44,2796,1674],{"class":54},[44,2798,2799],{"class":206},"4.7",[44,2801,244],{"class":58},[20,2803,247],{},[35,2805,2807],{"className":37,"code":2806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.7\n",[15,2808,2809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2810,2811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2812,2806],{"class":206},[20,2814,2815,2816,2818,2819,2821],{},"If you expected ",[15,2817,929],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2820,1635],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[30,2823,2825],{"id":2824},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2827,2828,2830],{},[15,2829,1635],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[169,2832,2833,2840,2847],{},[172,2834,2835,2837,2838],{},[15,2836,1837],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2839,1837],{},[172,2841,2842,2844,2845],{},[15,2843,1840],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2846,1840],{},[172,2848,2849,2844,2851],{},[15,2850,1844],{},[15,2852,1840],{},[20,2854,189],{},[35,2856,2858],{"className":37,"code":2857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2859,2860,2881,2902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2861,2862,2864,2866,2869,2871,2873,2875,2877,2879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2863,136],{"class":135},[44,2865,121],{"class":58},[44,2867,2868],{"class":2546},"type",[44,2870,121],{"class":58},[44,2872,1669],{"class":135},[44,2874,121],{"class":58},[44,2876,1674],{"class":54},[44,2878,929],{"class":206},[44,2880,2557],{"class":58},[44,2882,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2897,2900],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2884,136],{"class":135},[44,2886,121],{"class":58},[44,2888,2868],{"class":2546},[44,2890,121],{"class":58},[44,2892,1669],{"class":135},[44,2894,121],{"class":58},[44,2896,1674],{"class":54},[44,2898,2899],{"class":206},"3.2",[44,2901,2557],{"class":58},[44,2903,2904,2906,2908,2910,2912,2914,2916,2918,2920,2922,2924],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2905,136],{"class":135},[44,2907,121],{"class":58},[44,2909,2868],{"class":2546},[44,2911,121],{"class":58},[44,2913,1669],{"class":135},[44,2915,121],{"class":58},[44,2917,1141],{"class":206},[44,2919,2100],{"class":54},[44,2921,1114],{"class":206},[44,2923,1717],{"class":1716},[44,2925,2557],{"class":58},[20,2927,247],{},[35,2929,2931],{"className":37,"code":2930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2932,2933,2952,2966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2934,2935,2938,2941,2944,2946,2949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2936,2937],{"class":54},"\u003C",[44,2939,2940],{"class":1716},"class",[44,2942,2943],{"class":62}," '",[44,2945,1837],{"class":66},[44,2947,2948],{"class":62},"'",[44,2950,2951],{"class":54},">\n",[44,2953,2954,2956,2958,2960,2962,2964],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,2955,2937],{"class":54},[44,2957,2940],{"class":1716},[44,2959,2943],{"class":62},[44,2961,1840],{"class":66},[44,2963,2948],{"class":62},[44,2965,2951],{"class":54},[44,2967,2968,2970,2972,2974,2976,2978],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,2969,2937],{"class":54},[44,2971,2940],{"class":1716},[44,2973,2943],{"class":62},[44,2975,1840],{"class":66},[44,2977,2948],{"class":62},[44,2979,2951],{"class":54},[20,2981,2982],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2984,2985],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2987,2988],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[35,2990,2992],{"className":37,"code":2991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2993,2994,3008,3018,3032,3036,3050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,2995,2996,2998,3000,3002,3005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,2997,1380],{"class":50},[44,2999,55],{"class":54},[44,3001,75],{"class":62},[44,3003,3004],{"class":66},"-5",[44,3006,3007],{"class":62},"\"\n",[44,3009,3010,3012,3014,3016],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3011,136],{"class":135},[44,3013,121],{"class":58},[44,3015,302],{"class":117},[44,3017,100],{"class":58},[44,3019,3020,3022,3024,3026,3028,3030],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3021,136],{"class":135},[44,3023,121],{"class":58},[44,3025,2868],{"class":2546},[44,3027,121],{"class":58},[44,3029,302],{"class":117},[44,3031,244],{"class":58},[44,3033,3034],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,3035,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,3037,3038,3041,3043,3045,3048],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,3039,3040],{"class":50},"user_input ",[44,3042,55],{"class":54},[44,3044,75],{"class":62},[44,3046,3047],{"class":66},"-3.7",[44,3049,3007],{"class":62},[44,3051,3052,3054,3056,3058,3060,3062,3064,3067],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,3053,136],{"class":135},[44,3055,121],{"class":58},[44,3057,1669],{"class":135},[44,3059,121],{"class":58},[44,3061,1840],{"class":2546},[44,3063,121],{"class":58},[44,3065,3066],{"class":117},"user_input",[44,3068,2557],{"class":58},[20,3070,247],{},[35,3072,3074],{"className":37,"code":3073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3075,3076,3082,3097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3077,3078,3080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3079,1674],{"class":54},[44,3081,2592],{"class":206},[44,3083,3084,3086,3088,3090,3093,3095],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3085,2937],{"class":54},[44,3087,2940],{"class":1716},[44,3089,2943],{"class":62},[44,3091,3092],{"class":66},"str",[44,3094,2948],{"class":62},[44,3096,2951],{"class":54},[44,3098,3099],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3100,3101],{"class":206},"3.7\n",[30,3103,1497],{"id":1496},[338,3105,3107],{"id":3106},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3109,3110],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[338,3112,3114],{"id":3113},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3116,3117],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[338,3119,3121],{"id":3120},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3123,3124],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[338,3126,3128],{"id":3127},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3130,3131,3133,3134,2522,3136,3138,3139,114],{},[15,3132,2603],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3135,2521],{},[15,3137,2528],{}," before using ",[15,3140,1635],{},[338,3142,3144],{"id":3143},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3146,3147],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[30,3149,1554],{"id":1553},[169,3151,3152,3159,3165,3171,3176],{},[172,3153,3154],{},[270,3155,3156,3158],{"href":2518},[15,3157,2521],{}," function explained",[172,3160,3161],{},[270,3162,3163,3158],{"href":2525},[15,3164,2528],{},[172,3166,3167],{},[270,3168,3169,3158],{"href":1946},[15,3170,1949],{},[172,3172,3173],{},[270,3174,3175],{"href":2607},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[172,3177,3178],{},[270,3179,2067],{"href":2066},[1583,3181,3182],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":3184},[3185,3186,3187,3188,3189,3190,3196,3202,3203,3210],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":1749,"depth":103,"text":1750},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":1954,"depth":103,"text":1955},{"id":2070,"depth":103,"text":2071},{"id":2171,"depth":103,"text":2172,"children":3191},[3192,3193,3194,3195],{"id":2180,"depth":132,"text":2181},{"id":2281,"depth":132,"text":2282},{"id":2330,"depth":132,"text":2331},{"id":2397,"depth":132,"text":2398},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":3197},[3198,3199,3200,3201],{"id":2476,"depth":132,"text":2477},{"id":2611,"depth":132,"text":2612},{"id":2654,"depth":132,"text":2655},{"id":2773,"depth":132,"text":2774},{"id":2824,"depth":103,"text":2825},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":3204},[3205,3206,3207,3208,3209],{"id":3106,"depth":132,"text":3107},{"id":3113,"depth":132,"text":3114},{"id":3120,"depth":132,"text":3121},{"id":3127,"depth":132,"text":3128},{"id":3143,"depth":132,"text":3144},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1625,"description":3211},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3218,"title":3219,"body":3220,"description":4920,"extension":1616,"meta":4921,"navigation":434,"path":4922,"seo":4923,"stem":4924,"__hash__":4925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3221,"toc":4884},[3222,3230,3236,3239,3256,3260,3315,3325,3330,3334,3353,3356,3373,3376,3380,3388,3405,3408,3448,3451,3458,3464,3539,3541,3572,3578,3582,3586,3625,3627,3636,3643,3647,3686,3688,3697,3707,3711,3765,3767,3775,3778,3781,3828,3830,3838,3844,3851,3856,3859,3862,3929,3931,3939,3942,4009,4011,4019,4033,4036,4047,4051,4057,4060,4062,4078,4080,4088,4091,4094,4097,4114,4117,4120,4150,4152,4165,4169,4173,4176,4191,4196,4199,4226,4233,4236,4275,4281,4287,4295,4298,4350,4357,4421,4426,4434,4437,4455,4461,4464,4606,4612,4617,4620,4631,4634,4690,4692,4700,4703,4762,4764,4772,4775,4786,4788,4794,4803,4812,4815,4822,4825,4834,4847,4849,4881],[10,3223,3225,3226,3229],{"id":3224},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3227,3228],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3231,3232,3233,3235],{},"Python’s ",[15,3234,3228],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3237,3238],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[169,3240,3241,3244,3247],{},[172,3242,3243],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[172,3245,3246],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[172,3248,3249,2044,3252,3255],{},[15,3250,3251],{},"all([])",[15,3253,3254],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[30,3257,3259],{"id":3258},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[35,3261,3263],{"className":37,"code":3262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3264,3265,3287,3302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3266,3267,3269,3271,3274,3276,3278,3280,3282,3284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3268,199],{"class":50},[44,3270,55],{"class":54},[44,3272,3273],{"class":58}," [",[44,3275,1133],{"class":206},[44,3277,72],{"class":58},[44,3279,488],{"class":206},[44,3281,72],{"class":58},[44,3283,524],{"class":206},[44,3285,3286],{"class":58},"]\n",[44,3288,3289,3291,3293,3296,3298,3300],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3290,604],{"class":50},[44,3292,55],{"class":54},[44,3294,3295],{"class":135}," all",[44,3297,121],{"class":58},[44,3299,232],{"class":117},[44,3301,100],{"class":58},[44,3303,3304,3306,3308,3310,3312],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3305,136],{"class":135},[44,3307,121],{"class":58},[44,3309,632],{"class":117},[44,3311,144],{"class":58},[44,3313,3314],{"class":147},"  # True\n",[20,3316,3317,2044,3319,3321,3322,114],{},[15,3318,3228],{},[15,3320,3254],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3323,3324],{},"False",[30,3326,158,3328,161],{"id":3327},"what-all-does",[15,3329,3228],{},[20,3331,3332,1155],{},[15,3333,3228],{},[169,3335,3336,3339,3345,3350],{},[172,3337,3338],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[172,3340,3341,3342,3344],{},"returns ",[15,3343,3254],{}," if all items are truthy",[172,3346,3341,3347,3349],{},[15,3348,3324],{}," if any item is falsy",[172,3351,3352],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3354,3355],{},"Basic syntax:",[35,3357,3359],{"className":37,"code":3358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3360,3361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3362,3363,3366,3368,3371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3364,3365],{"class":135},"all",[44,3367,121],{"class":58},[44,3369,3370],{"class":117},"iterable",[44,3372,100],{"class":58},[20,3374,3375],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[30,3377,3379],{"id":3378},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3381,3382,3383,2522,3385,3387],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3384,3254],{},[15,3386,3324],{}," in conditions.",[169,3389,3390,3398],{},[172,3391,3392,3395,3396],{},[367,3393,3394],{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3397,3254],{},[172,3399,3400,3395,3403],{},[367,3401,3402],{},"Falsy",[15,3404,3324],{},[20,3406,3407],{},"Common falsy values include:",[169,3409,3410,3414,3419,3424,3429,3433,3438,3443],{},[172,3411,3412],{},[15,3413,186],{},[172,3415,3416],{},[15,3417,3418],{},"0.0",[172,3420,3421],{},[15,3422,3423],{},"''",[172,3425,3426],{},[15,3427,3428],{},"None",[172,3430,3431],{},[15,3432,3324],{},[172,3434,3435],{},[15,3436,3437],{},"[]",[172,3439,3440],{},[15,3441,3442],{},"{}",[172,3444,3445],{},[15,3446,3447],{},"set()",[20,3449,3450],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3452,3453,3454,114],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[270,3455,3457],{"href":3456},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3459,3460,3461,1155],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3462,3463],{},"bool()",[35,3465,3467],{"className":37,"code":3466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3468,3469,3506,3510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3470,3471,3473,3475,3477,3479,3481,3484,3486,3489,3491,3493,3496,3498,3500,3504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3472,922],{"class":50},[44,3474,55],{"class":54},[44,3476,3273],{"class":58},[44,3478,1133],{"class":206},[44,3480,72],{"class":58},[44,3482,3483],{"class":206}," 0",[44,3485,72],{"class":58},[44,3487,3488],{"class":62}," ''",[44,3490,72],{"class":58},[44,3492,2943],{"class":62},[44,3494,3495],{"class":66},"hello",[44,3497,2948],{"class":62},[44,3499,72],{"class":58},[44,3501,3503],{"class":3502},"s39Yj"," None",[44,3505,3286],{"class":58},[44,3507,3508],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3509,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,3511,3512,3514,3516,3519,3521,3523,3525,3528,3531,3533,3536],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3513,136],{"class":135},[44,3515,2631],{"class":58},[44,3517,3518],{"class":2546},"bool",[44,3520,121],{"class":58},[44,3522,1823],{"class":117},[44,3524,144],{"class":58},[44,3526,3527],{"class":805}," for",[44,3529,3530],{"class":117}," x ",[44,3532,1383],{"class":805},[44,3534,3535],{"class":117}," values",[44,3537,3538],{"class":58},"])\n",[20,3540,247],{},[35,3542,3544],{"className":37,"code":3543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3545,3546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3547,3548,3550,3552,3554,3557,3559,3561,3563,3566,3568,3570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3549,1271],{"class":58},[44,3551,3254],{"class":3502},[44,3553,72],{"class":58},[44,3555,3556],{"class":3502}," False",[44,3558,72],{"class":58},[44,3560,3556],{"class":3502},[44,3562,72],{"class":58},[44,3564,3565],{"class":3502}," True",[44,3567,72],{"class":58},[44,3569,3556],{"class":3502},[44,3571,3286],{"class":58},[20,3573,3574,3575,3577],{},"This matters because ",[15,3576,3228],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[30,3579,3581],{"id":3580},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[338,3583,3585],{"id":3584},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[35,3587,3589],{"className":37,"code":3588,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3590,3591,3611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3592,3593,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3594,199],{"class":50},[44,3596,55],{"class":54},[44,3598,3273],{"class":58},[44,3600,1133],{"class":206},[44,3602,72],{"class":58},[44,3604,488],{"class":206},[44,3606,72],{"class":58},[44,3608,524],{"class":206},[44,3610,3286],{"class":58},[44,3612,3613,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3614,136],{"class":135},[44,3616,121],{"class":58},[44,3618,3365],{"class":135},[44,3620,121],{"class":58},[44,3622,232],{"class":117},[44,3624,244],{"class":58},[20,3626,247],{},[35,3628,3630],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n",[15,3631,3632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3633,3634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3635,3629],{"class":3502},[20,3637,3638,3639,2044,3641,114],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3640,3228],{},[15,3642,3254],{},[338,3644,3646],{"id":3645},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[35,3648,3650],{"className":37,"code":3649,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3651,3652,3672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3653,3654,3656,3658,3660,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3655,199],{"class":50},[44,3657,55],{"class":54},[44,3659,3273],{"class":58},[44,3661,1133],{"class":206},[44,3663,72],{"class":58},[44,3665,3483],{"class":206},[44,3667,72],{"class":58},[44,3669,524],{"class":206},[44,3671,3286],{"class":58},[44,3673,3674,3676,3678,3680,3682,3684],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3675,136],{"class":135},[44,3677,121],{"class":58},[44,3679,3365],{"class":135},[44,3681,121],{"class":58},[44,3683,232],{"class":117},[44,3685,244],{"class":58},[20,3687,247],{},[35,3689,3691],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\n",[15,3692,3693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3694,3695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3696,3690],{"class":3502},[20,3698,3699,3700,3702,3703,2044,3705,114],{},"The value ",[15,3701,186],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3704,3228],{},[15,3706,3324],{},[338,3708,3710],{"id":3709},"example-strings","Example: strings",[35,3712,3714],{"className":37,"code":3713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3715,3716,3750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3717,3718,3721,3723,3725,3727,3729,3731,3733,3735,3737,3739,3741,3743,3746,3748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3719,3720],{"class":50},"words ",[44,3722,55],{"class":54},[44,3724,3273],{"class":58},[44,3726,2948],{"class":62},[44,3728,1209],{"class":66},[44,3730,2948],{"class":62},[44,3732,72],{"class":58},[44,3734,2943],{"class":62},[44,3736,1218],{"class":66},[44,3738,2948],{"class":62},[44,3740,72],{"class":58},[44,3742,2943],{"class":62},[44,3744,3745],{"class":66},"cherry",[44,3747,2948],{"class":62},[44,3749,3286],{"class":58},[44,3751,3752,3754,3756,3758,3760,3763],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3753,136],{"class":135},[44,3755,121],{"class":58},[44,3757,3365],{"class":135},[44,3759,121],{"class":58},[44,3761,3762],{"class":117},"words",[44,3764,244],{"class":58},[20,3766,247],{},[35,3768,3769],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3770,3771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3772,3773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3774,3629],{"class":3502},[20,3776,3777],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3779,3780],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[35,3782,3784],{"className":37,"code":3783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3785,3786,3814],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3787,3788,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800,3802,3804,3806,3808,3810,3812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3789,3720],{"class":50},[44,3791,55],{"class":54},[44,3793,3273],{"class":58},[44,3795,2948],{"class":62},[44,3797,1209],{"class":66},[44,3799,2948],{"class":62},[44,3801,72],{"class":58},[44,3803,3488],{"class":62},[44,3805,72],{"class":58},[44,3807,2943],{"class":62},[44,3809,3745],{"class":66},[44,3811,2948],{"class":62},[44,3813,3286],{"class":58},[44,3815,3816,3818,3820,3822,3824,3826],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3817,136],{"class":135},[44,3819,121],{"class":58},[44,3821,3365],{"class":135},[44,3823,121],{"class":58},[44,3825,3762],{"class":117},[44,3827,244],{"class":58},[20,3829,247],{},[35,3831,3832],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3833,3834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3835,3836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3837,3690],{"class":3502},[20,3839,3840,3841,3843],{},"The empty string ",[15,3842,3423],{}," is falsy.",[30,3845,3847,3848,3850],{"id":3846},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3849,3228],{}," works with conditions",[20,3852,3853,3855],{},[15,3854,3228],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3857,3858],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3860,3861],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[35,3863,3865],{"className":37,"code":3864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3866,3867,3887,3915,3919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3868,3869,3871,3873,3875,3877,3879,3881,3883,3885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3870,199],{"class":50},[44,3872,55],{"class":54},[44,3874,3273],{"class":58},[44,3876,1133],{"class":206},[44,3878,72],{"class":58},[44,3880,488],{"class":206},[44,3882,72],{"class":58},[44,3884,524],{"class":206},[44,3886,3286],{"class":58},[44,3888,3889,3891,3893,3895,3897,3899,3902,3904,3906,3908,3910,3913],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3890,604],{"class":50},[44,3892,55],{"class":54},[44,3894,3295],{"class":135},[44,3896,121],{"class":58},[44,3898,2670],{"class":117},[44,3900,3901],{"class":54},">",[44,3903,3483],{"class":206},[44,3905,3527],{"class":805},[44,3907,3530],{"class":117},[44,3909,1383],{"class":805},[44,3911,3912],{"class":117}," numbers",[44,3914,100],{"class":58},[44,3916,3917],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3918,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,3920,3921,3923,3925,3927],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,3922,136],{"class":135},[44,3924,121],{"class":58},[44,3926,632],{"class":117},[44,3928,100],{"class":58},[20,3930,247],{},[35,3932,3933],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,3934,3935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3936,3937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3938,3629],{"class":3502},[20,3940,3941],{},"Here is one that fails:",[35,3943,3945],{"className":37,"code":3944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3946,3947,3969,3995,3999],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,3948,3949,3951,3953,3955,3957,3959,3961,3963,3965,3967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,3950,199],{"class":50},[44,3952,55],{"class":54},[44,3954,3273],{"class":58},[44,3956,1133],{"class":206},[44,3958,72],{"class":58},[44,3960,1870],{"class":54},[44,3962,1137],{"class":206},[44,3964,72],{"class":58},[44,3966,524],{"class":206},[44,3968,3286],{"class":58},[44,3970,3971,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981,3983,3985,3987,3989,3991,3993],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,3972,604],{"class":50},[44,3974,55],{"class":54},[44,3976,3295],{"class":135},[44,3978,121],{"class":58},[44,3980,2670],{"class":117},[44,3982,3901],{"class":54},[44,3984,3483],{"class":206},[44,3986,3527],{"class":805},[44,3988,3530],{"class":117},[44,3990,1383],{"class":805},[44,3992,3912],{"class":117},[44,3994,100],{"class":58},[44,3996,3997],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,3998,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,4000,4001,4003,4005,4007],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,4002,136],{"class":135},[44,4004,121],{"class":58},[44,4006,632],{"class":117},[44,4008,100],{"class":58},[20,4010,247],{},[35,4012,4013],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4014,4015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4016,4017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4018,3690],{"class":3502},[20,4020,4021,4022,4025,4026,4028,4029,2044,4031,114],{},"The expression ",[15,4023,4024],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4027,3254],{},", then ",[15,4030,3228],{},[15,4032,3254],{},[20,4034,4035],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4037,4038,4039,898,4043,114],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[270,4040,4042],{"href":4041},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[270,4044,4046],{"href":4045},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[30,4048,4050],{"id":4049},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4052,4053,2044,4055,114],{},[15,4054,3251],{},[15,4056,3254],{},[20,4058,4059],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4061,189],{},[35,4063,4065],{"className":37,"code":4064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4066,4067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4068,4069,4071,4073,4075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4070,136],{"class":135},[44,4072,121],{"class":58},[44,4074,3365],{"class":135},[44,4076,4077],{"class":58},"([]))\n",[20,4079,247],{},[35,4081,4082],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4083,4084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4085,4086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4087,3629],{"class":3502},[20,4089,4090],{},"Why?",[20,4092,4093],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4095,4096],{},"Think of it this way:",[169,4098,4099,4106,4109],{},[172,4100,4101,2044,4103,4105],{},[15,4102,3228],{},[15,4104,3324],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[172,4107,4108],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[172,4110,4111,4112],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4113,3324],{},[20,4115,4116],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4118,4119],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[35,4121,4123],{"className":37,"code":4122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4124,4125,4136],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4126,4127,4129,4131,4133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4128,136],{"class":135},[44,4130,121],{"class":58},[44,4132,3365],{"class":135},[44,4134,4135],{"class":58},"(()))\n",[44,4137,4138,4140,4142,4144,4146,4148],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4139,136],{"class":135},[44,4141,121],{"class":58},[44,4143,3365],{"class":135},[44,4145,121],{"class":58},[44,4147,3423],{"class":62},[44,4149,244],{"class":58},[20,4151,247],{},[35,4153,4155],{"className":37,"code":4154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4156,4157,4161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4158,4159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4160,3629],{"class":3502},[44,4162,4163],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4164,3629],{"class":3502},[30,4166,4168],{"id":4167},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[338,4170,4172],{"id":4171},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4174,4175],{},"This is wrong:",[35,4177,4179],{"className":37,"code":4178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4180,4181,4186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4182,4183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4184,4185],{"class":147},"# Wrong\n",[44,4187,4188],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4189,4190],{"class":147},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4192,4193,4195],{},[15,4194,3228],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4197,4198],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[35,4200,4202],{"className":37,"code":4201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4203,4204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4205,4206,4208,4210,4212,4214,4216,4218,4220,4222,4224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4207,136],{"class":135},[44,4209,121],{"class":58},[44,4211,3365],{"class":135},[44,4213,2631],{"class":58},[44,4215,1133],{"class":206},[44,4217,72],{"class":58},[44,4219,488],{"class":206},[44,4221,72],{"class":58},[44,4223,524],{"class":206},[44,4225,2644],{"class":58},[338,4227,4229,4230,4232],{"id":4228},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4231,3228],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4234,4235],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[35,4237,4239],{"className":37,"code":4238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4240,4241,4261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4242,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255,4257,4259],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4244,199],{"class":50},[44,4246,55],{"class":54},[44,4248,3273],{"class":58},[44,4250,929],{"class":206},[44,4252,72],{"class":58},[44,4254,939],{"class":206},[44,4256,72],{"class":58},[44,4258,939],{"class":206},[44,4260,3286],{"class":58},[44,4262,4263,4265,4267,4269,4271,4273],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4264,136],{"class":135},[44,4266,121],{"class":58},[44,4268,3365],{"class":135},[44,4270,121],{"class":58},[44,4272,232],{"class":117},[44,4274,244],{"class":58},[20,4276,4277,4278,4280],{},"This does ",[367,4279,881],{}," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4282,4283,4284,4286],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4285,929],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[35,4288,4289],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4290,4291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4292,4293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4294,3629],{"class":3502},[20,4296,4297],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[35,4299,4301],{"className":37,"code":4300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4302,4303,4323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4304,4305,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4306,199],{"class":50},[44,4308,55],{"class":54},[44,4310,3273],{"class":58},[44,4312,929],{"class":206},[44,4314,72],{"class":58},[44,4316,939],{"class":206},[44,4318,72],{"class":58},[44,4320,939],{"class":206},[44,4322,3286],{"class":58},[44,4324,4325,4327,4329,4331,4333,4335,4338,4340,4342,4344,4346,4348],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4326,136],{"class":135},[44,4328,121],{"class":58},[44,4330,3365],{"class":135},[44,4332,121],{"class":58},[44,4334,2670],{"class":117},[44,4336,4337],{"class":54},"==",[44,4339,939],{"class":206},[44,4341,3527],{"class":805},[44,4343,3530],{"class":117},[44,4345,1383],{"class":805},[44,4347,3912],{"class":117},[44,4349,244],{"class":58},[338,4351,4353,4354,4356],{"id":4352},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4355,186],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[35,4358,4360],{"className":37,"code":4359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4361,4362,4388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4363,4364,4366,4368,4370,4372,4374,4376,4378,4380,4382,4385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4365,136],{"class":135},[44,4367,121],{"class":58},[44,4369,3365],{"class":135},[44,4371,2631],{"class":58},[44,4373,1133],{"class":206},[44,4375,72],{"class":58},[44,4377,488],{"class":206},[44,4379,72],{"class":58},[44,4381,3483],{"class":206},[44,4383,4384],{"class":58},"]))",[44,4386,4387],{"class":147},"       # False\n",[44,4389,4390,4392,4394,4396,4398,4400,4402,4404,4406,4408,4410,4412,4414,4416,4418],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4391,136],{"class":135},[44,4393,121],{"class":58},[44,4395,3365],{"class":135},[44,4397,2631],{"class":58},[44,4399,2948],{"class":62},[44,4401,270],{"class":66},[44,4403,2948],{"class":62},[44,4405,72],{"class":58},[44,4407,2943],{"class":62},[44,4409,399],{"class":66},[44,4411,2948],{"class":62},[44,4413,72],{"class":58},[44,4415,3488],{"class":62},[44,4417,4384],{"class":58},[44,4419,4420],{"class":147},"  # False\n",[20,4422,4423,4424,114],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4425,3324],{},[338,4427,4429,4430,365,4432],{"id":4428},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4431,3251],{},[15,4433,3254],{},[20,4435,4436],{},"This is expected behavior:",[35,4438,4440],{"className":37,"code":4439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4441,4442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4443,4444,4446,4448,4450,4453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4445,136],{"class":135},[44,4447,121],{"class":58},[44,4449,3365],{"class":135},[44,4451,4452],{"class":58},"([]))",[44,4454,3314],{"class":147},[20,4456,4457,4458,4460],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4459,3254],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4462,4463],{},"Useful quick tests:",[35,4465,4467],{"className":37,"code":4466,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4468,4469,4491,4513,4560,4596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4470,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4472,136],{"class":135},[44,4474,121],{"class":58},[44,4476,3365],{"class":135},[44,4478,2631],{"class":58},[44,4480,1133],{"class":206},[44,4482,72],{"class":58},[44,4484,488],{"class":206},[44,4486,72],{"class":58},[44,4488,524],{"class":206},[44,4490,2644],{"class":58},[44,4492,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501,4503,4505,4507,4509,4511],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4494,136],{"class":135},[44,4496,121],{"class":58},[44,4498,3365],{"class":135},[44,4500,2631],{"class":58},[44,4502,1133],{"class":206},[44,4504,72],{"class":58},[44,4506,3483],{"class":206},[44,4508,72],{"class":58},[44,4510,524],{"class":206},[44,4512,2644],{"class":58},[44,4514,4515,4517,4519,4521,4523,4525,4527,4529,4531,4533,4535,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,4516,136],{"class":135},[44,4518,2631],{"class":58},[44,4520,3518],{"class":2546},[44,4522,121],{"class":58},[44,4524,1823],{"class":117},[44,4526,144],{"class":58},[44,4528,3527],{"class":805},[44,4530,3530],{"class":117},[44,4532,1383],{"class":805},[44,4534,3273],{"class":58},[44,4536,1133],{"class":206},[44,4538,72],{"class":58},[44,4540,3483],{"class":206},[44,4542,72],{"class":58},[44,4544,3488],{"class":62},[44,4546,72],{"class":58},[44,4548,2943],{"class":62},[44,4550,3495],{"class":66},[44,4552,2948],{"class":62},[44,4554,72],{"class":58},[44,4556,3503],{"class":3502},[44,4558,4559],{"class":58},"]])\n",[44,4561,4562,4564,4566,4568,4570,4572,4574,4576,4578,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590,4592,4594],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,4563,136],{"class":135},[44,4565,121],{"class":58},[44,4567,3365],{"class":135},[44,4569,121],{"class":58},[44,4571,2670],{"class":117},[44,4573,3901],{"class":54},[44,4575,3483],{"class":206},[44,4577,3527],{"class":805},[44,4579,3530],{"class":117},[44,4581,1383],{"class":805},[44,4583,3273],{"class":58},[44,4585,1133],{"class":206},[44,4587,72],{"class":58},[44,4589,488],{"class":206},[44,4591,72],{"class":58},[44,4593,524],{"class":206},[44,4595,2644],{"class":58},[44,4597,4598,4600,4602,4604],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,4599,136],{"class":135},[44,4601,121],{"class":58},[44,4603,3365],{"class":135},[44,4605,4077],{"class":58},[30,4607,4609,4610],{"id":4608},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4611,3228],{},[20,4613,4614,4616],{},[15,4615,3228],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4618,4619],{},"Common use cases:",[169,4621,4622,4625,4628],{},[172,4623,4624],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[172,4626,4627],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[172,4629,4630],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4632,4633],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[35,4635,4637],{"className":37,"code":4636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4638,4639,4675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4640,4641,4644,4646,4648,4650,4653,4655,4657,4659,4662,4664,4666,4668,4671,4673],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4642,4643],{"class":50},"names ",[44,4645,55],{"class":54},[44,4647,3273],{"class":58},[44,4649,2948],{"class":62},[44,4651,4652],{"class":66},"Alice",[44,4654,2948],{"class":62},[44,4656,72],{"class":58},[44,4658,2943],{"class":62},[44,4660,4661],{"class":66},"Bob",[44,4663,2948],{"class":62},[44,4665,72],{"class":58},[44,4667,2943],{"class":62},[44,4669,4670],{"class":66},"Charlie",[44,4672,2948],{"class":62},[44,4674,3286],{"class":58},[44,4676,4677,4679,4681,4683,4685,4688],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4678,136],{"class":135},[44,4680,121],{"class":58},[44,4682,3365],{"class":135},[44,4684,121],{"class":58},[44,4686,4687],{"class":117},"names",[44,4689,244],{"class":58},[20,4691,247],{},[35,4693,4694],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4695,4696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4697,4698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4699,3629],{"class":3502},[20,4701,4702],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[35,4704,4706],{"className":37,"code":4705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4707,4708,4732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4709,4710,4713,4715,4717,4720,4722,4725,4727,4730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4711,4712],{"class":50},"scores ",[44,4714,55],{"class":54},[44,4716,3273],{"class":58},[44,4718,4719],{"class":206},"75",[44,4721,72],{"class":58},[44,4723,4724],{"class":206}," 80",[44,4726,72],{"class":58},[44,4728,4729],{"class":206}," 50",[44,4731,3286],{"class":58},[44,4733,4734,4736,4738,4740,4742,4745,4748,4750,4752,4755,4757,4760],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4735,136],{"class":135},[44,4737,121],{"class":58},[44,4739,3365],{"class":135},[44,4741,121],{"class":58},[44,4743,4744],{"class":117},"score ",[44,4746,4747],{"class":54},">=",[44,4749,4729],{"class":206},[44,4751,3527],{"class":805},[44,4753,4754],{"class":117}," score ",[44,4756,1383],{"class":805},[44,4758,4759],{"class":117}," scores",[44,4761,244],{"class":58},[20,4763,247],{},[35,4765,4766],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,4767,4768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4769,4770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4771,3629],{"class":3502},[20,4773,4774],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4776,4777,4778,898,4782,114],{},"For related tasks, see ",[270,4779,4781],{"href":4780},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[270,4783,4785],{"href":4784},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[30,4787,1497],{"id":1496},[338,4789,1501,4791,4793],{"id":4790},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4792,3228],{}," return in Python?",[20,4795,4796,4797,4799,4800,4802],{},"It returns ",[15,4798,3254],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4801,3324],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[338,4804,4806,4807,4809,4810,1547],{"id":4805},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[15,4808,3251],{}," return ",[15,4811,3254],{},[20,4813,4814],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[338,4816,4818,4819,4821],{"id":4817},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[15,4820,3228],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4823,4824],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[338,4826,4828,4829,898,4831,1547],{"id":4827},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,4830,3228],{},[15,4832,4833],{},"any()",[20,4835,4836,4838,4839,4841,4842,114],{},[15,4837,3228],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4840,4833],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[270,4843,3225,4845,3158],{"href":4844},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4846,4833],{},[30,4848,1554],{"id":1553},[169,4850,4851,4857,4861,4866,4871,4876],{},[172,4852,4853],{},[270,4854,3225,4855,3158],{"href":4844},[15,4856,4833],{},[172,4858,4859],{},[270,4860,3457],{"href":3456},[172,4862,4863],{},[270,4864,4865],{"href":4784},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[172,4867,4868],{},[270,4869,4870],{"href":4780},"How to filter a list in Python",[172,4872,4873],{},[270,4874,4875],{"href":4041},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[172,4877,4878],{},[270,4879,4880],{"href":4045},"What is an iterable in Python",[1583,4882,4883],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":4885},[4886,4887,4889,4890,4895,4897,4898,4907,4909,4919],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":3327,"depth":103,"text":4888},"What all() does",{"id":3378,"depth":103,"text":3379},{"id":3580,"depth":103,"text":3581,"children":4891},[4892,4893,4894],{"id":3584,"depth":132,"text":3585},{"id":3645,"depth":132,"text":3646},{"id":3709,"depth":132,"text":3710},{"id":3846,"depth":103,"text":4896},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4049,"depth":103,"text":4050},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":4899},[4900,4901,4903,4905],{"id":4171,"depth":132,"text":4172},{"id":4228,"depth":132,"text":4902},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4352,"depth":132,"text":4904},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4428,"depth":132,"text":4906},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4608,"depth":103,"text":4908},"When to use all()",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":4910},[4911,4913,4915,4917],{"id":4790,"depth":132,"text":4912},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4805,"depth":132,"text":4914},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4817,"depth":132,"text":4916},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4827,"depth":132,"text":4918},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3219,"description":4920},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4927,"title":4928,"body":4929,"description":6617,"extension":1616,"meta":6618,"navigation":434,"path":4844,"seo":6619,"stem":6620,"__hash__":6621},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4930,"toc":6595},[4931,4934,4942,4945,4962,4970,5012,5021,5025,5030,5033,5050,5053,5064,5076,5080,5083,5098,5103,5106,5118,5121,5205,5208,5229,5235,5237,5245,5259,5261,5295,5297,5300,5361,5363,5380,5383,5410,5412,5420,5432,5436,5439,5478,5480,5488,5490,5506,5514,5517,5560,5562,5570,5575,5579,5587,5590,5617,5620,5623,5696,5698,5706,5713,5737,5748,5751,5830,5832,5840,5847,5851,5856,5871,5873,5881,5884,5890,5893,5939,5941,5958,5962,5967,5978,5981,6095,6098,6157,6163,6165,6170,6174,6176,6195,6201,6204,6223,6227,6236,6263,6265,6273,6281,6285,6291,6314,6316,6324,6331,6335,6338,6389,6392,6443,6446,6448,6452,6459,6463,6470,6474,6482,6486,6489,6511,6513,6563,6565,6592],[10,4932,4928],{"id":4933},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4935,4936,4938,4939,114],{},[15,4937,4833],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[367,4940,4941],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4943,4944],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[169,4946,4947,4950,4953,4956,4959],{},[172,4948,4949],{},"lists",[172,4951,4952],{},"tuples",[172,4954,4955],{},"sets",[172,4957,4958],{},"strings",[172,4960,4961],{},"generator expressions",[20,4963,4964,4965,2522,4967,4969],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4966,3254],{},[15,4968,3324],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[35,4971,4973],{"className":37,"code":4972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4974,4975,4995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,4976,4977,4979,4981,4983,4985,4987,4989,4991,4993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,4978,922],{"class":50},[44,4980,55],{"class":54},[44,4982,3273],{"class":58},[44,4984,186],{"class":206},[44,4986,72],{"class":58},[44,4988,3488],{"class":62},[44,4990,72],{"class":58},[44,4992,939],{"class":206},[44,4994,3286],{"class":58},[44,4996,4997,4999,5001,5004,5006,5008,5010],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,4998,136],{"class":135},[44,5000,121],{"class":58},[44,5002,5003],{"class":135},"any",[44,5005,121],{"class":58},[44,5007,962],{"class":117},[44,5009,459],{"class":58},[44,5011,3314],{"class":147},[20,5013,651,5014,5017,5018,5020],{},[15,5015,5016],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5019,3254],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[30,5022,5024],{"id":5023},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5026,5027,5029],{},[15,5028,4833],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5031,5032],{},"It returns:",[169,5034,5035,5040,5045],{},[172,5036,5037,5039],{},[15,5038,3254],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[172,5041,5042,5044],{},[15,5043,3324],{}," if all items are falsy",[172,5046,5047,5049],{},[15,5048,3324],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5051,5052],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[169,5054,5055,5058,5061],{},[172,5056,5057],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[172,5059,5060],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[172,5062,5063],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5065,5066,5067,5070,5071,114],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[367,5068,5069],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[270,5072,5074],{"href":5073},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5075,3228],{},[30,5077,5079],{"id":5078},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5081,5082],{},"The syntax is simple:",[35,5084,5086],{"className":37,"code":5085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5087,5088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5089,5090,5092,5094,5096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5091,5003],{"class":135},[44,5093,121],{"class":58},[44,5095,3370],{"class":117},[44,5097,100],{"class":58},[20,5099,5100,5101,114],{},"The argument must be an ",[367,5102,3370],{},[20,5104,5105],{},"Common inputs include:",[169,5107,5108,5110,5112,5114,5116],{},[172,5109,4949],{},[172,5111,4952],{},[172,5113,4955],{},[172,5115,4958],{},[172,5117,4961],{},[20,5119,5120],{},"For example:",[35,5122,5124],{"className":37,"code":5123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5125,5126,5148,5167,5187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5127,5128,5130,5132,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5129,136],{"class":135},[44,5131,121],{"class":58},[44,5133,5003],{"class":135},[44,5135,2631],{"class":58},[44,5137,186],{"class":206},[44,5139,72],{"class":58},[44,5141,3483],{"class":206},[44,5143,72],{"class":58},[44,5145,519],{"class":206},[44,5147,2644],{"class":58},[44,5149,5150,5152,5154,5156,5159,5161,5163,5165],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5151,136],{"class":135},[44,5153,121],{"class":58},[44,5155,5003],{"class":135},[44,5157,5158],{"class":58},"((",[44,5160,3324],{"class":3502},[44,5162,72],{"class":58},[44,5164,3556],{"class":3502},[44,5166,2557],{"class":58},[44,5168,5169,5171,5173,5175,5178,5180,5182,5184],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5170,136],{"class":135},[44,5172,121],{"class":58},[44,5174,5003],{"class":135},[44,5176,5177],{"class":58},"({",[44,5179,186],{"class":206},[44,5181,72],{"class":58},[44,5183,488],{"class":206},[44,5185,5186],{"class":58},"}))\n",[44,5188,5189,5191,5193,5195,5197,5199,5201,5203],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,5190,136],{"class":135},[44,5192,121],{"class":58},[44,5194,5003],{"class":135},[44,5196,121],{"class":58},[44,5198,63],{"class":62},[44,5200,3495],{"class":66},[44,5202,63],{"class":62},[44,5204,244],{"class":58},[20,5206,5207],{},"Expected output:",[35,5209,5211],{"className":37,"code":5210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5212,5213,5217,5221,5225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5214,5215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5216,3629],{"class":3502},[44,5218,5219],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5220,3690],{"class":3502},[44,5222,5223],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5224,3629],{"class":3502},[44,5226,5227],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,5228,3629],{"class":3502},[20,5230,5231,5232,114],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[270,5233,4785],{"href":5234},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[30,5236,3379],{"id":3378},[20,5238,3382,5239,2522,5242,3387],{},[367,5240,5241],{},"truthy",[367,5243,5244],{},"falsy",[169,5246,5247,5253],{},[172,5248,5249,3395,5251],{},[367,5250,3394],{},[15,5252,3254],{},[172,5254,5255,3395,5257],{},[367,5256,3402],{},[15,5258,3324],{},[20,5260,3407],{},[169,5262,5263,5267,5271,5275,5279,5283,5287,5291],{},[172,5264,5265],{},[15,5266,3324],{},[172,5268,5269],{},[15,5270,186],{},[172,5272,5273],{},[15,5274,3418],{},[172,5276,5277],{},[15,5278,3423],{},[172,5280,5281],{},[15,5282,3437],{},[172,5284,5285],{},[15,5286,3442],{},[172,5288,5289],{},[15,5290,3447],{},[172,5292,5293],{},[15,5294,3428],{},[20,5296,3450],{},[20,5298,5299],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[35,5301,5303],{"className":37,"code":5302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5304,5305,5319,5337],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5306,5307,5309,5311,5313,5315,5317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5308,136],{"class":135},[44,5310,121],{"class":58},[44,5312,5003],{"class":135},[44,5314,2631],{"class":58},[44,5316,1133],{"class":206},[44,5318,2644],{"class":58},[44,5320,5321,5323,5325,5327,5329,5331,5333,5335],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5322,136],{"class":135},[44,5324,121],{"class":58},[44,5326,5003],{"class":135},[44,5328,2631],{"class":58},[44,5330,2948],{"class":62},[44,5332,3495],{"class":66},[44,5334,2948],{"class":62},[44,5336,2644],{"class":58},[44,5338,5339,5341,5343,5345,5348,5350,5352,5354,5356,5358],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5340,136],{"class":135},[44,5342,121],{"class":58},[44,5344,5003],{"class":135},[44,5346,5347],{"class":58},"([[",[44,5349,1133],{"class":206},[44,5351,72],{"class":58},[44,5353,488],{"class":206},[44,5355,72],{"class":58},[44,5357,524],{"class":206},[44,5359,5360],{"class":58},"]]))\n",[20,5362,5207],{},[35,5364,5366],{"className":37,"code":5365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5367,5368,5372,5376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5369,5370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5371,3629],{"class":3502},[44,5373,5374],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5375,3629],{"class":3502},[44,5377,5378],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5379,3629],{"class":3502},[20,5381,5382],{},"And these are all falsy:",[35,5384,5386],{"className":37,"code":5385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5387,5388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5389,5390,5392,5394,5396,5398,5400,5402,5404,5406,5408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5391,136],{"class":135},[44,5393,121],{"class":58},[44,5395,5003],{"class":135},[44,5397,2631],{"class":58},[44,5399,186],{"class":206},[44,5401,72],{"class":58},[44,5403,3488],{"class":62},[44,5405,72],{"class":58},[44,5407,3503],{"class":3502},[44,5409,2644],{"class":58},[20,5411,5207],{},[35,5413,5414],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5415,5416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5417,5418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5419,3690],{"class":3502},[20,5421,5422,5423,898,5426,114],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[270,5424,3457],{"href":5425},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[270,5427,5429,5431],{"href":5428},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5430,3463],{}," explained",[30,5433,5435],{"id":5434},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5437,5438],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[35,5440,5442],{"className":37,"code":5441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5443,5444,5464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5445,5446,5448,5450,5452,5454,5456,5458,5460,5462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5447,922],{"class":50},[44,5449,55],{"class":54},[44,5451,3273],{"class":58},[44,5453,186],{"class":206},[44,5455,72],{"class":58},[44,5457,3488],{"class":62},[44,5459,72],{"class":58},[44,5461,939],{"class":206},[44,5463,3286],{"class":58},[44,5465,5466,5468,5470,5472,5474,5476],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5467,136],{"class":135},[44,5469,121],{"class":58},[44,5471,5003],{"class":135},[44,5473,121],{"class":58},[44,5475,962],{"class":117},[44,5477,244],{"class":58},[20,5479,247],{},[35,5481,5482],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5483,5484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5485,5486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5487,3629],{"class":3502},[20,5489,4090],{},[169,5491,5492,5497,5501],{},[172,5493,5494,5496],{},[15,5495,186],{}," is falsy",[172,5498,5499,5496],{},[15,5500,3423],{},[172,5502,5503,5505],{},[15,5504,929],{}," is truthy",[20,5507,5508,5509,2044,5512,114],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5510,5511],{},"any(values)",[15,5513,3254],{},[20,5515,5516],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[35,5518,5520],{"className":37,"code":5519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5521,5522,5546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5523,5524,5526,5528,5530,5532,5534,5536,5538,5540,5542,5544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5525,922],{"class":50},[44,5527,55],{"class":54},[44,5529,3273],{"class":58},[44,5531,186],{"class":206},[44,5533,72],{"class":58},[44,5535,3488],{"class":62},[44,5537,72],{"class":58},[44,5539,3503],{"class":3502},[44,5541,72],{"class":58},[44,5543,3556],{"class":3502},[44,5545,3286],{"class":58},[44,5547,5548,5550,5552,5554,5556,5558],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5549,136],{"class":135},[44,5551,121],{"class":58},[44,5553,5003],{"class":135},[44,5555,121],{"class":58},[44,5557,962],{"class":117},[44,5559,244],{"class":58},[20,5561,247],{},[35,5563,5564],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5565,5566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5567,5568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5569,3690],{"class":3502},[20,5571,5572,5573,114],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5574,3324],{},[30,5576,5578],{"id":5577},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5580,5581,5583,5584,114],{},[15,5582,4833],{}," is often used with a ",[367,5585,5586],{},"generator expression",[20,5588,5589],{},"This is a common pattern:",[35,5591,5593],{"className":37,"code":5592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5594,5595],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5596,5597,5599,5601,5604,5607,5610,5612,5615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5598,5003],{"class":135},[44,5600,121],{"class":58},[44,5602,5603],{"class":117},"condition ",[44,5605,5606],{"class":805},"for",[44,5608,5609],{"class":117}," item ",[44,5611,1383],{"class":805},[44,5613,5614],{"class":117}," items",[44,5616,100],{"class":58},[20,5618,5619],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5621,5622],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[35,5624,5626],{"className":37,"code":5625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5627,5628,5655,5659,5686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5629,5630,5632,5634,5636,5638,5640,5643,5645,5647,5649,5651,5653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5631,199],{"class":50},[44,5633,55],{"class":54},[44,5635,3273],{"class":58},[44,5637,1145],{"class":206},[44,5639,72],{"class":58},[44,5641,5642],{"class":206}," 7",[44,5644,72],{"class":58},[44,5646,1870],{"class":54},[44,5648,1137],{"class":206},[44,5650,72],{"class":58},[44,5652,934],{"class":206},[44,5654,3286],{"class":58},[44,5656,5657],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5658,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,5660,5661,5663,5665,5668,5670,5672,5674,5676,5678,5680,5682,5684],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5662,604],{"class":50},[44,5664,55],{"class":54},[44,5666,5667],{"class":135}," any",[44,5669,121],{"class":58},[44,5671,2670],{"class":117},[44,5673,2937],{"class":54},[44,5675,3483],{"class":206},[44,5677,3527],{"class":805},[44,5679,3530],{"class":117},[44,5681,1383],{"class":805},[44,5683,3912],{"class":117},[44,5685,100],{"class":58},[44,5687,5688,5690,5692,5694],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,5689,136],{"class":135},[44,5691,121],{"class":58},[44,5693,632],{"class":117},[44,5695,100],{"class":58},[20,5697,247],{},[35,5699,5700],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5701,5702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5703,5704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5705,3629],{"class":3502},[20,5707,5708,5709,5712],{},"This works because ",[15,5710,5711],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[169,5714,5715,5723,5730],{},[172,5716,5717,5720,5721],{},[15,5718,5719],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5722,3324],{},[172,5724,5725,5720,5728],{},[15,5726,5727],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5729,3324],{},[172,5731,5732,5720,5735],{},[15,5733,5734],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5736,3254],{},[20,5738,5739,5740,5742,5743,5745,5746,114],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5741,3254],{}," result, ",[15,5744,4833],{}," can return ",[15,5747,3254],{},[20,5749,5750],{},"Here is another example:",[35,5752,5754],{"className":37,"code":5753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5755,5756,5785,5789,5819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5757,5758,5760,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5775,5777,5779,5781,5783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5759,3720],{"class":50},[44,5761,55],{"class":54},[44,5763,3273],{"class":58},[44,5765,63],{"class":62},[44,5767,1209],{"class":66},[44,5769,63],{"class":62},[44,5771,72],{"class":58},[44,5773,5774],{"class":62}," \"\"",[44,5776,72],{"class":58},[44,5778,75],{"class":62},[44,5780,1218],{"class":66},[44,5782,63],{"class":62},[44,5784,3286],{"class":58},[44,5786,5787],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5788,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,5790,5791,5794,5796,5798,5800,5803,5805,5807,5809,5812,5814,5817],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5792,5793],{"class":50},"has_empty_string ",[44,5795,55],{"class":54},[44,5797,5667],{"class":135},[44,5799,121],{"class":58},[44,5801,5802],{"class":117},"word ",[44,5804,4337],{"class":54},[44,5806,5774],{"class":62},[44,5808,3527],{"class":805},[44,5810,5811],{"class":117}," word ",[44,5813,1383],{"class":805},[44,5815,5816],{"class":117}," words",[44,5818,100],{"class":58},[44,5820,5821,5823,5825,5828],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,5822,136],{"class":135},[44,5824,121],{"class":58},[44,5826,5827],{"class":117},"has_empty_string",[44,5829,100],{"class":58},[20,5831,247],{},[35,5833,5834],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5835,5836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5837,5838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5839,3629],{"class":3502},[20,5841,5842,5843,114],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[270,5844,5846],{"href":5845},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[30,5848,5850],{"id":5849},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5852,5853,5854,1155],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5855,3324],{},[35,5857,5859],{"className":37,"code":5858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5860,5861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5862,5863,5865,5867,5869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5864,136],{"class":135},[44,5866,121],{"class":58},[44,5868,5003],{"class":135},[44,5870,4077],{"class":58},[20,5872,247],{},[35,5874,5875],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,5876,5877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5878,5879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5880,3690],{"class":3502},[20,5882,5883],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5885,5886,5887,5889],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5888,4833],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5891,5892],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[35,5894,5896],{"className":37,"code":5895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5897,5898,5908,5923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5899,5900,5902,5904,5906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5901,136],{"class":135},[44,5903,121],{"class":58},[44,5905,5003],{"class":135},[44,5907,4135],{"class":58},[44,5909,5910,5912,5914,5916,5918,5921],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5911,136],{"class":135},[44,5913,121],{"class":58},[44,5915,5003],{"class":135},[44,5917,121],{"class":58},[44,5919,5920],{"class":62},"\"\"",[44,5922,244],{"class":58},[44,5924,5925,5927,5929,5931,5933,5936],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5926,136],{"class":135},[44,5928,121],{"class":58},[44,5930,5003],{"class":135},[44,5932,121],{"class":58},[44,5934,5935],{"class":2546},"set",[44,5937,5938],{"class":58},"()))\n",[20,5940,247],{},[35,5942,5944],{"className":37,"code":5943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5945,5946,5950,5954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5947,5948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5949,3690],{"class":3502},[44,5951,5952],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,5953,3690],{"class":3502},[44,5955,5956],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,5957,3690],{"class":3502},[30,5959,5961],{"id":5960},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5963,651,5964,5966],{},[15,5965,4833],{}," when you want to:",[169,5968,5969,5972,5975],{},[172,5970,5971],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[172,5973,5974],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[172,5976,5977],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5979,5980],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[35,5982,5984],{"className":37,"code":5983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5985,5986,6011,6015,6025,6029,6042,6061,6072,6078,6083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,5987,5988,5990,5992,5994,5996,5998,6000,6002,6004,6006,6009],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,5989,199],{"class":50},[44,5991,55],{"class":54},[44,5993,3273],{"class":58},[44,5995,1133],{"class":206},[44,5997,72],{"class":58},[44,5999,524],{"class":206},[44,6001,72],{"class":58},[44,6003,939],{"class":206},[44,6005,72],{"class":58},[44,6007,6008],{"class":206}," 8",[44,6010,3286],{"class":58},[44,6012,6013],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6014,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,6016,6017,6020,6022],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6018,6019],{"class":50},"found_even ",[44,6021,55],{"class":54},[44,6023,6024],{"class":3502}," False\n",[44,6026,6027],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,6028,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,6030,6031,6033,6036,6038,6040],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,6032,5606],{"class":805},[44,6034,6035],{"class":50}," number ",[44,6037,1383],{"class":805},[44,6039,3912],{"class":50},[44,6041,820],{"class":58},[44,6043,6044,6047,6049,6052,6054,6057,6059],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,6045,6046],{"class":805},"    if",[44,6048,6035],{"class":50},[44,6050,6051],{"class":54},"%",[44,6053,488],{"class":206},[44,6055,6056],{"class":54}," ==",[44,6058,3483],{"class":206},[44,6060,820],{"class":58},[44,6062,6064,6067,6069],{"class":46,"line":6063},7,[44,6065,6066],{"class":50},"        found_even ",[44,6068,55],{"class":54},[44,6070,6071],{"class":3502}," True\n",[44,6073,6075],{"class":46,"line":6074},8,[44,6076,6077],{"class":805},"        break\n",[44,6079,6081],{"class":46,"line":6080},9,[44,6082,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,6084,6086,6088,6090,6093],{"class":46,"line":6085},10,[44,6087,136],{"class":135},[44,6089,121],{"class":58},[44,6091,6092],{"class":117},"found_even",[44,6094,100],{"class":58},[20,6096,6097],{},"You can write:",[35,6099,6101],{"className":37,"code":6100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6102,6103,6127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6104,6105,6107,6109,6111,6113,6115,6117,6119,6121,6123,6125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6106,199],{"class":50},[44,6108,55],{"class":54},[44,6110,3273],{"class":58},[44,6112,1133],{"class":206},[44,6114,72],{"class":58},[44,6116,524],{"class":206},[44,6118,72],{"class":58},[44,6120,939],{"class":206},[44,6122,72],{"class":58},[44,6124,6008],{"class":206},[44,6126,3286],{"class":58},[44,6128,6129,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139,6141,6143,6145,6147,6149,6151,6153,6155],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6130,136],{"class":135},[44,6132,121],{"class":58},[44,6134,5003],{"class":135},[44,6136,121],{"class":58},[44,6138,1865],{"class":117},[44,6140,6051],{"class":54},[44,6142,488],{"class":206},[44,6144,6056],{"class":54},[44,6146,3483],{"class":206},[44,6148,3527],{"class":805},[44,6150,6035],{"class":117},[44,6152,1383],{"class":805},[44,6154,3912],{"class":117},[44,6156,244],{"class":58},[20,6158,6159,6160,6162],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6161,4833],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[30,6164,4168],{"id":4167},[20,6166,6167,6168,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6169,4833],{},[338,6171,6173],{"id":6172},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6175,4175],{},[35,6177,6179],{"className":37,"code":6178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6180,6181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6182,6183,6185,6187,6189,6191,6193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6184,136],{"class":135},[44,6186,121],{"class":58},[44,6188,5003],{"class":135},[44,6190,121],{"class":58},[44,6192,929],{"class":206},[44,6194,244],{"class":58},[20,6196,6197,6198,6200],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6199,929],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6202,6203],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[35,6205,6207],{"className":37,"code":6206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6208,6209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6210,6211,6213,6215,6217,6219,6221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6212,136],{"class":135},[44,6214,121],{"class":58},[44,6216,5003],{"class":135},[44,6218,2631],{"class":58},[44,6220,929],{"class":206},[44,6222,2644],{"class":58},[338,6224,6226],{"id":6225},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6228,6229,6231,6232,6235],{},[15,6230,4833],{}," needs only ",[367,6233,6234],{},"one"," truthy item.",[35,6237,6239],{"className":37,"code":6238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6240,6241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6242,6243,6245,6247,6249,6251,6253,6255,6257,6259,6261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6244,136],{"class":135},[44,6246,121],{"class":58},[44,6248,5003],{"class":135},[44,6250,2631],{"class":58},[44,6252,3324],{"class":3502},[44,6254,72],{"class":58},[44,6256,3556],{"class":3502},[44,6258,72],{"class":58},[44,6260,3565],{"class":3502},[44,6262,2644],{"class":58},[20,6264,247],{},[35,6266,6267],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6268,6269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6270,6271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6272,3629],{"class":3502},[20,6274,6275,6276,6280],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[270,6277,6278],{"href":5073},[15,6279,3228],{}," instead.",[338,6282,6284],{"id":6283},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6286,6287,6288,114],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6289,6290],{},"\"True\"",[35,6292,6294],{"className":37,"code":6293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6295,6296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6297,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306,6308,6310,6312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6299,136],{"class":135},[44,6301,121],{"class":58},[44,6303,5003],{"class":135},[44,6305,2631],{"class":58},[44,6307,63],{"class":62},[44,6309,3324],{"class":66},[44,6311,63],{"class":62},[44,6313,2644],{"class":58},[20,6315,247],{},[35,6317,6318],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6319,6320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6321,6322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6323,3629],{"class":3502},[20,6325,6326,6327,6330],{},"That is because ",[15,6328,6329],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[338,6332,6334],{"id":6333},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6336,6337],{},"This works:",[35,6339,6341],{"className":37,"code":6340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6342,6343,6363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6344,6345,6347,6349,6351,6353,6355,6357,6359,6361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6346,199],{"class":50},[44,6348,55],{"class":54},[44,6350,3273],{"class":58},[44,6352,1133],{"class":206},[44,6354,72],{"class":58},[44,6356,488],{"class":206},[44,6358,72],{"class":58},[44,6360,524],{"class":206},[44,6362,3286],{"class":58},[44,6364,6365,6367,6369,6371,6373,6375,6377,6379,6381,6383,6385,6387],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6366,136],{"class":135},[44,6368,121],{"class":58},[44,6370,5003],{"class":135},[44,6372,2631],{"class":58},[44,6374,2670],{"class":117},[44,6376,3901],{"class":54},[44,6378,488],{"class":206},[44,6380,3527],{"class":805},[44,6382,3530],{"class":117},[44,6384,1383],{"class":805},[44,6386,3912],{"class":117},[44,6388,2644],{"class":58},[20,6390,6391],{},"But this is usually better:",[35,6393,6395],{"className":37,"code":6394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6396,6397,6417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6398,6399,6401,6403,6405,6407,6409,6411,6413,6415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6400,199],{"class":50},[44,6402,55],{"class":54},[44,6404,3273],{"class":58},[44,6406,1133],{"class":206},[44,6408,72],{"class":58},[44,6410,488],{"class":206},[44,6412,72],{"class":58},[44,6414,524],{"class":206},[44,6416,3286],{"class":58},[44,6418,6419,6421,6423,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6420,136],{"class":135},[44,6422,121],{"class":58},[44,6424,5003],{"class":135},[44,6426,121],{"class":58},[44,6428,2670],{"class":117},[44,6430,3901],{"class":54},[44,6432,488],{"class":206},[44,6434,3527],{"class":805},[44,6436,3530],{"class":117},[44,6438,1383],{"class":805},[44,6440,3912],{"class":117},[44,6442,244],{"class":58},[20,6444,6445],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[30,6447,1497],{"id":1496},[338,6449,6451],{"id":6450},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6453,4796,6454,6456,6457,114],{},[15,6455,3254],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6458,3324],{},[338,6460,6462],{"id":6461},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6464,6465,2044,6467,6469],{},[15,6466,4833],{},[15,6468,3324],{}," for an empty iterable.",[338,6471,6473],{"id":6472},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6475,6476,6478,6479,6481],{},[15,6477,4833],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6480,3228],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[338,6483,6485],{"id":6484},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6487,6488],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[35,6490,6491],{"className":37,"code":5592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6492,6493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6494,6495,6497,6499,6501,6503,6505,6507,6509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6496,5003],{"class":135},[44,6498,121],{"class":58},[44,6500,5603],{"class":117},[44,6502,5606],{"class":805},[44,6504,5609],{"class":117},[44,6506,1383],{"class":805},[44,6508,5614],{"class":117},[44,6510,100],{"class":58},[20,6512,5120],{},[35,6514,6515],{"className":37,"code":6394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6516,6517,6537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6518,6519,6521,6523,6525,6527,6529,6531,6533,6535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6520,199],{"class":50},[44,6522,55],{"class":54},[44,6524,3273],{"class":58},[44,6526,1133],{"class":206},[44,6528,72],{"class":58},[44,6530,488],{"class":206},[44,6532,72],{"class":58},[44,6534,524],{"class":206},[44,6536,3286],{"class":58},[44,6538,6539,6541,6543,6545,6547,6549,6551,6553,6555,6557,6559,6561],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6540,136],{"class":135},[44,6542,121],{"class":58},[44,6544,5003],{"class":135},[44,6546,121],{"class":58},[44,6548,2670],{"class":117},[44,6550,3901],{"class":54},[44,6552,488],{"class":206},[44,6554,3527],{"class":805},[44,6556,3530],{"class":117},[44,6558,1383],{"class":805},[44,6560,3912],{"class":117},[44,6562,244],{"class":58},[30,6564,1554],{"id":1553},[169,6566,6567,6573,6577,6581,6586],{},[172,6568,6569],{},[270,6570,6571,3158],{"href":5073},[15,6572,3228],{},[172,6574,6575],{},[270,6576,3457],{"href":5425},[172,6578,6579],{},[270,6580,4865],{"href":5234},[172,6582,6583],{},[270,6584,6585],{"href":5845},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[172,6587,6588],{},[270,6589,6590,3158],{"href":5428},[15,6591,3463],{},[1583,6593,6594],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":6596},[6597,6598,6599,6600,6601,6602,6603,6604,6610,6616],{"id":5023,"depth":103,"text":5024},{"id":5078,"depth":103,"text":5079},{"id":3378,"depth":103,"text":3379},{"id":5434,"depth":103,"text":5435},{"id":5577,"depth":103,"text":5578},{"id":5849,"depth":103,"text":5850},{"id":5960,"depth":103,"text":5961},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":6605},[6606,6607,6608,6609],{"id":6172,"depth":132,"text":6173},{"id":6225,"depth":132,"text":6226},{"id":6283,"depth":132,"text":6284},{"id":6333,"depth":132,"text":6334},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":6611},[6612,6613,6614,6615],{"id":6450,"depth":132,"text":6451},{"id":6461,"depth":132,"text":6462},{"id":6472,"depth":132,"text":6473},{"id":6484,"depth":132,"text":6485},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4928,"description":6617},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6623,"title":6624,"body":6625,"description":8754,"extension":1616,"meta":8755,"navigation":434,"path":8756,"seo":8757,"stem":8758,"__hash__":8759},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6626,"toc":8717},[6627,6630,6639,6648,6650,6747,6749,6778,6794,6798,6803,6806,6816,6822,6828,6844,6846,6854,6861,6865,6868,6883,6888,6906,6911,6913,6961,6963,6980,6984,6990,6993,7028,7030,7136,7138,7175,7179,7187,7189,7209,7211,7332,7334,7363,7366,7389,7391,7399,7407,7411,7416,7420,7461,7463,7471,7474,7502,7504,7512,7516,7545,7547,7555,7587,7589,7597,7601,7652,7654,7662,7670,7674,7677,7729,7731,7752,7759,7763,7769,7772,7780,7802,7804,7812,7820,7843,7845,7853,7858,7863,7875,7877,7918,7929,7933,7942,7945,7948,8007,8010,8062,8065,8070,8086,8092,8094,8099,8107,8110,8132,8134,8142,8147,8150,8185,8187,8195,8199,8204,8242,8254,8257,8312,8320,8324,8327,8349,8358,8361,8402,8404,8427,8433,8439,8454,8456,8476,8479,8498,8500,8519,8523,8529,8608,8611,8625,8632,8634,8638,8645,8649,8653,8657,8662,8666,8671,8675,8682,8684,8714],[10,6628,6624],{"id":6629},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6631,164,6632,6634,6635,2522,6637,114],{},[15,6633,3463],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6636,3254],{},[15,6638,3324],{},[20,6640,6641,6642,6644,6645,6647],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6643,3463],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6646,806],{}," statements and other conditions.",[30,6649,3259],{"id":3258},[35,6651,6653],{"className":37,"code":6652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6654,6655,6669,6683,6697,6715,6725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6656,6657,6659,6661,6663,6665,6667],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6658,136],{"class":135},[44,6660,121],{"class":58},[44,6662,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6664,121],{"class":58},[44,6666,186],{"class":206},[44,6668,244],{"class":58},[44,6670,6671,6673,6675,6677,6679,6681],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6672,136],{"class":135},[44,6674,121],{"class":58},[44,6676,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6678,121],{"class":58},[44,6680,1133],{"class":206},[44,6682,244],{"class":58},[44,6684,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693,6695],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6686,136],{"class":135},[44,6688,121],{"class":58},[44,6690,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6692,121],{"class":58},[44,6694,5920],{"class":62},[44,6696,244],{"class":58},[44,6698,6699,6701,6703,6705,6707,6709,6711,6713],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,6700,136],{"class":135},[44,6702,121],{"class":58},[44,6704,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6706,121],{"class":58},[44,6708,63],{"class":62},[44,6710,3495],{"class":66},[44,6712,63],{"class":62},[44,6714,244],{"class":58},[44,6716,6717,6719,6721,6723],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,6718,136],{"class":135},[44,6720,121],{"class":58},[44,6722,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6724,4077],{"class":58},[44,6726,6727,6729,6731,6733,6735,6737,6739,6741,6743,6745],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,6728,136],{"class":135},[44,6730,121],{"class":58},[44,6732,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6734,2631],{"class":58},[44,6736,1133],{"class":206},[44,6738,72],{"class":58},[44,6740,488],{"class":206},[44,6742,72],{"class":58},[44,6744,524],{"class":206},[44,6746,2644],{"class":58},[20,6748,5207],{},[35,6750,6752],{"className":37,"code":6751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6753,6754,6758,6762,6766,6770,6774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6755,6756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6757,3690],{"class":3502},[44,6759,6760],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6761,3629],{"class":3502},[44,6763,6764],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6765,3690],{"class":3502},[44,6767,6768],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,6769,3629],{"class":3502},[44,6771,6772],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,6773,3690],{"class":3502},[44,6775,6776],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,6777,3629],{"class":3502},[20,6779,651,6780,6783,6784,2522,6786,6788,6789,6791,6792,114],{},[15,6781,6782],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6785,3254],{},[15,6787,3324],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6790,3324],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6793,3254],{},[30,6795,6797],{"id":6796},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6799,6800,6802],{},[15,6801,3463],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6804,6805],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[169,6807,6808,6812],{},[172,6809,6810],{},[15,6811,3254],{},[172,6813,6814],{},[15,6815,3324],{},[20,6817,6818,6819,6821],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6820,806],{}," statements.",[20,6823,6824,6825,6827],{},"You can also call ",[15,6826,3463],{}," with no argument:",[35,6829,6831],{"className":37,"code":6830,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool())\n",[15,6832,6833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6834,6835,6837,6839,6841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6836,136],{"class":135},[44,6838,121],{"class":58},[44,6840,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6842,6843],{"class":58},"())\n",[20,6845,247],{},[35,6847,6848],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,6849,6850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6851,6852],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6853,3690],{"class":3502},[20,6855,6856,6857,114],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[270,6858,6860],{"href":6859},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[30,6862,6864],{"id":6863},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6866,6867],{},"The basic syntax is:",[35,6869,6871],{"className":37,"code":6870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bool(value)\n",[15,6872,6873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6874,6875,6877,6879,6881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6876,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6878,121],{"class":58},[44,6880,302],{"class":117},[44,6882,100],{"class":58},[20,6884,164,6885,6887],{},[15,6886,302],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[169,6889,6890,6892,6894,6896,6898,6901,6903],{},[172,6891,232],{},[172,6893,4958],{},[172,6895,4949],{},[172,6897,4952],{},[172,6899,6900],{},"dictionaries",[172,6902,4955],{},[172,6904,6905],{},"other objects",[20,6907,6908,6909,114],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6910,3324],{},[20,6912,189],{},[35,6914,6916],{"className":37,"code":6915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6917,6918,6932,6951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6919,6920,6922,6924,6926,6928,6930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6921,136],{"class":135},[44,6923,121],{"class":58},[44,6925,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6927,121],{"class":58},[44,6929,207],{"class":206},[44,6931,244],{"class":58},[44,6933,6934,6936,6938,6940,6942,6944,6947,6949],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6935,136],{"class":135},[44,6937,121],{"class":58},[44,6939,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6941,121],{"class":58},[44,6943,63],{"class":62},[44,6945,6946],{"class":66},"Python",[44,6948,63],{"class":62},[44,6950,244],{"class":58},[44,6952,6953,6955,6957,6959],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6954,136],{"class":135},[44,6956,121],{"class":58},[44,6958,3518],{"class":2546},[44,6960,6843],{"class":58},[20,6962,247],{},[35,6964,6966],{"className":37,"code":6965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6967,6968,6972,6976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,6969,6970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,6971,3629],{"class":3502},[44,6973,6974],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,6975,3629],{"class":3502},[44,6977,6978],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,6979,3690],{"class":3502},[30,6981,6983],{"id":6982},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6985,6986,6987,6989],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[367,6988,5244],{}," values.",[20,6991,6992],{},"Common examples:",[169,6994,6995,6999,7003,7007,7011,7016,7020,7024],{},[172,6996,6997],{},[15,6998,186],{},[172,7000,7001],{},[15,7002,3418],{},[172,7004,7005],{},[15,7006,5920],{},[172,7008,7009],{},[15,7010,3437],{},[172,7012,7013],{},[15,7014,7015],{},"()",[172,7017,7018],{},[15,7019,3442],{},[172,7021,7022],{},[15,7023,3447],{},[172,7025,7026],{},[15,7027,3428],{},[20,7029,189],{},[35,7031,7033],{"className":37,"code":7032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7034,7035,7049,7063,7077,7087,7097,7108,7122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7036,7037,7039,7041,7043,7045,7047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7038,136],{"class":135},[44,7040,121],{"class":58},[44,7042,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7044,121],{"class":58},[44,7046,186],{"class":206},[44,7048,244],{"class":58},[44,7050,7051,7053,7055,7057,7059,7061],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7052,136],{"class":135},[44,7054,121],{"class":58},[44,7056,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7058,121],{"class":58},[44,7060,3418],{"class":206},[44,7062,244],{"class":58},[44,7064,7065,7067,7069,7071,7073,7075],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7066,136],{"class":135},[44,7068,121],{"class":58},[44,7070,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7072,121],{"class":58},[44,7074,5920],{"class":62},[44,7076,244],{"class":58},[44,7078,7079,7081,7083,7085],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,7080,136],{"class":135},[44,7082,121],{"class":58},[44,7084,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7086,4077],{"class":58},[44,7088,7089,7091,7093,7095],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,7090,136],{"class":135},[44,7092,121],{"class":58},[44,7094,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7096,4135],{"class":58},[44,7098,7099,7101,7103,7105],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,7100,136],{"class":135},[44,7102,121],{"class":58},[44,7104,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7106,7107],{"class":58},"({}))\n",[44,7109,7110,7112,7114,7116,7118,7120],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,7111,136],{"class":135},[44,7113,121],{"class":58},[44,7115,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7117,121],{"class":58},[44,7119,5935],{"class":2546},[44,7121,5938],{"class":58},[44,7123,7124,7126,7128,7130,7132,7134],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,7125,136],{"class":135},[44,7127,121],{"class":58},[44,7129,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7131,121],{"class":58},[44,7133,3428],{"class":3502},[44,7135,244],{"class":58},[20,7137,247],{},[35,7139,7141],{"className":37,"code":7140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7142,7143,7147,7151,7155,7159,7163,7167,7171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7144,7145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7146,3690],{"class":3502},[44,7148,7149],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7150,3690],{"class":3502},[44,7152,7153],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7154,3690],{"class":3502},[44,7156,7157],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,7158,3690],{"class":3502},[44,7160,7161],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,7162,3690],{"class":3502},[44,7164,7165],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,7166,3690],{"class":3502},[44,7168,7169],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,7170,3690],{"class":3502},[44,7172,7173],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,7174,3690],{"class":3502},[30,7176,7178],{"id":7177},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7180,7181,7182,7184,7185,6989],{},"Many values become ",[15,7183,3254],{},". These are often called ",[367,7186,5241],{},[20,7188,6992],{},[169,7190,7191,7194,7197,7200,7203,7206],{},[172,7192,7193],{},"non-zero numbers",[172,7195,7196],{},"non-empty strings",[172,7198,7199],{},"non-empty lists",[172,7201,7202],{},"non-empty tuples",[172,7204,7205],{},"non-empty sets",[172,7207,7208],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7210,189],{},[35,7212,7214],{"className":37,"code":7213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7215,7216,7230,7246,7264,7286,7304],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7217,7218,7220,7222,7224,7226,7228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7219,136],{"class":135},[44,7221,121],{"class":58},[44,7223,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7225,121],{"class":58},[44,7227,929],{"class":206},[44,7229,244],{"class":58},[44,7231,7232,7234,7236,7238,7240,7242,7244],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7233,136],{"class":135},[44,7235,121],{"class":58},[44,7237,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7239,121],{"class":58},[44,7241,1674],{"class":54},[44,7243,1137],{"class":206},[44,7245,244],{"class":58},[44,7247,7248,7250,7252,7254,7256,7258,7260,7262],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7249,136],{"class":135},[44,7251,121],{"class":58},[44,7253,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7255,121],{"class":58},[44,7257,63],{"class":62},[44,7259,3495],{"class":66},[44,7261,63],{"class":62},[44,7263,244],{"class":58},[44,7265,7266,7268,7270,7272,7274,7276,7278,7280,7282,7284],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,7267,136],{"class":135},[44,7269,121],{"class":58},[44,7271,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7273,2631],{"class":58},[44,7275,1133],{"class":206},[44,7277,72],{"class":58},[44,7279,488],{"class":206},[44,7281,72],{"class":58},[44,7283,524],{"class":206},[44,7285,2644],{"class":58},[44,7287,7288,7290,7292,7294,7296,7298,7300,7302],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,7289,136],{"class":135},[44,7291,121],{"class":58},[44,7293,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7295,5158],{"class":58},[44,7297,1133],{"class":206},[44,7299,72],{"class":58},[44,7301,488],{"class":206},[44,7303,2557],{"class":58},[44,7305,7306,7308,7310,7312,7314,7316,7319,7321,7323,7325,7328,7330],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,7307,136],{"class":135},[44,7309,121],{"class":58},[44,7311,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7313,5177],{"class":58},[44,7315,63],{"class":62},[44,7317,7318],{"class":66},"name",[44,7320,63],{"class":62},[44,7322,1155],{"class":58},[44,7324,75],{"class":62},[44,7326,7327],{"class":66},"Sam",[44,7329,63],{"class":62},[44,7331,5186],{"class":58},[20,7333,247],{},[35,7335,7337],{"className":37,"code":7336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7338,7339,7343,7347,7351,7355,7359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7340,7341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7342,3629],{"class":3502},[44,7344,7345],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7346,3629],{"class":3502},[44,7348,7349],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7350,3629],{"class":3502},[44,7352,7353],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,7354,3629],{"class":3502},[44,7356,7357],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,7358,3629],{"class":3502},[44,7360,7361],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,7362,3629],{"class":3502},[20,7364,7365],{},"One important example is this:",[35,7367,7369],{"className":37,"code":7368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7370,7371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7372,7373,7375,7377,7379,7381,7383,7385,7387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7374,136],{"class":135},[44,7376,121],{"class":58},[44,7378,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7380,121],{"class":58},[44,7382,63],{"class":62},[44,7384,3324],{"class":66},[44,7386,63],{"class":62},[44,7388,244],{"class":58},[20,7390,247],{},[35,7392,7393],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7394,7395],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7396,7397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7398,3629],{"class":3502},[20,7400,7401,7402,7404,7405,114],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7403,6329],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7406,3254],{},[30,7408,7410],{"id":7409},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7412,280,7413,7415],{},[15,7414,3463],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[338,7417,7419],{"id":7418},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[35,7421,7423],{"className":37,"code":7422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7424,7425,7446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7426,7427,7430,7432,7434,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7428,7429],{"class":50},"items ",[44,7431,55],{"class":54},[44,7433,3273],{"class":58},[44,7435,207],{"class":206},[44,7437,72],{"class":58},[44,7439,212],{"class":206},[44,7441,72],{"class":58},[44,7443,217],{"class":206},[44,7445,3286],{"class":58},[44,7447,7448,7450,7452,7454,7456,7459],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7449,136],{"class":135},[44,7451,121],{"class":58},[44,7453,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7455,121],{"class":58},[44,7457,7458],{"class":117},"items",[44,7460,244],{"class":58},[20,7462,247],{},[35,7464,7465],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7466,7467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7468,7469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7470,3629],{"class":3502},[20,7472,7473],{},"With an empty list:",[35,7475,7477],{"className":37,"code":7476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7478,7479,7488],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7480,7481,7483,7485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7482,7429],{"class":50},[44,7484,55],{"class":54},[44,7486,7487],{"class":58}," []\n",[44,7489,7490,7492,7494,7496,7498,7500],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7491,136],{"class":135},[44,7493,121],{"class":58},[44,7495,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7497,121],{"class":58},[44,7499,7458],{"class":117},[44,7501,244],{"class":58},[20,7503,247],{},[35,7505,7506],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7507,7508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7509,7510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7511,3690],{"class":3502},[338,7513,7515],{"id":7514},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[35,7517,7519],{"className":37,"code":7518,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7520,7521,7531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7522,7523,7526,7528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7524,7525],{"class":50},"name ",[44,7527,55],{"class":54},[44,7529,7530],{"class":62}," \"\"\n",[44,7532,7533,7535,7537,7539,7541,7543],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7534,136],{"class":135},[44,7536,121],{"class":58},[44,7538,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7540,121],{"class":58},[44,7542,7318],{"class":117},[44,7544,244],{"class":58},[20,7546,247],{},[35,7548,7549],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7550,7551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7552,7553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7554,3690],{"class":3502},[35,7556,7558],{"className":37,"code":7557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7559,7560,7573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7561,7562,7564,7566,7568,7571],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7563,7525],{"class":50},[44,7565,55],{"class":54},[44,7567,75],{"class":62},[44,7569,7570],{"class":66},"Mia",[44,7572,3007],{"class":62},[44,7574,7575,7577,7579,7581,7583,7585],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7576,136],{"class":135},[44,7578,121],{"class":58},[44,7580,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7582,121],{"class":58},[44,7584,7318],{"class":117},[44,7586,244],{"class":58},[20,7588,247],{},[35,7590,7591],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7592,7593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7594,7595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7596,3629],{"class":3502},[338,7598,7600],{"id":7599},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[35,7602,7604],{"className":37,"code":7603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7605,7606,7620,7637,7641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7607,7608,7611,7613,7615,7618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7609,7610],{"class":50},"username ",[44,7612,55],{"class":54},[44,7614,75],{"class":62},[44,7616,7617],{"class":66},"alex",[44,7619,3007],{"class":62},[44,7621,7622,7625,7627,7630,7632,7635],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7623,7624],{"class":50},"has_name ",[44,7626,55],{"class":54},[44,7628,7629],{"class":2546}," bool",[44,7631,121],{"class":58},[44,7633,7634],{"class":117},"username",[44,7636,100],{"class":58},[44,7638,7639],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7640,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,7642,7643,7645,7647,7650],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,7644,136],{"class":135},[44,7646,121],{"class":58},[44,7648,7649],{"class":117},"has_name",[44,7651,100],{"class":58},[20,7653,247],{},[35,7655,7656],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7657,7658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7659,7660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7661,3629],{"class":3502},[20,7663,7664,7665,2522,7667,7669],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7666,3254],{},[15,7668,3324],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[338,7671,7673],{"id":7672},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7675,7676],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[35,7678,7680],{"className":37,"code":7679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7681,7682,7702,7706,7714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7683,7684,7686,7688,7690,7692,7694,7696,7698,7700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7685,199],{"class":50},[44,7687,55],{"class":54},[44,7689,3273],{"class":58},[44,7691,1133],{"class":206},[44,7693,72],{"class":58},[44,7695,488],{"class":206},[44,7697,72],{"class":58},[44,7699,524],{"class":206},[44,7701,3286],{"class":58},[44,7703,7704],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7705,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,7707,7708,7710,7712],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7709,806],{"class":805},[44,7711,3912],{"class":50},[44,7713,820],{"class":58},[44,7715,7716,7718,7720,7722,7725,7727],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,7717,825],{"class":135},[44,7719,121],{"class":58},[44,7721,63],{"class":62},[44,7723,7724],{"class":66},"The list is not empty",[44,7726,63],{"class":62},[44,7728,100],{"class":58},[20,7730,247],{},[35,7732,7734],{"className":37,"code":7733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7735,7736],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7737,7738,7740,7743,7746,7749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7739,164],{"class":50},[44,7741,7742],{"class":2546},"list",[44,7744,7745],{"class":54}," is",[44,7747,7748],{"class":54}," not",[44,7750,7751],{"class":50}," empty\n",[20,7753,7754,7755,114],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[270,7756,7758],{"href":7757},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[30,7760,7762],{"id":7761},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7764,7765,7766,7768],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7767,3463],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7770,7771],{},"It does not do that.",[338,7773,7775,2044,7778],{"id":7774},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7776,7777],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7779,3254],{},[35,7781,7782],{"className":37,"code":7368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7783,7784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7785,7786,7788,7790,7792,7794,7796,7798,7800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7787,136],{"class":135},[44,7789,121],{"class":58},[44,7791,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7793,121],{"class":58},[44,7795,63],{"class":62},[44,7797,3324],{"class":66},[44,7799,63],{"class":62},[44,7801,244],{"class":58},[20,7803,247],{},[35,7805,7806],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7807,7808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7809,7810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7811,3629],{"class":3502},[338,7813,7815,2044,7818],{"id":7814},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7816,7817],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7819,3254],{},[35,7821,7823],{"className":37,"code":7822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7824,7825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7826,7827,7829,7831,7833,7835,7837,7839,7841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7828,136],{"class":135},[44,7830,121],{"class":58},[44,7832,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7834,121],{"class":58},[44,7836,63],{"class":62},[44,7838,186],{"class":66},[44,7840,63],{"class":62},[44,7842,244],{"class":58},[20,7844,247],{},[35,7846,7847],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,7848,7849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7850,7851],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7852,3629],{"class":3502},[20,7854,7855,7856,114],{},"This happens because both values are ",[367,7857,7196],{},[20,7859,7860,7862],{},[15,7861,3463],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7864,7865,7866,7871,7872,7874],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[270,7867,7869],{"href":7868},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7870,2603],{},", because ",[15,7873,2603],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7876,189],{},[35,7878,7880],{"className":37,"code":7879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7881,7882,7903],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7883,7884,7887,7889,7892,7894,7896,7899,7901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7885,7886],{"class":50},"user_value ",[44,7888,55],{"class":54},[44,7890,7891],{"class":135}," input",[44,7893,121],{"class":58},[44,7895,63],{"class":62},[44,7897,7898],{"class":66},"Enter True or False: ",[44,7900,63],{"class":62},[44,7902,100],{"class":58},[44,7904,7905,7907,7909,7911,7913,7916],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7906,136],{"class":135},[44,7908,121],{"class":58},[44,7910,3518],{"class":2546},[44,7912,121],{"class":58},[44,7914,7915],{"class":117},"user_value",[44,7917,244],{"class":58},[20,7919,7920,7921,7923,7924,7871,7926,7928],{},"If the user types ",[15,7922,3324],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7925,3254],{},[15,7927,6329],{}," is not empty.",[30,7930,7932],{"id":7931},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7934,7935,7936,7938,7939,7941],{},"In many ",[15,7937,806],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7940,3463],{}," yourself.",[20,7943,7944],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7946,7947],{},"Instead of this:",[35,7949,7951],{"className":37,"code":7950,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7952,7953,7974,7978,7992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,7954,7955,7958,7960,7962,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,7956,7957],{"class":50},"my_list ",[44,7959,55],{"class":54},[44,7961,3273],{"class":58},[44,7963,1133],{"class":206},[44,7965,72],{"class":58},[44,7967,488],{"class":206},[44,7969,72],{"class":58},[44,7971,524],{"class":206},[44,7973,3286],{"class":58},[44,7975,7976],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,7977,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,7979,7980,7982,7984,7986,7989],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,7981,806],{"class":805},[44,7983,7629],{"class":2546},[44,7985,121],{"class":58},[44,7987,7988],{"class":117},"my_list",[44,7990,7991],{"class":58},"):\n",[44,7993,7994,7996,7998,8000,8003,8005],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,7995,825],{"class":135},[44,7997,121],{"class":58},[44,7999,63],{"class":62},[44,8001,8002],{"class":66},"List has items",[44,8004,63],{"class":62},[44,8006,100],{"class":58},[20,8008,8009],{},"You can simply write:",[35,8011,8013],{"className":37,"code":8012,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8014,8015,8035,8039,8048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8016,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027,8029,8031,8033],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8018,7957],{"class":50},[44,8020,55],{"class":54},[44,8022,3273],{"class":58},[44,8024,1133],{"class":206},[44,8026,72],{"class":58},[44,8028,488],{"class":206},[44,8030,72],{"class":58},[44,8032,524],{"class":206},[44,8034,3286],{"class":58},[44,8036,8037],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8038,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,8040,8041,8043,8046],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8042,806],{"class":805},[44,8044,8045],{"class":50}," my_list",[44,8047,820],{"class":58},[44,8049,8050,8052,8054,8056,8058,8060],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,8051,825],{"class":135},[44,8053,121],{"class":58},[44,8055,63],{"class":62},[44,8057,8002],{"class":66},[44,8059,63],{"class":62},[44,8061,100],{"class":58},[20,8063,8064],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8066,895,8067,8069],{},[15,8068,3463],{}," is still helpful when:",[169,8071,8072,8075,8083],{},[172,8073,8074],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[172,8076,8077,8078,2522,8080,8082],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8079,3254],{},[15,8081,3324],{}," value",[172,8084,8085],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8087,8088,8089,114],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[270,8090,8091],{"href":1946},"Python type() function explained",[30,8093,1299],{"id":1298},[20,8095,8096,8097,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8098,3463],{},[338,8100,1312,8102,8104,8105],{"id":8101},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8103,7777],{}," to return ",[15,8106,3324],{},[20,8108,8109],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[35,8111,8112],{"className":37,"code":7368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8113,8114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8115,8116,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8117,136],{"class":135},[44,8119,121],{"class":58},[44,8121,3518],{"class":2546},[44,8123,121],{"class":58},[44,8125,63],{"class":62},[44,8127,3324],{"class":66},[44,8129,63],{"class":62},[44,8131,244],{"class":58},[20,8133,247],{},[35,8135,8136],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8137,8138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8139,8140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8141,3629],{"class":3502},[20,8143,8144,8145,6330],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8146,6329],{},[20,8148,8149],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[35,8151,8153],{"className":37,"code":8152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8154,8155,8167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8156,8157,8159,8161,8163,8165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8158,1380],{"class":50},[44,8160,55],{"class":54},[44,8162,75],{"class":62},[44,8164,3324],{"class":66},[44,8166,3007],{"class":62},[44,8168,8169,8171,8173,8175,8177,8179,8181,8183],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8170,136],{"class":135},[44,8172,121],{"class":58},[44,8174,1380],{"class":117},[44,8176,4337],{"class":54},[44,8178,75],{"class":62},[44,8180,3254],{"class":66},[44,8182,63],{"class":62},[44,8184,100],{"class":58},[20,8186,247],{},[35,8188,8189],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,8190,8191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8192,8193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8194,3690],{"class":3502},[338,8196,8198],{"id":8197},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8200,8201,8203],{},[15,8202,2603],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[35,8205,8207],{"className":37,"code":8206,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8208,8209,8228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8210,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219,8221,8224,8226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8212,1380],{"class":50},[44,8214,55],{"class":54},[44,8216,7891],{"class":135},[44,8218,121],{"class":58},[44,8220,63],{"class":62},[44,8222,8223],{"class":66},"Enter yes or no: ",[44,8225,63],{"class":62},[44,8227,100],{"class":58},[44,8229,8230,8232,8234,8236,8238,8240],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8231,136],{"class":135},[44,8233,121],{"class":58},[44,8235,3518],{"class":2546},[44,8237,121],{"class":58},[44,8239,302],{"class":117},[44,8241,244],{"class":58},[20,8243,7920,8244,8247,8248,8250,8251,7928],{},[15,8245,8246],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8249,3254],{}," because ",[15,8252,8253],{},"\"no\"",[20,8255,8256],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[35,8258,8260],{"className":37,"code":8259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8261,8262,8293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8263,8264,8266,8268,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278,8281,8284,8287,8290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8265,1380],{"class":50},[44,8267,55],{"class":54},[44,8269,7891],{"class":135},[44,8271,121],{"class":58},[44,8273,63],{"class":62},[44,8275,8223],{"class":66},[44,8277,63],{"class":62},[44,8279,8280],{"class":58},").",[44,8282,8283],{"class":117},"strip",[44,8285,8286],{"class":58},"().",[44,8288,8289],{"class":117},"lower",[44,8291,8292],{"class":58},"()\n",[44,8294,8295,8297,8299,8301,8303,8305,8308,8310],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8296,136],{"class":135},[44,8298,121],{"class":58},[44,8300,1380],{"class":117},[44,8302,4337],{"class":54},[44,8304,75],{"class":62},[44,8306,8307],{"class":66},"yes",[44,8309,63],{"class":62},[44,8311,100],{"class":58},[20,8313,8314,8315,8317,8318,114],{},"This gives ",[15,8316,3254],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8319,8307],{},[338,8321,8323],{"id":8322},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8325,8326],{},"These are different:",[169,8328,8329,8333,8337,8341,8345],{},[172,8330,8331],{},[15,8332,3324],{},[172,8334,8335],{},[15,8336,186],{},[172,8338,8339],{},[15,8340,5920],{},[172,8342,8343],{},[15,8344,3437],{},[172,8346,8347],{},[15,8348,3428],{},[20,8350,8351,8352,8354,8355,8357],{},"They all become ",[15,8353,3324],{}," with ",[15,8356,3463],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8359,8360],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[35,8362,8364],{"className":37,"code":8363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8365,8366,8374,8388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8367,8368,8370,8372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8369,1380],{"class":50},[44,8371,55],{"class":54},[44,8373,7487],{"class":58},[44,8375,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384,8386],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8377,136],{"class":135},[44,8379,121],{"class":58},[44,8381,2868],{"class":2546},[44,8383,121],{"class":58},[44,8385,302],{"class":117},[44,8387,244],{"class":58},[44,8389,8390,8392,8394,8396,8398,8400],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8391,136],{"class":135},[44,8393,121],{"class":58},[44,8395,3518],{"class":2546},[44,8397,121],{"class":58},[44,8399,302],{"class":117},[44,8401,244],{"class":58},[20,8403,247],{},[35,8405,8407],{"className":37,"code":8406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8408,8409,8423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8410,8411,8413,8415,8417,8419,8421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8412,2937],{"class":54},[44,8414,2940],{"class":1716},[44,8416,2943],{"class":62},[44,8418,7742],{"class":66},[44,8420,2948],{"class":62},[44,8422,2951],{"class":54},[44,8424,8425],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8426,3690],{"class":3502},[338,8428,895,8430,8432],{"id":8429},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8431,3442],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8434,8435,8436,8438],{},"In Python, ",[15,8437,3442],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[35,8440,8442],{"className":37,"code":8441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8443,8444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8445,8446,8448,8450,8452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8447,136],{"class":135},[44,8449,121],{"class":58},[44,8451,2868],{"class":2546},[44,8453,7107],{"class":58},[20,8455,247],{},[35,8457,8459],{"className":37,"code":8458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8460,8461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8462,8463,8465,8467,8469,8472,8474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8464,2937],{"class":54},[44,8466,2940],{"class":1716},[44,8468,2943],{"class":62},[44,8470,8471],{"class":66},"dict",[44,8473,2948],{"class":62},[44,8475,2951],{"class":54},[20,8477,8478],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[35,8480,8482],{"className":37,"code":8481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8483,8484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8485,8486,8488,8490,8492,8494,8496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8487,136],{"class":135},[44,8489,121],{"class":58},[44,8491,2868],{"class":2546},[44,8493,121],{"class":58},[44,8495,5935],{"class":2546},[44,8497,5938],{"class":58},[20,8499,247],{},[35,8501,8503],{"className":37,"code":8502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8504,8505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8506,8507,8509,8511,8513,8515,8517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8508,2937],{"class":54},[44,8510,2940],{"class":1716},[44,8512,2943],{"class":62},[44,8514,5935],{"class":66},[44,8516,2948],{"class":62},[44,8518,2951],{"class":54},[30,8520,8522],{"id":8521},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8524,8525,8526,8528],{},"If ",[15,8527,3463],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[35,8530,8532],{"className":37,"code":8531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8533,8534,8548,8562,8572,8590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8535,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8537,136],{"class":135},[44,8539,121],{"class":58},[44,8541,3518],{"class":2546},[44,8543,121],{"class":58},[44,8545,302],{"class":117},[44,8547,244],{"class":58},[44,8549,8550,8552,8554,8556,8558,8560],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8551,136],{"class":135},[44,8553,121],{"class":58},[44,8555,2868],{"class":2546},[44,8557,121],{"class":58},[44,8559,302],{"class":117},[44,8561,244],{"class":58},[44,8563,8564,8566,8568,8570],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8565,136],{"class":135},[44,8567,121],{"class":58},[44,8569,302],{"class":117},[44,8571,100],{"class":58},[44,8573,8574,8576,8578,8580,8582,8584,8586,8588],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,8575,136],{"class":135},[44,8577,121],{"class":58},[44,8579,1380],{"class":117},[44,8581,4337],{"class":54},[44,8583,75],{"class":62},[44,8585,3254],{"class":66},[44,8587,63],{"class":62},[44,8589,100],{"class":58},[44,8591,8592,8594,8596,8598,8600,8602,8604,8606],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,8593,136],{"class":135},[44,8595,121],{"class":58},[44,8597,302],{"class":117},[44,8599,114],{"class":58},[44,8601,8283],{"class":117},[44,8603,8286],{"class":58},[44,8605,8289],{"class":117},[44,8607,6843],{"class":58},[20,8609,8610],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[169,8612,8613,8616,8619,8622],{},[172,8614,8615],{},"what the value really is",[172,8617,8618],{},"whether it is a string",[172,8620,8621],{},"whether it contains spaces",[172,8623,8624],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8626,8627,8628,114],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[270,8629,8631],{"href":8630},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[30,8633,1497],{"id":1496},[338,8635,8637],{"id":8636},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8639,8640,8641,2522,8643,114],{},"It returns either ",[15,8642,3254],{},[15,8644,3324],{},[338,8646,8648],{"id":8647},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8650,4796,8651,114],{},[15,8652,3324],{},[338,8654,8656],{"id":8655},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8658,8659,8660,114],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8661,3254],{},[338,8663,8665],{"id":8664},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8667,8668,8669,114],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8670,3324],{},[338,8672,8674],{"id":8673},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8676,8677,8678,2522,8680,3387],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8679,3254],{},[15,8681,3324],{},[30,8683,1554],{"id":1553},[169,8685,8686,8691,8695,8700,8704,8709],{},[172,8687,8688],{},[270,8689,8690],{"href":5425},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[172,8692,8693],{},[270,8694,7758],{"href":7757},[172,8696,8697],{},[270,8698,8699],{"href":7868},"Python input() function explained",[172,8701,8702],{},[270,8703,8091],{"href":1946},[172,8705,8706],{},[270,8707,8708],{"href":8630},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[172,8710,8711],{},[270,8712,8713],{"href":6859},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1583,8715,8716],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":8718},[8719,8720,8721,8722,8723,8724,8730,8736,8737,8745,8746,8753],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":6796,"depth":103,"text":6797},{"id":6863,"depth":103,"text":6864},{"id":6982,"depth":103,"text":6983},{"id":7177,"depth":103,"text":7178},{"id":7409,"depth":103,"text":7410,"children":8725},[8726,8727,8728,8729],{"id":7418,"depth":132,"text":7419},{"id":7514,"depth":132,"text":7515},{"id":7599,"depth":132,"text":7600},{"id":7672,"depth":132,"text":7673},{"id":7761,"depth":103,"text":7762,"children":8731},[8732,8734],{"id":7774,"depth":132,"text":8733},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7814,"depth":132,"text":8735},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7931,"depth":103,"text":7932},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":8738},[8739,8741,8742,8743],{"id":8101,"depth":132,"text":8740},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8197,"depth":132,"text":8198},{"id":8322,"depth":132,"text":8323},{"id":8429,"depth":132,"text":8744},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8521,"depth":103,"text":8522},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":8747},[8748,8749,8750,8751,8752],{"id":8636,"depth":132,"text":8637},{"id":8647,"depth":132,"text":8648},{"id":8655,"depth":132,"text":8656},{"id":8664,"depth":132,"text":8665},{"id":8673,"depth":132,"text":8674},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6624,"description":8754},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8761,"title":8762,"body":8763,"description":10954,"extension":1616,"meta":10955,"navigation":434,"path":10956,"seo":10957,"stem":10958,"__hash__":10959},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8764,"toc":10916},[8765,8771,8777,8784,8789,8800,8807,8915,8919,8988,8993,8998,9003,9006,9017,9022,9025,9036,9043,9045,9050,9054,9079,9083,9092,9096,9159,9163,9196,9200,9245,9249,9286,9290,9293,9349,9353,9398,9401,9406,9445,9449,9472,9475,9489,9502,9506,9511,9578,9582,9618,9621,9629,9632,9696,9700,9732,9738,9740,9800,9807,9810,9888,9892,9925,9929,9932,9976,9980,10016,10019,10036,10039,10042,10095,10098,10109,10116,10125,10128,10186,10190,10231,10239,10247,10252,10260,10272,10277,10288,10361,10364,10376,10391,10395,10400,10404,10406,10449,10455,10458,10521,10525,10528,10537,10542,10579,10583,10586,10594,10597,10636,10640,10643,10694,10698,10719,10726,10728,10734,10761,10764,10818,10821,10832,10834,10841,10849,10855,10860,10867,10870,10877,10884,10886,10913],[10,8766,3225,8768,3229],{"id":8767},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8769,8770],{},"dict()",[20,8772,8773,8774,8776],{},"The built-in ",[15,8775,8770],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8778,8779,8780,8783],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[367,8781,8782],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8785,8786,8788],{},[15,8787,8770],{}," is commonly used to:",[169,8790,8791,8794,8797],{},[172,8792,8793],{},"create an empty dictionary",[172,8795,8796],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[172,8798,8799],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8801,8802,8803,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[270,8804,8806],{"href":8805},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[35,8808,8810],{"className":37,"code":8809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8811,8812,8847,8858,8862,8900],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8813,8814,8817,8819,8822,8824,8827,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837,8840,8842,8845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8815,8816],{"class":50},"data ",[44,8818,55],{"class":54},[44,8820,8821],{"class":2546}," dict",[44,8823,121],{"class":58},[44,8825,7318],{"class":8826},"s99_P",[44,8828,55],{"class":54},[44,8830,2948],{"class":62},[44,8832,4652],{"class":66},[44,8834,2948],{"class":62},[44,8836,72],{"class":58},[44,8838,8839],{"class":8826}," age",[44,8841,55],{"class":54},[44,8843,8844],{"class":206},"25",[44,8846,100],{"class":58},[44,8848,8849,8851,8853,8856],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8850,136],{"class":135},[44,8852,121],{"class":58},[44,8854,8855],{"class":117},"data",[44,8857,100],{"class":58},[44,8859,8860],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,8861,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,8863,8864,8867,8869,8872,8874,8876,8878,8880,8882,8885,8887,8889,8891,8893,8895,8897],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,8865,8866],{"class":50},"pairs ",[44,8868,55],{"class":54},[44,8870,8871],{"class":58}," [(",[44,8873,2948],{"class":62},[44,8875,270],{"class":66},[44,8877,2948],{"class":62},[44,8879,72],{"class":58},[44,8881,519],{"class":206},[44,8883,8884],{"class":58},"),",[44,8886,59],{"class":58},[44,8888,2948],{"class":62},[44,8890,399],{"class":66},[44,8892,2948],{"class":62},[44,8894,72],{"class":58},[44,8896,488],{"class":206},[44,8898,8899],{"class":58},")]\n",[44,8901,8902,8904,8906,8908,8910,8913],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,8903,136],{"class":135},[44,8905,121],{"class":58},[44,8907,8471],{"class":2546},[44,8909,121],{"class":58},[44,8911,8912],{"class":117},"pairs",[44,8914,244],{"class":58},[20,8916,8917],{},[367,8918,247],{},[35,8920,8922],{"className":37,"code":8921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8923,8924,8960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,8925,8926,8929,8931,8933,8935,8937,8939,8941,8943,8945,8947,8950,8952,8954,8957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,8927,8928],{"class":58},"{",[44,8930,2948],{"class":62},[44,8932,7318],{"class":66},[44,8934,2948],{"class":62},[44,8936,1155],{"class":58},[44,8938,2943],{"class":62},[44,8940,4652],{"class":66},[44,8942,2948],{"class":62},[44,8944,72],{"class":58},[44,8946,2943],{"class":62},[44,8948,8949],{"class":66},"age",[44,8951,2948],{"class":62},[44,8953,1155],{"class":58},[44,8955,8956],{"class":206}," 25",[44,8958,8959],{"class":58},"}\n",[44,8961,8962,8964,8966,8968,8970,8972,8974,8976,8978,8980,8982,8984,8986],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,8963,8928],{"class":58},[44,8965,2948],{"class":62},[44,8967,270],{"class":66},[44,8969,2948],{"class":62},[44,8971,1155],{"class":58},[44,8973,519],{"class":206},[44,8975,72],{"class":58},[44,8977,2943],{"class":62},[44,8979,399],{"class":66},[44,8981,2948],{"class":62},[44,8983,1155],{"class":58},[44,8985,488],{"class":206},[44,8987,8959],{"class":58},[20,8989,651,8990,8992],{},[15,8991,8770],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[30,8994,158,8996,161],{"id":8995},"what-dict-does",[15,8997,8770],{},[20,8999,9000,9002],{},[15,9001,8770],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9004,9005],{},"A dictionary:",[169,9007,9008,9011,9014],{},[172,9009,9010],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[172,9012,9013],{},"lets you look up values by key",[172,9015,9016],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9018,9019,9021],{},[15,9020,8770],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9023,9024],{},"Common uses include:",[169,9026,9027,9030,9033],{},[172,9028,9029],{},"making an empty dictionary",[172,9031,9032],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[172,9034,9035],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9037,9038,9039,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[270,9040,9042],{"href":9041},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[30,9044,277],{"id":276},[20,9046,9047,9049],{},[15,9048,8770],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[338,9051,9053],{"id":9052},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[35,9055,9057],{"className":37,"code":9056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9058,9059,9069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9060,9061,9063,9065,9067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9062,8816],{"class":50},[44,9064,55],{"class":54},[44,9066,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9068,8292],{"class":58},[44,9070,9071,9073,9075,9077],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9072,136],{"class":135},[44,9074,121],{"class":58},[44,9076,8855],{"class":117},[44,9078,100],{"class":58},[20,9080,9081],{},[367,9082,247],{},[35,9084,9086],{"className":37,"code":9085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n",[15,9087,9088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9089,9090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9091,9085],{"class":58},[338,9093,9095],{"id":9094},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[35,9097,9099],{"className":37,"code":9098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9100,9101,9135,9149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9102,9103,9105,9107,9109,9111,9113,9115,9117,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9104,8866],{"class":50},[44,9106,55],{"class":54},[44,9108,8871],{"class":58},[44,9110,2948],{"class":62},[44,9112,270],{"class":66},[44,9114,2948],{"class":62},[44,9116,72],{"class":58},[44,9118,519],{"class":206},[44,9120,8884],{"class":58},[44,9122,59],{"class":58},[44,9124,2948],{"class":62},[44,9126,399],{"class":66},[44,9128,2948],{"class":62},[44,9130,72],{"class":58},[44,9132,488],{"class":206},[44,9134,8899],{"class":58},[44,9136,9137,9139,9141,9143,9145,9147],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9138,8816],{"class":50},[44,9140,55],{"class":54},[44,9142,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9144,121],{"class":58},[44,9146,8912],{"class":117},[44,9148,100],{"class":58},[44,9150,9151,9153,9155,9157],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9152,136],{"class":135},[44,9154,121],{"class":58},[44,9156,8855],{"class":117},[44,9158,100],{"class":58},[20,9160,9161],{},[367,9162,247],{},[35,9164,9166],{"className":37,"code":9165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9167,9168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9169,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180,9182,9184,9186,9188,9190,9192,9194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9171,8928],{"class":58},[44,9173,2948],{"class":62},[44,9175,270],{"class":66},[44,9177,2948],{"class":62},[44,9179,1155],{"class":58},[44,9181,519],{"class":206},[44,9183,72],{"class":58},[44,9185,2943],{"class":62},[44,9187,399],{"class":66},[44,9189,2948],{"class":62},[44,9191,1155],{"class":58},[44,9193,488],{"class":206},[44,9195,8959],{"class":58},[338,9197,9199],{"id":9198},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[35,9201,9203],{"className":37,"code":9202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9204,9205,9235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9206,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231,9233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9208,8816],{"class":50},[44,9210,55],{"class":54},[44,9212,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9214,121],{"class":58},[44,9216,7318],{"class":8826},[44,9218,55],{"class":54},[44,9220,2948],{"class":62},[44,9222,4652],{"class":66},[44,9224,2948],{"class":62},[44,9226,72],{"class":58},[44,9228,8839],{"class":8826},[44,9230,55],{"class":54},[44,9232,8844],{"class":206},[44,9234,100],{"class":58},[44,9236,9237,9239,9241,9243],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9238,136],{"class":135},[44,9240,121],{"class":58},[44,9242,8855],{"class":117},[44,9244,100],{"class":58},[20,9246,9247],{},[367,9248,247],{},[35,9250,9252],{"className":37,"code":9251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9253,9254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9255,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9268,9270,9272,9274,9276,9278,9280,9282,9284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9257,8928],{"class":58},[44,9259,2948],{"class":62},[44,9261,7318],{"class":66},[44,9263,2948],{"class":62},[44,9265,1155],{"class":58},[44,9267,2943],{"class":62},[44,9269,4652],{"class":66},[44,9271,2948],{"class":62},[44,9273,72],{"class":58},[44,9275,2943],{"class":62},[44,9277,8949],{"class":66},[44,9279,2948],{"class":62},[44,9281,1155],{"class":58},[44,9283,8956],{"class":206},[44,9285,8959],{"class":58},[338,9287,9289],{"id":9288},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9291,9292],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[35,9294,9296],{"className":37,"code":9295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9297,9298,9339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9299,9300,9302,9304,9306,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9333,9335,9337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9301,8816],{"class":50},[44,9303,55],{"class":54},[44,9305,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9307,9308],{"class":58},"([(",[44,9310,2948],{"class":62},[44,9312,270],{"class":66},[44,9314,2948],{"class":62},[44,9316,72],{"class":58},[44,9318,519],{"class":206},[44,9320,9321],{"class":58},")],",[44,9323,2203],{"class":8826},[44,9325,55],{"class":54},[44,9327,1137],{"class":206},[44,9329,72],{"class":58},[44,9331,9332],{"class":8826}," c",[44,9334,55],{"class":54},[44,9336,1141],{"class":206},[44,9338,100],{"class":58},[44,9340,9341,9343,9345,9347],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9342,136],{"class":135},[44,9344,121],{"class":58},[44,9346,8855],{"class":117},[44,9348,100],{"class":58},[20,9350,9351],{},[367,9352,247],{},[35,9354,9356],{"className":37,"code":9355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9357,9358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9359,9360,9362,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9384,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9361,8928],{"class":58},[44,9363,2948],{"class":62},[44,9365,270],{"class":66},[44,9367,2948],{"class":62},[44,9369,1155],{"class":58},[44,9371,519],{"class":206},[44,9373,72],{"class":58},[44,9375,2943],{"class":62},[44,9377,399],{"class":66},[44,9379,2948],{"class":62},[44,9381,1155],{"class":58},[44,9383,488],{"class":206},[44,9385,72],{"class":58},[44,9387,2943],{"class":62},[44,9389,408],{"class":66},[44,9391,2948],{"class":62},[44,9393,1155],{"class":58},[44,9395,524],{"class":206},[44,9397,8959],{"class":58},[30,9399,9053],{"id":9400},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9402,651,9403,9405],{},[15,9404,8770],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[35,9407,9409],{"className":37,"code":9408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9410,9411,9421,9435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9412,9413,9415,9417,9419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9414,8816],{"class":50},[44,9416,55],{"class":54},[44,9418,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9420,8292],{"class":58},[44,9422,9423,9425,9427,9429,9431,9433],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9424,136],{"class":135},[44,9426,121],{"class":58},[44,9428,2868],{"class":2546},[44,9430,121],{"class":58},[44,9432,8855],{"class":117},[44,9434,244],{"class":58},[44,9436,9437,9439,9441,9443],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9438,136],{"class":135},[44,9440,121],{"class":58},[44,9442,8855],{"class":117},[44,9444,100],{"class":58},[20,9446,9447],{},[367,9448,247],{},[35,9450,9452],{"className":37,"code":9451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9453,9454,9468],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9455,9456,9458,9460,9462,9464,9466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9457,2937],{"class":54},[44,9459,2940],{"class":1716},[44,9461,2943],{"class":62},[44,9463,8471],{"class":66},[44,9465,2948],{"class":62},[44,9467,2951],{"class":54},[44,9469,9470],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9471,9085],{"class":58},[20,9473,9474],{},"This gives the same result as:",[35,9476,9478],{"className":37,"code":9477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n",[15,9479,9480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9481,9482,9484,9486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9483,8816],{"class":50},[44,9485,55],{"class":54},[44,9487,9488],{"class":58}," {}\n",[20,9490,9491,9492,9494,9495,9498,9499,9501],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9493,3442],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9496,9497],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9500,8770],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[30,9503,9505],{"id":9504},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9507,9508,9509,114],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9510,8770],{},[35,9512,9514],{"className":37,"code":9513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9515,9516,9554,9568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9517,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528,9530,9532,9534,9536,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9519,8866],{"class":50},[44,9521,55],{"class":54},[44,9523,8871],{"class":58},[44,9525,2948],{"class":62},[44,9527,7318],{"class":66},[44,9529,2948],{"class":62},[44,9531,72],{"class":58},[44,9533,2943],{"class":62},[44,9535,4652],{"class":66},[44,9537,2948],{"class":62},[44,9539,8884],{"class":58},[44,9541,59],{"class":58},[44,9543,2948],{"class":62},[44,9545,8949],{"class":66},[44,9547,2948],{"class":62},[44,9549,72],{"class":58},[44,9551,8956],{"class":206},[44,9553,8899],{"class":58},[44,9555,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9566],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9557,8816],{"class":50},[44,9559,55],{"class":54},[44,9561,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9563,121],{"class":58},[44,9565,8912],{"class":117},[44,9567,100],{"class":58},[44,9569,9570,9572,9574,9576],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9571,136],{"class":135},[44,9573,121],{"class":58},[44,9575,8855],{"class":117},[44,9577,100],{"class":58},[20,9579,9580],{},[367,9581,247],{},[35,9583,9584],{"className":37,"code":9251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9585,9586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9587,9588,9590,9592,9594,9596,9598,9600,9602,9604,9606,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9589,8928],{"class":58},[44,9591,2948],{"class":62},[44,9593,7318],{"class":66},[44,9595,2948],{"class":62},[44,9597,1155],{"class":58},[44,9599,2943],{"class":62},[44,9601,4652],{"class":66},[44,9603,2948],{"class":62},[44,9605,72],{"class":58},[44,9607,2943],{"class":62},[44,9609,8949],{"class":66},[44,9611,2948],{"class":62},[44,9613,1155],{"class":58},[44,9615,8956],{"class":206},[44,9617,8959],{"class":58},[20,9619,9620],{},"Each pair becomes:",[169,9622,9623,9626],{},[172,9624,9625],{},"the first item as the key",[172,9627,9628],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9630,9631],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[35,9633,9635],{"className":37,"code":9634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9636,9637,9672,9686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9638,9639,9641,9643,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668,9670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9640,8866],{"class":50},[44,9642,55],{"class":54},[44,9644,9645],{"class":58}," ((",[44,9647,2948],{"class":62},[44,9649,270],{"class":66},[44,9651,2948],{"class":62},[44,9653,72],{"class":58},[44,9655,519],{"class":206},[44,9657,8884],{"class":58},[44,9659,59],{"class":58},[44,9661,2948],{"class":62},[44,9663,399],{"class":66},[44,9665,2948],{"class":62},[44,9667,72],{"class":58},[44,9669,488],{"class":206},[44,9671,244],{"class":58},[44,9673,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9675,8816],{"class":50},[44,9677,55],{"class":54},[44,9679,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9681,121],{"class":58},[44,9683,8912],{"class":117},[44,9685,100],{"class":58},[44,9687,9688,9690,9692,9694],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9689,136],{"class":135},[44,9691,121],{"class":58},[44,9693,8855],{"class":117},[44,9695,100],{"class":58},[20,9697,9698],{},[367,9699,247],{},[35,9701,9702],{"className":37,"code":9165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9703,9704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9705,9706,9708,9710,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9707,8928],{"class":58},[44,9709,2948],{"class":62},[44,9711,270],{"class":66},[44,9713,2948],{"class":62},[44,9715,1155],{"class":58},[44,9717,519],{"class":206},[44,9719,72],{"class":58},[44,9721,2943],{"class":62},[44,9723,399],{"class":66},[44,9725,2948],{"class":62},[44,9727,1155],{"class":58},[44,9729,488],{"class":206},[44,9731,8959],{"class":58},[20,9733,9734,9735,114],{},"Each item must contain ",[367,9736,9737],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9739,2480],{},[35,9741,9743],{"className":37,"code":9742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9744,9745,9785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9746,9747,9750,9752,9754,9756,9758,9760,9762,9764,9766,9769,9771,9773,9775,9777,9779,9781,9783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9748,9749],{"class":50},"bad_data ",[44,9751,55],{"class":54},[44,9753,8871],{"class":58},[44,9755,2948],{"class":62},[44,9757,270],{"class":66},[44,9759,2948],{"class":62},[44,9761,72],{"class":58},[44,9763,519],{"class":206},[44,9765,72],{"class":58},[44,9767,9768],{"class":206}," 100",[44,9770,8884],{"class":58},[44,9772,59],{"class":58},[44,9774,2948],{"class":62},[44,9776,399],{"class":66},[44,9778,2948],{"class":62},[44,9780,72],{"class":58},[44,9782,488],{"class":206},[44,9784,8899],{"class":58},[44,9786,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9798],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9788,604],{"class":50},[44,9790,55],{"class":54},[44,9792,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9794,121],{"class":58},[44,9796,9797],{"class":117},"bad_data",[44,9799,100],{"class":58},[20,9801,9802,9803,9806],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9804,9805],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9808,9809],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[35,9811,9813],{"className":37,"code":9812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9814,9815,9864,9878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9816,9817,9819,9821,9823,9825,9827,9829,9831,9833,9835,9837,9839,9841,9843,9845,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9818,8866],{"class":50},[44,9820,55],{"class":54},[44,9822,8871],{"class":58},[44,9824,2948],{"class":62},[44,9826,270],{"class":66},[44,9828,2948],{"class":62},[44,9830,72],{"class":58},[44,9832,519],{"class":206},[44,9834,8884],{"class":58},[44,9836,59],{"class":58},[44,9838,2948],{"class":62},[44,9840,270],{"class":66},[44,9842,2948],{"class":62},[44,9844,72],{"class":58},[44,9846,9847],{"class":206}," 99",[44,9849,8884],{"class":58},[44,9851,59],{"class":58},[44,9853,2948],{"class":62},[44,9855,399],{"class":66},[44,9857,2948],{"class":62},[44,9859,72],{"class":58},[44,9861,488],{"class":206},[44,9863,8899],{"class":58},[44,9865,9866,9868,9870,9872,9874,9876],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9867,8816],{"class":50},[44,9869,55],{"class":54},[44,9871,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9873,121],{"class":58},[44,9875,8912],{"class":117},[44,9877,100],{"class":58},[44,9879,9880,9882,9884,9886],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,9881,136],{"class":135},[44,9883,121],{"class":58},[44,9885,8855],{"class":117},[44,9887,100],{"class":58},[20,9889,9890],{},[367,9891,247],{},[35,9893,9895],{"className":37,"code":9894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9896,9897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9898,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911,9913,9915,9917,9919,9921,9923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9900,8928],{"class":58},[44,9902,2948],{"class":62},[44,9904,270],{"class":66},[44,9906,2948],{"class":62},[44,9908,1155],{"class":58},[44,9910,9847],{"class":206},[44,9912,72],{"class":58},[44,9914,2943],{"class":62},[44,9916,399],{"class":66},[44,9918,2948],{"class":62},[44,9920,1155],{"class":58},[44,9922,488],{"class":206},[44,9924,8959],{"class":58},[30,9926,9928],{"id":9927},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9930,9931],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[35,9933,9934],{"className":37,"code":9202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9935,9936,9966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9937,9938,9940,9942,9944,9946,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9939,8816],{"class":50},[44,9941,55],{"class":54},[44,9943,8821],{"class":2546},[44,9945,121],{"class":58},[44,9947,7318],{"class":8826},[44,9949,55],{"class":54},[44,9951,2948],{"class":62},[44,9953,4652],{"class":66},[44,9955,2948],{"class":62},[44,9957,72],{"class":58},[44,9959,8839],{"class":8826},[44,9961,55],{"class":54},[44,9963,8844],{"class":206},[44,9965,100],{"class":58},[44,9967,9968,9970,9972,9974],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,9969,136],{"class":135},[44,9971,121],{"class":58},[44,9973,8855],{"class":117},[44,9975,100],{"class":58},[20,9977,9978],{},[367,9979,247],{},[35,9981,9982],{"className":37,"code":9251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,9983,9984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,9985,9986,9988,9990,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10006,10008,10010,10012,10014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,9987,8928],{"class":58},[44,9989,2948],{"class":62},[44,9991,7318],{"class":66},[44,9993,2948],{"class":62},[44,9995,1155],{"class":58},[44,9997,2943],{"class":62},[44,9999,4652],{"class":66},[44,10001,2948],{"class":62},[44,10003,72],{"class":58},[44,10005,2943],{"class":62},[44,10007,8949],{"class":66},[44,10009,2948],{"class":62},[44,10011,1155],{"class":58},[44,10013,8956],{"class":206},[44,10015,8959],{"class":58},[20,10017,10018],{},"In this form:",[169,10020,10021,10029],{},[172,10022,10023,10025,10026],{},[15,10024,7318],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10027,10028],{},"'name'",[172,10030,10031,10025,10033],{},[15,10032,8949],{},[15,10034,10035],{},"'age'",[20,10037,10038],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10040,10041],{},"Valid examples:",[35,10043,10045],{"className":37,"code":10044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10046,10047,10085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10048,10049,10051,10053,10055,10057,10060,10062,10064,10067,10069,10071,10074,10076,10078,10081,10083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10050,8816],{"class":50},[44,10052,55],{"class":54},[44,10054,8821],{"class":2546},[44,10056,121],{"class":58},[44,10058,10059],{"class":8826},"city",[44,10061,55],{"class":54},[44,10063,2948],{"class":62},[44,10065,10066],{"class":66},"Paris",[44,10068,2948],{"class":62},[44,10070,72],{"class":58},[44,10072,10073],{"class":8826}," country",[44,10075,55],{"class":54},[44,10077,2948],{"class":62},[44,10079,10080],{"class":66},"France",[44,10082,2948],{"class":62},[44,10084,100],{"class":58},[44,10086,10087,10089,10091,10093],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10088,136],{"class":135},[44,10090,121],{"class":58},[44,10092,8855],{"class":117},[44,10094,100],{"class":58},[20,10096,10097],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[169,10099,10100,10103,10106],{},[172,10101,10102],{},"spaces",[172,10104,10105],{},"hyphens",[172,10107,10108],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10110,10111,10112,10115],{},"For example, this is ",[367,10113,10114],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[35,10117,10119],{"className":37,"code":10118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10120,10121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10122,10123],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10124,10118],{"class":147},[20,10126,10127],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10129,10131],{"className":37,"code":10130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10132,10133,10176],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10134,10135,10137,10139,10142,10144,10147,10149,10151,10153,10155,10157,10159,10161,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10136,8816],{"class":50},[44,10138,55],{"class":54},[44,10140,10141],{"class":58}," {",[44,10143,2948],{"class":62},[44,10145,10146],{"class":66},"first-name",[44,10148,2948],{"class":62},[44,10150,1155],{"class":58},[44,10152,2943],{"class":62},[44,10154,7327],{"class":66},[44,10156,2948],{"class":62},[44,10158,72],{"class":58},[44,10160,2943],{"class":62},[44,10162,10163],{"class":66},"first name",[44,10165,2948],{"class":62},[44,10167,1155],{"class":58},[44,10169,2943],{"class":62},[44,10171,7327],{"class":66},[44,10173,2948],{"class":62},[44,10175,8959],{"class":58},[44,10177,10178,10180,10182,10184],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10179,136],{"class":135},[44,10181,121],{"class":58},[44,10183,8855],{"class":117},[44,10185,100],{"class":58},[20,10187,10188],{},[367,10189,247],{},[35,10191,10193],{"className":37,"code":10192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10194,10195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10196,10197,10199,10201,10203,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219,10221,10223,10225,10227,10229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10198,8928],{"class":58},[44,10200,2948],{"class":62},[44,10202,10146],{"class":66},[44,10204,2948],{"class":62},[44,10206,1155],{"class":58},[44,10208,2943],{"class":62},[44,10210,7327],{"class":66},[44,10212,2948],{"class":62},[44,10214,72],{"class":58},[44,10216,2943],{"class":62},[44,10218,10163],{"class":66},[44,10220,2948],{"class":62},[44,10222,1155],{"class":58},[44,10224,2943],{"class":62},[44,10226,7327],{"class":66},[44,10228,2948],{"class":62},[44,10230,8959],{"class":58},[30,10232,10234,10236,10237],{"id":10233},"dict-vs",[15,10235,8770],{}," vs ",[15,10238,3442],{},[20,10240,10241,10242,898,10244,10246],{},"Both ",[15,10243,8770],{},[15,10245,3442],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[338,10248,651,10250,654],{"id":10249},"use-when",[15,10251,3442],{},[169,10253,10254,10257],{},[172,10255,10256],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[172,10258,10259],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[35,10261,10262],{"className":37,"code":9477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10263,10264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10265,10266,10268,10270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10267,8816],{"class":50},[44,10269,55],{"class":54},[44,10271,9488],{"class":58},[338,10273,651,10275,654],{"id":10274},"use-dict-when",[15,10276,8770],{},[169,10278,10279,10282,10285],{},[172,10280,10281],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[172,10283,10284],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[172,10286,10287],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[35,10289,10291],{"className":37,"code":10290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10292,10293,10330],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10294,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307,10309,10311,10313,10315,10317,10319,10321,10323,10325,10327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10296,8816],{"class":50},[44,10298,55],{"class":54},[44,10300,8821],{"class":2546},[44,10302,9308],{"class":58},[44,10304,2948],{"class":62},[44,10306,270],{"class":66},[44,10308,2948],{"class":62},[44,10310,72],{"class":58},[44,10312,519],{"class":206},[44,10314,8884],{"class":58},[44,10316,59],{"class":58},[44,10318,2948],{"class":62},[44,10320,399],{"class":66},[44,10322,2948],{"class":62},[44,10324,72],{"class":58},[44,10326,488],{"class":206},[44,10328,10329],{"class":58},")])\n",[44,10331,10332,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10333,10334],{"class":50},"info ",[44,10336,55],{"class":54},[44,10338,8821],{"class":2546},[44,10340,121],{"class":58},[44,10342,7318],{"class":8826},[44,10344,55],{"class":54},[44,10346,2948],{"class":62},[44,10348,4652],{"class":66},[44,10350,2948],{"class":62},[44,10352,72],{"class":58},[44,10354,8839],{"class":8826},[44,10356,55],{"class":54},[44,10358,8844],{"class":206},[44,10360,100],{"class":58},[20,10362,10363],{},"So:",[169,10365,10366,10371],{},[172,10367,10368,10370],{},[15,10369,3442],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[172,10372,10373,10375],{},[15,10374,8770],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10377,10378,10379,10383,10384,114],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[270,10380,10382],{"href":10381},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[270,10385,10387,10388,1180],{"href":10386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10389,10390],{},"get()",[30,10392,10394],{"id":10393},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10396,10397,10398,114],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10399,8770],{},[338,10401,10403],{"id":10402},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10405,4175],{},[35,10407,10409],{"className":37,"code":10408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10410,10411,10435],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10412,10413,10415,10417,10419,10421,10423,10425,10427,10429,10431,10433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10414,7429],{"class":50},[44,10416,55],{"class":54},[44,10418,3273],{"class":58},[44,10420,2948],{"class":62},[44,10422,270],{"class":66},[44,10424,2948],{"class":62},[44,10426,72],{"class":58},[44,10428,2943],{"class":62},[44,10430,399],{"class":66},[44,10432,2948],{"class":62},[44,10434,3286],{"class":58},[44,10436,10437,10439,10441,10443,10445,10447],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10438,8816],{"class":50},[44,10440,55],{"class":54},[44,10442,8821],{"class":2546},[44,10444,121],{"class":58},[44,10446,7458],{"class":117},[44,10448,100],{"class":58},[20,10450,10451,10452,114],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10453,10454],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10456,10457],{},"Correct version:",[35,10459,10461],{"className":37,"code":10460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10462,10463,10497,10511],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10464,10465,10467,10469,10471,10473,10475,10477,10479,10481,10483,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10495],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10466,7429],{"class":50},[44,10468,55],{"class":54},[44,10470,8871],{"class":58},[44,10472,2948],{"class":62},[44,10474,270],{"class":66},[44,10476,2948],{"class":62},[44,10478,72],{"class":58},[44,10480,519],{"class":206},[44,10482,8884],{"class":58},[44,10484,59],{"class":58},[44,10486,2948],{"class":62},[44,10488,399],{"class":66},[44,10490,2948],{"class":62},[44,10492,72],{"class":58},[44,10494,488],{"class":206},[44,10496,8899],{"class":58},[44,10498,10499,10501,10503,10505,10507,10509],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10500,8816],{"class":50},[44,10502,55],{"class":54},[44,10504,8821],{"class":2546},[44,10506,121],{"class":58},[44,10508,7458],{"class":117},[44,10510,100],{"class":58},[44,10512,10513,10515,10517,10519],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,10514,136],{"class":135},[44,10516,121],{"class":58},[44,10518,8855],{"class":117},[44,10520,100],{"class":58},[338,10522,10524],{"id":10523},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10526,10527],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[35,10529,10531],{"className":37,"code":10530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10532,10533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10534,10535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10536,10530],{"class":147},[20,10538,10539,10540,1155],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10541,55],{},[35,10543,10545],{"className":37,"code":10544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10546,10547,10569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10548,10549,10551,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10550,8816],{"class":50},[44,10552,55],{"class":54},[44,10554,8821],{"class":2546},[44,10556,121],{"class":58},[44,10558,7318],{"class":8826},[44,10560,55],{"class":54},[44,10562,2948],{"class":62},[44,10564,4652],{"class":66},[44,10566,2948],{"class":62},[44,10568,100],{"class":58},[44,10570,10571,10573,10575,10577],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10572,136],{"class":135},[44,10574,121],{"class":58},[44,10576,8855],{"class":117},[44,10578,100],{"class":58},[338,10580,10582],{"id":10581},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10584,10585],{},"This will not work:",[35,10587,10588],{"className":37,"code":10118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,10589,10590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10591,10592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10593,10118],{"class":147},[20,10595,10596],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[35,10598,10600],{"className":37,"code":10599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10601,10602,10626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10603,10604,10606,10608,10610,10612,10614,10616,10618,10620,10622,10624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10605,8816],{"class":50},[44,10607,55],{"class":54},[44,10609,10141],{"class":58},[44,10611,2948],{"class":62},[44,10613,10146],{"class":66},[44,10615,2948],{"class":62},[44,10617,1155],{"class":58},[44,10619,2943],{"class":62},[44,10621,7327],{"class":66},[44,10623,2948],{"class":62},[44,10625,8959],{"class":58},[44,10627,10628,10630,10632,10634],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10629,136],{"class":135},[44,10631,121],{"class":58},[44,10633,8855],{"class":117},[44,10635,100],{"class":58},[338,10637,10639],{"id":10638},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10641,10642],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[35,10644,10646],{"className":37,"code":10645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10647,10648,10684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10649,10650,10652,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680,10682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10651,8816],{"class":50},[44,10653,55],{"class":54},[44,10655,8821],{"class":2546},[44,10657,9308],{"class":58},[44,10659,2948],{"class":62},[44,10661,1823],{"class":66},[44,10663,2948],{"class":62},[44,10665,72],{"class":58},[44,10667,519],{"class":206},[44,10669,8884],{"class":58},[44,10671,59],{"class":58},[44,10673,2948],{"class":62},[44,10675,1823],{"class":66},[44,10677,2948],{"class":62},[44,10679,72],{"class":58},[44,10681,488],{"class":206},[44,10683,10329],{"class":58},[44,10685,10686,10688,10690,10692],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10687,136],{"class":135},[44,10689,121],{"class":58},[44,10691,8855],{"class":117},[44,10693,100],{"class":58},[20,10695,10696],{},[367,10697,247],{},[35,10699,10701],{"className":37,"code":10700,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10702,10703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10704,10705,10707,10709,10711,10713,10715,10717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10706,8928],{"class":58},[44,10708,2948],{"class":62},[44,10710,1823],{"class":66},[44,10712,2948],{"class":62},[44,10714,1155],{"class":58},[44,10716,488],{"class":206},[44,10718,8959],{"class":58},[20,10720,10721,10722,114],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[270,10723,10725],{"href":10724},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[30,10727,1299],{"id":1298},[20,10729,10730,10731,10733],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10732,8770],{}," include:",[169,10735,10736,10746,10752,10755],{},[172,10737,10738,10739,10742,10743],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10740,10741],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10744,10745],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[172,10747,10748,10749],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10750,10751],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[172,10753,10754],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[172,10756,10757,10758,10760],{},"confusing ",[15,10759,8770],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10762,10763],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,10765,10767],{"className":37,"code":10766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10768,10769,10783,10793,10804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10770,10771,10773,10775,10777,10779,10781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10772,136],{"class":135},[44,10774,121],{"class":58},[44,10776,2868],{"class":2546},[44,10778,121],{"class":58},[44,10780,8855],{"class":117},[44,10782,244],{"class":58},[44,10784,10785,10787,10789,10791],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,10786,136],{"class":135},[44,10788,121],{"class":58},[44,10790,8855],{"class":117},[44,10792,100],{"class":58},[44,10794,10795,10797,10799,10802],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,10796,136],{"class":135},[44,10798,121],{"class":58},[44,10800,10801],{"class":117},"list_of_pairs",[44,10803,100],{"class":58},[44,10805,10806,10808,10810,10812,10814,10816],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,10807,136],{"class":135},[44,10809,121],{"class":58},[44,10811,1365],{"class":135},[44,10813,121],{"class":58},[44,10815,10801],{"class":117},[44,10817,244],{"class":58},[20,10819,10820],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[169,10822,10823,10826,10829],{},[172,10824,10825],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[172,10827,10828],{},"what data is being passed in",[172,10830,10831],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[30,10833,1497],{"id":1496},[338,10835,4828,10837,898,10839,1547],{"id":10836},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10838,8770],{},[15,10840,3442],{},[20,10842,10843,10845,10846,10848],{},[15,10844,3442],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10847,8770],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[338,10850,4818,10852,10854],{"id":10851},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10853,8770],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10856,10857,10858,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10859,10745],{},[338,10861,4806,10863,10866],{"id":10862},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10864,10865],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10868,10869],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[338,10871,10873,10874,10876],{"id":10872},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10875,8770],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10878,10879,10880,10883],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10881,10882],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[30,10885,1554],{"id":1553},[169,10887,10888,10893,10897,10902,10908],{},[172,10889,10890],{},[270,10891,10892],{"href":9041},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[172,10894,10895],{},[270,10896,8806],{"href":8805},[172,10898,10899],{},[270,10900,10901],{"href":10381},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[172,10903,10904],{},[270,10905,10387,10906,1180],{"href":10386},[15,10907,10390],{},[172,10909,10910],{},[270,10911,10912],{"href":10724},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1583,10914,10915],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":10917},[10918,10920,10926,10927,10928,10929,10936,10942,10943,10953],{"id":8995,"depth":103,"text":10919},"What dict() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":10921},[10922,10923,10924,10925],{"id":9052,"depth":132,"text":9053},{"id":9094,"depth":132,"text":9095},{"id":9198,"depth":132,"text":9199},{"id":9288,"depth":132,"text":9289},{"id":9400,"depth":103,"text":9053},{"id":9504,"depth":103,"text":9505},{"id":9927,"depth":103,"text":9928},{"id":10233,"depth":103,"text":10930,"children":10931},"dict() vs {}",[10932,10934],{"id":10249,"depth":132,"text":10933},"Use {} when:",{"id":10274,"depth":132,"text":10935},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10393,"depth":103,"text":10394,"children":10937},[10938,10939,10940,10941],{"id":10402,"depth":132,"text":10403},{"id":10523,"depth":132,"text":10524},{"id":10581,"depth":132,"text":10582},{"id":10638,"depth":132,"text":10639},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":10944},[10945,10947,10949,10951],{"id":10836,"depth":132,"text":10946},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10851,"depth":132,"text":10948},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10862,"depth":132,"text":10950},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10872,"depth":132,"text":10952},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8762,"description":10954},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10961,"title":10962,"body":10963,"description":12472,"extension":1616,"meta":12473,"navigation":434,"path":12474,"seo":12475,"stem":12476,"__hash__":12477},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10964,"toc":12441},[10965,10972,10978,10985,10987,11048,11053,11058,11062,11080,11083,11087,11089,11105,11108,11121,11125,11128,11262,11264,11331,11334,11350,11356,11362,11365,11447,11449,11463,11467,11473,11538,11540,11548,11551,11574,11580,11643,11649,11652,11666,11679,11683,11694,11699,11710,11717,11721,11727,11849,11851,11877,11880,11897,11900,12011,12013,12062,12064,12077,12086,12091,12096,12107,12109,12212,12235,12237,12241,12260,12263,12321,12324,12350,12352,12359,12362,12367,12371,12378,12386,12392,12395,12397,12438],[10,10966,10968,10969,18],{"id":10967},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10970,10971],{},"clear()",[20,10973,10974,10977],{},[15,10975,10976],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10979,10980,10981,10984],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[367,10982,10983],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[30,10986,33],{"id":32},[35,10988,10990],{"className":37,"code":10989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10991,10992,11024,11035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,10993,10994,10996,10998,11000,11002,11004,11006,11008,11010,11012,11014,11016,11018,11020,11022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,10995,8816],{"class":50},[44,10997,55],{"class":54},[44,10999,10141],{"class":58},[44,11001,63],{"class":62},[44,11003,270],{"class":66},[44,11005,63],{"class":62},[44,11007,1155],{"class":58},[44,11009,519],{"class":206},[44,11011,72],{"class":58},[44,11013,75],{"class":62},[44,11015,399],{"class":66},[44,11017,63],{"class":62},[44,11019,1155],{"class":58},[44,11021,488],{"class":206},[44,11023,8959],{"class":58},[44,11025,11026,11028,11030,11033],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11027,8855],{"class":50},[44,11029,114],{"class":58},[44,11031,11032],{"class":117},"clear",[44,11034,8292],{"class":58},[44,11036,11037,11039,11041,11043,11045],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11038,136],{"class":135},[44,11040,121],{"class":58},[44,11042,8855],{"class":117},[44,11044,144],{"class":58},[44,11046,11047],{"class":147},"  # {}\n",[20,11049,11050,11052],{},[15,11051,10971],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[30,11054,158,11056,161],{"id":11055},"what-clear-does",[15,11057,10971],{},[20,11059,164,11060,167],{},[15,11061,10971],{},[169,11063,11064,11067,11070,11075],{},[172,11065,11066],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[172,11068,11069],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[172,11071,11072,11073],{},"Returns ",[15,11074,3428],{},[172,11076,11077,11078],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11079,3442],{},[20,11081,11082],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11084,8802,11085,114],{},[270,11086,8806],{"href":8805},[30,11088,277],{"id":276},[35,11090,11092],{"className":37,"code":11091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11093,11094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11095,11096,11099,11101,11103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11097,11098],{"class":50},"my_dict",[44,11100,114],{"class":58},[44,11102,11032],{"class":117},[44,11104,8292],{"class":58},[20,11106,11107],{},"Important points:",[169,11109,11110,11115,11118],{},[172,11111,11112,11114],{},[15,11113,10971],{}," takes no arguments",[172,11116,11117],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[172,11119,11120],{},"It empties that dictionary",[30,11122,11124],{"id":11123},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,11126,11127],{},"Here is a basic example:",[35,11129,11131],{"className":37,"code":11130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11132,11133,11143,11164,11178,11195,11199,11203,11223,11227,11238,11242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11134,11135,11138,11140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11136,11137],{"class":50},"user ",[44,11139,55],{"class":54},[44,11141,11142],{"class":58}," {\n",[44,11144,11145,11148,11150,11152,11154,11156,11159,11161],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11146,11147],{"class":62},"    \"",[44,11149,7318],{"class":66},[44,11151,63],{"class":62},[44,11153,1155],{"class":58},[44,11155,75],{"class":62},[44,11157,11158],{"class":66},"Maya",[44,11160,63],{"class":62},[44,11162,11163],{"class":58},",\n",[44,11165,11166,11168,11170,11172,11174,11176],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11167,11147],{"class":62},[44,11169,8949],{"class":66},[44,11171,63],{"class":62},[44,11173,1155],{"class":58},[44,11175,8956],{"class":206},[44,11177,11163],{"class":58},[44,11179,11180,11182,11184,11186,11188,11190,11193],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,11181,11147],{"class":62},[44,11183,10059],{"class":66},[44,11185,63],{"class":62},[44,11187,1155],{"class":58},[44,11189,75],{"class":62},[44,11191,11192],{"class":66},"Berlin",[44,11194,3007],{"class":62},[44,11196,11197],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,11198,8959],{"class":58},[44,11200,11201],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,11202,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11204,11205,11207,11209,11211,11214,11216,11218,11221],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,11206,136],{"class":135},[44,11208,121],{"class":58},[44,11210,63],{"class":62},[44,11212,11213],{"class":66},"Before:",[44,11215,63],{"class":62},[44,11217,72],{"class":58},[44,11219,11220],{"class":117}," user",[44,11222,100],{"class":58},[44,11224,11225],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,11226,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11228,11229,11232,11234,11236],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,11230,11231],{"class":50},"user",[44,11233,114],{"class":58},[44,11235,11032],{"class":117},[44,11237,8292],{"class":58},[44,11239,11240],{"class":46,"line":6085},[44,11241,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11254,11256,11258,11260],{"class":46,"line":11244},11,[44,11246,136],{"class":135},[44,11248,121],{"class":58},[44,11250,63],{"class":62},[44,11252,11253],{"class":66},"After:",[44,11255,63],{"class":62},[44,11257,72],{"class":58},[44,11259,11220],{"class":117},[44,11261,100],{"class":58},[20,11263,5207],{},[35,11265,11267],{"className":37,"code":11266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11268,11269,11322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11270,11271,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282,11284,11286,11288,11290,11292,11294,11296,11298,11300,11302,11304,11306,11308,11310,11312,11314,11316,11318,11320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11272,11273],{"class":50},"Before",[44,11275,1155],{"class":58},[44,11277,10141],{"class":58},[44,11279,2948],{"class":62},[44,11281,7318],{"class":66},[44,11283,2948],{"class":62},[44,11285,1155],{"class":58},[44,11287,2943],{"class":62},[44,11289,11158],{"class":66},[44,11291,2948],{"class":62},[44,11293,72],{"class":58},[44,11295,2943],{"class":62},[44,11297,8949],{"class":66},[44,11299,2948],{"class":62},[44,11301,1155],{"class":58},[44,11303,8956],{"class":206},[44,11305,72],{"class":58},[44,11307,2943],{"class":62},[44,11309,10059],{"class":66},[44,11311,2948],{"class":62},[44,11313,1155],{"class":58},[44,11315,2943],{"class":62},[44,11317,11192],{"class":66},[44,11319,2948],{"class":62},[44,11321,8959],{"class":58},[44,11323,11324,11327,11329],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11325,11326],{"class":50},"After",[44,11328,1155],{"class":58},[44,11330,9488],{"class":58},[20,11332,11333],{},"What happens here:",[169,11335,11336,11341,11347],{},[172,11337,11338,11340],{},[15,11339,11231],{}," starts with three items",[172,11342,11343,11346],{},[15,11344,11345],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[172,11348,11349],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[30,11351,158,11353,11355],{"id":11352},"what-clear-returns",[15,11354,10971],{}," returns",[20,11357,11358,2044,11360,114],{},[15,11359,10971],{},[15,11361,3428],{},[20,11363,11364],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,11366,11368],{"className":37,"code":11367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11369,11370,11404,11408,11423,11427,11437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11371,11372,11375,11377,11379,11381,11383,11385,11387,11389,11391,11393,11396,11398,11400,11402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11373,11374],{"class":50},"my_dict ",[44,11376,55],{"class":54},[44,11378,10141],{"class":58},[44,11380,63],{"class":62},[44,11382,1823],{"class":66},[44,11384,63],{"class":62},[44,11386,1155],{"class":58},[44,11388,519],{"class":206},[44,11390,72],{"class":58},[44,11392,75],{"class":62},[44,11394,11395],{"class":66},"y",[44,11397,63],{"class":62},[44,11399,1155],{"class":58},[44,11401,488],{"class":206},[44,11403,8959],{"class":58},[44,11405,11406],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11407,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11409,11410,11412,11414,11417,11419,11421],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11411,604],{"class":50},[44,11413,55],{"class":54},[44,11415,11416],{"class":50}," my_dict",[44,11418,114],{"class":58},[44,11420,11032],{"class":117},[44,11422,8292],{"class":58},[44,11424,11425],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,11426,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11428,11429,11431,11433,11435],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,11430,136],{"class":135},[44,11432,121],{"class":58},[44,11434,632],{"class":117},[44,11436,100],{"class":58},[44,11438,11439,11441,11443,11445],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,11440,136],{"class":135},[44,11442,121],{"class":58},[44,11444,11098],{"class":117},[44,11446,100],{"class":58},[20,11448,247],{},[35,11450,11452],{"className":37,"code":11451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{}\n",[15,11453,11454,11459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11455,11456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11457,11458],{"class":3502},"None\n",[44,11460,11461],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11462,9085],{"class":58},[338,11464,11466],{"id":11465},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11468,11469,11470,11472],{},"Do ",[367,11471,881],{}," do this:",[35,11474,11476],{"className":37,"code":11475,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11477,11478,11510,11524,11528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11479,11480,11482,11484,11486,11488,11490,11492,11494,11496,11498,11500,11502,11504,11506,11508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11481,11374],{"class":50},[44,11483,55],{"class":54},[44,11485,10141],{"class":58},[44,11487,63],{"class":62},[44,11489,1823],{"class":66},[44,11491,63],{"class":62},[44,11493,1155],{"class":58},[44,11495,519],{"class":206},[44,11497,72],{"class":58},[44,11499,75],{"class":62},[44,11501,11395],{"class":66},[44,11503,63],{"class":62},[44,11505,1155],{"class":58},[44,11507,488],{"class":206},[44,11509,8959],{"class":58},[44,11511,11512,11514,11516,11518,11520,11522],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11513,11374],{"class":50},[44,11515,55],{"class":54},[44,11517,11416],{"class":50},[44,11519,114],{"class":58},[44,11521,11032],{"class":117},[44,11523,8292],{"class":58},[44,11525,11526],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11527,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11529,11530,11532,11534,11536],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,11531,136],{"class":135},[44,11533,121],{"class":58},[44,11535,11098],{"class":117},[44,11537,100],{"class":58},[20,11539,247],{},[35,11541,11542],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11543,11544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11545,11546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11547,11458],{"class":3502},[20,11549,11550],{},"Why this happens:",[169,11552,11553,11559,11564],{},[172,11554,11555,11558],{},[15,11556,11557],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[172,11560,11561,11562],{},"The method returns ",[15,11563,3428],{},[172,11565,11566,11567,11570,11571,11573],{},"Then ",[15,11568,11569],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11572,3428],{}," in the variable",[20,11575,11576,11577,11579],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11578,10971],{}," by itself:",[35,11581,11583],{"className":37,"code":11582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11584,11585,11617,11627,11631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11586,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11597,11599,11601,11603,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11588,11374],{"class":50},[44,11590,55],{"class":54},[44,11592,10141],{"class":58},[44,11594,63],{"class":62},[44,11596,1823],{"class":66},[44,11598,63],{"class":62},[44,11600,1155],{"class":58},[44,11602,519],{"class":206},[44,11604,72],{"class":58},[44,11606,75],{"class":62},[44,11608,11395],{"class":66},[44,11610,63],{"class":62},[44,11612,1155],{"class":58},[44,11614,488],{"class":206},[44,11616,8959],{"class":58},[44,11618,11619,11621,11623,11625],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11620,11098],{"class":50},[44,11622,114],{"class":58},[44,11624,11032],{"class":117},[44,11626,8292],{"class":58},[44,11628,11629],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11630,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11632,11633,11635,11637,11639,11641],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,11634,136],{"class":135},[44,11636,121],{"class":58},[44,11638,11098],{"class":117},[44,11640,144],{"class":58},[44,11642,11047],{"class":147},[30,11644,11646,11648],{"id":11645},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11647,10971],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11650,11651],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[35,11653,11654],{"className":37,"code":11091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,11655,11656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11657,11658,11660,11662,11664],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11659,11098],{"class":50},[44,11661,114],{"class":58},[44,11663,11032],{"class":117},[44,11665,8292],{"class":58},[35,11667,11669],{"className":37,"code":11668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11670,11671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11672,11673,11675,11677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11674,11374],{"class":50},[44,11676,55],{"class":54},[44,11678,9488],{"class":58},[338,11680,11681],{"id":11032},[15,11682,10971],{},[169,11684,11685,11688,11691],{},[172,11686,11687],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[172,11689,11690],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[172,11692,11693],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[338,11695,11696],{"id":11098},[15,11697,11698],{},"my_dict = {}",[169,11700,11701,11704,11707],{},[172,11702,11703],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[172,11705,11706],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[172,11708,11709],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11711,11712,11713,114],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[270,11714,11716],{"href":11715},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[30,11718,11720],{"id":11719},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11722,11723,11724,11726],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11725,10971],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[35,11728,11730],{"className":37,"code":11729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11731,11732,11765,11775,11779,11790,11794,11814,11834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11733,11734,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759,11761,11763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11735,11736],{"class":50},"original ",[44,11738,55],{"class":54},[44,11740,10141],{"class":58},[44,11742,63],{"class":62},[44,11744,270],{"class":66},[44,11746,63],{"class":62},[44,11748,1155],{"class":58},[44,11750,519],{"class":206},[44,11752,72],{"class":58},[44,11754,75],{"class":62},[44,11756,399],{"class":66},[44,11758,63],{"class":62},[44,11760,1155],{"class":58},[44,11762,488],{"class":206},[44,11764,8959],{"class":58},[44,11766,11767,11770,11772],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11768,11769],{"class":50},"other_ref ",[44,11771,55],{"class":54},[44,11773,11774],{"class":50}," original\n",[44,11776,11777],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11778,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11780,11781,11784,11786,11788],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,11782,11783],{"class":50},"original",[44,11785,114],{"class":58},[44,11787,11032],{"class":117},[44,11789,8292],{"class":58},[44,11791,11792],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,11793,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11795,11796,11798,11800,11802,11805,11807,11809,11812],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,11797,136],{"class":135},[44,11799,121],{"class":58},[44,11801,63],{"class":62},[44,11803,11804],{"class":66},"original:",[44,11806,63],{"class":62},[44,11808,72],{"class":58},[44,11810,11811],{"class":117}," original",[44,11813,100],{"class":58},[44,11815,11816,11818,11820,11822,11825,11827,11829,11832],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,11817,136],{"class":135},[44,11819,121],{"class":58},[44,11821,63],{"class":62},[44,11823,11824],{"class":66},"other_ref:",[44,11826,63],{"class":62},[44,11828,72],{"class":58},[44,11830,11831],{"class":117}," other_ref",[44,11833,100],{"class":58},[44,11835,11836,11838,11840,11842,11845,11847],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,11837,136],{"class":135},[44,11839,121],{"class":58},[44,11841,11736],{"class":117},[44,11843,11844],{"class":805},"is",[44,11846,11831],{"class":117},[44,11848,100],{"class":58},[20,11850,247],{},[35,11852,11854],{"className":37,"code":11853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11855,11856,11864,11873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11857,11858,11860,11862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11859,11783],{"class":50},[44,11861,1155],{"class":58},[44,11863,9488],{"class":58},[44,11865,11866,11869,11871],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11867,11868],{"class":50},"other_ref",[44,11870,1155],{"class":58},[44,11872,9488],{"class":58},[44,11874,11875],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11876,3629],{"class":3502},[20,11878,11879],{},"This shows:",[169,11881,11882,11889,11894],{},[172,11883,11884,898,11886,11888],{},[15,11885,11783],{},[15,11887,11868],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[172,11890,11891,11893],{},[15,11892,10971],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[172,11895,11896],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11898,11899],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[35,11901,11903],{"className":37,"code":11902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11904,11905,11937,11945,11949,11957,11961,11979,11997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,11906,11907,11909,11911,11913,11915,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,11908,11736],{"class":50},[44,11910,55],{"class":54},[44,11912,10141],{"class":58},[44,11914,63],{"class":62},[44,11916,270],{"class":66},[44,11918,63],{"class":62},[44,11920,1155],{"class":58},[44,11922,519],{"class":206},[44,11924,72],{"class":58},[44,11926,75],{"class":62},[44,11928,399],{"class":66},[44,11930,63],{"class":62},[44,11932,1155],{"class":58},[44,11934,488],{"class":206},[44,11936,8959],{"class":58},[44,11938,11939,11941,11943],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,11940,11769],{"class":50},[44,11942,55],{"class":54},[44,11944,11774],{"class":50},[44,11946,11947],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,11948,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11950,11951,11953,11955],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,11952,11736],{"class":50},[44,11954,55],{"class":54},[44,11956,9488],{"class":58},[44,11958,11959],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,11960,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,11962,11963,11965,11967,11969,11971,11973,11975,11977],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,11964,136],{"class":135},[44,11966,121],{"class":58},[44,11968,63],{"class":62},[44,11970,11804],{"class":66},[44,11972,63],{"class":62},[44,11974,72],{"class":58},[44,11976,11811],{"class":117},[44,11978,100],{"class":58},[44,11980,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,11982,136],{"class":135},[44,11984,121],{"class":58},[44,11986,63],{"class":62},[44,11988,11824],{"class":66},[44,11990,63],{"class":62},[44,11992,72],{"class":58},[44,11994,11831],{"class":117},[44,11996,100],{"class":58},[44,11998,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007,12009],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,12000,136],{"class":135},[44,12002,121],{"class":58},[44,12004,11736],{"class":117},[44,12006,11844],{"class":805},[44,12008,11831],{"class":117},[44,12010,100],{"class":58},[20,12012,247],{},[35,12014,12016],{"className":37,"code":12015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12017,12018,12026,12058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12019,12020,12022,12024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12021,11783],{"class":50},[44,12023,1155],{"class":58},[44,12025,9488],{"class":58},[44,12027,12028,12030,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052,12054,12056],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,12029,11868],{"class":50},[44,12031,1155],{"class":58},[44,12033,10141],{"class":58},[44,12035,2948],{"class":62},[44,12037,270],{"class":66},[44,12039,2948],{"class":62},[44,12041,1155],{"class":58},[44,12043,519],{"class":206},[44,12045,72],{"class":58},[44,12047,2943],{"class":62},[44,12049,399],{"class":66},[44,12051,2948],{"class":62},[44,12053,1155],{"class":58},[44,12055,488],{"class":206},[44,12057,8959],{"class":58},[44,12059,12060],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12061,3690],{"class":3502},[20,12063,1282],{},[169,12065,12066,12072],{},[172,12067,12068,12071],{},[15,12069,12070],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[172,12073,12074,12076],{},[15,12075,11868],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12078,12079,12080,114],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[270,12081,12083],{"href":12082},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12084,12085],{},"dict.copy()",[30,12087,4609,12089],{"id":12088},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12090,10971],{},[20,12092,12093,12095],{},[15,12094,10971],{}," is useful when you want to:",[169,12097,12098,12101,12104],{},[172,12099,12100],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[172,12102,12103],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[172,12105,12106],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12108,189],{},[35,12110,12112],{"className":37,"code":12111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12113,12114,12123,12139,12159,12172,12176,12180,12185,12196,12200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12115,12116,12119,12121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12117,12118],{"class":50},"session_data ",[44,12120,55],{"class":54},[44,12122,11142],{"class":58},[44,12124,12125,12127,12130,12132,12134,12137],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,12126,11147],{"class":62},[44,12128,12129],{"class":66},"user_id",[44,12131,63],{"class":62},[44,12133,1155],{"class":58},[44,12135,12136],{"class":206}," 101",[44,12138,11163],{"class":58},[44,12140,12141,12143,12146,12148,12150,12152,12155,12157],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12142,11147],{"class":62},[44,12144,12145],{"class":66},"theme",[44,12147,63],{"class":62},[44,12149,1155],{"class":58},[44,12151,75],{"class":62},[44,12153,12154],{"class":66},"dark",[44,12156,63],{"class":62},[44,12158,11163],{"class":58},[44,12160,12161,12163,12166,12168,12170],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,12162,11147],{"class":62},[44,12164,12165],{"class":66},"logged_in",[44,12167,63],{"class":62},[44,12169,1155],{"class":58},[44,12171,6071],{"class":3502},[44,12173,12174],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,12175,8959],{"class":58},[44,12177,12178],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,12179,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,12181,12182],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,12183,12184],{"class":147},"# Reset for a new session\n",[44,12186,12187,12190,12192,12194],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,12188,12189],{"class":50},"session_data",[44,12191,114],{"class":58},[44,12193,11032],{"class":117},[44,12195,8292],{"class":58},[44,12197,12198],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,12199,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,12201,12202,12204,12206,12208,12210],{"class":46,"line":6085},[44,12203,136],{"class":135},[44,12205,121],{"class":58},[44,12207,12189],{"class":117},[44,12209,144],{"class":58},[44,12211,11047],{"class":147},[20,12213,12214,12215,12221,12222,114,12226,12228,12229,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[270,12216,12218],{"href":12217},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12219,12220],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[270,12223,12225],{"href":12224},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9496,12227],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[270,12230,12232],{"href":12231},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12233,12234],{},"dict.popitem()",[30,12236,1299],{"id":1298},[20,12238,10397,12239,1155],{},[15,12240,10971],{},[169,12242,12243,12249,12254,12257],{},[172,12244,12245,12246,12248],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12247,10971],{}," to a variable",[172,12250,1312,12251,12253],{},[15,12252,10971],{}," to return a new dictionary",[172,12255,12256],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[172,12258,12259],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12261,12262],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[35,12264,12266],{"className":37,"code":12265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12267,12268,12278,12292,12307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12269,12270,12272,12274,12276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12271,136],{"class":135},[44,12273,121],{"class":58},[44,12275,11098],{"class":117},[44,12277,100],{"class":58},[44,12279,12280,12282,12284,12286,12288,12290],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,12281,136],{"class":135},[44,12283,121],{"class":58},[44,12285,2868],{"class":2546},[44,12287,121],{"class":58},[44,12289,11098],{"class":117},[44,12291,244],{"class":58},[44,12293,12294,12296,12298,12301,12303,12305],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12295,136],{"class":135},[44,12297,121],{"class":58},[44,12299,12300],{"class":135},"id",[44,12302,121],{"class":58},[44,12304,11098],{"class":117},[44,12306,244],{"class":58},[44,12308,12309,12311,12313,12315,12317,12319],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,12310,136],{"class":135},[44,12312,121],{"class":58},[44,12314,11769],{"class":117},[44,12316,11844],{"class":805},[44,12318,11416],{"class":117},[44,12320,100],{"class":58},[20,12322,12323],{},"What these show:",[169,12325,12326,12332,12338,12344],{},[172,12327,12328,12331],{},[15,12329,12330],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[172,12333,12334,12337],{},[15,12335,12336],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[172,12339,12340,12343],{},[15,12341,12342],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[172,12345,12346,12349],{},[15,12347,12348],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[30,12351,1497],{"id":1496},[338,12353,12355,12356,12358],{"id":12354},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12357,10971],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12360,12361],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[338,12363,1501,12365,1504],{"id":12364},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12366,10976],{},[20,12368,4796,12369,114],{},[15,12370,3428],{},[338,12372,4828,12374,898,12376,1547],{"id":12373},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12375,10971],{},[15,12377,3442],{},[20,12379,12380,12382,12383,12385],{},[15,12381,10971],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12384,3442],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[338,12387,12355,12389,12391],{"id":12388},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12390,10971],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12393,12394],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[30,12396,1554],{"id":1553},[169,12398,12399,12403,12407,12414,12421,12428,12433],{},[172,12400,12401],{},[270,12402,8806],{"href":8805},[172,12404,12405],{},[270,12406,10892],{"href":9041},[172,12408,12409],{},[270,12410,10387,12411,1180],{"href":12217},[15,12412,12413],{},"pop()",[172,12415,12416],{},[270,12417,10387,12418,1180],{"href":12231},[15,12419,12420],{},"popitem()",[172,12422,12423],{},[270,12424,10387,12425,1180],{"href":12082},[15,12426,12427],{},"copy()",[172,12429,12430],{},[270,12431,12432],{"href":11715},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[172,12434,12435],{},[270,12436,12437],{"href":12224},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1583,12439,12440],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":12442},[12443,12444,12446,12447,12448,12452,12457,12458,12460,12461,12471],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":11055,"depth":103,"text":12445},"What clear() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":11352,"depth":103,"text":12449,"children":12450},"What clear() returns",[12451],{"id":11465,"depth":132,"text":11466},{"id":11645,"depth":103,"text":12453,"children":12454},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12455,12456],{"id":11032,"depth":132,"text":10971},{"id":11098,"depth":132,"text":11698},{"id":11719,"depth":103,"text":11720},{"id":12088,"depth":103,"text":12459},"When to use clear()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":12462},[12463,12465,12467,12469],{"id":12354,"depth":132,"text":12464},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12364,"depth":132,"text":12466},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12373,"depth":132,"text":12468},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12388,"depth":132,"text":12470},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10962,"description":12472},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12479,"title":12480,"body":12481,"description":14645,"extension":1616,"meta":14646,"navigation":434,"path":14647,"seo":14648,"stem":14649,"__hash__":14650},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12482,"toc":14617},[12483,12488,12493,12503,12505,12594,12598,12639,12644,12651,12669,12678,12680,12701,12704,12716,12718,12793,12797,12838,12840,12843,12971,12975,13055,13058,13076,13079,13083,13089,13091,13102,13104,13299,13303,13409,13412,13430,13433,13440,13445,13449,13463,13465,13592,13596,13676,13689,13695,13698,13706,13710,13836,13840,13914,13919,14050,14054,14128,14131,14145,14149,14153,14167,14169,14305,14309,14378,14380,14385,14407,14410,14517,14520,14531,14538,14540,14546,14549,14555,14558,14565,14573,14577,14580,14582,14614],[10,12484,10968,12486,18],{"id":12485},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12487,12427],{},[20,12489,12490,12492],{},[15,12491,12085],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12494,12495,12496,12498,12499,12502],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12497,12427],{}," makes a ",[367,12500,12501],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[30,12504,33],{"id":32},[35,12506,12508],{"className":37,"code":12507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12509,12510,12548,12565,12569,12580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12511,12512,12515,12517,12519,12521,12523,12525,12527,12529,12532,12534,12536,12538,12540,12542,12544,12546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12513,12514],{"class":50},"student ",[44,12516,55],{"class":54},[44,12518,10141],{"class":58},[44,12520,63],{"class":62},[44,12522,7318],{"class":66},[44,12524,63],{"class":62},[44,12526,1155],{"class":58},[44,12528,75],{"class":62},[44,12530,12531],{"class":66},"Ana",[44,12533,63],{"class":62},[44,12535,72],{"class":58},[44,12537,75],{"class":62},[44,12539,8949],{"class":66},[44,12541,63],{"class":62},[44,12543,1155],{"class":58},[44,12545,212],{"class":206},[44,12547,8959],{"class":58},[44,12549,12550,12553,12555,12558,12560,12563],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,12551,12552],{"class":50},"student_copy ",[44,12554,55],{"class":54},[44,12556,12557],{"class":50}," student",[44,12559,114],{"class":58},[44,12561,12562],{"class":117},"copy",[44,12564,8292],{"class":58},[44,12566,12567],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12568,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,12570,12571,12573,12575,12578],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,12572,136],{"class":135},[44,12574,121],{"class":58},[44,12576,12577],{"class":117},"student_copy",[44,12579,100],{"class":58},[44,12581,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,12583,136],{"class":135},[44,12585,121],{"class":58},[44,12587,12552],{"class":117},[44,12589,11844],{"class":805},[44,12591,12557],{"class":117},[44,12593,100],{"class":58},[20,12595,12596],{},[367,12597,247],{},[35,12599,12601],{"className":37,"code":12600,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12602,12603,12635],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12604,12605,12607,12609,12611,12613,12615,12617,12619,12621,12623,12625,12627,12629,12631,12633],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12606,8928],{"class":58},[44,12608,2948],{"class":62},[44,12610,7318],{"class":66},[44,12612,2948],{"class":62},[44,12614,1155],{"class":58},[44,12616,2943],{"class":62},[44,12618,12531],{"class":66},[44,12620,2948],{"class":62},[44,12622,72],{"class":58},[44,12624,2943],{"class":62},[44,12626,8949],{"class":66},[44,12628,2948],{"class":62},[44,12630,1155],{"class":58},[44,12632,212],{"class":206},[44,12634,8959],{"class":58},[44,12636,12637],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,12638,3690],{"class":3502},[20,12640,651,12641,12643],{},[15,12642,12427],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[30,12645,12647,12648,12650],{"id":12646},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12649,12427],{}," method does",[169,12652,12653,12658,12661,12666],{},[172,12654,12655,12657],{},[15,12656,12085],{}," returns a new dictionary",[172,12659,12660],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[172,12662,12663,12664],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12665,12427],{},[172,12667,12668],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12670,12671,12672,2522,12675,114],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[270,12673,8806],{"href":12674},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[270,12676,9042],{"href":12677},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[30,12679,277],{"id":276},[35,12681,12683],{"className":37,"code":12682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12684,12685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12686,12687,12690,12692,12695,12697,12699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12688,12689],{"class":50},"new_dict ",[44,12691,55],{"class":54},[44,12693,12694],{"class":50}," old_dict",[44,12696,114],{"class":58},[44,12698,12562],{"class":117},[44,12700,8292],{"class":58},[20,12702,12703],{},"Key points:",[169,12705,12706,12710,12713],{},[172,12707,12708,11114],{},[15,12709,12427],{},[172,12711,12712],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[172,12714,12715],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12717,189],{},[35,12719,12721],{"className":37,"code":12720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12722,12723,12763,12778,12782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12724,12725,12727,12729,12731,12733,12735,12737,12739,12741,12743,12745,12747,12749,12751,12753,12755,12757,12759,12761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12726,51],{"class":50},[44,12728,55],{"class":54},[44,12730,10141],{"class":58},[44,12732,63],{"class":62},[44,12734,270],{"class":66},[44,12736,63],{"class":62},[44,12738,1155],{"class":58},[44,12740,75],{"class":62},[44,12742,67],{"class":66},[44,12744,63],{"class":62},[44,12746,72],{"class":58},[44,12748,75],{"class":62},[44,12750,399],{"class":66},[44,12752,63],{"class":62},[44,12754,1155],{"class":58},[44,12756,75],{"class":62},[44,12758,78],{"class":66},[44,12760,63],{"class":62},[44,12762,8959],{"class":58},[44,12764,12765,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,12766,12767],{"class":50},"new_colors ",[44,12769,55],{"class":54},[44,12771,111],{"class":50},[44,12773,114],{"class":58},[44,12775,12562],{"class":117},[44,12777,8292],{"class":58},[44,12779,12780],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12781,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,12783,12784,12786,12788,12791],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,12785,136],{"class":135},[44,12787,121],{"class":58},[44,12789,12790],{"class":117},"new_colors",[44,12792,100],{"class":58},[20,12794,12795],{},[367,12796,247],{},[35,12798,12800],{"className":37,"code":12799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12801,12802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12803,12804,12806,12808,12810,12812,12814,12816,12818,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834,12836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12805,8928],{"class":58},[44,12807,2948],{"class":62},[44,12809,270],{"class":66},[44,12811,2948],{"class":62},[44,12813,1155],{"class":58},[44,12815,2943],{"class":62},[44,12817,67],{"class":66},[44,12819,2948],{"class":62},[44,12821,72],{"class":58},[44,12823,2943],{"class":62},[44,12825,399],{"class":66},[44,12827,2948],{"class":62},[44,12829,1155],{"class":58},[44,12831,2943],{"class":62},[44,12833,78],{"class":66},[44,12835,2948],{"class":62},[44,12837,8959],{"class":58},[30,12839,11124],{"id":11123},[20,12841,12842],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[35,12844,12846],{"className":37,"code":12845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12847,12848,12886,12902,12906,12928,12932,12951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12849,12850,12853,12855,12857,12859,12861,12863,12865,12867,12870,12872,12874,12876,12878,12880,12882,12884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12851,12852],{"class":50},"person ",[44,12854,55],{"class":54},[44,12856,10141],{"class":58},[44,12858,63],{"class":62},[44,12860,7318],{"class":66},[44,12862,63],{"class":62},[44,12864,1155],{"class":58},[44,12866,75],{"class":62},[44,12868,12869],{"class":66},"Liam",[44,12871,63],{"class":62},[44,12873,72],{"class":58},[44,12875,75],{"class":62},[44,12877,8949],{"class":66},[44,12879,63],{"class":62},[44,12881,1155],{"class":58},[44,12883,8956],{"class":206},[44,12885,8959],{"class":58},[44,12887,12888,12891,12893,12896,12898,12900],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,12889,12890],{"class":50},"person_copy ",[44,12892,55],{"class":54},[44,12894,12895],{"class":50}," person",[44,12897,114],{"class":58},[44,12899,12562],{"class":117},[44,12901,8292],{"class":58},[44,12903,12904],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,12905,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,12907,12908,12911,12913,12915,12917,12919,12922,12925],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,12909,12910],{"class":50},"person_copy",[44,12912,1271],{"class":58},[44,12914,63],{"class":62},[44,12916,8949],{"class":66},[44,12918,63],{"class":62},[44,12920,12921],{"class":58},"]",[44,12923,12924],{"class":54}," =",[44,12926,12927],{"class":206}," 26\n",[44,12929,12930],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,12931,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,12933,12934,12936,12938,12940,12943,12945,12947,12949],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,12935,136],{"class":135},[44,12937,121],{"class":58},[44,12939,63],{"class":62},[44,12941,12942],{"class":66},"Original:",[44,12944,63],{"class":62},[44,12946,72],{"class":58},[44,12948,12895],{"class":117},[44,12950,100],{"class":58},[44,12952,12953,12955,12957,12959,12962,12964,12966,12969],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,12954,136],{"class":135},[44,12956,121],{"class":58},[44,12958,63],{"class":62},[44,12960,12961],{"class":66},"Copy:",[44,12963,63],{"class":62},[44,12965,72],{"class":58},[44,12967,12968],{"class":117}," person_copy",[44,12970,100],{"class":58},[20,12972,12973],{},[367,12974,247],{},[35,12976,12978],{"className":37,"code":12977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12979,12980,13017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,12981,12982,12985,12987,12989,12991,12993,12995,12997,12999,13001,13003,13005,13007,13009,13011,13013,13015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,12983,12984],{"class":50},"Original",[44,12986,1155],{"class":58},[44,12988,10141],{"class":58},[44,12990,2948],{"class":62},[44,12992,7318],{"class":66},[44,12994,2948],{"class":62},[44,12996,1155],{"class":58},[44,12998,2943],{"class":62},[44,13000,12869],{"class":66},[44,13002,2948],{"class":62},[44,13004,72],{"class":58},[44,13006,2943],{"class":62},[44,13008,8949],{"class":66},[44,13010,2948],{"class":62},[44,13012,1155],{"class":58},[44,13014,8956],{"class":206},[44,13016,8959],{"class":58},[44,13018,13019,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030,13032,13034,13036,13038,13040,13042,13044,13046,13048,13050,13053],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13020,13021],{"class":50},"Copy",[44,13023,1155],{"class":58},[44,13025,10141],{"class":58},[44,13027,2948],{"class":62},[44,13029,7318],{"class":66},[44,13031,2948],{"class":62},[44,13033,1155],{"class":58},[44,13035,2943],{"class":62},[44,13037,12869],{"class":66},[44,13039,2948],{"class":62},[44,13041,72],{"class":58},[44,13043,2943],{"class":62},[44,13045,8949],{"class":66},[44,13047,2948],{"class":62},[44,13049,1155],{"class":58},[44,13051,13052],{"class":206}," 26",[44,13054,8959],{"class":58},[20,13056,13057],{},"What happened here:",[169,13059,13060,13066,13073],{},[172,13061,13062,13065],{},[15,13063,13064],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[172,13067,13068,13069,13072],{},"Changing ",[15,13070,13071],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[172,13074,13075],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13077,13078],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[30,13080,13082],{"id":13081},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13084,13085,12498,13087,114],{},[15,13086,12427],{},[367,13088,12501],{},[20,13090,1758],{},[169,13092,13093,13096,13099],{},[172,13094,13095],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[172,13097,13098],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[172,13100,13101],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13103,189],{},[35,13105,13107],{"className":37,"code":13106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13108,13109,13117,13135,13158,13162,13166,13180,13184,13209,13213,13231,13250,13265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13110,13111,13113,13115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13112,12514],{"class":50},[44,13114,55],{"class":54},[44,13116,11142],{"class":58},[44,13118,13119,13121,13123,13125,13127,13129,13131,13133],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13120,11147],{"class":62},[44,13122,7318],{"class":66},[44,13124,63],{"class":62},[44,13126,1155],{"class":58},[44,13128,75],{"class":62},[44,13130,12531],{"class":66},[44,13132,63],{"class":62},[44,13134,11163],{"class":58},[44,13136,13137,13139,13142,13144,13146,13148,13151,13153,13156],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13138,11147],{"class":62},[44,13140,13141],{"class":66},"grades",[44,13143,63],{"class":62},[44,13145,1155],{"class":58},[44,13147,3273],{"class":58},[44,13149,13150],{"class":206},"90",[44,13152,72],{"class":58},[44,13154,13155],{"class":206}," 85",[44,13157,3286],{"class":58},[44,13159,13160],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,13161,8959],{"class":58},[44,13163,13164],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,13165,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13167,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,13169,12552],{"class":50},[44,13171,55],{"class":54},[44,13173,12557],{"class":50},[44,13175,114],{"class":58},[44,13177,12562],{"class":117},[44,13179,8292],{"class":58},[44,13181,13182],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,13183,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13185,13186,13188,13190,13192,13194,13196,13199,13202,13204,13207],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,13187,12577],{"class":50},[44,13189,1271],{"class":58},[44,13191,63],{"class":62},[44,13193,13141],{"class":66},[44,13195,63],{"class":62},[44,13197,13198],{"class":58},"].",[44,13200,13201],{"class":117},"append",[44,13203,121],{"class":58},[44,13205,13206],{"class":206},"100",[44,13208,100],{"class":58},[44,13210,13211],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,13212,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13214,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225,13227,13229],{"class":46,"line":6085},[44,13216,136],{"class":135},[44,13218,121],{"class":58},[44,13220,63],{"class":62},[44,13222,12942],{"class":66},[44,13224,63],{"class":62},[44,13226,72],{"class":58},[44,13228,12557],{"class":117},[44,13230,100],{"class":58},[44,13232,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13248],{"class":46,"line":11244},[44,13234,136],{"class":135},[44,13236,121],{"class":58},[44,13238,63],{"class":62},[44,13240,12961],{"class":66},[44,13242,63],{"class":62},[44,13244,72],{"class":58},[44,13246,13247],{"class":117}," student_copy",[44,13249,100],{"class":58},[44,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259,13261,13263],{"class":46,"line":13252},12,[44,13254,136],{"class":135},[44,13256,121],{"class":58},[44,13258,12514],{"class":117},[44,13260,11844],{"class":805},[44,13262,13247],{"class":117},[44,13264,100],{"class":58},[44,13266,13268,13270,13272,13275,13277,13279,13281,13283,13285,13287,13289,13291,13293,13295,13297],{"class":46,"line":13267},13,[44,13269,136],{"class":135},[44,13271,121],{"class":58},[44,13273,13274],{"class":117},"student",[44,13276,1271],{"class":58},[44,13278,63],{"class":62},[44,13280,13141],{"class":66},[44,13282,63],{"class":62},[44,13284,12921],{"class":58},[44,13286,7745],{"class":805},[44,13288,13247],{"class":117},[44,13290,1271],{"class":58},[44,13292,63],{"class":62},[44,13294,13141],{"class":66},[44,13296,63],{"class":62},[44,13298,3538],{"class":58},[20,13300,13301],{},[367,13302,247],{},[35,13304,13306],{"className":37,"code":13305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13307,13308,13355,13401,13405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13309,13310,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326,13328,13330,13332,13334,13336,13338,13340,13342,13344,13346,13348,13350,13352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13311,12984],{"class":50},[44,13313,1155],{"class":58},[44,13315,10141],{"class":58},[44,13317,2948],{"class":62},[44,13319,7318],{"class":66},[44,13321,2948],{"class":62},[44,13323,1155],{"class":58},[44,13325,2943],{"class":62},[44,13327,12531],{"class":66},[44,13329,2948],{"class":62},[44,13331,72],{"class":58},[44,13333,2943],{"class":62},[44,13335,13141],{"class":66},[44,13337,2948],{"class":62},[44,13339,1155],{"class":58},[44,13341,3273],{"class":58},[44,13343,13150],{"class":206},[44,13345,72],{"class":58},[44,13347,13155],{"class":206},[44,13349,72],{"class":58},[44,13351,9768],{"class":206},[44,13353,13354],{"class":58},"]}\n",[44,13356,13357,13359,13361,13363,13365,13367,13369,13371,13373,13375,13377,13379,13381,13383,13385,13387,13389,13391,13393,13395,13397,13399],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13358,13021],{"class":50},[44,13360,1155],{"class":58},[44,13362,10141],{"class":58},[44,13364,2948],{"class":62},[44,13366,7318],{"class":66},[44,13368,2948],{"class":62},[44,13370,1155],{"class":58},[44,13372,2943],{"class":62},[44,13374,12531],{"class":66},[44,13376,2948],{"class":62},[44,13378,72],{"class":58},[44,13380,2943],{"class":62},[44,13382,13141],{"class":66},[44,13384,2948],{"class":62},[44,13386,1155],{"class":58},[44,13388,3273],{"class":58},[44,13390,13150],{"class":206},[44,13392,72],{"class":58},[44,13394,13155],{"class":206},[44,13396,72],{"class":58},[44,13398,9768],{"class":206},[44,13400,13354],{"class":58},[44,13402,13403],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13404,3690],{"class":3502},[44,13406,13407],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,13408,3629],{"class":3502},[20,13410,13411],{},"Notice the difference:",[169,13413,13414,13422],{},[172,13415,13416,365,13419,13421],{},[15,13417,13418],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13420,3324],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[172,13423,13424,365,13427,13429],{},[15,13425,13426],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13428,3254],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13431,13432],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13434,13435,13436,114],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[270,13437,13439],{"href":13438},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[30,13441,4609,13443],{"id":13442},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13444,12427],{},[20,13446,651,13447,654],{},[15,13448,12427],{},[169,13450,13451,13454,13457,13460],{},[172,13452,13453],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[172,13455,13456],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[172,13458,13459],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[172,13461,13462],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13464,189],{},[35,13466,13468],{"className":37,"code":13467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13469,13470,13509,13525,13529,13549,13553,13572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13471,13472,13475,13477,13479,13481,13483,13485,13487,13489,13491,13493,13495,13497,13500,13502,13504,13507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13473,13474],{"class":50},"settings ",[44,13476,55],{"class":54},[44,13478,10141],{"class":58},[44,13480,63],{"class":62},[44,13482,12145],{"class":66},[44,13484,63],{"class":62},[44,13486,1155],{"class":58},[44,13488,75],{"class":62},[44,13490,12154],{"class":66},[44,13492,63],{"class":62},[44,13494,72],{"class":58},[44,13496,75],{"class":62},[44,13498,13499],{"class":66},"font_size",[44,13501,63],{"class":62},[44,13503,1155],{"class":58},[44,13505,13506],{"class":206}," 14",[44,13508,8959],{"class":58},[44,13510,13511,13514,13516,13519,13521,13523],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13512,13513],{"class":50},"settings_backup ",[44,13515,55],{"class":54},[44,13517,13518],{"class":50}," settings",[44,13520,114],{"class":58},[44,13522,12562],{"class":117},[44,13524,8292],{"class":58},[44,13526,13527],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13528,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13530,13531,13534,13536,13538,13540,13542,13544,13546],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,13532,13533],{"class":50},"settings",[44,13535,1271],{"class":58},[44,13537,63],{"class":62},[44,13539,13499],{"class":66},[44,13541,63],{"class":62},[44,13543,12921],{"class":58},[44,13545,12924],{"class":54},[44,13547,13548],{"class":206}," 16\n",[44,13550,13551],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,13552,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13554,13555,13557,13559,13561,13564,13566,13568,13570],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,13556,136],{"class":135},[44,13558,121],{"class":58},[44,13560,63],{"class":62},[44,13562,13563],{"class":66},"Current:",[44,13565,63],{"class":62},[44,13567,72],{"class":58},[44,13569,13518],{"class":117},[44,13571,100],{"class":58},[44,13573,13574,13576,13578,13580,13583,13585,13587,13590],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,13575,136],{"class":135},[44,13577,121],{"class":58},[44,13579,63],{"class":62},[44,13581,13582],{"class":66},"Backup:",[44,13584,63],{"class":62},[44,13586,72],{"class":58},[44,13588,13589],{"class":117}," settings_backup",[44,13591,100],{"class":58},[20,13593,13594],{},[367,13595,247],{},[35,13597,13599],{"className":37,"code":13598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13600,13601,13639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13602,13603,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13604,13605],{"class":50},"Current",[44,13607,1155],{"class":58},[44,13609,10141],{"class":58},[44,13611,2948],{"class":62},[44,13613,12145],{"class":66},[44,13615,2948],{"class":62},[44,13617,1155],{"class":58},[44,13619,2943],{"class":62},[44,13621,12154],{"class":66},[44,13623,2948],{"class":62},[44,13625,72],{"class":58},[44,13627,2943],{"class":62},[44,13629,13499],{"class":66},[44,13631,2948],{"class":62},[44,13633,1155],{"class":58},[44,13635,13636],{"class":206}," 16",[44,13638,8959],{"class":58},[44,13640,13641,13644,13646,13648,13650,13652,13654,13656,13658,13660,13662,13664,13666,13668,13670,13672,13674],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13642,13643],{"class":50},"Backup",[44,13645,1155],{"class":58},[44,13647,10141],{"class":58},[44,13649,2948],{"class":62},[44,13651,12145],{"class":66},[44,13653,2948],{"class":62},[44,13655,1155],{"class":58},[44,13657,2943],{"class":62},[44,13659,12154],{"class":66},[44,13661,2948],{"class":62},[44,13663,72],{"class":58},[44,13665,2943],{"class":62},[44,13667,13499],{"class":66},[44,13669,2948],{"class":62},[44,13671,1155],{"class":58},[44,13673,13506],{"class":206},[44,13675,8959],{"class":58},[20,13677,13678,13679,2522,13685,114],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[270,13680,13682],{"href":13681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13683,13684],{},"dict.update()",[270,13686,13687],{"href":12474},[15,13688,10976],{},[30,13690,13692,13694],{"id":13691},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13693,12427],{}," vs assignment",[20,13696,13697],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13699,895,13700,13702,13703,13705],{},[15,13701,55],{}," does ",[367,13704,881],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[338,13707,13709],{"id":13708},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[35,13711,13713],{"className":37,"code":13712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13714,13715,13747,13756,13760,13780,13784,13802,13822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13716,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739,13741,13743,13745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13718,11736],{"class":50},[44,13720,55],{"class":54},[44,13722,10141],{"class":58},[44,13724,63],{"class":62},[44,13726,1823],{"class":66},[44,13728,63],{"class":62},[44,13730,1155],{"class":58},[44,13732,519],{"class":206},[44,13734,72],{"class":58},[44,13736,75],{"class":62},[44,13738,11395],{"class":66},[44,13740,63],{"class":62},[44,13742,1155],{"class":58},[44,13744,488],{"class":206},[44,13746,8959],{"class":58},[44,13748,13749,13752,13754],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13750,13751],{"class":50},"assigned ",[44,13753,55],{"class":54},[44,13755,11774],{"class":50},[44,13757,13758],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13759,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13761,13762,13765,13767,13769,13771,13773,13775,13777],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,13763,13764],{"class":50},"assigned",[44,13766,1271],{"class":58},[44,13768,63],{"class":62},[44,13770,1823],{"class":66},[44,13772,63],{"class":62},[44,13774,12921],{"class":58},[44,13776,12924],{"class":54},[44,13778,13779],{"class":206}," 99\n",[44,13781,13782],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,13783,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13785,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796,13798,13800],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,13787,136],{"class":135},[44,13789,121],{"class":58},[44,13791,63],{"class":62},[44,13793,12942],{"class":66},[44,13795,63],{"class":62},[44,13797,72],{"class":58},[44,13799,11811],{"class":117},[44,13801,100],{"class":58},[44,13803,13804,13806,13808,13810,13813,13815,13817,13820],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,13805,136],{"class":135},[44,13807,121],{"class":58},[44,13809,63],{"class":62},[44,13811,13812],{"class":66},"Assigned:",[44,13814,63],{"class":62},[44,13816,72],{"class":58},[44,13818,13819],{"class":117}," assigned",[44,13821,100],{"class":58},[44,13823,13824,13826,13828,13830,13832,13834],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,13825,136],{"class":135},[44,13827,121],{"class":58},[44,13829,11736],{"class":117},[44,13831,11844],{"class":805},[44,13833,13819],{"class":117},[44,13835,100],{"class":58},[20,13837,13838],{},[367,13839,247],{},[35,13841,13843],{"className":37,"code":13842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13844,13845,13877,13910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13846,13847,13849,13851,13853,13855,13857,13859,13861,13863,13865,13867,13869,13871,13873,13875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13848,12984],{"class":50},[44,13850,1155],{"class":58},[44,13852,10141],{"class":58},[44,13854,2948],{"class":62},[44,13856,1823],{"class":66},[44,13858,2948],{"class":62},[44,13860,1155],{"class":58},[44,13862,9847],{"class":206},[44,13864,72],{"class":58},[44,13866,2943],{"class":62},[44,13868,11395],{"class":66},[44,13870,2948],{"class":62},[44,13872,1155],{"class":58},[44,13874,488],{"class":206},[44,13876,8959],{"class":58},[44,13878,13879,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13880,13881],{"class":50},"Assigned",[44,13883,1155],{"class":58},[44,13885,10141],{"class":58},[44,13887,2948],{"class":62},[44,13889,1823],{"class":66},[44,13891,2948],{"class":62},[44,13893,1155],{"class":58},[44,13895,9847],{"class":206},[44,13897,72],{"class":58},[44,13899,2943],{"class":62},[44,13901,11395],{"class":66},[44,13903,2948],{"class":62},[44,13905,1155],{"class":58},[44,13907,488],{"class":206},[44,13909,8959],{"class":58},[44,13911,13912],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13913,3629],{"class":3502},[338,13915,895,13917],{"id":13916},"using-copy",[15,13918,12427],{},[35,13920,13922],{"className":37,"code":13921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13923,13924,13956,13971,13975,13994,13998,14016,14036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,13925,13926,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,13927,11736],{"class":50},[44,13929,55],{"class":54},[44,13931,10141],{"class":58},[44,13933,63],{"class":62},[44,13935,1823],{"class":66},[44,13937,63],{"class":62},[44,13939,1155],{"class":58},[44,13941,519],{"class":206},[44,13943,72],{"class":58},[44,13945,75],{"class":62},[44,13947,11395],{"class":66},[44,13949,63],{"class":62},[44,13951,1155],{"class":58},[44,13953,488],{"class":206},[44,13955,8959],{"class":58},[44,13957,13958,13961,13963,13965,13967,13969],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,13959,13960],{"class":50},"copied ",[44,13962,55],{"class":54},[44,13964,11811],{"class":50},[44,13966,114],{"class":58},[44,13968,12562],{"class":117},[44,13970,8292],{"class":58},[44,13972,13973],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,13974,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13976,13977,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988,13990,13992],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,13978,13979],{"class":50},"copied",[44,13981,1271],{"class":58},[44,13983,63],{"class":62},[44,13985,1823],{"class":66},[44,13987,63],{"class":62},[44,13989,12921],{"class":58},[44,13991,12924],{"class":54},[44,13993,13779],{"class":206},[44,13995,13996],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,13997,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,13999,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010,14012,14014],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,14001,136],{"class":135},[44,14003,121],{"class":58},[44,14005,63],{"class":62},[44,14007,12942],{"class":66},[44,14009,63],{"class":62},[44,14011,72],{"class":58},[44,14013,11811],{"class":117},[44,14015,100],{"class":58},[44,14017,14018,14020,14022,14024,14027,14029,14031,14034],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,14019,136],{"class":135},[44,14021,121],{"class":58},[44,14023,63],{"class":62},[44,14025,14026],{"class":66},"Copied:",[44,14028,63],{"class":62},[44,14030,72],{"class":58},[44,14032,14033],{"class":117}," copied",[44,14035,100],{"class":58},[44,14037,14038,14040,14042,14044,14046,14048],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,14039,136],{"class":135},[44,14041,121],{"class":58},[44,14043,11736],{"class":117},[44,14045,11844],{"class":805},[44,14047,14033],{"class":117},[44,14049,100],{"class":58},[20,14051,14052],{},[367,14053,247],{},[35,14055,14057],{"className":37,"code":14056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14058,14059,14091,14124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14060,14061,14063,14065,14067,14069,14071,14073,14075,14077,14079,14081,14083,14085,14087,14089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14062,12984],{"class":50},[44,14064,1155],{"class":58},[44,14066,10141],{"class":58},[44,14068,2948],{"class":62},[44,14070,1823],{"class":66},[44,14072,2948],{"class":62},[44,14074,1155],{"class":58},[44,14076,519],{"class":206},[44,14078,72],{"class":58},[44,14080,2943],{"class":62},[44,14082,11395],{"class":66},[44,14084,2948],{"class":62},[44,14086,1155],{"class":58},[44,14088,488],{"class":206},[44,14090,8959],{"class":58},[44,14092,14093,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116,14118,14120,14122],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,14094,14095],{"class":50},"Copied",[44,14097,1155],{"class":58},[44,14099,10141],{"class":58},[44,14101,2948],{"class":62},[44,14103,1823],{"class":66},[44,14105,2948],{"class":62},[44,14107,1155],{"class":58},[44,14109,9847],{"class":206},[44,14111,72],{"class":58},[44,14113,2943],{"class":62},[44,14115,11395],{"class":66},[44,14117,2948],{"class":62},[44,14119,1155],{"class":58},[44,14121,488],{"class":206},[44,14123,8959],{"class":58},[44,14125,14126],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14127,3690],{"class":3502},[20,14129,14130],{},"Summary:",[169,14132,14133,14139],{},[172,14134,14135,14138],{},[15,14136,14137],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[172,14140,14141,14144],{},[15,14142,14143],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[30,14146,14148],{"id":14147},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14150,14151,1155],{},[15,14152,12427],{},[169,14154,14155,14158,14161,14164],{},[172,14156,14157],{},"Returns a dictionary",[172,14159,14160],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[172,14162,14163],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[172,14165,14166],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14168,189],{},[35,14170,14172],{"className":37,"code":14171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14173,14174,14206,14222,14226,14244,14264,14268,14286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14175,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14177,8816],{"class":50},[44,14179,55],{"class":54},[44,14181,10141],{"class":58},[44,14183,63],{"class":62},[44,14185,270],{"class":66},[44,14187,63],{"class":62},[44,14189,1155],{"class":58},[44,14191,519],{"class":206},[44,14193,72],{"class":58},[44,14195,75],{"class":62},[44,14197,399],{"class":66},[44,14199,63],{"class":62},[44,14201,1155],{"class":58},[44,14203,488],{"class":206},[44,14205,8959],{"class":58},[44,14207,14208,14211,14213,14216,14218,14220],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,14209,14210],{"class":50},"data_copy ",[44,14212,55],{"class":54},[44,14214,14215],{"class":50}," data",[44,14217,114],{"class":58},[44,14219,12562],{"class":117},[44,14221,8292],{"class":58},[44,14223,14224],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14225,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,14227,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,14229,8855],{"class":50},[44,14231,1271],{"class":58},[44,14233,63],{"class":62},[44,14235,270],{"class":66},[44,14237,63],{"class":62},[44,14239,12921],{"class":58},[44,14241,12924],{"class":54},[44,14243,2231],{"class":206},[44,14245,14246,14249,14251,14253,14255,14257,14259,14261],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,14247,14248],{"class":50},"data_copy",[44,14250,1271],{"class":58},[44,14252,63],{"class":62},[44,14254,399],{"class":66},[44,14256,63],{"class":62},[44,14258,12921],{"class":58},[44,14260,12924],{"class":54},[44,14262,14263],{"class":206}," 20\n",[44,14265,14266],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,14267,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,14269,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,14271,136],{"class":135},[44,14273,121],{"class":58},[44,14275,63],{"class":62},[44,14277,12942],{"class":66},[44,14279,63],{"class":62},[44,14281,72],{"class":58},[44,14283,14215],{"class":117},[44,14285,100],{"class":58},[44,14287,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14303],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,14289,136],{"class":135},[44,14291,121],{"class":58},[44,14293,63],{"class":62},[44,14295,12961],{"class":66},[44,14297,63],{"class":62},[44,14299,72],{"class":58},[44,14301,14302],{"class":117}," data_copy",[44,14304,100],{"class":58},[20,14306,14307],{},[367,14308,247],{},[35,14310,14312],{"className":37,"code":14311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14313,14314,14346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14315,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14317,12984],{"class":50},[44,14319,1155],{"class":58},[44,14321,10141],{"class":58},[44,14323,2948],{"class":62},[44,14325,270],{"class":66},[44,14327,2948],{"class":62},[44,14329,1155],{"class":58},[44,14331,934],{"class":206},[44,14333,72],{"class":58},[44,14335,2943],{"class":62},[44,14337,399],{"class":66},[44,14339,2948],{"class":62},[44,14341,1155],{"class":58},[44,14343,488],{"class":206},[44,14345,8959],{"class":58},[44,14347,14348,14350,14352,14354,14356,14358,14360,14362,14364,14366,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,14349,13021],{"class":50},[44,14351,1155],{"class":58},[44,14353,10141],{"class":58},[44,14355,2948],{"class":62},[44,14357,270],{"class":66},[44,14359,2948],{"class":62},[44,14361,1155],{"class":58},[44,14363,519],{"class":206},[44,14365,72],{"class":58},[44,14367,2943],{"class":62},[44,14369,399],{"class":66},[44,14371,2948],{"class":62},[44,14373,1155],{"class":58},[44,14375,212],{"class":206},[44,14377,8959],{"class":58},[30,14379,1299],{"id":1298},[20,14381,14382,14383,1155],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14384,12085],{},[169,14386,14387,14394,14399,14404],{},[172,14388,895,14389,10742,14391,14393],{},[15,14390,55],{},[15,14392,12427],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[172,14395,4229,14396,14398],{},[15,14397,12427],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[172,14400,14401,14402],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14403,12427],{},[172,14405,14406],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14408,14409],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[35,14411,14413],{"className":37,"code":14412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14414,14415,14425,14435,14449,14472,14495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14416,14417,14419,14421,14423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14418,136],{"class":135},[44,14420,121],{"class":58},[44,14422,11783],{"class":117},[44,14424,100],{"class":58},[44,14426,14427,14429,14431,14433],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,14428,136],{"class":135},[44,14430,121],{"class":58},[44,14432,13979],{"class":117},[44,14434,100],{"class":58},[44,14436,14437,14439,14441,14443,14445,14447],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14438,136],{"class":135},[44,14440,121],{"class":58},[44,14442,11736],{"class":117},[44,14444,11844],{"class":805},[44,14446,14033],{"class":117},[44,14448,100],{"class":58},[44,14450,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463,14466,14468,14470],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,14452,136],{"class":135},[44,14454,121],{"class":58},[44,14456,12300],{"class":135},[44,14458,121],{"class":58},[44,14460,11783],{"class":117},[44,14462,8884],{"class":58},[44,14464,14465],{"class":135}," id",[44,14467,121],{"class":58},[44,14469,13979],{"class":117},[44,14471,244],{"class":58},[44,14473,14474,14476,14478,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14491,14493],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,14475,136],{"class":135},[44,14477,121],{"class":58},[44,14479,12300],{"class":135},[44,14481,121],{"class":58},[44,14483,11783],{"class":117},[44,14485,1271],{"class":58},[44,14487,63],{"class":62},[44,14489,14490],{"class":66},"key",[44,14492,63],{"class":62},[44,14494,2644],{"class":58},[44,14496,14497,14499,14501,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,14498,136],{"class":135},[44,14500,121],{"class":58},[44,14502,12300],{"class":135},[44,14504,121],{"class":58},[44,14506,13979],{"class":117},[44,14508,1271],{"class":58},[44,14510,63],{"class":62},[44,14512,14490],{"class":66},[44,14514,63],{"class":62},[44,14516,2644],{"class":58},[20,14518,14519],{},"What these help you check:",[169,14521,14522,14525,14528],{},[172,14523,14524],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[172,14526,14527],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[172,14529,14530],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14532,14533,14534,114],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[270,14535,14537],{"href":14536},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[30,14539,1497],{"id":1496},[338,14541,12355,14543,14545],{"id":14542},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14544,12085],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14547,14548],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[338,14550,1540,14552,14554],{"id":14551},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,14553,12085],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14556,14557],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[338,14559,4828,14561,898,14563,1547],{"id":14560},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14562,12427],{},[15,14564,55],{},[20,14566,14567,14569,14570,14572],{},[15,14568,12427],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14571,55],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[338,14574,14576],{"id":14575},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14578,14579],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[30,14581,1554],{"id":1553},[169,14583,14584,14588,14592,14596,14603,14609],{},[172,14585,14586],{},[270,14587,10892],{"href":12677},[172,14589,14590],{},[270,14591,8806],{"href":12674},[172,14593,14594],{},[270,14595,13439],{"href":13438},[172,14597,14598],{},[270,14599,10387,14600,1180],{"href":13681},[15,14601,14602],{},"update()",[172,14604,14605],{},[270,14606,10387,14607,1180],{"href":12474},[15,14608,10971],{},[172,14610,14611],{},[270,14612,14613],{"href":14536},"How to copy a list in Python",[1583,14615,14616],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":14618},[14619,14620,14622,14623,14624,14625,14627,14633,14634,14635,14644],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":12646,"depth":103,"text":14621},"What the copy() method does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":13081,"depth":103,"text":13082},{"id":13442,"depth":103,"text":14626},"When to use copy()",{"id":13691,"depth":103,"text":14628,"children":14629},"copy() vs assignment",[14630,14631],{"id":13708,"depth":132,"text":13709},{"id":13916,"depth":132,"text":14632},"Using copy()",{"id":14147,"depth":103,"text":14148},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":14636},[14637,14639,14641,14643],{"id":14542,"depth":132,"text":14638},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14551,"depth":132,"text":14640},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14560,"depth":132,"text":14642},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14575,"depth":132,"text":14576},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12480,"description":14645},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14652,"title":14653,"body":14654,"description":16849,"extension":1616,"meta":16850,"navigation":434,"path":12677,"seo":16851,"stem":16852,"__hash__":16853},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14655,"toc":16811},[14656,14659,14665,14674,14676,14752,14756,14805,14808,14812,14826,14829,14833,14846,14849,14882,14895,14898,14910,14914,14917,14925,15005,15009,15062,15066,15084,15086,15168,15171,15173,15176,15179,15202,15226,15230,15238,15241,15245,15254,15259,15317,15321,15354,15360,15366,15369,15423,15427,15477,15480,15486,15489,15497,15499,15544,15549,15558,15561,15564,15611,15613,15618,15621,15715,15719,15772,15775,15831,15834,15838,15841,15855,15859,15925,15929,15954,15957,15961,16039,16043,16046,16049,16069,16072,16125,16129,16132,16135,16148,16150,16239,16246,16249,16260,16262,16265,16285,16289,16292,16301,16304,16343,16347,16349,16358,16367,16369,16407,16411,16458,16462,16483,16487,16490,16602,16607,16704,16725,16727,16731,16738,16742,16748,16752,16755,16759,16762,16769,16777,16779,16805,16808],[10,14657,14653],{"id":14658},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14660,14661,14662,14664],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[367,14663,8782],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14666,14667,14668,2522,14670,114],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[270,14669,8806],{"href":8805},[270,14671,14673],{"href":14672},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[30,14675,33],{"id":32},[35,14677,14679],{"className":37,"code":14678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14680,14681,14689,14707,14721,14734,14738,14742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14682,14683,14685,14687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14684,12514],{"class":50},[44,14686,55],{"class":54},[44,14688,11142],{"class":58},[44,14690,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703,14705],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,14692,11147],{"class":62},[44,14694,7318],{"class":66},[44,14696,63],{"class":62},[44,14698,1155],{"class":58},[44,14700,75],{"class":62},[44,14702,12531],{"class":66},[44,14704,63],{"class":62},[44,14706,11163],{"class":58},[44,14708,14709,14711,14713,14715,14717,14719],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14710,11147],{"class":62},[44,14712,8949],{"class":66},[44,14714,63],{"class":62},[44,14716,1155],{"class":58},[44,14718,212],{"class":206},[44,14720,11163],{"class":58},[44,14722,14723,14725,14728,14730,14732],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,14724,11147],{"class":62},[44,14726,14727],{"class":66},"is_active",[44,14729,63],{"class":62},[44,14731,1155],{"class":58},[44,14733,6071],{"class":3502},[44,14735,14736],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,14737,8959],{"class":58},[44,14739,14740],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,14741,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,14743,14744,14746,14748,14750],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,14745,136],{"class":135},[44,14747,121],{"class":58},[44,14749,13274],{"class":117},[44,14751,100],{"class":58},[20,14753,14754],{},[367,14755,247],{},[35,14757,14759],{"className":37,"code":14758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14760,14761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14762,14763,14765,14767,14769,14771,14773,14775,14777,14779,14781,14783,14785,14787,14789,14791,14793,14795,14797,14799,14801,14803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14764,8928],{"class":58},[44,14766,2948],{"class":62},[44,14768,7318],{"class":66},[44,14770,2948],{"class":62},[44,14772,1155],{"class":58},[44,14774,2943],{"class":62},[44,14776,12531],{"class":66},[44,14778,2948],{"class":62},[44,14780,72],{"class":58},[44,14782,2943],{"class":62},[44,14784,8949],{"class":66},[44,14786,2948],{"class":62},[44,14788,1155],{"class":58},[44,14790,212],{"class":206},[44,14792,72],{"class":58},[44,14794,2943],{"class":62},[44,14796,14727],{"class":66},[44,14798,2948],{"class":62},[44,14800,1155],{"class":58},[44,14802,3565],{"class":3502},[44,14804,8959],{"class":58},[20,14806,14807],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[30,14809,14811],{"id":14810},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[169,14813,14814,14817,14820,14823],{},[172,14815,14816],{},"What a dictionary is",[172,14818,14819],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[172,14821,14822],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[172,14824,14825],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[30,14827,14816],{"id":14828},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14830,8779,14831,114],{},[367,14832,8782],{},[169,14834,14835,14841],{},[172,14836,14837,14838,14840],{},"A ",[367,14839,14490],{}," is the label",[172,14842,14837,14843,14845],{},[367,14844,302],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14847,14848],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[35,14850,14852],{"className":37,"code":14851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14853,14854,14862,14878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14855,14856,14858,14860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14857,12514],{"class":50},[44,14859,55],{"class":54},[44,14861,11142],{"class":58},[44,14863,14864,14866,14868,14870,14872,14874,14876],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,14865,11147],{"class":62},[44,14867,7318],{"class":66},[44,14869,63],{"class":62},[44,14871,1155],{"class":58},[44,14873,75],{"class":62},[44,14875,12531],{"class":66},[44,14877,3007],{"class":62},[44,14879,14880],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14881,8959],{"class":58},[169,14883,14884,14890],{},[172,14885,14886,14889],{},[15,14887,14888],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[172,14891,14892,1290],{},[15,14893,14894],{},"\"Ana\"",[20,14896,14897],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[169,14899,14900,14902,14904,14907],{},[172,14901,7318],{},[172,14903,8949],{},[172,14905,14906],{},"email",[172,14908,14909],{},"country",[30,14911,14913],{"id":14912},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14915,14916],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14918,651,14919,14921,14922,114],{},[15,14920,3442],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14923,14924],{},"key: value",[35,14926,14928],{"className":37,"code":14927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14929,14930,14938,14956,14970,14987,14991,14995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,14931,14932,14934,14936],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,14933,12514],{"class":50},[44,14935,55],{"class":54},[44,14937,11142],{"class":58},[44,14939,14940,14942,14944,14946,14948,14950,14952,14954],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,14941,11147],{"class":62},[44,14943,7318],{"class":66},[44,14945,63],{"class":62},[44,14947,1155],{"class":58},[44,14949,75],{"class":62},[44,14951,12531],{"class":66},[44,14953,63],{"class":62},[44,14955,11163],{"class":58},[44,14957,14958,14960,14962,14964,14966,14968],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,14959,11147],{"class":62},[44,14961,8949],{"class":66},[44,14963,63],{"class":62},[44,14965,1155],{"class":58},[44,14967,212],{"class":206},[44,14969,11163],{"class":58},[44,14971,14972,14974,14977,14979,14981,14983,14985],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,14973,11147],{"class":62},[44,14975,14976],{"class":66},"course",[44,14978,63],{"class":62},[44,14980,1155],{"class":58},[44,14982,75],{"class":62},[44,14984,6946],{"class":66},[44,14986,3007],{"class":62},[44,14988,14989],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,14990,8959],{"class":58},[44,14992,14993],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,14994,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,14996,14997,14999,15001,15003],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,14998,136],{"class":135},[44,15000,121],{"class":58},[44,15002,13274],{"class":117},[44,15004,100],{"class":58},[20,15006,15007],{},[367,15008,247],{},[35,15010,15012],{"className":37,"code":15011,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15013,15014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15015,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024,15026,15028,15030,15032,15034,15036,15038,15040,15042,15044,15046,15048,15050,15052,15054,15056,15058,15060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15017,8928],{"class":58},[44,15019,2948],{"class":62},[44,15021,7318],{"class":66},[44,15023,2948],{"class":62},[44,15025,1155],{"class":58},[44,15027,2943],{"class":62},[44,15029,12531],{"class":66},[44,15031,2948],{"class":62},[44,15033,72],{"class":58},[44,15035,2943],{"class":62},[44,15037,8949],{"class":66},[44,15039,2948],{"class":62},[44,15041,1155],{"class":58},[44,15043,212],{"class":206},[44,15045,72],{"class":58},[44,15047,2943],{"class":62},[44,15049,14976],{"class":66},[44,15051,2948],{"class":62},[44,15053,1155],{"class":58},[44,15055,2943],{"class":62},[44,15057,6946],{"class":66},[44,15059,2948],{"class":62},[44,15061,8959],{"class":58},[338,15063,15065],{"id":15064},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[169,15067,15068,15073,15078,15081],{},[172,15069,651,15070,15072],{},[15,15071,3442],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[172,15074,15075,15076],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15077,14924],{},[172,15079,15080],{},"Separate items with commas",[172,15082,15083],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15085,189],{},[35,15087,15089],{"className":37,"code":15088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15090,15091,15100,15120,15136,15149,15153,15157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15092,15093,15096,15098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15094,15095],{"class":50},"book ",[44,15097,55],{"class":54},[44,15099,11142],{"class":58},[44,15101,15102,15104,15107,15109,15111,15113,15116,15118],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15103,11147],{"class":62},[44,15105,15106],{"class":66},"title",[44,15108,63],{"class":62},[44,15110,1155],{"class":58},[44,15112,75],{"class":62},[44,15114,15115],{"class":66},"Python Basics",[44,15117,63],{"class":62},[44,15119,11163],{"class":58},[44,15121,15122,15124,15127,15129,15131,15134],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15123,11147],{"class":62},[44,15125,15126],{"class":66},"pages",[44,15128,63],{"class":62},[44,15130,1155],{"class":58},[44,15132,15133],{"class":206}," 150",[44,15135,11163],{"class":58},[44,15137,15138,15140,15143,15145,15147],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,15139,11147],{"class":62},[44,15141,15142],{"class":66},"available",[44,15144,63],{"class":62},[44,15146,1155],{"class":58},[44,15148,6071],{"class":3502},[44,15150,15151],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,15152,8959],{"class":58},[44,15154,15155],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,15156,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,15158,15159,15161,15163,15166],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,15160,136],{"class":135},[44,15162,121],{"class":58},[44,15164,15165],{"class":117},"book",[44,15167,100],{"class":58},[20,15169,15170],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[30,15172,9053],{"id":9052},[20,15174,15175],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15177,15178],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[35,15180,15182],{"className":37,"code":15181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15183,15184,15192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15185,15186,15188,15190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15187,8816],{"class":50},[44,15189,55],{"class":54},[44,15191,9488],{"class":58},[44,15193,15194,15196,15198,15200],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15195,136],{"class":135},[44,15197,121],{"class":58},[44,15199,8855],{"class":117},[44,15201,100],{"class":58},[35,15203,15204],{"className":37,"code":9056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15205,15206,15216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15207,15208,15210,15212,15214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15209,8816],{"class":50},[44,15211,55],{"class":54},[44,15213,8821],{"class":2546},[44,15215,8292],{"class":58},[44,15217,15218,15220,15222,15224],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15219,136],{"class":135},[44,15221,121],{"class":58},[44,15223,8855],{"class":117},[44,15225,100],{"class":58},[20,15227,15228],{},[367,15229,247],{},[35,15231,15232],{"className":37,"code":9085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,15233,15234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15235,15236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15237,9085],{"class":58},[20,15239,15240],{},"Both are correct.",[338,15242,15244],{"id":15243},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15246,15247,15249,15250,15253],{},[15,15248,3442],{}," creates an empty ",[367,15251,15252],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15255,15256,15257,114],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15258,3447],{},[35,15260,15262],{"className":37,"code":15261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15263,15264,15272,15284,15288,15302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15265,15266,15268,15270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15267,11374],{"class":50},[44,15269,55],{"class":54},[44,15271,9488],{"class":58},[44,15273,15274,15277,15279,15282],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15275,15276],{"class":50},"my_set ",[44,15278,55],{"class":54},[44,15280,15281],{"class":2546}," set",[44,15283,8292],{"class":58},[44,15285,15286],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15287,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,15289,15290,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,15291,136],{"class":135},[44,15293,121],{"class":58},[44,15295,2868],{"class":2546},[44,15297,121],{"class":58},[44,15299,11098],{"class":117},[44,15301,244],{"class":58},[44,15303,15304,15306,15308,15310,15312,15315],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,15305,136],{"class":135},[44,15307,121],{"class":58},[44,15309,2868],{"class":2546},[44,15311,121],{"class":58},[44,15313,15314],{"class":117},"my_set",[44,15316,244],{"class":58},[20,15318,15319],{},[367,15320,247],{},[35,15322,15324],{"className":37,"code":15323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15325,15326,15340],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15327,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15329,2937],{"class":54},[44,15331,2940],{"class":1716},[44,15333,2943],{"class":62},[44,15335,8471],{"class":66},[44,15337,2948],{"class":62},[44,15339,2951],{"class":54},[44,15341,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15343,2937],{"class":54},[44,15345,2940],{"class":1716},[44,15347,2943],{"class":62},[44,15349,5935],{"class":66},[44,15351,2948],{"class":62},[44,15353,2951],{"class":54},[30,15355,15357,15358],{"id":15356},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15359,8770],{},[20,15361,15362,15363,15365],{},"You can also use ",[15,15364,8770],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15367,15368],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[35,15370,15372],{"className":37,"code":15371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15373,15374,15413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15375,15376,15378,15380,15382,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15407,15409,15411],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15377,12514],{"class":50},[44,15379,55],{"class":54},[44,15381,8821],{"class":2546},[44,15383,121],{"class":58},[44,15385,7318],{"class":8826},[44,15387,55],{"class":54},[44,15389,63],{"class":62},[44,15391,12531],{"class":66},[44,15393,63],{"class":62},[44,15395,72],{"class":58},[44,15397,8839],{"class":8826},[44,15399,55],{"class":54},[44,15401,241],{"class":206},[44,15403,72],{"class":58},[44,15405,15406],{"class":8826}," active",[44,15408,55],{"class":54},[44,15410,3254],{"class":3502},[44,15412,100],{"class":58},[44,15414,15415,15417,15419,15421],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15416,136],{"class":135},[44,15418,121],{"class":58},[44,15420,13274],{"class":117},[44,15422,100],{"class":58},[20,15424,15425],{},[367,15426,247],{},[35,15428,15430],{"className":37,"code":15429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15431,15432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15433,15434,15436,15438,15440,15442,15444,15446,15448,15450,15452,15454,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15469,15471,15473,15475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15435,8928],{"class":58},[44,15437,2948],{"class":62},[44,15439,7318],{"class":66},[44,15441,2948],{"class":62},[44,15443,1155],{"class":58},[44,15445,2943],{"class":62},[44,15447,12531],{"class":66},[44,15449,2948],{"class":62},[44,15451,72],{"class":58},[44,15453,2943],{"class":62},[44,15455,8949],{"class":66},[44,15457,2948],{"class":62},[44,15459,1155],{"class":58},[44,15461,212],{"class":206},[44,15463,72],{"class":58},[44,15465,2943],{"class":62},[44,15467,15468],{"class":66},"active",[44,15470,2948],{"class":62},[44,15472,1155],{"class":58},[44,15474,3565],{"class":3502},[44,15476,8959],{"class":58},[20,15478,15479],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[338,15481,15483,15484],{"id":15482},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15485,8770],{},[20,15487,15488],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[169,15490,15491,15494],{},[172,15492,15493],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[172,15495,15496],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15498,6337],{},[35,15500,15502],{"className":37,"code":15501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15503,15504,15534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15505,15506,15508,15510,15512,15514,15516,15518,15520,15522,15524,15526,15528,15530,15532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15507,11137],{"class":50},[44,15509,55],{"class":54},[44,15511,8821],{"class":2546},[44,15513,121],{"class":58},[44,15515,7318],{"class":8826},[44,15517,55],{"class":54},[44,15519,63],{"class":62},[44,15521,7327],{"class":66},[44,15523,63],{"class":62},[44,15525,72],{"class":58},[44,15527,8839],{"class":8826},[44,15529,55],{"class":54},[44,15531,8844],{"class":206},[44,15533,100],{"class":58},[44,15535,15536,15538,15540,15542],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15537,136],{"class":135},[44,15539,121],{"class":58},[44,15541,11231],{"class":117},[44,15543,100],{"class":58},[20,15545,4277,15546,15548],{},[367,15547,881],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[35,15550,15552],{"className":37,"code":15551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15553,15554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15555,15556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15557,15551],{"class":147},[20,15559,15560],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15562,15563],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[35,15565,15567],{"className":37,"code":15566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15568,15569,15577,15593,15597,15601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15570,15571,15573,15575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15572,11137],{"class":50},[44,15574,55],{"class":54},[44,15576,11142],{"class":58},[44,15578,15579,15581,15583,15585,15587,15589,15591],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15580,11147],{"class":62},[44,15582,10146],{"class":66},[44,15584,63],{"class":62},[44,15586,1155],{"class":58},[44,15588,75],{"class":62},[44,15590,7327],{"class":66},[44,15592,3007],{"class":62},[44,15594,15595],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15596,8959],{"class":58},[44,15598,15599],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,15600,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,15602,15603,15605,15607,15609],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,15604,136],{"class":135},[44,15606,121],{"class":58},[44,15608,11231],{"class":117},[44,15610,100],{"class":58},[30,15612,9095],{"id":9094},[20,15614,15615,15617],{},[15,15616,8770],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15619,15620],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[35,15622,15624],{"className":37,"code":15623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15625,15626,15683,15687,15701,15705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15627,15628,15630,15632,15634,15636,15638,15640,15642,15644,15646,15648,15650,15652,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664,15666,15668,15670,15672,15674,15676,15679,15681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15629,8866],{"class":50},[44,15631,55],{"class":54},[44,15633,8871],{"class":58},[44,15635,63],{"class":62},[44,15637,7318],{"class":66},[44,15639,63],{"class":62},[44,15641,72],{"class":58},[44,15643,75],{"class":62},[44,15645,12531],{"class":66},[44,15647,63],{"class":62},[44,15649,8884],{"class":58},[44,15651,59],{"class":58},[44,15653,63],{"class":62},[44,15655,8949],{"class":66},[44,15657,63],{"class":62},[44,15659,72],{"class":58},[44,15661,212],{"class":206},[44,15663,8884],{"class":58},[44,15665,59],{"class":58},[44,15667,63],{"class":62},[44,15669,10059],{"class":66},[44,15671,63],{"class":62},[44,15673,72],{"class":58},[44,15675,75],{"class":62},[44,15677,15678],{"class":66},"Lima",[44,15680,63],{"class":62},[44,15682,8899],{"class":58},[44,15684,15685],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15686,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,15688,15689,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15690,12514],{"class":50},[44,15692,55],{"class":54},[44,15694,8821],{"class":2546},[44,15696,121],{"class":58},[44,15698,8912],{"class":117},[44,15700,100],{"class":58},[44,15702,15703],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,15704,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,15706,15707,15709,15711,15713],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,15708,136],{"class":135},[44,15710,121],{"class":58},[44,15712,13274],{"class":117},[44,15714,100],{"class":58},[20,15716,15717],{},[367,15718,247],{},[35,15720,15722],{"className":37,"code":15721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15723,15724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15725,15726,15728,15730,15732,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744,15746,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15727,8928],{"class":58},[44,15729,2948],{"class":62},[44,15731,7318],{"class":66},[44,15733,2948],{"class":62},[44,15735,1155],{"class":58},[44,15737,2943],{"class":62},[44,15739,12531],{"class":66},[44,15741,2948],{"class":62},[44,15743,72],{"class":58},[44,15745,2943],{"class":62},[44,15747,8949],{"class":66},[44,15749,2948],{"class":62},[44,15751,1155],{"class":58},[44,15753,212],{"class":206},[44,15755,72],{"class":58},[44,15757,2943],{"class":62},[44,15759,10059],{"class":66},[44,15761,2948],{"class":62},[44,15763,1155],{"class":58},[44,15765,2943],{"class":62},[44,15767,15678],{"class":66},[44,15769,2948],{"class":62},[44,15771,8959],{"class":58},[20,15773,15774],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[35,15776,15778],{"className":37,"code":15777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15779,15780,15821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15781,15782,15784,15786,15788,15791,15793,15795,15797,15799,15801,15803,15805,15807,15809,15811,15813,15815,15817,15819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15783,12514],{"class":50},[44,15785,55],{"class":54},[44,15787,8821],{"class":2546},[44,15789,15790],{"class":58},"(((",[44,15792,63],{"class":62},[44,15794,7318],{"class":66},[44,15796,63],{"class":62},[44,15798,72],{"class":58},[44,15800,75],{"class":62},[44,15802,12531],{"class":66},[44,15804,63],{"class":62},[44,15806,8884],{"class":58},[44,15808,59],{"class":58},[44,15810,63],{"class":62},[44,15812,8949],{"class":66},[44,15814,63],{"class":62},[44,15816,72],{"class":58},[44,15818,212],{"class":206},[44,15820,2557],{"class":58},[44,15822,15823,15825,15827,15829],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15824,136],{"class":135},[44,15826,121],{"class":58},[44,15828,13274],{"class":117},[44,15830,100],{"class":58},[20,15832,15833],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[30,15835,15837],{"id":15836},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15839,15840],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[169,15842,15843,15846,15849,15852],{},[172,15844,15845],{},"Keys must be unique",[172,15847,15848],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[172,15850,15851],{},"Values can repeat",[172,15853,15854],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[338,15856,15858],{"id":15857},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[35,15860,15862],{"className":37,"code":15861,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15863,15864,15872,15890,15907,15911,15915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15865,15866,15868,15870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15867,8816],{"class":50},[44,15869,55],{"class":54},[44,15871,11142],{"class":58},[44,15873,15874,15876,15878,15880,15882,15884,15886,15888],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15875,11147],{"class":62},[44,15877,7318],{"class":66},[44,15879,63],{"class":62},[44,15881,1155],{"class":58},[44,15883,75],{"class":62},[44,15885,12531],{"class":66},[44,15887,63],{"class":62},[44,15889,11163],{"class":58},[44,15891,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902,15905],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15893,11147],{"class":62},[44,15895,7318],{"class":66},[44,15897,63],{"class":62},[44,15899,1155],{"class":58},[44,15901,75],{"class":62},[44,15903,15904],{"class":66},"Maria",[44,15906,3007],{"class":62},[44,15908,15909],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,15910,8959],{"class":58},[44,15912,15913],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,15914,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,15916,15917,15919,15921,15923],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,15918,136],{"class":135},[44,15920,121],{"class":58},[44,15922,8855],{"class":117},[44,15924,100],{"class":58},[20,15926,15927],{},[367,15928,247],{},[35,15930,15932],{"className":37,"code":15931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15933,15934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15935,15936,15938,15940,15942,15944,15946,15948,15950,15952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15937,8928],{"class":58},[44,15939,2948],{"class":62},[44,15941,7318],{"class":66},[44,15943,2948],{"class":62},[44,15945,1155],{"class":58},[44,15947,2943],{"class":62},[44,15949,15904],{"class":66},[44,15951,2948],{"class":62},[44,15953,8959],{"class":58},[20,15955,15956],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[338,15958,15960],{"id":15959},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[35,15962,15964],{"className":37,"code":15963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15965,15966,15974,15990,16006,16020,16024,16028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,15967,15968,15970,15972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,15969,4712],{"class":50},[44,15971,55],{"class":54},[44,15973,11142],{"class":58},[44,15975,15976,15979,15981,15983,15986,15988],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,15977,15978],{"class":206},"    1",[44,15980,1155],{"class":58},[44,15982,75],{"class":62},[44,15984,15985],{"class":66},"low",[44,15987,63],{"class":62},[44,15989,11163],{"class":58},[44,15991,15992,15995,15997,15999,16002,16004],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,15993,15994],{"class":206},"    2",[44,15996,1155],{"class":58},[44,15998,75],{"class":62},[44,16000,16001],{"class":66},"medium",[44,16003,63],{"class":62},[44,16005,11163],{"class":58},[44,16007,16008,16011,16013,16015,16018],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,16009,16010],{"class":206},"    3",[44,16012,1155],{"class":58},[44,16014,75],{"class":62},[44,16016,16017],{"class":66},"high",[44,16019,3007],{"class":62},[44,16021,16022],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,16023,8959],{"class":58},[44,16025,16026],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,16027,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,16029,16030,16032,16034,16037],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,16031,136],{"class":135},[44,16033,121],{"class":58},[44,16035,16036],{"class":117},"scores",[44,16038,100],{"class":58},[338,16040,16042],{"id":16041},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16044,16045],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16047,16048],{},"This will cause an error:",[35,16050,16052],{"className":37,"code":16051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16053,16054,16059,16064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16055,16056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16057,16058],{"class":147},"# bad = {\n",[44,16060,16061],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16062,16063],{"class":147},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[44,16065,16066],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16067,16068],{"class":147},"# }\n",[20,16070,16071],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[35,16073,16075],{"className":37,"code":16074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16076,16077,16086,16106,16110,16114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16078,16079,16082,16084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16080,16081],{"class":50},"good ",[44,16083,55],{"class":54},[44,16085,11142],{"class":58},[44,16087,16088,16091,16093,16095,16097,16100,16102,16104],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16089,16090],{"class":58},"    (",[44,16092,1133],{"class":206},[44,16094,72],{"class":58},[44,16096,488],{"class":206},[44,16098,16099],{"class":58},"):",[44,16101,75],{"class":62},[44,16103,232],{"class":66},[44,16105,3007],{"class":62},[44,16107,16108],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16109,8959],{"class":58},[44,16111,16112],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,16113,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,16115,16116,16118,16120,16123],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,16117,136],{"class":135},[44,16119,121],{"class":58},[44,16121,16122],{"class":117},"good",[44,16124,100],{"class":58},[30,16126,16128],{"id":16127},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16130,16131],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16133,16134],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[169,16136,16137,16140,16142,16145],{},[172,16138,16139],{},"user data",[172,16141,13533],{},[172,16143,16144],{},"counters",[172,16146,16147],{},"lookups",[20,16149,189],{},[35,16151,16153],{"className":37,"code":16152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16154,16155,16163,16182,16201,16213,16217,16221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16156,16157,16159,16161],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16158,11137],{"class":50},[44,16160,55],{"class":54},[44,16162,11142],{"class":58},[44,16164,16165,16167,16169,16171,16173,16175,16178,16180],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16166,11147],{"class":62},[44,16168,7634],{"class":66},[44,16170,63],{"class":62},[44,16172,1155],{"class":58},[44,16174,75],{"class":62},[44,16176,16177],{"class":66},"ana123",[44,16179,63],{"class":62},[44,16181,11163],{"class":58},[44,16183,16184,16186,16188,16190,16192,16194,16197,16199],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16185,11147],{"class":62},[44,16187,14906],{"class":66},[44,16189,63],{"class":62},[44,16191,1155],{"class":58},[44,16193,75],{"class":62},[44,16195,16196],{"class":66},"ana@example.com",[44,16198,63],{"class":62},[44,16200,11163],{"class":58},[44,16202,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,16204,11147],{"class":62},[44,16206,12165],{"class":66},[44,16208,63],{"class":62},[44,16210,1155],{"class":58},[44,16212,6071],{"class":3502},[44,16214,16215],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,16216,8959],{"class":58},[44,16218,16219],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,16220,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,16222,16223,16225,16227,16229,16231,16233,16235,16237],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,16224,136],{"class":135},[44,16226,121],{"class":58},[44,16228,11231],{"class":117},[44,16230,1271],{"class":58},[44,16232,63],{"class":62},[44,16234,14906],{"class":66},[44,16236,63],{"class":62},[44,16238,3538],{"class":58},[20,16240,16241,16242,114],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[270,16243,16245],{"href":16244},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16247,16248],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[169,16250,16251,16254,16257],{},[172,16252,16253],{},"labels are not needed",[172,16255,16256],{},"you mostly care about position",[172,16258,16259],{},"order matters more than named fields",[30,16261,1299],{"id":1298},[20,16263,16264],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[169,16266,16267,16270,16273,16276,16279],{},[172,16268,16269],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[172,16271,16272],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[172,16274,16275],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[172,16277,16278],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[172,16280,16281,16282,16284],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16283,3442],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[338,16286,16288],{"id":16287},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16290,16291],{},"Wrong:",[35,16293,16295],{"className":37,"code":16294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16296,16297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16298,16299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16300,16294],{"class":147},[20,16302,16303],{},"Correct:",[35,16305,16307],{"className":37,"code":16306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16308,16309,16333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16310,16311,16313,16315,16317,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16312,12514],{"class":50},[44,16314,55],{"class":54},[44,16316,10141],{"class":58},[44,16318,63],{"class":62},[44,16320,7318],{"class":66},[44,16322,63],{"class":62},[44,16324,1155],{"class":58},[44,16326,75],{"class":62},[44,16328,12531],{"class":66},[44,16330,63],{"class":62},[44,16332,8959],{"class":58},[44,16334,16335,16337,16339,16341],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16336,136],{"class":135},[44,16338,121],{"class":58},[44,16340,13274],{"class":117},[44,16342,100],{"class":58},[338,16344,16346],{"id":16345},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16348,16291],{},[35,16350,16352],{"className":37,"code":16351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16353,16354],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16355,16356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16357,16351],{"class":147},[20,16359,16360,16361,16363,16364,16366],{},"This only works if ",[15,16362,7318],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16365,14888],{},", use quotes.",[20,16368,16303],{},[35,16370,16371],{"className":37,"code":16306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,16372,16373,16397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16374,16375,16377,16379,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16376,12514],{"class":50},[44,16378,55],{"class":54},[44,16380,10141],{"class":58},[44,16382,63],{"class":62},[44,16384,7318],{"class":66},[44,16386,63],{"class":62},[44,16388,1155],{"class":58},[44,16390,75],{"class":62},[44,16392,12531],{"class":66},[44,16394,63],{"class":62},[44,16396,8959],{"class":58},[44,16398,16399,16401,16403,16405],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16400,136],{"class":135},[44,16402,121],{"class":58},[44,16404,13274],{"class":117},[44,16406,100],{"class":58},[338,16408,16410],{"id":16409},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[35,16412,16414],{"className":37,"code":16413,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16415,16416,16448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16417,16418,16420,16422,16424,16426,16428,16430,16432,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16419,8816],{"class":50},[44,16421,55],{"class":54},[44,16423,10141],{"class":58},[44,16425,63],{"class":62},[44,16427,8949],{"class":66},[44,16429,63],{"class":62},[44,16431,1155],{"class":58},[44,16433,212],{"class":206},[44,16435,72],{"class":58},[44,16437,75],{"class":62},[44,16439,8949],{"class":66},[44,16441,63],{"class":62},[44,16443,1155],{"class":58},[44,16445,217],{"class":206},[44,16447,8959],{"class":58},[44,16449,16450,16452,16454,16456],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16451,136],{"class":135},[44,16453,121],{"class":58},[44,16455,8855],{"class":117},[44,16457,100],{"class":58},[20,16459,16460],{},[367,16461,247],{},[35,16463,16465],{"className":37,"code":16464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16466,16467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16468,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479,16481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16470,8928],{"class":58},[44,16472,2948],{"class":62},[44,16474,8949],{"class":66},[44,16476,2948],{"class":62},[44,16478,1155],{"class":58},[44,16480,217],{"class":206},[44,16482,8959],{"class":58},[30,16484,16486],{"id":16485},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16488,16489],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[35,16491,16493],{"className":37,"code":16492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16494,16495,16531,16535,16545,16559,16574,16588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16496,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16507,16509,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16521,16523,16525,16527,16529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16498,11374],{"class":50},[44,16500,55],{"class":54},[44,16502,10141],{"class":58},[44,16504,63],{"class":62},[44,16506,7318],{"class":66},[44,16508,63],{"class":62},[44,16510,1155],{"class":58},[44,16512,75],{"class":62},[44,16514,12531],{"class":66},[44,16516,63],{"class":62},[44,16518,72],{"class":58},[44,16520,75],{"class":62},[44,16522,8949],{"class":66},[44,16524,63],{"class":62},[44,16526,1155],{"class":58},[44,16528,212],{"class":206},[44,16530,8959],{"class":58},[44,16532,16533],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16534,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,16536,16537,16539,16541,16543],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16538,136],{"class":135},[44,16540,121],{"class":58},[44,16542,11098],{"class":117},[44,16544,100],{"class":58},[44,16546,16547,16549,16551,16553,16555,16557],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,16548,136],{"class":135},[44,16550,121],{"class":58},[44,16552,2868],{"class":2546},[44,16554,121],{"class":58},[44,16556,11098],{"class":117},[44,16558,244],{"class":58},[44,16560,16561,16563,16565,16567,16569,16572],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,16562,136],{"class":135},[44,16564,121],{"class":58},[44,16566,11098],{"class":117},[44,16568,114],{"class":58},[44,16570,16571],{"class":117},"keys",[44,16573,6843],{"class":58},[44,16575,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,16577,136],{"class":135},[44,16579,121],{"class":58},[44,16581,11098],{"class":117},[44,16583,114],{"class":58},[44,16585,962],{"class":117},[44,16587,6843],{"class":58},[44,16589,16590,16592,16594,16596,16598,16600],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,16591,136],{"class":135},[44,16593,121],{"class":58},[44,16595,1365],{"class":135},[44,16597,121],{"class":58},[44,16599,11098],{"class":117},[44,16601,244],{"class":58},[20,16603,16604],{},[367,16605,16606],{},"Example output:",[35,16608,16610],{"className":37,"code":16609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16611,16612,16644,16658,16681,16700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16613,16614,16616,16618,16620,16622,16624,16626,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16615,8928],{"class":58},[44,16617,2948],{"class":62},[44,16619,7318],{"class":66},[44,16621,2948],{"class":62},[44,16623,1155],{"class":58},[44,16625,2943],{"class":62},[44,16627,12531],{"class":66},[44,16629,2948],{"class":62},[44,16631,72],{"class":58},[44,16633,2943],{"class":62},[44,16635,8949],{"class":66},[44,16637,2948],{"class":62},[44,16639,1155],{"class":58},[44,16641,212],{"class":206},[44,16643,8959],{"class":58},[44,16645,16646,16648,16650,16652,16654,16656],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16647,2937],{"class":54},[44,16649,2940],{"class":1716},[44,16651,2943],{"class":62},[44,16653,8471],{"class":66},[44,16655,2948],{"class":62},[44,16657,2951],{"class":54},[44,16659,16660,16663,16665,16667,16669,16671,16673,16675,16677,16679],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16661,16662],{"class":117},"dict_keys",[44,16664,2631],{"class":58},[44,16666,2948],{"class":62},[44,16668,7318],{"class":66},[44,16670,2948],{"class":62},[44,16672,72],{"class":58},[44,16674,2943],{"class":62},[44,16676,8949],{"class":66},[44,16678,2948],{"class":62},[44,16680,3538],{"class":58},[44,16682,16683,16686,16688,16690,16692,16694,16696,16698],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,16684,16685],{"class":117},"dict_values",[44,16687,2631],{"class":58},[44,16689,2948],{"class":62},[44,16691,12531],{"class":66},[44,16693,2948],{"class":62},[44,16695,72],{"class":58},[44,16697,212],{"class":206},[44,16699,3538],{"class":58},[44,16701,16702],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,16703,1121],{"class":206},[20,16705,16706,16707,1134,16713,1138,16719,114],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[270,16708,10387,16710],{"href":16709},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16711,16712],{},"keys()",[270,16714,10387,16716],{"href":16715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16717,16718],{},"values()",[270,16720,10387,16722],{"href":16721},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16723,16724],{},"items()",[30,16726,1497],{"id":1496},[338,16728,16730],{"id":16729},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16732,651,16733,2522,16735,16737],{},[15,16734,3442],{},[15,16736,8770],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[338,16739,16741],{"id":16740},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16743,16744,16745,114],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16746,16747],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[338,16749,16751],{"id":16750},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16753,16754],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[338,16756,16758],{"id":16757},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16760,16761],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[338,16763,4828,16765,898,16767,1547],{"id":16764},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16766,3442],{},[15,16768,8770],{},[20,16770,16771,16773,16774,16776],{},[15,16772,3442],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16775,8770],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[30,16778,1554],{"id":1553},[169,16780,16781,16785,16791,16795,16801],{},[172,16782,16783],{},[270,16784,8806],{"href":8805},[172,16786,16787],{},[270,16788,10387,16789,1180],{"href":10386},[15,16790,10390],{},[172,16792,16793],{},[270,16794,10901],{"href":10381},[172,16796,16797],{},[270,16798,16800],{"href":16799},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[172,16802,16803],{},[270,16804,10912],{"href":10724},[20,16806,16807],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1583,16809,16810],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":16812},[16813,16814,16815,16816,16819,16822,16827,16828,16833,16834,16839,16840,16848],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":14810,"depth":103,"text":14811},{"id":14828,"depth":103,"text":14816},{"id":14912,"depth":103,"text":14913,"children":16817},[16818],{"id":15064,"depth":132,"text":15065},{"id":9052,"depth":103,"text":9053,"children":16820},[16821],{"id":15243,"depth":132,"text":15244},{"id":15356,"depth":103,"text":16823,"children":16824},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16825],{"id":15482,"depth":132,"text":16826},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9094,"depth":103,"text":9095},{"id":15836,"depth":103,"text":15837,"children":16829},[16830,16831,16832],{"id":15857,"depth":132,"text":15858},{"id":15959,"depth":132,"text":15960},{"id":16041,"depth":132,"text":16042},{"id":16127,"depth":103,"text":16128},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":16835},[16836,16837,16838],{"id":16287,"depth":132,"text":16288},{"id":16345,"depth":132,"text":16346},{"id":16409,"depth":132,"text":16410},{"id":16485,"depth":103,"text":16486},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":16841},[16842,16843,16844,16845,16846],{"id":16729,"depth":132,"text":16730},{"id":16740,"depth":132,"text":16741},{"id":16750,"depth":132,"text":16751},{"id":16757,"depth":132,"text":16758},{"id":16764,"depth":132,"text":16847},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14653,"description":16849},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16855,"title":16856,"body":16857,"description":19303,"extension":1616,"meta":19304,"navigation":434,"path":19305,"seo":19306,"stem":19307,"__hash__":19308},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16858,"toc":19259},[16859,16865,16871,16874,16877,16879,16961,16967,16972,16976,16994,17006,17011,17015,17038,17040,17052,17060,17064,17070,17072,17075,17148,17150,17195,17197,17214,17219,17225,17230,17304,17306,17351,17354,17365,17367,17486,17488,17541,17548,17552,17555,17572,17578,17582,17680,17682,17734,17741,17745,17751,17754,17757,17784,17789,17793,17796,17900,17902,17947,17950,17953,17958,17963,17974,17976,18037,18097,18103,18111,18117,18122,18127,18187,18191,18258,18261,18265,18336,18339,18352,18359,18361,18365,18369,18439,18441,18478,18481,18484,18547,18554,18557,18599,18609,18612,18681,18687,18692,18776,18778,18827,18834,18840,18885,18887,18920,18925,18929,18935,18974,19018,19086,19129,19131,19137,19140,19144,19149,19153,19156,19160,19162,19223,19225,19251,19256],[10,16860,10968,16862,18],{"id":16861},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16863,16864],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16866,16867,16870],{},[15,16868,16869],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16872,16873],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16875,16876],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[30,16878,33],{"id":32},[35,16880,16882],{"className":37,"code":16881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16883,16884,16917,16945,16956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,16885,16886,16889,16891,16893,16895,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16907,16909,16911,16913,16915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,16887,16888],{"class":50},"keys ",[44,16890,55],{"class":54},[44,16892,3273],{"class":58},[44,16894,63],{"class":62},[44,16896,7318],{"class":66},[44,16898,63],{"class":62},[44,16900,72],{"class":58},[44,16902,75],{"class":62},[44,16904,8949],{"class":66},[44,16906,63],{"class":62},[44,16908,72],{"class":58},[44,16910,75],{"class":62},[44,16912,10059],{"class":66},[44,16914,63],{"class":62},[44,16916,3286],{"class":58},[44,16918,16919,16921,16923,16925,16927,16930,16932,16934,16936,16938,16941,16943],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,16920,12852],{"class":50},[44,16922,55],{"class":54},[44,16924,8821],{"class":2546},[44,16926,114],{"class":58},[44,16928,16929],{"class":117},"fromkeys",[44,16931,121],{"class":58},[44,16933,16571],{"class":117},[44,16935,72],{"class":58},[44,16937,75],{"class":62},[44,16939,16940],{"class":66},"unknown",[44,16942,63],{"class":62},[44,16944,100],{"class":58},[44,16946,16947,16949,16951,16954],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,16948,136],{"class":135},[44,16950,121],{"class":58},[44,16952,16953],{"class":117},"person",[44,16955,100],{"class":58},[44,16957,16958],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,16959,16960],{"class":147},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16962,651,16963,16966],{},[15,16964,16965],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[30,16968,158,16970,161],{"id":16969},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16971,16869],{},[20,16973,16974,1155],{},[15,16975,16869],{},[169,16977,16978,16981,16984,16987],{},[172,16979,16980],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[172,16982,16983],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[172,16985,16986],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[172,16988,16989,16990,16993],{},"Is called as ",[15,16991,16992],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16995,16996,16997,16999,17000,17002,17003,114],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16998,8471],{},", so you write ",[15,17001,16992],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17004,17005],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17007,17008,17009,114],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[270,17010,8806],{"href":12674},[30,17012,17014],{"id":17013},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[35,17016,17018],{"className":37,"code":17017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17019,17020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17021,17022,17024,17026,17028,17030,17032,17034,17036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17023,8471],{"class":2546},[44,17025,114],{"class":58},[44,17027,16929],{"class":117},[44,17029,121],{"class":58},[44,17031,3370],{"class":117},[44,17033,72],{"class":58},[44,17035,8082],{"class":117},[44,17037,100],{"class":58},[338,17039,341],{"id":340},[169,17041,17042,17047],{},[172,17043,17044,17046],{},[15,17045,3370],{},": the keys to use",[172,17048,17049,17051],{},[15,17050,302],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17053,17054,17055,17057,17058,114],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17056,302],{},", each key gets ",[15,17059,3428],{},[338,17061,17063],{"id":17062},"return-value","Return value",[20,17065,17066,17067,114],{},"It returns a ",[367,17068,17069],{},"new dictionary",[30,17071,5435],{"id":5434},[20,17073,17074],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[35,17076,17078],{"className":37,"code":17077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17079,17080,17112,17134,17138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17081,17082,17084,17086,17088,17090,17092,17094,17096,17098,17100,17102,17104,17106,17108,17110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17083,16888],{"class":50},[44,17085,55],{"class":54},[44,17087,3273],{"class":58},[44,17089,63],{"class":62},[44,17091,67],{"class":66},[44,17093,63],{"class":62},[44,17095,72],{"class":58},[44,17097,75],{"class":62},[44,17099,87],{"class":66},[44,17101,63],{"class":62},[44,17103,72],{"class":58},[44,17105,75],{"class":62},[44,17107,78],{"class":66},[44,17109,63],{"class":62},[44,17111,3286],{"class":58},[44,17113,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124,17126,17128,17130,17132],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,17115,51],{"class":50},[44,17117,55],{"class":54},[44,17119,8821],{"class":2546},[44,17121,114],{"class":58},[44,17123,16929],{"class":117},[44,17125,121],{"class":58},[44,17127,16571],{"class":117},[44,17129,72],{"class":58},[44,17131,3483],{"class":206},[44,17133,100],{"class":58},[44,17135,17136],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17137,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17139,17140,17142,17144,17146],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,17141,136],{"class":135},[44,17143,121],{"class":58},[44,17145,734],{"class":117},[44,17147,100],{"class":58},[20,17149,247],{},[35,17151,17153],{"className":37,"code":17152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17154,17155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17156,17157,17159,17161,17163,17165,17167,17169,17171,17173,17175,17177,17179,17181,17183,17185,17187,17189,17191,17193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17158,8928],{"class":58},[44,17160,2948],{"class":62},[44,17162,67],{"class":66},[44,17164,2948],{"class":62},[44,17166,1155],{"class":58},[44,17168,3483],{"class":206},[44,17170,72],{"class":58},[44,17172,2943],{"class":62},[44,17174,87],{"class":66},[44,17176,2948],{"class":62},[44,17178,1155],{"class":58},[44,17180,3483],{"class":206},[44,17182,72],{"class":58},[44,17184,2943],{"class":62},[44,17186,78],{"class":66},[44,17188,2948],{"class":62},[44,17190,1155],{"class":58},[44,17192,3483],{"class":206},[44,17194,8959],{"class":58},[20,17196,11333],{},[169,17198,17199,17204,17209],{},[172,17200,17201,17203],{},[15,17202,16571],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[172,17205,17206,17208],{},[15,17207,186],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[172,17210,17211,17213],{},[15,17212,16869],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17215,17216,17217,114],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[270,17218,9042],{"href":12677},[30,17220,895,17222,17224],{"id":17221},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17223,16864],{}," without a value",[20,17226,17227,17228,114],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17229,3428],{},[35,17231,17233],{"className":37,"code":17232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17234,17235,17269,17289,17293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17236,17237,17240,17242,17244,17246,17248,17250,17252,17254,17256,17258,17260,17262,17265,17267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17238,17239],{"class":50},"fields ",[44,17241,55],{"class":54},[44,17243,3273],{"class":58},[44,17245,63],{"class":62},[44,17247,7634],{"class":66},[44,17249,63],{"class":62},[44,17251,72],{"class":58},[44,17253,75],{"class":62},[44,17255,14906],{"class":66},[44,17257,63],{"class":62},[44,17259,72],{"class":58},[44,17261,75],{"class":62},[44,17263,17264],{"class":66},"password",[44,17266,63],{"class":62},[44,17268,3286],{"class":58},[44,17270,17271,17274,17276,17278,17280,17282,17284,17287],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,17272,17273],{"class":50},"user_data ",[44,17275,55],{"class":54},[44,17277,8821],{"class":2546},[44,17279,114],{"class":58},[44,17281,16929],{"class":117},[44,17283,121],{"class":58},[44,17285,17286],{"class":117},"fields",[44,17288,100],{"class":58},[44,17290,17291],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17292,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17294,17295,17297,17299,17302],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,17296,136],{"class":135},[44,17298,121],{"class":58},[44,17300,17301],{"class":117},"user_data",[44,17303,100],{"class":58},[20,17305,247],{},[35,17307,17309],{"className":37,"code":17308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17310,17311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17312,17313,17315,17317,17319,17321,17323,17325,17327,17329,17331,17333,17335,17337,17339,17341,17343,17345,17347,17349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17314,8928],{"class":58},[44,17316,2948],{"class":62},[44,17318,7634],{"class":66},[44,17320,2948],{"class":62},[44,17322,1155],{"class":58},[44,17324,3503],{"class":3502},[44,17326,72],{"class":58},[44,17328,2943],{"class":62},[44,17330,14906],{"class":66},[44,17332,2948],{"class":62},[44,17334,1155],{"class":58},[44,17336,3503],{"class":3502},[44,17338,72],{"class":58},[44,17340,2943],{"class":62},[44,17342,17264],{"class":66},[44,17344,2948],{"class":62},[44,17346,1155],{"class":58},[44,17348,3503],{"class":3502},[44,17350,8959],{"class":58},[20,17352,17353],{},"This is useful when:",[169,17355,17356,17359,17362],{},[172,17357,17358],{},"You want to create the keys first",[172,17360,17361],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[172,17363,17364],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17366,189],{},[35,17368,17370],{"className":37,"code":17369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17371,17372,17404,17422,17426,17449,17472,17476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17373,17374,17376,17378,17380,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17400,17402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17375,17239],{"class":50},[44,17377,55],{"class":54},[44,17379,3273],{"class":58},[44,17381,63],{"class":62},[44,17383,7634],{"class":66},[44,17385,63],{"class":62},[44,17387,72],{"class":58},[44,17389,75],{"class":62},[44,17391,14906],{"class":66},[44,17393,63],{"class":62},[44,17395,72],{"class":58},[44,17397,75],{"class":62},[44,17399,17264],{"class":66},[44,17401,63],{"class":62},[44,17403,3286],{"class":58},[44,17405,17406,17408,17410,17412,17414,17416,17418,17420],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,17407,17273],{"class":50},[44,17409,55],{"class":54},[44,17411,8821],{"class":2546},[44,17413,114],{"class":58},[44,17415,16929],{"class":117},[44,17417,121],{"class":58},[44,17419,17286],{"class":117},[44,17421,100],{"class":58},[44,17423,17424],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17425,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17427,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17438,17440,17442,17444,17447],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,17429,17301],{"class":50},[44,17431,1271],{"class":58},[44,17433,63],{"class":62},[44,17435,7634],{"class":66},[44,17437,63],{"class":62},[44,17439,12921],{"class":58},[44,17441,12924],{"class":54},[44,17443,75],{"class":62},[44,17445,17446],{"class":66},"alice",[44,17448,3007],{"class":62},[44,17450,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17470],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,17452,17301],{"class":50},[44,17454,1271],{"class":58},[44,17456,63],{"class":62},[44,17458,14906],{"class":66},[44,17460,63],{"class":62},[44,17462,12921],{"class":58},[44,17464,12924],{"class":54},[44,17466,75],{"class":62},[44,17468,17469],{"class":66},"alice@example.com",[44,17471,3007],{"class":62},[44,17473,17474],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,17475,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17477,17478,17480,17482,17484],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,17479,136],{"class":135},[44,17481,121],{"class":58},[44,17483,17301],{"class":117},[44,17485,100],{"class":58},[20,17487,247],{},[35,17489,17491],{"className":37,"code":17490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17492,17493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17494,17495,17497,17499,17501,17503,17505,17507,17509,17511,17513,17515,17517,17519,17521,17523,17525,17527,17529,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17496,8928],{"class":58},[44,17498,2948],{"class":62},[44,17500,7634],{"class":66},[44,17502,2948],{"class":62},[44,17504,1155],{"class":58},[44,17506,2943],{"class":62},[44,17508,17446],{"class":66},[44,17510,2948],{"class":62},[44,17512,72],{"class":58},[44,17514,2943],{"class":62},[44,17516,14906],{"class":66},[44,17518,2948],{"class":62},[44,17520,1155],{"class":58},[44,17522,2943],{"class":62},[44,17524,17469],{"class":66},[44,17526,2948],{"class":62},[44,17528,72],{"class":58},[44,17530,2943],{"class":62},[44,17532,17264],{"class":66},[44,17534,2948],{"class":62},[44,17536,1155],{"class":58},[44,17538,3503],{"class":3502},[44,17540,8959],{"class":58},[20,17542,17543,17544,114],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[270,17545,17547],{"href":17546},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[30,17549,17551],{"id":17550},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17553,17554],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[169,17556,17557,17562,17567],{},[172,17558,17559,17561],{},[15,17560,3437],{}," (list)",[172,17563,17564,17566],{},[15,17565,3442],{}," (dictionary)",[172,17568,17569,17571],{},[15,17570,3447],{}," (set)",[20,17573,17574,17575,114],{},"All keys will point to the ",[367,17576,17577],{},"same object",[338,17579,17581],{"id":17580},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[35,17583,17585],{"className":37,"code":17584,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17586,17587,17619,17640,17644,17666,17670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17588,17589,17591,17593,17595,17597,17599,17601,17603,17605,17607,17609,17611,17613,17615,17617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17590,16888],{"class":50},[44,17592,55],{"class":54},[44,17594,3273],{"class":58},[44,17596,63],{"class":62},[44,17598,270],{"class":66},[44,17600,63],{"class":62},[44,17602,72],{"class":58},[44,17604,75],{"class":62},[44,17606,399],{"class":66},[44,17608,63],{"class":62},[44,17610,72],{"class":58},[44,17612,75],{"class":62},[44,17614,408],{"class":66},[44,17616,63],{"class":62},[44,17618,3286],{"class":58},[44,17620,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633,17635,17637],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,17622,8816],{"class":50},[44,17624,55],{"class":54},[44,17626,8821],{"class":2546},[44,17628,114],{"class":58},[44,17630,16929],{"class":117},[44,17632,121],{"class":58},[44,17634,16571],{"class":117},[44,17636,72],{"class":58},[44,17638,17639],{"class":58}," [])\n",[44,17641,17642],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17643,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17645,17646,17648,17650,17652,17654,17656,17658,17660,17662,17664],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,17647,8855],{"class":50},[44,17649,1271],{"class":58},[44,17651,63],{"class":62},[44,17653,270],{"class":66},[44,17655,63],{"class":62},[44,17657,13198],{"class":58},[44,17659,13201],{"class":117},[44,17661,121],{"class":58},[44,17663,1133],{"class":206},[44,17665,100],{"class":58},[44,17667,17668],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,17669,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17671,17672,17674,17676,17678],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,17673,136],{"class":135},[44,17675,121],{"class":58},[44,17677,8855],{"class":117},[44,17679,100],{"class":58},[20,17681,247],{},[35,17683,17685],{"className":37,"code":17684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17686,17687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17688,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17706,17708,17710,17712,17714,17716,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17690,8928],{"class":58},[44,17692,2948],{"class":62},[44,17694,270],{"class":66},[44,17696,2948],{"class":62},[44,17698,1155],{"class":58},[44,17700,3273],{"class":58},[44,17702,1133],{"class":206},[44,17704,17705],{"class":58},"],",[44,17707,2943],{"class":62},[44,17709,399],{"class":66},[44,17711,2948],{"class":62},[44,17713,1155],{"class":58},[44,17715,3273],{"class":58},[44,17717,1133],{"class":206},[44,17719,17705],{"class":58},[44,17721,2943],{"class":62},[44,17723,408],{"class":66},[44,17725,2948],{"class":62},[44,17727,1155],{"class":58},[44,17729,3273],{"class":58},[44,17731,1133],{"class":206},[44,17733,13354],{"class":58},[20,17735,17736,17737,17740],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17738,17739],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[338,17742,17744],{"id":17743},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17746,17747,17750],{},[15,17748,17749],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17752,17753],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17755,17756],{},"So this:",[35,17758,17760],{"className":37,"code":17759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17761,17762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17763,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17765,8855],{"class":50},[44,17767,1271],{"class":58},[44,17769,63],{"class":62},[44,17771,270],{"class":66},[44,17773,63],{"class":62},[44,17775,13198],{"class":58},[44,17777,13201],{"class":117},[44,17779,121],{"class":58},[44,17781,1133],{"class":206},[44,17783,100],{"class":58},[20,17785,17786,17787,114],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17788,17739],{},[338,17790,17792],{"id":17791},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17794,17795],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[35,17797,17799],{"className":37,"code":17798,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17800,17801,17833,17860,17864,17886,17890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17802,17803,17805,17807,17809,17811,17813,17815,17817,17819,17821,17823,17825,17827,17829,17831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17804,16888],{"class":50},[44,17806,55],{"class":54},[44,17808,3273],{"class":58},[44,17810,63],{"class":62},[44,17812,270],{"class":66},[44,17814,63],{"class":62},[44,17816,72],{"class":58},[44,17818,75],{"class":62},[44,17820,399],{"class":66},[44,17822,63],{"class":62},[44,17824,72],{"class":58},[44,17826,75],{"class":62},[44,17828,408],{"class":66},[44,17830,63],{"class":62},[44,17832,3286],{"class":58},[44,17834,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17848,17850,17853,17855,17858],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,17836,8816],{"class":50},[44,17838,55],{"class":54},[44,17840,10141],{"class":58},[44,17842,14490],{"class":50},[44,17844,1155],{"class":58},[44,17846,17847],{"class":58}," []",[44,17849,3527],{"class":805},[44,17851,17852],{"class":50}," key ",[44,17854,1383],{"class":805},[44,17856,17857],{"class":50}," keys",[44,17859,8959],{"class":58},[44,17861,17862],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,17863,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17865,17866,17868,17870,17872,17874,17876,17878,17880,17882,17884],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,17867,8855],{"class":50},[44,17869,1271],{"class":58},[44,17871,63],{"class":62},[44,17873,270],{"class":66},[44,17875,63],{"class":62},[44,17877,13198],{"class":58},[44,17879,13201],{"class":117},[44,17881,121],{"class":58},[44,17883,1133],{"class":206},[44,17885,100],{"class":58},[44,17887,17888],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,17889,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,17891,17892,17894,17896,17898],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,17893,136],{"class":135},[44,17895,121],{"class":58},[44,17897,8855],{"class":117},[44,17899,100],{"class":58},[20,17901,247],{},[35,17903,17905],{"className":37,"code":17904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17906,17907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17908,17909,17911,17913,17915,17917,17919,17921,17923,17925,17927,17929,17931,17933,17936,17938,17940,17942,17944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17910,8928],{"class":58},[44,17912,2948],{"class":62},[44,17914,270],{"class":66},[44,17916,2948],{"class":62},[44,17918,1155],{"class":58},[44,17920,3273],{"class":58},[44,17922,1133],{"class":206},[44,17924,17705],{"class":58},[44,17926,2943],{"class":62},[44,17928,399],{"class":66},[44,17930,2948],{"class":62},[44,17932,1155],{"class":58},[44,17934,17935],{"class":58}," [],",[44,17937,2943],{"class":62},[44,17939,408],{"class":66},[44,17941,2948],{"class":62},[44,17943,1155],{"class":58},[44,17945,17946],{"class":58}," []}\n",[20,17948,17949],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17951,17952],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[30,17954,4609,17956],{"id":17955},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17957,16864],{},[20,17959,17960,17962],{},[15,17961,16869],{}," is a good choice when:",[169,17964,17965,17968,17971],{},[172,17966,17967],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[172,17969,17970],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[172,17972,17973],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17975,1776],{},[35,17977,17979],{"className":37,"code":17978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17980,17981,18026],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,17982,17983,17986,17988,17990,17992,17994,17996,17998,18001,18003,18005,18007,18009,18011,18013,18015,18018,18020,18022,18024],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,17984,17985],{"class":50},"flags ",[44,17987,55],{"class":54},[44,17989,8821],{"class":2546},[44,17991,114],{"class":58},[44,17993,16929],{"class":117},[44,17995,2631],{"class":58},[44,17997,63],{"class":62},[44,17999,18000],{"class":66},"is_admin",[44,18002,63],{"class":62},[44,18004,72],{"class":58},[44,18006,75],{"class":62},[44,18008,14727],{"class":66},[44,18010,63],{"class":62},[44,18012,72],{"class":58},[44,18014,75],{"class":62},[44,18016,18017],{"class":66},"is_verified",[44,18019,63],{"class":62},[44,18021,17705],{"class":58},[44,18023,3556],{"class":3502},[44,18025,100],{"class":58},[44,18027,18028,18030,18032,18035],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18029,136],{"class":135},[44,18031,121],{"class":58},[44,18033,18034],{"class":117},"flags",[44,18036,100],{"class":58},[35,18038,18040],{"className":37,"code":18039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18041,18042,18087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18043,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18061,18063,18065,18067,18070,18072,18074,18076,18079,18081,18083,18085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18045,4712],{"class":50},[44,18047,55],{"class":54},[44,18049,8821],{"class":2546},[44,18051,114],{"class":58},[44,18053,16929],{"class":117},[44,18055,2631],{"class":58},[44,18057,63],{"class":62},[44,18059,18060],{"class":66},"math",[44,18062,63],{"class":62},[44,18064,72],{"class":58},[44,18066,75],{"class":62},[44,18068,18069],{"class":66},"science",[44,18071,63],{"class":62},[44,18073,72],{"class":58},[44,18075,75],{"class":62},[44,18077,18078],{"class":66},"history",[44,18080,63],{"class":62},[44,18082,17705],{"class":58},[44,18084,3483],{"class":206},[44,18086,100],{"class":58},[44,18088,18089,18091,18093,18095],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18090,136],{"class":135},[44,18092,121],{"class":58},[44,18094,16036],{"class":117},[44,18096,100],{"class":58},[20,18098,18099,18100,18102],{},"It is ",[367,18101,881],{}," the best choice when:",[169,18104,18105,18108],{},[172,18106,18107],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[172,18109,18110],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[30,18112,18114,18116],{"id":18113},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18115,16864],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18118,18119,18121],{},[15,18120,16864],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[338,18123,895,18125],{"id":18124},"using-fromkeys",[15,18126,16864],{},[35,18128,18130],{"className":37,"code":18129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18131,18132,18177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18133,18134,18136,18138,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18151,18153,18155,18157,18160,18162,18164,18166,18169,18171,18173,18175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18135,13474],{"class":50},[44,18137,55],{"class":54},[44,18139,8821],{"class":2546},[44,18141,114],{"class":58},[44,18143,16929],{"class":117},[44,18145,2631],{"class":58},[44,18147,63],{"class":62},[44,18149,18150],{"class":66},"sound",[44,18152,63],{"class":62},[44,18154,72],{"class":58},[44,18156,75],{"class":62},[44,18158,18159],{"class":66},"music",[44,18161,63],{"class":62},[44,18163,72],{"class":58},[44,18165,75],{"class":62},[44,18167,18168],{"class":66},"notifications",[44,18170,63],{"class":62},[44,18172,17705],{"class":58},[44,18174,3565],{"class":3502},[44,18176,100],{"class":58},[44,18178,18179,18181,18183,18185],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18180,136],{"class":135},[44,18182,121],{"class":58},[44,18184,13533],{"class":117},[44,18186,100],{"class":58},[338,18188,18190],{"id":18189},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[35,18192,18194],{"className":37,"code":18193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18195,18196,18204,18218,18232,18244,18248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18197,18198,18200,18202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18199,13474],{"class":50},[44,18201,55],{"class":54},[44,18203,11142],{"class":58},[44,18205,18206,18208,18210,18212,18214,18216],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18207,11147],{"class":62},[44,18209,18150],{"class":66},[44,18211,63],{"class":62},[44,18213,1155],{"class":58},[44,18215,3565],{"class":3502},[44,18217,11163],{"class":58},[44,18219,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18221,11147],{"class":62},[44,18223,18159],{"class":66},[44,18225,63],{"class":62},[44,18227,1155],{"class":58},[44,18229,3556],{"class":3502},[44,18231,11163],{"class":58},[44,18233,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,18235,11147],{"class":62},[44,18237,18168],{"class":66},[44,18239,63],{"class":62},[44,18241,1155],{"class":58},[44,18243,6071],{"class":3502},[44,18245,18246],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,18247,8959],{"class":58},[44,18249,18250,18252,18254,18256],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,18251,136],{"class":135},[44,18253,121],{"class":58},[44,18255,13533],{"class":117},[44,18257,100],{"class":58},[20,18259,18260],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[338,18262,18264],{"id":18263},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[35,18266,18268],{"className":37,"code":18267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18269,18270,18302,18326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18271,18272,18274,18276,18278,18280,18282,18284,18286,18288,18290,18292,18294,18296,18298,18300],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18273,16888],{"class":50},[44,18275,55],{"class":54},[44,18277,3273],{"class":58},[44,18279,63],{"class":62},[44,18281,270],{"class":66},[44,18283,63],{"class":62},[44,18285,72],{"class":58},[44,18287,75],{"class":62},[44,18289,399],{"class":66},[44,18291,63],{"class":62},[44,18293,72],{"class":58},[44,18295,75],{"class":62},[44,18297,408],{"class":66},[44,18299,63],{"class":62},[44,18301,3286],{"class":58},[44,18303,18304,18306,18308,18310,18312,18314,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18305,8816],{"class":50},[44,18307,55],{"class":54},[44,18309,10141],{"class":58},[44,18311,14490],{"class":50},[44,18313,1155],{"class":58},[44,18315,17847],{"class":58},[44,18317,3527],{"class":805},[44,18319,17852],{"class":50},[44,18321,1383],{"class":805},[44,18323,17857],{"class":50},[44,18325,8959],{"class":58},[44,18327,18328,18330,18332,18334],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18329,136],{"class":135},[44,18331,121],{"class":58},[44,18333,8855],{"class":117},[44,18335,100],{"class":58},[20,18337,18338],{},"Use:",[169,18340,18341,18346,18349],{},[172,18342,18343,18345],{},[15,18344,16864],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[172,18347,18348],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[172,18350,18351],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18353,18354,18355,114],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[270,18356,10387,18357,1180],{"href":13681},[15,18358,14602],{},[30,18360,1299],{"id":1298},[20,18362,14382,18363,114],{},[15,18364,16869],{},[338,18366,18368],{"id":18367},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[35,18370,18372],{"className":37,"code":18371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18373,18374,18407,18429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18375,18376,18379,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397,18399,18401,18403,18405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18377,18378],{"class":50},"d ",[44,18380,55],{"class":54},[44,18382,8821],{"class":2546},[44,18384,114],{"class":58},[44,18386,16929],{"class":117},[44,18388,2631],{"class":58},[44,18390,63],{"class":62},[44,18392,270],{"class":66},[44,18394,63],{"class":62},[44,18396,72],{"class":58},[44,18398,75],{"class":62},[44,18400,399],{"class":66},[44,18402,63],{"class":62},[44,18404,17705],{"class":58},[44,18406,17639],{"class":58},[44,18408,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18410,425],{"class":50},[44,18412,1271],{"class":58},[44,18414,63],{"class":62},[44,18416,270],{"class":66},[44,18418,63],{"class":62},[44,18420,13198],{"class":58},[44,18422,13201],{"class":117},[44,18424,121],{"class":58},[44,18426,1133],{"class":206},[44,18428,100],{"class":58},[44,18430,18431,18433,18435,18437],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18432,136],{"class":135},[44,18434,121],{"class":58},[44,18436,425],{"class":117},[44,18438,100],{"class":58},[20,18440,247],{},[35,18442,18444],{"className":37,"code":18443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18445,18446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18447,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466,18468,18470,18472,18474,18476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18449,8928],{"class":58},[44,18451,2948],{"class":62},[44,18453,270],{"class":66},[44,18455,2948],{"class":62},[44,18457,1155],{"class":58},[44,18459,3273],{"class":58},[44,18461,1133],{"class":206},[44,18463,17705],{"class":58},[44,18465,2943],{"class":62},[44,18467,399],{"class":66},[44,18469,2948],{"class":62},[44,18471,1155],{"class":58},[44,18473,3273],{"class":58},[44,18475,1133],{"class":206},[44,18477,13354],{"class":58},[20,18479,18480],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18482,18483],{},"Use this instead:",[35,18485,18487],{"className":37,"code":18486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18488,18489,18513,18537],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18490,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505,18507,18509,18511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18492,16888],{"class":50},[44,18494,55],{"class":54},[44,18496,3273],{"class":58},[44,18498,63],{"class":62},[44,18500,270],{"class":66},[44,18502,63],{"class":62},[44,18504,72],{"class":58},[44,18506,75],{"class":62},[44,18508,399],{"class":66},[44,18510,63],{"class":62},[44,18512,3286],{"class":58},[44,18514,18515,18517,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18516,18378],{"class":50},[44,18518,55],{"class":54},[44,18520,10141],{"class":58},[44,18522,14490],{"class":50},[44,18524,1155],{"class":58},[44,18526,17847],{"class":58},[44,18528,3527],{"class":805},[44,18530,17852],{"class":50},[44,18532,1383],{"class":805},[44,18534,17857],{"class":50},[44,18536,8959],{"class":58},[44,18538,18539,18541,18543,18545],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18540,136],{"class":135},[44,18542,121],{"class":58},[44,18544,425],{"class":117},[44,18546,100],{"class":58},[338,18548,18550,18551,18553],{"id":18549},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18552,16864],{}," on a list",[20,18555,18556],{},"Wrong idea:",[35,18558,18560],{"className":37,"code":18559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18561,18562,18594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18563,18564,18566,18568,18570,18572,18574,18576,18578,18580,18582,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18565,16888],{"class":50},[44,18567,55],{"class":54},[44,18569,3273],{"class":58},[44,18571,63],{"class":62},[44,18573,270],{"class":66},[44,18575,63],{"class":62},[44,18577,72],{"class":58},[44,18579,75],{"class":62},[44,18581,399],{"class":66},[44,18583,63],{"class":62},[44,18585,72],{"class":58},[44,18587,75],{"class":62},[44,18589,408],{"class":66},[44,18591,63],{"class":62},[44,18593,3286],{"class":58},[44,18595,18596],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18597,18598],{"class":147},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18600,18601,18603,18604,18606,18607,114],{},[15,18602,16864],{}," belongs to ",[15,18605,8471],{},", not ",[15,18608,7742],{},[20,18610,18611],{},"Correct usage:",[35,18613,18615],{"className":37,"code":18614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18616,18617,18649,18671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18618,18619,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639,18641,18643,18645,18647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18620,16888],{"class":50},[44,18622,55],{"class":54},[44,18624,3273],{"class":58},[44,18626,63],{"class":62},[44,18628,270],{"class":66},[44,18630,63],{"class":62},[44,18632,72],{"class":58},[44,18634,75],{"class":62},[44,18636,399],{"class":66},[44,18638,63],{"class":62},[44,18640,72],{"class":58},[44,18642,75],{"class":62},[44,18644,408],{"class":66},[44,18646,63],{"class":62},[44,18648,3286],{"class":58},[44,18650,18651,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18652,18378],{"class":50},[44,18654,55],{"class":54},[44,18656,8821],{"class":2546},[44,18658,114],{"class":58},[44,18660,16929],{"class":117},[44,18662,121],{"class":58},[44,18664,16571],{"class":117},[44,18666,72],{"class":58},[44,18668,3483],{"class":206},[44,18670,100],{"class":58},[44,18672,18673,18675,18677,18679],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18674,136],{"class":135},[44,18676,121],{"class":58},[44,18678,425],{"class":117},[44,18680,100],{"class":58},[338,18682,1312,18684,18686],{"id":18683},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18685,16864],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18688,18689,18691],{},[15,18690,16869],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[35,18693,18695],{"className":37,"code":18694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18696,18697,18717,18751,18755,18765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18698,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18700,11736],{"class":50},[44,18702,55],{"class":54},[44,18704,10141],{"class":58},[44,18706,63],{"class":62},[44,18708,1823],{"class":66},[44,18710,63],{"class":62},[44,18712,1155],{"class":58},[44,18714,519],{"class":206},[44,18716,8959],{"class":58},[44,18718,18719,18721,18723,18725,18727,18729,18731,18733,18735,18737,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18720,12689],{"class":50},[44,18722,55],{"class":54},[44,18724,8821],{"class":2546},[44,18726,114],{"class":58},[44,18728,16929],{"class":117},[44,18730,2631],{"class":58},[44,18732,63],{"class":62},[44,18734,270],{"class":66},[44,18736,63],{"class":62},[44,18738,72],{"class":58},[44,18740,75],{"class":62},[44,18742,399],{"class":66},[44,18744,63],{"class":62},[44,18746,17705],{"class":58},[44,18748,3483],{"class":206},[44,18750,100],{"class":58},[44,18752,18753],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,18754,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,18756,18757,18759,18761,18763],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,18758,136],{"class":135},[44,18760,121],{"class":58},[44,18762,11783],{"class":117},[44,18764,100],{"class":58},[44,18766,18767,18769,18771,18774],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,18768,136],{"class":135},[44,18770,121],{"class":58},[44,18772,18773],{"class":117},"new_dict",[44,18775,100],{"class":58},[20,18777,247],{},[35,18779,18781],{"className":37,"code":18780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18782,18783,18799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18784,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795,18797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18786,8928],{"class":58},[44,18788,2948],{"class":62},[44,18790,1823],{"class":66},[44,18792,2948],{"class":62},[44,18794,1155],{"class":58},[44,18796,519],{"class":206},[44,18798,8959],{"class":58},[44,18800,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18802,8928],{"class":58},[44,18804,2948],{"class":62},[44,18806,270],{"class":66},[44,18808,2948],{"class":62},[44,18810,1155],{"class":58},[44,18812,3483],{"class":206},[44,18814,72],{"class":58},[44,18816,2943],{"class":62},[44,18818,399],{"class":66},[44,18820,2948],{"class":62},[44,18822,1155],{"class":58},[44,18824,3483],{"class":206},[44,18826,8959],{"class":58},[20,18828,18829,18830,114],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[270,18831,10387,18832,1180],{"href":13681},[15,18833,14602],{},[338,18835,18837,18838],{"id":18836},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18839,3428],{},[35,18841,18843],{"className":37,"code":18842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18844,18845,18875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18846,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855,18857,18859,18861,18863,18865,18867,18869,18871,18873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18848,18378],{"class":50},[44,18850,55],{"class":54},[44,18852,8821],{"class":2546},[44,18854,114],{"class":58},[44,18856,16929],{"class":117},[44,18858,2631],{"class":58},[44,18860,63],{"class":62},[44,18862,1823],{"class":66},[44,18864,63],{"class":62},[44,18866,72],{"class":58},[44,18868,75],{"class":62},[44,18870,11395],{"class":66},[44,18872,63],{"class":62},[44,18874,3538],{"class":58},[44,18876,18877,18879,18881,18883],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,18878,136],{"class":135},[44,18880,121],{"class":58},[44,18882,425],{"class":117},[44,18884,100],{"class":58},[20,18886,247],{},[35,18888,18890],{"className":37,"code":18889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18891,18892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18893,18894,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18895,8928],{"class":58},[44,18897,2948],{"class":62},[44,18899,1823],{"class":66},[44,18901,2948],{"class":62},[44,18903,1155],{"class":58},[44,18905,3503],{"class":3502},[44,18907,72],{"class":58},[44,18909,2943],{"class":62},[44,18911,11395],{"class":66},[44,18913,2948],{"class":62},[44,18915,1155],{"class":58},[44,18917,3503],{"class":3502},[44,18919,8959],{"class":58},[20,18921,18922,18923,114],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18924,3428],{},[30,18926,18928],{"id":18927},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18930,18931,18932,18934],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18933,16864],{}," works.",[35,18936,18938],{"className":37,"code":18937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18939,18940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18941,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18943,136],{"class":135},[44,18945,121],{"class":58},[44,18947,8471],{"class":2546},[44,18949,114],{"class":58},[44,18951,16929],{"class":117},[44,18953,2631],{"class":58},[44,18955,63],{"class":62},[44,18957,270],{"class":66},[44,18959,63],{"class":62},[44,18961,72],{"class":58},[44,18963,75],{"class":62},[44,18965,399],{"class":66},[44,18967,63],{"class":62},[44,18969,17705],{"class":58},[44,18971,3483],{"class":206},[44,18973,244],{"class":58},[35,18975,18976],{"className":37,"code":18842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,18977,18978,19008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,18979,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,18981,18378],{"class":50},[44,18983,55],{"class":54},[44,18985,8821],{"class":2546},[44,18987,114],{"class":58},[44,18989,16929],{"class":117},[44,18991,2631],{"class":58},[44,18993,63],{"class":62},[44,18995,1823],{"class":66},[44,18997,63],{"class":62},[44,18999,72],{"class":58},[44,19001,75],{"class":62},[44,19003,11395],{"class":66},[44,19005,63],{"class":62},[44,19007,3538],{"class":58},[44,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19011,136],{"class":135},[44,19013,121],{"class":58},[44,19015,425],{"class":117},[44,19017,100],{"class":58},[35,19019,19020],{"className":37,"code":18371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,19021,19022,19054,19076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19023,19024,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044,19046,19048,19050,19052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19025,18378],{"class":50},[44,19027,55],{"class":54},[44,19029,8821],{"class":2546},[44,19031,114],{"class":58},[44,19033,16929],{"class":117},[44,19035,2631],{"class":58},[44,19037,63],{"class":62},[44,19039,270],{"class":66},[44,19041,63],{"class":62},[44,19043,72],{"class":58},[44,19045,75],{"class":62},[44,19047,399],{"class":66},[44,19049,63],{"class":62},[44,19051,17705],{"class":58},[44,19053,17639],{"class":58},[44,19055,19056,19058,19060,19062,19064,19066,19068,19070,19072,19074],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19057,425],{"class":50},[44,19059,1271],{"class":58},[44,19061,63],{"class":62},[44,19063,270],{"class":66},[44,19065,63],{"class":62},[44,19067,13198],{"class":58},[44,19069,13201],{"class":117},[44,19071,121],{"class":58},[44,19073,1133],{"class":206},[44,19075,100],{"class":58},[44,19077,19078,19080,19082,19084],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19079,136],{"class":135},[44,19081,121],{"class":58},[44,19083,425],{"class":117},[44,19085,100],{"class":58},[35,19087,19089],{"className":37,"code":19088,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19090,19091],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19092,19093,19095,19097,19099,19101,19103,19105,19107,19109,19111,19113,19115,19117,19119,19121,19123,19125,19127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19094,136],{"class":135},[44,19096,121],{"class":58},[44,19098,2868],{"class":2546},[44,19100,121],{"class":58},[44,19102,8471],{"class":2546},[44,19104,114],{"class":58},[44,19106,16929],{"class":117},[44,19108,2631],{"class":58},[44,19110,1133],{"class":206},[44,19112,72],{"class":58},[44,19114,488],{"class":206},[44,19116,72],{"class":58},[44,19118,524],{"class":206},[44,19120,17705],{"class":58},[44,19122,75],{"class":62},[44,19124,302],{"class":66},[44,19126,63],{"class":62},[44,19128,2557],{"class":58},[30,19130,1497],{"id":1496},[338,19132,12355,19134,19136],{"id":19133},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19135,16864],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19138,19139],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[338,19141,19143],{"id":19142},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19145,19146,19147,114],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19148,3428],{},[338,19150,19152],{"id":19151},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19154,19155],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[338,19157,19159],{"id":19158},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19161,17795],{},[35,19163,19165],{"className":37,"code":19164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19166,19167,19199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19168,19169,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191,19193,19195,19197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19170,16888],{"class":50},[44,19172,55],{"class":54},[44,19174,3273],{"class":58},[44,19176,63],{"class":62},[44,19178,270],{"class":66},[44,19180,63],{"class":62},[44,19182,72],{"class":58},[44,19184,75],{"class":62},[44,19186,399],{"class":66},[44,19188,63],{"class":62},[44,19190,72],{"class":58},[44,19192,75],{"class":62},[44,19194,408],{"class":66},[44,19196,63],{"class":62},[44,19198,3286],{"class":58},[44,19200,19201,19203,19205,19207,19209,19211,19213,19215,19217,19219,19221],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19202,8816],{"class":50},[44,19204,55],{"class":54},[44,19206,10141],{"class":58},[44,19208,14490],{"class":50},[44,19210,1155],{"class":58},[44,19212,17847],{"class":58},[44,19214,3527],{"class":805},[44,19216,17852],{"class":50},[44,19218,1383],{"class":805},[44,19220,17857],{"class":50},[44,19222,8959],{"class":58},[30,19224,1554],{"id":1553},[169,19226,19227,19231,19235,19239,19245],{},[172,19228,19229],{},[270,19230,10892],{"href":12677},[172,19232,19233],{},[270,19234,8806],{"href":12674},[172,19236,19237],{},[270,19238,10901],{"href":17546},[172,19240,19241],{},[270,19242,10387,19243,1180],{"href":13681},[15,19244,14602],{},[172,19246,19247],{},[270,19248,10387,19249,1180],{"href":14647},[15,19250,12427],{},[20,19252,651,19253,19255],{},[15,19254,16869],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1583,19257,19258],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":19260},[19261,19262,19264,19268,19269,19271,19276,19278,19285,19294,19295,19302],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":16969,"depth":103,"text":19263},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17013,"depth":103,"text":17014,"children":19265},[19266,19267],{"id":340,"depth":132,"text":341},{"id":17062,"depth":132,"text":17063},{"id":5434,"depth":103,"text":5435},{"id":17221,"depth":103,"text":19270},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17550,"depth":103,"text":17551,"children":19272},[19273,19274,19275],{"id":17580,"depth":132,"text":17581},{"id":17743,"depth":132,"text":17744},{"id":17791,"depth":132,"text":17792},{"id":17955,"depth":103,"text":19277},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18113,"depth":103,"text":19279,"children":19280},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19281,19283,19284],{"id":18124,"depth":132,"text":19282},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18189,"depth":132,"text":18190},{"id":18263,"depth":132,"text":18264},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":19286},[19287,19288,19290,19292],{"id":18367,"depth":132,"text":18368},{"id":18549,"depth":132,"text":19289},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18683,"depth":132,"text":19291},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18836,"depth":132,"text":19293},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18927,"depth":103,"text":18928},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":19296},[19297,19299,19300,19301],{"id":19133,"depth":132,"text":19298},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19142,"depth":132,"text":19143},{"id":19151,"depth":132,"text":19152},{"id":19158,"depth":132,"text":19159},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16856,"description":19303},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19310,"title":19311,"body":19312,"description":21139,"extension":1616,"meta":21140,"navigation":434,"path":21141,"seo":21142,"stem":21143,"__hash__":21144},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19313,"toc":21106},[19314,19319,19325,19336,19466,19473,19478,19482,19498,19500,19598,19601,19618,19622,19624,19629,19667,19670,19688,19690,19808,19813,19817,19833,19836,19972,19975,19980,19986,19989,20026,20029,20033,20038,20113,20117,20122,20204,20206,20222,20227,20231,20237,20306,20309,20326,20329,20411,20417,20420,20440,20444,20449,20455,20461,20532,20535,20541,20544,20618,20624,20630,20638,20648,20650,20745,20751,20756,20842,20848,20850,20855,20877,20880,20975,20978,21009,21022,21024,21032,21038,21044,21047,21053,21058,21065,21070,21072,21103],[10,19315,10968,19317,18],{"id":19316},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19318,10390],{},[20,19320,19321,19322,19324],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19323,10390],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19326,19327,19328,1134,19331,2044,19333,19335],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19329,19330],{},"KeyError",[15,19332,10390],{},[15,19334,3428],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[35,19337,19339],{"className":37,"code":19338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19340,19341,19377,19381,19407,19432],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19342,19343,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19344,12852],{"class":50},[44,19346,55],{"class":54},[44,19348,10141],{"class":58},[44,19350,63],{"class":62},[44,19352,7318],{"class":66},[44,19354,63],{"class":62},[44,19356,1155],{"class":58},[44,19358,75],{"class":62},[44,19360,12531],{"class":66},[44,19362,63],{"class":62},[44,19364,72],{"class":58},[44,19366,75],{"class":62},[44,19368,8949],{"class":66},[44,19370,63],{"class":62},[44,19372,1155],{"class":58},[44,19374,8956],{"class":206},[44,19376,8959],{"class":58},[44,19378,19379],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19380,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,19382,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19384,136],{"class":135},[44,19386,121],{"class":58},[44,19388,16953],{"class":117},[44,19390,114],{"class":58},[44,19392,19393],{"class":117},"get",[44,19395,121],{"class":58},[44,19397,63],{"class":62},[44,19399,7318],{"class":66},[44,19401,63],{"class":62},[44,19403,459],{"class":58},[44,19405,19406],{"class":147},"           # Ana\n",[44,19408,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423,19425,19427,19429],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,19410,136],{"class":135},[44,19412,121],{"class":58},[44,19414,16953],{"class":117},[44,19416,114],{"class":58},[44,19418,19393],{"class":117},[44,19420,121],{"class":58},[44,19422,63],{"class":62},[44,19424,10059],{"class":66},[44,19426,63],{"class":62},[44,19428,459],{"class":58},[44,19430,19431],{"class":147},"           # None\n",[44,19433,19434,19436,19438,19440,19442,19444,19446,19448,19450,19452,19454,19456,19459,19461,19463],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,19435,136],{"class":135},[44,19437,121],{"class":58},[44,19439,16953],{"class":117},[44,19441,114],{"class":58},[44,19443,19393],{"class":117},[44,19445,121],{"class":58},[44,19447,63],{"class":62},[44,19449,10059],{"class":66},[44,19451,63],{"class":62},[44,19453,72],{"class":58},[44,19455,75],{"class":62},[44,19457,19458],{"class":66},"N\u002FA",[44,19460,63],{"class":62},[44,19462,459],{"class":58},[44,19464,19465],{"class":147},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19467,651,19468,19470,19471,114],{},[15,19469,10390],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19472,19330],{},[30,19474,158,19476,161],{"id":19475},"what-get-does",[15,19477,10390],{},[20,19479,164,19480,167],{},[15,19481,10390],{},[169,19483,19484,19487,19492,19495],{},[172,19485,19486],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[172,19488,11072,19489,19491],{},[15,19490,3428],{}," if the key does not exist",[172,19493,19494],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[172,19496,19497],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19499,189],{},[35,19501,19503],{"className":37,"code":19502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19504,19505,19544,19548,19573],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19506,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19526,19528,19530,19532,19535,19537,19539,19542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19508,12514],{"class":50},[44,19510,55],{"class":54},[44,19512,10141],{"class":58},[44,19514,63],{"class":62},[44,19516,7318],{"class":66},[44,19518,63],{"class":62},[44,19520,1155],{"class":58},[44,19522,75],{"class":62},[44,19524,19525],{"class":66},"Lina",[44,19527,63],{"class":62},[44,19529,72],{"class":58},[44,19531,75],{"class":62},[44,19533,19534],{"class":66},"grade",[44,19536,63],{"class":62},[44,19538,1155],{"class":58},[44,19540,19541],{"class":206}," 90",[44,19543,8959],{"class":58},[44,19545,19546],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19547,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,19549,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19551,136],{"class":135},[44,19553,121],{"class":58},[44,19555,13274],{"class":117},[44,19557,114],{"class":58},[44,19559,19393],{"class":117},[44,19561,121],{"class":58},[44,19563,63],{"class":62},[44,19565,7318],{"class":66},[44,19567,63],{"class":62},[44,19569,459],{"class":58},[44,19571,19572],{"class":147},"     # Lina\n",[44,19574,19575,19577,19579,19581,19583,19585,19587,19589,19591,19593,19595],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,19576,136],{"class":135},[44,19578,121],{"class":58},[44,19580,13274],{"class":117},[44,19582,114],{"class":58},[44,19584,19393],{"class":117},[44,19586,121],{"class":58},[44,19588,63],{"class":62},[44,19590,14906],{"class":66},[44,19592,63],{"class":62},[44,19594,459],{"class":58},[44,19596,19597],{"class":147},"    # None\n",[20,19599,19600],{},"In this example:",[169,19602,19603,19608],{},[172,19604,19605,19607],{},[15,19606,14888],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[172,19609,19610,19613,19614,2044,19616],{},[15,19611,19612],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19615,10390],{},[15,19617,3428],{},[20,19619,12671,19620,114],{},[270,19621,8806],{"href":8805},[30,19623,277],{"id":276},[20,19625,19626,19627,1155],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19628,10390],{},[35,19630,19632],{"className":37,"code":19631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19633,19634,19648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19635,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19637,15252],{"class":50},[44,19639,114],{"class":58},[44,19641,19393],{"class":117},[44,19643,121],{"class":58},[44,19645,14490],{"class":117},[44,19647,100],{"class":58},[44,19649,19650,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19665],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19651,15252],{"class":50},[44,19653,114],{"class":58},[44,19655,19393],{"class":117},[44,19657,121],{"class":58},[44,19659,14490],{"class":117},[44,19661,72],{"class":58},[44,19663,19664],{"class":117}," default_value",[44,19666,100],{"class":58},[20,19668,19669],{},"What each part means:",[169,19671,19672,19677,19683],{},[172,19673,19674,19676],{},[15,19675,14490],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[172,19678,19679,19682],{},[15,19680,19681],{},"default_value"," is optional",[172,19684,19685,19686],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19687,3428],{},[20,19689,189],{},[35,19691,19693],{"className":37,"code":19692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19694,19695,19719,19723,19748,19774],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19696,19697,19699,19701,19703,19705,19707,19709,19711,19713,19715,19717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19698,13474],{"class":50},[44,19700,55],{"class":54},[44,19702,10141],{"class":58},[44,19704,63],{"class":62},[44,19706,12145],{"class":66},[44,19708,63],{"class":62},[44,19710,1155],{"class":58},[44,19712,75],{"class":62},[44,19714,12154],{"class":66},[44,19716,63],{"class":62},[44,19718,8959],{"class":58},[44,19720,19721],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19722,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,19724,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19735,19737,19739,19741,19743,19745],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19726,136],{"class":135},[44,19728,121],{"class":58},[44,19730,13533],{"class":117},[44,19732,114],{"class":58},[44,19734,19393],{"class":117},[44,19736,121],{"class":58},[44,19738,63],{"class":62},[44,19740,12145],{"class":66},[44,19742,63],{"class":62},[44,19744,459],{"class":58},[44,19746,19747],{"class":147},"            # dark\n",[44,19749,19750,19752,19754,19756,19758,19760,19762,19764,19767,19769,19771],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,19751,136],{"class":135},[44,19753,121],{"class":58},[44,19755,13533],{"class":117},[44,19757,114],{"class":58},[44,19759,19393],{"class":117},[44,19761,121],{"class":58},[44,19763,63],{"class":62},[44,19765,19766],{"class":66},"language",[44,19768,63],{"class":62},[44,19770,459],{"class":58},[44,19772,19773],{"class":147},"         # None\n",[44,19775,19776,19778,19780,19782,19784,19786,19788,19790,19792,19794,19796,19798,19801,19803,19805],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,19777,136],{"class":135},[44,19779,121],{"class":58},[44,19781,13533],{"class":117},[44,19783,114],{"class":58},[44,19785,19393],{"class":117},[44,19787,121],{"class":58},[44,19789,63],{"class":62},[44,19791,19766],{"class":66},[44,19793,63],{"class":62},[44,19795,72],{"class":58},[44,19797,75],{"class":62},[44,19799,19800],{"class":66},"en",[44,19802,63],{"class":62},[44,19804,459],{"class":58},[44,19806,19807],{"class":147},"   # en\n",[30,19809,4609,19811],{"id":19810},"when-to-use-get",[15,19812,10390],{},[20,19814,651,19815,654],{},[15,19816,10390],{},[169,19818,19819,19822,19827,19830],{},[172,19820,19821],{},"A key might not exist",[172,19823,19824,19825],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19826,19330],{},[172,19828,19829],{},"You are reading optional data",[172,19831,19832],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19834,19835],{},"Example with optional user data:",[35,19837,19839],{"className":37,"code":19838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19840,19841,19883,19887,19912,19938],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19842,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19879,19881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19844,11137],{"class":50},[44,19846,55],{"class":54},[44,19848,10141],{"class":58},[44,19850,63],{"class":62},[44,19852,7634],{"class":66},[44,19854,63],{"class":62},[44,19856,1155],{"class":58},[44,19858,75],{"class":62},[44,19860,19861],{"class":66},"sam",[44,19863,63],{"class":62},[44,19865,72],{"class":58},[44,19867,75],{"class":62},[44,19869,14906],{"class":66},[44,19871,63],{"class":62},[44,19873,1155],{"class":58},[44,19875,75],{"class":62},[44,19877,19878],{"class":66},"sam@example.com",[44,19880,63],{"class":62},[44,19882,8959],{"class":58},[44,19884,19885],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,19886,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,19888,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19909],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,19890,136],{"class":135},[44,19892,121],{"class":58},[44,19894,11231],{"class":117},[44,19896,114],{"class":58},[44,19898,19393],{"class":117},[44,19900,121],{"class":58},[44,19902,63],{"class":62},[44,19904,7634],{"class":66},[44,19906,63],{"class":62},[44,19908,459],{"class":58},[44,19910,19911],{"class":147},"              # sam\n",[44,19913,19914,19916,19918,19920,19922,19924,19926,19928,19931,19933,19935],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,19915,136],{"class":135},[44,19917,121],{"class":58},[44,19919,11231],{"class":117},[44,19921,114],{"class":58},[44,19923,19393],{"class":117},[44,19925,121],{"class":58},[44,19927,63],{"class":62},[44,19929,19930],{"class":66},"phone",[44,19932,63],{"class":62},[44,19934,459],{"class":58},[44,19936,19937],{"class":147},"                 # None\n",[44,19939,19940,19942,19944,19946,19948,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960,19962,19965,19967,19969],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,19941,136],{"class":135},[44,19943,121],{"class":58},[44,19945,11231],{"class":117},[44,19947,114],{"class":58},[44,19949,19393],{"class":117},[44,19951,121],{"class":58},[44,19953,63],{"class":62},[44,19955,19930],{"class":66},[44,19957,63],{"class":62},[44,19959,72],{"class":58},[44,19961,75],{"class":62},[44,19963,19964],{"class":66},"Not provided",[44,19966,63],{"class":62},[44,19968,459],{"class":58},[44,19970,19971],{"class":147}," # Not provided\n",[20,19973,19974],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19976,19977,19978,114],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[270,19979,16245],{"href":16244},[30,19981,19983,19985],{"id":19982},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19984,10390],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19987,19988],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[35,19990,19992],{"className":37,"code":19991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19993,19994,20008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,19995,19996,19998,20000,20002,20004,20006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,19997,8855],{"class":50},[44,19999,1271],{"class":58},[44,20001,63],{"class":62},[44,20003,14490],{"class":66},[44,20005,63],{"class":62},[44,20007,3286],{"class":58},[44,20009,20010,20012,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20011,8855],{"class":50},[44,20013,114],{"class":58},[44,20015,19393],{"class":117},[44,20017,121],{"class":58},[44,20019,63],{"class":62},[44,20021,14490],{"class":66},[44,20023,63],{"class":62},[44,20025,100],{"class":58},[20,20027,20028],{},"The difference is important.",[338,20030,20032],{"id":20031},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20034,20035,20036,114],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20037,19330],{},[35,20039,20041],{"className":37,"code":20040,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20042,20043,20067,20071,20092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20044,20045,20047,20049,20051,20053,20055,20057,20059,20061,20063,20065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20046,8816],{"class":50},[44,20048,55],{"class":54},[44,20050,10141],{"class":58},[44,20052,63],{"class":62},[44,20054,7318],{"class":66},[44,20056,63],{"class":62},[44,20058,1155],{"class":58},[44,20060,75],{"class":62},[44,20062,12531],{"class":66},[44,20064,63],{"class":62},[44,20066,8959],{"class":58},[44,20068,20069],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20070,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20072,20073,20075,20077,20079,20081,20083,20085,20087,20089],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20074,136],{"class":135},[44,20076,121],{"class":58},[44,20078,8855],{"class":117},[44,20080,1271],{"class":58},[44,20082,63],{"class":62},[44,20084,7318],{"class":66},[44,20086,63],{"class":62},[44,20088,1276],{"class":58},[44,20090,20091],{"class":147},"   # Ana\n",[44,20093,20094,20096,20098,20100,20102,20104,20106,20108,20110],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20095,136],{"class":135},[44,20097,121],{"class":58},[44,20099,8855],{"class":117},[44,20101,1271],{"class":58},[44,20103,63],{"class":62},[44,20105,10059],{"class":66},[44,20107,63],{"class":62},[44,20109,1276],{"class":58},[44,20111,20112],{"class":147},"   # KeyError\n",[338,20114,20115],{"id":19393},[15,20116,10390],{},[20,20118,20119,20121],{},[15,20120,10390],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[35,20123,20125],{"className":37,"code":20124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20126,20127,20151,20155,20179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20128,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20130,8816],{"class":50},[44,20132,55],{"class":54},[44,20134,10141],{"class":58},[44,20136,63],{"class":62},[44,20138,7318],{"class":66},[44,20140,63],{"class":62},[44,20142,1155],{"class":58},[44,20144,75],{"class":62},[44,20146,12531],{"class":66},[44,20148,63],{"class":62},[44,20150,8959],{"class":58},[44,20152,20153],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20154,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20156,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171,20173,20175,20177],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20158,136],{"class":135},[44,20160,121],{"class":58},[44,20162,8855],{"class":117},[44,20164,114],{"class":58},[44,20166,19393],{"class":117},[44,20168,121],{"class":58},[44,20170,63],{"class":62},[44,20172,7318],{"class":66},[44,20174,63],{"class":62},[44,20176,459],{"class":58},[44,20178,20091],{"class":147},[44,20180,20181,20183,20185,20187,20189,20191,20193,20195,20197,20199,20201],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20182,136],{"class":135},[44,20184,121],{"class":58},[44,20186,8855],{"class":117},[44,20188,114],{"class":58},[44,20190,19393],{"class":117},[44,20192,121],{"class":58},[44,20194,63],{"class":62},[44,20196,10059],{"class":66},[44,20198,63],{"class":62},[44,20200,459],{"class":58},[44,20202,20203],{"class":147},"   # None\n",[20,20205,18338],{},[169,20207,20208,20214],{},[172,20209,20210,20211],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[367,20212,20213],{},"must exist",[172,20215,20216,20218,20219],{},[15,20217,10390],{}," when the key is ",[367,20220,20221],{},"optional",[20,20223,20224,20225,114],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[270,20226,10912],{"href":10724},[30,20228,20230],{"id":20229},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20232,20233,20234,20236],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20235,10390],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[35,20238,20240],{"className":37,"code":20239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20241,20242,20267,20271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20243,20244,20247,20249,20251,20253,20255,20257,20259,20261,20263,20265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20245,20246],{"class":50},"profile ",[44,20248,55],{"class":54},[44,20250,10141],{"class":58},[44,20252,63],{"class":62},[44,20254,7318],{"class":66},[44,20256,63],{"class":62},[44,20258,1155],{"class":58},[44,20260,75],{"class":62},[44,20262,7570],{"class":66},[44,20264,63],{"class":62},[44,20266,8959],{"class":58},[44,20268,20269],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20270,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20272,20273,20275,20277,20280,20282,20284,20286,20288,20290,20292,20294,20296,20299,20301,20303],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20274,136],{"class":135},[44,20276,121],{"class":58},[44,20278,20279],{"class":117},"profile",[44,20281,114],{"class":58},[44,20283,19393],{"class":117},[44,20285,121],{"class":58},[44,20287,63],{"class":62},[44,20289,14909],{"class":66},[44,20291,63],{"class":62},[44,20293,72],{"class":58},[44,20295,75],{"class":62},[44,20297,20298],{"class":66},"Unknown",[44,20300,63],{"class":62},[44,20302,459],{"class":58},[44,20304,20305],{"class":147},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20307,20308],{},"This is useful for display text:",[169,20310,20311,20316,20321],{},[172,20312,20313],{},[15,20314,20315],{},"\"Unknown\"",[172,20317,20318],{},[15,20319,20320],{},"\"Not set\"",[172,20322,20323],{},[15,20324,20325],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20327,20328],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[35,20330,20332],{"className":37,"code":20331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20333,20334,20366,20370,20397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20335,20336,20338,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360,20362,20364],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20337,4712],{"class":50},[44,20339,55],{"class":54},[44,20341,10141],{"class":58},[44,20343,63],{"class":62},[44,20345,18060],{"class":66},[44,20347,63],{"class":62},[44,20349,1155],{"class":58},[44,20351,934],{"class":206},[44,20353,72],{"class":58},[44,20355,75],{"class":62},[44,20357,18069],{"class":66},[44,20359,63],{"class":62},[44,20361,1155],{"class":58},[44,20363,6008],{"class":206},[44,20365,8959],{"class":58},[44,20367,20368],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20369,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20371,20372,20375,20377,20379,20381,20383,20385,20387,20389,20391,20393,20395],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20373,20374],{"class":50},"total_history ",[44,20376,55],{"class":54},[44,20378,4759],{"class":50},[44,20380,114],{"class":58},[44,20382,19393],{"class":117},[44,20384,121],{"class":58},[44,20386,63],{"class":62},[44,20388,18078],{"class":66},[44,20390,63],{"class":62},[44,20392,72],{"class":58},[44,20394,3483],{"class":206},[44,20396,100],{"class":58},[44,20398,20399,20401,20403,20406,20408],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20400,136],{"class":135},[44,20402,121],{"class":58},[44,20404,20405],{"class":117},"total_history",[44,20407,144],{"class":58},[44,20409,20410],{"class":147},"   # 0\n",[20,20412,20413,20414,20416],{},"Here, ",[15,20415,186],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20418,20419],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[169,20421,20422,20425,20430,20435],{},[172,20423,20424],{},"Use a string for text",[172,20426,651,20427,20429],{},[15,20428,186],{}," for numbers",[172,20431,651,20432,20434],{},[15,20433,3437],{}," for lists if needed",[172,20436,651,20437,20439],{},[15,20438,3442],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[30,20441,20443],{"id":20442},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20445,20446,20447,114],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20448,10390],{},[338,20450,20452,20454],{"id":20451},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20453,10390],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20456,20457,20458,20460],{},"This code does ",[367,20459,881],{}," create a new key:",[35,20462,20464],{"className":37,"code":20463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20465,20466,20490,20494,20519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20467,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486,20488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20469,12852],{"class":50},[44,20471,55],{"class":54},[44,20473,10141],{"class":58},[44,20475,63],{"class":62},[44,20477,7318],{"class":66},[44,20479,63],{"class":62},[44,20481,1155],{"class":58},[44,20483,75],{"class":62},[44,20485,12531],{"class":66},[44,20487,63],{"class":62},[44,20489,8959],{"class":58},[44,20491,20492],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20493,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20495,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20497,136],{"class":135},[44,20499,121],{"class":58},[44,20501,16953],{"class":117},[44,20503,114],{"class":58},[44,20505,19393],{"class":117},[44,20507,121],{"class":58},[44,20509,63],{"class":62},[44,20511,10059],{"class":66},[44,20513,63],{"class":62},[44,20515,459],{"class":58},[44,20517,20518],{"class":147},"  # None\n",[44,20520,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20522,136],{"class":135},[44,20524,121],{"class":58},[44,20526,16953],{"class":117},[44,20528,144],{"class":58},[44,20530,20531],{"class":147},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20533,20534],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[338,20536,20538,20540],{"id":20537},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20539,10390],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20542,20543],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[35,20545,20547],{"className":37,"code":20546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20548,20549,20575,20579,20605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20550,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20562,20564,20566,20568,20571,20573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20552,13474],{"class":50},[44,20554,55],{"class":54},[44,20556,10141],{"class":58},[44,20558,63],{"class":62},[44,20560,20561],{"class":66},"mode",[44,20563,63],{"class":62},[44,20565,1155],{"class":58},[44,20567,75],{"class":62},[44,20569,20570],{"class":66},"light",[44,20572,63],{"class":62},[44,20574,8959],{"class":58},[44,20576,20577],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20578,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20580,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601,20603],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20582,13533],{"class":50},[44,20584,114],{"class":58},[44,20586,19393],{"class":117},[44,20588,121],{"class":58},[44,20590,63],{"class":62},[44,20592,12145],{"class":66},[44,20594,63],{"class":62},[44,20596,72],{"class":58},[44,20598,75],{"class":62},[44,20600,12154],{"class":66},[44,20602,63],{"class":62},[44,20604,100],{"class":58},[44,20606,20607,20609,20611,20613,20615],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20608,136],{"class":135},[44,20610,121],{"class":58},[44,20612,13533],{"class":117},[44,20614,144],{"class":58},[44,20616,20617],{"class":147},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20619,259,20620,20623],{},[15,20621,20622],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[338,20625,20627,20628],{"id":20626},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20629,3428],{},[20,20631,20632,20633,2044,20635,20637],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20634,10390],{},[15,20636,3428],{}," because:",[169,20639,20640,20643],{},[172,20641,20642],{},"The key is missing, or",[172,20644,20645,20646],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20647,3428],{},[20,20649,189],{},[35,20651,20653],{"className":37,"code":20652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20654,20655,20692,20696,20720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20656,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20684,20686,20688,20690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20658,8816],{"class":50},[44,20660,55],{"class":54},[44,20662,10141],{"class":58},[44,20664,63],{"class":62},[44,20666,7318],{"class":66},[44,20668,63],{"class":62},[44,20670,1155],{"class":58},[44,20672,75],{"class":62},[44,20674,12531],{"class":66},[44,20676,63],{"class":62},[44,20678,72],{"class":58},[44,20680,75],{"class":62},[44,20682,20683],{"class":66},"nickname",[44,20685,63],{"class":62},[44,20687,1155],{"class":58},[44,20689,3503],{"class":3502},[44,20691,8959],{"class":58},[44,20693,20694],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20695,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20697,20698,20700,20702,20704,20706,20708,20710,20712,20714,20716,20718],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20699,136],{"class":135},[44,20701,121],{"class":58},[44,20703,8855],{"class":117},[44,20705,114],{"class":58},[44,20707,19393],{"class":117},[44,20709,121],{"class":58},[44,20711,63],{"class":62},[44,20713,20683],{"class":66},[44,20715,63],{"class":62},[44,20717,459],{"class":58},[44,20719,20518],{"class":147},[44,20721,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20723,136],{"class":135},[44,20725,121],{"class":58},[44,20727,8855],{"class":117},[44,20729,114],{"class":58},[44,20731,19393],{"class":117},[44,20733,121],{"class":58},[44,20735,63],{"class":62},[44,20737,10059],{"class":66},[44,20739,63],{"class":62},[44,20741,459],{"class":58},[44,20743,20744],{"class":147},"      # None\n",[20,20746,20747,20748,20750],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20749,3428],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20752,20753,20754,1155],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20755,1383],{},[35,20757,20759],{"className":37,"code":20758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20760,20761,20797,20801,20821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20762,20763,20765,20767,20769,20771,20773,20775,20777,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20764,8816],{"class":50},[44,20766,55],{"class":54},[44,20768,10141],{"class":58},[44,20770,63],{"class":62},[44,20772,7318],{"class":66},[44,20774,63],{"class":62},[44,20776,1155],{"class":58},[44,20778,75],{"class":62},[44,20780,12531],{"class":66},[44,20782,63],{"class":62},[44,20784,72],{"class":58},[44,20786,75],{"class":62},[44,20788,20683],{"class":66},[44,20790,63],{"class":62},[44,20792,1155],{"class":58},[44,20794,3503],{"class":3502},[44,20796,8959],{"class":58},[44,20798,20799],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20800,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,20802,20803,20805,20807,20809,20811,20813,20815,20817,20819],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20804,136],{"class":135},[44,20806,121],{"class":58},[44,20808,63],{"class":62},[44,20810,20683],{"class":66},[44,20812,63],{"class":62},[44,20814,815],{"class":805},[44,20816,14215],{"class":117},[44,20818,144],{"class":58},[44,20820,3314],{"class":147},[44,20822,20823,20825,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20824,136],{"class":135},[44,20826,121],{"class":58},[44,20828,63],{"class":62},[44,20830,10059],{"class":66},[44,20832,63],{"class":62},[44,20834,815],{"class":805},[44,20836,14215],{"class":117},[44,20838,144],{"class":58},[44,20840,20841],{"class":147},"      # False\n",[20,20843,20844,20845,114],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[270,20846,20847],{"href":16799},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[30,20849,1299],{"id":1298},[20,20851,20852,20853,1155],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20854,10390],{},[169,20856,20857,20862,20869,20874],{},[172,20858,20859,20860],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20861,19330],{},[172,20863,4353,20864,2044,20866,20868],{},[15,20865,10390],{},[15,20867,3428],{}," if no default is provided",[172,20870,4229,20871,20873],{},[15,20872,10390],{}," creates a key automatically",[172,20875,20876],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20878,20879],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[35,20881,20883],{"className":37,"code":20882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20884,20885,20895,20909,20927,20949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,20886,20887,20889,20891,20893],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,20888,136],{"class":135},[44,20890,121],{"class":58},[44,20892,11098],{"class":117},[44,20894,100],{"class":58},[44,20896,20897,20899,20901,20903,20905,20907],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,20898,136],{"class":135},[44,20900,121],{"class":58},[44,20902,11098],{"class":117},[44,20904,114],{"class":58},[44,20906,16571],{"class":117},[44,20908,6843],{"class":58},[44,20910,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,20912,136],{"class":135},[44,20914,121],{"class":58},[44,20916,2948],{"class":62},[44,20918,7318],{"class":66},[44,20920,2948],{"class":62},[44,20922,815],{"class":805},[44,20924,11416],{"class":117},[44,20926,100],{"class":58},[44,20928,20929,20931,20933,20935,20937,20939,20941,20943,20945,20947],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,20930,136],{"class":135},[44,20932,121],{"class":58},[44,20934,11098],{"class":117},[44,20936,114],{"class":58},[44,20938,19393],{"class":117},[44,20940,121],{"class":58},[44,20942,2948],{"class":62},[44,20944,7318],{"class":66},[44,20946,2948],{"class":62},[44,20948,244],{"class":58},[44,20950,20951,20953,20955,20957,20959,20961,20963,20965,20967,20969,20971,20973],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,20952,136],{"class":135},[44,20954,121],{"class":58},[44,20956,2868],{"class":2546},[44,20958,121],{"class":58},[44,20960,11098],{"class":117},[44,20962,114],{"class":58},[44,20964,19393],{"class":117},[44,20966,121],{"class":58},[44,20968,2948],{"class":62},[44,20970,7318],{"class":66},[44,20972,2948],{"class":62},[44,20974,2557],{"class":58},[20,20976,20977],{},"What these checks tell you:",[169,20979,20980,20985,20991,20997,21003],{},[172,20981,20982,20984],{},[15,20983,12330],{}," shows the full dictionary",[172,20986,20987,20990],{},[15,20988,20989],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[172,20992,20993,20996],{},[15,20994,20995],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[172,20998,20999,21002],{},[15,21000,21001],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[172,21004,21005,21008],{},[15,21006,21007],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21010,21011,21012,898,21017,21021],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[270,21013,21014,21015,1180],{"href":16709},"the dictionary ",[15,21016,16712],{},[270,21018,21014,21019,1180],{"href":16721},[15,21020,16724],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[30,21023,1497],{"id":1496},[338,21025,12355,21027,21029,21030,1547],{"id":21026},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21028,10390],{}," raise ",[15,21031,19330],{},[20,21033,21034,21035,21037],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21036,3428],{}," or the default value you provide.",[338,21039,12355,21041,21043],{"id":21040},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21042,10390],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21045,21046],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[338,21048,21050,21051,1547],{"id":21049},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21052,10390],{},[20,21054,21055,21057],{},[15,21056,3428],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[338,21059,21061,21062,21064],{"id":21060},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21063,10390],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21066,651,21067,21069],{},[15,21068,10390],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[30,21071,1554],{"id":1553},[169,21073,21074,21078,21084,21090,21094,21099],{},[172,21075,21076],{},[270,21077,8806],{"href":8805},[172,21079,21080],{},[270,21081,10387,21082,1180],{"href":16709},[15,21083,16712],{},[172,21085,21086],{},[270,21087,10387,21088,1180],{"href":16721},[15,21089,16724],{},[172,21091,21092],{},[270,21093,16800],{"href":16799},[172,21095,21096],{},[270,21097,21098],{"href":16244},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[172,21100,21101],{},[270,21102,10912],{"href":10724},[1583,21104,21105],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":21107},[21108,21110,21111,21113,21118,21119,21127,21128,21138],{"id":19475,"depth":103,"text":21109},"What get() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":19810,"depth":103,"text":21112},"When to use get()",{"id":19982,"depth":103,"text":21114,"children":21115},"get() vs square brackets",[21116,21117],{"id":20031,"depth":132,"text":20032},{"id":19393,"depth":132,"text":10390},{"id":20229,"depth":103,"text":20230},{"id":20442,"depth":103,"text":20443,"children":21120},[21121,21123,21125],{"id":20451,"depth":132,"text":21122},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20537,"depth":132,"text":21124},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20626,"depth":132,"text":21126},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":21129},[21130,21132,21134,21136],{"id":21026,"depth":132,"text":21131},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21040,"depth":132,"text":21133},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21049,"depth":132,"text":21135},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21060,"depth":132,"text":21137},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19311,"description":21139},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21146,"title":21147,"body":21148,"description":23703,"extension":1616,"meta":23704,"navigation":434,"path":23705,"seo":23706,"stem":23707,"__hash__":23708},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21149,"toc":23669},[21150,21155,21161,21167,21169,21250,21254,21271,21276,21281,21286,21288,21302,21304,21367,21371,21411,21419,21421,21423,21438,21441,21454,21456,21535,21539,21605,21607,21611,21619,21621,21632,21634,21744,21748,21827,21833,21839,21844,21957,21961,21993,21996,22103,22109,22116,22120,22123,22225,22229,22290,22293,22296,22307,22316,22319,22336,22338,22437,22441,22516,22519,22542,22547,22552,22569,22571,22692,22696,22730,22732,22737,22744,22754,22756,22834,22837,22908,22918,22921,22953,22956,22995,23001,23008,23011,23102,23106,23187,23193,23196,23199,23304,23307,23310,23432,23436,23439,23506,23510,23547,23553,23555,23561,23566,23572,23579,23585,23588,23627,23633,23636,23638,23666],[10,21151,10968,21153,18],{"id":21152},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21154,16724],{},[20,21156,164,21157,21160],{},[15,21158,21159],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21162,21163,21164,21166],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21165,16724],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[30,21168,33],{"id":32},[35,21170,21172],{"className":37,"code":21171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21173,21174,21210,21214,21236],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21175,21176,21178,21180,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190,21192,21194,21196,21198,21200,21202,21204,21206,21208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21177,12852],{"class":50},[44,21179,55],{"class":54},[44,21181,10141],{"class":58},[44,21183,63],{"class":62},[44,21185,7318],{"class":66},[44,21187,63],{"class":62},[44,21189,1155],{"class":58},[44,21191,75],{"class":62},[44,21193,12531],{"class":66},[44,21195,63],{"class":62},[44,21197,72],{"class":58},[44,21199,75],{"class":62},[44,21201,8949],{"class":66},[44,21203,63],{"class":62},[44,21205,1155],{"class":58},[44,21207,8956],{"class":206},[44,21209,8959],{"class":58},[44,21211,21212],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21213,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21215,21216,21218,21221,21223,21225,21227,21229,21231,21233],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21217,5606],{"class":805},[44,21219,21220],{"class":50}," key",[44,21222,72],{"class":58},[44,21224,1449],{"class":50},[44,21226,1383],{"class":805},[44,21228,12895],{"class":50},[44,21230,114],{"class":58},[44,21232,7458],{"class":117},[44,21234,21235],{"class":58},"():\n",[44,21237,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,21239,825],{"class":135},[44,21241,121],{"class":58},[44,21243,14490],{"class":117},[44,21245,72],{"class":58},[44,21247,8082],{"class":117},[44,21249,100],{"class":58},[20,21251,21252],{},[367,21253,247],{},[35,21255,21257],{"className":37,"code":21256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21258,21259,21264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21260,21261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21262,21263],{"class":50},"name Ana\n",[44,21265,21266,21269],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21267,21268],{"class":50},"age ",[44,21270,2353],{"class":206},[20,21272,651,21273,21275],{},[15,21274,16724],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[30,21277,158,21279,161],{"id":21278},"what-items-does",[15,21280,16724],{},[20,21282,21283,21285],{},[15,21284,16724],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21287,11107],{},[169,21289,21290,21296,21299],{},[172,21291,21292,21293],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21294,21295],{},"(key, value)",[172,21297,21298],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[172,21300,21301],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21303,189],{},[35,21305,21307],{"className":37,"code":21306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21308,21309,21345,21349],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21310,21311,21313,21315,21317,21319,21321,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337,21339,21341,21343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21312,12852],{"class":50},[44,21314,55],{"class":54},[44,21316,10141],{"class":58},[44,21318,63],{"class":62},[44,21320,7318],{"class":66},[44,21322,63],{"class":62},[44,21324,1155],{"class":58},[44,21326,75],{"class":62},[44,21328,12531],{"class":66},[44,21330,63],{"class":62},[44,21332,72],{"class":58},[44,21334,75],{"class":62},[44,21336,8949],{"class":66},[44,21338,63],{"class":62},[44,21340,1155],{"class":58},[44,21342,8956],{"class":206},[44,21344,8959],{"class":58},[44,21346,21347],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21348,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21350,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21352,136],{"class":135},[44,21354,121],{"class":58},[44,21356,7742],{"class":2546},[44,21358,121],{"class":58},[44,21360,16953],{"class":117},[44,21362,114],{"class":58},[44,21364,7458],{"class":117},[44,21366,5938],{"class":58},[20,21368,21369],{},[367,21370,247],{},[35,21372,21374],{"className":37,"code":21373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21375,21376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21377,21378,21381,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401,21403,21405,21407,21409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21379,21380],{"class":58},"[(",[44,21382,2948],{"class":62},[44,21384,7318],{"class":66},[44,21386,2948],{"class":62},[44,21388,72],{"class":58},[44,21390,2943],{"class":62},[44,21392,12531],{"class":66},[44,21394,2948],{"class":62},[44,21396,8884],{"class":58},[44,21398,59],{"class":58},[44,21400,2948],{"class":62},[44,21402,8949],{"class":66},[44,21404,2948],{"class":62},[44,21406,72],{"class":58},[44,21408,8956],{"class":206},[44,21410,8899],{"class":58},[20,21412,21413,21414,2522,21416,114],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[270,21415,8806],{"href":12674},[270,21417,14673],{"href":21418},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[30,21420,277],{"id":276},[20,21422,5082],{},[35,21424,21426],{"className":37,"code":21425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21427,21428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21429,21430,21432,21434,21436],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21431,11098],{"class":50},[44,21433,114],{"class":58},[44,21435,7458],{"class":117},[44,21437,8292],{"class":58},[20,21439,21440],{},"Things to remember:",[169,21442,21443,21448,21451],{},[172,21444,21445,21447],{},[15,21446,16724],{}," does not take any arguments",[172,21449,21450],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[172,21452,21453],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21455,189],{},[35,21457,21459],{"className":37,"code":21458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21460,21461,21493,21497,21511,21515,21525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21462,21463,21465,21467,21469,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481,21483,21485,21487,21489,21491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21464,4712],{"class":50},[44,21466,55],{"class":54},[44,21468,10141],{"class":58},[44,21470,63],{"class":62},[44,21472,4652],{"class":66},[44,21474,63],{"class":62},[44,21476,1155],{"class":58},[44,21478,19541],{"class":206},[44,21480,72],{"class":58},[44,21482,75],{"class":62},[44,21484,4661],{"class":66},[44,21486,63],{"class":62},[44,21488,1155],{"class":58},[44,21490,13155],{"class":206},[44,21492,8959],{"class":58},[44,21494,21495],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21496,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21498,21499,21501,21503,21505,21507,21509],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21500,604],{"class":50},[44,21502,55],{"class":54},[44,21504,4759],{"class":50},[44,21506,114],{"class":58},[44,21508,7458],{"class":117},[44,21510,8292],{"class":58},[44,21512,21513],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,21514,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21516,21517,21519,21521,21523],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,21518,136],{"class":135},[44,21520,121],{"class":58},[44,21522,632],{"class":117},[44,21524,100],{"class":58},[44,21526,21527,21529,21531,21533],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,21528,136],{"class":135},[44,21530,121],{"class":58},[44,21532,16036],{"class":117},[44,21534,100],{"class":58},[20,21536,21537],{},[367,21538,247],{},[35,21540,21542],{"className":37,"code":21541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21543,21544,21577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21545,21546,21549,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21547,21548],{"class":117},"dict_items",[44,21550,9308],{"class":58},[44,21552,2948],{"class":62},[44,21554,4652],{"class":66},[44,21556,2948],{"class":62},[44,21558,72],{"class":58},[44,21560,19541],{"class":206},[44,21562,8884],{"class":58},[44,21564,59],{"class":58},[44,21566,2948],{"class":62},[44,21568,4661],{"class":66},[44,21570,2948],{"class":62},[44,21572,72],{"class":58},[44,21574,13155],{"class":206},[44,21576,10329],{"class":58},[44,21578,21579,21581,21583,21585,21587,21589,21591,21593,21595,21597,21599,21601,21603],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21580,8928],{"class":58},[44,21582,2948],{"class":62},[44,21584,4652],{"class":66},[44,21586,2948],{"class":62},[44,21588,1155],{"class":58},[44,21590,19541],{"class":206},[44,21592,72],{"class":58},[44,21594,2943],{"class":62},[44,21596,4661],{"class":66},[44,21598,2948],{"class":62},[44,21600,1155],{"class":58},[44,21602,13155],{"class":206},[44,21604,8959],{"class":58},[20,21606,20534],{},[30,21608,21610],{"id":21609},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21612,21613,21615,21616,21618],{},[15,21614,16724],{}," returns a ",[15,21617,21548],{}," view object.",[20,21620,1758],{},[169,21622,21623,21626,21629],{},[172,21624,21625],{},"You can loop over it",[172,21627,21628],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[172,21630,21631],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21633,189],{},[35,21635,21637],{"className":37,"code":21636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21638,21639,21671,21685,21689,21703,21707,21726,21730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21640,21641,21643,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655,21657,21659,21661,21663,21665,21667,21669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21642,8816],{"class":50},[44,21644,55],{"class":54},[44,21646,10141],{"class":58},[44,21648,63],{"class":62},[44,21650,1823],{"class":66},[44,21652,63],{"class":62},[44,21654,1155],{"class":58},[44,21656,519],{"class":206},[44,21658,72],{"class":58},[44,21660,75],{"class":62},[44,21662,11395],{"class":66},[44,21664,63],{"class":62},[44,21666,1155],{"class":58},[44,21668,488],{"class":206},[44,21670,8959],{"class":58},[44,21672,21673,21675,21677,21679,21681,21683],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21674,8866],{"class":50},[44,21676,55],{"class":54},[44,21678,14215],{"class":50},[44,21680,114],{"class":58},[44,21682,7458],{"class":117},[44,21684,8292],{"class":58},[44,21686,21687],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21688,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21690,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,21692,136],{"class":135},[44,21694,121],{"class":58},[44,21696,7742],{"class":2546},[44,21698,121],{"class":58},[44,21700,8912],{"class":117},[44,21702,244],{"class":58},[44,21704,21705],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,21706,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21708,21709,21711,21713,21715,21718,21720,21722,21724],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,21710,8855],{"class":50},[44,21712,1271],{"class":58},[44,21714,63],{"class":62},[44,21716,21717],{"class":66},"z",[44,21719,63],{"class":62},[44,21721,12921],{"class":58},[44,21723,12924],{"class":54},[44,21725,2221],{"class":206},[44,21727,21728],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,21729,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21731,21732,21734,21736,21738,21740,21742],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,21733,136],{"class":135},[44,21735,121],{"class":58},[44,21737,7742],{"class":2546},[44,21739,121],{"class":58},[44,21741,8912],{"class":117},[44,21743,244],{"class":58},[20,21745,21746],{},[367,21747,247],{},[35,21749,21751],{"className":37,"code":21750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21752,21753,21783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21754,21755,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21756,21380],{"class":58},[44,21758,2948],{"class":62},[44,21760,1823],{"class":66},[44,21762,2948],{"class":62},[44,21764,72],{"class":58},[44,21766,519],{"class":206},[44,21768,8884],{"class":58},[44,21770,59],{"class":58},[44,21772,2948],{"class":62},[44,21774,11395],{"class":66},[44,21776,2948],{"class":62},[44,21778,72],{"class":58},[44,21780,488],{"class":206},[44,21782,8899],{"class":58},[44,21784,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797,21799,21801,21803,21805,21807,21809,21811,21813,21815,21817,21819,21821,21823,21825],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21786,21380],{"class":58},[44,21788,2948],{"class":62},[44,21790,1823],{"class":66},[44,21792,2948],{"class":62},[44,21794,72],{"class":58},[44,21796,519],{"class":206},[44,21798,8884],{"class":58},[44,21800,59],{"class":58},[44,21802,2948],{"class":62},[44,21804,11395],{"class":66},[44,21806,2948],{"class":62},[44,21808,72],{"class":58},[44,21810,488],{"class":206},[44,21812,8884],{"class":58},[44,21814,59],{"class":58},[44,21816,2948],{"class":62},[44,21818,21717],{"class":66},[44,21820,2948],{"class":62},[44,21822,72],{"class":58},[44,21824,524],{"class":206},[44,21826,8899],{"class":58},[20,21828,21829,21830,21832],{},"This happens because ",[15,21831,8912],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[30,21834,21836,21837],{"id":21835},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21838,16724],{},[20,21840,21841,21842,1155],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21843,16724],{},[35,21845,21847],{"className":37,"code":21846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21848,21849,21902,21906,21926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21850,21851,21853,21855,21857,21859,21861,21863,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881,21883,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896,21898,21900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21852,12514],{"class":50},[44,21854,55],{"class":54},[44,21856,10141],{"class":58},[44,21858,63],{"class":62},[44,21860,7318],{"class":66},[44,21862,63],{"class":62},[44,21864,1155],{"class":58},[44,21866,75],{"class":62},[44,21868,7570],{"class":66},[44,21870,63],{"class":62},[44,21872,72],{"class":58},[44,21874,75],{"class":62},[44,21876,19534],{"class":66},[44,21878,63],{"class":62},[44,21880,1155],{"class":58},[44,21882,75],{"class":62},[44,21884,21885],{"class":66},"A",[44,21887,63],{"class":62},[44,21889,72],{"class":58},[44,21891,75],{"class":62},[44,21893,8949],{"class":66},[44,21895,63],{"class":62},[44,21897,1155],{"class":58},[44,21899,13506],{"class":206},[44,21901,8959],{"class":58},[44,21903,21904],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21905,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,21907,21908,21910,21912,21914,21916,21918,21920,21922,21924],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21909,5606],{"class":805},[44,21911,21220],{"class":50},[44,21913,72],{"class":58},[44,21915,1449],{"class":50},[44,21917,1383],{"class":805},[44,21919,12557],{"class":50},[44,21921,114],{"class":58},[44,21923,7458],{"class":117},[44,21925,21235],{"class":58},[44,21927,21928,21930,21932,21935,21937,21939,21941,21944,21947,21949,21951,21953,21955],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,21929,825],{"class":135},[44,21931,121],{"class":58},[44,21933,21934],{"class":1716},"f",[44,21936,63],{"class":66},[44,21938,8928],{"class":206},[44,21940,14490],{"class":117},[44,21942,21943],{"class":206},"}",[44,21945,21946],{"class":66},": ",[44,21948,8928],{"class":206},[44,21950,302],{"class":117},[44,21952,21943],{"class":206},[44,21954,63],{"class":66},[44,21956,100],{"class":58},[20,21958,21959],{},[367,21960,247],{},[35,21962,21964],{"className":37,"code":21963,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21965,21966,21975,21984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,21967,21968,21970,21972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,21969,7318],{"class":50},[44,21971,1155],{"class":58},[44,21973,21974],{"class":50}," Mia\n",[44,21976,21977,21979,21981],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,21978,19534],{"class":50},[44,21980,1155],{"class":58},[44,21982,21983],{"class":50}," A\n",[44,21985,21986,21988,21990],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,21987,8949],{"class":50},[44,21989,1155],{"class":58},[44,21991,21992],{"class":206}," 14\n",[20,21994,21995],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[35,21997,21999],{"className":37,"code":21998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22000,22001,22053,22057,22069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22002,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023,22025,22027,22029,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039,22041,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22004,12514],{"class":50},[44,22006,55],{"class":54},[44,22008,10141],{"class":58},[44,22010,63],{"class":62},[44,22012,7318],{"class":66},[44,22014,63],{"class":62},[44,22016,1155],{"class":58},[44,22018,75],{"class":62},[44,22020,7570],{"class":66},[44,22022,63],{"class":62},[44,22024,72],{"class":58},[44,22026,75],{"class":62},[44,22028,19534],{"class":66},[44,22030,63],{"class":62},[44,22032,1155],{"class":58},[44,22034,75],{"class":62},[44,22036,21885],{"class":66},[44,22038,63],{"class":62},[44,22040,72],{"class":58},[44,22042,75],{"class":62},[44,22044,8949],{"class":66},[44,22046,63],{"class":62},[44,22048,1155],{"class":58},[44,22050,13506],{"class":206},[44,22052,8959],{"class":58},[44,22054,22055],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22056,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,22058,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22060,5606],{"class":805},[44,22062,17852],{"class":50},[44,22064,1383],{"class":805},[44,22066,12557],{"class":50},[44,22068,820],{"class":58},[44,22070,22071,22073,22075,22077,22079,22081,22083,22085,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,22072,825],{"class":135},[44,22074,121],{"class":58},[44,22076,21934],{"class":1716},[44,22078,63],{"class":66},[44,22080,8928],{"class":206},[44,22082,14490],{"class":117},[44,22084,21943],{"class":206},[44,22086,21946],{"class":66},[44,22088,8928],{"class":206},[44,22090,13274],{"class":117},[44,22092,1271],{"class":58},[44,22094,14490],{"class":117},[44,22096,12921],{"class":58},[44,22098,21943],{"class":206},[44,22100,63],{"class":66},[44,22102,100],{"class":58},[20,22104,6159,22105,22108],{},[15,22106,22107],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22110,22111,22112,114],{},"For a full guide, see ",[270,22113,22115],{"href":22114},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[30,22117,22119],{"id":22118},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22121,22122],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[35,22124,22126],{"className":37,"code":22125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22127,22128,22186,22190,22210,22214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22129,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22144,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156,22158,22160,22162,22164,22166,22168,22170,22173,22175,22177,22179,22182,22184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22131,51],{"class":50},[44,22133,55],{"class":54},[44,22135,10141],{"class":58},[44,22137,63],{"class":62},[44,22139,1209],{"class":66},[44,22141,63],{"class":62},[44,22143,1155],{"class":58},[44,22145,75],{"class":62},[44,22147,67],{"class":66},[44,22149,63],{"class":62},[44,22151,72],{"class":58},[44,22153,75],{"class":62},[44,22155,1218],{"class":66},[44,22157,63],{"class":62},[44,22159,1155],{"class":58},[44,22161,75],{"class":62},[44,22163,745],{"class":66},[44,22165,63],{"class":62},[44,22167,72],{"class":58},[44,22169,75],{"class":62},[44,22171,22172],{"class":66},"grape",[44,22174,63],{"class":62},[44,22176,1155],{"class":58},[44,22178,75],{"class":62},[44,22180,22181],{"class":66},"purple",[44,22183,63],{"class":62},[44,22185,8959],{"class":58},[44,22187,22188],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22189,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,22191,22192,22195,22197,22200,22202,22204,22206,22208],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22193,22194],{"class":50},"pairs_list ",[44,22196,55],{"class":54},[44,22198,22199],{"class":2546}," list",[44,22201,121],{"class":58},[44,22203,734],{"class":117},[44,22205,114],{"class":58},[44,22207,7458],{"class":117},[44,22209,6843],{"class":58},[44,22211,22212],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,22213,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,22215,22216,22218,22220,22223],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,22217,136],{"class":135},[44,22219,121],{"class":58},[44,22221,22222],{"class":117},"pairs_list",[44,22224,100],{"class":58},[20,22226,22227],{},[367,22228,247],{},[35,22230,22232],{"className":37,"code":22231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22233,22234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22235,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280,22282,22284,22286,22288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22237,21380],{"class":58},[44,22239,2948],{"class":62},[44,22241,1209],{"class":66},[44,22243,2948],{"class":62},[44,22245,72],{"class":58},[44,22247,2943],{"class":62},[44,22249,67],{"class":66},[44,22251,2948],{"class":62},[44,22253,8884],{"class":58},[44,22255,59],{"class":58},[44,22257,2948],{"class":62},[44,22259,1218],{"class":66},[44,22261,2948],{"class":62},[44,22263,72],{"class":58},[44,22265,2943],{"class":62},[44,22267,745],{"class":66},[44,22269,2948],{"class":62},[44,22271,8884],{"class":58},[44,22273,59],{"class":58},[44,22275,2948],{"class":62},[44,22277,22172],{"class":66},[44,22279,2948],{"class":62},[44,22281,72],{"class":58},[44,22283,2943],{"class":62},[44,22285,22181],{"class":66},[44,22287,2948],{"class":62},[44,22289,8899],{"class":58},[20,22291,22292],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22294,22295],{},"Use this when:",[169,22297,22298,22301,22304],{},[172,22299,22300],{},"You want clearer printed output",[172,22302,22303],{},"You need list behavior",[172,22305,22306],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[30,22308,22310,10236,22312,10236,22314],{"id":22309},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22311,16724],{},[15,22313,16712],{},[15,22315,16718],{},[20,22317,22318],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[169,22320,22321,22326,22331],{},[172,22322,22323,22325],{},[15,22324,16724],{}," gives both key and value",[172,22327,22328,22330],{},[15,22329,16712],{}," gives only keys",[172,22332,22333,22335],{},[15,22334,16718],{}," gives only values",[20,22337,189],{},[35,22339,22341],{"className":37,"code":22340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22342,22343,22379,22383,22401,22419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22344,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22346,12852],{"class":50},[44,22348,55],{"class":54},[44,22350,10141],{"class":58},[44,22352,63],{"class":62},[44,22354,7318],{"class":66},[44,22356,63],{"class":62},[44,22358,1155],{"class":58},[44,22360,75],{"class":62},[44,22362,12531],{"class":66},[44,22364,63],{"class":62},[44,22366,72],{"class":58},[44,22368,75],{"class":62},[44,22370,8949],{"class":66},[44,22372,63],{"class":62},[44,22374,1155],{"class":58},[44,22376,8956],{"class":206},[44,22378,8959],{"class":58},[44,22380,22381],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22382,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,22384,22385,22387,22389,22391,22393,22395,22397,22399],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22386,136],{"class":135},[44,22388,121],{"class":58},[44,22390,7742],{"class":2546},[44,22392,121],{"class":58},[44,22394,16953],{"class":117},[44,22396,114],{"class":58},[44,22398,16571],{"class":117},[44,22400,5938],{"class":58},[44,22402,22403,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,22404,136],{"class":135},[44,22406,121],{"class":58},[44,22408,7742],{"class":2546},[44,22410,121],{"class":58},[44,22412,16953],{"class":117},[44,22414,114],{"class":58},[44,22416,962],{"class":117},[44,22418,5938],{"class":58},[44,22420,22421,22423,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,22422,136],{"class":135},[44,22424,121],{"class":58},[44,22426,7742],{"class":2546},[44,22428,121],{"class":58},[44,22430,16953],{"class":117},[44,22432,114],{"class":58},[44,22434,7458],{"class":117},[44,22436,5938],{"class":58},[20,22438,22439],{},[367,22440,247],{},[35,22442,22444],{"className":37,"code":22443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22445,22446,22466,22482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22447,22448,22450,22452,22454,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22449,1271],{"class":58},[44,22451,2948],{"class":62},[44,22453,7318],{"class":66},[44,22455,2948],{"class":62},[44,22457,72],{"class":58},[44,22459,2943],{"class":62},[44,22461,8949],{"class":66},[44,22463,2948],{"class":62},[44,22465,3286],{"class":58},[44,22467,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22469,1271],{"class":58},[44,22471,2948],{"class":62},[44,22473,12531],{"class":66},[44,22475,2948],{"class":62},[44,22477,72],{"class":58},[44,22479,8956],{"class":206},[44,22481,3286],{"class":58},[44,22483,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506,22508,22510,22512,22514],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22485,21380],{"class":58},[44,22487,2948],{"class":62},[44,22489,7318],{"class":66},[44,22491,2948],{"class":62},[44,22493,72],{"class":58},[44,22495,2943],{"class":62},[44,22497,12531],{"class":66},[44,22499,2948],{"class":62},[44,22501,8884],{"class":58},[44,22503,59],{"class":58},[44,22505,2948],{"class":62},[44,22507,8949],{"class":66},[44,22509,2948],{"class":62},[44,22511,72],{"class":58},[44,22513,8956],{"class":206},[44,22515,8899],{"class":58},[20,22517,22518],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[169,22520,22521,22529,22537],{},[172,22522,22523,22524],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[270,22525,22527],{"href":22526},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22528,16712],{},[172,22530,22531,22532],{},"Need just values? Use ",[270,22533,22535],{"href":22534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22536,16718],{},[172,22538,22539,22540],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22541,16724],{},[30,22543,4609,22545],{"id":22544},"when-to-use-items",[15,22546,16724],{},[20,22548,22549,22551],{},[15,22550,16724],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[169,22553,22554,22557,22560,22563,22566],{},[172,22555,22556],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[172,22558,22559],{},"Building formatted output",[172,22561,22562],{},"Looping through settings and values",[172,22564,22565],{},"Showing names with scores",[172,22567,22568],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22570,189],{},[35,22572,22574],{"className":37,"code":22573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22575,22576,22584,22602,22621,22633,22637,22641,22662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22577,22578,22580,22582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22579,13474],{"class":50},[44,22581,55],{"class":54},[44,22583,11142],{"class":58},[44,22585,22586,22588,22590,22592,22594,22596,22598,22600],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22587,11147],{"class":62},[44,22589,12145],{"class":66},[44,22591,63],{"class":62},[44,22593,1155],{"class":58},[44,22595,75],{"class":62},[44,22597,12154],{"class":66},[44,22599,63],{"class":62},[44,22601,11163],{"class":58},[44,22603,22604,22606,22608,22610,22612,22614,22617,22619],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22605,11147],{"class":62},[44,22607,19766],{"class":66},[44,22609,63],{"class":62},[44,22611,1155],{"class":58},[44,22613,75],{"class":62},[44,22615,22616],{"class":66},"English",[44,22618,63],{"class":62},[44,22620,11163],{"class":58},[44,22622,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,22624,11147],{"class":62},[44,22626,18168],{"class":66},[44,22628,63],{"class":62},[44,22630,1155],{"class":58},[44,22632,6071],{"class":3502},[44,22634,22635],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,22636,8959],{"class":58},[44,22638,22639],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,22640,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,22642,22643,22645,22648,22650,22652,22654,22656,22658,22660],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,22644,5606],{"class":805},[44,22646,22647],{"class":50}," setting",[44,22649,72],{"class":58},[44,22651,1449],{"class":50},[44,22653,1383],{"class":805},[44,22655,13518],{"class":50},[44,22657,114],{"class":58},[44,22659,7458],{"class":117},[44,22661,21235],{"class":58},[44,22663,22664,22666,22668,22670,22672,22674,22677,22679,22682,22684,22686,22688,22690],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,22665,825],{"class":135},[44,22667,121],{"class":58},[44,22669,21934],{"class":1716},[44,22671,63],{"class":66},[44,22673,8928],{"class":206},[44,22675,22676],{"class":117},"setting",[44,22678,21943],{"class":206},[44,22680,22681],{"class":66}," = ",[44,22683,8928],{"class":206},[44,22685,302],{"class":117},[44,22687,21943],{"class":206},[44,22689,63],{"class":66},[44,22691,100],{"class":58},[20,22693,22694],{},[367,22695,247],{},[35,22697,22699],{"className":37,"code":22698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22700,22701,22711,22721],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22702,22703,22706,22708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22704,22705],{"class":50},"theme ",[44,22707,55],{"class":54},[44,22709,22710],{"class":50}," dark\n",[44,22712,22713,22716,22718],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22714,22715],{"class":50},"language ",[44,22717,55],{"class":54},[44,22719,22720],{"class":50}," English\n",[44,22722,22723,22726,22728],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22724,22725],{"class":50},"notifications ",[44,22727,55],{"class":54},[44,22729,6071],{"class":3502},[30,22731,1299],{"id":1298},[20,22733,22734,22735,114],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22736,16724],{},[338,22738,22740,22741,22743],{"id":22739},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22742,16724],{}," incorrectly",[20,22745,22746,22747,22749,22750,22753],{},"Each result from ",[15,22748,16724],{}," has ",[367,22751,22752],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22755,6337],{},[35,22757,22758],{"className":37,"code":21171,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,22759,22760,22796,22800,22820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22761,22762,22764,22766,22768,22770,22772,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790,22792,22794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22763,12852],{"class":50},[44,22765,55],{"class":54},[44,22767,10141],{"class":58},[44,22769,63],{"class":62},[44,22771,7318],{"class":66},[44,22773,63],{"class":62},[44,22775,1155],{"class":58},[44,22777,75],{"class":62},[44,22779,12531],{"class":66},[44,22781,63],{"class":62},[44,22783,72],{"class":58},[44,22785,75],{"class":62},[44,22787,8949],{"class":66},[44,22789,63],{"class":62},[44,22791,1155],{"class":58},[44,22793,8956],{"class":206},[44,22795,8959],{"class":58},[44,22797,22798],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22799,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,22801,22802,22804,22806,22808,22810,22812,22814,22816,22818],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22803,5606],{"class":805},[44,22805,21220],{"class":50},[44,22807,72],{"class":58},[44,22809,1449],{"class":50},[44,22811,1383],{"class":805},[44,22813,12895],{"class":50},[44,22815,114],{"class":58},[44,22817,7458],{"class":117},[44,22819,21235],{"class":58},[44,22821,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,22823,825],{"class":135},[44,22825,121],{"class":58},[44,22827,14490],{"class":117},[44,22829,72],{"class":58},[44,22831,8082],{"class":117},[44,22833,100],{"class":58},[20,22835,22836],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[35,22838,22840],{"className":37,"code":22839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22841,22842,22878,22882,22898],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22843,22844,22846,22848,22850,22852,22854,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868,22870,22872,22874,22876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22845,12852],{"class":50},[44,22847,55],{"class":54},[44,22849,10141],{"class":58},[44,22851,63],{"class":62},[44,22853,7318],{"class":66},[44,22855,63],{"class":62},[44,22857,1155],{"class":58},[44,22859,75],{"class":62},[44,22861,12531],{"class":66},[44,22863,63],{"class":62},[44,22865,72],{"class":58},[44,22867,75],{"class":62},[44,22869,8949],{"class":66},[44,22871,63],{"class":62},[44,22873,1155],{"class":58},[44,22875,8956],{"class":206},[44,22877,8959],{"class":58},[44,22879,22880],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22881,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,22883,22884,22886,22888,22890,22892,22894,22896],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,22885,5606],{"class":805},[44,22887,17852],{"class":50},[44,22889,1383],{"class":805},[44,22891,12895],{"class":50},[44,22893,114],{"class":58},[44,22895,7458],{"class":117},[44,22897,21235],{"class":58},[44,22899,22900,22902,22904,22906],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,22901,825],{"class":135},[44,22903,121],{"class":58},[44,22905,14490],{"class":117},[44,22907,100],{"class":58},[20,22909,22910,22911,22913,22914,22917],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22912,14490],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22915,22916],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22919,22920],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[35,22922,22924],{"className":37,"code":22923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22925,22926,22942],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22927,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936,22938,22940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22929,5606],{"class":805},[44,22931,5609],{"class":50},[44,22933,1383],{"class":805},[44,22935,12895],{"class":50},[44,22937,114],{"class":58},[44,22939,7458],{"class":117},[44,22941,21235],{"class":58},[44,22943,22944,22946,22948,22951],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22945,825],{"class":135},[44,22947,121],{"class":58},[44,22949,22950],{"class":117},"item",[44,22952,100],{"class":58},[20,22954,22955],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[35,22957,22959],{"className":37,"code":22958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22960,22961,22981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,22962,22963,22965,22967,22969,22971,22973,22975,22977,22979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,22964,5606],{"class":805},[44,22966,21220],{"class":50},[44,22968,72],{"class":58},[44,22970,1449],{"class":50},[44,22972,1383],{"class":805},[44,22974,12895],{"class":50},[44,22976,114],{"class":58},[44,22978,7458],{"class":117},[44,22980,21235],{"class":58},[44,22982,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,22984,825],{"class":135},[44,22986,121],{"class":58},[44,22988,14490],{"class":117},[44,22990,72],{"class":58},[44,22992,8082],{"class":117},[44,22994,100],{"class":58},[338,22996,1312,22998,23000],{"id":22997},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22999,16724],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23002,23003,21615,23005,23007],{},[15,23004,16724],{},[15,23006,21548],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23009,23010],{},"Check it:",[35,23012,23014],{"className":37,"code":23013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23015,23016,23048,23052,23066,23084],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23017,23018,23020,23022,23024,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036,23038,23040,23042,23044,23046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23019,11374],{"class":50},[44,23021,55],{"class":54},[44,23023,10141],{"class":58},[44,23025,63],{"class":62},[44,23027,270],{"class":66},[44,23029,63],{"class":62},[44,23031,1155],{"class":58},[44,23033,519],{"class":206},[44,23035,72],{"class":58},[44,23037,75],{"class":62},[44,23039,399],{"class":66},[44,23041,63],{"class":62},[44,23043,1155],{"class":58},[44,23045,488],{"class":206},[44,23047,8959],{"class":58},[44,23049,23050],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23051,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23053,23054,23056,23058,23060,23062,23064],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23055,136],{"class":135},[44,23057,121],{"class":58},[44,23059,11098],{"class":117},[44,23061,114],{"class":58},[44,23063,7458],{"class":117},[44,23065,6843],{"class":58},[44,23067,23068,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,23069,136],{"class":135},[44,23071,121],{"class":58},[44,23073,2868],{"class":2546},[44,23075,121],{"class":58},[44,23077,11098],{"class":117},[44,23079,114],{"class":58},[44,23081,7458],{"class":117},[44,23083,5938],{"class":58},[44,23085,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098,23100],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,23087,136],{"class":135},[44,23089,121],{"class":58},[44,23091,7742],{"class":2546},[44,23093,121],{"class":58},[44,23095,11098],{"class":117},[44,23097,114],{"class":58},[44,23099,7458],{"class":117},[44,23101,5938],{"class":58},[20,23103,23104],{},[367,23105,247],{},[35,23107,23109],{"className":37,"code":23108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23110,23111,23143,23157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23112,23113,23115,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127,23129,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23114,21548],{"class":117},[44,23116,9308],{"class":58},[44,23118,2948],{"class":62},[44,23120,270],{"class":66},[44,23122,2948],{"class":62},[44,23124,72],{"class":58},[44,23126,519],{"class":206},[44,23128,8884],{"class":58},[44,23130,59],{"class":58},[44,23132,2948],{"class":62},[44,23134,399],{"class":66},[44,23136,2948],{"class":62},[44,23138,72],{"class":58},[44,23140,488],{"class":206},[44,23142,10329],{"class":58},[44,23144,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23146,2937],{"class":54},[44,23148,2940],{"class":1716},[44,23150,2943],{"class":62},[44,23152,21548],{"class":66},[44,23154,2948],{"class":62},[44,23156,2951],{"class":54},[44,23158,23159,23161,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23160,21380],{"class":58},[44,23162,2948],{"class":62},[44,23164,270],{"class":66},[44,23166,2948],{"class":62},[44,23168,72],{"class":58},[44,23170,519],{"class":206},[44,23172,8884],{"class":58},[44,23174,59],{"class":58},[44,23176,2948],{"class":62},[44,23178,399],{"class":66},[44,23180,2948],{"class":62},[44,23182,72],{"class":58},[44,23184,488],{"class":206},[44,23186,8899],{"class":58},[338,23188,23190,23191],{"id":23189},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23192,16724],{},[20,23194,23195],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23197,23198],{},"Problem example:",[35,23200,23202],{"className":37,"code":23201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23203,23204,23248,23252,23272,23284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23205,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23207,199],{"class":50},[44,23209,55],{"class":54},[44,23211,10141],{"class":58},[44,23213,63],{"class":62},[44,23215,270],{"class":66},[44,23217,63],{"class":62},[44,23219,1155],{"class":58},[44,23221,519],{"class":206},[44,23223,72],{"class":58},[44,23225,75],{"class":62},[44,23227,399],{"class":66},[44,23229,63],{"class":62},[44,23231,1155],{"class":58},[44,23233,488],{"class":206},[44,23235,72],{"class":58},[44,23237,75],{"class":62},[44,23239,408],{"class":66},[44,23241,63],{"class":62},[44,23243,1155],{"class":58},[44,23245,524],{"class":206},[44,23247,8959],{"class":58},[44,23249,23250],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23251,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23253,23254,23256,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23255,5606],{"class":805},[44,23257,21220],{"class":50},[44,23259,72],{"class":58},[44,23261,1449],{"class":50},[44,23263,1383],{"class":805},[44,23265,3912],{"class":50},[44,23267,114],{"class":58},[44,23269,7458],{"class":117},[44,23271,21235],{"class":58},[44,23273,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,23275,6046],{"class":805},[44,23277,1449],{"class":50},[44,23279,4337],{"class":54},[44,23281,488],{"class":206},[44,23283,820],{"class":58},[44,23285,23286,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,23287,23288],{"class":50},"        numbers",[44,23290,1271],{"class":58},[44,23292,63],{"class":62},[44,23294,425],{"class":66},[44,23296,63],{"class":62},[44,23298,12921],{"class":58},[44,23300,12924],{"class":54},[44,23302,23303],{"class":206}," 4\n",[20,23305,23306],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23308,23309],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[35,23311,23313],{"className":37,"code":23312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23314,23315,23359,23363,23388,23400,23418,23422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23316,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329,23331,23333,23335,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23318,199],{"class":50},[44,23320,55],{"class":54},[44,23322,10141],{"class":58},[44,23324,63],{"class":62},[44,23326,270],{"class":66},[44,23328,63],{"class":62},[44,23330,1155],{"class":58},[44,23332,519],{"class":206},[44,23334,72],{"class":58},[44,23336,75],{"class":62},[44,23338,399],{"class":66},[44,23340,63],{"class":62},[44,23342,1155],{"class":58},[44,23344,488],{"class":206},[44,23346,72],{"class":58},[44,23348,75],{"class":62},[44,23350,408],{"class":66},[44,23352,63],{"class":62},[44,23354,1155],{"class":58},[44,23356,524],{"class":206},[44,23358,8959],{"class":58},[44,23360,23361],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23362,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23364,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373,23375,23377,23379,23381,23383,23385],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23366,5606],{"class":805},[44,23368,21220],{"class":50},[44,23370,72],{"class":58},[44,23372,1449],{"class":50},[44,23374,1383],{"class":805},[44,23376,22199],{"class":2546},[44,23378,121],{"class":58},[44,23380,232],{"class":117},[44,23382,114],{"class":58},[44,23384,7458],{"class":117},[44,23386,23387],{"class":58},"()):\n",[44,23389,23390,23392,23394,23396,23398],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,23391,6046],{"class":805},[44,23393,1449],{"class":50},[44,23395,4337],{"class":54},[44,23397,488],{"class":206},[44,23399,820],{"class":58},[44,23401,23402,23404,23406,23408,23410,23412,23414,23416],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,23403,23288],{"class":50},[44,23405,1271],{"class":58},[44,23407,63],{"class":62},[44,23409,425],{"class":66},[44,23411,63],{"class":62},[44,23413,12921],{"class":58},[44,23415,12924],{"class":54},[44,23417,23303],{"class":206},[44,23419,23420],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,23421,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23423,23424,23426,23428,23430],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,23425,136],{"class":135},[44,23427,121],{"class":58},[44,23429,232],{"class":117},[44,23431,100],{"class":58},[338,23433,23435],{"id":23434},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23437,23438],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[35,23440,23442],{"className":37,"code":23441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23443,23444,23476,23480,23496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23445,23446,23448,23450,23452,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466,23468,23470,23472,23474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23447,8816],{"class":50},[44,23449,55],{"class":54},[44,23451,10141],{"class":58},[44,23453,63],{"class":62},[44,23455,1823],{"class":66},[44,23457,63],{"class":62},[44,23459,1155],{"class":58},[44,23461,934],{"class":206},[44,23463,72],{"class":58},[44,23465,75],{"class":62},[44,23467,11395],{"class":66},[44,23469,63],{"class":62},[44,23471,1155],{"class":58},[44,23473,212],{"class":206},[44,23475,8959],{"class":58},[44,23477,23478],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23479,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23481,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23483,5606],{"class":805},[44,23485,5609],{"class":50},[44,23487,1383],{"class":805},[44,23489,14215],{"class":50},[44,23491,114],{"class":58},[44,23493,7458],{"class":117},[44,23495,21235],{"class":58},[44,23497,23498,23500,23502,23504],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,23499,825],{"class":135},[44,23501,121],{"class":58},[44,23503,22950],{"class":117},[44,23505,100],{"class":58},[20,23507,23508],{},[367,23509,247],{},[35,23511,23513],{"className":37,"code":23512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23514,23515,23531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23516,23517,23519,23521,23523,23525,23527,23529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23518,121],{"class":58},[44,23520,2948],{"class":62},[44,23522,1823],{"class":66},[44,23524,2948],{"class":62},[44,23526,72],{"class":58},[44,23528,934],{"class":206},[44,23530,100],{"class":58},[44,23532,23533,23535,23537,23539,23541,23543,23545],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23534,121],{"class":58},[44,23536,2948],{"class":62},[44,23538,11395],{"class":66},[44,23540,2948],{"class":62},[44,23542,72],{"class":58},[44,23544,212],{"class":206},[44,23546,100],{"class":58},[20,23548,23549,23550,23552],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23551,21295],{}," pair.",[30,23554,1497],{"id":1496},[338,23556,23558,23559,4793],{"id":23557},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23560,16724],{},[20,23562,17066,23563,23565],{},[15,23564,21548],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[338,23567,12355,23569,23571],{"id":23568},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23570,16724],{}," return a list?",[20,23573,23574,23575,23578],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23576,23577],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[338,23580,23582,23583,1547],{"id":23581},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23584,16724],{},[20,23586,23587],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[35,23589,23591],{"className":37,"code":23590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23592,23593,23613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23594,23595,23597,23599,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23596,5606],{"class":805},[44,23598,21220],{"class":50},[44,23600,72],{"class":58},[44,23602,1449],{"class":50},[44,23604,1383],{"class":805},[44,23606,11416],{"class":50},[44,23608,114],{"class":58},[44,23610,7458],{"class":117},[44,23612,21235],{"class":58},[44,23614,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23616,825],{"class":135},[44,23618,121],{"class":58},[44,23620,14490],{"class":117},[44,23622,72],{"class":58},[44,23624,8082],{"class":117},[44,23626,100],{"class":58},[338,23628,12355,23630,23632],{"id":23629},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23631,16724],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23634,23635],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[30,23637,1554],{"id":1553},[169,23639,23640,23646,23652,23657,23661],{},[172,23641,23642],{},[270,23643,10387,23644,1180],{"href":22526},[15,23645,16712],{},[172,23647,23648],{},[270,23649,10387,23650,1180],{"href":22534},[15,23651,16718],{},[172,23653,23654],{},[270,23655,23656],{"href":22114},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[172,23658,23659],{},[270,23660,8806],{"href":12674},[172,23662,23663],{},[270,23664,23665],{"href":21418},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1583,23667,23668],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":23670},[23671,23672,23674,23675,23676,23678,23679,23681,23683,23692,23702],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":21278,"depth":103,"text":23673},"What items() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":21609,"depth":103,"text":21610},{"id":21835,"depth":103,"text":23677},"Looping with items()",{"id":22118,"depth":103,"text":22119},{"id":22309,"depth":103,"text":23680},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22544,"depth":103,"text":23682},"When to use items()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":23684},[23685,23687,23689,23691],{"id":22739,"depth":132,"text":23686},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22997,"depth":132,"text":23688},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23189,"depth":132,"text":23690},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23434,"depth":132,"text":23435},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":23693},[23694,23696,23698,23700],{"id":23557,"depth":132,"text":23695},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23568,"depth":132,"text":23697},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23581,"depth":132,"text":23699},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23629,"depth":132,"text":23701},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21147,"description":23703},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23710,"title":23711,"body":23712,"description":25802,"extension":1616,"meta":25803,"navigation":434,"path":22526,"seo":25804,"stem":25805,"__hash__":25806},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23713,"toc":25768},[23714,23719,23725,23728,23739,23746,23748,23831,23835,23882,23887,23892,23897,23899,23915,23917,24016,24020,24077,24080,24082,24085,24178,24182,24245,24248,24264,24269,24271,24273,24288,24290,24301,24303,24346,24349,24393,24396,24398,24405,24408,24425,24427,24520,24524,24565,24577,24581,24584,24672,24676,24696,24699,24726,24733,24738,24742,24753,24755,24859,24863,24889,24892,24959,24964,24967,24990,24995,24999,25004,25010,25015,25017,25072,25076,25103,25110,25116,25119,25144,25149,25175,25178,25253,25260,25265,25267,25306,25324,25328,25331,25374,25377,25379,25398,25400,25405,25430,25433,25503,25506,25579,25583,25585,25646,25649,25665,25667,25672,25677,25684,25693,25699,25705,25712,25718,25722,25727,25729,25765],[10,23715,10968,23717,18],{"id":23716},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23718,16712],{},[20,23720,23721,23722,23724],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23723,16712],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23726,23727],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[169,23729,23730,23733,23736],{},[172,23731,23732],{},"view the available keys",[172,23734,23735],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[172,23737,23738],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23740,23741,23743,23744,114],{},[15,23742,16712],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23745,16662],{},[30,23747,33],{"id":32},[35,23749,23751],{"className":37,"code":23750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23752,23753,23789,23803,23807,23817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23754,23755,23757,23759,23761,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23756,12514],{"class":50},[44,23758,55],{"class":54},[44,23760,10141],{"class":58},[44,23762,63],{"class":62},[44,23764,7318],{"class":66},[44,23766,63],{"class":62},[44,23768,1155],{"class":58},[44,23770,75],{"class":62},[44,23772,12531],{"class":66},[44,23774,63],{"class":62},[44,23776,72],{"class":58},[44,23778,75],{"class":62},[44,23780,8949],{"class":66},[44,23782,63],{"class":62},[44,23784,1155],{"class":58},[44,23786,212],{"class":206},[44,23788,8959],{"class":58},[44,23790,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23792,16888],{"class":50},[44,23794,55],{"class":54},[44,23796,12557],{"class":50},[44,23798,114],{"class":58},[44,23800,16571],{"class":117},[44,23802,8292],{"class":58},[44,23804,23805],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23806,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23808,23809,23811,23813,23815],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,23810,136],{"class":135},[44,23812,121],{"class":58},[44,23814,16571],{"class":117},[44,23816,100],{"class":58},[44,23818,23819,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,23820,136],{"class":135},[44,23822,121],{"class":58},[44,23824,7742],{"class":2546},[44,23826,121],{"class":58},[44,23828,16571],{"class":117},[44,23830,244],{"class":58},[20,23832,23833],{},[367,23834,247],{},[35,23836,23838],{"className":37,"code":23837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23839,23840,23862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23841,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854,23856,23858,23860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23843,16662],{"class":117},[44,23845,2631],{"class":58},[44,23847,2948],{"class":62},[44,23849,7318],{"class":66},[44,23851,2948],{"class":62},[44,23853,72],{"class":58},[44,23855,2943],{"class":62},[44,23857,8949],{"class":66},[44,23859,2948],{"class":62},[44,23861,3538],{"class":58},[44,23863,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872,23874,23876,23878,23880],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23865,1271],{"class":58},[44,23867,2948],{"class":62},[44,23869,7318],{"class":66},[44,23871,2948],{"class":62},[44,23873,72],{"class":58},[44,23875,2943],{"class":62},[44,23877,8949],{"class":66},[44,23879,2948],{"class":62},[44,23881,3286],{"class":58},[20,23883,651,23884,23886],{},[15,23885,16712],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[30,23888,158,23890,161],{"id":23889},"what-keys-does",[15,23891,16712],{},[20,23893,23894,23896],{},[15,23895,16712],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23898,11107],{},[169,23900,23901,23904,23907,23912],{},[172,23902,23903],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[172,23905,23906],{},"It does not need any arguments",[172,23908,17066,23909,23911],{},[15,23910,16662],{}," view object, not a list",[172,23913,23914],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23916,189],{},[35,23918,23920],{"className":37,"code":23919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23921,23922,23958,23962,23976,23980,24002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,23923,23924,23926,23928,23930,23932,23934,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950,23952,23954,23956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,23925,12852],{"class":50},[44,23927,55],{"class":54},[44,23929,10141],{"class":58},[44,23931,63],{"class":62},[44,23933,7318],{"class":66},[44,23935,63],{"class":62},[44,23937,1155],{"class":58},[44,23939,75],{"class":62},[44,23941,12869],{"class":66},[44,23943,63],{"class":62},[44,23945,72],{"class":58},[44,23947,75],{"class":62},[44,23949,8949],{"class":66},[44,23951,63],{"class":62},[44,23953,1155],{"class":58},[44,23955,8956],{"class":206},[44,23957,8959],{"class":58},[44,23959,23960],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,23961,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23963,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972,23974],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,23965,136],{"class":135},[44,23967,121],{"class":58},[44,23969,16953],{"class":117},[44,23971,114],{"class":58},[44,23973,16571],{"class":117},[44,23975,6843],{"class":58},[44,23977,23978],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,23979,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,23981,23982,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,23983,16953],{"class":50},[44,23985,1271],{"class":58},[44,23987,63],{"class":62},[44,23989,10059],{"class":66},[44,23991,63],{"class":62},[44,23993,12921],{"class":58},[44,23995,12924],{"class":54},[44,23997,75],{"class":62},[44,23999,10066],{"class":66},[44,24001,3007],{"class":62},[44,24003,24004,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,24005,136],{"class":135},[44,24007,121],{"class":58},[44,24009,16953],{"class":117},[44,24011,114],{"class":58},[44,24013,16571],{"class":117},[44,24015,6843],{"class":58},[20,24017,24018],{},[367,24019,247],{},[35,24021,24023],{"className":37,"code":24022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24024,24025,24047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24026,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24028,16662],{"class":117},[44,24030,2631],{"class":58},[44,24032,2948],{"class":62},[44,24034,7318],{"class":66},[44,24036,2948],{"class":62},[44,24038,72],{"class":58},[44,24040,2943],{"class":62},[44,24042,8949],{"class":66},[44,24044,2948],{"class":62},[44,24046,3538],{"class":58},[44,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24050,16662],{"class":117},[44,24052,2631],{"class":58},[44,24054,2948],{"class":62},[44,24056,7318],{"class":66},[44,24058,2948],{"class":62},[44,24060,72],{"class":58},[44,24062,2943],{"class":62},[44,24064,8949],{"class":66},[44,24066,2948],{"class":62},[44,24068,72],{"class":58},[44,24070,2943],{"class":62},[44,24072,10059],{"class":66},[44,24074,2948],{"class":62},[44,24076,3538],{"class":58},[20,24078,24079],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[30,24081,5435],{"id":5434},[20,24083,24084],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[35,24086,24088],{"className":37,"code":24087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24089,24090,24142,24146,24160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24091,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112,24114,24116,24118,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130,24132,24134,24136,24138,24140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24093,8816],{"class":50},[44,24095,55],{"class":54},[44,24097,10141],{"class":58},[44,24099,63],{"class":62},[44,24101,7318],{"class":66},[44,24103,63],{"class":62},[44,24105,1155],{"class":58},[44,24107,75],{"class":62},[44,24109,12531],{"class":66},[44,24111,63],{"class":62},[44,24113,72],{"class":58},[44,24115,75],{"class":62},[44,24117,8949],{"class":66},[44,24119,63],{"class":62},[44,24121,1155],{"class":58},[44,24123,212],{"class":206},[44,24125,72],{"class":58},[44,24127,75],{"class":62},[44,24129,19534],{"class":66},[44,24131,63],{"class":62},[44,24133,1155],{"class":58},[44,24135,75],{"class":62},[44,24137,21885],{"class":66},[44,24139,63],{"class":62},[44,24141,8959],{"class":58},[44,24143,24144],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24145,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,24147,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24149,136],{"class":135},[44,24151,121],{"class":58},[44,24153,8855],{"class":117},[44,24155,114],{"class":58},[44,24157,16571],{"class":117},[44,24159,6843],{"class":58},[44,24161,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172,24174,24176],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,24163,136],{"class":135},[44,24165,121],{"class":58},[44,24167,7742],{"class":2546},[44,24169,121],{"class":58},[44,24171,8855],{"class":117},[44,24173,114],{"class":58},[44,24175,16571],{"class":117},[44,24177,5938],{"class":58},[20,24179,24180],{},[367,24181,247],{},[35,24183,24185],{"className":37,"code":24184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24186,24187,24217],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24188,24189,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24190,16662],{"class":117},[44,24192,2631],{"class":58},[44,24194,2948],{"class":62},[44,24196,7318],{"class":66},[44,24198,2948],{"class":62},[44,24200,72],{"class":58},[44,24202,2943],{"class":62},[44,24204,8949],{"class":66},[44,24206,2948],{"class":62},[44,24208,72],{"class":58},[44,24210,2943],{"class":62},[44,24212,19534],{"class":66},[44,24214,2948],{"class":62},[44,24216,3538],{"class":58},[44,24218,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24220,1271],{"class":58},[44,24222,2948],{"class":62},[44,24224,7318],{"class":66},[44,24226,2948],{"class":62},[44,24228,72],{"class":58},[44,24230,2943],{"class":62},[44,24232,8949],{"class":66},[44,24234,2948],{"class":62},[44,24236,72],{"class":58},[44,24238,2943],{"class":62},[44,24240,19534],{"class":66},[44,24242,2948],{"class":62},[44,24244,3286],{"class":58},[20,24246,24247],{},"This shows two things:",[169,24249,24250,24258],{},[172,24251,24252,21615,24255,24257],{},[15,24253,24254],{},"data.keys()",[15,24256,16662],{}," object",[172,24259,24260,24263],{},[15,24261,24262],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24265,8802,24266,114],{},[270,24267,24268],{"href":9041},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[30,24270,5079],{"id":5078},[20,24272,1809],{},[35,24274,24276],{"className":37,"code":24275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24277,24278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24279,24280,24282,24284,24286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24281,11098],{"class":50},[44,24283,114],{"class":58},[44,24285,16571],{"class":117},[44,24287,8292],{"class":58},[20,24289,21440],{},[169,24291,24292,24295,24298],{},[172,24293,24294],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[172,24296,24297],{},"It takes no parameters",[172,24299,24300],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24302,16303],{},[35,24304,24306],{"className":37,"code":24305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24307,24308,24332],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24309,24310,24312,24314,24316,24318,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24311,12514],{"class":50},[44,24313,55],{"class":54},[44,24315,10141],{"class":58},[44,24317,63],{"class":62},[44,24319,7318],{"class":66},[44,24321,63],{"class":62},[44,24323,1155],{"class":58},[44,24325,75],{"class":62},[44,24327,12531],{"class":66},[44,24329,63],{"class":62},[44,24331,8959],{"class":58},[44,24333,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24335,136],{"class":135},[44,24337,121],{"class":58},[44,24339,13274],{"class":117},[44,24341,114],{"class":58},[44,24343,16571],{"class":117},[44,24345,6843],{"class":58},[20,24347,24348],{},"Incorrect:",[35,24350,24352],{"className":37,"code":24351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24353,24354,24378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24355,24356,24358,24360,24362,24364,24366,24368,24370,24372,24374,24376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24357,12514],{"class":50},[44,24359,55],{"class":54},[44,24361,10141],{"class":58},[44,24363,63],{"class":62},[44,24365,7318],{"class":66},[44,24367,63],{"class":62},[44,24369,1155],{"class":58},[44,24371,75],{"class":62},[44,24373,12531],{"class":66},[44,24375,63],{"class":62},[44,24377,8959],{"class":58},[44,24379,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24391],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24381,136],{"class":135},[44,24383,121],{"class":58},[44,24385,13274],{"class":117},[44,24387,114],{"class":58},[44,24389,16571],{"class":24390},"skxfh",[44,24392,100],{"class":58},[20,24394,24395],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[30,24397,17063],{"id":17062},[20,24399,24400,21615,24402,24404],{},[15,24401,16712],{},[15,24403,16662],{}," object.",[20,24406,24407],{},"This object:",[169,24409,24410,24413,24416,24422],{},[172,24411,24412],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[172,24414,24415],{},"can be used in a loop",[172,24417,24418,24419],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24420,24421],{},"list()",[172,24423,24424],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24426,189],{},[35,24428,24430],{"className":37,"code":24429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24431,24432,24473,24477,24492,24496,24506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24433,24434,24437,24439,24441,24443,24446,24448,24450,24452,24455,24457,24459,24461,24464,24466,24468,24471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24435,24436],{"class":50},"car ",[44,24438,55],{"class":54},[44,24440,10141],{"class":58},[44,24442,63],{"class":62},[44,24444,24445],{"class":66},"brand",[44,24447,63],{"class":62},[44,24449,1155],{"class":58},[44,24451,75],{"class":62},[44,24453,24454],{"class":66},"Toyota",[44,24456,63],{"class":62},[44,24458,72],{"class":58},[44,24460,75],{"class":62},[44,24462,24463],{"class":66},"year",[44,24465,63],{"class":62},[44,24467,1155],{"class":58},[44,24469,24470],{"class":206}," 2020",[44,24472,8959],{"class":58},[44,24474,24475],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24476,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,24478,24479,24481,24483,24486,24488,24490],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24480,604],{"class":50},[44,24482,55],{"class":54},[44,24484,24485],{"class":50}," car",[44,24487,114],{"class":58},[44,24489,16571],{"class":117},[44,24491,8292],{"class":58},[44,24493,24494],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,24495,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,24497,24498,24500,24502,24504],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,24499,136],{"class":135},[44,24501,121],{"class":58},[44,24503,632],{"class":117},[44,24505,100],{"class":58},[44,24507,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,24509,136],{"class":135},[44,24511,121],{"class":58},[44,24513,2868],{"class":2546},[44,24515,121],{"class":58},[44,24517,632],{"class":117},[44,24519,244],{"class":58},[20,24521,24522],{},[367,24523,247],{},[35,24525,24527],{"className":37,"code":24526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24528,24529,24551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24530,24531,24533,24535,24537,24539,24541,24543,24545,24547,24549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24532,16662],{"class":117},[44,24534,2631],{"class":58},[44,24536,2948],{"class":62},[44,24538,24445],{"class":66},[44,24540,2948],{"class":62},[44,24542,72],{"class":58},[44,24544,2943],{"class":62},[44,24546,24463],{"class":66},[44,24548,2948],{"class":62},[44,24550,3538],{"class":58},[44,24552,24553,24555,24557,24559,24561,24563],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24554,2937],{"class":54},[44,24556,2940],{"class":1716},[44,24558,2943],{"class":62},[44,24560,16662],{"class":66},[44,24562,2948],{"class":62},[44,24564,2951],{"class":54},[20,24566,24567,24568,24572,24573,114],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[270,24569,10387,24570,1180],{"href":16715},[15,24571,16718],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[270,24574,10387,24575,1180],{"href":16721},[15,24576,16724],{},[30,24578,24580],{"id":24579},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24582,24583],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[35,24585,24587],{"className":37,"code":24586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24588,24589,24642,24646,24662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24590,24591,24593,24595,24597,24599,24601,24603,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631,24633,24635,24638,24640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24592,12514],{"class":50},[44,24594,55],{"class":54},[44,24596,10141],{"class":58},[44,24598,63],{"class":62},[44,24600,7318],{"class":66},[44,24602,63],{"class":62},[44,24604,1155],{"class":58},[44,24606,75],{"class":62},[44,24608,12531],{"class":66},[44,24610,63],{"class":62},[44,24612,72],{"class":58},[44,24614,75],{"class":62},[44,24616,8949],{"class":66},[44,24618,63],{"class":62},[44,24620,1155],{"class":58},[44,24622,212],{"class":206},[44,24624,72],{"class":58},[44,24626,75],{"class":62},[44,24628,14976],{"class":66},[44,24630,63],{"class":62},[44,24632,1155],{"class":58},[44,24634,75],{"class":62},[44,24636,24637],{"class":66},"Math",[44,24639,63],{"class":62},[44,24641,8959],{"class":58},[44,24643,24644],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24645,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,24647,24648,24650,24652,24654,24656,24658,24660],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24649,5606],{"class":805},[44,24651,17852],{"class":50},[44,24653,1383],{"class":805},[44,24655,12557],{"class":50},[44,24657,114],{"class":58},[44,24659,16571],{"class":117},[44,24661,21235],{"class":58},[44,24663,24664,24666,24668,24670],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,24665,825],{"class":135},[44,24667,121],{"class":58},[44,24669,14490],{"class":117},[44,24671,100],{"class":58},[20,24673,24674],{},[367,24675,247],{},[35,24677,24679],{"className":37,"code":24678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24680,24681,24686,24691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24682,24683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24684,24685],{"class":50},"name\n",[44,24687,24688],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24689,24690],{"class":50},"age\n",[44,24692,24693],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24694,24695],{"class":50},"course\n",[20,24697,24698],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[35,24700,24702],{"className":37,"code":24701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24703,24704,24716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24705,24706,24708,24710,24712,24714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24707,5606],{"class":805},[44,24709,17852],{"class":50},[44,24711,1383],{"class":805},[44,24713,12557],{"class":50},[44,24715,820],{"class":58},[44,24717,24718,24720,24722,24724],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24719,825],{"class":135},[44,24721,121],{"class":58},[44,24723,14490],{"class":117},[44,24725,100],{"class":58},[20,24727,24728,24729,24732],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24730,24731],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[30,24734,4609,24736],{"id":24735},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24737,16712],{},[20,24739,651,24740,654],{},[15,24741,16712],{},[169,24743,24744,24747,24750],{},[172,24745,24746],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[172,24748,24749],{},"you want to display available fields",[172,24751,24752],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24754,189],{},[35,24756,24758],{"className":37,"code":24757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24759,24760,24813,24817,24832,24849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24761,24762,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24782,24784,24786,24788,24791,24793,24795,24798,24800,24802,24805,24807,24809,24811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24763,24764],{"class":50},"product ",[44,24766,55],{"class":54},[44,24768,10141],{"class":58},[44,24770,63],{"class":62},[44,24772,7318],{"class":66},[44,24774,63],{"class":62},[44,24776,1155],{"class":58},[44,24778,75],{"class":62},[44,24780,24781],{"class":66},"Book",[44,24783,63],{"class":62},[44,24785,72],{"class":58},[44,24787,75],{"class":62},[44,24789,24790],{"class":66},"price",[44,24792,63],{"class":62},[44,24794,1155],{"class":58},[44,24796,24797],{"class":206}," 12.99",[44,24799,72],{"class":58},[44,24801,75],{"class":62},[44,24803,24804],{"class":66},"stock",[44,24806,63],{"class":62},[44,24808,1155],{"class":58},[44,24810,939],{"class":206},[44,24812,8959],{"class":58},[44,24814,24815],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24816,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,24818,24819,24821,24823,24825,24828,24830],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24820,136],{"class":135},[44,24822,121],{"class":58},[44,24824,63],{"class":62},[44,24826,24827],{"class":66},"Available fields:",[44,24829,63],{"class":62},[44,24831,100],{"class":58},[44,24833,24834,24836,24838,24840,24843,24845,24847],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,24835,5606],{"class":805},[44,24837,17852],{"class":50},[44,24839,1383],{"class":805},[44,24841,24842],{"class":50}," product",[44,24844,114],{"class":58},[44,24846,16571],{"class":117},[44,24848,21235],{"class":58},[44,24850,24851,24853,24855,24857],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,24852,825],{"class":135},[44,24854,121],{"class":58},[44,24856,14490],{"class":117},[44,24858,100],{"class":58},[20,24860,24861],{},[367,24862,247],{},[35,24864,24866],{"className":37,"code":24865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24867,24868,24875,24879,24884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24869,24870,24873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24871,24872],{"class":50},"Available fields",[44,24874,820],{"class":58},[44,24876,24877],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24878,24685],{"class":50},[44,24880,24881],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24882,24883],{"class":50},"price\n",[44,24885,24886],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,24887,24888],{"class":50},"stock\n",[20,24890,24891],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[35,24893,24895],{"className":37,"code":24894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24896,24897,24933,24937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24898,24899,24901,24903,24905,24907,24909,24911,24913,24915,24917,24919,24921,24923,24925,24927,24929,24931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24900,24764],{"class":50},[44,24902,55],{"class":54},[44,24904,10141],{"class":58},[44,24906,63],{"class":62},[44,24908,7318],{"class":66},[44,24910,63],{"class":62},[44,24912,1155],{"class":58},[44,24914,75],{"class":62},[44,24916,24781],{"class":66},[44,24918,63],{"class":62},[44,24920,72],{"class":58},[44,24922,75],{"class":62},[44,24924,24790],{"class":66},[44,24926,63],{"class":62},[44,24928,1155],{"class":58},[44,24930,24797],{"class":206},[44,24932,8959],{"class":58},[44,24934,24935],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,24936,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,24938,24939,24941,24943,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,24940,136],{"class":135},[44,24942,121],{"class":58},[44,24944,63],{"class":62},[44,24946,7318],{"class":66},[44,24948,63],{"class":62},[44,24950,815],{"class":805},[44,24952,24842],{"class":117},[44,24954,114],{"class":58},[44,24956,16571],{"class":117},[44,24958,6843],{"class":58},[20,24960,24961,24962,114],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24963,3254],{},[20,24965,24966],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[35,24968,24970],{"className":37,"code":24969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24971,24972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,24973,24974,24976,24978,24980,24982,24984,24986,24988],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,24975,136],{"class":135},[44,24977,121],{"class":58},[44,24979,63],{"class":62},[44,24981,7318],{"class":66},[44,24983,63],{"class":62},[44,24985,815],{"class":805},[44,24987,24842],{"class":117},[44,24989,100],{"class":58},[20,24991,24992,24993,114],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[270,24994,20847],{"href":16799},[30,24996,24998],{"id":24997},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25000,25001,25002,114],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25003,16712],{},[338,25005,1312,25007,25009],{"id":25006},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25008,16712],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25011,25012,25014],{},[15,25013,16712],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25016,189],{},[35,25018,25020],{"className":37,"code":25019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25021,25022,25058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25023,25024,25026,25028,25030,25032,25034,25036,25038,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25025,8816],{"class":50},[44,25027,55],{"class":54},[44,25029,10141],{"class":58},[44,25031,63],{"class":62},[44,25033,7318],{"class":66},[44,25035,63],{"class":62},[44,25037,1155],{"class":58},[44,25039,75],{"class":62},[44,25041,12531],{"class":66},[44,25043,63],{"class":62},[44,25045,72],{"class":58},[44,25047,75],{"class":62},[44,25049,8949],{"class":66},[44,25051,63],{"class":62},[44,25053,1155],{"class":58},[44,25055,212],{"class":206},[44,25057,8959],{"class":58},[44,25059,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25061,136],{"class":135},[44,25063,121],{"class":58},[44,25065,8855],{"class":117},[44,25067,114],{"class":58},[44,25069,16571],{"class":117},[44,25071,6843],{"class":58},[20,25073,25074],{},[367,25075,247],{},[35,25077,25079],{"className":37,"code":25078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25080,25081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25082,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099,25101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25084,16662],{"class":117},[44,25086,2631],{"class":58},[44,25088,2948],{"class":62},[44,25090,7318],{"class":66},[44,25092,2948],{"class":62},[44,25094,72],{"class":58},[44,25096,2943],{"class":62},[44,25098,8949],{"class":66},[44,25100,2948],{"class":62},[44,25102,3538],{"class":58},[20,25104,25105,25106,114],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[270,25107,25108],{"href":16721},[15,25109,16724],{},[338,25111,25113,25114],{"id":25112},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25115,16662],{},[20,25117,25118],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[35,25120,25122],{"className":37,"code":25121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25123,25124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25125,25126,25128,25130,25132,25134,25136,25138,25140,25142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25127,1271],{"class":58},[44,25129,2948],{"class":62},[44,25131,7318],{"class":66},[44,25133,2948],{"class":62},[44,25135,72],{"class":58},[44,25137,2943],{"class":62},[44,25139,8949],{"class":66},[44,25141,2948],{"class":62},[44,25143,3286],{"class":58},[20,25145,25146,25147,537],{},"But ",[15,25148,16712],{},[35,25150,25151],{"className":37,"code":25078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,25152,25153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25154,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25156,16662],{"class":117},[44,25158,2631],{"class":58},[44,25160,2948],{"class":62},[44,25162,7318],{"class":66},[44,25164,2948],{"class":62},[44,25166,72],{"class":58},[44,25168,2943],{"class":62},[44,25170,8949],{"class":66},[44,25172,2948],{"class":62},[44,25174,3538],{"class":58},[20,25176,25177],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[35,25179,25181],{"className":37,"code":25180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25182,25183,25219,25238,25242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25184,25185,25187,25189,25191,25193,25195,25197,25199,25201,25203,25205,25207,25209,25211,25213,25215,25217],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25186,8816],{"class":50},[44,25188,55],{"class":54},[44,25190,10141],{"class":58},[44,25192,63],{"class":62},[44,25194,7318],{"class":66},[44,25196,63],{"class":62},[44,25198,1155],{"class":58},[44,25200,75],{"class":62},[44,25202,12531],{"class":66},[44,25204,63],{"class":62},[44,25206,72],{"class":58},[44,25208,75],{"class":62},[44,25210,8949],{"class":66},[44,25212,63],{"class":62},[44,25214,1155],{"class":58},[44,25216,212],{"class":206},[44,25218,8959],{"class":58},[44,25220,25221,25224,25226,25228,25230,25232,25234,25236],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25222,25223],{"class":50},"key_list ",[44,25225,55],{"class":54},[44,25227,22199],{"class":2546},[44,25229,121],{"class":58},[44,25231,8855],{"class":117},[44,25233,114],{"class":58},[44,25235,16571],{"class":117},[44,25237,6843],{"class":58},[44,25239,25240],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25241,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,25243,25244,25246,25248,25251],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,25245,136],{"class":135},[44,25247,121],{"class":58},[44,25249,25250],{"class":117},"key_list",[44,25252,100],{"class":58},[338,25254,25256,25257,25259],{"id":25255},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25258,16712],{}," on a list or string",[20,25261,25262,25264],{},[15,25263,16712],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25266,2480],{},[35,25268,25270],{"className":37,"code":25269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25271,25272,25292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25273,25274,25276,25278,25280,25282,25284,25286,25288,25290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25275,199],{"class":50},[44,25277,55],{"class":54},[44,25279,3273],{"class":58},[44,25281,1133],{"class":206},[44,25283,72],{"class":58},[44,25285,488],{"class":206},[44,25287,72],{"class":58},[44,25289,524],{"class":206},[44,25291,3286],{"class":58},[44,25293,25294,25296,25298,25300,25302,25304],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25295,136],{"class":135},[44,25297,121],{"class":58},[44,25299,232],{"class":117},[44,25301,114],{"class":58},[44,25303,16571],{"class":117},[44,25305,6843],{"class":58},[20,25307,25308,25309,25312,25313,25315,25316,114],{},"You may get an ",[15,25310,25311],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25314,16712],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[270,25317,25319,25320,25323],{"href":25318},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25321,25322],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[338,25325,25327],{"id":25326},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25329,25330],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[35,25332,25334],{"className":37,"code":25333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25335,25336,25360],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25337,25338,25340,25342,25344,25346,25348,25350,25352,25354,25356,25358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25339,8816],{"class":50},[44,25341,55],{"class":54},[44,25343,10141],{"class":58},[44,25345,63],{"class":62},[44,25347,7318],{"class":66},[44,25349,63],{"class":62},[44,25351,1155],{"class":58},[44,25353,75],{"class":62},[44,25355,12531],{"class":66},[44,25357,63],{"class":62},[44,25359,8959],{"class":58},[44,25361,25362,25364,25366,25368,25370,25372],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25363,136],{"class":135},[44,25365,121],{"class":58},[44,25367,8855],{"class":117},[44,25369,114],{"class":58},[44,25371,16571],{"class":24390},[44,25373,100],{"class":58},[20,25375,25376],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25378,18338],{},[35,25380,25382],{"className":37,"code":25381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25383,25384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25385,25386,25388,25390,25392,25394,25396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25387,136],{"class":135},[44,25389,121],{"class":58},[44,25391,8855],{"class":117},[44,25393,114],{"class":58},[44,25395,16571],{"class":117},[44,25397,6843],{"class":58},[30,25399,1299],{"id":1298},[20,25401,25402,25403,1155],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25404,16712],{},[169,25406,25407,25412,25418,25424],{},[172,25408,895,25409,25411],{},[15,25410,16712],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[172,25413,25414,25415,25417],{},"Thinking ",[15,25416,16712],{}," returns values too",[172,25419,25420,25421,25423],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25422,16662],{}," like a normal list",[172,25425,25426,25427,25429],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25428,16662],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25431,25432],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[35,25434,25436],{"className":37,"code":25435,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25437,25438,25470,25484,25488,25498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25439,25440,25442,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454,25456,25458,25460,25462,25464,25466,25468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25441,8816],{"class":50},[44,25443,55],{"class":54},[44,25445,10141],{"class":58},[44,25447,63],{"class":62},[44,25449,270],{"class":66},[44,25451,63],{"class":62},[44,25453,1155],{"class":58},[44,25455,519],{"class":206},[44,25457,72],{"class":58},[44,25459,75],{"class":62},[44,25461,399],{"class":66},[44,25463,63],{"class":62},[44,25465,1155],{"class":58},[44,25467,488],{"class":206},[44,25469,8959],{"class":58},[44,25471,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25473,16888],{"class":50},[44,25475,55],{"class":54},[44,25477,14215],{"class":50},[44,25479,114],{"class":58},[44,25481,16571],{"class":117},[44,25483,8292],{"class":58},[44,25485,25486],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25487,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,25489,25490,25492,25494,25496],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,25491,136],{"class":135},[44,25493,121],{"class":58},[44,25495,16571],{"class":117},[44,25497,100],{"class":58},[44,25499,25500],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,25501,25502],{"class":147},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25504,25505],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[35,25507,25509],{"className":37,"code":25508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25510,25511,25543,25561,25565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25512,25513,25515,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531,25533,25535,25537,25539,25541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25514,8816],{"class":50},[44,25516,55],{"class":54},[44,25518,10141],{"class":58},[44,25520,63],{"class":62},[44,25522,270],{"class":66},[44,25524,63],{"class":62},[44,25526,1155],{"class":58},[44,25528,519],{"class":206},[44,25530,72],{"class":58},[44,25532,75],{"class":62},[44,25534,399],{"class":66},[44,25536,63],{"class":62},[44,25538,1155],{"class":58},[44,25540,488],{"class":206},[44,25542,8959],{"class":58},[44,25544,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25546,16888],{"class":50},[44,25548,55],{"class":54},[44,25550,22199],{"class":2546},[44,25552,121],{"class":58},[44,25554,8855],{"class":117},[44,25556,114],{"class":58},[44,25558,16571],{"class":117},[44,25560,6843],{"class":58},[44,25562,25563],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25564,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,25566,25567,25569,25571,25573,25575,25577],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,25568,136],{"class":135},[44,25570,121],{"class":58},[44,25572,16571],{"class":117},[44,25574,1271],{"class":58},[44,25576,186],{"class":206},[44,25578,3538],{"class":58},[30,25580,25582],{"id":25581},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25584,10763],{},[35,25586,25588],{"className":37,"code":25587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25589,25590,25604,25614,25628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25591,25592,25594,25596,25598,25600,25602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25593,136],{"class":135},[44,25595,121],{"class":58},[44,25597,2868],{"class":2546},[44,25599,121],{"class":58},[44,25601,11098],{"class":117},[44,25603,244],{"class":58},[44,25605,25606,25608,25610,25612],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25607,136],{"class":135},[44,25609,121],{"class":58},[44,25611,11098],{"class":117},[44,25613,100],{"class":58},[44,25615,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25617,136],{"class":135},[44,25619,121],{"class":58},[44,25621,11098],{"class":117},[44,25623,114],{"class":58},[44,25625,16571],{"class":117},[44,25627,6843],{"class":58},[44,25629,25630,25632,25634,25636,25638,25640,25642,25644],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,25631,136],{"class":135},[44,25633,121],{"class":58},[44,25635,7742],{"class":2546},[44,25637,121],{"class":58},[44,25639,11098],{"class":117},[44,25641,114],{"class":58},[44,25643,16571],{"class":117},[44,25645,5938],{"class":58},[20,25647,25648],{},"These help you confirm:",[169,25650,25651,25654,25657,25662],{},[172,25652,25653],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[172,25655,25656],{},"what data it contains",[172,25658,25659,25660,11355],{},"what ",[15,25661,16712],{},[172,25663,25664],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[30,25666,1497],{"id":1496},[338,25668,23558,25670,4793],{"id":25669},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25671,16712],{},[20,25673,17066,25674,25676],{},[15,25675,16662],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[338,25678,1540,25680,25683],{"id":25679},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25681,25682],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25685,25686,25687,25689,25690,114],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25688,16662],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25691,25692],{},"list(dict.keys())",[338,25694,25696,25697,1547],{"id":25695},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25698,25682],{},[20,25700,25701,25702,25704],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25703,5606],{}," loop.",[338,25706,25708,25709,25711],{"id":25707},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25710,16712],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25713,25714,25715,25717],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25716,16712],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[338,25719,25721],{"id":25720},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25723,651,25724,114],{},[15,25725,25726],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[30,25728,1554],{"id":1553},[169,25730,25731,25736,25742,25748,25754,25758],{},[172,25732,25733],{},[270,25734,25735],{"href":9041},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[172,25737,25738],{},[270,25739,10387,25740,1180],{"href":16715},[15,25741,16718],{},[172,25743,25744],{},[270,25745,10387,25746,1180],{"href":16721},[15,25747,16724],{},[172,25749,25750],{},[270,25751,25753],{"href":25752},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[172,25755,25756],{},[270,25757,16800],{"href":16799},[172,25759,25760],{},[270,25761,25762,25763,25323],{"href":25318},"How to fix ",[15,25764,25322],{},[1583,25766,25767],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":25769},[25770,25771,25773,25774,25775,25776,25777,25779,25788,25789,25790,25801],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":23889,"depth":103,"text":25772},"What keys() does",{"id":5434,"depth":103,"text":5435},{"id":5078,"depth":103,"text":5079},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":24579,"depth":103,"text":24580},{"id":24735,"depth":103,"text":25778},"When to use keys()",{"id":24997,"depth":103,"text":24998,"children":25780},[25781,25783,25785,25787],{"id":25006,"depth":132,"text":25782},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25112,"depth":132,"text":25784},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25255,"depth":132,"text":25786},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25326,"depth":132,"text":25327},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":25581,"depth":103,"text":25582},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":25791},[25792,25794,25796,25798,25800],{"id":25669,"depth":132,"text":25793},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25679,"depth":132,"text":25795},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25695,"depth":132,"text":25797},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25707,"depth":132,"text":25799},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25720,"depth":132,"text":25721},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23711,"description":25802},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25808,"title":25809,"body":25810,"description":28081,"extension":1616,"meta":28082,"navigation":434,"path":28083,"seo":28084,"stem":28085,"__hash__":28086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25811,"toc":28034},[25812,25817,25822,25825,25827,25973,25986,25991,25995,26009,26011,26114,26123,26125,26128,26166,26191,26193,26300,26302,26309,26312,26320,26322,26463,26471,26476,26480,26491,26493,26655,26658,26666,26673,26679,26776,26782,26859,26862,26874,26879,26885,26888,26892,26981,26984,26988,27091,27098,27185,27194,27196,27201,27207,27210,27256,27259,27325,27334,27340,27432,27438,27444,27487,27490,27555,27561,27653,27656,27660,27666,27691,27694,27790,27797,27799,27804,27895,27897,27925,27930,27932,27939,27942,27946,27956,27961,27964,27971,27981,27988,27996,27998,28031],[10,25813,10968,25815,18],{"id":25814},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25816,12413],{},[20,25818,25819,25821],{},[15,25820,12220],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25823,25824],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[30,25826,3259],{"id":3258},[35,25828,25830],{"className":37,"code":25829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25831,25832,25868,25892,25906,25919,25923,25928,25960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,25833,25834,25836,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846,25848,25850,25852,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862,25864,25866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,25835,12852],{"class":50},[44,25837,55],{"class":54},[44,25839,10141],{"class":58},[44,25841,63],{"class":62},[44,25843,7318],{"class":66},[44,25845,63],{"class":62},[44,25847,1155],{"class":58},[44,25849,75],{"class":62},[44,25851,12531],{"class":66},[44,25853,63],{"class":62},[44,25855,72],{"class":58},[44,25857,75],{"class":62},[44,25859,8949],{"class":66},[44,25861,63],{"class":62},[44,25863,1155],{"class":58},[44,25865,8956],{"class":206},[44,25867,8959],{"class":58},[44,25869,25870,25873,25875,25877,25879,25882,25884,25886,25888,25890],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,25871,25872],{"class":50},"removed_age ",[44,25874,55],{"class":54},[44,25876,12895],{"class":50},[44,25878,114],{"class":58},[44,25880,25881],{"class":117},"pop",[44,25883,121],{"class":58},[44,25885,63],{"class":62},[44,25887,8949],{"class":66},[44,25889,63],{"class":62},[44,25891,100],{"class":58},[44,25893,25894,25896,25898,25901,25903],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,25895,136],{"class":135},[44,25897,121],{"class":58},[44,25899,25900],{"class":117},"removed_age",[44,25902,144],{"class":58},[44,25904,25905],{"class":147},"   # 25\n",[44,25907,25908,25910,25912,25914,25916],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,25909,136],{"class":135},[44,25911,121],{"class":58},[44,25913,16953],{"class":117},[44,25915,144],{"class":58},[44,25917,25918],{"class":147},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[44,25920,25921],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,25922,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,25924,25925],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,25926,25927],{"class":147},"# Safe version with default value\n",[44,25929,25930,25933,25935,25937,25939,25941,25943,25945,25947,25949,25951,25953,25956,25958],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,25931,25932],{"class":50},"country ",[44,25934,55],{"class":54},[44,25936,12895],{"class":50},[44,25938,114],{"class":58},[44,25940,25881],{"class":117},[44,25942,121],{"class":58},[44,25944,63],{"class":62},[44,25946,14909],{"class":66},[44,25948,63],{"class":62},[44,25950,72],{"class":58},[44,25952,75],{"class":62},[44,25954,25955],{"class":66},"Not found",[44,25957,63],{"class":62},[44,25959,100],{"class":58},[44,25961,25962,25964,25966,25968,25970],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,25963,136],{"class":135},[44,25965,121],{"class":58},[44,25967,14909],{"class":117},[44,25969,144],{"class":58},[44,25971,25972],{"class":147},"       # Not found\n",[20,25974,651,25975,25978,25979,25982,25983,25985],{},[15,25976,25977],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25980,25981],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25984,19330],{}," when the key might not exist.",[30,25987,158,25989,161],{"id":25988},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25990,12220],{},[20,25992,25993,1155],{},[15,25994,12220],{},[169,25996,25997,26000,26003,26006],{},[172,25998,25999],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[172,26001,26002],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[172,26004,26005],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[172,26007,26008],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26010,189],{},[35,26012,26014],{"className":37,"code":26013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26015,26016,26056,26060,26083,26087,26101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26017,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032,26034,26036,26038,26040,26042,26044,26046,26048,26050,26052,26054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26019,11137],{"class":50},[44,26021,55],{"class":54},[44,26023,10141],{"class":58},[44,26025,63],{"class":62},[44,26027,7318],{"class":66},[44,26029,63],{"class":62},[44,26031,1155],{"class":58},[44,26033,75],{"class":62},[44,26035,12869],{"class":66},[44,26037,63],{"class":62},[44,26039,72],{"class":58},[44,26041,75],{"class":62},[44,26043,10059],{"class":66},[44,26045,63],{"class":62},[44,26047,1155],{"class":58},[44,26049,75],{"class":62},[44,26051,10066],{"class":66},[44,26053,63],{"class":62},[44,26055,8959],{"class":58},[44,26057,26058],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26059,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26061,26062,26065,26067,26069,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26063,26064],{"class":50},"removed_city ",[44,26066,55],{"class":54},[44,26068,11220],{"class":50},[44,26070,114],{"class":58},[44,26072,25881],{"class":117},[44,26074,121],{"class":58},[44,26076,63],{"class":62},[44,26078,10059],{"class":66},[44,26080,63],{"class":62},[44,26082,100],{"class":58},[44,26084,26085],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,26086,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26088,26089,26091,26093,26096,26098],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,26090,136],{"class":135},[44,26092,121],{"class":58},[44,26094,26095],{"class":117},"removed_city",[44,26097,144],{"class":58},[44,26099,26100],{"class":147},"  # Paris\n",[44,26102,26103,26105,26107,26109,26111],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,26104,136],{"class":135},[44,26106,121],{"class":58},[44,26108,11231],{"class":117},[44,26110,144],{"class":58},[44,26112,26113],{"class":147},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26115,20413,26116,26119,26120,114],{},[15,26117,26118],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26121,26122],{},"\"Paris\"",[30,26124,277],{"id":276},[20,26126,26127],{},"There are two common forms:",[35,26129,26131],{"className":37,"code":26130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26132,26133,26147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26134,26135,26137,26139,26141,26143,26145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26136,11098],{"class":50},[44,26138,114],{"class":58},[44,26140,25881],{"class":117},[44,26142,121],{"class":58},[44,26144,14490],{"class":117},[44,26146,100],{"class":58},[44,26148,26149,26151,26153,26155,26157,26159,26161,26164],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26150,11098],{"class":50},[44,26152,114],{"class":58},[44,26154,25881],{"class":117},[44,26156,121],{"class":58},[44,26158,14490],{"class":117},[44,26160,72],{"class":58},[44,26162,26163],{"class":117}," default",[44,26165,100],{"class":58},[169,26167,26168,26174,26182,26188],{},[172,26169,26170,26173],{},[15,26171,26172],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[172,26175,26176,26178,26179,26181],{},[15,26177,26172],{}," raises ",[15,26180,19330],{}," if the key is missing",[172,26183,26184,26187],{},[15,26185,26186],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[172,26189,26190],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26192,189],{},[35,26194,26196],{"className":37,"code":26195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26197,26198,26230,26234,26259,26287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26199,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26201,4712],{"class":50},[44,26203,55],{"class":54},[44,26205,10141],{"class":58},[44,26207,63],{"class":62},[44,26209,18060],{"class":66},[44,26211,63],{"class":62},[44,26213,1155],{"class":58},[44,26215,19541],{"class":206},[44,26217,72],{"class":58},[44,26219,75],{"class":62},[44,26221,18069],{"class":66},[44,26223,63],{"class":62},[44,26225,1155],{"class":58},[44,26227,13155],{"class":206},[44,26229,8959],{"class":58},[44,26231,26232],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26233,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26235,26236,26238,26240,26242,26244,26246,26248,26250,26252,26254,26256],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26237,136],{"class":135},[44,26239,121],{"class":58},[44,26241,16036],{"class":117},[44,26243,114],{"class":58},[44,26245,25881],{"class":117},[44,26247,121],{"class":58},[44,26249,63],{"class":62},[44,26251,18060],{"class":66},[44,26253,63],{"class":62},[44,26255,459],{"class":58},[44,26257,26258],{"class":147},"         # 90\n",[44,26260,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269,26271,26273,26275,26277,26279,26281,26283,26285],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,26262,136],{"class":135},[44,26264,121],{"class":58},[44,26266,16036],{"class":117},[44,26268,114],{"class":58},[44,26270,25881],{"class":117},[44,26272,121],{"class":58},[44,26274,63],{"class":62},[44,26276,18078],{"class":66},[44,26278,63],{"class":62},[44,26280,72],{"class":58},[44,26282,3483],{"class":206},[44,26284,459],{"class":58},[44,26286,20410],{"class":147},[44,26288,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,26290,136],{"class":135},[44,26292,121],{"class":58},[44,26294,16036],{"class":117},[44,26296,144],{"class":58},[44,26298,26299],{"class":147},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[30,26301,17063],{"id":17062},[20,26303,26304,13702,26306,26308],{},[15,26305,12413],{},[367,26307,881],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26310,26311],{},"Instead, it returns:",[169,26313,26314,26317],{},[172,26315,26316],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[172,26318,26319],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26321,189],{},[35,26323,26325],{"className":37,"code":26324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26326,26327,26359,26363,26386,26418,26422,26436,26450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26328,26329,26331,26333,26335,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26330,8816],{"class":50},[44,26332,55],{"class":54},[44,26334,10141],{"class":58},[44,26336,63],{"class":62},[44,26338,270],{"class":66},[44,26340,63],{"class":62},[44,26342,1155],{"class":58},[44,26344,934],{"class":206},[44,26346,72],{"class":58},[44,26348,75],{"class":62},[44,26350,399],{"class":66},[44,26352,63],{"class":62},[44,26354,1155],{"class":58},[44,26356,212],{"class":206},[44,26358,8959],{"class":58},[44,26360,26361],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26362,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26364,26365,26368,26370,26372,26374,26376,26378,26380,26382,26384],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26366,26367],{"class":50},"result1 ",[44,26369,55],{"class":54},[44,26371,14215],{"class":50},[44,26373,114],{"class":58},[44,26375,25881],{"class":117},[44,26377,121],{"class":58},[44,26379,63],{"class":62},[44,26381,270],{"class":66},[44,26383,63],{"class":62},[44,26385,100],{"class":58},[44,26387,26388,26391,26393,26395,26397,26399,26401,26403,26405,26407,26409,26411,26414,26416],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,26389,26390],{"class":50},"result2 ",[44,26392,55],{"class":54},[44,26394,14215],{"class":50},[44,26396,114],{"class":58},[44,26398,25881],{"class":117},[44,26400,121],{"class":58},[44,26402,63],{"class":62},[44,26404,408],{"class":66},[44,26406,63],{"class":62},[44,26408,72],{"class":58},[44,26410,75],{"class":62},[44,26412,26413],{"class":66},"missing",[44,26415,63],{"class":62},[44,26417,100],{"class":58},[44,26419,26420],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,26421,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26423,26424,26426,26428,26431,26433],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,26425,136],{"class":135},[44,26427,121],{"class":58},[44,26429,26430],{"class":117},"result1",[44,26432,144],{"class":58},[44,26434,26435],{"class":147},"  # 10\n",[44,26437,26438,26440,26442,26445,26447],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,26439,136],{"class":135},[44,26441,121],{"class":58},[44,26443,26444],{"class":117},"result2",[44,26446,144],{"class":58},[44,26448,26449],{"class":147},"  # missing\n",[44,26451,26452,26454,26456,26458,26460],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,26453,136],{"class":135},[44,26455,121],{"class":58},[44,26457,8855],{"class":117},[44,26459,144],{"class":58},[44,26461,26462],{"class":147},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26464,26465,26466,6280],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[270,26467,26468],{"href":10386},[15,26469,26470],{},"dict.get()",[30,26472,4609,26474],{"id":26473},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26475,12413],{},[20,26477,651,26478,654],{},[15,26479,12413],{},[169,26481,26482,26485,26488],{},[172,26483,26484],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[172,26486,26487],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[172,26489,26490],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26492,189],{},[35,26494,26496],{"className":37,"code":26495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26497,26498,26550,26554,26581,26585,26609,26613,26627,26641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26499,26500,26502,26504,26506,26508,26510,26512,26514,26516,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26534,26536,26538,26541,26543,26545,26548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26501,24764],{"class":50},[44,26503,55],{"class":54},[44,26505,10141],{"class":58},[44,26507,63],{"class":62},[44,26509,7318],{"class":66},[44,26511,63],{"class":62},[44,26513,1155],{"class":58},[44,26515,75],{"class":62},[44,26517,26518],{"class":66},"Laptop",[44,26520,63],{"class":62},[44,26522,72],{"class":58},[44,26524,75],{"class":62},[44,26526,24790],{"class":66},[44,26528,63],{"class":62},[44,26530,1155],{"class":58},[44,26532,26533],{"class":206}," 1200",[44,26535,72],{"class":58},[44,26537,75],{"class":62},[44,26539,26540],{"class":66},"discount",[44,26542,63],{"class":62},[44,26544,1155],{"class":58},[44,26546,26547],{"class":206}," 200",[44,26549,8959],{"class":58},[44,26551,26552],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26553,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26555,26556,26559,26561,26563,26565,26567,26569,26571,26573,26575,26577,26579],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26557,26558],{"class":50},"discount_amount ",[44,26560,55],{"class":54},[44,26562,24842],{"class":50},[44,26564,114],{"class":58},[44,26566,25881],{"class":117},[44,26568,121],{"class":58},[44,26570,63],{"class":62},[44,26572,26540],{"class":66},[44,26574,63],{"class":62},[44,26576,72],{"class":58},[44,26578,3483],{"class":206},[44,26580,100],{"class":58},[44,26582,26583],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,26584,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26586,26587,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600,26602,26604,26606],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,26588,26589],{"class":50},"final_price ",[44,26591,55],{"class":54},[44,26593,24842],{"class":50},[44,26595,1271],{"class":58},[44,26597,63],{"class":62},[44,26599,24790],{"class":66},[44,26601,63],{"class":62},[44,26603,12921],{"class":58},[44,26605,1870],{"class":54},[44,26607,26608],{"class":50}," discount_amount\n",[44,26610,26611],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,26612,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26614,26615,26617,26619,26622,26624],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,26616,136],{"class":135},[44,26618,121],{"class":58},[44,26620,26621],{"class":117},"discount_amount",[44,26623,144],{"class":58},[44,26625,26626],{"class":147},"  # 200\n",[44,26628,26629,26631,26633,26636,26638],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,26630,136],{"class":135},[44,26632,121],{"class":58},[44,26634,26635],{"class":117},"final_price",[44,26637,144],{"class":58},[44,26639,26640],{"class":147},"      # 1000\n",[44,26642,26643,26645,26647,26650,26652],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,26644,136],{"class":135},[44,26646,121],{"class":58},[44,26648,26649],{"class":117},"product",[44,26651,144],{"class":58},[44,26653,26654],{"class":147},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26656,26657],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[30,26659,26661,10236,26663],{"id":26660},"pop-vs-del",[15,26662,12413],{},[15,26664,26665],{},"del",[20,26667,10241,26668,898,26670,26672],{},[15,26669,12413],{},[15,26671,26665],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[338,26674,651,26676,26678],{"id":26675},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26677,12413],{}," when you need the removed value",[35,26680,26682],{"className":37,"code":26681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26683,26684,26720,26724,26746,26750,26763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26685,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716,26718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26687,12852],{"class":50},[44,26689,55],{"class":54},[44,26691,10141],{"class":58},[44,26693,63],{"class":62},[44,26695,7318],{"class":66},[44,26697,63],{"class":62},[44,26699,1155],{"class":58},[44,26701,75],{"class":62},[44,26703,12531],{"class":66},[44,26705,63],{"class":62},[44,26707,72],{"class":58},[44,26709,75],{"class":62},[44,26711,8949],{"class":66},[44,26713,63],{"class":62},[44,26715,1155],{"class":58},[44,26717,8956],{"class":206},[44,26719,8959],{"class":58},[44,26721,26722],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26723,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26725,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740,26742,26744],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26727,21268],{"class":50},[44,26729,55],{"class":54},[44,26731,12895],{"class":50},[44,26733,114],{"class":58},[44,26735,25881],{"class":117},[44,26737,121],{"class":58},[44,26739,63],{"class":62},[44,26741,8949],{"class":66},[44,26743,63],{"class":62},[44,26745,100],{"class":58},[44,26747,26748],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,26749,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26751,26752,26754,26756,26758,26760],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,26753,136],{"class":135},[44,26755,121],{"class":58},[44,26757,8949],{"class":117},[44,26759,144],{"class":58},[44,26761,26762],{"class":147},"     # 25\n",[44,26764,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,26766,136],{"class":135},[44,26768,121],{"class":58},[44,26770,16953],{"class":117},[44,26772,144],{"class":58},[44,26774,26775],{"class":147},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[338,26777,651,26779,26781],{"id":26778},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26780,26665],{}," when you only want deletion",[35,26783,26785],{"className":37,"code":26784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26786,26787,26823,26827,26843,26847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26788,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797,26799,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813,26815,26817,26819,26821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26790,12852],{"class":50},[44,26792,55],{"class":54},[44,26794,10141],{"class":58},[44,26796,63],{"class":62},[44,26798,7318],{"class":66},[44,26800,63],{"class":62},[44,26802,1155],{"class":58},[44,26804,75],{"class":62},[44,26806,12531],{"class":66},[44,26808,63],{"class":62},[44,26810,72],{"class":58},[44,26812,75],{"class":62},[44,26814,8949],{"class":66},[44,26816,63],{"class":62},[44,26818,1155],{"class":58},[44,26820,8956],{"class":206},[44,26822,8959],{"class":58},[44,26824,26825],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26826,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26828,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839,26841],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26830,26665],{"class":805},[44,26832,12895],{"class":50},[44,26834,1271],{"class":58},[44,26836,63],{"class":62},[44,26838,8949],{"class":66},[44,26840,63],{"class":62},[44,26842,3286],{"class":58},[44,26844,26845],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,26846,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26848,26849,26851,26853,26855,26857],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,26850,136],{"class":135},[44,26852,121],{"class":58},[44,26854,16953],{"class":117},[44,26856,144],{"class":58},[44,26858,26775],{"class":147},[20,26860,26861],{},"Difference:",[169,26863,26864,26869],{},[172,26865,26866,26868],{},[15,26867,12413],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[172,26870,26871,26873],{},[15,26872,26665],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26875,26876,26877,114],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[270,26878,12225],{"href":12224},[30,26880,26882,26883],{"id":26881},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26884,19330],{},[20,26886,26887],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[338,26889,26891],{"id":26890},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[35,26893,26895],{"className":37,"code":26894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26896,26897,26922,26926,26952,26956,26968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26898,26899,26901,26903,26905,26907,26909,26911,26913,26915,26918,26920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26900,11374],{"class":50},[44,26902,55],{"class":54},[44,26904,10141],{"class":58},[44,26906,63],{"class":62},[44,26908,7318],{"class":66},[44,26910,63],{"class":62},[44,26912,1155],{"class":58},[44,26914,75],{"class":62},[44,26916,26917],{"class":66},"Sara",[44,26919,63],{"class":62},[44,26921,8959],{"class":58},[44,26923,26924],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,26925,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26927,26928,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938,26940,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,26929,1380],{"class":50},[44,26931,55],{"class":54},[44,26933,11416],{"class":50},[44,26935,114],{"class":58},[44,26937,25881],{"class":117},[44,26939,121],{"class":58},[44,26941,63],{"class":62},[44,26943,8949],{"class":66},[44,26945,63],{"class":62},[44,26947,72],{"class":58},[44,26949,3503],{"class":3502},[44,26951,100],{"class":58},[44,26953,26954],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,26955,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,26957,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,26959,136],{"class":135},[44,26961,121],{"class":58},[44,26963,302],{"class":117},[44,26965,144],{"class":58},[44,26967,20203],{"class":147},[44,26969,26970,26972,26974,26976,26978],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,26971,136],{"class":135},[44,26973,121],{"class":58},[44,26975,11098],{"class":117},[44,26977,144],{"class":58},[44,26979,26980],{"class":147}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26982,26983],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[338,26985,26987],{"id":26986},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[35,26989,26991],{"className":37,"code":26990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26992,26993,27017,27021,27037,27060,27070,27076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,26994,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007,27009,27011,27013,27015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,26996,11374],{"class":50},[44,26998,55],{"class":54},[44,27000,10141],{"class":58},[44,27002,63],{"class":62},[44,27004,7318],{"class":66},[44,27006,63],{"class":62},[44,27008,1155],{"class":58},[44,27010,75],{"class":62},[44,27012,26917],{"class":66},[44,27014,63],{"class":62},[44,27016,8959],{"class":58},[44,27018,27019],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27020,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27022,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033,27035],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27024,806],{"class":805},[44,27026,75],{"class":62},[44,27028,8949],{"class":66},[44,27030,63],{"class":62},[44,27032,815],{"class":54},[44,27034,11416],{"class":50},[44,27036,820],{"class":58},[44,27038,27039,27042,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,27040,27041],{"class":50},"    value ",[44,27043,55],{"class":54},[44,27045,11416],{"class":50},[44,27047,114],{"class":58},[44,27049,25881],{"class":117},[44,27051,121],{"class":58},[44,27053,63],{"class":62},[44,27055,8949],{"class":66},[44,27057,63],{"class":62},[44,27059,100],{"class":58},[44,27061,27062,27064,27066,27068],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,27063,825],{"class":135},[44,27065,121],{"class":58},[44,27067,302],{"class":117},[44,27069,100],{"class":58},[44,27071,27072,27074],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,27073,848],{"class":805},[44,27075,820],{"class":58},[44,27077,27078,27080,27082,27084,27087,27089],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,27079,825],{"class":135},[44,27081,121],{"class":58},[44,27083,63],{"class":62},[44,27085,27086],{"class":66},"Key not found",[44,27088,63],{"class":62},[44,27090,100],{"class":58},[338,27092,27094,27095,27097],{"id":27093},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27096,10390],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[35,27099,27101],{"className":37,"code":27100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27102,27103,27127,27131,27157,27161,27173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27104,27105,27107,27109,27111,27113,27115,27117,27119,27121,27123,27125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27106,11374],{"class":50},[44,27108,55],{"class":54},[44,27110,10141],{"class":58},[44,27112,63],{"class":62},[44,27114,7318],{"class":66},[44,27116,63],{"class":62},[44,27118,1155],{"class":58},[44,27120,75],{"class":62},[44,27122,26917],{"class":66},[44,27124,63],{"class":62},[44,27126,8959],{"class":58},[44,27128,27129],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27130,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27132,27133,27135,27137,27139,27141,27143,27145,27147,27149,27151,27153,27155],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27134,1380],{"class":50},[44,27136,55],{"class":54},[44,27138,11416],{"class":50},[44,27140,114],{"class":58},[44,27142,19393],{"class":117},[44,27144,121],{"class":58},[44,27146,63],{"class":62},[44,27148,8949],{"class":66},[44,27150,63],{"class":62},[44,27152,72],{"class":58},[44,27154,3503],{"class":3502},[44,27156,100],{"class":58},[44,27158,27159],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,27160,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27162,27163,27165,27167,27169,27171],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,27164,136],{"class":135},[44,27166,121],{"class":58},[44,27168,302],{"class":117},[44,27170,144],{"class":58},[44,27172,20203],{"class":147},[44,27174,27175,27177,27179,27181,27183],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,27176,136],{"class":135},[44,27178,121],{"class":58},[44,27180,11098],{"class":117},[44,27182,144],{"class":58},[44,27184,26980],{"class":147},[20,27186,651,27187,27191,27192,114],{},[270,27188,27189],{"href":10386},[15,27190,26470],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[270,27193,10912],{"href":10724},[30,27195,4168],{"id":4167},[20,27197,27198,27199,114],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27200,12220],{},[338,27202,25414,27204,27206],{"id":27203},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27205,12413],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27208,27209],{},"Lists use indexes:",[35,27211,27213],{"className":37,"code":27212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27214,27215,27235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27216,27217,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27218,199],{"class":50},[44,27220,55],{"class":54},[44,27222,3273],{"class":58},[44,27224,207],{"class":206},[44,27226,72],{"class":58},[44,27228,212],{"class":206},[44,27230,72],{"class":58},[44,27232,217],{"class":206},[44,27234,3286],{"class":58},[44,27236,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27238,136],{"class":135},[44,27240,121],{"class":58},[44,27242,232],{"class":117},[44,27244,114],{"class":58},[44,27246,25881],{"class":117},[44,27248,121],{"class":58},[44,27250,1133],{"class":206},[44,27252,459],{"class":58},[44,27254,27255],{"class":147},"  # 20\n",[20,27257,27258],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[35,27260,27262],{"className":37,"code":27261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27263,27264,27300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27265,27266,27268,27270,27272,27274,27276,27278,27280,27282,27284,27286,27288,27290,27292,27294,27296,27298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27267,12852],{"class":50},[44,27269,55],{"class":54},[44,27271,10141],{"class":58},[44,27273,63],{"class":62},[44,27275,7318],{"class":66},[44,27277,63],{"class":62},[44,27279,1155],{"class":58},[44,27281,75],{"class":62},[44,27283,12531],{"class":66},[44,27285,63],{"class":62},[44,27287,72],{"class":58},[44,27289,75],{"class":62},[44,27291,8949],{"class":66},[44,27293,63],{"class":62},[44,27295,1155],{"class":58},[44,27297,8956],{"class":206},[44,27299,8959],{"class":58},[44,27301,27302,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27303,136],{"class":135},[44,27305,121],{"class":58},[44,27307,16953],{"class":117},[44,27309,114],{"class":58},[44,27311,25881],{"class":117},[44,27313,121],{"class":58},[44,27315,63],{"class":62},[44,27317,8949],{"class":66},[44,27319,63],{"class":62},[44,27321,459],{"class":58},[44,27323,27324],{"class":147},"  # 25\n",[20,27326,27327,27328,27330,27331,27333],{},"A dictionary does ",[367,27329,881],{}," use positions with ",[15,27332,12413],{},". It uses keys.",[338,27335,4353,27337,27339],{"id":27336},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27338,12413],{}," changes the original dictionary",[35,27341,27343],{"className":37,"code":27342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27344,27345,27377,27381,27403,27407,27419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27346,27347,27349,27351,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27371,27373,27375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27348,8816],{"class":50},[44,27350,55],{"class":54},[44,27352,10141],{"class":58},[44,27354,63],{"class":62},[44,27356,1823],{"class":66},[44,27358,63],{"class":62},[44,27360,1155],{"class":58},[44,27362,519],{"class":206},[44,27364,72],{"class":58},[44,27366,75],{"class":62},[44,27368,11395],{"class":66},[44,27370,63],{"class":62},[44,27372,1155],{"class":58},[44,27374,488],{"class":206},[44,27376,8959],{"class":58},[44,27378,27379],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27380,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27382,27383,27385,27387,27389,27391,27393,27395,27397,27399,27401],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27384,1380],{"class":50},[44,27386,55],{"class":54},[44,27388,14215],{"class":50},[44,27390,114],{"class":58},[44,27392,25881],{"class":117},[44,27394,121],{"class":58},[44,27396,63],{"class":62},[44,27398,1823],{"class":66},[44,27400,63],{"class":62},[44,27402,100],{"class":58},[44,27404,27405],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,27406,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27408,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,27410,136],{"class":135},[44,27412,121],{"class":58},[44,27414,302],{"class":117},[44,27416,144],{"class":58},[44,27418,148],{"class":147},[44,27420,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,27422,136],{"class":135},[44,27424,121],{"class":58},[44,27426,8855],{"class":117},[44,27428,144],{"class":58},[44,27430,27431],{"class":147},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27433,27434,27435,27437],{},"After ",[15,27436,12413],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[338,27439,895,27441,27443],{"id":27440},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27442,12413],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[35,27445,27447],{"className":37,"code":27446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27448,27449,27473,27477,27482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27450,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27452,8816],{"class":50},[44,27454,55],{"class":54},[44,27456,10141],{"class":58},[44,27458,63],{"class":62},[44,27460,7318],{"class":66},[44,27462,63],{"class":62},[44,27464,1155],{"class":58},[44,27466,75],{"class":62},[44,27468,7570],{"class":66},[44,27470,63],{"class":62},[44,27472,8959],{"class":58},[44,27474,27475],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27476,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27478,27479],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27480,27481],{"class":147},"# This causes an error\n",[44,27483,27484],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,27485,27486],{"class":147},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27488,27489],{},"Safer version:",[35,27491,27493],{"className":37,"code":27492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27494,27495,27519,27523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27496,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511,27513,27515,27517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27498,8816],{"class":50},[44,27500,55],{"class":54},[44,27502,10141],{"class":58},[44,27504,63],{"class":62},[44,27506,7318],{"class":66},[44,27508,63],{"class":62},[44,27510,1155],{"class":58},[44,27512,75],{"class":62},[44,27514,7570],{"class":66},[44,27516,63],{"class":62},[44,27518,8959],{"class":58},[44,27520,27521],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27522,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27524,27525,27527,27529,27531,27533,27535,27537,27539,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27526,136],{"class":135},[44,27528,121],{"class":58},[44,27530,8855],{"class":117},[44,27532,114],{"class":58},[44,27534,25881],{"class":117},[44,27536,121],{"class":58},[44,27538,63],{"class":62},[44,27540,8949],{"class":66},[44,27542,63],{"class":62},[44,27544,72],{"class":58},[44,27546,75],{"class":62},[44,27548,26413],{"class":66},[44,27550,63],{"class":62},[44,27552,459],{"class":58},[44,27554,26449],{"class":147},[338,27556,1312,27558,27560],{"id":27557},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27559,12413],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[35,27562,27564],{"className":37,"code":27563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27565,27566,27598,27602,27624,27628,27640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27567,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580,27582,27584,27586,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27569,8816],{"class":50},[44,27571,55],{"class":54},[44,27573,10141],{"class":58},[44,27575,63],{"class":62},[44,27577,270],{"class":66},[44,27579,63],{"class":62},[44,27581,1155],{"class":58},[44,27583,519],{"class":206},[44,27585,72],{"class":58},[44,27587,75],{"class":62},[44,27589,399],{"class":66},[44,27591,63],{"class":62},[44,27593,1155],{"class":58},[44,27595,488],{"class":206},[44,27597,8959],{"class":58},[44,27599,27600],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27601,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27603,27604,27606,27608,27610,27612,27614,27616,27618,27620,27622],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27605,604],{"class":50},[44,27607,55],{"class":54},[44,27609,14215],{"class":50},[44,27611,114],{"class":58},[44,27613,25881],{"class":117},[44,27615,121],{"class":58},[44,27617,63],{"class":62},[44,27619,270],{"class":66},[44,27621,63],{"class":62},[44,27623,100],{"class":58},[44,27625,27626],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,27627,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27629,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,27631,136],{"class":135},[44,27633,121],{"class":58},[44,27635,632],{"class":117},[44,27637,144],{"class":58},[44,27639,148],{"class":147},[44,27641,27642,27644,27646,27648,27650],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,27643,136],{"class":135},[44,27645,121],{"class":58},[44,27647,8855],{"class":117},[44,27649,144],{"class":58},[44,27651,27652],{"class":147},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27654,27655],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[30,27657,27659],{"id":27658},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27661,27662,27663,27665],{},"Problems with ",[15,27664,12220],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[169,27667,27668,27671,27680,27683],{},[172,27669,27670],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[172,27672,27673,27674,27677,27678],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27675,27676],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27679,25977],{},[172,27681,27682],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[172,27684,27685,27686,10742,27688],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27687,1133],{},[15,27689,27690],{},"\"1\"",[20,27692,27693],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[35,27695,27697],{"className":37,"code":27696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27698,27699,27723,27727,27757],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27700,27701,27703,27705,27707,27709,27711,27713,27715,27717,27719,27721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27702,8816],{"class":50},[44,27704,55],{"class":54},[44,27706,10141],{"class":58},[44,27708,63],{"class":62},[44,27710,1133],{"class":66},[44,27712,63],{"class":62},[44,27714,1155],{"class":58},[44,27716,75],{"class":62},[44,27718,6234],{"class":66},[44,27720,63],{"class":62},[44,27722,8959],{"class":58},[44,27724,27725],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27726,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,27728,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27750,27752,27754],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27730,136],{"class":135},[44,27732,121],{"class":58},[44,27734,8855],{"class":117},[44,27736,114],{"class":58},[44,27738,25881],{"class":117},[44,27740,121],{"class":58},[44,27742,1133],{"class":206},[44,27744,72],{"class":58},[44,27746,75],{"class":62},[44,27748,27749],{"class":66},"not found",[44,27751,63],{"class":62},[44,27753,459],{"class":58},[44,27755,27756],{"class":147},"    # not found\n",[44,27758,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,27760,136],{"class":135},[44,27762,121],{"class":58},[44,27764,8855],{"class":117},[44,27766,114],{"class":58},[44,27768,25881],{"class":117},[44,27770,121],{"class":58},[44,27772,63],{"class":62},[44,27774,1133],{"class":66},[44,27776,63],{"class":62},[44,27778,72],{"class":58},[44,27780,75],{"class":62},[44,27782,27749],{"class":66},[44,27784,63],{"class":62},[44,27786,459],{"class":58},[44,27788,27789],{"class":147},"  # one\n",[20,27791,27792,898,27794,27796],{},[15,27793,1133],{},[15,27795,27690],{}," are different keys.",[30,27798,8522],{"id":8521},[20,27800,8525,27801,27803],{},[15,27802,12413],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,27805,27807],{"className":37,"code":27806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27808,27809,27819,27833,27851,27881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,27810,27811,27813,27815,27817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,27812,136],{"class":135},[44,27814,121],{"class":58},[44,27816,11098],{"class":117},[44,27818,100],{"class":58},[44,27820,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,27822,136],{"class":135},[44,27824,121],{"class":58},[44,27826,11098],{"class":117},[44,27828,114],{"class":58},[44,27830,16571],{"class":117},[44,27832,6843],{"class":58},[44,27834,27835,27837,27839,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,27836,136],{"class":135},[44,27838,121],{"class":58},[44,27840,2948],{"class":62},[44,27842,7318],{"class":66},[44,27844,2948],{"class":62},[44,27846,815],{"class":805},[44,27848,11416],{"class":117},[44,27850,100],{"class":58},[44,27852,27853,27855,27857,27859,27861,27863,27865,27867,27869,27871,27873,27875,27877,27879],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,27854,136],{"class":135},[44,27856,121],{"class":58},[44,27858,11098],{"class":117},[44,27860,114],{"class":58},[44,27862,25881],{"class":117},[44,27864,121],{"class":58},[44,27866,2948],{"class":62},[44,27868,7318],{"class":66},[44,27870,2948],{"class":62},[44,27872,72],{"class":58},[44,27874,2943],{"class":62},[44,27876,26413],{"class":66},[44,27878,2948],{"class":62},[44,27880,244],{"class":58},[44,27882,27883,27885,27887,27889,27891,27893],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,27884,136],{"class":135},[44,27886,121],{"class":58},[44,27888,2868],{"class":2546},[44,27890,121],{"class":58},[44,27892,11098],{"class":117},[44,27894,244],{"class":58},[20,27896,20977],{},[169,27898,27899,27904,27909,27914,27920],{},[172,27900,27901,27903],{},[15,27902,12330],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[172,27905,27906,27908],{},[15,27907,20989],{}," shows all available keys",[172,27910,27911,27913],{},[15,27912,20995],{}," checks whether a key exists",[172,27915,27916,27919],{},[15,27917,27918],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[172,27921,27922,27924],{},[15,27923,12336],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27926,27927,27928,114],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[270,27929,9042],{"href":9041},[30,27931,1497],{"id":1496},[338,27933,27935,27936,27938],{"id":27934},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27937,12413],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27940,27941],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[338,27943,27945],{"id":27944},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27947,27948,26178,27950,27952,27953,27955],{},[15,27949,25977],{},[15,27951,19330],{},". ",[15,27954,25981],{}," returns the default value instead.",[338,27957,12355,27959,14545],{"id":27958},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27960,12413],{},[20,27962,27963],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[338,27965,27967,27968,27970],{"id":27966},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27969,12413],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27972,27973,27974,27976,27977,114],{},"Not with ",[15,27975,12220],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[270,27978,27979],{"href":12231},[15,27980,12420],{},[338,27982,4828,27984,898,27986,1547],{"id":27983},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27985,10390],{},[15,27987,12413],{},[20,27989,27990,27992,27993,27995],{},[15,27991,10390],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27994,12413],{}," reads and removes it.",[30,27997,1554],{"id":1553},[169,27999,28000,28006,28013,28017,28021,28025],{},[172,28001,28002],{},[270,28003,28004],{"href":10386},[15,28005,19311],{},[172,28007,28008],{},[270,28009,28010],{"href":12231},[15,28011,28012],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[172,28014,28015],{},[270,28016,12437],{"href":12224},[172,28018,28019],{},[270,28020,21098],{"href":16244},[172,28022,28023],{},[270,28024,10912],{"href":10724},[172,28026,28027],{},[270,28028,28030],{"href":28029},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1583,28032,28033],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":28035},[28036,28037,28039,28040,28041,28043,28050,28057,28067,28068,28069,28080],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":25988,"depth":103,"text":28038},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":26473,"depth":103,"text":28042},"When to use pop()",{"id":26660,"depth":103,"text":28044,"children":28045},"pop() vs del",[28046,28048],{"id":26675,"depth":132,"text":28047},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26778,"depth":132,"text":28049},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26881,"depth":103,"text":28051,"children":28052},"How to avoid KeyError",[28053,28054,28055],{"id":26890,"depth":132,"text":26891},{"id":26986,"depth":132,"text":26987},{"id":27093,"depth":132,"text":28056},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":28058},[28059,28061,28063,28065],{"id":27203,"depth":132,"text":28060},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27336,"depth":132,"text":28062},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27440,"depth":132,"text":28064},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27557,"depth":132,"text":28066},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27658,"depth":103,"text":27659},{"id":8521,"depth":103,"text":8522},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":28070},[28071,28073,28074,28076,28078],{"id":27934,"depth":132,"text":28072},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27944,"depth":132,"text":27945},{"id":27958,"depth":132,"text":28075},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27966,"depth":132,"text":28077},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27983,"depth":132,"text":28079},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25809,"description":28081},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28088,"title":28012,"body":28089,"description":30029,"extension":1616,"meta":30030,"navigation":434,"path":30031,"seo":30032,"stem":30033,"__hash__":30034},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28090,"toc":29993},[28091,28096,28101,28104,28112,28122,28124,28213,28217,28266,28271,28276,28280,28296,28299,28301,28316,28318,28334,28341,28345,28351,28360,28362,28431,28435,28456,28459,28478,28481,28504,28506,28509,28624,28628,28687,28694,28698,28704,28829,28833,28883,28886,28890,28897,28899,28962,28966,28987,28990,28999,29014,29022,29029,29033,29045,29049,29060,29062,29208,29212,29271,29278,29283,29287,29293,29316,29321,29340,29344,29415,29422,29495,29504,29509,29514,29525,29528,29665,29670,29702,29707,29709,29713,29773,29776,29833,29836,29879,29881,29886,29892,29898,29901,29908,29916,29921,29924,29931,29939,29941,29990],[10,28092,10968,28094,18],{"id":28093},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28095,12420],{},[20,28097,164,28098,28100],{},[15,28099,12420],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28102,28103],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[169,28105,28106,28109],{},[172,28107,28108],{},"remove an item",[172,28110,28111],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28113,28114,28115,28117,28118,28121],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28116,12420],{}," removes the ",[367,28119,28120],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[30,28123,33],{"id":32},[35,28125,28127],{"className":37,"code":28126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28128,28129,28173,28189,28193,28203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28130,28131,28133,28135,28137,28139,28141,28143,28145,28147,28149,28151,28153,28155,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28132,8816],{"class":50},[44,28134,55],{"class":54},[44,28136,10141],{"class":58},[44,28138,63],{"class":62},[44,28140,270],{"class":66},[44,28142,63],{"class":62},[44,28144,1155],{"class":58},[44,28146,519],{"class":206},[44,28148,72],{"class":58},[44,28150,75],{"class":62},[44,28152,399],{"class":66},[44,28154,63],{"class":62},[44,28156,1155],{"class":58},[44,28158,488],{"class":206},[44,28160,72],{"class":58},[44,28162,75],{"class":62},[44,28164,408],{"class":66},[44,28166,63],{"class":62},[44,28168,1155],{"class":58},[44,28170,524],{"class":206},[44,28172,8959],{"class":58},[44,28174,28175,28178,28180,28182,28184,28187],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28176,28177],{"class":50},"item ",[44,28179,55],{"class":54},[44,28181,14215],{"class":50},[44,28183,114],{"class":58},[44,28185,28186],{"class":117},"popitem",[44,28188,8292],{"class":58},[44,28190,28191],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,28192,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,28194,28195,28197,28199,28201],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,28196,136],{"class":135},[44,28198,121],{"class":58},[44,28200,22950],{"class":117},[44,28202,100],{"class":58},[44,28204,28205,28207,28209,28211],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,28206,136],{"class":135},[44,28208,121],{"class":58},[44,28210,8855],{"class":117},[44,28212,100],{"class":58},[20,28214,28215],{},[367,28216,247],{},[35,28218,28220],{"className":37,"code":28219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28221,28222,28238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28223,28224,28226,28228,28230,28232,28234,28236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28225,121],{"class":58},[44,28227,2948],{"class":62},[44,28229,408],{"class":66},[44,28231,2948],{"class":62},[44,28233,72],{"class":58},[44,28235,524],{"class":206},[44,28237,100],{"class":58},[44,28239,28240,28242,28244,28246,28248,28250,28252,28254,28256,28258,28260,28262,28264],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28241,8928],{"class":58},[44,28243,2948],{"class":62},[44,28245,270],{"class":66},[44,28247,2948],{"class":62},[44,28249,1155],{"class":58},[44,28251,519],{"class":206},[44,28253,72],{"class":58},[44,28255,2943],{"class":62},[44,28257,399],{"class":66},[44,28259,2948],{"class":62},[44,28261,1155],{"class":58},[44,28263,488],{"class":206},[44,28265,8959],{"class":58},[20,28267,28268,28270],{},[15,28269,12420],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[30,28272,158,28274,161],{"id":28273},"what-popitem-does",[15,28275,12420],{},[20,28277,28278,1155],{},[15,28279,12420],{},[169,28281,28282,28285,28290,28293],{},[172,28283,28284],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[172,28286,28287,28288],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28289,21295],{},[172,28291,28292],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[172,28294,28295],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28297,28298],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[30,28300,277],{"id":276},[35,28302,28304],{"className":37,"code":28303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28305,28306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28307,28308,28310,28312,28314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28309,15252],{"class":50},[44,28311,114],{"class":58},[44,28313,28186],{"class":117},[44,28315,8292],{"class":58},[20,28317,11107],{},[169,28319,28320,28328,28331],{},[172,28321,28322,28324,28325],{},[15,28323,12420],{}," takes ",[367,28326,28327],{},"no arguments",[172,28329,28330],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[172,28332,28333],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28335,28336,28337,6280],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[270,28338,28339],{"href":12217},[15,28340,12413],{},[30,28342,28344],{"id":28343},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28346,28347,28348,28350],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28349,12420],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28352,28353,28354,28357],"ol",{},[172,28355,28356],{},"the key",[172,28358,28359],{},"the value",[20,28361,189],{},[35,28363,28365],{"className":37,"code":28364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28366,28367,28403,28417,28421],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28368,28369,28371,28373,28375,28377,28379,28381,28383,28385,28387,28389,28391,28393,28395,28397,28399,28401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28370,12852],{"class":50},[44,28372,55],{"class":54},[44,28374,10141],{"class":58},[44,28376,63],{"class":62},[44,28378,7318],{"class":66},[44,28380,63],{"class":62},[44,28382,1155],{"class":58},[44,28384,75],{"class":62},[44,28386,4652],{"class":66},[44,28388,63],{"class":62},[44,28390,72],{"class":58},[44,28392,75],{"class":62},[44,28394,8949],{"class":66},[44,28396,63],{"class":62},[44,28398,1155],{"class":58},[44,28400,8956],{"class":206},[44,28402,8959],{"class":58},[44,28404,28405,28407,28409,28411,28413,28415],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28406,604],{"class":50},[44,28408,55],{"class":54},[44,28410,12895],{"class":50},[44,28412,114],{"class":58},[44,28414,28186],{"class":117},[44,28416,8292],{"class":58},[44,28418,28419],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,28420,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,28422,28423,28425,28427,28429],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,28424,136],{"class":135},[44,28426,121],{"class":58},[44,28428,632],{"class":117},[44,28430,100],{"class":58},[20,28432,28433],{},[367,28434,247],{},[35,28436,28438],{"className":37,"code":28437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28439,28440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28441,28442,28444,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28443,121],{"class":58},[44,28445,2948],{"class":62},[44,28447,8949],{"class":66},[44,28449,2948],{"class":62},[44,28451,72],{"class":58},[44,28453,8956],{"class":206},[44,28455,100],{"class":58},[20,28457,28458],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[35,28460,28462],{"className":37,"code":28461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28463,28464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28465,28466,28468,28470,28472,28474,28476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28467,604],{"class":50},[44,28469,55],{"class":54},[44,28471,12895],{"class":50},[44,28473,114],{"class":58},[44,28475,28186],{"class":117},[44,28477,8292],{"class":58},[20,28479,28480],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[35,28482,28484],{"className":37,"code":28483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28485,28486],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28487,28488,28490,28492,28494,28496,28498,28500,28502],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28489,14490],{"class":50},[44,28491,72],{"class":58},[44,28493,1449],{"class":50},[44,28495,55],{"class":54},[44,28497,12895],{"class":50},[44,28499,114],{"class":58},[44,28501,28186],{"class":117},[44,28503,8292],{"class":58},[30,28505,11124],{"id":11123},[20,28507,28508],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[35,28510,28512],{"className":37,"code":28511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28513,28514,28562,28566,28581,28585,28605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28515,28516,28518,28520,28522,28524,28527,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537,28539,28541,28543,28546,28548,28550,28553,28555,28557,28560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28517,4712],{"class":50},[44,28519,55],{"class":54},[44,28521,10141],{"class":58},[44,28523,63],{"class":62},[44,28525,28526],{"class":66},"Tom",[44,28528,63],{"class":62},[44,28530,1155],{"class":58},[44,28532,4724],{"class":206},[44,28534,72],{"class":58},[44,28536,75],{"class":62},[44,28538,12531],{"class":66},[44,28540,63],{"class":62},[44,28542,1155],{"class":58},[44,28544,28545],{"class":206}," 95",[44,28547,72],{"class":58},[44,28549,75],{"class":62},[44,28551,28552],{"class":66},"Leo",[44,28554,63],{"class":62},[44,28556,1155],{"class":58},[44,28558,28559],{"class":206}," 88",[44,28561,8959],{"class":58},[44,28563,28564],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28565,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,28567,28568,28571,28573,28575,28577,28579],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,28569,28570],{"class":50},"removed_pair ",[44,28572,55],{"class":54},[44,28574,4759],{"class":50},[44,28576,114],{"class":58},[44,28578,28186],{"class":117},[44,28580,8292],{"class":58},[44,28582,28583],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,28584,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,28586,28587,28589,28591,28593,28596,28598,28600,28603],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,28588,136],{"class":135},[44,28590,121],{"class":58},[44,28592,63],{"class":62},[44,28594,28595],{"class":66},"Removed:",[44,28597,63],{"class":62},[44,28599,72],{"class":58},[44,28601,28602],{"class":117}," removed_pair",[44,28604,100],{"class":58},[44,28606,28607,28609,28611,28613,28616,28618,28620,28622],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,28608,136],{"class":135},[44,28610,121],{"class":58},[44,28612,63],{"class":62},[44,28614,28615],{"class":66},"After removal:",[44,28617,63],{"class":62},[44,28619,72],{"class":58},[44,28621,4759],{"class":117},[44,28623,100],{"class":58},[20,28625,28626],{},[367,28627,247],{},[35,28629,28631],{"className":37,"code":28630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28632,28633,28654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28634,28635,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28636,28637],{"class":50},"Removed",[44,28639,1155],{"class":58},[44,28641,59],{"class":58},[44,28643,2948],{"class":62},[44,28645,28552],{"class":66},[44,28647,2948],{"class":62},[44,28649,72],{"class":58},[44,28651,28559],{"class":206},[44,28653,100],{"class":58},[44,28655,28656,28659,28661,28663,28665,28667,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28657,28658],{"class":50},"After removal",[44,28660,1155],{"class":58},[44,28662,10141],{"class":58},[44,28664,2948],{"class":62},[44,28666,28526],{"class":66},[44,28668,2948],{"class":62},[44,28670,1155],{"class":58},[44,28672,4724],{"class":206},[44,28674,72],{"class":58},[44,28676,2943],{"class":62},[44,28678,12531],{"class":66},[44,28680,2948],{"class":62},[44,28682,1155],{"class":58},[44,28684,28545],{"class":206},[44,28686,8959],{"class":58},[20,28688,28689,28690,28693],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28691,28692],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[30,28695,28697],{"id":28696},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28699,28700,28701,28703],{},"Because ",[15,28702,12420],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[35,28705,28707],{"className":37,"code":28706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28708,28709,28745,28749,28768,28772,28791,28810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28710,28711,28713,28715,28717,28719,28721,28723,28725,28727,28729,28731,28733,28735,28737,28739,28741,28743],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28712,15095],{"class":50},[44,28714,55],{"class":54},[44,28716,10141],{"class":58},[44,28718,63],{"class":62},[44,28720,15106],{"class":66},[44,28722,63],{"class":62},[44,28724,1155],{"class":58},[44,28726,75],{"class":62},[44,28728,15115],{"class":66},[44,28730,63],{"class":62},[44,28732,72],{"class":58},[44,28734,75],{"class":62},[44,28736,15126],{"class":66},[44,28738,63],{"class":62},[44,28740,1155],{"class":58},[44,28742,26547],{"class":206},[44,28744,8959],{"class":58},[44,28746,28747],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28748,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,28750,28751,28753,28755,28757,28759,28762,28764,28766],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,28752,14490],{"class":50},[44,28754,72],{"class":58},[44,28756,1449],{"class":50},[44,28758,55],{"class":54},[44,28760,28761],{"class":50}," book",[44,28763,114],{"class":58},[44,28765,28186],{"class":117},[44,28767,8292],{"class":58},[44,28769,28770],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,28771,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,28773,28774,28776,28778,28780,28783,28785,28787,28789],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,28775,136],{"class":135},[44,28777,121],{"class":58},[44,28779,63],{"class":62},[44,28781,28782],{"class":66},"Key:",[44,28784,63],{"class":62},[44,28786,72],{"class":58},[44,28788,21220],{"class":117},[44,28790,100],{"class":58},[44,28792,28793,28795,28797,28799,28802,28804,28806,28808],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,28794,136],{"class":135},[44,28796,121],{"class":58},[44,28798,63],{"class":62},[44,28800,28801],{"class":66},"Value:",[44,28803,63],{"class":62},[44,28805,72],{"class":58},[44,28807,8082],{"class":117},[44,28809,100],{"class":58},[44,28811,28812,28814,28816,28818,28821,28823,28825,28827],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,28813,136],{"class":135},[44,28815,121],{"class":58},[44,28817,63],{"class":62},[44,28819,28820],{"class":66},"Dictionary:",[44,28822,63],{"class":62},[44,28824,72],{"class":58},[44,28826,28761],{"class":117},[44,28828,100],{"class":58},[20,28830,28831],{},[367,28832,247],{},[35,28834,28836],{"className":37,"code":28835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28837,28838,28848,28858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28839,28840,28843,28845],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28841,28842],{"class":50},"Key",[44,28844,1155],{"class":58},[44,28846,28847],{"class":50}," pages\n",[44,28849,28850,28853,28855],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28851,28852],{"class":50},"Value",[44,28854,1155],{"class":58},[44,28856,28857],{"class":206}," 200\n",[44,28859,28860,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871,28873,28875,28877,28879,28881],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,28861,28862],{"class":50},"Dictionary",[44,28864,1155],{"class":58},[44,28866,10141],{"class":58},[44,28868,2948],{"class":62},[44,28870,15106],{"class":66},[44,28872,2948],{"class":62},[44,28874,1155],{"class":58},[44,28876,2943],{"class":62},[44,28878,15115],{"class":66},[44,28880,2948],{"class":62},[44,28882,8959],{"class":58},[20,28884,28885],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[30,28887,28889],{"id":28888},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28891,28892,28893,28117,28895,114],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28894,12420],{},[367,28896,28120],{},[20,28898,189],{},[35,28900,28902],{"className":37,"code":28901,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28903,28904,28948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28905,28906,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918,28920,28922,28924,28926,28928,28930,28932,28934,28936,28938,28940,28942,28944,28946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28907,8816],{"class":50},[44,28909,55],{"class":54},[44,28911,10141],{"class":58},[44,28913,63],{"class":62},[44,28915,1823],{"class":66},[44,28917,63],{"class":62},[44,28919,1155],{"class":58},[44,28921,519],{"class":206},[44,28923,72],{"class":58},[44,28925,75],{"class":62},[44,28927,11395],{"class":66},[44,28929,63],{"class":62},[44,28931,1155],{"class":58},[44,28933,488],{"class":206},[44,28935,72],{"class":58},[44,28937,75],{"class":62},[44,28939,21717],{"class":66},[44,28941,63],{"class":62},[44,28943,1155],{"class":58},[44,28945,524],{"class":206},[44,28947,8959],{"class":58},[44,28949,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958,28960],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,28951,136],{"class":135},[44,28953,121],{"class":58},[44,28955,8855],{"class":117},[44,28957,114],{"class":58},[44,28959,28186],{"class":117},[44,28961,6843],{"class":58},[20,28963,28964],{},[367,28965,247],{},[35,28967,28969],{"className":37,"code":28968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28970,28971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,28972,28973,28975,28977,28979,28981,28983,28985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,28974,121],{"class":58},[44,28976,2948],{"class":62},[44,28978,21717],{"class":66},[44,28980,2948],{"class":62},[44,28982,72],{"class":58},[44,28984,524],{"class":206},[44,28986,100],{"class":58},[20,28988,28989],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28991,28992,28993,28995,28996,28998],{},"As a beginner, do ",[367,28994,881],{}," think of ",[15,28997,12420],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29000,29001,29002,1134,29006,1138,29010,114],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[270,29003,29004],{"href":16721},[15,29005,16724],{},[270,29007,29008],{"href":16709},[15,29009,16712],{},[270,29011,29012],{"href":16715},[15,29013,16718],{},[30,29015,29017,29018,898,29020],{"id":29016},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29019,12420],{},[15,29021,12413],{},[20,29023,29024,898,29026,29028],{},[15,29025,12420],{},[15,29027,12413],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[338,29030,29031],{"id":28186},[15,29032,12420],{},[169,29034,29035,29038,29041],{},[172,29036,29037],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[172,29039,29040],{},"does not need a key argument",[172,29042,3341,29043],{},[15,29044,21295],{},[338,29046,29047],{"id":25881},[15,29048,12413],{},[169,29050,29051,29054,29057],{},[172,29052,29053],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[172,29055,29056],{},"needs the key name",[172,29058,29059],{},"returns only the value",[20,29061,189],{},[35,29063,29065],{"className":37,"code":29064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29066,29067,29111,29115,29129,29149,29153,29175,29194,29198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29068,29069,29071,29073,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085,29087,29089,29091,29093,29095,29097,29099,29101,29103,29105,29107,29109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29070,8816],{"class":50},[44,29072,55],{"class":54},[44,29074,10141],{"class":58},[44,29076,63],{"class":62},[44,29078,270],{"class":66},[44,29080,63],{"class":62},[44,29082,1155],{"class":58},[44,29084,519],{"class":206},[44,29086,72],{"class":58},[44,29088,75],{"class":62},[44,29090,399],{"class":66},[44,29092,63],{"class":62},[44,29094,1155],{"class":58},[44,29096,488],{"class":206},[44,29098,72],{"class":58},[44,29100,75],{"class":62},[44,29102,408],{"class":66},[44,29104,63],{"class":62},[44,29106,1155],{"class":58},[44,29108,524],{"class":206},[44,29110,8959],{"class":58},[44,29112,29113],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29114,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,29116,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29118,28177],{"class":50},[44,29120,55],{"class":54},[44,29122,14215],{"class":50},[44,29124,114],{"class":58},[44,29126,28186],{"class":117},[44,29128,8292],{"class":58},[44,29130,29131,29133,29135,29137,29140,29142,29144,29147],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,29132,136],{"class":135},[44,29134,121],{"class":58},[44,29136,63],{"class":62},[44,29138,29139],{"class":66},"popitem():",[44,29141,63],{"class":62},[44,29143,72],{"class":58},[44,29145,29146],{"class":117}," item",[44,29148,100],{"class":58},[44,29150,29151],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,29152,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,29154,29155,29157,29159,29161,29163,29165,29167,29169,29171,29173],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,29156,1380],{"class":50},[44,29158,55],{"class":54},[44,29160,14215],{"class":50},[44,29162,114],{"class":58},[44,29164,25881],{"class":117},[44,29166,121],{"class":58},[44,29168,63],{"class":62},[44,29170,270],{"class":66},[44,29172,63],{"class":62},[44,29174,100],{"class":58},[44,29176,29177,29179,29181,29183,29186,29188,29190,29192],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,29178,136],{"class":135},[44,29180,121],{"class":58},[44,29182,63],{"class":62},[44,29184,29185],{"class":66},"pop('a'):",[44,29187,63],{"class":62},[44,29189,72],{"class":58},[44,29191,8082],{"class":117},[44,29193,100],{"class":58},[44,29195,29196],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,29197,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,29199,29200,29202,29204,29206],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,29201,136],{"class":135},[44,29203,121],{"class":58},[44,29205,8855],{"class":117},[44,29207,100],{"class":58},[20,29209,29210],{},[367,29211,247],{},[35,29213,29215],{"className":37,"code":29214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29216,29217,29238,29255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29218,29219,29221,29224,29226,29228,29230,29232,29234,29236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29220,28186],{"class":117},[44,29222,29223],{"class":58},"():",[44,29225,59],{"class":58},[44,29227,2948],{"class":62},[44,29229,408],{"class":66},[44,29231,2948],{"class":62},[44,29233,72],{"class":58},[44,29235,524],{"class":206},[44,29237,100],{"class":58},[44,29239,29240,29242,29244,29246,29248,29250,29252],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29241,25881],{"class":117},[44,29243,121],{"class":58},[44,29245,2948],{"class":62},[44,29247,270],{"class":66},[44,29249,2948],{"class":62},[44,29251,16099],{"class":58},[44,29253,29254],{"class":206}," 1\n",[44,29256,29257,29259,29261,29263,29265,29267,29269],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29258,8928],{"class":58},[44,29260,2948],{"class":62},[44,29262,399],{"class":66},[44,29264,2948],{"class":62},[44,29266,1155],{"class":58},[44,29268,488],{"class":206},[44,29270,8959],{"class":58},[20,29272,651,29273,29277],{},[270,29274,29275],{"href":12217},[15,29276,12413],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29279,651,29280,29282],{},[15,29281,12420],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[30,29284,29286],{"id":29285},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29288,29289,29290,29292],{},"Calling ",[15,29291,12420],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[35,29294,29296],{"className":37,"code":29295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29297,29298,29306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29299,29300,29302,29304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29301,8816],{"class":50},[44,29303,55],{"class":54},[44,29305,9488],{"class":58},[44,29307,29308,29310,29312,29314],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29309,8855],{"class":50},[44,29311,114],{"class":58},[44,29313,28186],{"class":117},[44,29315,8292],{"class":58},[20,29317,29318],{},[367,29319,29320],{},"Error:",[35,29322,29324],{"className":37,"code":29323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29325,29326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29327,29328,29330,29332,29334,29337],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29329,19330],{"class":2546},[44,29331,1155],{"class":58},[44,29333,2943],{"class":62},[44,29335,29336],{"class":66},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[44,29338,29339],{"class":62},"'\n",[338,29341,29343],{"id":29342},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[35,29345,29347],{"className":37,"code":29346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29348,29349,29357,29361,29369,29384,29394,29400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29350,29351,29353,29355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29352,8816],{"class":50},[44,29354,55],{"class":54},[44,29356,9488],{"class":58},[44,29358,29359],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29360,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,29362,29363,29365,29367],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29364,806],{"class":805},[44,29366,14215],{"class":50},[44,29368,820],{"class":58},[44,29370,29371,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,29372,29373],{"class":50},"    item ",[44,29375,55],{"class":54},[44,29377,14215],{"class":50},[44,29379,114],{"class":58},[44,29381,28186],{"class":117},[44,29383,8292],{"class":58},[44,29385,29386,29388,29390,29392],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,29387,825],{"class":135},[44,29389,121],{"class":58},[44,29391,22950],{"class":117},[44,29393,100],{"class":58},[44,29395,29396,29398],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,29397,848],{"class":805},[44,29399,820],{"class":58},[44,29401,29402,29404,29406,29408,29411,29413],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,29403,825],{"class":135},[44,29405,121],{"class":58},[44,29407,63],{"class":62},[44,29409,29410],{"class":66},"Dictionary is empty",[44,29412,63],{"class":62},[44,29414,100],{"class":58},[338,29416,29418,29419],{"id":29417},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29420,29421],{},"try-except",[35,29423,29425],{"className":37,"code":29424,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29426,29427,29435,29439,29446,29460,29470,29480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29428,29429,29431,29433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29430,8816],{"class":50},[44,29432,55],{"class":54},[44,29434,9488],{"class":58},[44,29436,29437],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29438,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,29440,29441,29444],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29442,29443],{"class":805},"try",[44,29445,820],{"class":58},[44,29447,29448,29450,29452,29454,29456,29458],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,29449,29373],{"class":50},[44,29451,55],{"class":54},[44,29453,14215],{"class":50},[44,29455,114],{"class":58},[44,29457,28186],{"class":117},[44,29459,8292],{"class":58},[44,29461,29462,29464,29466,29468],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,29463,825],{"class":135},[44,29465,121],{"class":58},[44,29467,22950],{"class":117},[44,29469,100],{"class":58},[44,29471,29472,29475,29478],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,29473,29474],{"class":805},"except",[44,29476,29477],{"class":2546}," KeyError",[44,29479,820],{"class":58},[44,29481,29482,29484,29486,29488,29491,29493],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,29483,825],{"class":135},[44,29485,121],{"class":58},[44,29487,63],{"class":62},[44,29489,29490],{"class":66},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[44,29492,63],{"class":62},[44,29494,100],{"class":58},[20,29496,29497,29498,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[270,29499,25319,29501],{"href":29500},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29502,29503],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[30,29505,4609,29507],{"id":29506},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29508,12420],{},[20,29510,29511,29513],{},[15,29512,12420],{}," is useful when:",[169,29515,29516,29519,29522],{},[172,29517,29518],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[172,29520,29521],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[172,29523,29524],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29526,29527],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[35,29529,29531],{"className":37,"code":29530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29532,29533,29542,29562,29582,29600,29604,29608,29618,29637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29534,29535,29538,29540],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29536,29537],{"class":50},"tasks ",[44,29539,55],{"class":54},[44,29541,11142],{"class":58},[44,29543,29544,29546,29549,29551,29553,29555,29558,29560],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29545,11147],{"class":62},[44,29547,29548],{"class":66},"first",[44,29550,63],{"class":62},[44,29552,1155],{"class":58},[44,29554,75],{"class":62},[44,29556,29557],{"class":66},"wash dishes",[44,29559,63],{"class":62},[44,29561,11163],{"class":58},[44,29563,29564,29566,29569,29571,29573,29575,29578,29580],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29565,11147],{"class":62},[44,29567,29568],{"class":66},"second",[44,29570,63],{"class":62},[44,29572,1155],{"class":58},[44,29574,75],{"class":62},[44,29576,29577],{"class":66},"do homework",[44,29579,63],{"class":62},[44,29581,11163],{"class":58},[44,29583,29584,29586,29589,29591,29593,29595,29598],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,29585,11147],{"class":62},[44,29587,29588],{"class":66},"third",[44,29590,63],{"class":62},[44,29592,1155],{"class":58},[44,29594,75],{"class":62},[44,29596,29597],{"class":66},"read book",[44,29599,3007],{"class":62},[44,29601,29602],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,29603,8959],{"class":58},[44,29605,29606],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,29607,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,29609,29610,29613,29616],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,29611,29612],{"class":805},"while",[44,29614,29615],{"class":50}," tasks",[44,29617,820],{"class":58},[44,29619,29620,29623,29625,29627,29629,29631,29633,29635],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,29621,29622],{"class":50},"    key",[44,29624,72],{"class":58},[44,29626,1449],{"class":50},[44,29628,55],{"class":54},[44,29630,29615],{"class":50},[44,29632,114],{"class":58},[44,29634,28186],{"class":117},[44,29636,8292],{"class":58},[44,29638,29639,29641,29643,29645,29647,29649,29651,29653,29655,29657,29659,29661,29663],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,29640,825],{"class":135},[44,29642,121],{"class":58},[44,29644,21934],{"class":1716},[44,29646,63],{"class":66},[44,29648,8928],{"class":206},[44,29650,14490],{"class":117},[44,29652,21943],{"class":206},[44,29654,21946],{"class":66},[44,29656,8928],{"class":206},[44,29658,302],{"class":117},[44,29660,21943],{"class":206},[44,29662,63],{"class":66},[44,29664,100],{"class":58},[20,29666,29667],{},[367,29668,29669],{},"Possible output:",[35,29671,29673],{"className":37,"code":29672,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29674,29675,29684,29693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29676,29677,29679,29681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29678,29588],{"class":50},[44,29680,1155],{"class":58},[44,29682,29683],{"class":50}," read book\n",[44,29685,29686,29688,29690],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29687,29568],{"class":50},[44,29689,1155],{"class":58},[44,29691,29692],{"class":50}," do homework\n",[44,29694,29695,29697,29699],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29696,29548],{"class":50},[44,29698,1155],{"class":58},[44,29700,29701],{"class":50}," wash dishes\n",[20,29703,28700,29704,29706],{},[15,29705,12420],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[30,29708,1299],{"id":1298},[20,29710,14382,29711,1155],{},[15,29712,12420],{},[169,29714,29715,29729,29748,29759],{},[172,29716,29717,29722],{},[367,29718,29289,29719,29721],{},[15,29720,12420],{}," on an empty dictionary",[169,29723,29724],{},[172,29725,29726,29727,114],{},"This raises ",[15,29728,19330],{},[172,29730,29731,29736],{},[367,29732,1312,29733,29735],{},[15,29734,12420],{}," to remove a specific key",[169,29737,29738,29741],{},[172,29739,29740],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[172,29742,651,29743,29747],{},[270,29744,29745],{"href":12217},[15,29746,12413],{}," if you need that.",[172,29749,29750,29754],{},[367,29751,4353,29752,27339],{},[15,29753,12420],{},[169,29755,29756],{},[172,29757,29758],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[172,29760,29761,29764],{},[367,29762,29763],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[169,29765,29766],{},[172,29767,29768,21615,29770,29772],{},[15,29769,12420],{},[15,29771,21295],{}," tuple.",[20,29774,29775],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[35,29777,29779],{"className":37,"code":29778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29780,29781,29791,29805,29809,29823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29782,29783,29785,29787,29789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29784,136],{"class":135},[44,29786,121],{"class":58},[44,29788,11098],{"class":117},[44,29790,100],{"class":58},[44,29792,29793,29795,29797,29799,29801,29803],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29794,136],{"class":135},[44,29796,121],{"class":58},[44,29798,1365],{"class":135},[44,29800,121],{"class":58},[44,29802,11098],{"class":117},[44,29804,244],{"class":58},[44,29806,29807],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29808,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,29810,29811,29813,29815,29817,29819,29821],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,29812,28177],{"class":50},[44,29814,55],{"class":54},[44,29816,11416],{"class":50},[44,29818,114],{"class":58},[44,29820,28186],{"class":117},[44,29822,8292],{"class":58},[44,29824,29825,29827,29829,29831],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,29826,136],{"class":135},[44,29828,121],{"class":58},[44,29830,22950],{"class":117},[44,29832,100],{"class":58},[20,29834,29835],{},"Or with unpacking:",[35,29837,29839],{"className":37,"code":29838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29840,29841,29859,29869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,29842,29843,29845,29847,29849,29851,29853,29855,29857],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,29844,14490],{"class":50},[44,29846,72],{"class":58},[44,29848,1449],{"class":50},[44,29850,55],{"class":54},[44,29852,11416],{"class":50},[44,29854,114],{"class":58},[44,29856,28186],{"class":117},[44,29858,8292],{"class":58},[44,29860,29861,29863,29865,29867],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,29862,136],{"class":135},[44,29864,121],{"class":58},[44,29866,14490],{"class":117},[44,29868,100],{"class":58},[44,29870,29871,29873,29875,29877],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,29872,136],{"class":135},[44,29874,121],{"class":58},[44,29876,302],{"class":117},[44,29878,100],{"class":58},[30,29880,1497],{"id":1496},[338,29882,1501,29884,4793],{"id":29883},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29885,12420],{},[20,29887,29888,29889,114],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29890,29891],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[338,29893,12355,29895,29897],{"id":29894},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29896,12420],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29899,29900],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[338,29902,29904,29905,29907],{"id":29903},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29906,12420],{}," removes?",[20,29909,29910,29911,29915],{},"No. Use ",[270,29912,29913],{"href":12217},[15,29914,12413],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[338,29917,12355,29919,14545],{"id":29918},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29920,12420],{},[20,29922,29923],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[338,29925,29927,29928,29930],{"id":29926},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29929,12420],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29932,29933,29934,29936,29937,114],{},"It raises ",[15,29935,19330],{}," with the message ",[15,29938,29336],{},[30,29940,1554],{"id":1553},[169,29942,29943,29950,29956,29962,29968,29975,29979,29983],{},[172,29944,29945],{},[270,29946,29947,29949],{"href":12217},[15,29948,12413],{}," method for dictionaries",[172,29951,29952],{},[270,29953,29954,29949],{"href":16721},[15,29955,16724],{},[172,29957,29958],{},[270,29959,29960,29949],{"href":16709},[15,29961,16712],{},[172,29963,29964],{},[270,29965,29966,29949],{"href":16715},[15,29967,16718],{},[172,29969,29970],{},[270,29971,29973,29949],{"href":29972},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29974,10971],{},[172,29976,29977],{},[270,29978,12437],{"href":12224},[172,29980,29981],{},[270,29982,21098],{"href":16244},[172,29984,29985],{},[270,29986,29987,29988],{"href":29500},"Fix ",[15,29989,29503],{},[1583,29991,29992],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":29994},[29995,29996,29998,29999,30000,30001,30002,30003,30008,30013,30015,30016,30028],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":28273,"depth":103,"text":29997},"What popitem() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":28343,"depth":103,"text":28344},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":28696,"depth":103,"text":28697},{"id":28888,"depth":103,"text":28889},{"id":29016,"depth":103,"text":30004,"children":30005},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30006,30007],{"id":28186,"depth":132,"text":12420},{"id":25881,"depth":132,"text":12413},{"id":29285,"depth":103,"text":29286,"children":30009},[30010,30011],{"id":29342,"depth":132,"text":29343},{"id":29417,"depth":132,"text":30012},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29506,"depth":103,"text":30014},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":30017},[30018,30020,30022,30024,30026],{"id":29883,"depth":132,"text":30019},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29894,"depth":132,"text":30021},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29903,"depth":132,"text":30023},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29918,"depth":132,"text":30025},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29926,"depth":132,"text":30027},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28012,"description":30029},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30036,"title":30037,"body":30038,"description":31941,"extension":1616,"meta":31942,"navigation":434,"path":13681,"seo":31943,"stem":31944,"__hash__":31945},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30039,"toc":31913},[30040,30045,30050,30053,30055,30152,30157,30162,30167,30170,30178,30181,30196,30198,30298,30300,30357,30361,30363,30366,30386,30391,30402,30405,30432,30435,30437,30494,30496,30517,30523,30528,30531,30542,30544,30652,30654,30707,30709,30721,30728,30734,30739,30742,30830,30832,30877,30880,30888,30891,30894,30963,30966,30969,30973,30976,31047,31049,31102,31105,31108,31111,31126,31129,31141,31144,31207,31209,31215,31217,31219,31298,31300,31341,31343,31408,31410,31447,31452,31457,31461,31475,31478,31601,31603,31688,31693,31695,31699,31721,31724,31804,31807,31826,31831,31833,31839,31844,31850,31853,31859,31862,31868,31873,31879,31885,31887,31910],[10,30041,10968,30043,18],{"id":30042},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30044,14602],{},[20,30046,164,30047,30049],{},[15,30048,14602],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30051,30052],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[30,30054,33],{"id":32},[35,30056,30058],{"className":37,"code":30057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30059,30060,30096,30137,30147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30061,30062,30064,30066,30068,30070,30072,30074,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092,30094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30063,12852],{"class":50},[44,30065,55],{"class":54},[44,30067,10141],{"class":58},[44,30069,63],{"class":62},[44,30071,7318],{"class":66},[44,30073,63],{"class":62},[44,30075,1155],{"class":58},[44,30077,75],{"class":62},[44,30079,12531],{"class":66},[44,30081,63],{"class":62},[44,30083,72],{"class":58},[44,30085,75],{"class":62},[44,30087,8949],{"class":66},[44,30089,63],{"class":62},[44,30091,1155],{"class":58},[44,30093,212],{"class":206},[44,30095,8959],{"class":58},[44,30097,30098,30100,30102,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115,30118,30120,30122,30124,30126,30128,30130,30132,30134],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,30099,16953],{"class":50},[44,30101,114],{"class":58},[44,30103,30104],{"class":117},"update",[44,30106,5177],{"class":58},[44,30108,63],{"class":62},[44,30110,8949],{"class":66},[44,30112,63],{"class":62},[44,30114,1155],{"class":58},[44,30116,30117],{"class":206}," 21",[44,30119,72],{"class":58},[44,30121,75],{"class":62},[44,30123,10059],{"class":66},[44,30125,63],{"class":62},[44,30127,1155],{"class":58},[44,30129,75],{"class":62},[44,30131,15678],{"class":66},[44,30133,63],{"class":62},[44,30135,30136],{"class":58},"})\n",[44,30138,30139,30141,30143,30145],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30140,136],{"class":135},[44,30142,121],{"class":58},[44,30144,16953],{"class":117},[44,30146,100],{"class":58},[44,30148,30149],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,30150,30151],{"class":147},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30153,651,30154,30156],{},[15,30155,14602],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[30,30158,158,30160,161],{"id":30159},"what-update-does",[15,30161,14602],{},[20,30163,30164,30166],{},[15,30165,14602],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30168,30169],{},"It can do two main things:",[169,30171,30172,30175],{},[172,30173,30174],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[172,30176,30177],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30179,30180],{},"Important things to know:",[169,30182,30183,30186,30189,30193],{},[172,30184,30185],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[172,30187,30188],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[172,30190,4796,30191],{},[15,30192,3428],{},[172,30194,30195],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30197,189],{},[35,30199,30201],{"className":37,"code":30200,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30202,30203,30245,30288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30204,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30241,30243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30206,12514],{"class":50},[44,30208,55],{"class":54},[44,30210,10141],{"class":58},[44,30212,63],{"class":62},[44,30214,7318],{"class":66},[44,30216,63],{"class":62},[44,30218,1155],{"class":58},[44,30220,75],{"class":62},[44,30222,30223],{"class":66},"Mira",[44,30225,63],{"class":62},[44,30227,72],{"class":58},[44,30229,75],{"class":62},[44,30231,19534],{"class":66},[44,30233,63],{"class":62},[44,30235,1155],{"class":58},[44,30237,75],{"class":62},[44,30239,30240],{"class":66},"B",[44,30242,63],{"class":62},[44,30244,8959],{"class":58},[44,30246,30247,30249,30251,30253,30255,30257,30259,30261,30263,30265,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30284,30286],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,30248,13274],{"class":50},[44,30250,114],{"class":58},[44,30252,30104],{"class":117},[44,30254,5177],{"class":58},[44,30256,63],{"class":62},[44,30258,19534],{"class":66},[44,30260,63],{"class":62},[44,30262,1155],{"class":58},[44,30264,75],{"class":62},[44,30266,21885],{"class":66},[44,30268,63],{"class":62},[44,30270,72],{"class":58},[44,30272,75],{"class":62},[44,30274,10059],{"class":66},[44,30276,63],{"class":62},[44,30278,1155],{"class":58},[44,30280,75],{"class":62},[44,30282,30283],{"class":66},"Quito",[44,30285,63],{"class":62},[44,30287,30136],{"class":58},[44,30289,30290,30292,30294,30296],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30291,136],{"class":135},[44,30293,121],{"class":58},[44,30295,13274],{"class":117},[44,30297,100],{"class":58},[20,30299,247],{},[35,30301,30303],{"className":37,"code":30302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30304,30305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30306,30307,30309,30311,30313,30315,30317,30319,30321,30323,30325,30327,30329,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339,30341,30343,30345,30347,30349,30351,30353,30355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30308,8928],{"class":58},[44,30310,2948],{"class":62},[44,30312,7318],{"class":66},[44,30314,2948],{"class":62},[44,30316,1155],{"class":58},[44,30318,2943],{"class":62},[44,30320,30223],{"class":66},[44,30322,2948],{"class":62},[44,30324,72],{"class":58},[44,30326,2943],{"class":62},[44,30328,19534],{"class":66},[44,30330,2948],{"class":62},[44,30332,1155],{"class":58},[44,30334,2943],{"class":62},[44,30336,21885],{"class":66},[44,30338,2948],{"class":62},[44,30340,72],{"class":58},[44,30342,2943],{"class":62},[44,30344,10059],{"class":66},[44,30346,2948],{"class":62},[44,30348,1155],{"class":58},[44,30350,2943],{"class":62},[44,30352,30283],{"class":66},[44,30354,2948],{"class":62},[44,30356,8959],{"class":58},[20,30358,8802,30359,114],{},[270,30360,24268],{"href":9041},[30,30362,277],{"id":276},[20,30364,30365],{},"The basic form is:",[35,30367,30369],{"className":37,"code":30368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30370,30371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30372,30373,30375,30377,30379,30381,30384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30374,15252],{"class":50},[44,30376,114],{"class":58},[44,30378,30104],{"class":117},[44,30380,121],{"class":58},[44,30382,30383],{"class":117},"other",[44,30385,100],{"class":58},[20,30387,30388,30390],{},[15,30389,30383],{}," can be:",[169,30392,30393,30396,30399],{},[172,30394,30395],{},"Another dictionary",[172,30397,30398],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[172,30400,30401],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30403,30404],{},"You can also use:",[35,30406,30408],{"className":37,"code":30407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30409,30410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30411,30412,30414,30416,30418,30420,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30413,15252],{"class":50},[44,30415,114],{"class":58},[44,30417,30104],{"class":117},[44,30419,121],{"class":58},[44,30421,7318],{"class":8826},[44,30423,55],{"class":54},[44,30425,63],{"class":62},[44,30427,7327],{"class":66},[44,30429,63],{"class":62},[44,30431,100],{"class":58},[20,30433,30434],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30436,189],{},[35,30438,30440],{"className":37,"code":30439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30441,30442,30462,30484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30443,30444,30446,30448,30450,30452,30454,30456,30458,30460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30445,8816],{"class":50},[44,30447,55],{"class":54},[44,30449,10141],{"class":58},[44,30451,63],{"class":62},[44,30453,270],{"class":66},[44,30455,63],{"class":62},[44,30457,1155],{"class":58},[44,30459,519],{"class":206},[44,30461,8959],{"class":58},[44,30463,30464,30466,30468,30470,30472,30474,30476,30478,30480,30482],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,30465,8855],{"class":50},[44,30467,114],{"class":58},[44,30469,30104],{"class":117},[44,30471,5177],{"class":58},[44,30473,63],{"class":62},[44,30475,270],{"class":66},[44,30477,63],{"class":62},[44,30479,1155],{"class":58},[44,30481,934],{"class":206},[44,30483,30136],{"class":58},[44,30485,30486,30488,30490,30492],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30487,136],{"class":135},[44,30489,121],{"class":58},[44,30491,8855],{"class":117},[44,30493,100],{"class":58},[20,30495,247],{},[35,30497,30499],{"className":37,"code":30498,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30500,30501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30502,30503,30505,30507,30509,30511,30513,30515],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30504,8928],{"class":58},[44,30506,2948],{"class":62},[44,30508,270],{"class":66},[44,30510,2948],{"class":62},[44,30512,1155],{"class":58},[44,30514,934],{"class":206},[44,30516,8959],{"class":58},[30,30518,895,30520,30522],{"id":30519},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30521,14602],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30524,30525,30526,114],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30527,14602],{},[20,30529,30530],{},"It is useful when:",[169,30532,30533,30536,30539],{},[172,30534,30535],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[172,30537,30538],{},"Adding extra settings",[172,30540,30541],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30543,189],{},[35,30545,30547],{"className":37,"code":30546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30548,30549,30586,30623,30627,30642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30550,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30552,13474],{"class":50},[44,30554,55],{"class":54},[44,30556,10141],{"class":58},[44,30558,63],{"class":62},[44,30560,12145],{"class":66},[44,30562,63],{"class":62},[44,30564,1155],{"class":58},[44,30566,75],{"class":62},[44,30568,20570],{"class":66},[44,30570,63],{"class":62},[44,30572,72],{"class":58},[44,30574,75],{"class":62},[44,30576,13499],{"class":66},[44,30578,63],{"class":62},[44,30580,1155],{"class":58},[44,30582,30583],{"class":206}," 12",[44,30585,8959],{"class":58},[44,30587,30588,30591,30593,30595,30597,30599,30601,30603,30605,30607,30609,30611,30613,30615,30617,30619,30621],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,30589,30590],{"class":50},"new_settings ",[44,30592,55],{"class":54},[44,30594,10141],{"class":58},[44,30596,63],{"class":62},[44,30598,13499],{"class":66},[44,30600,63],{"class":62},[44,30602,1155],{"class":58},[44,30604,13506],{"class":206},[44,30606,72],{"class":58},[44,30608,75],{"class":62},[44,30610,19766],{"class":66},[44,30612,63],{"class":62},[44,30614,1155],{"class":58},[44,30616,75],{"class":62},[44,30618,19800],{"class":66},[44,30620,63],{"class":62},[44,30622,8959],{"class":58},[44,30624,30625],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30626,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,30628,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30640],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,30630,13533],{"class":50},[44,30632,114],{"class":58},[44,30634,30104],{"class":117},[44,30636,121],{"class":58},[44,30638,30639],{"class":117},"new_settings",[44,30641,100],{"class":58},[44,30643,30644,30646,30648,30650],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,30645,136],{"class":135},[44,30647,121],{"class":58},[44,30649,13533],{"class":117},[44,30651,100],{"class":58},[20,30653,247],{},[35,30655,30657],{"className":37,"code":30656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30658,30659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30660,30661,30663,30665,30667,30669,30671,30673,30675,30677,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30695,30697,30699,30701,30703,30705],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30662,8928],{"class":58},[44,30664,2948],{"class":62},[44,30666,12145],{"class":66},[44,30668,2948],{"class":62},[44,30670,1155],{"class":58},[44,30672,2943],{"class":62},[44,30674,20570],{"class":66},[44,30676,2948],{"class":62},[44,30678,72],{"class":58},[44,30680,2943],{"class":62},[44,30682,13499],{"class":66},[44,30684,2948],{"class":62},[44,30686,1155],{"class":58},[44,30688,13506],{"class":206},[44,30690,72],{"class":58},[44,30692,2943],{"class":62},[44,30694,19766],{"class":66},[44,30696,2948],{"class":62},[44,30698,1155],{"class":58},[44,30700,2943],{"class":62},[44,30702,19800],{"class":66},[44,30704,2948],{"class":62},[44,30706,8959],{"class":58},[20,30708,13057],{},[169,30710,30711,30716],{},[172,30712,30713,30715],{},[15,30714,13499],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[172,30717,30718,30720],{},[15,30719,19766],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30722,30723,30724,114],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[270,30725,30727],{"href":30726},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[30,30729,895,30731,30733],{"id":30730},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30732,14602],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30735,30736,30738],{},[15,30737,14602],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30740,30741],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[35,30743,30745],{"className":37,"code":30744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30746,30747,30767,30802,30806,30820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30748,30749,30751,30753,30755,30757,30759,30761,30763,30765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30750,4712],{"class":50},[44,30752,55],{"class":54},[44,30754,10141],{"class":58},[44,30756,63],{"class":62},[44,30758,18060],{"class":66},[44,30760,63],{"class":62},[44,30762,1155],{"class":58},[44,30764,19541],{"class":206},[44,30766,8959],{"class":58},[44,30768,30769,30771,30773,30775,30777,30779,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791,30794,30796,30798,30800],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,30770,8866],{"class":50},[44,30772,55],{"class":54},[44,30774,8871],{"class":58},[44,30776,63],{"class":62},[44,30778,18069],{"class":66},[44,30780,63],{"class":62},[44,30782,72],{"class":58},[44,30784,13155],{"class":206},[44,30786,8884],{"class":58},[44,30788,59],{"class":58},[44,30790,63],{"class":62},[44,30792,30793],{"class":66},"english",[44,30795,63],{"class":62},[44,30797,72],{"class":58},[44,30799,28559],{"class":206},[44,30801,8899],{"class":58},[44,30803,30804],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30805,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,30807,30808,30810,30812,30814,30816,30818],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,30809,16036],{"class":50},[44,30811,114],{"class":58},[44,30813,30104],{"class":117},[44,30815,121],{"class":58},[44,30817,8912],{"class":117},[44,30819,100],{"class":58},[44,30821,30822,30824,30826,30828],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,30823,136],{"class":135},[44,30825,121],{"class":58},[44,30827,16036],{"class":117},[44,30829,100],{"class":58},[20,30831,247],{},[35,30833,30835],{"className":37,"code":30834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30836,30837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30838,30839,30841,30843,30845,30847,30849,30851,30853,30855,30857,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30840,8928],{"class":58},[44,30842,2948],{"class":62},[44,30844,18060],{"class":66},[44,30846,2948],{"class":62},[44,30848,1155],{"class":58},[44,30850,19541],{"class":206},[44,30852,72],{"class":58},[44,30854,2943],{"class":62},[44,30856,18069],{"class":66},[44,30858,2948],{"class":62},[44,30860,1155],{"class":58},[44,30862,13155],{"class":206},[44,30864,72],{"class":58},[44,30866,2943],{"class":62},[44,30868,30793],{"class":66},[44,30870,2948],{"class":62},[44,30872,1155],{"class":58},[44,30874,28559],{"class":206},[44,30876,8959],{"class":58},[20,30878,30879],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[169,30881,30882,30885],{},[172,30883,30884],{},"The key",[172,30886,30887],{},"The value",[20,30889,30890],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30892,30893],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[35,30895,30897],{"className":37,"code":30896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30898,30899,30919,30944,30948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30900,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915,30917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30902,8816],{"class":50},[44,30904,55],{"class":54},[44,30906,10141],{"class":58},[44,30908,63],{"class":62},[44,30910,270],{"class":66},[44,30912,63],{"class":62},[44,30914,1155],{"class":58},[44,30916,519],{"class":206},[44,30918,8959],{"class":58},[44,30920,30921,30924,30926,30928,30930,30932,30934,30936,30938,30940,30942],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,30922,30923],{"class":50},"bad_pairs ",[44,30925,55],{"class":54},[44,30927,8871],{"class":58},[44,30929,63],{"class":62},[44,30931,399],{"class":66},[44,30933,63],{"class":62},[44,30935,72],{"class":58},[44,30937,488],{"class":206},[44,30939,72],{"class":58},[44,30941,524],{"class":206},[44,30943,8899],{"class":58},[44,30945,30946],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,30947,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,30949,30950,30952,30954,30956,30958,30961],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,30951,8855],{"class":50},[44,30953,114],{"class":58},[44,30955,30104],{"class":117},[44,30957,121],{"class":58},[44,30959,30960],{"class":117},"bad_pairs",[44,30962,100],{"class":58},[20,30964,30965],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30967,30968],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[30,30970,30972],{"id":30971},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30974,30975],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[35,30977,30979],{"className":37,"code":30978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30980,30981,31005,31037],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,30982,30983,30985,30987,30989,30991,30993,30995,30997,30999,31001,31003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,30984,11137],{"class":50},[44,30986,55],{"class":54},[44,30988,10141],{"class":58},[44,30990,63],{"class":62},[44,30992,7318],{"class":66},[44,30994,63],{"class":62},[44,30996,1155],{"class":58},[44,30998,75],{"class":62},[44,31000,28552],{"class":66},[44,31002,63],{"class":62},[44,31004,8959],{"class":58},[44,31006,31007,31009,31011,31013,31015,31017,31019,31021,31023,31026,31028,31030,31033,31035],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31008,11231],{"class":50},[44,31010,114],{"class":58},[44,31012,30104],{"class":117},[44,31014,121],{"class":58},[44,31016,8949],{"class":8826},[44,31018,55],{"class":54},[44,31020,8844],{"class":206},[44,31022,72],{"class":58},[44,31024,31025],{"class":8826}," city",[44,31027,55],{"class":54},[44,31029,63],{"class":62},[44,31031,31032],{"class":66},"Madrid",[44,31034,63],{"class":62},[44,31036,100],{"class":58},[44,31038,31039,31041,31043,31045],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31040,136],{"class":135},[44,31042,121],{"class":58},[44,31044,11231],{"class":117},[44,31046,100],{"class":58},[20,31048,247],{},[35,31050,31052],{"className":37,"code":31051,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31053,31054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31055,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076,31078,31080,31082,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31094,31096,31098,31100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31057,8928],{"class":58},[44,31059,2948],{"class":62},[44,31061,7318],{"class":66},[44,31063,2948],{"class":62},[44,31065,1155],{"class":58},[44,31067,2943],{"class":62},[44,31069,28552],{"class":66},[44,31071,2948],{"class":62},[44,31073,72],{"class":58},[44,31075,2943],{"class":62},[44,31077,8949],{"class":66},[44,31079,2948],{"class":62},[44,31081,1155],{"class":58},[44,31083,8956],{"class":206},[44,31085,72],{"class":58},[44,31087,2943],{"class":62},[44,31089,10059],{"class":66},[44,31091,2948],{"class":62},[44,31093,1155],{"class":58},[44,31095,2943],{"class":62},[44,31097,31032],{"class":66},[44,31099,2948],{"class":62},[44,31101,8959],{"class":58},[20,31103,31104],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31106,31107],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31109,31110],{},"These work:",[169,31112,31113,31117,31121],{},[172,31114,31115],{},[15,31116,8949],{},[172,31118,31119],{},[15,31120,10059],{},[172,31122,31123],{},[15,31124,31125],{},"first_name",[20,31127,31128],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[169,31130,31131,31136],{},[172,31132,31133],{},[15,31134,31135],{},"\"first name\"",[172,31137,31138],{},[15,31139,31140],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31142,31143],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[35,31145,31147],{"className":37,"code":31146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31148,31149,31157,31197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31150,31151,31153,31155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31152,11137],{"class":50},[44,31154,55],{"class":54},[44,31156,9488],{"class":58},[44,31158,31159,31161,31163,31165,31167,31169,31171,31173,31175,31177,31179,31181,31183,31185,31188,31190,31192,31195],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31160,11231],{"class":50},[44,31162,114],{"class":58},[44,31164,30104],{"class":117},[44,31166,5177],{"class":58},[44,31168,63],{"class":62},[44,31170,10163],{"class":66},[44,31172,63],{"class":62},[44,31174,1155],{"class":58},[44,31176,75],{"class":62},[44,31178,28552],{"class":66},[44,31180,63],{"class":62},[44,31182,72],{"class":58},[44,31184,75],{"class":62},[44,31186,31187],{"class":66},"user-id",[44,31189,63],{"class":62},[44,31191,1155],{"class":58},[44,31193,31194],{"class":206}," 1001",[44,31196,30136],{"class":58},[44,31198,31199,31201,31203,31205],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31200,136],{"class":135},[44,31202,121],{"class":58},[44,31204,11231],{"class":117},[44,31206,100],{"class":58},[30,31208,17063],{"id":17062},[20,31210,31211,2044,31213,114],{},[15,31212,14602],{},[15,31214,3428],{},[20,31216,13697],{},[20,31218,24348],{},[35,31220,31222],{"className":37,"code":31221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31223,31224,31248,31274,31278,31288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31225,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31227,12852],{"class":50},[44,31229,55],{"class":54},[44,31231,10141],{"class":58},[44,31233,63],{"class":62},[44,31235,7318],{"class":66},[44,31237,63],{"class":62},[44,31239,1155],{"class":58},[44,31241,75],{"class":62},[44,31243,12531],{"class":66},[44,31245,63],{"class":62},[44,31247,8959],{"class":58},[44,31249,31250,31252,31254,31256,31258,31260,31262,31264,31266,31268,31270,31272],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31251,604],{"class":50},[44,31253,55],{"class":54},[44,31255,12895],{"class":50},[44,31257,114],{"class":58},[44,31259,30104],{"class":117},[44,31261,5177],{"class":58},[44,31263,63],{"class":62},[44,31265,8949],{"class":66},[44,31267,63],{"class":62},[44,31269,1155],{"class":58},[44,31271,212],{"class":206},[44,31273,30136],{"class":58},[44,31275,31276],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31277,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,31279,31280,31282,31284,31286],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,31281,136],{"class":135},[44,31283,121],{"class":58},[44,31285,632],{"class":117},[44,31287,100],{"class":58},[44,31289,31290,31292,31294,31296],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,31291,136],{"class":135},[44,31293,121],{"class":58},[44,31295,16953],{"class":117},[44,31297,100],{"class":58},[20,31299,247],{},[35,31301,31303],{"className":37,"code":31302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31304,31305,31309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31306,31307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31308,11458],{"class":3502},[44,31310,31311,31313,31315,31317,31319,31321,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31312,8928],{"class":58},[44,31314,2948],{"class":62},[44,31316,7318],{"class":66},[44,31318,2948],{"class":62},[44,31320,1155],{"class":58},[44,31322,2943],{"class":62},[44,31324,12531],{"class":66},[44,31326,2948],{"class":62},[44,31328,72],{"class":58},[44,31330,2943],{"class":62},[44,31332,8949],{"class":66},[44,31334,2948],{"class":62},[44,31336,1155],{"class":58},[44,31338,212],{"class":206},[44,31340,8959],{"class":58},[20,31342,16303],{},[35,31344,31346],{"className":37,"code":31345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31347,31348,31372,31394,31398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31349,31350,31352,31354,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31351,12852],{"class":50},[44,31353,55],{"class":54},[44,31355,10141],{"class":58},[44,31357,63],{"class":62},[44,31359,7318],{"class":66},[44,31361,63],{"class":62},[44,31363,1155],{"class":58},[44,31365,75],{"class":62},[44,31367,12531],{"class":66},[44,31369,63],{"class":62},[44,31371,8959],{"class":58},[44,31373,31374,31376,31378,31380,31382,31384,31386,31388,31390,31392],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31375,16953],{"class":50},[44,31377,114],{"class":58},[44,31379,30104],{"class":117},[44,31381,5177],{"class":58},[44,31383,63],{"class":62},[44,31385,8949],{"class":66},[44,31387,63],{"class":62},[44,31389,1155],{"class":58},[44,31391,212],{"class":206},[44,31393,30136],{"class":58},[44,31395,31396],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31397,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,31399,31400,31402,31404,31406],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,31401,136],{"class":135},[44,31403,121],{"class":58},[44,31405,16953],{"class":117},[44,31407,100],{"class":58},[20,31409,247],{},[35,31411,31413],{"className":37,"code":31412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31414,31415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31416,31417,31419,31421,31423,31425,31427,31429,31431,31433,31435,31437,31439,31441,31443,31445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31418,8928],{"class":58},[44,31420,2948],{"class":62},[44,31422,7318],{"class":66},[44,31424,2948],{"class":62},[44,31426,1155],{"class":58},[44,31428,2943],{"class":62},[44,31430,12531],{"class":66},[44,31432,2948],{"class":62},[44,31434,72],{"class":58},[44,31436,2943],{"class":62},[44,31438,8949],{"class":66},[44,31440,2948],{"class":62},[44,31442,1155],{"class":58},[44,31444,212],{"class":206},[44,31446,8959],{"class":58},[20,31448,31449,31450,114],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[270,31451,17547],{"href":10381},[30,31453,4609,31455],{"id":31454},"when-to-use-update",[15,31456,14602],{},[20,31458,651,31459,654],{},[15,31460,14602],{},[169,31462,31463,31466,31469,31472],{},[172,31464,31465],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[172,31467,31468],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[172,31470,31471],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[172,31473,31474],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31476,31477],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[35,31479,31481],{"className":37,"code":31480,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31482,31483,31519,31534,31538,31577,31581,31591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31484,31485,31487,31489,31491,31493,31495,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31486,11736],{"class":50},[44,31488,55],{"class":54},[44,31490,10141],{"class":58},[44,31492,63],{"class":62},[44,31494,7318],{"class":66},[44,31496,63],{"class":62},[44,31498,1155],{"class":58},[44,31500,75],{"class":62},[44,31502,12531],{"class":66},[44,31504,63],{"class":62},[44,31506,72],{"class":58},[44,31508,75],{"class":62},[44,31510,8949],{"class":66},[44,31512,63],{"class":62},[44,31514,1155],{"class":58},[44,31516,212],{"class":206},[44,31518,8959],{"class":58},[44,31520,31521,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31522,31523],{"class":50},"updated ",[44,31525,55],{"class":54},[44,31527,11811],{"class":50},[44,31529,114],{"class":58},[44,31531,12562],{"class":117},[44,31533,8292],{"class":58},[44,31535,31536],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31537,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,31539,31540,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555,31557,31559,31561,31563,31565,31567,31569,31571,31573,31575],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,31541,31542],{"class":50},"updated",[44,31544,114],{"class":58},[44,31546,30104],{"class":117},[44,31548,5177],{"class":58},[44,31550,63],{"class":62},[44,31552,8949],{"class":66},[44,31554,63],{"class":62},[44,31556,1155],{"class":58},[44,31558,30117],{"class":206},[44,31560,72],{"class":58},[44,31562,75],{"class":62},[44,31564,10059],{"class":66},[44,31566,63],{"class":62},[44,31568,1155],{"class":58},[44,31570,75],{"class":62},[44,31572,15678],{"class":66},[44,31574,63],{"class":62},[44,31576,30136],{"class":58},[44,31578,31579],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,31580,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,31582,31583,31585,31587,31589],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,31584,136],{"class":135},[44,31586,121],{"class":58},[44,31588,11783],{"class":117},[44,31590,100],{"class":58},[44,31592,31593,31595,31597,31599],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,31594,136],{"class":135},[44,31596,121],{"class":58},[44,31598,31542],{"class":117},[44,31600,100],{"class":58},[20,31602,247],{},[35,31604,31606],{"className":37,"code":31605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31607,31608,31640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31609,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31611,8928],{"class":58},[44,31613,2948],{"class":62},[44,31615,7318],{"class":66},[44,31617,2948],{"class":62},[44,31619,1155],{"class":58},[44,31621,2943],{"class":62},[44,31623,12531],{"class":66},[44,31625,2948],{"class":62},[44,31627,72],{"class":58},[44,31629,2943],{"class":62},[44,31631,8949],{"class":66},[44,31633,2948],{"class":62},[44,31635,1155],{"class":58},[44,31637,212],{"class":206},[44,31639,8959],{"class":58},[44,31641,31642,31644,31646,31648,31650,31652,31654,31656,31658,31660,31662,31664,31666,31668,31670,31672,31674,31676,31678,31680,31682,31684,31686],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31643,8928],{"class":58},[44,31645,2948],{"class":62},[44,31647,7318],{"class":66},[44,31649,2948],{"class":62},[44,31651,1155],{"class":58},[44,31653,2943],{"class":62},[44,31655,12531],{"class":66},[44,31657,2948],{"class":62},[44,31659,72],{"class":58},[44,31661,2943],{"class":62},[44,31663,8949],{"class":66},[44,31665,2948],{"class":62},[44,31667,1155],{"class":58},[44,31669,30117],{"class":206},[44,31671,72],{"class":58},[44,31673,2943],{"class":62},[44,31675,10059],{"class":66},[44,31677,2948],{"class":62},[44,31679,1155],{"class":58},[44,31681,2943],{"class":62},[44,31683,15678],{"class":66},[44,31685,2948],{"class":62},[44,31687,8959],{"class":58},[20,31689,31690,31691,114],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[270,31692,16245],{"href":16244},[30,31694,1299],{"id":1298},[20,31696,10397,31697,1155],{},[15,31698,14602],{},[169,31700,31701,31708,31712,31715,31718],{},[172,31702,12245,31703,31705,31706],{},[15,31704,14602],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31707,3428],{},[172,31709,1312,31710,12253],{},[15,31711,14602],{},[172,31713,31714],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[172,31716,31717],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[172,31719,31720],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31722,31723],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[35,31725,31727],{"className":37,"code":31726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31728,31729,31739,31753,31767,31789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31730,31731,31733,31735,31737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31732,136],{"class":135},[44,31734,121],{"class":58},[44,31736,11098],{"class":117},[44,31738,100],{"class":58},[44,31740,31741,31743,31745,31747,31749,31751],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,31742,136],{"class":135},[44,31744,121],{"class":58},[44,31746,2868],{"class":2546},[44,31748,121],{"class":58},[44,31750,8855],{"class":117},[44,31752,244],{"class":58},[44,31754,31755,31757,31759,31761,31763,31765],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,31756,136],{"class":135},[44,31758,121],{"class":58},[44,31760,7742],{"class":2546},[44,31762,121],{"class":58},[44,31764,8855],{"class":117},[44,31766,244],{"class":58},[44,31768,31769,31771,31773,31775,31777,31779,31781,31783,31785,31787],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,31770,136],{"class":135},[44,31772,121],{"class":58},[44,31774,11098],{"class":117},[44,31776,114],{"class":58},[44,31778,19393],{"class":117},[44,31780,121],{"class":58},[44,31782,2948],{"class":62},[44,31784,14490],{"class":66},[44,31786,2948],{"class":62},[44,31788,244],{"class":58},[44,31790,31791,31794,31796,31798,31800,31802],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,31792,31793],{"class":135},"help",[44,31795,121],{"class":58},[44,31797,8471],{"class":2546},[44,31799,114],{"class":58},[44,31801,30104],{"class":24390},[44,31803,100],{"class":58},[20,31805,31806],{},"These can help you check:",[169,31808,31809,31812,31817,31820,31823],{},[172,31810,31811],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[172,31813,31814,31815],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31816,14602],{},[172,31818,31819],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[172,31821,31822],{},"Whether a key exists",[172,31824,31825],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31827,31828,31829,114],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[270,31830,10912],{"href":10724},[30,31832,1497],{"id":1496},[338,31834,12355,31836,31838],{"id":31835},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31837,14602],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31840,31841,31842,114],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31843,3428],{},[338,31845,12355,31847,31849],{"id":31846},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31848,14602],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31851,31852],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[338,31854,4818,31856,31858],{"id":31855},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31857,14602],{}," add new keys?",[20,31860,31861],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[338,31863,27967,31865,31867],{"id":31864},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31866,14602],{}," with a list?",[20,31869,31870,31871,114],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31872,10745],{},[338,31874,4828,31876,31878],{"id":31875},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31877,14602],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31880,31881,31882,31884],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31883,14602],{}," can change many keys at once.",[30,31886,1554],{"id":1553},[169,31888,31889,31893,31897,31902,31906],{},[172,31890,31891],{},[270,31892,25735],{"href":9041},[172,31894,31895],{},[270,31896,10901],{"href":10381},[172,31898,31899],{},[270,31900,31901],{"href":30726},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[172,31903,31904],{},[270,31905,21098],{"href":16244},[172,31907,31908],{},[270,31909,10912],{"href":10724},[1583,31911,31912],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":31914},[31915,31916,31918,31919,31921,31923,31924,31925,31927,31928,31940],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":30159,"depth":103,"text":31917},"What update() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":30519,"depth":103,"text":31920},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30730,"depth":103,"text":31922},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30971,"depth":103,"text":30972},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":31454,"depth":103,"text":31926},"When to use update()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":31929},[31930,31932,31934,31936,31938],{"id":31835,"depth":132,"text":31931},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31846,"depth":132,"text":31933},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31855,"depth":132,"text":31935},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31864,"depth":132,"text":31937},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31875,"depth":132,"text":31939},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30037,"description":31941},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31947,"title":31948,"body":31949,"description":33937,"extension":1616,"meta":33938,"navigation":434,"path":22534,"seo":33939,"stem":33940,"__hash__":33941},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31950,"toc":33900},[31951,31956,31963,31966,31968,32067,32069,32124,32129,32134,32148,32153,32155,32170,32172,32186,32199,32204,32210,32217,32219,32326,32328,32377,32383,32458,32460,32481,32483,32486,32591,32593,32648,32650,32678,32682,32687,32766,32768,32788,32790,32801,32811,32815,32820,32923,32925,32950,32953,32964,32969,32978,32981,32998,33000,33087,33089,33152,33154,33177,33179,33184,33190,33195,33197,33236,33242,33245,33264,33275,33281,33284,33357,33359,33378,33383,33386,33409,33415,33418,33482,33485,33562,33569,33572,33631,33637,33639,33658,33662,33665,33716,33719,33739,33741,33802,33804,33809,33814,33819,33824,33829,33834,33840,33843,33852,33860,33862,33897],[10,31952,10968,31954,18],{"id":31953},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31955,16718],{},[20,31957,31958,31959,31962],{},"The Python ",[15,31960,31961],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31964,31965],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[30,31967,33],{"id":32},[35,31969,31971],{"className":37,"code":31970,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31972,31973,32025,32039,32043,32053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,31974,31975,31977,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995,31997,31999,32001,32003,32005,32007,32009,32011,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,31976,12514],{"class":50},[44,31978,55],{"class":54},[44,31980,10141],{"class":58},[44,31982,63],{"class":62},[44,31984,7318],{"class":66},[44,31986,63],{"class":62},[44,31988,1155],{"class":58},[44,31990,75],{"class":62},[44,31992,12531],{"class":66},[44,31994,63],{"class":62},[44,31996,72],{"class":58},[44,31998,75],{"class":62},[44,32000,8949],{"class":66},[44,32002,63],{"class":62},[44,32004,1155],{"class":58},[44,32006,212],{"class":206},[44,32008,72],{"class":58},[44,32010,75],{"class":62},[44,32012,10059],{"class":66},[44,32014,63],{"class":62},[44,32016,1155],{"class":58},[44,32018,75],{"class":62},[44,32020,15678],{"class":66},[44,32022,63],{"class":62},[44,32024,8959],{"class":58},[44,32026,32027,32029,32031,32033,32035,32037],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32028,922],{"class":50},[44,32030,55],{"class":54},[44,32032,12557],{"class":50},[44,32034,114],{"class":58},[44,32036,962],{"class":117},[44,32038,8292],{"class":58},[44,32040,32041],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32042,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32044,32045,32047,32049,32051],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,32046,136],{"class":135},[44,32048,121],{"class":58},[44,32050,962],{"class":117},[44,32052,100],{"class":58},[44,32054,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,32056,136],{"class":135},[44,32058,121],{"class":58},[44,32060,7742],{"class":2546},[44,32062,121],{"class":58},[44,32064,962],{"class":117},[44,32066,244],{"class":58},[20,32068,247],{},[35,32070,32072],{"className":37,"code":32071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32073,32074,32100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32075,32076,32078,32080,32082,32084,32086,32088,32090,32092,32094,32096,32098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32077,16685],{"class":117},[44,32079,2631],{"class":58},[44,32081,2948],{"class":62},[44,32083,12531],{"class":66},[44,32085,2948],{"class":62},[44,32087,72],{"class":58},[44,32089,212],{"class":206},[44,32091,72],{"class":58},[44,32093,2943],{"class":62},[44,32095,15678],{"class":66},[44,32097,2948],{"class":62},[44,32099,3538],{"class":58},[44,32101,32102,32104,32106,32108,32110,32112,32114,32116,32118,32120,32122],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32103,1271],{"class":58},[44,32105,2948],{"class":62},[44,32107,12531],{"class":66},[44,32109,2948],{"class":62},[44,32111,72],{"class":58},[44,32113,212],{"class":206},[44,32115,72],{"class":58},[44,32117,2943],{"class":62},[44,32119,15678],{"class":66},[44,32121,2948],{"class":62},[44,32123,3286],{"class":58},[20,32125,32126,32128],{},[15,32127,16718],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[30,32130,158,32132,161],{"id":32131},"what-values-does",[15,32133,16718],{},[169,32135,32136,32139,32142,32145],{},[172,32137,32138],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[172,32140,32141],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[172,32143,32144],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[172,32146,32147],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32149,32150,32151,114],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[270,32152,9042],{"href":9041},[30,32154,277],{"id":276},[35,32156,32158],{"className":37,"code":32157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32159,32160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32161,32162,32164,32166,32168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32163,11098],{"class":50},[44,32165,114],{"class":58},[44,32167,962],{"class":117},[44,32169,8292],{"class":58},[20,32171,12703],{},[169,32173,32174,32178,32181],{},[172,32175,32176,11114],{},[15,32177,16718],{},[172,32179,32180],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[172,32182,32183,32184],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32185,16718],{},[20,32187,32188,32189,898,32194,114],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[270,32190,32191,32193],{"href":16709},[15,32192,16712],{}," for dictionary keys",[270,32195,32196,32198],{"href":16721},[15,32197,16724],{}," for key-value pairs",[30,32200,158,32202,11355],{"id":32201},"what-values-returns",[15,32203,16718],{},[20,32205,32206,21615,32208,24404],{},[15,32207,16718],{},[15,32209,16685],{},[20,32211,32212,32213,32216],{},"This object is a ",[367,32214,32215],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32218,189],{},[35,32220,32222],{"className":37,"code":32221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32223,32224,32260,32264,32279,32290,32294,32316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32225,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250,32252,32254,32256,32258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32227,12852],{"class":50},[44,32229,55],{"class":54},[44,32231,10141],{"class":58},[44,32233,63],{"class":62},[44,32235,7318],{"class":66},[44,32237,63],{"class":62},[44,32239,1155],{"class":58},[44,32241,75],{"class":62},[44,32243,7570],{"class":66},[44,32245,63],{"class":62},[44,32247,72],{"class":58},[44,32249,75],{"class":62},[44,32251,8949],{"class":66},[44,32253,63],{"class":62},[44,32255,1155],{"class":58},[44,32257,8956],{"class":206},[44,32259,8959],{"class":58},[44,32261,32262],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32263,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32265,32266,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32267,32268],{"class":50},"values_view ",[44,32270,55],{"class":54},[44,32272,12895],{"class":50},[44,32274,114],{"class":58},[44,32276,962],{"class":117},[44,32278,8292],{"class":58},[44,32280,32281,32283,32285,32288],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,32282,136],{"class":135},[44,32284,121],{"class":58},[44,32286,32287],{"class":117},"values_view",[44,32289,100],{"class":58},[44,32291,32292],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,32293,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32295,32296,32298,32300,32302,32304,32306,32308,32310,32312,32314],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,32297,16953],{"class":50},[44,32299,1271],{"class":58},[44,32301,63],{"class":62},[44,32303,10059],{"class":66},[44,32305,63],{"class":62},[44,32307,12921],{"class":58},[44,32309,12924],{"class":54},[44,32311,75],{"class":62},[44,32313,30283],{"class":66},[44,32315,3007],{"class":62},[44,32317,32318,32320,32322,32324],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,32319,136],{"class":135},[44,32321,121],{"class":58},[44,32323,32287],{"class":117},[44,32325,100],{"class":58},[20,32327,247],{},[35,32329,32331],{"className":37,"code":32330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32332,32333,32351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32334,32335,32337,32339,32341,32343,32345,32347,32349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32336,16685],{"class":117},[44,32338,2631],{"class":58},[44,32340,2948],{"class":62},[44,32342,7570],{"class":66},[44,32344,2948],{"class":62},[44,32346,72],{"class":58},[44,32348,8956],{"class":206},[44,32350,3538],{"class":58},[44,32352,32353,32355,32357,32359,32361,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32354,16685],{"class":117},[44,32356,2631],{"class":58},[44,32358,2948],{"class":62},[44,32360,7570],{"class":66},[44,32362,2948],{"class":62},[44,32364,72],{"class":58},[44,32366,8956],{"class":206},[44,32368,72],{"class":58},[44,32370,2943],{"class":62},[44,32372,30283],{"class":66},[44,32374,2948],{"class":62},[44,32376,3538],{"class":58},[20,32378,32379,32380,114],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32381,32382],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[35,32384,32386],{"className":37,"code":32385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32387,32388,32424,32443,32447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32389,32390,32392,32394,32396,32398,32400,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414,32416,32418,32420,32422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32391,12852],{"class":50},[44,32393,55],{"class":54},[44,32395,10141],{"class":58},[44,32397,63],{"class":62},[44,32399,7318],{"class":66},[44,32401,63],{"class":62},[44,32403,1155],{"class":58},[44,32405,75],{"class":62},[44,32407,7570],{"class":66},[44,32409,63],{"class":62},[44,32411,72],{"class":58},[44,32413,75],{"class":62},[44,32415,8949],{"class":66},[44,32417,63],{"class":62},[44,32419,1155],{"class":58},[44,32421,8956],{"class":206},[44,32423,8959],{"class":58},[44,32425,32426,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437,32439,32441],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32427,32428],{"class":50},"values_list ",[44,32430,55],{"class":54},[44,32432,22199],{"class":2546},[44,32434,121],{"class":58},[44,32436,16953],{"class":117},[44,32438,114],{"class":58},[44,32440,962],{"class":117},[44,32442,6843],{"class":58},[44,32444,32445],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32446,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32448,32449,32451,32453,32456],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,32450,136],{"class":135},[44,32452,121],{"class":58},[44,32454,32455],{"class":117},"values_list",[44,32457,100],{"class":58},[20,32459,247],{},[35,32461,32463],{"className":37,"code":32462,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32464,32465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32466,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32468,1271],{"class":58},[44,32470,2948],{"class":62},[44,32472,7570],{"class":66},[44,32474,2948],{"class":62},[44,32476,72],{"class":58},[44,32478,8956],{"class":206},[44,32480,3286],{"class":58},[30,32482,11124],{"id":11123},[20,32484,32485],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[35,32487,32489],{"className":37,"code":32488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32490,32491,32545,32549,32563,32567,32577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32492,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501,32503,32505,32507,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519,32521,32523,32526,32528,32530,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32494,24436],{"class":50},[44,32496,55],{"class":54},[44,32498,10141],{"class":58},[44,32500,63],{"class":62},[44,32502,24445],{"class":66},[44,32504,63],{"class":62},[44,32506,1155],{"class":58},[44,32508,75],{"class":62},[44,32510,24454],{"class":66},[44,32512,63],{"class":62},[44,32514,72],{"class":58},[44,32516,75],{"class":62},[44,32518,24463],{"class":66},[44,32520,63],{"class":62},[44,32522,1155],{"class":58},[44,32524,32525],{"class":206}," 2022",[44,32527,72],{"class":58},[44,32529,75],{"class":62},[44,32531,32532],{"class":66},"color",[44,32534,63],{"class":62},[44,32536,1155],{"class":58},[44,32538,75],{"class":62},[44,32540,78],{"class":66},[44,32542,63],{"class":62},[44,32544,8959],{"class":58},[44,32546,32547],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32548,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32550,32551,32553,32555,32557,32559,32561],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32552,604],{"class":50},[44,32554,55],{"class":54},[44,32556,24485],{"class":50},[44,32558,114],{"class":58},[44,32560,962],{"class":117},[44,32562,8292],{"class":58},[44,32564,32565],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,32566,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32568,32569,32571,32573,32575],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,32570,136],{"class":135},[44,32572,121],{"class":58},[44,32574,632],{"class":117},[44,32576,100],{"class":58},[44,32578,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,32580,136],{"class":135},[44,32582,121],{"class":58},[44,32584,7742],{"class":2546},[44,32586,121],{"class":58},[44,32588,632],{"class":117},[44,32590,244],{"class":58},[20,32592,247],{},[35,32594,32596],{"className":37,"code":32595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32597,32598,32624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32599,32600,32602,32604,32606,32608,32610,32612,32614,32616,32618,32620,32622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32601,16685],{"class":117},[44,32603,2631],{"class":58},[44,32605,2948],{"class":62},[44,32607,24454],{"class":66},[44,32609,2948],{"class":62},[44,32611,72],{"class":58},[44,32613,32525],{"class":206},[44,32615,72],{"class":58},[44,32617,2943],{"class":62},[44,32619,78],{"class":66},[44,32621,2948],{"class":62},[44,32623,3538],{"class":58},[44,32625,32626,32628,32630,32632,32634,32636,32638,32640,32642,32644,32646],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32627,1271],{"class":58},[44,32629,2948],{"class":62},[44,32631,24454],{"class":66},[44,32633,2948],{"class":62},[44,32635,72],{"class":58},[44,32637,32525],{"class":206},[44,32639,72],{"class":58},[44,32641,2943],{"class":62},[44,32643,78],{"class":66},[44,32645,2948],{"class":62},[44,32647,3286],{"class":58},[20,32649,11333],{},[169,32651,32652,32658,32664,32672],{},[172,32653,32654,32657],{},[15,32655,32656],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[172,32659,32660,32663],{},[15,32661,32662],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[172,32665,32666,32669,32670,24257],{},[15,32667,32668],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32671,16685],{},[172,32673,32674,32677],{},[15,32675,32676],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[30,32679,32681],{"id":32680},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32683,32684,32685,25704],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32686,5606],{},[35,32688,32690],{"className":37,"code":32689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32691,32692,32736,32740,32756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32693,32694,32696,32698,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712,32714,32716,32718,32720,32722,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732,32734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32695,4712],{"class":50},[44,32697,55],{"class":54},[44,32699,10141],{"class":58},[44,32701,63],{"class":62},[44,32703,18060],{"class":66},[44,32705,63],{"class":62},[44,32707,1155],{"class":58},[44,32709,19541],{"class":206},[44,32711,72],{"class":58},[44,32713,75],{"class":62},[44,32715,30793],{"class":66},[44,32717,63],{"class":62},[44,32719,1155],{"class":58},[44,32721,13155],{"class":206},[44,32723,72],{"class":58},[44,32725,75],{"class":62},[44,32727,18069],{"class":66},[44,32729,63],{"class":62},[44,32731,1155],{"class":58},[44,32733,28559],{"class":206},[44,32735,8959],{"class":58},[44,32737,32738],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32739,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32741,32742,32744,32746,32748,32750,32752,32754],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32743,5606],{"class":805},[44,32745,1449],{"class":50},[44,32747,1383],{"class":805},[44,32749,4759],{"class":50},[44,32751,114],{"class":58},[44,32753,962],{"class":117},[44,32755,21235],{"class":58},[44,32757,32758,32760,32762,32764],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,32759,825],{"class":135},[44,32761,121],{"class":58},[44,32763,302],{"class":117},[44,32765,100],{"class":58},[20,32767,247],{},[35,32769,32771],{"className":37,"code":32770,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32772,32773,32778,32783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32774,32775],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32776,32777],{"class":206},"90\n",[44,32779,32780],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32781,32782],{"class":206},"85\n",[44,32784,32785],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32786,32787],{"class":206},"88\n",[20,32789,17353],{},[169,32791,32792,32795,32798],{},[172,32793,32794],{},"You only need the values",[172,32796,32797],{},"You do not care about the keys",[172,32799,32800],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32802,32803,32804,2522,32808,114],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[270,32805,10387,32806,1180],{"href":16721},[15,32807,16724],{},[270,32809,22115],{"href":32810},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[30,32812,32814],{"id":32813},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32816,651,32817,32819],{},[15,32818,32382],{}," when you need a list.",[35,32821,32823],{"className":37,"code":32822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32824,32825,32870,32874,32894,32898,32909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32826,32827,32830,32832,32834,32836,32838,32840,32842,32844,32846,32848,32850,32852,32854,32856,32858,32860,32862,32864,32866,32868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32828,32829],{"class":50},"fruit_prices ",[44,32831,55],{"class":54},[44,32833,10141],{"class":58},[44,32835,63],{"class":62},[44,32837,1209],{"class":66},[44,32839,63],{"class":62},[44,32841,1155],{"class":58},[44,32843,488],{"class":206},[44,32845,72],{"class":58},[44,32847,75],{"class":62},[44,32849,1218],{"class":66},[44,32851,63],{"class":62},[44,32853,1155],{"class":58},[44,32855,519],{"class":206},[44,32857,72],{"class":58},[44,32859,75],{"class":62},[44,32861,1227],{"class":66},[44,32863,63],{"class":62},[44,32865,1155],{"class":58},[44,32867,524],{"class":206},[44,32869,8959],{"class":58},[44,32871,32872],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32873,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32875,32876,32879,32881,32883,32885,32888,32890,32892],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,32877,32878],{"class":50},"price_list ",[44,32880,55],{"class":54},[44,32882,22199],{"class":2546},[44,32884,121],{"class":58},[44,32886,32887],{"class":117},"fruit_prices",[44,32889,114],{"class":58},[44,32891,962],{"class":117},[44,32893,6843],{"class":58},[44,32895,32896],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,32897,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,32899,32900,32902,32904,32907],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,32901,136],{"class":135},[44,32903,121],{"class":58},[44,32905,32906],{"class":117},"price_list",[44,32908,100],{"class":58},[44,32910,32911,32913,32915,32917,32919,32921],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,32912,136],{"class":135},[44,32914,121],{"class":58},[44,32916,32906],{"class":117},[44,32918,1271],{"class":58},[44,32920,186],{"class":206},[44,32922,3538],{"class":58},[20,32924,247],{},[35,32926,32928],{"className":37,"code":32927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32929,32930,32946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,32931,32932,32934,32936,32938,32940,32942,32944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,32933,1271],{"class":58},[44,32935,1137],{"class":206},[44,32937,72],{"class":58},[44,32939,519],{"class":206},[44,32941,72],{"class":58},[44,32943,524],{"class":206},[44,32945,3286],{"class":58},[44,32947,32948],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,32949,1121],{"class":206},[20,32951,32952],{},"This is helpful for:",[169,32954,32955,32958,32961],{},[172,32956,32957],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[172,32959,32960],{},"Accessing values by index",[172,32962,32963],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32965,3574,32966,32968],{},[15,32967,16685],{}," is not the same as a list.",[30,32970,32972,10236,32974,10236,32976],{"id":32971},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32973,16718],{},[15,32975,16712],{},[15,32977,16724],{},[20,32979,32980],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[169,32982,32983,32988,32993],{},[172,32984,32985,32987],{},[15,32986,16718],{}," returns only the values",[172,32989,32990,32992],{},[15,32991,16712],{}," returns only the keys",[172,32994,32995,32997],{},[15,32996,16724],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32999,1776],{},[35,33001,33003],{"className":37,"code":33002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33004,33005,33041,33045,33059,33073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33006,33007,33009,33011,33013,33015,33017,33019,33021,33023,33025,33027,33029,33031,33033,33035,33037,33039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33008,12514],{"class":50},[44,33010,55],{"class":54},[44,33012,10141],{"class":58},[44,33014,63],{"class":62},[44,33016,7318],{"class":66},[44,33018,63],{"class":62},[44,33020,1155],{"class":58},[44,33022,75],{"class":62},[44,33024,12531],{"class":66},[44,33026,63],{"class":62},[44,33028,72],{"class":58},[44,33030,75],{"class":62},[44,33032,8949],{"class":66},[44,33034,63],{"class":62},[44,33036,1155],{"class":58},[44,33038,212],{"class":206},[44,33040,8959],{"class":58},[44,33042,33043],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33044,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,33046,33047,33049,33051,33053,33055,33057],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33048,136],{"class":135},[44,33050,121],{"class":58},[44,33052,13274],{"class":117},[44,33054,114],{"class":58},[44,33056,16571],{"class":117},[44,33058,6843],{"class":58},[44,33060,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,33062,136],{"class":135},[44,33064,121],{"class":58},[44,33066,13274],{"class":117},[44,33068,114],{"class":58},[44,33070,962],{"class":117},[44,33072,6843],{"class":58},[44,33074,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,33076,136],{"class":135},[44,33078,121],{"class":58},[44,33080,13274],{"class":117},[44,33082,114],{"class":58},[44,33084,7458],{"class":117},[44,33086,6843],{"class":58},[20,33088,247],{},[35,33090,33092],{"className":37,"code":33091,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33093,33094,33116,33134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33095,33096,33098,33100,33102,33104,33106,33108,33110,33112,33114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33097,16662],{"class":117},[44,33099,2631],{"class":58},[44,33101,2948],{"class":62},[44,33103,7318],{"class":66},[44,33105,2948],{"class":62},[44,33107,72],{"class":58},[44,33109,2943],{"class":62},[44,33111,8949],{"class":66},[44,33113,2948],{"class":62},[44,33115,3538],{"class":58},[44,33117,33118,33120,33122,33124,33126,33128,33130,33132],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33119,16685],{"class":117},[44,33121,2631],{"class":58},[44,33123,2948],{"class":62},[44,33125,12531],{"class":66},[44,33127,2948],{"class":62},[44,33129,72],{"class":58},[44,33131,212],{"class":206},[44,33133,3538],{"class":58},[44,33135,33136,33138,33140,33142,33144,33146,33148,33150],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33137,21548],{"class":117},[44,33139,9308],{"class":58},[44,33141,2948],{"class":62},[44,33143,7318],{"class":66},[44,33145,2948],{"class":62},[44,33147,72],{"class":58},[44,33149,212],{"class":206},[44,33151,10329],{"class":58},[20,33153,18338],{},[169,33155,33156,33163,33170],{},[172,33157,33158,33162],{},[270,33159,33160],{"href":16709},[15,33161,16712],{}," when you need just the keys",[172,33164,33165,33169],{},[270,33166,33167],{"href":16715},[15,33168,16718],{}," when you need just the values",[172,33171,33172,33176],{},[270,33173,33174],{"href":16721},[15,33175,16724],{}," when you need both",[30,33178,4168],{"id":4167},[20,33180,33181,33182,114],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33183,16718],{},[338,33185,29289,33187,33189],{"id":33186},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33188,16718],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33191,33192,33194],{},[15,33193,16718],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33196,16291],{},[35,33198,33200],{"className":37,"code":33199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33201,33202,33222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33203,33204,33206,33208,33210,33212,33214,33216,33218,33220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33205,7957],{"class":50},[44,33207,55],{"class":54},[44,33209,3273],{"class":58},[44,33211,1133],{"class":206},[44,33213,72],{"class":58},[44,33215,488],{"class":206},[44,33217,72],{"class":58},[44,33219,524],{"class":206},[44,33221,3286],{"class":58},[44,33223,33224,33226,33228,33230,33232,33234],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33225,136],{"class":135},[44,33227,121],{"class":58},[44,33229,7988],{"class":117},[44,33231,114],{"class":58},[44,33233,962],{"class":117},[44,33235,6843],{"class":58},[20,33237,33238,33239,33241],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33240,16718],{}," method.",[20,33243,33244],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[35,33246,33248],{"className":37,"code":33247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33249,33250],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33251,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33253,136],{"class":135},[44,33255,121],{"class":58},[44,33257,2868],{"class":2546},[44,33259,121],{"class":58},[44,33261,7988],{"class":117},[44,33263,244],{"class":58},[20,33265,33266,33267,33269,33270,114],{},"If you get an ",[15,33268,25311],{},", see ",[270,33271,25319,33272,33274],{"href":25318},[15,33273,25322],{}," errors",[338,33276,4229,33278,33280],{"id":33277},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33279,16718],{}," returns a list",[20,33282,33283],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[35,33285,33287],{"className":37,"code":33286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33288,33289,33325,33339,33343],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33290,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33317,33319,33321,33323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33292,12514],{"class":50},[44,33294,55],{"class":54},[44,33296,10141],{"class":58},[44,33298,63],{"class":62},[44,33300,7318],{"class":66},[44,33302,63],{"class":62},[44,33304,1155],{"class":58},[44,33306,75],{"class":62},[44,33308,12531],{"class":66},[44,33310,63],{"class":62},[44,33312,72],{"class":58},[44,33314,75],{"class":62},[44,33316,8949],{"class":66},[44,33318,63],{"class":62},[44,33320,1155],{"class":58},[44,33322,212],{"class":206},[44,33324,8959],{"class":58},[44,33326,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335,33337],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33328,922],{"class":50},[44,33330,55],{"class":54},[44,33332,12557],{"class":50},[44,33334,114],{"class":58},[44,33336,962],{"class":117},[44,33338,8292],{"class":58},[44,33340,33341],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33342,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,33344,33345,33347,33349,33351,33353,33355],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,33346,136],{"class":135},[44,33348,121],{"class":58},[44,33350,2868],{"class":2546},[44,33352,121],{"class":58},[44,33354,962],{"class":117},[44,33356,244],{"class":58},[20,33358,247],{},[35,33360,33362],{"className":37,"code":33361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33363,33364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33365,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33367,2937],{"class":54},[44,33369,2940],{"class":1716},[44,33371,2943],{"class":62},[44,33373,16685],{"class":66},[44,33375,2948],{"class":62},[44,33377,2951],{"class":54},[20,33379,4796,33380,33382],{},[15,33381,16685],{},", not a list.",[20,33384,33385],{},"If you need a list:",[35,33387,33389],{"className":37,"code":33388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33390,33391],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33392,33393,33395,33397,33399,33401,33403,33405,33407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33394,922],{"class":50},[44,33396,55],{"class":54},[44,33398,22199],{"class":2546},[44,33400,121],{"class":58},[44,33402,13274],{"class":117},[44,33404,114],{"class":58},[44,33406,962],{"class":117},[44,33408,6843],{"class":58},[338,33410,33412,33413],{"id":33411},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33414,16685],{},[20,33416,33417],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[35,33419,33421],{"className":37,"code":33420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33422,33423,33459,33473,33477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33424,33425,33427,33429,33431,33433,33435,33437,33439,33441,33443,33445,33447,33449,33451,33453,33455,33457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33426,12514],{"class":50},[44,33428,55],{"class":54},[44,33430,10141],{"class":58},[44,33432,63],{"class":62},[44,33434,7318],{"class":66},[44,33436,63],{"class":62},[44,33438,1155],{"class":58},[44,33440,75],{"class":62},[44,33442,12531],{"class":66},[44,33444,63],{"class":62},[44,33446,72],{"class":58},[44,33448,75],{"class":62},[44,33450,8949],{"class":66},[44,33452,63],{"class":62},[44,33454,1155],{"class":58},[44,33456,212],{"class":206},[44,33458,8959],{"class":58},[44,33460,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33462,922],{"class":50},[44,33464,55],{"class":54},[44,33466,12557],{"class":50},[44,33468,114],{"class":58},[44,33470,962],{"class":117},[44,33472,8292],{"class":58},[44,33474,33475],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33476,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,33478,33479],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,33480,33481],{"class":147},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33483,33484],{},"Convert to a list first:",[35,33486,33488],{"className":37,"code":33487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33489,33490,33526,33544,33548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33491,33492,33494,33496,33498,33500,33502,33504,33506,33508,33510,33512,33514,33516,33518,33520,33522,33524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33493,12514],{"class":50},[44,33495,55],{"class":54},[44,33497,10141],{"class":58},[44,33499,63],{"class":62},[44,33501,7318],{"class":66},[44,33503,63],{"class":62},[44,33505,1155],{"class":58},[44,33507,75],{"class":62},[44,33509,12531],{"class":66},[44,33511,63],{"class":62},[44,33513,72],{"class":58},[44,33515,75],{"class":62},[44,33517,8949],{"class":66},[44,33519,63],{"class":62},[44,33521,1155],{"class":58},[44,33523,212],{"class":206},[44,33525,8959],{"class":58},[44,33527,33528,33530,33532,33534,33536,33538,33540,33542],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33529,922],{"class":50},[44,33531,55],{"class":54},[44,33533,22199],{"class":2546},[44,33535,121],{"class":58},[44,33537,13274],{"class":117},[44,33539,114],{"class":58},[44,33541,962],{"class":117},[44,33543,6843],{"class":58},[44,33545,33546],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33547,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,33549,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,33551,136],{"class":135},[44,33553,121],{"class":58},[44,33555,962],{"class":117},[44,33557,1271],{"class":58},[44,33559,186],{"class":206},[44,33561,3538],{"class":58},[338,33563,895,33565,10742,33567],{"id":33564},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33566,962],{},[15,33568,16718],{},[20,33570,33571],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[35,33573,33575],{"className":37,"code":33574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33576,33577,33613,33617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33578,33579,33581,33583,33585,33587,33589,33591,33593,33595,33597,33599,33601,33603,33605,33607,33609,33611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33580,12514],{"class":50},[44,33582,55],{"class":54},[44,33584,10141],{"class":58},[44,33586,63],{"class":62},[44,33588,7318],{"class":66},[44,33590,63],{"class":62},[44,33592,1155],{"class":58},[44,33594,75],{"class":62},[44,33596,12531],{"class":66},[44,33598,63],{"class":62},[44,33600,72],{"class":58},[44,33602,75],{"class":62},[44,33604,8949],{"class":66},[44,33606,63],{"class":62},[44,33608,1155],{"class":58},[44,33610,212],{"class":206},[44,33612,8959],{"class":58},[44,33614,33615],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33616,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,33618,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33620,136],{"class":135},[44,33622,121],{"class":58},[44,33624,13274],{"class":117},[44,33626,114],{"class":58},[44,33628,962],{"class":24390},[44,33630,100],{"class":58},[20,33632,33633,33636],{},[15,33634,33635],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33638,18338],{},[35,33640,33642],{"className":37,"code":33641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33643,33644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33645,33646,33648,33650,33652,33654,33656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33647,136],{"class":135},[44,33649,121],{"class":58},[44,33651,13274],{"class":117},[44,33653,114],{"class":58},[44,33655,962],{"class":117},[44,33657,6843],{"class":58},[338,33659,33661],{"id":33660},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33663,33664],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[35,33666,33668],{"className":37,"code":33667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33669,33670,33702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33671,33672,33674,33676,33678,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690,33692,33694,33696,33698,33700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33673,8816],{"class":50},[44,33675,55],{"class":54},[44,33677,10141],{"class":58},[44,33679,63],{"class":62},[44,33681,270],{"class":66},[44,33683,63],{"class":62},[44,33685,1155],{"class":58},[44,33687,519],{"class":206},[44,33689,72],{"class":58},[44,33691,75],{"class":62},[44,33693,399],{"class":66},[44,33695,63],{"class":62},[44,33697,1155],{"class":58},[44,33699,488],{"class":206},[44,33701,8959],{"class":58},[44,33703,33704,33706,33708,33710,33712,33714],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33705,136],{"class":135},[44,33707,121],{"class":58},[44,33709,8855],{"class":117},[44,33711,114],{"class":58},[44,33713,962],{"class":117},[44,33715,6843],{"class":58},[20,33717,33718],{},"Not like this:",[35,33720,33722],{"className":37,"code":33721,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33723,33724,33729,33734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33725,33726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33727,33728],{"class":147},"# Wrong examples:\n",[44,33730,33731],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33732,33733],{"class":147},"# data().values()\n",[44,33735,33736],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33737,33738],{"class":147},"# values(data)\n",[20,33740,2988],{},[35,33742,33744],{"className":37,"code":33743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33745,33746,33760,33770,33784],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33747,33748,33750,33752,33754,33756,33758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33749,136],{"class":135},[44,33751,121],{"class":58},[44,33753,2868],{"class":2546},[44,33755,121],{"class":58},[44,33757,11098],{"class":117},[44,33759,244],{"class":58},[44,33761,33762,33764,33766,33768],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,33763,136],{"class":135},[44,33765,121],{"class":58},[44,33767,11098],{"class":117},[44,33769,100],{"class":58},[44,33771,33772,33774,33776,33778,33780,33782],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,33773,136],{"class":135},[44,33775,121],{"class":58},[44,33777,11098],{"class":117},[44,33779,114],{"class":58},[44,33781,962],{"class":117},[44,33783,6843],{"class":58},[44,33785,33786,33788,33790,33792,33794,33796,33798,33800],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,33787,136],{"class":135},[44,33789,121],{"class":58},[44,33791,7742],{"class":2546},[44,33793,121],{"class":58},[44,33795,11098],{"class":117},[44,33797,114],{"class":58},[44,33799,962],{"class":117},[44,33801,5938],{"class":58},[30,33803,1497],{"id":1496},[338,33805,1501,33807,4793],{"id":33806},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33808,31961],{},[20,33810,17066,33811,33813],{},[15,33812,16685],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[338,33815,12355,33817,23571],{"id":33816},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33818,16718],{},[20,33820,23574,33821,23578],{},[15,33822,33823],{},"list(...)",[338,33825,25696,33827,1547],{"id":33826},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33828,31961],{},[20,33830,33831,33832,25704],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33833,5606],{},[338,33835,12355,33837,33839],{"id":33836},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33838,31961],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33841,33842],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[338,33844,33846,33847,33849,33850,1547],{"id":33845},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33848,16718],{}," different from ",[15,33851,16724],{},[20,33853,33854,33856,33857,33859],{},[15,33855,16718],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33858,16724],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[30,33861,1554],{"id":1553},[169,33863,33864,33870,33876,33880,33886,33890],{},[172,33865,33866],{},[270,33867,10387,33868,1180],{"href":16709},[15,33869,16712],{},[172,33871,33872],{},[270,33873,10387,33874,1180],{"href":16721},[15,33875,16724],{},[172,33877,33878],{},[270,33879,10892],{"href":9041},[172,33881,33882],{},[270,33883,33885],{"href":33884},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[172,33887,33888],{},[270,33889,23656],{"href":32810},[172,33891,33892],{},[270,33893,29987,33894],{"href":25318},[15,33895,33896],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1583,33898,33899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":33901},[33902,33903,33905,33906,33908,33909,33910,33911,33913,33924,33936],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":32131,"depth":103,"text":33904},"What values() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":32201,"depth":103,"text":33907},"What values() returns",{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":32680,"depth":103,"text":32681},{"id":32813,"depth":103,"text":32814},{"id":32971,"depth":103,"text":33912},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":33914},[33915,33917,33919,33921,33923],{"id":33186,"depth":132,"text":33916},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33277,"depth":132,"text":33918},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33411,"depth":132,"text":33920},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33564,"depth":132,"text":33922},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33660,"depth":132,"text":33661},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":33925},[33926,33928,33930,33932,33934],{"id":33806,"depth":132,"text":33927},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33816,"depth":132,"text":33929},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33826,"depth":132,"text":33931},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33836,"depth":132,"text":33933},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33845,"depth":132,"text":33935},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31948,"description":33937},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33943,"title":33944,"body":33945,"description":35376,"extension":1616,"meta":35377,"navigation":434,"path":35378,"seo":35379,"stem":35380,"__hash__":35381},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33946,"toc":35328},[33947,33953,33958,33961,33977,33986,33988,34020,34026,34029,34124,34127,34132,34137,34140,34151,34153,34167,34173,34175,34180,34186,34189,34228,34236,34241,34244,34289,34292,34304,34310,34316,34320,34353,34356,34374,34377,34381,34420,34422,34442,34445,34457,34462,34468,34471,34526,34529,34540,34543,34554,34557,34561,34567,34569,34599,34602,34617,34620,34623,34642,34645,34661,34670,34672,34703,34709,34714,34717,34724,34755,34758,34780,34783,34786,34800,34804,34835,34850,34857,34864,34868,34876,34880,34888,34891,34940,34951,34953,34956,34962,34967,34977,34981,34984,34987,34991,34994,34996,35017,35021,35027,35038,35044,35046,35052,35076,35079,35142,35145,35173,35176,35238,35240,35245,35248,35255,35263,35270,35273,35281,35287,35289,35316,35325],[10,33948,3225,33950,3229],{"id":33949},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33951,33952],{},"dir()",[20,33954,31958,33955,33957],{},[15,33956,33952],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33959,33960],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[169,33962,33963,33966,33969,33974],{},[172,33964,33965],{},"learning Python",[172,33967,33968],{},"exploring a new object",[172,33970,33971,33972],{},"debugging an ",[15,33973,25311],{},[172,33975,33976],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33978,33979,33980,33982,33983],{},"In short, ",[15,33981,33952],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[367,33984,33985],{},"“What can I use here?”",[30,33987,33],{"id":32},[35,33989,33991],{"className":37,"code":33990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33992,33993,34005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,33994,33995,33997,33999,34001,34003],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,33996,7525],{"class":50},[44,33998,55],{"class":54},[44,34000,75],{"class":62},[44,34002,3495],{"class":66},[44,34004,3007],{"class":62},[44,34006,34007,34009,34011,34014,34016,34018],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34008,136],{"class":135},[44,34010,121],{"class":58},[44,34012,34013],{"class":135},"dir",[44,34015,121],{"class":58},[44,34017,7318],{"class":117},[44,34019,244],{"class":58},[20,34021,651,34022,34025],{},[15,34023,34024],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34027,34028],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[35,34030,34032],{"className":37,"code":34031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34033,34034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34035,34036,34038,34040,34043,34045,34047,34049,34052,34054,34056,34058,34061,34063,34065,34067,34070,34072,34074,34076,34079,34081,34083,34085,34088,34090,34092,34096,34098,34100,34102,34104,34106,34108,34111,34113,34115,34117,34120,34122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34037,1271],{"class":58},[44,34039,2948],{"class":62},[44,34041,34042],{"class":66},"__add__",[44,34044,2948],{"class":62},[44,34046,72],{"class":58},[44,34048,2943],{"class":62},[44,34050,34051],{"class":66},"__class__",[44,34053,2948],{"class":62},[44,34055,72],{"class":58},[44,34057,2943],{"class":62},[44,34059,34060],{"class":66},"__contains__",[44,34062,2948],{"class":62},[44,34064,72],{"class":58},[44,34066,2943],{"class":62},[44,34068,34069],{"class":66},"__delattr__",[44,34071,2948],{"class":62},[44,34073,72],{"class":58},[44,34075,2943],{"class":62},[44,34077,34078],{"class":66},"__dir__",[44,34080,2948],{"class":62},[44,34082,72],{"class":58},[44,34084,2943],{"class":62},[44,34086,34087],{"class":66},"__doc__",[44,34089,2948],{"class":62},[44,34091,72],{"class":58},[44,34093,34095],{"class":34094},"s_hVV"," ...",[44,34097,72],{"class":58},[44,34099,2943],{"class":62},[44,34101,8289],{"class":66},[44,34103,2948],{"class":62},[44,34105,72],{"class":58},[44,34107,2943],{"class":62},[44,34109,34110],{"class":66},"split",[44,34112,2948],{"class":62},[44,34114,72],{"class":58},[44,34116,2943],{"class":62},[44,34118,34119],{"class":66},"upper",[44,34121,2948],{"class":62},[44,34123,3286],{"class":58},[20,34125,34126],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[30,34128,158,34130,161],{"id":34129},"what-dir-does",[15,34131,33952],{},[20,34133,34134,34136],{},[15,34135,33952],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34138,34139],{},"It usually includes:",[169,34141,34142,34145,34148],{},[172,34143,34144],{},"attributes",[172,34146,34147],{},"methods",[172,34149,34150],{},"special Python names",[20,34152,11107],{},[169,34154,34155,34161,34164],{},[172,34156,34157,34158],{},"The result is a ",[367,34159,34160],{},"list of strings",[172,34162,34163],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[172,34165,34166],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34168,34169,34170,34172],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34171,33952],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[30,34174,277],{"id":276},[20,34176,34177,34179],{},[15,34178,33952],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[338,34181,34183,34185],{"id":34182},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34184,33952],{}," with no argument",[20,34187,34188],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[35,34190,34192],{"className":37,"code":34191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34193,34194,34202,34214,34218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34195,34196,34198,34200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34197,2670],{"class":50},[44,34199,55],{"class":54},[44,34201,2231],{"class":206},[44,34203,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34205,7525],{"class":50},[44,34207,55],{"class":54},[44,34209,75],{"class":62},[44,34211,7327],{"class":66},[44,34213,3007],{"class":62},[44,34215,34216],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34217,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,34219,34220,34222,34224,34226],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,34221,136],{"class":135},[44,34223,121],{"class":58},[44,34225,34013],{"class":135},[44,34227,6843],{"class":58},[20,34229,34230,34231,898,34233,34235],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34232,1823],{},[15,34234,7318],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[338,34237,34239],{"id":34238},"dirobject",[15,34240,34024],{},[20,34242,34243],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[35,34245,34247],{"className":37,"code":34246,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34248,34249,34267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34250,34251,34253,34255,34257,34259,34261,34263,34265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34252,136],{"class":135},[44,34254,121],{"class":58},[44,34256,34013],{"class":135},[44,34258,121],{"class":58},[44,34260,63],{"class":62},[44,34262,3495],{"class":66},[44,34264,63],{"class":62},[44,34266,244],{"class":58},[44,34268,34269,34271,34273,34275,34277,34279,34281,34283,34285,34287],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34270,136],{"class":135},[44,34272,121],{"class":58},[44,34274,34013],{"class":135},[44,34276,2631],{"class":58},[44,34278,1133],{"class":206},[44,34280,72],{"class":58},[44,34282,488],{"class":206},[44,34284,72],{"class":58},[44,34286,524],{"class":206},[44,34288,2644],{"class":58},[20,34290,34291],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[169,34293,34294,34296,34298,34301],{},[172,34295,4958],{},[172,34297,4949],{},[172,34299,34300],{},"modules",[172,34302,34303],{},"custom objects",[30,34305,895,34307,34309],{"id":34306},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34308,33952],{}," with a value",[20,34311,34312,34313,34315],{},"A common use of ",[15,34314,33952],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[338,34317,34319],{"id":34318},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[35,34321,34323],{"className":37,"code":34322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34324,34325,34338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34326,34327,34330,34332,34334,34336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34328,34329],{"class":50},"text ",[44,34331,55],{"class":54},[44,34333,75],{"class":62},[44,34335,3495],{"class":66},[44,34337,3007],{"class":62},[44,34339,34340,34342,34344,34346,34348,34351],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34341,136],{"class":135},[44,34343,121],{"class":58},[44,34345,34013],{"class":135},[44,34347,121],{"class":58},[44,34349,34350],{"class":117},"text",[44,34352,244],{"class":58},[20,34354,34355],{},"You will see method names like:",[169,34357,34358,34362,34366,34370],{},[172,34359,34360],{},[15,34361,8289],{},[172,34363,34364],{},[15,34365,34119],{},[172,34367,34368],{},[15,34369,34110],{},[172,34371,34372],{},[15,34373,8283],{},[20,34375,34376],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[338,34378,34380],{"id":34379},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[35,34382,34384],{"className":37,"code":34383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34385,34386,34406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34387,34388,34390,34392,34394,34396,34398,34400,34402,34404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34389,199],{"class":50},[44,34391,55],{"class":54},[44,34393,3273],{"class":58},[44,34395,1133],{"class":206},[44,34397,72],{"class":58},[44,34399,488],{"class":206},[44,34401,72],{"class":58},[44,34403,524],{"class":206},[44,34405,3286],{"class":58},[44,34407,34408,34410,34412,34414,34416,34418],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34409,136],{"class":135},[44,34411,121],{"class":58},[44,34413,34013],{"class":135},[44,34415,121],{"class":58},[44,34417,232],{"class":117},[44,34419,244],{"class":58},[20,34421,34355],{},[169,34423,34424,34428,34432,34437],{},[172,34425,34426],{},[15,34427,13201],{},[172,34429,34430],{},[15,34431,25881],{},[172,34433,34434],{},[15,34435,34436],{},"remove",[172,34438,34439],{},[15,34440,34441],{},"sort",[20,34443,34444],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34446,34447,34448,34453,34454,34456],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[270,34449,34451],{"href":34450},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34452,1949],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34455,33952],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[30,34458,895,34460,34185],{"id":34459},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34461,33952],{},[20,34463,34464,34465,34467],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34466,33952],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34469,34470],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[35,34472,34474],{"className":37,"code":34473,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34475,34476,34485,34489,34500,34512,34516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34477,34478,34480,34482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34479,2670],{"class":50},[44,34481,55],{"class":54},[44,34483,34484],{"class":206}," 5\n",[44,34486,34487],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34488,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,34490,34491,34494,34498],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34492,34493],{"class":1716},"def",[44,34495,34497],{"class":34496},"sGLFI"," greet",[44,34499,21235],{"class":58},[44,34501,34502,34505,34507,34510],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,34503,34504],{"class":805},"    return",[44,34506,75],{"class":62},[44,34508,34509],{"class":66},"Hello",[44,34511,3007],{"class":62},[44,34513,34514],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,34515,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,34517,34518,34520,34522,34524],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,34519,136],{"class":135},[44,34521,121],{"class":58},[44,34523,34013],{"class":135},[44,34525,6843],{"class":58},[20,34527,34528],{},"The output will include names like:",[169,34530,34531,34535],{},[172,34532,34533],{},[15,34534,1823],{},[172,34536,34537],{},[15,34538,34539],{},"greet",[20,34541,34542],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[169,34544,34545,34548,34551],{},[172,34546,34547],{},"what variables exist",[172,34549,34550],{},"what functions you have defined",[172,34552,34553],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34555,34556],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[30,34558,34560],{"id":34559},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34562,34563,34564,34566],{},"When you first use ",[15,34565,33952],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34568,189],{},[35,34570,34571],{"className":37,"code":34322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,34572,34573,34585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34574,34575,34577,34579,34581,34583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34576,34329],{"class":50},[44,34578,55],{"class":54},[44,34580,75],{"class":62},[44,34582,3495],{"class":66},[44,34584,3007],{"class":62},[44,34586,34587,34589,34591,34593,34595,34597],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34588,136],{"class":135},[44,34590,121],{"class":58},[44,34592,34013],{"class":135},[44,34594,121],{"class":58},[44,34596,34350],{"class":117},[44,34598,244],{"class":58},[20,34600,34601],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[169,34603,34604,34608,34612],{},[172,34605,34606],{},[15,34607,34051],{},[172,34609,34610],{},[15,34611,34087],{},[172,34613,34614],{},[15,34615,34616],{},"__len__",[20,34618,34619],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34621,34622],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[169,34624,34625,34629,34633,34637],{},[172,34626,34627],{},[15,34628,34119],{},[172,34630,34631],{},[15,34632,8289],{},[172,34634,34635],{},[15,34636,34110],{},[172,34638,34639],{},[15,34640,34641],{},"replace",[20,34643,34644],{},"A key point to remember:",[169,34646,34647,34655],{},[172,34648,34649,34651,34652],{},[15,34650,33952],{}," lists ",[367,34653,34654],{},"names only",[172,34656,34657,34658,34660],{},"it does ",[367,34659,881],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34662,34663,34664,114],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[270,34665,34667],{"href":34666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34668,34669],{},"help()",[20,34671,5120],{},[35,34673,34675],{"className":37,"code":34674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34676,34677,34689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34678,34679,34681,34683,34685,34687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34680,7525],{"class":50},[44,34682,55],{"class":54},[44,34684,75],{"class":62},[44,34686,3495],{"class":66},[44,34688,3007],{"class":62},[44,34690,34691,34693,34695,34697,34699,34701],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34692,31793],{"class":135},[44,34694,121],{"class":58},[44,34696,7318],{"class":117},[44,34698,114],{"class":58},[44,34700,34119],{"class":24390},[44,34702,100],{"class":58},[30,34704,34706,34708],{"id":34705},"dir-on-modules",[15,34707,33952],{}," on modules",[20,34710,15362,34711,34713],{},[15,34712,33952],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34715,34716],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[338,34718,34720,34721,34723],{"id":34719},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34722,18060],{}," module",[35,34725,34727],{"className":37,"code":34726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34728,34729,34737,34741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34730,34731,34734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34732,34733],{"class":805},"import",[44,34735,34736],{"class":50}," math\n",[44,34738,34739],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34740,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,34742,34743,34745,34747,34749,34751,34753],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34744,136],{"class":135},[44,34746,121],{"class":58},[44,34748,34013],{"class":135},[44,34750,121],{"class":58},[44,34752,18060],{"class":117},[44,34754,244],{"class":58},[20,34756,34757],{},"You may see names like:",[169,34759,34760,34765,34770,34775],{},[172,34761,34762],{},[15,34763,34764],{},"sqrt",[172,34766,34767],{},[15,34768,34769],{},"ceil",[172,34771,34772],{},[15,34773,34774],{},"floor",[172,34776,34777],{},[15,34778,34779],{},"pi",[20,34781,34782],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34784,34785],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[169,34787,34788,34794],{},[172,34789,34790],{},[270,34791,34793],{"href":34792},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[172,34795,34796],{},[270,34797,34799],{"href":34798},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[338,34801,34803],{"id":34802},"another-example","Another example",[35,34805,34807],{"className":37,"code":34806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34808,34809,34816,34820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34810,34811,34813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34812,34733],{"class":805},[44,34814,34815],{"class":50}," json\n",[44,34817,34818],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34819,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,34821,34822,34824,34826,34828,34830,34833],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34823,136],{"class":135},[44,34825,121],{"class":58},[44,34827,34013],{"class":135},[44,34829,121],{"class":58},[44,34831,34832],{"class":117},"json",[44,34834,244],{"class":58},[20,34836,34837,34838,1134,34841,1134,34844,1138,34847,114],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34839,34840],{},"dump",[15,34842,34843],{},"dumps",[15,34845,34846],{},"load",[15,34848,34849],{},"loads",[30,34851,34853,10236,34855],{"id":34852},"dir-vs-help",[15,34854,33952],{},[15,34856,34669],{},[20,34858,34859,898,34861,34863],{},[15,34860,33952],{},[15,34862,34669],{}," are often used together.",[338,34865,34866],{"id":34013},[15,34867,33952],{},[169,34869,34870,34873],{},[172,34871,34872],{},"shows available names",[172,34874,34875],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[338,34877,34878],{"id":31793},[15,34879,34669],{},[169,34881,34882,34885],{},[172,34883,34884],{},"explains what an object or function does",[172,34886,34887],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34889,34890],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[35,34892,34894],{"className":37,"code":34893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34895,34896,34908,34912,34926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,34897,34898,34900,34902,34904,34906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,34899,7525],{"class":50},[44,34901,55],{"class":54},[44,34903,75],{"class":62},[44,34905,3495],{"class":66},[44,34907,3007],{"class":62},[44,34909,34910],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,34911,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,34913,34914,34916,34918,34920,34922,34924],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,34915,136],{"class":135},[44,34917,121],{"class":58},[44,34919,34013],{"class":135},[44,34921,121],{"class":58},[44,34923,7318],{"class":117},[44,34925,244],{"class":58},[44,34927,34928,34930,34932,34934,34936,34938],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,34929,31793],{"class":135},[44,34931,121],{"class":58},[44,34933,7318],{"class":117},[44,34935,114],{"class":58},[44,34937,34119],{"class":24390},[44,34939,100],{"class":58},[20,34941,651,34942,34944,34945,34947,34948,34950],{},[15,34943,33952],{}," first to find a method name.",[9496,34946],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34949,34669],{}," to understand how to use it.",[30,34952,24998],{"id":24997},[20,34954,34955],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[338,34957,34959,34961],{"id":34958},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34960,33952],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34963,34964,34966],{},[15,34965,33952],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34968,34969,34970,34972,34973,34976],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34971,34119],{}," in ",[15,34974,34975],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[338,34978,34980],{"id":34979},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34982,34983],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34985,34986],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[338,34988,34990],{"id":34989},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34992,34993],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34995,5120],{},[169,34997,34998,35003,35009],{},[172,34999,35000,35002],{},[15,35001,34975],{}," shows string-related names",[172,35004,35005,35008],{},[15,35006,35007],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[172,35010,35011,35014,35015,34723],{},[15,35012,35013],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35016,18060],{},[338,35018,35020],{"id":35019},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35022,35023,35024,35026],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35025,33952],{}," does not mean you already know:",[169,35028,35029,35032,35035],{},[172,35030,35031],{},"what it does",[172,35033,35034],{},"what arguments it needs",[172,35036,35037],{},"what it returns",[20,35039,35040,35041,35043],{},"That is why ",[15,35042,34669],{}," is the natural next step.",[30,35045,1299],{"id":1298},[20,35047,35048,35049,35051],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35050,33952],{}," in these situations:",[169,35053,35054,35057,35066,35069],{},[172,35055,35056],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[172,35058,35059,35060,35065],{},"Seeing an ",[270,35061,35063],{"href":35062},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35064,25311],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[172,35067,35068],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[172,35070,895,35071,35073,35074],{},[15,35072,33952],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35075,34669],{},[20,35077,35078],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[35,35080,35082],{"className":37,"code":35081,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35083,35084,35096,35100,35114,35128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35085,35086,35088,35090,35092,35094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35087,7525],{"class":50},[44,35089,55],{"class":54},[44,35091,75],{"class":62},[44,35093,3495],{"class":66},[44,35095,3007],{"class":62},[44,35097,35098],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35099,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,35101,35102,35104,35106,35108,35110,35112],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35103,136],{"class":135},[44,35105,121],{"class":58},[44,35107,2868],{"class":2546},[44,35109,121],{"class":58},[44,35111,7318],{"class":117},[44,35113,244],{"class":58},[44,35115,35116,35118,35120,35122,35124,35126],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,35117,136],{"class":135},[44,35119,121],{"class":58},[44,35121,34013],{"class":135},[44,35123,121],{"class":58},[44,35125,7318],{"class":117},[44,35127,244],{"class":58},[44,35129,35130,35132,35134,35136,35138,35140],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,35131,31793],{"class":135},[44,35133,121],{"class":58},[44,35135,7318],{"class":117},[44,35137,114],{"class":58},[44,35139,34119],{"class":24390},[44,35141,100],{"class":58},[20,35143,35144],{},"And for modules:",[35,35146,35147],{"className":37,"code":34726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,35148,35149,35155,35159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35150,35151,35153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35152,34733],{"class":805},[44,35154,34736],{"class":50},[44,35156,35157],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35158,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,35160,35161,35163,35165,35167,35169,35171],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35162,136],{"class":135},[44,35164,121],{"class":58},[44,35166,34013],{"class":135},[44,35168,121],{"class":58},[44,35170,18060],{"class":117},[44,35172,244],{"class":58},[20,35174,35175],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[35,35177,35179],{"className":37,"code":35178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35180,35181,35186,35198,35208,35222,35228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35182,35183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35184,35185],{"class":50},"python\n",[44,35187,35188,35190,35192,35194,35196],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35189,7525],{"class":50},[44,35191,55],{"class":54},[44,35193,75],{"class":62},[44,35195,3495],{"class":66},[44,35197,3007],{"class":62},[44,35199,35200,35202,35204,35206],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35201,34013],{"class":135},[44,35203,121],{"class":58},[44,35205,7318],{"class":117},[44,35207,100],{"class":58},[44,35209,35210,35212,35214,35216,35218,35220],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,35211,31793],{"class":135},[44,35213,121],{"class":58},[44,35215,7318],{"class":117},[44,35217,114],{"class":58},[44,35219,34119],{"class":24390},[44,35221,100],{"class":58},[44,35223,35224,35226],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,35225,34733],{"class":805},[44,35227,34736],{"class":50},[44,35229,35230,35232,35234,35236],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,35231,34013],{"class":135},[44,35233,121],{"class":58},[44,35235,18060],{"class":117},[44,35237,100],{"class":58},[30,35239,1497],{"id":1496},[338,35241,1501,35243,4793],{"id":35242},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35244,33952],{},[20,35246,35247],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[338,35249,4828,35251,898,35253,1547],{"id":35250},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35252,33952],{},[15,35254,34669],{},[20,35256,35257,35259,35260,35262],{},[15,35258,33952],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35261,34669],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[338,35264,35266,35267,35269],{"id":35265},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35268,33952],{}," output?",[20,35271,35272],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[338,35274,4818,35276,35278,35279,1547],{"id":35275},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35277,33952],{}," help fix ",[15,35280,25311],{},[20,35282,35283,35284,114],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[270,35285,35286],{"href":35062},"object has no attribute",[30,35288,1554],{"id":1553},[169,35290,35291,35297,35302,35306,35310],{},[172,35292,35293],{},[270,35294,3225,35295,3158],{"href":34666},[15,35296,34669],{},[172,35298,35299],{},[270,35300,35301],{"href":35062},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[172,35303,35304],{},[270,35305,34793],{"href":34792},[172,35307,35308],{},[270,35309,34799],{"href":34798},[172,35311,35312],{},[270,35313,3225,35314,3158],{"href":34450},[15,35315,1949],{},[20,35317,35318,35319,35321,35322,35324],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35320,33952],{}," together with ",[15,35323,34669],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1583,35326,35327],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":35329},[35330,35331,35333,35338,35343,35345,35346,35352,35357,35364,35365,35375],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":34129,"depth":103,"text":35332},"What dir() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":35334},[35335,35337],{"id":34182,"depth":132,"text":35336},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34238,"depth":132,"text":34024},{"id":34306,"depth":103,"text":35339,"children":35340},"Using dir() with a value",[35341,35342],{"id":34318,"depth":132,"text":34319},{"id":34379,"depth":132,"text":34380},{"id":34459,"depth":103,"text":35344},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34559,"depth":103,"text":34560},{"id":34705,"depth":103,"text":35347,"children":35348},"dir() on modules",[35349,35351],{"id":34719,"depth":132,"text":35350},"Example: math module",{"id":34802,"depth":132,"text":34803},{"id":34852,"depth":103,"text":35353,"children":35354},"dir() vs help()",[35355,35356],{"id":34013,"depth":132,"text":33952},{"id":31793,"depth":132,"text":34669},{"id":24997,"depth":103,"text":24998,"children":35358},[35359,35361,35362,35363],{"id":34958,"depth":132,"text":35360},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34979,"depth":132,"text":34980},{"id":34989,"depth":132,"text":34990},{"id":35019,"depth":132,"text":35020},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":35366},[35367,35369,35371,35373],{"id":35242,"depth":132,"text":35368},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35250,"depth":132,"text":35370},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35265,"depth":132,"text":35372},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35275,"depth":132,"text":35374},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33944,"description":35376},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35383,"title":35384,"body":35385,"description":37196,"extension":1616,"meta":37197,"navigation":434,"path":37198,"seo":37199,"stem":37200,"__hash__":37201},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35386,"toc":37165},[35387,35393,35398,35401,35409,35415,35417,35496,35498,35524,35529,35534,35539,35542,35553,35556,35558,35637,35639,35665,35672,35674,35676,35700,35703,35715,35720,35722,35801,35803,35829,35838,35843,35851,35857,35864,35867,35869,35946,35949,36006,36008,36045,36051,36056,36061,36064,36078,36080,36183,36185,36228,36237,36247,36254,36260,36267,36350,36352,36375,36378,36381,36383,36387,36391,36394,36457,36480,36483,36487,36493,36495,36562,36565,36642,36647,36653,36656,36659,36704,36706,36730,36735,36739,36744,36750,36813,36816,36818,36821,36845,36848,36983,36985,37086,37088,37093,37096,37102,37112,37120,37125,37131,37137,37139,37162],[10,35388,3225,35390,3229],{"id":35389},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35391,35392],{},"enumerate()",[20,35394,35395,35397],{},[15,35396,35392],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35399,35400],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[169,35402,35403,35406],{},[172,35404,35405],{},"the item itself",[172,35407,35408],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35410,35411,35412,35414],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35413,35392],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[30,35416,33],{"id":32},[35,35418,35420],{"className":37,"code":35419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35421,35422,35454,35458,35481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35423,35424,35426,35428,35430,35432,35434,35436,35438,35440,35442,35444,35446,35448,35450,35452],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35425,51],{"class":50},[44,35427,55],{"class":54},[44,35429,3273],{"class":58},[44,35431,63],{"class":62},[44,35433,67],{"class":66},[44,35435,63],{"class":62},[44,35437,72],{"class":58},[44,35439,75],{"class":62},[44,35441,87],{"class":66},[44,35443,63],{"class":62},[44,35445,72],{"class":58},[44,35447,75],{"class":62},[44,35449,78],{"class":66},[44,35451,63],{"class":62},[44,35453,3286],{"class":58},[44,35455,35456],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35457,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,35459,35460,35462,35465,35467,35470,35472,35475,35477,35479],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35461,5606],{"class":805},[44,35463,35464],{"class":50}," index",[44,35466,72],{"class":58},[44,35468,35469],{"class":50}," color ",[44,35471,1383],{"class":805},[44,35473,35474],{"class":135}," enumerate",[44,35476,121],{"class":58},[44,35478,734],{"class":117},[44,35480,7991],{"class":58},[44,35482,35483,35485,35487,35489,35491,35494],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,35484,825],{"class":135},[44,35486,121],{"class":58},[44,35488,118],{"class":117},[44,35490,72],{"class":58},[44,35492,35493],{"class":117}," color",[44,35495,100],{"class":58},[20,35497,247],{},[35,35499,35501],{"className":37,"code":35500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35502,35503,35510,35517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35504,35505,35507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35506,186],{"class":206},[44,35508,35509],{"class":50}," red\n",[44,35511,35512,35514],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35513,1133],{"class":206},[44,35515,35516],{"class":50}," green\n",[44,35518,35519,35521],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35520,1137],{"class":206},[44,35522,35523],{"class":50}," blue\n",[20,35525,651,35526,35528],{},[15,35527,35392],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[30,35530,158,35532,161],{"id":35531},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35533,35392],{},[20,35535,35536,35538],{},[15,35537,35392],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35540,35541],{},"It is commonly used with:",[169,35543,35544,35546,35548,35550],{},[172,35545,4949],{},[172,35547,4952],{},[172,35549,4958],{},[172,35551,35552],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35554,35555],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35557,189],{},[35,35559,35561],{"className":37,"code":35560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35562,35563,35597,35601,35622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35564,35565,35567,35569,35571,35573,35575,35577,35579,35581,35584,35586,35588,35590,35593,35595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35566,4643],{"class":50},[44,35568,55],{"class":54},[44,35570,3273],{"class":58},[44,35572,63],{"class":62},[44,35574,12531],{"class":66},[44,35576,63],{"class":62},[44,35578,72],{"class":58},[44,35580,75],{"class":62},[44,35582,35583],{"class":66},"Ben",[44,35585,63],{"class":62},[44,35587,72],{"class":58},[44,35589,75],{"class":62},[44,35591,35592],{"class":66},"Cara",[44,35594,63],{"class":62},[44,35596,3286],{"class":58},[44,35598,35599],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35600,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,35602,35603,35605,35607,35609,35612,35614,35616,35618,35620],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35604,5606],{"class":805},[44,35606,35464],{"class":50},[44,35608,72],{"class":58},[44,35610,35611],{"class":50}," name ",[44,35613,1383],{"class":805},[44,35615,35474],{"class":135},[44,35617,121],{"class":58},[44,35619,4687],{"class":117},[44,35621,7991],{"class":58},[44,35623,35624,35626,35628,35630,35632,35635],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,35625,825],{"class":135},[44,35627,121],{"class":58},[44,35629,118],{"class":117},[44,35631,72],{"class":58},[44,35633,35634],{"class":117}," name",[44,35636,100],{"class":58},[20,35638,247],{},[35,35640,35642],{"className":37,"code":35641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35643,35644,35651,35658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35645,35646,35648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35647,186],{"class":206},[44,35649,35650],{"class":50}," Ana\n",[44,35652,35653,35655],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35654,1133],{"class":206},[44,35656,35657],{"class":50}," Ben\n",[44,35659,35660,35662],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35661,1137],{"class":206},[44,35663,35664],{"class":50}," Cara\n",[20,35666,35667,35668,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[270,35669,35671],{"href":35670},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[30,35673,277],{"id":276},[20,35675,1809],{},[35,35677,35679],{"className":37,"code":35678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35680,35681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35682,35683,35686,35688,35690,35692,35694,35696,35698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35684,35685],{"class":135},"enumerate",[44,35687,121],{"class":58},[44,35689,3370],{"class":117},[44,35691,72],{"class":58},[44,35693,329],{"class":8826},[44,35695,55],{"class":54},[44,35697,186],{"class":206},[44,35699,100],{"class":58},[20,35701,35702],{},"It has two parts:",[169,35704,35705,35710],{},[172,35706,35707,35709],{},[15,35708,3370],{},": the object you want to loop through",[172,35711,35712,35714],{},[15,35713,353],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,35716,35717,35718,114],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35719,186],{},[20,35721,189],{},[35,35723,35725],{"className":37,"code":35724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35726,35727,35759,35763,35785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35728,35729,35731,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741,35743,35745,35747,35749,35751,35753,35755,35757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35730,382],{"class":50},[44,35732,55],{"class":54},[44,35734,3273],{"class":58},[44,35736,63],{"class":62},[44,35738,270],{"class":66},[44,35740,63],{"class":62},[44,35742,72],{"class":58},[44,35744,75],{"class":62},[44,35746,399],{"class":66},[44,35748,63],{"class":62},[44,35750,72],{"class":58},[44,35752,75],{"class":62},[44,35754,408],{"class":66},[44,35756,63],{"class":62},[44,35758,3286],{"class":58},[44,35760,35761],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35762,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,35764,35765,35767,35770,35772,35775,35777,35779,35781,35783],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35766,5606],{"class":805},[44,35768,35769],{"class":50}," i",[44,35771,72],{"class":58},[44,35773,35774],{"class":50}," letter ",[44,35776,1383],{"class":805},[44,35778,35474],{"class":135},[44,35780,121],{"class":58},[44,35782,444],{"class":117},[44,35784,7991],{"class":58},[44,35786,35787,35789,35791,35794,35796,35799],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,35788,825],{"class":135},[44,35790,121],{"class":58},[44,35792,35793],{"class":117},"i",[44,35795,72],{"class":58},[44,35797,35798],{"class":117}," letter",[44,35800,100],{"class":58},[20,35802,247],{},[35,35804,35806],{"className":37,"code":35805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35807,35808,35815,35822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35809,35810,35812],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35811,186],{"class":206},[44,35813,35814],{"class":50}," a\n",[44,35816,35817,35819],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35818,1133],{"class":206},[44,35820,35821],{"class":50}," b\n",[44,35823,35824,35826],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35825,1137],{"class":206},[44,35827,35828],{"class":50}," c\n",[20,35830,35831,35832,114],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[270,35833,3225,35835,3158],{"href":35834},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35836,35837],{},"range()",[30,35839,158,35841,11355],{"id":35840},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35842,35392],{},[20,35844,35845,35847,35848,114],{},[15,35846,35392],{}," returns an ",[367,35849,35850],{},"enumerate object",[20,35852,35853,35854,35856],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35855,5606],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[169,35858,35859],{},[172,35860,35861],{},[15,35862,35863],{},"(index, item)",[20,35865,35866],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35868,189],{},[35,35870,35872],{"className":37,"code":35871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35873,35874,35906,35910,35931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35875,35876,35878,35880,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35877,1200],{"class":50},[44,35879,55],{"class":54},[44,35881,3273],{"class":58},[44,35883,63],{"class":62},[44,35885,1209],{"class":66},[44,35887,63],{"class":62},[44,35889,72],{"class":58},[44,35891,75],{"class":62},[44,35893,1218],{"class":66},[44,35895,63],{"class":62},[44,35897,72],{"class":58},[44,35899,75],{"class":62},[44,35901,1227],{"class":66},[44,35903,63],{"class":62},[44,35905,3286],{"class":58},[44,35907,35908],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35909,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,35911,35912,35914,35916,35918,35921,35923,35925,35927,35929],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35913,5606],{"class":805},[44,35915,35464],{"class":50},[44,35917,72],{"class":58},[44,35919,35920],{"class":50}," fruit ",[44,35922,1383],{"class":805},[44,35924,35474],{"class":135},[44,35926,121],{"class":58},[44,35928,1244],{"class":117},[44,35930,7991],{"class":58},[44,35932,35933,35935,35937,35939,35941,35944],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,35934,825],{"class":135},[44,35936,121],{"class":58},[44,35938,118],{"class":117},[44,35940,72],{"class":58},[44,35942,35943],{"class":117}," fruit",[44,35945,100],{"class":58},[20,35947,35948],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[35,35950,35952],{"className":37,"code":35951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35953,35954,35974,35978,35996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,35955,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970,35972],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,35957,199],{"class":50},[44,35959,55],{"class":54},[44,35961,3273],{"class":58},[44,35963,207],{"class":206},[44,35965,72],{"class":58},[44,35967,212],{"class":206},[44,35969,72],{"class":58},[44,35971,217],{"class":206},[44,35973,3286],{"class":58},[44,35975,35976],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,35977,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,35979,35980,35982,35984,35986,35988,35990,35992,35994],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,35981,604],{"class":50},[44,35983,55],{"class":54},[44,35985,22199],{"class":2546},[44,35987,121],{"class":58},[44,35989,35685],{"class":135},[44,35991,121],{"class":58},[44,35993,232],{"class":117},[44,35995,244],{"class":58},[44,35997,35998,36000,36002,36004],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,35999,136],{"class":135},[44,36001,121],{"class":58},[44,36003,632],{"class":117},[44,36005,100],{"class":58},[20,36007,247],{},[35,36009,36011],{"className":37,"code":36010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36012,36013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36014,36015,36017,36019,36021,36023,36025,36027,36029,36031,36033,36035,36037,36039,36041,36043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36016,21380],{"class":58},[44,36018,186],{"class":206},[44,36020,72],{"class":58},[44,36022,934],{"class":206},[44,36024,8884],{"class":58},[44,36026,59],{"class":58},[44,36028,1133],{"class":206},[44,36030,72],{"class":58},[44,36032,212],{"class":206},[44,36034,8884],{"class":58},[44,36036,59],{"class":58},[44,36038,1137],{"class":206},[44,36040,72],{"class":58},[44,36042,217],{"class":206},[44,36044,8899],{"class":58},[20,36046,36047,36048,36050],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36049,35392],{}," produces.",[30,36052,4609,36054],{"id":36053},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36055,35392],{},[20,36057,651,36058,36060],{},[15,36059,35392],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36062,36063],{},"Common cases:",[169,36065,36066,36069,36072,36075],{},[172,36067,36068],{},"printing numbered output",[172,36070,36071],{},"building menus",[172,36073,36074],{},"showing positions in a list",[172,36076,36077],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36079,189],{},[35,36081,36083],{"className":37,"code":36082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36084,36085,36120,36124,36154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36086,36087,36089,36091,36093,36095,36098,36100,36102,36104,36107,36109,36111,36113,36116,36118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36088,29537],{"class":50},[44,36090,55],{"class":54},[44,36092,3273],{"class":58},[44,36094,63],{"class":62},[44,36096,36097],{"class":66},"Wash dishes",[44,36099,63],{"class":62},[44,36101,72],{"class":58},[44,36103,75],{"class":62},[44,36105,36106],{"class":66},"Study Python",[44,36108,63],{"class":62},[44,36110,72],{"class":58},[44,36112,75],{"class":62},[44,36114,36115],{"class":66},"Go for a walk",[44,36117,63],{"class":62},[44,36119,3286],{"class":58},[44,36121,36122],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36123,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,36125,36126,36128,36130,36132,36135,36137,36139,36141,36144,36146,36148,36150,36152],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36127,5606],{"class":805},[44,36129,1845],{"class":50},[44,36131,72],{"class":58},[44,36133,36134],{"class":50}," task ",[44,36136,1383],{"class":805},[44,36138,35474],{"class":135},[44,36140,121],{"class":58},[44,36142,36143],{"class":117},"tasks",[44,36145,72],{"class":58},[44,36147,329],{"class":8826},[44,36149,55],{"class":54},[44,36151,1133],{"class":206},[44,36153,7991],{"class":58},[44,36155,36156,36158,36160,36162,36164,36166,36168,36170,36172,36174,36177,36179,36181],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,36157,825],{"class":135},[44,36159,121],{"class":58},[44,36161,21934],{"class":1716},[44,36163,63],{"class":66},[44,36165,8928],{"class":206},[44,36167,1887],{"class":117},[44,36169,21943],{"class":206},[44,36171,27952],{"class":66},[44,36173,8928],{"class":206},[44,36175,36176],{"class":117},"task",[44,36178,21943],{"class":206},[44,36180,63],{"class":66},[44,36182,100],{"class":58},[20,36184,247],{},[35,36186,36188],{"className":37,"code":36187,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36189,36190,36202,36214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36191,36192,36194,36196,36199],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36193,1133],{"class":206},[44,36195,114],{"class":58},[44,36197,36198],{"class":24390}," Wash",[44,36200,36201],{"class":50}," dishes\n",[44,36203,36204,36206,36208,36211],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36205,1137],{"class":206},[44,36207,114],{"class":58},[44,36209,36210],{"class":24390}," Study",[44,36212,36213],{"class":50}," Python\n",[44,36215,36216,36218,36220,36223,36225],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36217,1141],{"class":206},[44,36219,114],{"class":58},[44,36221,36222],{"class":24390}," Go",[44,36224,3527],{"class":805},[44,36226,36227],{"class":50}," a walk\n",[20,36229,36230,36231,36233,36234,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36232,35392],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36235,36236],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36238,36239,36240,114],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[270,36241,36243,36244,36246],{"href":36242},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36245,35392],{}," in Python",[30,36248,36250,36251,36253],{"id":36249},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36252,353],{}," argument",[20,36255,36256,36257,36259],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36258,353],{}," argument.",[20,36261,36262,36263,10742,36265,1155],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36264,1133],{},[15,36266,186],{},[35,36268,36270],{"className":37,"code":36269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36271,36272,36304,36308,36336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36273,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300,36302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36275,51],{"class":50},[44,36277,55],{"class":54},[44,36279,3273],{"class":58},[44,36281,63],{"class":62},[44,36283,67],{"class":66},[44,36285,63],{"class":62},[44,36287,72],{"class":58},[44,36289,75],{"class":62},[44,36291,87],{"class":66},[44,36293,63],{"class":62},[44,36295,72],{"class":58},[44,36297,75],{"class":62},[44,36299,78],{"class":66},[44,36301,63],{"class":62},[44,36303,3286],{"class":58},[44,36305,36306],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36307,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,36309,36310,36312,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324,36326,36328,36330,36332,36334],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36311,5606],{"class":805},[44,36313,35464],{"class":50},[44,36315,72],{"class":58},[44,36317,35469],{"class":50},[44,36319,1383],{"class":805},[44,36321,35474],{"class":135},[44,36323,121],{"class":58},[44,36325,734],{"class":117},[44,36327,72],{"class":58},[44,36329,329],{"class":8826},[44,36331,55],{"class":54},[44,36333,1133],{"class":206},[44,36335,7991],{"class":58},[44,36337,36338,36340,36342,36344,36346,36348],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,36339,825],{"class":135},[44,36341,121],{"class":58},[44,36343,118],{"class":117},[44,36345,72],{"class":58},[44,36347,35493],{"class":117},[44,36349,100],{"class":58},[20,36351,247],{},[35,36353,36355],{"className":37,"code":36354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36356,36357,36363,36369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36358,36359,36361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36360,1133],{"class":206},[44,36362,35509],{"class":50},[44,36364,36365,36367],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36366,1137],{"class":206},[44,36368,35516],{"class":50},[44,36370,36371,36373],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36372,1141],{"class":206},[44,36374,35523],{"class":50},[20,36376,36377],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36379,36380],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[30,36382,24998],{"id":24997},[20,36384,25001,36385,114],{},[15,36386,35392],{},[338,36388,36390],{"id":36389},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36392,36393],{},"In this loop:",[35,36395,36397],{"className":37,"code":36396,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36398,36399,36419,36423,36443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36400,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36402,199],{"class":50},[44,36404,55],{"class":54},[44,36406,3273],{"class":58},[44,36408,207],{"class":206},[44,36410,72],{"class":58},[44,36412,212],{"class":206},[44,36414,72],{"class":58},[44,36416,217],{"class":206},[44,36418,3286],{"class":58},[44,36420,36421],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36422,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,36424,36425,36427,36429,36431,36433,36435,36437,36439,36441],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36426,5606],{"class":805},[44,36428,35464],{"class":50},[44,36430,72],{"class":58},[44,36432,1449],{"class":50},[44,36434,1383],{"class":805},[44,36436,35474],{"class":135},[44,36438,121],{"class":58},[44,36440,232],{"class":117},[44,36442,7991],{"class":58},[44,36444,36445,36447,36449,36451,36453,36455],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,36446,825],{"class":135},[44,36448,121],{"class":58},[44,36450,118],{"class":117},[44,36452,72],{"class":58},[44,36454,8082],{"class":117},[44,36456,100],{"class":58},[169,36458,36459,36469],{},[172,36460,36461,365,36463,1134,36465,1134,36467],{},[15,36462,118],{},[15,36464,186],{},[15,36466,1133],{},[15,36468,1137],{},[172,36470,36471,365,36473,1134,36475,1134,36477],{},[15,36472,302],{},[15,36474,207],{},[15,36476,241],{},[15,36478,36479],{},"30",[20,36481,36482],{},"These are different things.",[338,36484,36486],{"id":36485},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36488,36489,36490,36492],{},"Each item from ",[15,36491,35392],{}," is a pair.",[20,36494,6337],{},[35,36496,36498],{"className":37,"code":36497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36499,36500,36524,36528,36548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36501,36502,36504,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36503,7429],{"class":50},[44,36505,55],{"class":54},[44,36507,3273],{"class":58},[44,36509,63],{"class":62},[44,36511,1823],{"class":66},[44,36513,63],{"class":62},[44,36515,72],{"class":58},[44,36517,75],{"class":62},[44,36519,11395],{"class":66},[44,36521,63],{"class":62},[44,36523,3286],{"class":58},[44,36525,36526],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36527,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,36529,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36531,5606],{"class":805},[44,36533,35769],{"class":50},[44,36535,72],{"class":58},[44,36537,5609],{"class":50},[44,36539,1383],{"class":805},[44,36541,35474],{"class":135},[44,36543,121],{"class":58},[44,36545,7458],{"class":117},[44,36547,7991],{"class":58},[44,36549,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,36551,825],{"class":135},[44,36553,121],{"class":58},[44,36555,35793],{"class":117},[44,36557,72],{"class":58},[44,36559,29146],{"class":117},[44,36561,100],{"class":58},[20,36563,36564],{},"But this causes an error:",[35,36566,36568],{"className":37,"code":36567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36569,36570,36594,36598,36623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36571,36572,36574,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36588,36590,36592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36573,7429],{"class":50},[44,36575,55],{"class":54},[44,36577,3273],{"class":58},[44,36579,63],{"class":62},[44,36581,1823],{"class":66},[44,36583,63],{"class":62},[44,36585,72],{"class":58},[44,36587,75],{"class":62},[44,36589,11395],{"class":66},[44,36591,63],{"class":62},[44,36593,3286],{"class":58},[44,36595,36596],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36597,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,36599,36600,36602,36604,36606,36608,36610,36613,36615,36617,36619,36621],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36601,5606],{"class":805},[44,36603,35769],{"class":50},[44,36605,72],{"class":58},[44,36607,29146],{"class":50},[44,36609,72],{"class":58},[44,36611,36612],{"class":50}," extra ",[44,36614,1383],{"class":805},[44,36616,35474],{"class":135},[44,36618,121],{"class":58},[44,36620,7458],{"class":117},[44,36622,7991],{"class":58},[44,36624,36625,36627,36629,36631,36633,36635,36637,36640],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,36626,825],{"class":135},[44,36628,121],{"class":58},[44,36630,35793],{"class":117},[44,36632,72],{"class":58},[44,36634,29146],{"class":117},[44,36636,72],{"class":58},[44,36638,36639],{"class":117}," extra",[44,36641,100],{"class":58},[20,36643,28700,36644,36646],{},[15,36645,35392],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[338,36648,36650,36652],{"id":36649},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36651,35392],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36654,36655],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36657,36658],{},"Example with a string:",[35,36660,36662],{"className":37,"code":36661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36663,36664,36689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36665,36666,36668,36670,36672,36675,36677,36679,36681,36683,36685,36687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36667,5606],{"class":805},[44,36669,35464],{"class":50},[44,36671,72],{"class":58},[44,36673,36674],{"class":50}," char ",[44,36676,1383],{"class":805},[44,36678,35474],{"class":135},[44,36680,121],{"class":58},[44,36682,63],{"class":62},[44,36684,569],{"class":66},[44,36686,63],{"class":62},[44,36688,7991],{"class":58},[44,36690,36691,36693,36695,36697,36699,36702],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36692,825],{"class":135},[44,36694,121],{"class":58},[44,36696,118],{"class":117},[44,36698,72],{"class":58},[44,36700,36701],{"class":117}," char",[44,36703,100],{"class":58},[20,36705,247],{},[35,36707,36709],{"className":37,"code":36708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36710,36711,36717,36723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36712,36713,36715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36714,186],{"class":206},[44,36716,35828],{"class":50},[44,36718,36719,36721],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36720,1133],{"class":206},[44,36722,35814],{"class":50},[44,36724,36725,36727],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36726,1137],{"class":206},[44,36728,36729],{"class":50}," t\n",[20,36731,36732,36733,114],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[270,36734,4785],{"href":5234},[338,36736,36738],{"id":36737},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36740,36741,36742,114],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36743,35392],{},[20,36745,36746,36747,36749],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36748,5606],{}," loop:",[35,36751,36753],{"className":37,"code":36752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36754,36755,36787,36791,36803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36756,36757,36759,36761,36763,36765,36767,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777,36779,36781,36783,36785],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36758,51],{"class":50},[44,36760,55],{"class":54},[44,36762,3273],{"class":58},[44,36764,63],{"class":62},[44,36766,67],{"class":66},[44,36768,63],{"class":62},[44,36770,72],{"class":58},[44,36772,75],{"class":62},[44,36774,87],{"class":66},[44,36776,63],{"class":62},[44,36778,72],{"class":58},[44,36780,75],{"class":62},[44,36782,78],{"class":66},[44,36784,63],{"class":62},[44,36786,3286],{"class":58},[44,36788,36789],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36790,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,36792,36793,36795,36797,36799,36801],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36794,5606],{"class":805},[44,36796,35469],{"class":50},[44,36798,1383],{"class":805},[44,36800,111],{"class":50},[44,36802,820],{"class":58},[44,36804,36805,36807,36809,36811],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,36806,825],{"class":135},[44,36808,121],{"class":58},[44,36810,32532],{"class":117},[44,36812,100],{"class":58},[20,36814,36815],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[30,36817,1299],{"id":1298},[20,36819,36820],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[169,36822,36823,36828,36834,36839],{},[172,36824,22740,36825,36827],{},[15,36826,35392],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[172,36829,36830,36831,36833],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36832,186],{}," by default",[172,36835,895,36836,36838],{},[15,36837,35392],{}," when only values are needed",[172,36840,1330,36841,8354,36843],{},[15,36842,35392],{},[15,36844,35837],{},[20,36846,36847],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[35,36849,36851],{"className":37,"code":36850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36852,36853,36875,36902,36936,36969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36854,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36856,136],{"class":135},[44,36858,121],{"class":58},[44,36860,35685],{"class":135},[44,36862,2631],{"class":58},[44,36864,207],{"class":206},[44,36866,72],{"class":58},[44,36868,212],{"class":206},[44,36870,72],{"class":58},[44,36872,217],{"class":206},[44,36874,2644],{"class":58},[44,36876,36877,36879,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897,36899],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,36878,136],{"class":135},[44,36880,121],{"class":58},[44,36882,7742],{"class":2546},[44,36884,121],{"class":58},[44,36886,35685],{"class":135},[44,36888,2631],{"class":58},[44,36890,207],{"class":206},[44,36892,72],{"class":58},[44,36894,212],{"class":206},[44,36896,72],{"class":58},[44,36898,217],{"class":206},[44,36900,36901],{"class":58},"])))\n",[44,36903,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,36905,136],{"class":135},[44,36907,121],{"class":58},[44,36909,7742],{"class":2546},[44,36911,121],{"class":58},[44,36913,35685],{"class":135},[44,36915,2631],{"class":58},[44,36917,207],{"class":206},[44,36919,72],{"class":58},[44,36921,212],{"class":206},[44,36923,72],{"class":58},[44,36925,217],{"class":206},[44,36927,17705],{"class":58},[44,36929,329],{"class":8826},[44,36931,55],{"class":54},[44,36933,1133],{"class":206},[44,36935,2557],{"class":58},[44,36937,36938,36940,36942,36944,36946,36948,36950,36952,36954,36956,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,36939,5606],{"class":805},[44,36941,35769],{"class":50},[44,36943,72],{"class":58},[44,36945,1449],{"class":50},[44,36947,1383],{"class":805},[44,36949,35474],{"class":135},[44,36951,2631],{"class":58},[44,36953,2948],{"class":62},[44,36955,270],{"class":66},[44,36957,2948],{"class":62},[44,36959,72],{"class":58},[44,36961,2943],{"class":62},[44,36963,399],{"class":66},[44,36965,2948],{"class":62},[44,36967,36968],{"class":58},"]):\n",[44,36970,36971,36973,36975,36977,36979,36981],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,36972,825],{"class":135},[44,36974,121],{"class":58},[44,36976,35793],{"class":117},[44,36978,72],{"class":58},[44,36980,8082],{"class":117},[44,36982,100],{"class":58},[20,36984,16606],{},[35,36986,36988],{"className":37,"code":36987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36989,36990,37010,37042,37074,37080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,36991,36992,36994,36996,36998,37001,37005,37008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,36993,2937],{"class":54},[44,36995,35685],{"class":135},[44,36997,24257],{"class":2546},[44,36999,37000],{"class":50}," at ",[44,37002,37004],{"class":37003},"srjyR","0x",[44,37006,37007],{"class":34094},"...",[44,37009,2951],{"class":54},[44,37011,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37013,21380],{"class":58},[44,37015,186],{"class":206},[44,37017,72],{"class":58},[44,37019,934],{"class":206},[44,37021,8884],{"class":58},[44,37023,59],{"class":58},[44,37025,1133],{"class":206},[44,37027,72],{"class":58},[44,37029,212],{"class":206},[44,37031,8884],{"class":58},[44,37033,59],{"class":58},[44,37035,1137],{"class":206},[44,37037,72],{"class":58},[44,37039,217],{"class":206},[44,37041,8899],{"class":58},[44,37043,37044,37046,37048,37050,37052,37054,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37068,37070,37072],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37045,21380],{"class":58},[44,37047,1133],{"class":206},[44,37049,72],{"class":58},[44,37051,934],{"class":206},[44,37053,8884],{"class":58},[44,37055,59],{"class":58},[44,37057,1137],{"class":206},[44,37059,72],{"class":58},[44,37061,212],{"class":206},[44,37063,8884],{"class":58},[44,37065,59],{"class":58},[44,37067,1141],{"class":206},[44,37069,72],{"class":58},[44,37071,217],{"class":206},[44,37073,8899],{"class":58},[44,37075,37076,37078],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,37077,186],{"class":206},[44,37079,35814],{"class":50},[44,37081,37082,37084],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,37083,1133],{"class":206},[44,37085,35821],{"class":50},[30,37087,1497],{"id":1496},[338,37089,1501,37091,4793],{"id":37090},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37092,35392],{},[20,37094,37095],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[338,37097,12355,37099,37101],{"id":37098},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37100,35392],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37103,37104,37105,37107,37108,37111],{},"It starts at ",[15,37106,186],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37109,37110],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[338,37113,21061,37115,10742,37117,1547],{"id":37114},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37116,35392],{},[15,37118,37119],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37121,36230,37122,37124],{},[15,37123,35392],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[338,37126,4818,37128,37130],{"id":37127},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37129,35392],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37132,37133,37134,37136],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37135,35392],{}," can return each character with its index.",[30,37138,1554],{"id":1553},[169,37140,37141,37145,37151,37158],{},[172,37142,37143],{},[270,37144,35671],{"href":35670},[172,37146,37147],{},[270,37148,3225,37149,3158],{"href":35834},[15,37150,35837],{},[172,37152,37153],{},[270,37154,37155,37156,36246],{"href":36242},"How to use ",[15,37157,35392],{},[172,37159,37160],{},[270,37161,4865],{"href":5234},[1583,37163,37164],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":37166},[37167,37168,37170,37171,37173,37175,37177,37184,37185,37195],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":35531,"depth":103,"text":37169},"What enumerate() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":35840,"depth":103,"text":37172},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36053,"depth":103,"text":37174},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36249,"depth":103,"text":37176},"Using the start argument",{"id":24997,"depth":103,"text":24998,"children":37178},[37179,37180,37181,37183],{"id":36389,"depth":132,"text":36390},{"id":36485,"depth":132,"text":36486},{"id":36649,"depth":132,"text":37182},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36737,"depth":132,"text":36738},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":37186},[37187,37189,37191,37193],{"id":37090,"depth":132,"text":37188},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37098,"depth":132,"text":37190},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37114,"depth":132,"text":37192},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37127,"depth":132,"text":37194},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35384,"description":37196},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37203,"title":37204,"body":37205,"description":39720,"extension":1616,"meta":39721,"navigation":434,"path":39722,"seo":39723,"stem":39724,"__hash__":39725},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37206,"toc":39677},[37207,37213,37218,37221,37229,37243,37245,37336,37344,37349,37354,37356,37372,37374,37453,37455,37472,37478,37482,37484,37505,37509,37512,37524,37528,37531,37534,37551,37554,37630,37632,37649,37654,37658,37666,37669,37684,37686,37775,37777,37822,37825,37829,37832,37911,37913,37935,37938,37945,37950,37953,38056,38058,38083,38086,38093,38099,38104,38107,38118,38224,38226,38247,38255,38262,38268,38287,38292,38295,38314,38316,38401,38403,38432,38435,38440,38445,38448,38459,38461,38550,38552,38572,38578,38684,38686,38706,38709,38793,38795,38815,38822,38824,38828,38834,38837,38894,38897,38900,38961,38970,38973,38976,39004,39007,39067,39069,39086,39090,39093,39171,39173,39193,39196,39271,39275,39278,39280,39289,39293,39295,39346,39354,39366,39371,39432,39434,39451,39455,39518,39520,39545,39553,39555,39561,39567,39574,39582,39588,39591,39598,39608,39614,39620,39623,39640,39646,39648,39674],[10,37208,3225,37210,3229],{"id":37209},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37211,37212],{},"filter()",[20,37214,37215,37217],{},[15,37216,37212],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37219,37220],{},"It takes:",[169,37222,37223,37226],{},[172,37224,37225],{},"a function that checks each item",[172,37227,37228],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37230,37231,37232,37235,37236,37239,37240,37242],{},"The result is ",[367,37233,37234],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37237,37238],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37241,24421],{}," to see the values.",[30,37244,33],{"id":32},[35,37246,37248],{"className":37,"code":37247,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37249,37250,37283,37319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37251,37252,37254,37256,37258,37260,37262,37264,37266,37268,37270,37272,37274,37276,37278,37281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37253,199],{"class":50},[44,37255,55],{"class":54},[44,37257,3273],{"class":58},[44,37259,1133],{"class":206},[44,37261,72],{"class":58},[44,37263,488],{"class":206},[44,37265,72],{"class":58},[44,37267,524],{"class":206},[44,37269,72],{"class":58},[44,37271,1114],{"class":206},[44,37273,72],{"class":58},[44,37275,939],{"class":206},[44,37277,72],{"class":58},[44,37279,37280],{"class":206}," 6",[44,37282,3286],{"class":58},[44,37284,37285,37287,37289,37292,37294,37297,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309,37311,37313,37315,37317],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37286,604],{"class":50},[44,37288,55],{"class":54},[44,37290,37291],{"class":135}," filter",[44,37293,121],{"class":58},[44,37295,37296],{"class":1716},"lambda",[44,37298,37300],{"class":37299},"sFwrP"," x",[44,37302,1155],{"class":58},[44,37304,3530],{"class":117},[44,37306,6051],{"class":54},[44,37308,488],{"class":206},[44,37310,6056],{"class":54},[44,37312,3483],{"class":206},[44,37314,72],{"class":58},[44,37316,3912],{"class":117},[44,37318,100],{"class":58},[44,37320,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331,37333],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37322,136],{"class":135},[44,37324,121],{"class":58},[44,37326,7742],{"class":2546},[44,37328,121],{"class":58},[44,37330,632],{"class":117},[44,37332,459],{"class":58},[44,37334,37335],{"class":147},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37337,37338,37340,37341,37343],{},[15,37339,37212],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37342,24421],{}," to see the results.",[30,37345,158,37347,161],{"id":37346},"what-filter-does",[15,37348,37212],{},[20,37350,37351,37353],{},[15,37352,37212],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37355,1758],{},[169,37357,37358,37361,37367],{},[172,37359,37360],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[172,37362,37363,37364,37366],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37365,3254],{},", the item is kept",[172,37368,37363,37369,37371],{},[15,37370,3324],{},", the item is removed",[20,37373,189],{},[35,37375,37377],{"className":37,"code":37376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37378,37379,37407,37411,37439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37380,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37382,199],{"class":50},[44,37384,55],{"class":54},[44,37386,3273],{"class":58},[44,37388,1133],{"class":206},[44,37390,72],{"class":58},[44,37392,488],{"class":206},[44,37394,72],{"class":58},[44,37396,524],{"class":206},[44,37398,72],{"class":58},[44,37400,1114],{"class":206},[44,37402,72],{"class":58},[44,37404,939],{"class":206},[44,37406,3286],{"class":58},[44,37408,37409],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37410,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,37412,37413,37415,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37414,604],{"class":50},[44,37416,55],{"class":54},[44,37418,37291],{"class":135},[44,37420,121],{"class":58},[44,37422,37296],{"class":1716},[44,37424,37300],{"class":37299},[44,37426,1155],{"class":58},[44,37428,3530],{"class":117},[44,37430,3901],{"class":54},[44,37432,524],{"class":206},[44,37434,72],{"class":58},[44,37436,3912],{"class":117},[44,37438,100],{"class":58},[44,37440,37441,37443,37445,37447,37449,37451],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,37442,136],{"class":135},[44,37444,121],{"class":58},[44,37446,7742],{"class":2546},[44,37448,121],{"class":58},[44,37450,632],{"class":117},[44,37452,244],{"class":58},[20,37454,247],{},[35,37456,37458],{"className":37,"code":37457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37459,37460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37461,37462,37464,37466,37468,37470],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37463,1271],{"class":58},[44,37465,1145],{"class":206},[44,37467,72],{"class":58},[44,37469,939],{"class":206},[44,37471,3286],{"class":58},[20,37473,37474,37475,37477],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37476,1141],{}," are kept.",[30,37479,37481],{"id":37480},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37483,1809],{},[35,37485,37487],{"className":37,"code":37486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37488,37489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37490,37491,37493,37495,37498,37500,37503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37492,37238],{"class":135},[44,37494,121],{"class":58},[44,37496,37497],{"class":117},"function",[44,37499,72],{"class":58},[44,37501,37502],{"class":117}," iterable",[44,37504,100],{"class":58},[338,37506,37507],{"id":37497},[15,37508,37497],{},[20,37510,37511],{},"This is the test function.",[169,37513,37514,37517],{},[172,37515,37516],{},"It receives one item at a time",[172,37518,37519,37520,2522,37522],{},"It should return ",[15,37521,3254],{},[15,37523,3324],{},[338,37525,37526],{"id":3370},[15,37527,3370],{},[20,37529,37530],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37532,37533],{},"It can be:",[169,37535,37536,37539,37542,37545,37548],{},[172,37537,37538],{},"a list",[172,37540,37541],{},"a tuple",[172,37543,37544],{},"a string",[172,37546,37547],{},"a set",[172,37549,37550],{},"another iterable object",[20,37552,37553],{},"Example with a tuple:",[35,37555,37557],{"className":37,"code":37556,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37558,37559,37584,37588,37616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37560,37561,37563,37565,37567,37569,37571,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37562,199],{"class":50},[44,37564,55],{"class":54},[44,37566,59],{"class":58},[44,37568,207],{"class":206},[44,37570,72],{"class":58},[44,37572,37573],{"class":206}," 15",[44,37575,72],{"class":58},[44,37577,212],{"class":206},[44,37579,72],{"class":58},[44,37581,8956],{"class":206},[44,37583,100],{"class":58},[44,37585,37586],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37587,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,37589,37590,37592,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604,37606,37608,37610,37612,37614],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37591,604],{"class":50},[44,37593,55],{"class":54},[44,37595,37291],{"class":135},[44,37597,121],{"class":58},[44,37599,37296],{"class":1716},[44,37601,37300],{"class":37299},[44,37603,1155],{"class":58},[44,37605,3530],{"class":117},[44,37607,4747],{"class":54},[44,37609,212],{"class":206},[44,37611,72],{"class":58},[44,37613,3912],{"class":117},[44,37615,100],{"class":58},[44,37617,37618,37620,37622,37624,37626,37628],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,37619,136],{"class":135},[44,37621,121],{"class":58},[44,37623,7742],{"class":2546},[44,37625,121],{"class":58},[44,37627,632],{"class":117},[44,37629,244],{"class":58},[20,37631,247],{},[35,37633,37635],{"className":37,"code":37634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37636,37637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37638,37639,37641,37643,37645,37647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37640,1271],{"class":58},[44,37642,241],{"class":206},[44,37644,72],{"class":58},[44,37646,8956],{"class":206},[44,37648,3286],{"class":58},[20,37650,37651,37652,114],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[270,37653,4785],{"href":5234},[30,37655,37657],{"id":37656},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,37659,37660,37661,21615,37663,114],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37662,37212],{},[367,37664,37665],{},"filter object",[20,37667,37668],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[169,37670,37671,37674,37679],{},[172,37672,37673],{},"loop through it",[172,37675,37676,37677],{},"convert it with ",[15,37678,24421],{},[172,37680,37676,37681],{},[15,37682,37683],{},"tuple()",[20,37685,189],{},[35,37687,37689],{"className":37,"code":37688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37690,37691,37733,37737,37747,37761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37692,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705,37707,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719,37721,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37694,604],{"class":50},[44,37696,55],{"class":54},[44,37698,37291],{"class":135},[44,37700,121],{"class":58},[44,37702,37296],{"class":1716},[44,37704,37300],{"class":37299},[44,37706,1155],{"class":58},[44,37708,3530],{"class":117},[44,37710,3901],{"class":54},[44,37712,488],{"class":206},[44,37714,72],{"class":58},[44,37716,3273],{"class":58},[44,37718,1133],{"class":206},[44,37720,72],{"class":58},[44,37722,488],{"class":206},[44,37724,72],{"class":58},[44,37726,524],{"class":206},[44,37728,72],{"class":58},[44,37730,1114],{"class":206},[44,37732,3538],{"class":58},[44,37734,37735],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37736,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,37738,37739,37741,37743,37745],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37740,136],{"class":135},[44,37742,121],{"class":58},[44,37744,632],{"class":117},[44,37746,100],{"class":58},[44,37748,37749,37751,37753,37755,37757,37759],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,37750,136],{"class":135},[44,37752,121],{"class":58},[44,37754,2868],{"class":2546},[44,37756,121],{"class":58},[44,37758,632],{"class":117},[44,37760,244],{"class":58},[44,37762,37763,37765,37767,37769,37771,37773],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,37764,136],{"class":135},[44,37766,121],{"class":58},[44,37768,7742],{"class":2546},[44,37770,121],{"class":58},[44,37772,632],{"class":117},[44,37774,244],{"class":58},[20,37776,247],{},[35,37778,37780],{"className":37,"code":37779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37781,37782,37796,37810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37783,37784,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37785,2937],{"class":54},[44,37787,37238],{"class":135},[44,37789,24257],{"class":2546},[44,37791,37000],{"class":50},[44,37793,37007],{"class":34094},[44,37795,2951],{"class":54},[44,37797,37798,37800,37802,37804,37806,37808],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37799,2937],{"class":54},[44,37801,2940],{"class":1716},[44,37803,2943],{"class":62},[44,37805,37238],{"class":66},[44,37807,2948],{"class":62},[44,37809,2951],{"class":54},[44,37811,37812,37814,37816,37818,37820],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37813,1271],{"class":58},[44,37815,1141],{"class":206},[44,37817,72],{"class":58},[44,37819,1114],{"class":206},[44,37821,3286],{"class":58},[20,37823,37824],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[338,37826,37828],{"id":37827},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37830,37831],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[35,37833,37835],{"className":37,"code":37834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37836,37837,37879,37883,37897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37838,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855,37857,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869,37871,37873,37875,37877],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37840,604],{"class":50},[44,37842,55],{"class":54},[44,37844,37291],{"class":135},[44,37846,121],{"class":58},[44,37848,37296],{"class":1716},[44,37850,37300],{"class":37299},[44,37852,1155],{"class":58},[44,37854,3530],{"class":117},[44,37856,3901],{"class":54},[44,37858,488],{"class":206},[44,37860,72],{"class":58},[44,37862,3273],{"class":58},[44,37864,1133],{"class":206},[44,37866,72],{"class":58},[44,37868,488],{"class":206},[44,37870,72],{"class":58},[44,37872,524],{"class":206},[44,37874,72],{"class":58},[44,37876,1114],{"class":206},[44,37878,3538],{"class":58},[44,37880,37881],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37882,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,37884,37885,37887,37889,37891,37893,37895],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,37886,136],{"class":135},[44,37888,121],{"class":58},[44,37890,7742],{"class":2546},[44,37892,121],{"class":58},[44,37894,632],{"class":117},[44,37896,244],{"class":58},[44,37898,37899,37901,37903,37905,37907,37909],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,37900,136],{"class":135},[44,37902,121],{"class":58},[44,37904,7742],{"class":2546},[44,37906,121],{"class":58},[44,37908,632],{"class":117},[44,37910,244],{"class":58},[20,37912,247],{},[35,37914,37916],{"className":37,"code":37915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37917,37918,37930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37919,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37921,1271],{"class":58},[44,37923,1141],{"class":206},[44,37925,72],{"class":58},[44,37927,1114],{"class":206},[44,37929,3286],{"class":58},[44,37931,37932],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,37933,37934],{"class":58},"[]\n",[20,37936,37937],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[30,37939,895,37941,8354,37943],{"id":37940},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37942,37212],{},[15,37944,37296],{},[20,37946,14837,37947,37949],{},[15,37948,37296],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37951,37952],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[35,37954,37956],{"className":37,"code":37955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37957,37958,38000,38004,38042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,37959,37960,37962,37964,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37979,37981,37983,37985,37987,37989,37991,37993,37996,37998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,37961,3720],{"class":50},[44,37963,55],{"class":54},[44,37965,3273],{"class":58},[44,37967,63],{"class":62},[44,37969,1209],{"class":66},[44,37971,63],{"class":62},[44,37973,72],{"class":58},[44,37975,75],{"class":62},[44,37977,37978],{"class":66},"kiwi",[44,37980,63],{"class":62},[44,37982,72],{"class":58},[44,37984,75],{"class":62},[44,37986,1218],{"class":66},[44,37988,63],{"class":62},[44,37990,72],{"class":58},[44,37992,75],{"class":62},[44,37994,37995],{"class":66},"fig",[44,37997,63],{"class":62},[44,37999,3286],{"class":58},[44,38001,38002],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38003,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38005,38006,38008,38010,38012,38014,38016,38019,38021,38024,38026,38029,38031,38034,38036,38038,38040],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38007,604],{"class":50},[44,38009,55],{"class":54},[44,38011,37291],{"class":135},[44,38013,121],{"class":58},[44,38015,37296],{"class":1716},[44,38017,38018],{"class":37299}," word",[44,38020,1155],{"class":58},[44,38022,38023],{"class":135}," len",[44,38025,121],{"class":58},[44,38027,38028],{"class":117},"word",[44,38030,144],{"class":58},[44,38032,38033],{"class":54}," >",[44,38035,1114],{"class":206},[44,38037,72],{"class":58},[44,38039,5816],{"class":117},[44,38041,100],{"class":58},[44,38043,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,38045,136],{"class":135},[44,38047,121],{"class":58},[44,38049,7742],{"class":2546},[44,38051,121],{"class":58},[44,38053,632],{"class":117},[44,38055,244],{"class":58},[20,38057,247],{},[35,38059,38061],{"className":37,"code":38060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38062,38063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38064,38065,38067,38069,38071,38073,38075,38077,38079,38081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38066,1271],{"class":58},[44,38068,2948],{"class":62},[44,38070,1209],{"class":66},[44,38072,2948],{"class":62},[44,38074,72],{"class":58},[44,38076,2943],{"class":62},[44,38078,1218],{"class":66},[44,38080,2948],{"class":62},[44,38082,3286],{"class":58},[20,38084,38085],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38087,38088,38089,114],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[270,38090,38092],{"href":38091},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[30,38094,895,38096,38098],{"id":38095},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38097,37212],{}," with a named function",[20,38100,38101,38102,114],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38103,37296],{},[20,38105,38106],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[169,38108,38109,38112,38115],{},[172,38110,38111],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[172,38113,38114],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[172,38116,38117],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[35,38119,38121],{"className":37,"code":38120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38122,38123,38136,38151,38155,38187,38206,38210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38124,38125,38127,38130,38132,38134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38126,34493],{"class":1716},[44,38128,38129],{"class":34496}," is_even",[44,38131,121],{"class":58},[44,38133,1887],{"class":37299},[44,38135,7991],{"class":58},[44,38137,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38139,34504],{"class":805},[44,38141,6035],{"class":50},[44,38143,6051],{"class":54},[44,38145,488],{"class":206},[44,38147,6056],{"class":54},[44,38149,38150],{"class":206}," 0\n",[44,38152,38153],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38154,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38156,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,38158,199],{"class":50},[44,38160,55],{"class":54},[44,38162,3273],{"class":58},[44,38164,1133],{"class":206},[44,38166,72],{"class":58},[44,38168,488],{"class":206},[44,38170,72],{"class":58},[44,38172,524],{"class":206},[44,38174,72],{"class":58},[44,38176,1114],{"class":206},[44,38178,72],{"class":58},[44,38180,939],{"class":206},[44,38182,72],{"class":58},[44,38184,37280],{"class":206},[44,38186,3286],{"class":58},[44,38188,38189,38191,38193,38195,38197,38200,38202,38204],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,38190,604],{"class":50},[44,38192,55],{"class":54},[44,38194,37291],{"class":135},[44,38196,121],{"class":58},[44,38198,38199],{"class":117},"is_even",[44,38201,72],{"class":58},[44,38203,3912],{"class":117},[44,38205,100],{"class":58},[44,38207,38208],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,38209,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38211,38212,38214,38216,38218,38220,38222],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,38213,136],{"class":135},[44,38215,121],{"class":58},[44,38217,7742],{"class":2546},[44,38219,121],{"class":58},[44,38221,632],{"class":117},[44,38223,244],{"class":58},[20,38225,247],{},[35,38227,38229],{"className":37,"code":38228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38230,38231],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38232,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243,38245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38234,1271],{"class":58},[44,38236,1137],{"class":206},[44,38238,72],{"class":58},[44,38240,1114],{"class":206},[44,38242,72],{"class":58},[44,38244,37280],{"class":206},[44,38246,3286],{"class":58},[20,38248,20413,38249,2044,38252,38254],{},[15,38250,38251],{},"is_even()",[15,38253,3254],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[30,38256,895,38258,8354,38260],{"id":38257},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38259,3428],{},[15,38261,37212],{},[20,38263,38264,38265,38267],{},"You can pass ",[15,38266,3428],{}," as the first argument:",[35,38269,38271],{"className":37,"code":38270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38272,38273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38274,38275,38277,38279,38281,38283,38285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38276,37238],{"class":135},[44,38278,121],{"class":58},[44,38280,3428],{"class":3502},[44,38282,72],{"class":58},[44,38284,37502],{"class":117},[44,38286,100],{"class":58},[20,38288,38289,38290,6989],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[367,38291,5244],{},[20,38293,38294],{},"Falsy values include:",[169,38296,38297,38301,38306,38310],{},[172,38298,38299],{},[15,38300,186],{},[172,38302,38303,38305],{},[15,38304,3423],{}," (empty string)",[172,38307,38308],{},[15,38309,3428],{},[172,38311,38312],{},[15,38313,3324],{},[20,38315,189],{},[35,38317,38319],{"className":37,"code":38318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38320,38321,38365,38369,38387],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38322,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38324,7429],{"class":50},[44,38326,55],{"class":54},[44,38328,3273],{"class":58},[44,38330,186],{"class":206},[44,38332,72],{"class":58},[44,38334,519],{"class":206},[44,38336,72],{"class":58},[44,38338,5774],{"class":62},[44,38340,72],{"class":58},[44,38342,75],{"class":62},[44,38344,3495],{"class":66},[44,38346,63],{"class":62},[44,38348,72],{"class":58},[44,38350,3503],{"class":3502},[44,38352,72],{"class":58},[44,38354,3565],{"class":3502},[44,38356,72],{"class":58},[44,38358,3556],{"class":3502},[44,38360,72],{"class":58},[44,38362,939],{"class":206},[44,38364,3286],{"class":58},[44,38366,38367],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38368,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38370,38371,38373,38375,38377,38379,38381,38383,38385],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38372,604],{"class":50},[44,38374,55],{"class":54},[44,38376,37291],{"class":135},[44,38378,121],{"class":58},[44,38380,3428],{"class":3502},[44,38382,72],{"class":58},[44,38384,5614],{"class":117},[44,38386,100],{"class":58},[44,38388,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,38390,136],{"class":135},[44,38392,121],{"class":58},[44,38394,7742],{"class":2546},[44,38396,121],{"class":58},[44,38398,632],{"class":117},[44,38400,244],{"class":58},[20,38402,247],{},[35,38404,38406],{"className":37,"code":38405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38407,38408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38409,38410,38412,38414,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38411,1271],{"class":58},[44,38413,1133],{"class":206},[44,38415,72],{"class":58},[44,38417,2943],{"class":62},[44,38419,3495],{"class":66},[44,38421,2948],{"class":62},[44,38423,72],{"class":58},[44,38425,3565],{"class":3502},[44,38427,72],{"class":58},[44,38429,939],{"class":206},[44,38431,3286],{"class":58},[20,38433,38434],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[30,38436,4609,38438],{"id":38437},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38439,37212],{},[20,38441,651,38442,38444],{},[15,38443,37212],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38446,38447],{},"It works well for:",[169,38449,38450,38453,38456],{},[172,38451,38452],{},"simple filtering rules",[172,38454,38455],{},"quick data cleaning",[172,38457,38458],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38460,189],{},[35,38462,38464],{"className":37,"code":38463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38465,38466,38498,38531,38535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38467,38468,38470,38472,38474,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38469,199],{"class":50},[44,38471,55],{"class":54},[44,38473,3273],{"class":58},[44,38475,1133],{"class":206},[44,38477,72],{"class":58},[44,38479,488],{"class":206},[44,38481,72],{"class":58},[44,38483,524],{"class":206},[44,38485,72],{"class":58},[44,38487,1114],{"class":206},[44,38489,72],{"class":58},[44,38491,939],{"class":206},[44,38493,72],{"class":58},[44,38495,37280],{"class":206},[44,38497,3286],{"class":58},[44,38499,38500,38503,38505,38507,38509,38511,38513,38515,38517,38519,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38501,38502],{"class":50},"evens ",[44,38504,55],{"class":54},[44,38506,37291],{"class":135},[44,38508,121],{"class":58},[44,38510,37296],{"class":1716},[44,38512,37300],{"class":37299},[44,38514,1155],{"class":58},[44,38516,3530],{"class":117},[44,38518,6051],{"class":54},[44,38520,488],{"class":206},[44,38522,6056],{"class":54},[44,38524,3483],{"class":206},[44,38526,72],{"class":58},[44,38528,3912],{"class":117},[44,38530,100],{"class":58},[44,38532,38533],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38534,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38536,38537,38539,38541,38543,38545,38548],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,38538,136],{"class":135},[44,38540,121],{"class":58},[44,38542,7742],{"class":2546},[44,38544,121],{"class":58},[44,38546,38547],{"class":117},"evens",[44,38549,244],{"class":58},[20,38551,247],{},[35,38553,38554],{"className":37,"code":38228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38555,38556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38557,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38559,1271],{"class":58},[44,38561,1137],{"class":206},[44,38563,72],{"class":58},[44,38565,1114],{"class":206},[44,38567,72],{"class":58},[44,38569,37280],{"class":206},[44,38571,3286],{"class":58},[20,38573,38574,38575,38577],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38576,5606],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[35,38579,38581],{"className":37,"code":38580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38582,38583,38615,38623,38627,38639,38655,38670,38674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38584,38585,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595,38597,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611,38613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38586,199],{"class":50},[44,38588,55],{"class":54},[44,38590,3273],{"class":58},[44,38592,1133],{"class":206},[44,38594,72],{"class":58},[44,38596,488],{"class":206},[44,38598,72],{"class":58},[44,38600,524],{"class":206},[44,38602,72],{"class":58},[44,38604,1114],{"class":206},[44,38606,72],{"class":58},[44,38608,939],{"class":206},[44,38610,72],{"class":58},[44,38612,37280],{"class":206},[44,38614,3286],{"class":58},[44,38616,38617,38619,38621],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38618,38502],{"class":50},[44,38620,55],{"class":54},[44,38622,7487],{"class":58},[44,38624,38625],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38626,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38628,38629,38631,38633,38635,38637],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,38630,5606],{"class":805},[44,38632,6035],{"class":50},[44,38634,1383],{"class":805},[44,38636,3912],{"class":50},[44,38638,820],{"class":58},[44,38640,38641,38643,38645,38647,38649,38651,38653],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,38642,6046],{"class":805},[44,38644,6035],{"class":50},[44,38646,6051],{"class":54},[44,38648,488],{"class":206},[44,38650,6056],{"class":54},[44,38652,3483],{"class":206},[44,38654,820],{"class":58},[44,38656,38657,38660,38662,38664,38666,38668],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,38658,38659],{"class":50},"        evens",[44,38661,114],{"class":58},[44,38663,13201],{"class":117},[44,38665,121],{"class":58},[44,38667,1887],{"class":117},[44,38669,100],{"class":58},[44,38671,38672],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,38673,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38675,38676,38678,38680,38682],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,38677,136],{"class":135},[44,38679,121],{"class":58},[44,38681,38547],{"class":117},[44,38683,100],{"class":58},[20,38685,247],{},[35,38687,38688],{"className":37,"code":38228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38689,38690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38691,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702,38704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38693,1271],{"class":58},[44,38695,1137],{"class":206},[44,38697,72],{"class":58},[44,38699,1114],{"class":206},[44,38701,72],{"class":58},[44,38703,37280],{"class":206},[44,38705,3286],{"class":58},[20,38707,38708],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[35,38710,38712],{"className":37,"code":38711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38713,38714,38746,38779,38783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38715,38716,38718,38720,38722,38724,38726,38728,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740,38742,38744],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38717,199],{"class":50},[44,38719,55],{"class":54},[44,38721,3273],{"class":58},[44,38723,1133],{"class":206},[44,38725,72],{"class":58},[44,38727,488],{"class":206},[44,38729,72],{"class":58},[44,38731,524],{"class":206},[44,38733,72],{"class":58},[44,38735,1114],{"class":206},[44,38737,72],{"class":58},[44,38739,939],{"class":206},[44,38741,72],{"class":58},[44,38743,37280],{"class":206},[44,38745,3286],{"class":58},[44,38747,38748,38750,38752,38754,38756,38758,38760,38762,38765,38767,38769,38771,38773,38775,38777],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38749,38502],{"class":50},[44,38751,55],{"class":54},[44,38753,3273],{"class":58},[44,38755,1865],{"class":50},[44,38757,5606],{"class":805},[44,38759,6035],{"class":50},[44,38761,1383],{"class":805},[44,38763,38764],{"class":50}," numbers ",[44,38766,806],{"class":805},[44,38768,6035],{"class":50},[44,38770,6051],{"class":54},[44,38772,488],{"class":206},[44,38774,6056],{"class":54},[44,38776,3483],{"class":206},[44,38778,3286],{"class":58},[44,38780,38781],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,38782,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,38784,38785,38787,38789,38791],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,38786,136],{"class":135},[44,38788,121],{"class":58},[44,38790,38547],{"class":117},[44,38792,100],{"class":58},[20,38794,247],{},[35,38796,38797],{"className":37,"code":38228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,38798,38799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38800,38801,38803,38805,38807,38809,38811,38813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38802,1271],{"class":58},[44,38804,1137],{"class":206},[44,38806,72],{"class":58},[44,38808,1114],{"class":206},[44,38810,72],{"class":58},[44,38812,37280],{"class":206},[44,38814,3286],{"class":58},[20,38816,38817,38818,114],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[270,38819,38821],{"href":38820},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[30,38823,1299],{"id":1298},[20,38825,14382,38826,114],{},[15,38827,37212],{},[338,38829,1312,38831,38833],{"id":38830},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38832,37212],{}," to return a list",[20,38835,38836],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[35,38838,38840],{"className":37,"code":38839,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38841,38842,38884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38843,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854,38856,38858,38860,38862,38864,38866,38868,38870,38872,38874,38876,38878,38880,38882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38845,604],{"class":50},[44,38847,55],{"class":54},[44,38849,37291],{"class":135},[44,38851,121],{"class":58},[44,38853,37296],{"class":1716},[44,38855,37300],{"class":37299},[44,38857,1155],{"class":58},[44,38859,3530],{"class":117},[44,38861,3901],{"class":54},[44,38863,488],{"class":206},[44,38865,72],{"class":58},[44,38867,3273],{"class":58},[44,38869,1133],{"class":206},[44,38871,72],{"class":58},[44,38873,488],{"class":206},[44,38875,72],{"class":58},[44,38877,524],{"class":206},[44,38879,72],{"class":58},[44,38881,1114],{"class":206},[44,38883,3538],{"class":58},[44,38885,38886,38888,38890,38892],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38887,136],{"class":135},[44,38889,121],{"class":58},[44,38891,632],{"class":117},[44,38893,100],{"class":58},[20,38895,38896],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38898,38899],{},"Fix:",[35,38901,38903],{"className":37,"code":38902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38904,38905,38947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38906,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917,38919,38921,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38908,604],{"class":50},[44,38910,55],{"class":54},[44,38912,37291],{"class":135},[44,38914,121],{"class":58},[44,38916,37296],{"class":1716},[44,38918,37300],{"class":37299},[44,38920,1155],{"class":58},[44,38922,3530],{"class":117},[44,38924,3901],{"class":54},[44,38926,488],{"class":206},[44,38928,72],{"class":58},[44,38930,3273],{"class":58},[44,38932,1133],{"class":206},[44,38934,72],{"class":58},[44,38936,488],{"class":206},[44,38938,72],{"class":58},[44,38940,524],{"class":206},[44,38942,72],{"class":58},[44,38944,1114],{"class":206},[44,38946,3538],{"class":58},[44,38948,38949,38951,38953,38955,38957,38959],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38950,136],{"class":135},[44,38952,121],{"class":58},[44,38954,7742],{"class":2546},[44,38956,121],{"class":58},[44,38958,632],{"class":117},[44,38960,244],{"class":58},[338,38962,38964,38965,2522,38967,38969],{"id":38963},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38966,3254],{},[15,38968,3324],{}," clearly",[20,38971,38972],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38974,38975],{},"Good example:",[35,38977,38979],{"className":37,"code":38978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38980,38981,38994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,38982,38983,38985,38988,38990,38992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,38984,34493],{"class":1716},[44,38986,38987],{"class":34496}," is_positive",[44,38989,121],{"class":58},[44,38991,1887],{"class":37299},[44,38993,7991],{"class":58},[44,38995,38996,38998,39000,39002],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,38997,34504],{"class":805},[44,38999,6035],{"class":50},[44,39001,3901],{"class":54},[44,39003,38150],{"class":206},[20,39005,39006],{},"Then use it with:",[35,39008,39010],{"className":37,"code":39009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39011,39012,39044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39013,39014,39016,39018,39020,39022,39024,39026,39028,39030,39032,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39015,199],{"class":50},[44,39017,55],{"class":54},[44,39019,3273],{"class":58},[44,39021,1674],{"class":54},[44,39023,1137],{"class":206},[44,39025,72],{"class":58},[44,39027,1870],{"class":54},[44,39029,1133],{"class":206},[44,39031,72],{"class":58},[44,39033,3483],{"class":206},[44,39035,72],{"class":58},[44,39037,519],{"class":206},[44,39039,72],{"class":58},[44,39041,488],{"class":206},[44,39043,3286],{"class":58},[44,39045,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39061,39063,39065],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39047,136],{"class":135},[44,39049,121],{"class":58},[44,39051,7742],{"class":2546},[44,39053,121],{"class":58},[44,39055,37238],{"class":135},[44,39057,121],{"class":58},[44,39059,39060],{"class":117},"is_positive",[44,39062,72],{"class":58},[44,39064,3912],{"class":117},[44,39066,2557],{"class":58},[20,39068,247],{},[35,39070,39072],{"className":37,"code":39071,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39073,39074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39075,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39077,1271],{"class":58},[44,39079,1133],{"class":206},[44,39081,72],{"class":58},[44,39083,488],{"class":206},[44,39085,3286],{"class":58},[338,39087,39089],{"id":39088},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39091,39092],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[35,39094,39095],{"className":37,"code":37834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39096,39097,39139,39143,39157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39098,39099,39101,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127,39129,39131,39133,39135,39137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39100,604],{"class":50},[44,39102,55],{"class":54},[44,39104,37291],{"class":135},[44,39106,121],{"class":58},[44,39108,37296],{"class":1716},[44,39110,37300],{"class":37299},[44,39112,1155],{"class":58},[44,39114,3530],{"class":117},[44,39116,3901],{"class":54},[44,39118,488],{"class":206},[44,39120,72],{"class":58},[44,39122,3273],{"class":58},[44,39124,1133],{"class":206},[44,39126,72],{"class":58},[44,39128,488],{"class":206},[44,39130,72],{"class":58},[44,39132,524],{"class":206},[44,39134,72],{"class":58},[44,39136,1114],{"class":206},[44,39138,3538],{"class":58},[44,39140,39141],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39142,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,39144,39145,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39146,136],{"class":135},[44,39148,121],{"class":58},[44,39150,7742],{"class":2546},[44,39152,121],{"class":58},[44,39154,632],{"class":117},[44,39156,244],{"class":58},[44,39158,39159,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,39160,136],{"class":135},[44,39162,121],{"class":58},[44,39164,7742],{"class":2546},[44,39166,121],{"class":58},[44,39168,632],{"class":117},[44,39170,244],{"class":58},[20,39172,247],{},[35,39174,39175],{"className":37,"code":37915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,39176,39177,39189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39178,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39180,1271],{"class":58},[44,39182,1141],{"class":206},[44,39184,72],{"class":58},[44,39186,1114],{"class":206},[44,39188,3286],{"class":58},[44,39190,39191],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39192,37934],{"class":58},[20,39194,39195],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[35,39197,39199],{"className":37,"code":39198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39200,39201,39247,39251,39261],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39202,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39219,39221,39223,39225,39227,39229,39231,39233,39235,39237,39239,39241,39243,39245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39204,604],{"class":50},[44,39206,55],{"class":54},[44,39208,22199],{"class":2546},[44,39210,121],{"class":58},[44,39212,37238],{"class":135},[44,39214,121],{"class":58},[44,39216,37296],{"class":1716},[44,39218,37300],{"class":37299},[44,39220,1155],{"class":58},[44,39222,3530],{"class":117},[44,39224,3901],{"class":54},[44,39226,488],{"class":206},[44,39228,72],{"class":58},[44,39230,3273],{"class":58},[44,39232,1133],{"class":206},[44,39234,72],{"class":58},[44,39236,488],{"class":206},[44,39238,72],{"class":58},[44,39240,524],{"class":206},[44,39242,72],{"class":58},[44,39244,1114],{"class":206},[44,39246,2644],{"class":58},[44,39248,39249],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39250,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,39252,39253,39255,39257,39259],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39254,136],{"class":135},[44,39256,121],{"class":58},[44,39258,632],{"class":117},[44,39260,100],{"class":58},[44,39262,39263,39265,39267,39269],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,39264,136],{"class":135},[44,39266,121],{"class":58},[44,39268,632],{"class":117},[44,39270,100],{"class":58},[338,39272,39274],{"id":39273},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39276,39277],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39279,16291],{},[35,39281,39283],{"className":37,"code":39282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39284,39285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39286,39287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39288,39282],{"class":147},[20,39290,752,39291,6200],{},[15,39292,207],{},[20,39294,16303],{},[35,39296,39298],{"className":37,"code":39297,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39299,39300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39301,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318,39320,39322,39324,39326,39328,39330,39332,39334,39336,39338,39340,39342,39344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39303,136],{"class":135},[44,39305,121],{"class":58},[44,39307,7742],{"class":2546},[44,39309,121],{"class":58},[44,39311,37238],{"class":135},[44,39313,121],{"class":58},[44,39315,37296],{"class":1716},[44,39317,37300],{"class":37299},[44,39319,1155],{"class":58},[44,39321,3530],{"class":117},[44,39323,3901],{"class":54},[44,39325,488],{"class":206},[44,39327,72],{"class":58},[44,39329,3273],{"class":58},[44,39331,1133],{"class":206},[44,39333,72],{"class":58},[44,39335,488],{"class":206},[44,39337,72],{"class":58},[44,39339,524],{"class":206},[44,39341,72],{"class":58},[44,39343,1114],{"class":206},[44,39345,36901],{"class":58},[338,39347,1330,39349,8354,39351],{"id":39348},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39350,37212],{},[15,39352,39353],{},"map()",[169,39355,39356,39361],{},[172,39357,39358,39360],{},[15,39359,37212],{}," keeps or removes items",[172,39362,39363,39365],{},[15,39364,39353],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39367,39368,39369,1155],{},"Example of ",[15,39370,37212],{},[35,39372,39374],{"className":37,"code":39373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39375,39376,39400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39377,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39379,199],{"class":50},[44,39381,55],{"class":54},[44,39383,3273],{"class":58},[44,39385,1133],{"class":206},[44,39387,72],{"class":58},[44,39389,488],{"class":206},[44,39391,72],{"class":58},[44,39393,524],{"class":206},[44,39395,72],{"class":58},[44,39397,1114],{"class":206},[44,39399,3286],{"class":58},[44,39401,39402,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414,39416,39418,39420,39422,39424,39426,39428,39430],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39403,136],{"class":135},[44,39405,121],{"class":58},[44,39407,7742],{"class":2546},[44,39409,121],{"class":58},[44,39411,37238],{"class":135},[44,39413,121],{"class":58},[44,39415,37296],{"class":1716},[44,39417,37300],{"class":37299},[44,39419,1155],{"class":58},[44,39421,3530],{"class":117},[44,39423,3901],{"class":54},[44,39425,488],{"class":206},[44,39427,72],{"class":58},[44,39429,3912],{"class":117},[44,39431,2557],{"class":58},[20,39433,247],{},[35,39435,39437],{"className":37,"code":39436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39438,39439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39440,39441,39443,39445,39447,39449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39442,1271],{"class":58},[44,39444,1141],{"class":206},[44,39446,72],{"class":58},[44,39448,1114],{"class":206},[44,39450,3286],{"class":58},[20,39452,39368,39453,1155],{},[15,39454,39353],{},[35,39456,39458],{"className":37,"code":39457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39459,39460,39484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39461,39462,39464,39466,39468,39470,39472,39474,39476,39478,39480,39482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39463,199],{"class":50},[44,39465,55],{"class":54},[44,39467,3273],{"class":58},[44,39469,1133],{"class":206},[44,39471,72],{"class":58},[44,39473,488],{"class":206},[44,39475,72],{"class":58},[44,39477,524],{"class":206},[44,39479,72],{"class":58},[44,39481,1114],{"class":206},[44,39483,3286],{"class":58},[44,39485,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39497,39499,39501,39503,39505,39507,39510,39512,39514,39516],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39487,136],{"class":135},[44,39489,121],{"class":58},[44,39491,7742],{"class":2546},[44,39493,121],{"class":58},[44,39495,39496],{"class":135},"map",[44,39498,121],{"class":58},[44,39500,37296],{"class":1716},[44,39502,37300],{"class":37299},[44,39504,1155],{"class":58},[44,39506,3530],{"class":117},[44,39508,39509],{"class":54},"*",[44,39511,488],{"class":206},[44,39513,72],{"class":58},[44,39515,3912],{"class":117},[44,39517,2557],{"class":58},[20,39519,247],{},[35,39521,39523],{"className":37,"code":39522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39524,39525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39526,39527,39529,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539,39541,39543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39528,1271],{"class":58},[44,39530,1137],{"class":206},[44,39532,72],{"class":58},[44,39534,1114],{"class":206},[44,39536,72],{"class":58},[44,39538,37280],{"class":206},[44,39540,72],{"class":58},[44,39542,6008],{"class":206},[44,39544,3286],{"class":58},[20,39546,39547,39548,114],{},"For the related function, see ",[270,39549,3225,39551,3158],{"href":39550},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39552,39353],{},[30,39554,1497],{"id":1496},[338,39556,12355,39558,39560],{"id":39557},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39559,37212],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39562,39563,39564,39566],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39565,24421],{}," if needed.",[338,39568,39570,39571,39573],{"id":39569},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39572,37212],{}," need to return?",[20,39575,37519,39576,39578,39579,39581],{},[15,39577,3254],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39580,3324],{}," to remove it.",[338,39583,27967,39585,39587],{"id":39584},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39586,37212],{}," without lambda?",[20,39589,39590],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[338,39592,1501,39594,39597],{"id":39593},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39595,39596],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39599,39600,39601,39603,39604,1138,39606,114],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39602,186],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39605,3428],{},[15,39607,3324],{},[338,39609,21061,39611,39613],{"id":39610},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39612,37212],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39615,39616,39617,39619],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39618,5606],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39621,39622],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[169,39624,39625,39631,39637],{},[172,39626,39627,39628,39630],{},"use ",[15,39629,37212],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[172,39632,39633,39634,39636],{},"use a ",[15,39635,5606],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[172,39638,39639],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39641,39642,39643,114],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[270,39644,4781],{"href":39645},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[30,39647,1554],{"id":1553},[169,39649,39650,39655,39659,39664,39670],{},[172,39651,39652],{},[270,39653,39654],{"href":38091},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[172,39656,39657],{},[270,39658,4870],{"href":39645},[172,39660,39661],{},[270,39662,39663],{"href":38820},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[172,39665,39666],{},[270,39667,3225,39668,3158],{"href":39550},[15,39669,39353],{},[172,39671,39672],{},[270,39673,4865],{"href":5234},[1583,39675,39676],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":39678},[39679,39680,39682,39686,39689,39691,39693,39695,39697,39707,39719],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":37346,"depth":103,"text":39681},"What filter() does",{"id":37480,"depth":103,"text":37481,"children":39683},[39684,39685],{"id":37497,"depth":132,"text":37497},{"id":3370,"depth":132,"text":3370},{"id":37656,"depth":103,"text":37657,"children":39687},[39688],{"id":37827,"depth":132,"text":37828},{"id":37940,"depth":103,"text":39690},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38095,"depth":103,"text":39692},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38257,"depth":103,"text":39694},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38437,"depth":103,"text":39696},"When to use filter()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":39698},[39699,39701,39703,39704,39705],{"id":38830,"depth":132,"text":39700},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38963,"depth":132,"text":39702},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39088,"depth":132,"text":39089},{"id":39273,"depth":132,"text":39274},{"id":39348,"depth":132,"text":39706},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":39708},[39709,39711,39713,39715,39717],{"id":39557,"depth":132,"text":39710},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39569,"depth":132,"text":39712},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39584,"depth":132,"text":39714},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39593,"depth":132,"text":39716},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39610,"depth":132,"text":39718},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37204,"description":39720},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39727,"title":39728,"body":39729,"description":41880,"extension":1616,"meta":41881,"navigation":434,"path":41882,"seo":41883,"stem":41884,"__hash__":41885},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39730,"toc":41834},[39731,39734,39739,39745,39747,39799,39801,39820,39825,39829,39834,39837,39852,39855,39877,39879,39928,39930,39954,39956,39958,39973,39978,39986,40001,40003,40012,40015,40050,40054,40059,40063,40070,40105,40107,40123,40127,40130,40171,40173,40187,40191,40194,40218,40220,40229,40233,40236,40269,40271,40284,40288,40294,40313,40315,40323,40327,40332,40336,40341,40364,40366,40395,40398,40417,40421,40424,40451,40453,40487,40491,40494,40518,40522,40533,40535,40540,40546,40548,40632,40634,40676,40679,40683,40690,40699,40755,40762,40771,40776,40780,40851,40853,40862,40866,40869,40912,40914,40923,40927,40933,40983,40987,40992,40996,41020,41022,41031,41035,41059,41061,41072,41076,41100,41102,41111,41114,41131,41137,41141,41147,41150,41155,41158,41179,41181,41213,41216,41221,41223,41234,41236,41280,41284,41291,41343,41345,41354,41358,41361,41454,41457,41481,41485,41488,41580,41585,41589,41596,41601,41625,41627,41636,41641,41664,41666,41674,41681,41704,41712,41714,41727,41737,41739,41743,41750,41754,41763,41767,41774,41778,41782,41786,41799,41801,41831],[10,39732,39728],{"id":39733},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39735,8773,39736,39738],{},[15,39737,2528],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39740,39741,39742,39744],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39743,2528],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[30,39746,33],{"id":32},[35,39748,39750],{"className":37,"code":39749,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39751,39752,39766,39785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39753,39754,39756,39758,39760,39762,39764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39755,136],{"class":135},[44,39757,121],{"class":58},[44,39759,1840],{"class":2546},[44,39761,121],{"class":58},[44,39763,929],{"class":206},[44,39765,244],{"class":58},[44,39767,39768,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778,39781,39783],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39769,136],{"class":135},[44,39771,121],{"class":58},[44,39773,1840],{"class":2546},[44,39775,121],{"class":58},[44,39777,63],{"class":62},[44,39779,39780],{"class":66},"3.14",[44,39782,63],{"class":62},[44,39784,244],{"class":58},[44,39786,39787,39789,39791,39793,39795,39797],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39788,136],{"class":135},[44,39790,121],{"class":58},[44,39792,1840],{"class":2546},[44,39794,121],{"class":58},[44,39796,3254],{"class":3502},[44,39798,244],{"class":58},[20,39800,247],{},[35,39802,39804],{"className":37,"code":39803,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39805,39806,39810,39815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39807,39808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39809,2124],{"class":206},[44,39811,39812],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39813,39814],{"class":206},"3.14\n",[44,39816,39817],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39818,39819],{"class":206},"1.0\n",[20,39821,651,39822,39824],{},[15,39823,2528],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[30,39826,39828],{"id":39827},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39830,39831,39833],{},[15,39832,2528],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39835,39836],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[169,39838,39839,39843,39847],{},[172,39840,39841],{},[15,39842,2136],{},[172,39844,39845],{},[15,39846,39780],{},[172,39848,39849],{},[15,39850,39851],{},"0.5",[20,39853,39854],{},"A few key points:",[169,39856,39857,39864,39867,39870],{},[172,39858,39859,39861,39862],{},[15,39860,2528],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39863,1840],{},[172,39865,39866],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[172,39868,39869],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[172,39871,39872,39873],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[270,39874,39875],{"href":7868},[15,39876,2603],{},[20,39878,189],{},[35,39880,39882],{"className":37,"code":39881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39883,39884,39904,39914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39885,39886,39888,39890,39893,39895,39897,39900,39902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39887,1865],{"class":50},[44,39889,55],{"class":54},[44,39891,39892],{"class":2546}," float",[44,39894,121],{"class":58},[44,39896,63],{"class":62},[44,39898,39899],{"class":66},"2.75",[44,39901,63],{"class":62},[44,39903,100],{"class":58},[44,39905,39906,39908,39910,39912],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39907,136],{"class":135},[44,39909,121],{"class":58},[44,39911,1887],{"class":117},[44,39913,100],{"class":58},[44,39915,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,39917,136],{"class":135},[44,39919,121],{"class":58},[44,39921,2868],{"class":2546},[44,39923,121],{"class":58},[44,39925,1887],{"class":117},[44,39927,244],{"class":58},[20,39929,247],{},[35,39931,39933],{"className":37,"code":39932,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39934,39935,39940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39936,39937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39938,39939],{"class":206},"2.75\n",[44,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39952],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,39943,2937],{"class":54},[44,39945,2940],{"class":1716},[44,39947,2943],{"class":62},[44,39949,1840],{"class":66},[44,39951,2948],{"class":62},[44,39953,2951],{"class":54},[30,39955,277],{"id":276},[20,39957,6867],{},[35,39959,39961],{"className":37,"code":39960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"float(value)\n",[15,39962,39963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39964,39965,39967,39969,39971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39966,1840],{"class":2546},[44,39968,121],{"class":58},[44,39970,302],{"class":117},[44,39972,100],{"class":58},[20,39974,39975,39976,114],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39977,2528],{},[20,39979,39980,39981,39983,39984,1155],{},"If you call ",[15,39982,2528],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39985,3418],{},[35,39987,39989],{"className":37,"code":39988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float())\n",[15,39990,39991],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,39992,39993,39995,39997,39999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,39994,136],{"class":135},[44,39996,121],{"class":58},[44,39998,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40000,6843],{"class":58},[20,40002,247],{},[35,40004,40006],{"className":37,"code":40005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0.0\n",[15,40007,40008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40009,40010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40011,40005],{"class":206},[20,40013,40014],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[35,40016,40018],{"className":37,"code":40017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40019,40020,40040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40021,40022,40025,40027,40029,40031,40033,40036,40038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40023,40024],{"class":50},"price ",[44,40026,55],{"class":54},[44,40028,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40030,121],{"class":58},[44,40032,63],{"class":62},[44,40034,40035],{"class":66},"19.99",[44,40037,63],{"class":62},[44,40039,100],{"class":58},[44,40041,40042,40044,40046,40048],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40043,136],{"class":135},[44,40045,121],{"class":58},[44,40047,24790],{"class":117},[44,40049,100],{"class":58},[30,40051,40053],{"id":40052},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40055,40056,40058],{},[15,40057,2528],{}," can convert several common value types.",[338,40060,40062],{"id":40061},"integers","Integers",[20,40064,40065,40066,40069],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40067,40068],{},".0"," added:",[35,40071,40073],{"className":37,"code":40072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40074,40075,40089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40076,40077,40079,40081,40083,40085,40087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40078,136],{"class":135},[44,40080,121],{"class":58},[44,40082,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40084,121],{"class":58},[44,40086,929],{"class":206},[44,40088,244],{"class":58},[44,40090,40091,40093,40095,40097,40099,40101,40103],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40092,136],{"class":135},[44,40094,121],{"class":58},[44,40096,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40098,121],{"class":58},[44,40100,1674],{"class":54},[44,40102,1137],{"class":206},[44,40104,244],{"class":58},[20,40106,247],{},[35,40108,40110],{"className":37,"code":40109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40111,40112,40116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40113,40114],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40115,2124],{"class":206},[44,40117,40118,40120],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40119,1674],{"class":54},[44,40121,40122],{"class":206},"2.0\n",[338,40124,40126],{"id":40125},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40128,40129],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[35,40131,40133],{"className":37,"code":40132,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40134,40135,40153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40136,40137,40139,40141,40143,40145,40147,40149,40151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40138,136],{"class":135},[44,40140,121],{"class":58},[44,40142,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40144,121],{"class":58},[44,40146,63],{"class":62},[44,40148,39780],{"class":66},[44,40150,63],{"class":62},[44,40152,244],{"class":58},[44,40154,40155,40157,40159,40161,40163,40165,40167,40169],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40156,136],{"class":135},[44,40158,121],{"class":58},[44,40160,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40162,121],{"class":58},[44,40164,63],{"class":62},[44,40166,207],{"class":66},[44,40168,63],{"class":62},[44,40170,244],{"class":58},[20,40172,247],{},[35,40174,40176],{"className":37,"code":40175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40177,40178,40182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40179,40180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40181,39814],{"class":206},[44,40183,40184],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40185,40186],{"class":206},"10.0\n",[338,40188,40190],{"id":40189},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40192,40193],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[35,40195,40197],{"className":37,"code":40196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40198,40199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40200,40201,40203,40205,40207,40209,40211,40214,40216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40202,136],{"class":135},[44,40204,121],{"class":58},[44,40206,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40208,121],{"class":58},[44,40210,63],{"class":62},[44,40212,40213],{"class":66},"  8.5  ",[44,40215,63],{"class":62},[44,40217,244],{"class":58},[20,40219,247],{},[35,40221,40223],{"className":37,"code":40222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8.5\n",[15,40224,40225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40226,40227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40228,40222],{"class":206},[338,40230,40232],{"id":40231},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40234,40235],{},"Boolean values also work:",[35,40237,40239],{"className":37,"code":40238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40240,40241,40255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40242,40243,40245,40247,40249,40251,40253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40244,136],{"class":135},[44,40246,121],{"class":58},[44,40248,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40250,121],{"class":58},[44,40252,3254],{"class":3502},[44,40254,244],{"class":58},[44,40256,40257,40259,40261,40263,40265,40267],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40258,136],{"class":135},[44,40260,121],{"class":58},[44,40262,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40264,121],{"class":58},[44,40266,3324],{"class":3502},[44,40268,244],{"class":58},[20,40270,247],{},[35,40272,40274],{"className":37,"code":40273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40275,40276,40280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40277,40278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40279,39819],{"class":206},[44,40281,40282],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40283,40005],{"class":206},[338,40285,40287],{"id":40286},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40289,40290,40291,40293],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40292,2528],{}," returns a float version of it:",[35,40295,40297],{"className":37,"code":40296,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40298,40299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40300,40301,40303,40305,40307,40309,40311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40302,136],{"class":135},[44,40304,121],{"class":58},[44,40306,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40308,121],{"class":58},[44,40310,2009],{"class":206},[44,40312,244],{"class":58},[20,40314,247],{},[35,40316,40317],{"className":37,"code":2033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,40318,40319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40320,40321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40322,2033],{"class":206},[30,40324,40326],{"id":40325},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40328,40329,40330,114],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40331,2528],{},[338,40333,40335],{"id":40334},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40337,40338,40339,1155],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40340,686],{},[35,40342,40344],{"className":37,"code":40343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40345,40346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40347,40348,40350,40352,40354,40356,40358,40360,40362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40349,136],{"class":135},[44,40351,121],{"class":58},[44,40353,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40355,121],{"class":58},[44,40357,63],{"class":62},[44,40359,3495],{"class":66},[44,40361,63],{"class":62},[44,40363,244],{"class":58},[20,40365,29320],{},[35,40367,40369],{"className":37,"code":40368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40370,40371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40372,40373,40375,40377,40380,40382,40385,40387,40389,40391,40393],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40374,686],{"class":2546},[44,40376,1155],{"class":58},[44,40378,40379],{"class":50}," could ",[44,40381,881],{"class":54},[44,40383,40384],{"class":50}," convert string to ",[44,40386,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40388,1155],{"class":58},[44,40390,2943],{"class":62},[44,40392,3495],{"class":66},[44,40394,29339],{"class":62},[20,40396,40397],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[35,40399,40401],{"className":37,"code":40400,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40402,40403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40404,40405,40407,40409,40411,40413,40415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40406,136],{"class":135},[44,40408,121],{"class":58},[44,40410,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40412,121],{"class":58},[44,40414,5920],{"class":62},[44,40416,244],{"class":58},[338,40418,40420],{"id":40419},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40422,40423],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[35,40425,40427],{"className":37,"code":40426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40428,40429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40430,40431,40433,40435,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445,40447,40449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40432,136],{"class":135},[44,40434,121],{"class":58},[44,40436,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40438,2631],{"class":58},[44,40440,1133],{"class":206},[44,40442,72],{"class":58},[44,40444,488],{"class":206},[44,40446,72],{"class":58},[44,40448,524],{"class":206},[44,40450,2644],{"class":58},[20,40452,29320],{},[35,40454,40456],{"className":37,"code":40455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40457,40458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40459,40460,40462,40464,40466,40468,40471,40474,40477,40479,40481,40483,40485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40461,2650],{"class":2546},[44,40463,1155],{"class":58},[44,40465,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40467,7015],{"class":58},[44,40469,40470],{"class":50}," argument must be a string ",[44,40472,40473],{"class":54},"or",[44,40475,40476],{"class":50}," a real number",[44,40478,72],{"class":58},[44,40480,7748],{"class":54},[44,40482,2943],{"class":62},[44,40484,7742],{"class":66},[44,40486,29339],{"class":62},[338,40488,40490],{"id":40489},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40492,40493],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[35,40495,40497],{"className":37,"code":40496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40498,40499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40500,40501,40503,40505,40507,40509,40511,40514,40516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40502,136],{"class":135},[44,40504,121],{"class":58},[44,40506,1840],{"class":2546},[44,40508,121],{"class":58},[44,40510,63],{"class":62},[44,40512,40513],{"class":66},"3,14",[44,40515,63],{"class":62},[44,40517,244],{"class":58},[20,40519,2647,40520,114],{},[15,40521,686],{},[20,40523,40524,40525,898,40529,114],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[270,40526,40528],{"href":40527},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[270,40530,40532],{"href":40531},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[30,40534,17063],{"id":17062},[20,40536,40537,40539],{},[15,40538,2528],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40541,40542,40543,40545],{},"It does ",[367,40544,881],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40547,189],{},[35,40549,40551],{"className":37,"code":40550,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40552,40553,40566,40580,40584,40594,40604,40618],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40554,40555,40557,40559,40561,40564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40556,34329],{"class":50},[44,40558,55],{"class":54},[44,40560,75],{"class":62},[44,40562,40563],{"class":66},"6.5",[44,40565,3007],{"class":62},[44,40567,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576,40578],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40569,1865],{"class":50},[44,40571,55],{"class":54},[44,40573,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40575,121],{"class":58},[44,40577,34350],{"class":117},[44,40579,100],{"class":58},[44,40581,40582],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40583,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,40585,40586,40588,40590,40592],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,40587,136],{"class":135},[44,40589,121],{"class":58},[44,40591,34350],{"class":117},[44,40593,100],{"class":58},[44,40595,40596,40598,40600,40602],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,40597,136],{"class":135},[44,40599,121],{"class":58},[44,40601,1887],{"class":117},[44,40603,100],{"class":58},[44,40605,40606,40608,40610,40612,40614,40616],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,40607,136],{"class":135},[44,40609,121],{"class":58},[44,40611,2868],{"class":2546},[44,40613,121],{"class":58},[44,40615,34350],{"class":117},[44,40617,244],{"class":58},[44,40619,40620,40622,40624,40626,40628,40630],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,40621,136],{"class":135},[44,40623,121],{"class":58},[44,40625,2868],{"class":2546},[44,40627,121],{"class":58},[44,40629,1887],{"class":117},[44,40631,244],{"class":58},[20,40633,247],{},[35,40635,40637],{"className":37,"code":40636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40638,40639,40644,40648,40662],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40640,40641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40642,40643],{"class":206},"6.5\n",[44,40645,40646],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40647,40643],{"class":206},[44,40649,40650,40652,40654,40656,40658,40660],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40651,2937],{"class":54},[44,40653,2940],{"class":1716},[44,40655,2943],{"class":62},[44,40657,3092],{"class":66},[44,40659,2948],{"class":62},[44,40661,2951],{"class":54},[44,40663,40664,40666,40668,40670,40672,40674],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,40665,2937],{"class":54},[44,40667,2940],{"class":1716},[44,40669,2943],{"class":62},[44,40671,1840],{"class":66},[44,40673,2948],{"class":62},[44,40675,2951],{"class":54},[20,40677,40678],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[30,40680,40682],{"id":40681},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[338,40684,40686,40687,40689],{"id":40685},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40688,2603],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40691,164,40692,40696,40697,114],{},[270,40693,40694,1950],{"href":7868},[15,40695,2603],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40698,2528],{},[35,40700,40702],{"className":37,"code":40701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40703,40704,40723,40737,40741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40705,40706,40708,40710,40712,40714,40716,40719,40721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40707,7886],{"class":50},[44,40709,55],{"class":54},[44,40711,7891],{"class":135},[44,40713,121],{"class":58},[44,40715,63],{"class":62},[44,40717,40718],{"class":66},"Enter a price: ",[44,40720,63],{"class":62},[44,40722,100],{"class":58},[44,40724,40725,40727,40729,40731,40733,40735],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40726,40024],{"class":50},[44,40728,55],{"class":54},[44,40730,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40732,121],{"class":58},[44,40734,7915],{"class":117},[44,40736,100],{"class":58},[44,40738,40739],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40740,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,40742,40743,40745,40747,40749,40751,40753],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,40744,136],{"class":135},[44,40746,121],{"class":58},[44,40748,40024],{"class":117},[44,40750,39509],{"class":54},[44,40752,488],{"class":206},[44,40754,100],{"class":58},[20,40756,40757,40758,40761],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40759,40760],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[35,40763,40765],{"className":37,"code":40764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"9.0\n",[15,40766,40767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40768,40769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40770,40764],{"class":206},[20,40772,40773,40774,114],{},"For more help with this, see ",[270,40775,8631],{"href":8630},[338,40777,40779],{"id":40778},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[35,40781,40783],{"className":37,"code":40782,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40784,40785,40798,40811,40815,40840],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40786,40787,40789,40791,40793,40796],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40788,2198],{"class":50},[44,40790,55],{"class":54},[44,40792,75],{"class":62},[44,40794,40795],{"class":66},"2.5",[44,40797,3007],{"class":62},[44,40799,40800,40802,40804,40806,40809],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40801,2226],{"class":50},[44,40803,55],{"class":54},[44,40805,75],{"class":62},[44,40807,40808],{"class":66},"1.5",[44,40810,3007],{"class":62},[44,40812,40813],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40814,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,40816,40817,40820,40822,40824,40826,40828,40830,40832,40834,40836,40838],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,40818,40819],{"class":50},"total ",[44,40821,55],{"class":54},[44,40823,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40825,121],{"class":58},[44,40827,270],{"class":117},[44,40829,144],{"class":58},[44,40831,2100],{"class":54},[44,40833,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40835,121],{"class":58},[44,40837,399],{"class":117},[44,40839,100],{"class":58},[44,40841,40842,40844,40846,40849],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,40843,136],{"class":135},[44,40845,121],{"class":58},[44,40847,40848],{"class":117},"total",[44,40850,100],{"class":58},[20,40852,247],{},[35,40854,40856],{"className":37,"code":40855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4.0\n",[15,40857,40858],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40859,40860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40861,40855],{"class":206},[338,40863,40865],{"id":40864},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40867,40868],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[35,40870,40872],{"className":37,"code":40871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40873,40874,40884,40898,40902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40875,40876,40879,40881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40877,40878],{"class":50},"count ",[44,40880,55],{"class":54},[44,40882,40883],{"class":206}," 7\n",[44,40885,40886,40888,40890,40892,40894,40896],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40887,604],{"class":50},[44,40889,55],{"class":54},[44,40891,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40893,121],{"class":58},[44,40895,1401],{"class":117},[44,40897,100],{"class":58},[44,40899,40900],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40901,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,40903,40904,40906,40908,40910],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,40905,136],{"class":135},[44,40907,121],{"class":58},[44,40909,632],{"class":117},[44,40911,100],{"class":58},[20,40913,247],{},[35,40915,40917],{"className":37,"code":40916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.0\n",[15,40918,40919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40920,40921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40922,40916],{"class":206},[338,40924,40926],{"id":40925},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40928,40929,40930,40932],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40931,2528],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[35,40934,40936],{"className":37,"code":40935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40937,40938,40952,40968,40972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,40939,40940,40943,40945,40947,40950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,40941,40942],{"class":50},"temperature_text ",[44,40944,55],{"class":54},[44,40946,75],{"class":62},[44,40948,40949],{"class":66},"21.8",[44,40951,3007],{"class":62},[44,40953,40954,40957,40959,40961,40963,40966],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,40955,40956],{"class":50},"temperature ",[44,40958,55],{"class":54},[44,40960,39892],{"class":2546},[44,40962,121],{"class":58},[44,40964,40965],{"class":117},"temperature_text",[44,40967,100],{"class":58},[44,40969,40970],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,40971,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,40973,40974,40976,40978,40981],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,40975,136],{"class":135},[44,40977,121],{"class":58},[44,40979,40980],{"class":117},"temperature",[44,40982,100],{"class":58},[30,40984,40986],{"id":40985},"special-values","Special values",[20,40988,40989,40991],{},[15,40990,2528],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[338,40993,40995],{"id":40994},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[35,40997,40999],{"className":37,"code":40998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41000,41001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41002,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41013,41016,41018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41004,136],{"class":135},[44,41006,121],{"class":58},[44,41008,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41010,121],{"class":58},[44,41012,63],{"class":62},[44,41014,41015],{"class":66},"inf",[44,41017,63],{"class":62},[44,41019,244],{"class":58},[20,41021,247],{},[35,41023,41025],{"className":37,"code":41024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"inf\n",[15,41026,41027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41028,41029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41030,41024],{"class":50},[338,41032,41034],{"id":41033},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[35,41036,41038],{"className":37,"code":41037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41039,41040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41041,41042,41044,41046,41048,41050,41052,41055,41057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41043,136],{"class":135},[44,41045,121],{"class":58},[44,41047,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41049,121],{"class":58},[44,41051,63],{"class":62},[44,41053,41054],{"class":66},"-inf",[44,41056,63],{"class":62},[44,41058,244],{"class":58},[20,41060,247],{},[35,41062,41064],{"className":37,"code":41063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"-inf\n",[15,41065,41066],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41067,41068,41070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41069,1674],{"class":54},[44,41071,41024],{"class":50},[338,41073,41075],{"id":41074},"not-a-number","Not a number",[35,41077,41079],{"className":37,"code":41078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41080,41081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41082,41083,41085,41087,41089,41091,41093,41096,41098],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41084,136],{"class":135},[44,41086,121],{"class":58},[44,41088,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41090,121],{"class":58},[44,41092,63],{"class":62},[44,41094,41095],{"class":66},"nan",[44,41097,63],{"class":62},[44,41099,244],{"class":58},[20,41101,247],{},[35,41103,41105],{"className":37,"code":41104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nan\n",[15,41106,41107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41108,41109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41110,41104],{"class":50},[20,41112,41113],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[169,41115,41116,41121,41126],{},[172,41117,41118,41120],{},[15,41119,41015],{}," means positive infinity",[172,41122,41123,41125],{},[15,41124,41054],{}," means negative infinity",[172,41127,41128,41130],{},[15,41129,41095],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41132,41133,41134,41136],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41135,2528],{}," accepts them.",[30,41138,41140],{"id":41139},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41142,41143,41144,41146],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41145,2528],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[338,41148,686],{"id":41149},"valueerror",[20,41151,14837,41152,41154],{},[15,41153,686],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41156,41157],{},"Common causes:",[169,41159,41160,41166,41169,41172],{},[172,41161,41162,41163],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41164,41165],{},"\"abc\"",[172,41167,41168],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[172,41170,41171],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[172,41173,4353,41174],{},[270,41175,41176,41178],{"href":7868},[15,41177,2603],{}," returns a string",[20,41180,189],{},[35,41182,41184],{"className":37,"code":41183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41185,41186,41199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41187,41188,41190,41192,41194,41197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41189,1380],{"class":50},[44,41191,55],{"class":54},[44,41193,75],{"class":62},[44,41195,41196],{"class":66},"abc",[44,41198,3007],{"class":62},[44,41200,41201,41203,41205,41207,41209,41211],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,41202,136],{"class":135},[44,41204,121],{"class":58},[44,41206,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41208,121],{"class":58},[44,41210,302],{"class":117},[44,41212,244],{"class":58},[338,41214,2650],{"id":41215},"typeerror",[20,41217,14837,41218,41220],{},[15,41219,2650],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41222,41157],{},[169,41224,41225,41228,41231],{},[172,41226,41227],{},"Passing a list",[172,41229,41230],{},"Passing a dictionary",[172,41232,41233],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41235,189],{},[35,41237,41239],{"className":37,"code":41238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41240,41241,41266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41242,41243,41245,41247,41249,41251,41253,41255,41257,41259,41262,41264],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41244,1380],{"class":50},[44,41246,55],{"class":54},[44,41248,10141],{"class":58},[44,41250,63],{"class":62},[44,41252,24790],{"class":66},[44,41254,63],{"class":62},[44,41256,1155],{"class":58},[44,41258,75],{"class":62},[44,41260,41261],{"class":66},"9.99",[44,41263,63],{"class":62},[44,41265,8959],{"class":58},[44,41267,41268,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,41269,136],{"class":135},[44,41271,121],{"class":58},[44,41273,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41275,121],{"class":58},[44,41277,302],{"class":117},[44,41279,244],{"class":58},[338,41281,41283],{"id":41282},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41285,41286,41287,41290],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41288,41289],{},"strip()"," can help:",[35,41292,41294],{"className":37,"code":41293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41295,41296,41309,41324,41328],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41297,41298,41300,41302,41304,41307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41299,1380],{"class":50},[44,41301,55],{"class":54},[44,41303,75],{"class":62},[44,41305,41306],{"class":66},"  7.25  ",[44,41308,3007],{"class":62},[44,41310,41311,41314,41316,41318,41320,41322],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,41312,41313],{"class":50},"clean_value ",[44,41315,55],{"class":54},[44,41317,8082],{"class":50},[44,41319,114],{"class":58},[44,41321,8283],{"class":117},[44,41323,8292],{"class":58},[44,41325,41326],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41327,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,41329,41330,41332,41334,41336,41338,41341],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,41331,136],{"class":135},[44,41333,121],{"class":58},[44,41335,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41337,121],{"class":58},[44,41339,41340],{"class":117},"clean_value",[44,41342,244],{"class":58},[20,41344,247],{},[35,41346,41348],{"className":37,"code":41347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.25\n",[15,41349,41350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41351,41352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41353,41347],{"class":206},[338,41355,41357],{"id":41356},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41359,41360],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[35,41362,41364],{"className":37,"code":41363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41365,41366,41379,41383,41393,41407,41422,41426,41440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41367,41368,41370,41372,41374,41377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41369,1380],{"class":50},[44,41371,55],{"class":54},[44,41373,75],{"class":62},[44,41375,41376],{"class":66}," 3.5 ",[44,41378,3007],{"class":62},[44,41380,41381],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,41382,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,41384,41385,41387,41389,41391],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41386,136],{"class":135},[44,41388,121],{"class":58},[44,41390,302],{"class":117},[44,41392,100],{"class":58},[44,41394,41395,41397,41399,41401,41403,41405],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,41396,136],{"class":135},[44,41398,121],{"class":58},[44,41400,2868],{"class":2546},[44,41402,121],{"class":58},[44,41404,302],{"class":117},[44,41406,244],{"class":58},[44,41408,41409,41411,41413,41416,41418,41420],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,41410,136],{"class":135},[44,41412,121],{"class":58},[44,41414,41415],{"class":135},"repr",[44,41417,121],{"class":58},[44,41419,302],{"class":117},[44,41421,244],{"class":58},[44,41423,41424],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,41425,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,41427,41428,41430,41432,41434,41436,41438],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,41429,41313],{"class":50},[44,41431,55],{"class":54},[44,41433,8082],{"class":50},[44,41435,114],{"class":58},[44,41437,8283],{"class":117},[44,41439,8292],{"class":58},[44,41441,41442,41444,41446,41448,41450,41452],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,41443,136],{"class":135},[44,41445,121],{"class":58},[44,41447,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41449,121],{"class":58},[44,41451,41340],{"class":117},[44,41453,244],{"class":58},[20,41455,41456],{},"Why this helps:",[169,41458,41459,41465,41470,41476],{},[172,41460,41461,41464],{},[15,41462,41463],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[172,41466,41467,21008],{},[15,41468,41469],{},"print(type(value))",[172,41471,41472,41475],{},[15,41473,41474],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[172,41477,41478,41480],{},[15,41479,41289],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[338,41482,41484],{"id":41483},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41486,41487],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[35,41489,41491],{"className":37,"code":41490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41492,41493,41512,41516,41522,41537,41556,41565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41494,41495,41497,41499,41501,41503,41505,41508,41510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41496,1380],{"class":50},[44,41498,55],{"class":54},[44,41500,7891],{"class":135},[44,41502,121],{"class":58},[44,41504,63],{"class":62},[44,41506,41507],{"class":66},"Enter a number: ",[44,41509,63],{"class":62},[44,41511,100],{"class":58},[44,41513,41514],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,41515,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,41517,41518,41520],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41519,29443],{"class":805},[44,41521,820],{"class":58},[44,41523,41524,41527,41529,41531,41533,41535],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,41525,41526],{"class":50},"    number ",[44,41528,55],{"class":54},[44,41530,39892],{"class":2546},[44,41532,121],{"class":58},[44,41534,302],{"class":117},[44,41536,100],{"class":58},[44,41538,41539,41541,41543,41545,41548,41550,41552,41554],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,41540,825],{"class":135},[44,41542,121],{"class":58},[44,41544,63],{"class":62},[44,41546,41547],{"class":66},"Converted:",[44,41549,63],{"class":62},[44,41551,72],{"class":58},[44,41553,1845],{"class":117},[44,41555,100],{"class":58},[44,41557,41558,41560,41563],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,41559,29474],{"class":805},[44,41561,41562],{"class":2546}," ValueError",[44,41564,820],{"class":58},[44,41566,41567,41569,41571,41573,41576,41578],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,41568,825],{"class":135},[44,41570,121],{"class":58},[44,41572,63],{"class":62},[44,41574,41575],{"class":66},"That is not a valid number.",[44,41577,63],{"class":62},[44,41579,100],{"class":58},[20,41581,41582,41583,114],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[270,41584,40532],{"href":40531},[30,41586,41588],{"id":41587},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41590,10241,41591,898,41593,41595],{},[15,41592,2528],{},[15,41594,2521],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41597,41598,41600],{},[15,41599,2528],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[35,41602,41604],{"className":37,"code":41603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41605,41606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41607,41608,41610,41612,41614,41616,41618,41621,41623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41609,136],{"class":135},[44,41611,121],{"class":58},[44,41613,1840],{"class":2546},[44,41615,121],{"class":58},[44,41617,63],{"class":62},[44,41619,41620],{"class":66},"3.9",[44,41622,63],{"class":62},[44,41624,244],{"class":58},[20,41626,247],{},[35,41628,41630],{"className":37,"code":41629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.9\n",[15,41631,41632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41633,41634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41635,41629],{"class":206},[20,41637,41638,41640],{},[15,41639,2521],{}," creates whole numbers:",[35,41642,41644],{"className":37,"code":41643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41645,41646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41647,41648,41650,41652,41654,41656,41658,41660,41662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41649,136],{"class":135},[44,41651,121],{"class":58},[44,41653,1837],{"class":2546},[44,41655,121],{"class":58},[44,41657,63],{"class":62},[44,41659,207],{"class":66},[44,41661,63],{"class":62},[44,41663,244],{"class":58},[20,41665,247],{},[35,41667,41668],{"className":37,"code":2023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,41669,41670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41671,41672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41673,2023],{"class":206},[20,41675,41676,41677,41680],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41678,41679],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[35,41682,41684],{"className":37,"code":41683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41685,41686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41687,41688,41690,41692,41694,41696,41698,41700,41702],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41689,136],{"class":135},[44,41691,121],{"class":58},[44,41693,1837],{"class":2546},[44,41695,121],{"class":58},[44,41697,63],{"class":62},[44,41699,41620],{"class":66},[44,41701,63],{"class":62},[44,41703,244],{"class":58},[20,41705,2647,41706,8250,41708,41711],{},[15,41707,686],{},[15,41709,41710],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41713,10363],{},[169,41715,41716,41722],{},[172,41717,41718,41721],{},[15,41719,41720],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[172,41723,41724,41726],{},[15,41725,41679],{}," fails",[20,41728,41729,41730,41733,41734,41736],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[270,41731,41732],{"href":2518},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[270,41735,2067],{"href":2066}," helpful.",[30,41738,1497],{"id":1496},[338,41740,41742],{"id":41741},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41744,41745,41746,2522,41748,114],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41747,2136],{},[15,41749,39780],{},[338,41751,41753],{"id":41752},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41755,41756,41757,2522,41760,114],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41758,41759],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41761,41762],{},"\"10\"",[338,41764,41766],{"id":41765},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41768,28700,41769,41771,41772,114],{},[15,41770,41165],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41773,686],{},[338,41775,41777],{"id":41776},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41779,4796,41780,114],{},[15,41781,3418],{},[338,41783,41785],{"id":41784},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41787,41788,41789,41791,41792,898,41795,41791,41797,114],{},"Yes. ",[15,41790,3254],{}," becomes ",[15,41793,41794],{},"1.0",[15,41796,3324],{},[15,41798,3418],{},[30,41800,1554],{"id":1553},[169,41802,41803,41807,41813,41818,41822,41826],{},[172,41804,41805],{},[270,41806,41732],{"href":2518},[172,41808,41809],{},[270,41810,41812],{"href":41811},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[172,41814,41815],{},[270,41816,41817],{"href":40527},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[172,41819,41820],{},[270,41821,8708],{"href":8630},[172,41823,41824],{},[270,41825,40532],{"href":40531},[172,41827,41828],{},[270,41829,41830],{"href":7868},"Python input() Function Explained",[1583,41832,41833],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":41835},[41836,41837,41838,41839,41846,41851,41852,41859,41864,41871,41872,41879],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":39827,"depth":103,"text":39828},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":40052,"depth":103,"text":40053,"children":41840},[41841,41842,41843,41844,41845],{"id":40061,"depth":132,"text":40062},{"id":40125,"depth":132,"text":40126},{"id":40189,"depth":132,"text":40190},{"id":40231,"depth":132,"text":40232},{"id":40286,"depth":132,"text":40287},{"id":40325,"depth":103,"text":40326,"children":41847},[41848,41849,41850],{"id":40334,"depth":132,"text":40335},{"id":40419,"depth":132,"text":40420},{"id":40489,"depth":132,"text":40490},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":40681,"depth":103,"text":40682,"children":41853},[41854,41856,41857,41858],{"id":40685,"depth":132,"text":41855},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40778,"depth":132,"text":40779},{"id":40864,"depth":132,"text":40865},{"id":40925,"depth":132,"text":40926},{"id":40985,"depth":103,"text":40986,"children":41860},[41861,41862,41863],{"id":40994,"depth":132,"text":40995},{"id":41033,"depth":132,"text":41034},{"id":41074,"depth":132,"text":41075},{"id":41139,"depth":103,"text":41140,"children":41865},[41866,41867,41868,41869,41870],{"id":41149,"depth":132,"text":686},{"id":41215,"depth":132,"text":2650},{"id":41282,"depth":132,"text":41283},{"id":41356,"depth":132,"text":41357},{"id":41483,"depth":132,"text":41484},{"id":41587,"depth":103,"text":41588},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":41873},[41874,41875,41876,41877,41878],{"id":41741,"depth":132,"text":41742},{"id":41752,"depth":132,"text":41753},{"id":41765,"depth":132,"text":41766},{"id":41776,"depth":132,"text":41777},{"id":41784,"depth":132,"text":41785},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39728,"description":41880},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41887,"title":41888,"body":41889,"description":43110,"extension":1616,"meta":43111,"navigation":434,"path":34666,"seo":43112,"stem":43113,"__hash__":43114},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41890,"toc":43076},[41891,41894,41899,41902,41904,41943,41957,41961,41966,41969,41986,41989,41999,42014,42017,42019,42022,42038,42041,42044,42064,42068,42079,42082,42086,42090,42104,42139,42143,42154,42189,42192,42194,42202,42235,42251,42253,42263,42284,42295,42297,42302,42305,42319,42321,42340,42343,42356,42359,42363,42367,42381,42384,42402,42405,42420,42424,42429,42443,42449,42451,42508,42510,42543,42546,42562,42566,42573,42577,42582,42585,42596,42600,42605,42620,42629,42634,42653,42656,42668,42670,42675,42685,42688,42717,42722,42731,42735,42740,42743,42747,42752,42754,42784,42787,42794,42799,42804,42808,42811,42819,42822,42900,42903,42925,42927,42931,42934,42938,42944,43007,43011,43019,43023,43026,43028,43053,43073],[10,41892,41888],{"id":41893},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41895,3232,41896,41898],{},[15,41897,34669],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41900,41901],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[30,41903,33],{"id":32},[35,41905,41907],{"className":37,"code":41906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41908,41909,41919,41929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,41910,41911,41913,41915,41917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,41912,31793],{"class":135},[44,41914,121],{"class":58},[44,41916,1365],{"class":135},[44,41918,100],{"class":58},[44,41920,41921,41923,41925,41927],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,41922,31793],{"class":135},[44,41924,121],{"class":58},[44,41926,3092],{"class":2546},[44,41928,100],{"class":58},[44,41930,41931,41933,41935,41937,41939,41941],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,41932,31793],{"class":135},[44,41934,121],{"class":58},[44,41936,2948],{"class":62},[44,41938,34300],{"class":66},[44,41940,2948],{"class":62},[44,41942,100],{"class":58},[20,41944,651,41945,41947,41948,2522,41950,41952,41953,41956],{},[15,41946,34669],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41949,1365],{},[15,41951,3092],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41954,41955],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[30,41958,41960],{"id":41959},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41962,41963,41965],{},[15,41964,34669],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41967,41968],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[169,41970,41971,41974,41977,41980,41983],{},[172,41972,41973],{},"Functions",[172,41975,41976],{},"Classes",[172,41978,41979],{},"Methods",[172,41981,41982],{},"Modules",[172,41984,41985],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41987,41988],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41990,41991,41992,41998],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[270,41993,41995],{"href":41994},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41996,41997],{},"len()"," works, you can ask Python directly:",[35,42000,42002],{"className":37,"code":42001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\n",[15,42003,42004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42005,42006,42008,42010,42012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42007,31793],{"class":135},[44,42009,121],{"class":58},[44,42011,1365],{"class":135},[44,42013,100],{"class":58},[20,42015,42016],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[30,42018,277],{"id":276},[20,42020,42021],{},"The main form is:",[35,42023,42025],{"className":37,"code":42024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(object)\n",[15,42026,42027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42028,42029,42031,42033,42036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42030,31793],{"class":135},[44,42032,121],{"class":58},[44,42034,42035],{"class":2546},"object",[44,42037,100],{"class":58},[20,42039,42040],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42042,42043],{},"Common examples include:",[169,42045,42046,42050,42055,42059],{},[172,42047,42048],{},[15,42049,1365],{},[172,42051,42052],{},[15,42053,42054],{},"list.append",[172,42056,42057],{},[15,42058,3092],{},[172,42060,42061],{},[15,42062,42063],{},"open",[20,42065,6824,42066,6827],{},[15,42067,34669],{},[35,42069,42071],{"className":37,"code":42070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help()\n",[15,42072,42073],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42074,42075,42077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42076,31793],{"class":135},[44,42078,8292],{"class":58},[20,42080,42081],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[30,42083,42085],{"id":42084},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[338,42087,42089],{"id":42088},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42091,42092,42093,1134,42095,1134,42097,1138,42100,114],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42094,1365],{},[15,42096,136],{},[15,42098,42099],{},"input",[270,42101,42102],{"href":1946},[15,42103,1949],{},[35,42105,42107],{"className":37,"code":42106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42108,42109,42119,42129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42110,42111,42113,42115,42117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42112,31793],{"class":135},[44,42114,121],{"class":58},[44,42116,136],{"class":135},[44,42118,100],{"class":58},[44,42120,42121,42123,42125,42127],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42122,31793],{"class":135},[44,42124,121],{"class":58},[44,42126,42099],{"class":135},[44,42128,100],{"class":58},[44,42130,42131,42133,42135,42137],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42132,31793],{"class":135},[44,42134,121],{"class":58},[44,42136,2868],{"class":2546},[44,42138,100],{"class":58},[338,42140,42142],{"id":42141},"data-types","Data types",[20,42144,42145,42146,1134,42148,1134,42150,1138,42152,114],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42147,3092],{},[15,42149,7742],{},[15,42151,8471],{},[15,42153,5935],{},[35,42155,42157],{"className":37,"code":42156,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42158,42159,42169,42179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42160,42161,42163,42165,42167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42162,31793],{"class":135},[44,42164,121],{"class":58},[44,42166,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42168,100],{"class":58},[44,42170,42171,42173,42175,42177],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42172,31793],{"class":135},[44,42174,121],{"class":58},[44,42176,7742],{"class":2546},[44,42178,100],{"class":58},[44,42180,42181,42183,42185,42187],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42182,31793],{"class":135},[44,42184,121],{"class":58},[44,42186,8471],{"class":2546},[44,42188,100],{"class":58},[20,42190,42191],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[338,42193,41979],{"id":34147},[20,42195,42196,42197,898,42200,114],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42198,42199],{},"str.split",[15,42201,42054],{},[35,42203,42205],{"className":37,"code":42204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42206,42207,42221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42208,42209,42211,42213,42215,42217,42219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42210,31793],{"class":135},[44,42212,121],{"class":58},[44,42214,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42216,114],{"class":58},[44,42218,34110],{"class":24390},[44,42220,100],{"class":58},[44,42222,42223,42225,42227,42229,42231,42233],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42224,31793],{"class":135},[44,42226,121],{"class":58},[44,42228,7742],{"class":2546},[44,42230,114],{"class":58},[44,42232,13201],{"class":24390},[44,42234,100],{"class":58},[20,42236,42237,42238,8354,42240,27952,42245,42247,42248,42250],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42239,34669],{},[270,42241,42243],{"href":42242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42244,33952],{},[15,42246,33952],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42249,34669],{}," explains one of them.",[338,42252,41982],{"id":34300},[20,42254,42255,42256,1134,42258,1138,42260,114],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42257,18060],{},[15,42259,34832],{},[15,42261,42262],{},"os",[35,42264,42266],{"className":37,"code":42265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42267,42268,42274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42269,42270,42272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42271,34733],{"class":805},[44,42273,34736],{"class":50},[44,42275,42276,42278,42280,42282],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42277,31793],{"class":135},[44,42279,121],{"class":58},[44,42281,18060],{"class":117},[44,42283,100],{"class":58},[20,42285,42286,42287,42291,42292,114],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[270,42288,42290],{"href":42289},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[270,42293,34799],{"href":42294},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[30,42296,34560],{"id":34559},[20,42298,42299,42301],{},[15,42300,34669],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42303,42304],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[169,42306,42307,42310,42313,42316],{},[172,42308,42309],{},"The function signature",[172,42311,42312],{},"The short description",[172,42314,42315],{},"Parameter names",[172,42317,42318],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42320,5120],{},[35,42322,42324],{"className":37,"code":42323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42325,42326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42327,42328,42330,42332,42334,42336,42338],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42329,31793],{"class":135},[44,42331,121],{"class":58},[44,42333,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42335,114],{"class":58},[44,42337,34110],{"class":24390},[44,42339,100],{"class":58},[20,42341,42342],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[169,42344,42345,42348,42351,42353],{},[172,42346,42347],{},"What object this is",[172,42349,42350],{},"What arguments it accepts",[172,42352,21610],{},[172,42354,42355],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42357,42358],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[30,42360,42362],{"id":42361},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42364,42365,29513],{},[15,42366,34669],{},[169,42368,42369,42372,42375,42378],{},[172,42370,42371],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[172,42373,42374],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[172,42376,42377],{},"You are exploring a new module",[172,42379,42380],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42382,42383],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[35,42385,42386],{"className":37,"code":42323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42387,42388],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42389,42390,42392,42394,42396,42398,42400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42391,31793],{"class":135},[44,42393,121],{"class":58},[44,42395,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42397,114],{"class":58},[44,42399,34110],{"class":24390},[44,42401,100],{"class":58},[20,42403,42404],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[35,42406,42408],{"className":37,"code":42407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(open)\n",[15,42409,42410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42411,42412,42414,42416,42418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42413,31793],{"class":135},[44,42415,121],{"class":58},[44,42417,42063],{"class":135},[44,42419,100],{"class":58},[30,42421,42423],{"id":42422},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42425,42426,42428],{},[15,42427,34669],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[169,42430,42431,42434,42437,42440],{},[172,42432,42433],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[172,42435,42436],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[172,42438,42439],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[172,42441,42442],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42444,42445,42446,42448],{},"So, ",[15,42447,34669],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42450,5120],{},[35,42452,42454],{"className":37,"code":42453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42455,42456,42469,42493,42497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42457,42458,42460,42462,42464,42467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42459,34329],{"class":50},[44,42461,55],{"class":54},[44,42463,75],{"class":62},[44,42465,42466],{"class":66},"a,b,c",[44,42468,3007],{"class":62},[44,42470,42471,42474,42476,42479,42481,42483,42485,42487,42489,42491],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42472,42473],{"class":50},"parts ",[44,42475,55],{"class":54},[44,42477,42478],{"class":50}," text",[44,42480,114],{"class":58},[44,42482,34110],{"class":117},[44,42484,121],{"class":58},[44,42486,63],{"class":62},[44,42488,72],{"class":66},[44,42490,63],{"class":62},[44,42492,100],{"class":58},[44,42494,42495],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42496,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,42498,42499,42501,42503,42506],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,42500,136],{"class":135},[44,42502,121],{"class":58},[44,42504,42505],{"class":117},"parts",[44,42507,100],{"class":58},[20,42509,5207],{},[35,42511,42513],{"className":37,"code":42512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42514,42515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42516,42517,42519,42521,42523,42525,42527,42529,42531,42533,42535,42537,42539,42541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42518,1271],{"class":58},[44,42520,2948],{"class":62},[44,42522,270],{"class":66},[44,42524,2948],{"class":62},[44,42526,72],{"class":58},[44,42528,2943],{"class":62},[44,42530,399],{"class":66},[44,42532,2948],{"class":62},[44,42534,72],{"class":58},[44,42536,2943],{"class":62},[44,42538,408],{"class":66},[44,42540,2948],{"class":62},[44,42542,3286],{"class":58},[20,42544,42545],{},"A good workflow is:",[28352,42547,42548,42553,42556,42559],{},[172,42549,651,42550,42552],{},[15,42551,34669],{}," to inspect something",[172,42554,42555],{},"Write a tiny example",[172,42557,42558],{},"Check the result",[172,42560,42561],{},"Repeat",[30,42563,42565],{"id":42564},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42567,42568,898,42570,42572],{},[15,42569,34669],{},[15,42571,33952],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[338,42574,42575],{"id":31793},[15,42576,34669],{},[20,42578,651,42579,42581],{},[15,42580,34669],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42583,42584],{},"It tells you:",[169,42586,42587,42590,42593],{},[172,42588,42589],{},"What something is",[172,42591,42592],{},"How to use it",[172,42594,42595],{},"What parameters it accepts",[338,42597,42598],{"id":34013},[15,42599,33952],{},[20,42601,651,42602,42604],{},[15,42603,33952],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[35,42606,42608],{"className":37,"code":42607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dir(str)\n",[15,42609,42610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42611,42612,42614,42616,42618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42613,34013],{"class":135},[44,42615,121],{"class":58},[44,42617,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42619,100],{"class":58},[20,42621,42622,42623,1134,42625,1138,42627,114],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42624,34110],{},[15,42626,8283],{},[15,42628,8289],{},[20,42630,42631,42632,1155],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42633,34669],{},[35,42635,42637],{"className":37,"code":42636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42638,42639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42640,42641,42643,42645,42647,42649,42651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42642,31793],{"class":135},[44,42644,121],{"class":58},[44,42646,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42648,114],{"class":58},[44,42650,8289],{"class":24390},[44,42652,100],{"class":58},[20,42654,42655],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[169,42657,42658,42663],{},[172,42659,651,42660,42662],{},[15,42661,33952],{}," to discover options",[172,42664,651,42665,42667],{},[15,42666,34669],{}," to understand one option",[30,42669,1299],{"id":1298},[20,42671,42672,42673,114],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42674,34669],{},[338,42676,895,42678,42681,42682],{"id":42677},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42679,42680],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42683,42684],{},"help(len)",[20,42686,42687],{},"These are not always the same.",[35,42689,42691],{"className":37,"code":42690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42692,42693,42703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42694,42695,42697,42699,42701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42696,31793],{"class":135},[44,42698,121],{"class":58},[44,42700,1365],{"class":135},[44,42702,100],{"class":58},[44,42704,42705,42707,42709,42711,42713,42715],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42706,31793],{"class":135},[44,42708,121],{"class":58},[44,42710,2948],{"class":62},[44,42712,1365],{"class":66},[44,42714,2948],{"class":62},[44,42716,100],{"class":58},[20,42718,42719,42721],{},[15,42720,42684],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42723,42724,42726,42727,42730],{},[15,42725,42680],{}," treats ",[15,42728,42729],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[338,42732,42734],{"id":42733},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42736,42737,42739],{},[15,42738,34669],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42741,42742],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[338,42744,42746],{"id":42745},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42748,39980,42749,42751],{},[15,42750,34669],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42753,189],{},[35,42755,42757],{"className":37,"code":42756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42758,42759,42769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42760,42761,42763,42765,42767],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42762,31793],{"class":135},[44,42764,121],{"class":58},[44,42766,1365],{"class":135},[44,42768,100],{"class":58},[44,42770,42771,42773,42775,42777,42780,42782],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42772,136],{"class":135},[44,42774,121],{"class":58},[44,42776,63],{"class":62},[44,42778,42779],{"class":66},"Done",[44,42781,63],{"class":62},[44,42783,100],{"class":58},[20,42785,42786],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[338,42788,1330,42790,8354,42792],{"id":42789},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42791,34669],{},[15,42793,33952],{},[20,42795,42796,42797,114],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42798,33952],{},[20,42800,42801,42802,114],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42803,34669],{},[30,42805,42807],{"id":42806},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42809,42810],{},"Open Python:",[35,42812,42813],{"className":37,"code":35185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,42814,42815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42816,42817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42818,35185],{"class":50},[20,42820,42821],{},"Then test these commands:",[35,42823,42825],{"className":37,"code":42824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42826,42827,42837,42851,42865,42875,42890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42828,42829,42831,42833,42835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42830,31793],{"class":135},[44,42832,121],{"class":58},[44,42834,1365],{"class":135},[44,42836,100],{"class":58},[44,42838,42839,42841,42843,42845,42847,42849],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42840,31793],{"class":135},[44,42842,121],{"class":58},[44,42844,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42846,114],{"class":58},[44,42848,34110],{"class":24390},[44,42850,100],{"class":58},[44,42852,42853,42855,42857,42859,42861,42863],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42854,31793],{"class":135},[44,42856,121],{"class":58},[44,42858,7742],{"class":2546},[44,42860,114],{"class":58},[44,42862,13201],{"class":24390},[44,42864,100],{"class":58},[44,42866,42867,42869,42871,42873],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,42868,31793],{"class":135},[44,42870,121],{"class":58},[44,42872,42063],{"class":135},[44,42874,100],{"class":58},[44,42876,42877,42879,42881,42883,42886,42888],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,42878,31793],{"class":135},[44,42880,121],{"class":58},[44,42882,2948],{"class":62},[44,42884,42885],{"class":66},"keywords",[44,42887,2948],{"class":62},[44,42889,100],{"class":58},[44,42891,42892,42894,42896,42898],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,42893,34013],{"class":135},[44,42895,121],{"class":58},[44,42897,3092],{"class":2546},[44,42899,100],{"class":58},[20,42901,42902],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[169,42904,42905,42908,42911,42914,42917,42920],{},[172,42906,42907],{},"A built-in function",[172,42909,42910],{},"A string method",[172,42912,42913],{},"A list method",[172,42915,42916],{},"A built-in file function",[172,42918,42919],{},"A special help topic",[172,42921,14837,42922,42924],{},[15,42923,33952],{}," example for comparison",[30,42926,1497],{"id":1496},[338,42928,42930],{"id":42929},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42932,42933],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[338,42935,42937],{"id":42936},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42939,42940,42941,42943],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42942,34669],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[35,42945,42947],{"className":37,"code":42946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42948,42949,42961,42974,42993,42997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,42950,42951,42953,42955,42957,42959],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,42952,34493],{"class":1716},[44,42954,34497],{"class":34496},[44,42956,121],{"class":58},[44,42958,7318],{"class":37299},[44,42960,7991],{"class":58},[44,42962,42963,42967,42971],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,42964,42966],{"class":42965},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[44,42968,42970],{"class":42969},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[44,42972,42973],{"class":42965},"\"\"\"\n",[44,42975,42976,42978,42981,42984,42986,42988,42990],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,42977,34504],{"class":805},[44,42979,42980],{"class":1716}," f",[44,42982,42983],{"class":66},"\"Hello, ",[44,42985,8928],{"class":206},[44,42987,7318],{"class":50},[44,42989,21943],{"class":206},[44,42991,42992],{"class":66},"!\"\n",[44,42994,42995],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,42996,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,42998,42999,43001,43003,43005],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,43000,31793],{"class":135},[44,43002,121],{"class":58},[44,43004,34539],{"class":117},[44,43006,100],{"class":58},[338,43008,43010],{"id":43009},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43012,43013,43015,43016,43018],{},[15,43014,42684],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43017,42680],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[338,43020,43022],{"id":43021},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43024,43025],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[30,43027,1554],{"id":1553},[169,43029,43030,43035,43039,43044,43049],{},[172,43031,43032],{},[270,43033,43034],{"href":42242},"Python dir() function explained",[172,43036,43037],{},[270,43038,8091],{"href":1946},[172,43040,43041],{},[270,43042,43043],{"href":41994},"Python len() function explained",[172,43045,43046],{},[270,43047,43048],{"href":42289},"How import works in Python",[172,43050,43051],{},[270,43052,34799],{"href":42294},[20,43054,43055,43056,43058,43059,1134,43061,1138,43063,43065,43066,2522,43069,43072],{},"Try ",[15,43057,34669],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43060,1365],{},[15,43062,136],{},[15,43064,42099],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43067,43068],{},"dir(str)",[15,43070,43071],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1583,43074,43075],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":43077},[43078,43079,43080,43081,43087,43088,43089,43090,43094,43102,43103,43109],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":41959,"depth":103,"text":41960},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":42084,"depth":103,"text":42085,"children":43082},[43083,43084,43085,43086],{"id":42088,"depth":132,"text":42089},{"id":42141,"depth":132,"text":42142},{"id":34147,"depth":132,"text":41979},{"id":34300,"depth":132,"text":41982},{"id":34559,"depth":103,"text":34560},{"id":42361,"depth":103,"text":42362},{"id":42422,"depth":103,"text":42423},{"id":42564,"depth":103,"text":42565,"children":43091},[43092,43093],{"id":31793,"depth":132,"text":34669},{"id":34013,"depth":132,"text":33952},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":43095},[43096,43098,43099,43100],{"id":42677,"depth":132,"text":43097},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42733,"depth":132,"text":42734},{"id":42745,"depth":132,"text":42746},{"id":42789,"depth":132,"text":43101},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42806,"depth":103,"text":42807},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":43104},[43105,43106,43107,43108],{"id":42929,"depth":132,"text":42930},{"id":42936,"depth":132,"text":42937},{"id":43009,"depth":132,"text":43010},{"id":43021,"depth":132,"text":43022},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41888,"description":43110},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43116,"title":43117,"body":43118,"description":44480,"extension":1616,"meta":44481,"navigation":434,"path":44482,"seo":44483,"stem":44484,"__hash__":44485},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43119,"toc":44453},[43120,43126,43131,43137,43147,43206,43216,43227,43232,43238,43240,43258,43266,43268,43270,43285,43288,43299,43301,43392,43395,43399,43404,43425,43427,43538,43540,43567,43578,43582,43585,43668,43670,43678,43684,43690,43694,43697,43807,43809,43822,43825,43839,43847,43854,43859,43873,43879,43992,43994,44055,44058,44064,44070,44073,44095,44098,44168,44171,44203,44210,44212,44215,44233,44236,44248,44254,44256,44261,44287,44290,44362,44364,44370,44373,44379,44382,44388,44398,44404,44407,44414,44417,44419,44450],[10,43121,3225,43123,3229],{"id":43122},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43124,43125],{},"id()",[20,43127,31958,43128,43130],{},[15,43129,43125],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43132,43133,43134,43136],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43135,43125],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43138,651,43139,43141,43142,43144,43145,114],{},[15,43140,43125],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[367,43143,881],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43146,4337],{},[35,43148,43150],{"className":37,"code":43149,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43151,43152,43164,43178,43182,43192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43153,43154,43156,43158,43160,43162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43155,7525],{"class":50},[44,43157,55],{"class":54},[44,43159,75],{"class":62},[44,43161,6946],{"class":66},[44,43163,3007],{"class":62},[44,43165,43166,43168,43170,43172,43174,43176],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,43167,136],{"class":135},[44,43169,121],{"class":58},[44,43171,12300],{"class":135},[44,43173,121],{"class":58},[44,43175,7318],{"class":117},[44,43177,244],{"class":58},[44,43179,43180],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43181,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,43183,43184,43187,43189],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,43185,43186],{"class":50},"other ",[44,43188,55],{"class":54},[44,43190,43191],{"class":50}," name\n",[44,43193,43194,43196,43198,43200,43202,43204],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,43195,136],{"class":135},[44,43197,121],{"class":58},[44,43199,12300],{"class":135},[44,43201,121],{"class":58},[44,43203,30383],{"class":117},[44,43205,244],{"class":58},[20,43207,43208,43209,43212,43213,43215],{},"In this example, ",[15,43210,43211],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43214,43125],{}," values match.",[43217,43218,43219],"blockquote",{},[20,43220,651,43221,43223,43224,43226],{},[15,43222,43125],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43225,4337],{}," for value comparison.",[30,43228,158,43230,161],{"id":43229},"what-id-does",[15,43231,43125],{},[20,43233,43234,43237],{},[15,43235,43236],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43239,12703],{},[169,43241,43242,43245,43252,43255],{},[172,43243,43244],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[172,43246,43247,43248,43251],{},"It shows ",[367,43249,43250],{},"object identity",", not object value",[172,43253,43254],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[172,43256,43257],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43259,43260,43261,43265],{},"This is closely related to how ",[270,43262,43264],{"href":43263},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[30,43267,277],{"id":276},[20,43269,5082],{},[35,43271,43273],{"className":37,"code":43272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"id(object)\n",[15,43274,43275],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43276,43277,43279,43281,43283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43278,12300],{"class":135},[44,43280,121],{"class":58},[44,43282,42035],{"class":2546},[44,43284,100],{"class":58},[20,43286,43287],{},"Important details:",[169,43289,43290,43293,43296],{},[172,43291,43292],{},"It takes one argument",[172,43294,43295],{},"It returns an integer",[172,43297,43298],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43300,189],{},[35,43302,43304],{"className":37,"code":43303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43305,43306,43318,43326,43346,43350,43364,43378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43307,43308,43310,43312,43314,43316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43309,34329],{"class":50},[44,43311,55],{"class":54},[44,43313,75],{"class":62},[44,43315,3495],{"class":66},[44,43317,3007],{"class":62},[44,43319,43320,43322,43324],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,43321,1865],{"class":50},[44,43323,55],{"class":54},[44,43325,2413],{"class":206},[44,43327,43328,43330,43332,43334,43336,43338,43340,43342,43344],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43329,7429],{"class":50},[44,43331,55],{"class":54},[44,43333,3273],{"class":58},[44,43335,1133],{"class":206},[44,43337,72],{"class":58},[44,43339,488],{"class":206},[44,43341,72],{"class":58},[44,43343,524],{"class":206},[44,43345,3286],{"class":58},[44,43347,43348],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,43349,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,43351,43352,43354,43356,43358,43360,43362],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,43353,136],{"class":135},[44,43355,121],{"class":58},[44,43357,12300],{"class":135},[44,43359,121],{"class":58},[44,43361,34350],{"class":117},[44,43363,244],{"class":58},[44,43365,43366,43368,43370,43372,43374,43376],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,43367,136],{"class":135},[44,43369,121],{"class":58},[44,43371,12300],{"class":135},[44,43373,121],{"class":58},[44,43375,1887],{"class":117},[44,43377,244],{"class":58},[44,43379,43380,43382,43384,43386,43388,43390],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,43381,136],{"class":135},[44,43383,121],{"class":58},[44,43385,12300],{"class":135},[44,43387,121],{"class":58},[44,43389,7458],{"class":117},[44,43391,244],{"class":58},[20,43393,43394],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[30,43396,43398],{"id":43397},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43400,43401,43402,114],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43403,43125],{},[169,43405,43406,43413,43420],{},[172,43407,43408,43410,43411],{},[15,43409,4337],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[367,43412,302],{},[172,43414,43415,43417,43418],{},[15,43416,11844],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[367,43419,42035],{},[172,43421,43422,43424],{},[15,43423,43125],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43426,189],{},[35,43428,43430],{"className":37,"code":43429,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43431,43432,43452,43472,43476,43493,43510,43524],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43433,43434,43436,43438,43440,43442,43444,43446,43448,43450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43435,2198],{"class":50},[44,43437,55],{"class":54},[44,43439,3273],{"class":58},[44,43441,1133],{"class":206},[44,43443,72],{"class":58},[44,43445,488],{"class":206},[44,43447,72],{"class":58},[44,43449,524],{"class":206},[44,43451,3286],{"class":58},[44,43453,43454,43456,43458,43460,43462,43464,43466,43468,43470],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,43455,2226],{"class":50},[44,43457,55],{"class":54},[44,43459,3273],{"class":58},[44,43461,1133],{"class":206},[44,43463,72],{"class":58},[44,43465,488],{"class":206},[44,43467,72],{"class":58},[44,43469,524],{"class":206},[44,43471,3286],{"class":58},[44,43473,43474],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43475,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,43477,43478,43480,43482,43484,43486,43488,43490],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,43479,136],{"class":135},[44,43481,121],{"class":58},[44,43483,2198],{"class":117},[44,43485,4337],{"class":54},[44,43487,2203],{"class":117},[44,43489,144],{"class":58},[44,43491,43492],{"class":147},"   # True\n",[44,43494,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505,43507],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,43496,136],{"class":135},[44,43498,121],{"class":58},[44,43500,2198],{"class":117},[44,43502,11844],{"class":805},[44,43504,2203],{"class":117},[44,43506,144],{"class":58},[44,43508,43509],{"class":147},"   # False\n",[44,43511,43512,43514,43516,43518,43520,43522],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,43513,136],{"class":135},[44,43515,121],{"class":58},[44,43517,12300],{"class":135},[44,43519,121],{"class":58},[44,43521,270],{"class":117},[44,43523,244],{"class":58},[44,43525,43526,43528,43530,43532,43534,43536],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,43527,136],{"class":135},[44,43529,121],{"class":58},[44,43531,12300],{"class":135},[44,43533,121],{"class":58},[44,43535,399],{"class":117},[44,43537,244],{"class":58},[20,43539,1282],{},[169,43541,43542,43550,43558],{},[172,43543,43544,365,43547,43549],{},[15,43545,43546],{},"a == b",[15,43548,3254],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[172,43551,43552,365,43555,43557],{},[15,43553,43554],{},"a is b",[15,43556,3324],{}," because they are different list objects",[172,43559,43560,898,43563,43566],{},[15,43561,43562],{},"id(a)",[15,43564,43565],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43568,43569,43570,898,43574,114],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[270,43571,43573],{"href":43572},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[270,43575,43577],{"href":43576},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[30,43579,43581],{"id":43580},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43583,43584],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[35,43586,43588],{"className":37,"code":43587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43589,43590,43610,43620,43624,43638,43653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43591,43592,43594,43596,43598,43600,43602,43604,43606,43608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43593,199],{"class":50},[44,43595,55],{"class":54},[44,43597,3273],{"class":58},[44,43599,207],{"class":206},[44,43601,72],{"class":58},[44,43603,212],{"class":206},[44,43605,72],{"class":58},[44,43607,217],{"class":206},[44,43609,3286],{"class":58},[44,43611,43612,43615,43617],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,43613,43614],{"class":50},"other_numbers ",[44,43616,55],{"class":54},[44,43618,43619],{"class":50}," numbers\n",[44,43621,43622],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43623,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,43625,43626,43628,43630,43632,43634,43636],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,43627,136],{"class":135},[44,43629,121],{"class":58},[44,43631,12300],{"class":135},[44,43633,121],{"class":58},[44,43635,232],{"class":117},[44,43637,244],{"class":58},[44,43639,43640,43642,43644,43646,43648,43651],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,43641,136],{"class":135},[44,43643,121],{"class":58},[44,43645,12300],{"class":135},[44,43647,121],{"class":58},[44,43649,43650],{"class":117},"other_numbers",[44,43652,244],{"class":58},[44,43654,43655,43657,43659,43661,43663,43666],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,43656,136],{"class":135},[44,43658,121],{"class":58},[44,43660,199],{"class":117},[44,43662,11844],{"class":805},[44,43664,43665],{"class":117}," other_numbers",[44,43667,100],{"class":58},[20,43669,5207],{},[35,43671,43672],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,43673,43674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43675,43676],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43677,3629],{"class":3502},[20,43679,43680,43681,43683],{},"The two ",[15,43682,43125],{}," values will also match.",[20,43685,21829,43686,43689],{},[15,43687,43688],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[30,43691,43693],{"id":43692},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43695,43696],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[35,43698,43700],{"className":37,"code":43699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43701,43702,43723,43744,43748,43763,43777,43792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43703,43704,43707,43709,43711,43713,43715,43717,43719,43721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43705,43706],{"class":50},"list_a ",[44,43708,55],{"class":54},[44,43710,3273],{"class":58},[44,43712,1133],{"class":206},[44,43714,72],{"class":58},[44,43716,488],{"class":206},[44,43718,72],{"class":58},[44,43720,524],{"class":206},[44,43722,3286],{"class":58},[44,43724,43725,43728,43730,43732,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,43726,43727],{"class":50},"list_b ",[44,43729,55],{"class":54},[44,43731,3273],{"class":58},[44,43733,1133],{"class":206},[44,43735,72],{"class":58},[44,43737,488],{"class":206},[44,43739,72],{"class":58},[44,43741,524],{"class":206},[44,43743,3286],{"class":58},[44,43745,43746],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43747,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,43749,43750,43752,43754,43756,43758,43761],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,43751,136],{"class":135},[44,43753,121],{"class":58},[44,43755,43706],{"class":117},[44,43757,4337],{"class":54},[44,43759,43760],{"class":117}," list_b",[44,43762,100],{"class":58},[44,43764,43765,43767,43769,43771,43773,43775],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,43766,136],{"class":135},[44,43768,121],{"class":58},[44,43770,43706],{"class":117},[44,43772,11844],{"class":805},[44,43774,43760],{"class":117},[44,43776,100],{"class":58},[44,43778,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787,43790],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,43780,136],{"class":135},[44,43782,121],{"class":58},[44,43784,12300],{"class":135},[44,43786,121],{"class":58},[44,43788,43789],{"class":117},"list_a",[44,43791,244],{"class":58},[44,43793,43794,43796,43798,43800,43802,43805],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,43795,136],{"class":135},[44,43797,121],{"class":58},[44,43799,12300],{"class":135},[44,43801,121],{"class":58},[44,43803,43804],{"class":117},"list_b",[44,43806,244],{"class":58},[20,43808,5207],{},[35,43810,43812],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43813,43814,43818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43815,43816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43817,3629],{"class":3502},[44,43819,43820],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,43821,3690],{"class":3502},[20,43823,43824],{},"What this means:",[169,43826,43827,43830,43833],{},[172,43828,43829],{},"The lists are equal in value",[172,43831,43832],{},"They are not the same object",[172,43834,43835,43836,43838],{},"Their ",[15,43837,43125],{}," values are usually different",[20,43840,43841,43842,43844,43845,114],{},"This is why ",[15,43843,43125],{}," should not replace ",[15,43846,4337],{},[30,43848,43850,43851,43853],{"id":43849},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43852,43125],{}," is useful",[20,43855,43856,43858],{},[15,43857,43125],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[169,43860,43861,43864,43867,43870],{},[172,43862,43863],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[172,43865,43866],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[172,43868,43869],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[172,43871,43872],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43874,43875,43876,43878],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43877,43125],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[35,43880,43882],{"className":37,"code":43881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43883,43884,43908,43917,43921,43940,43944,43954,43964,43978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,43885,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898,43900,43902,43904,43906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,43887,11736],{"class":50},[44,43889,55],{"class":54},[44,43891,3273],{"class":58},[44,43893,63],{"class":62},[44,43895,270],{"class":66},[44,43897,63],{"class":62},[44,43899,72],{"class":58},[44,43901,75],{"class":62},[44,43903,399],{"class":66},[44,43905,63],{"class":62},[44,43907,3286],{"class":58},[44,43909,43910,43913,43915],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,43911,43912],{"class":50},"copy_ref ",[44,43914,55],{"class":54},[44,43916,11774],{"class":50},[44,43918,43919],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,43920,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,43922,43923,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936,43938],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,43924,43925],{"class":50},"copy_ref",[44,43927,114],{"class":58},[44,43929,13201],{"class":117},[44,43931,121],{"class":58},[44,43933,63],{"class":62},[44,43935,408],{"class":66},[44,43937,63],{"class":62},[44,43939,100],{"class":58},[44,43941,43942],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,43943,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,43945,43946,43948,43950,43952],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,43947,136],{"class":135},[44,43949,121],{"class":58},[44,43951,11783],{"class":117},[44,43953,100],{"class":58},[44,43955,43956,43958,43960,43962],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,43957,136],{"class":135},[44,43959,121],{"class":58},[44,43961,43925],{"class":117},[44,43963,100],{"class":58},[44,43965,43966,43968,43970,43972,43974,43976],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,43967,136],{"class":135},[44,43969,121],{"class":58},[44,43971,12300],{"class":135},[44,43973,121],{"class":58},[44,43975,11783],{"class":117},[44,43977,244],{"class":58},[44,43979,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,43981,136],{"class":135},[44,43983,121],{"class":58},[44,43985,12300],{"class":135},[44,43987,121],{"class":58},[44,43989,43925],{"class":117},[44,43991,244],{"class":58},[20,43993,5207],{},[35,43995,43997],{"className":37,"code":43996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43998,43999,44027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44000,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013,44015,44017,44019,44021,44023,44025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44002,1271],{"class":58},[44,44004,2948],{"class":62},[44,44006,270],{"class":66},[44,44008,2948],{"class":62},[44,44010,72],{"class":58},[44,44012,2943],{"class":62},[44,44014,399],{"class":66},[44,44016,2948],{"class":62},[44,44018,72],{"class":58},[44,44020,2943],{"class":62},[44,44022,408],{"class":66},[44,44024,2948],{"class":62},[44,44026,3286],{"class":58},[44,44028,44029,44031,44033,44035,44037,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44030,1271],{"class":58},[44,44032,2948],{"class":62},[44,44034,270],{"class":66},[44,44036,2948],{"class":62},[44,44038,72],{"class":58},[44,44040,2943],{"class":62},[44,44042,399],{"class":66},[44,44044,2948],{"class":62},[44,44046,72],{"class":58},[44,44048,2943],{"class":62},[44,44050,408],{"class":66},[44,44052,2948],{"class":62},[44,44054,3286],{"class":58},[20,44056,44057],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[30,44059,44061,44062],{"id":44060},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44063,43125],{},[20,44065,44066,44067,44069],{},"Do not use ",[15,44068,43125],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44071,44072],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[169,44074,44075,44081,44087,44090],{},[172,44076,44077,44078,44080],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44079,4337],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[172,44082,44083,44084,44086],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44085,43125],{}," values across program runs",[172,44088,44089],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[172,44091,44092,44093],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44094,43125],{},[20,44096,44097],{},"Bad example:",[35,44099,44101],{"className":37,"code":44100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44102,44103,44115,44127,44131,44153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44104,44105,44107,44109,44111,44113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44106,2198],{"class":50},[44,44108,55],{"class":54},[44,44110,75],{"class":62},[44,44112,569],{"class":66},[44,44114,3007],{"class":62},[44,44116,44117,44119,44121,44123,44125],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44118,2226],{"class":50},[44,44120,55],{"class":54},[44,44122,75],{"class":62},[44,44124,569],{"class":66},[44,44126,3007],{"class":62},[44,44128,44129],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44130,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,44132,44133,44135,44137,44139,44141,44143,44145,44147,44149,44151],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,44134,806],{"class":805},[44,44136,14465],{"class":135},[44,44138,121],{"class":58},[44,44140,270],{"class":117},[44,44142,144],{"class":58},[44,44144,6056],{"class":54},[44,44146,14465],{"class":135},[44,44148,121],{"class":58},[44,44150,399],{"class":117},[44,44152,7991],{"class":58},[44,44154,44155,44157,44159,44161,44164,44166],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,44156,825],{"class":135},[44,44158,121],{"class":58},[44,44160,63],{"class":62},[44,44162,44163],{"class":66},"The values are equal",[44,44165,63],{"class":62},[44,44167,100],{"class":58},[20,44169,44170],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[35,44172,44174],{"className":37,"code":44173,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44175,44176,44189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44177,44178,44180,44183,44185,44187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44179,806],{"class":805},[44,44181,44182],{"class":50}," a ",[44,44184,4337],{"class":54},[44,44186,2203],{"class":50},[44,44188,820],{"class":58},[44,44190,44191,44193,44195,44197,44199,44201],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44192,825],{"class":135},[44,44194,121],{"class":58},[44,44196,63],{"class":62},[44,44198,44163],{"class":66},[44,44200,63],{"class":62},[44,44202,100],{"class":58},[20,44204,651,44205,2522,44207,44209],{},[15,44206,11844],{},[15,44208,43125],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[30,44211,20443],{"id":20442},[20,44213,44214],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[169,44216,44217,44220,44223,44228],{},[172,44218,44219],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[172,44221,44222],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[172,44224,44225,44226],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44227,43125],{},[172,44229,44230,44231],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44232,43125],{},[20,44234,44235],{},"The important rule is:",[169,44237,44238,44243],{},[172,44239,651,44240,44242],{},[15,44241,4337],{}," to check value",[172,44244,651,44245,44247],{},[15,44246,11844],{}," to check identity",[20,44249,44250,44251,44253],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44252,43125],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[30,44255,1299],{"id":1298},[20,44257,44258,44259,1155],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44260,43125],{},[169,44262,44263,44271,44274,44277,44282],{},[172,44264,895,44265,44267,44268,44270],{},[15,44266,43125],{}," when ",[15,44269,4337],{}," should be used",[172,44272,44273],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[172,44275,44276],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[172,44278,44279,44280],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44281,43125],{},[172,44283,895,44284,44286],{},[15,44285,43125],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44288,44289],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[35,44291,44293],{"className":37,"code":44292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44294,44295,44310,44324,44338,44352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44296,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305,44308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44298,136],{"class":135},[44,44300,121],{"class":58},[44,44302,12300],{"class":135},[44,44304,121],{"class":58},[44,44306,44307],{"class":117},"my_object",[44,44309,244],{"class":58},[44,44311,44312,44314,44316,44318,44320,44322],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44313,136],{"class":135},[44,44315,121],{"class":58},[44,44317,2198],{"class":117},[44,44319,4337],{"class":54},[44,44321,2203],{"class":117},[44,44323,100],{"class":58},[44,44325,44326,44328,44330,44332,44334,44336],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44327,136],{"class":135},[44,44329,121],{"class":58},[44,44331,2198],{"class":117},[44,44333,11844],{"class":805},[44,44335,2203],{"class":117},[44,44337,100],{"class":58},[44,44339,44340,44342,44344,44346,44348,44350],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,44341,136],{"class":135},[44,44343,121],{"class":58},[44,44345,2868],{"class":2546},[44,44347,121],{"class":58},[44,44349,44307],{"class":117},[44,44351,244],{"class":58},[44,44353,44354,44356,44358,44360],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,44355,31793],{"class":135},[44,44357,121],{"class":58},[44,44359,12300],{"class":135},[44,44361,100],{"class":58},[30,44363,1497],{"id":1496},[338,44365,44367,44368,1504],{"id":44366},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44369,43125],{},[20,44371,44372],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[338,44374,1540,44376,44378],{"id":44375},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44377,43125],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44380,44381],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[338,44383,21061,44385,44387],{"id":44384},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44386,43125],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44389,29910,44390,44392,44393,2522,44395,44397],{},[15,44391,4337],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44394,43125],{},[15,44396,11844],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[338,44399,44401,44402,1547],{"id":44400},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44403,43125],{},[20,44405,44406],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[338,44408,44410,44411,44413],{"id":44409},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44412,43125],{}," values?",[20,44415,44416],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[30,44418,1554],{"id":1553},[169,44420,44421,44426,44431,44436,44444],{},[172,44422,44423],{},[270,44424,44425],{"href":43263},"Python variables explained for beginners",[172,44427,44428],{},[270,44429,44430],{"href":43572},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[172,44432,44433],{},[270,44434,44435],{"href":43576},"Python data types overview",[172,44437,44438],{},[270,44439,3225,44441,3158],{"href":44440},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44442,44443],{},"isinstance()",[172,44445,44446],{},[270,44447,44449],{"href":44448},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1583,44451,44452],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":44454},[44455,44457,44458,44459,44460,44461,44463,44465,44466,44467,44479],{"id":43229,"depth":103,"text":44456},"What id() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":43397,"depth":103,"text":43398},{"id":43580,"depth":103,"text":43581},{"id":43692,"depth":103,"text":43693},{"id":43849,"depth":103,"text":44462},"When id() is useful",{"id":44060,"depth":103,"text":44464},"When not to use id()",{"id":20442,"depth":103,"text":20443},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":44468},[44469,44471,44473,44475,44477],{"id":44366,"depth":132,"text":44470},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44375,"depth":132,"text":44472},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44384,"depth":132,"text":44474},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44400,"depth":132,"text":44476},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44409,"depth":132,"text":44478},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43117,"description":44480},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44487,"title":41830,"body":44488,"description":46128,"extension":1616,"meta":46129,"navigation":434,"path":46130,"seo":46131,"stem":46132,"__hash__":46133},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44489,"toc":46094},[44490,44495,44500,44503,44505,44548,44553,44556,44561,44566,44569,44585,44587,44631,44633,44660,44662,44677,44679,44681,44683,44699,44701,44713,44716,44750,44753,44778,44783,44785,44790,44794,44797,44799,44847,44849,44882,44888,44899,44901,44953,44955,44986,44988,44992,44996,45039,45045,45051,45103,45111,45116,45120,45211,45213,45246,45249,45251,45311,45313,45339,45349,45351,45355,45360,45365,45367,45404,45406,45425,45428,45432,45435,45491,45503,45512,45514,45541,45549,45556,45560,45563,45600,45603,45609,45646,45648,45652,45658,45676,45681,45729,45733,45822,45825,45832,45834,45836,45841,45859,45861,45904,45910,45927,45929,45991,45993,45995,46001,46009,46015,46021,46030,46040,46044,46052,46054,46056,46091],[10,44491,3225,44493,3229],{"id":44492},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44494,2603],{},[20,44496,164,44497,44499],{},[15,44498,2603],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44501,44502],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[30,44504,33],{"id":32},[35,44506,44508],{"className":37,"code":44507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44509,44510,44529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44511,44512,44514,44516,44518,44520,44522,44525,44527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44513,7525],{"class":50},[44,44515,55],{"class":54},[44,44517,7891],{"class":135},[44,44519,121],{"class":58},[44,44521,63],{"class":62},[44,44523,44524],{"class":66},"Enter your name: ",[44,44526,63],{"class":62},[44,44528,100],{"class":58},[44,44530,44531,44533,44535,44537,44540,44542,44544,44546],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44532,136],{"class":135},[44,44534,121],{"class":58},[44,44536,63],{"class":62},[44,44538,44539],{"class":66},"Hello, ",[44,44541,63],{"class":62},[44,44543,2100],{"class":54},[44,44545,35634],{"class":117},[44,44547,100],{"class":58},[20,44549,651,44550,44552],{},[15,44551,2603],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44554,44555],"hr",{},[30,44557,158,44559,161],{"id":44558},"what-input-does",[15,44560,2603],{},[20,44562,44563,44565],{},[15,44564,2603],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44567,44568],{},"Here is what happens:",[169,44570,44571,44576,44579,44582],{},[172,44572,44573,44575],{},[15,44574,2603],{}," waits for the user to type",[172,44577,44578],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[172,44580,44581],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[172,44583,44584],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44586,189],{},[35,44588,44590],{"className":37,"code":44589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44591,44592,44612],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44593,44594,44597,44599,44601,44603,44605,44608,44610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44595,44596],{"class":50},"color ",[44,44598,55],{"class":54},[44,44600,7891],{"class":135},[44,44602,121],{"class":58},[44,44604,63],{"class":62},[44,44606,44607],{"class":66},"What is your favorite color? ",[44,44609,63],{"class":62},[44,44611,100],{"class":58},[44,44613,44614,44616,44618,44620,44623,44625,44627,44629],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44615,136],{"class":135},[44,44617,121],{"class":58},[44,44619,63],{"class":62},[44,44621,44622],{"class":66},"Your favorite color is",[44,44624,63],{"class":62},[44,44626,72],{"class":58},[44,44628,35493],{"class":117},[44,44630,100],{"class":58},[20,44632,29669],{},[35,44634,44636],{"className":37,"code":44635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44637,44638,44651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44639,44640,44642,44644,44647,44649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44641,158],{"class":50},[44,44643,11844],{"class":54},[44,44645,44646],{"class":50}," your favorite color",[44,44648,1547],{"class":37003},[44,44650,35523],{"class":50},[44,44652,44653,44656,44658],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44654,44655],{"class":50},"Your favorite color ",[44,44657,11844],{"class":54},[44,44659,35523],{"class":50},[20,44661,19600],{},[169,44663,44664,44669,44674],{},[172,44665,44666,44667],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44668,44607],{},[172,44670,44671,44672],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44673,32532],{},[172,44675,44676],{},"That value is then printed",[44554,44678],{},[30,44680,277],{"id":276},[20,44682,6867],{},[35,44684,44686],{"className":37,"code":44685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44687,44688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44689,44690,44692,44694,44697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44691,42099],{"class":135},[44,44693,121],{"class":58},[44,44695,44696],{"class":117},"prompt",[44,44698,100],{"class":58},[20,44700,11107],{},[169,44702,44703,44707,44710],{},[172,44704,164,44705,19682],{},[15,44706,44696],{},[172,44708,44709],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[172,44711,44712],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44714,44715],{},"Example with a prompt:",[35,44717,44719],{"className":37,"code":44718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44720,44721,44740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44722,44723,44725,44727,44729,44731,44733,44736,44738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44724,7610],{"class":50},[44,44726,55],{"class":54},[44,44728,7891],{"class":135},[44,44730,121],{"class":58},[44,44732,63],{"class":62},[44,44734,44735],{"class":66},"Enter your username: ",[44,44737,63],{"class":62},[44,44739,100],{"class":58},[44,44741,44742,44744,44746,44748],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44743,136],{"class":135},[44,44745,121],{"class":58},[44,44747,7634],{"class":117},[44,44749,100],{"class":58},[20,44751,44752],{},"Example without a prompt:",[35,44754,44756],{"className":37,"code":44755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44757,44758,44768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44759,44760,44762,44764,44766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44761,1380],{"class":50},[44,44763,55],{"class":54},[44,44765,7891],{"class":135},[44,44767,8292],{"class":58},[44,44769,44770,44772,44774,44776],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44771,136],{"class":135},[44,44773,121],{"class":58},[44,44775,302],{"class":117},[44,44777,100],{"class":58},[20,44779,280,44780,44782],{},[15,44781,2603],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44554,44784],{},[30,44786,158,44788,11355],{"id":44787},"what-input-returns",[15,44789,2603],{},[20,44791,44792,7874],{},[15,44793,2603],{},[20,44795,44796],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44798,189],{},[35,44800,44802],{"className":37,"code":44801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44803,44804,44823,44833],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44805,44806,44808,44810,44812,44814,44816,44819,44821],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44807,21268],{"class":50},[44,44809,55],{"class":54},[44,44811,7891],{"class":135},[44,44813,121],{"class":58},[44,44815,63],{"class":62},[44,44817,44818],{"class":66},"Enter your age: ",[44,44820,63],{"class":62},[44,44822,100],{"class":58},[44,44824,44825,44827,44829,44831],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44826,136],{"class":135},[44,44828,121],{"class":58},[44,44830,8949],{"class":117},[44,44832,100],{"class":58},[44,44834,44835,44837,44839,44841,44843,44845],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44836,136],{"class":135},[44,44838,121],{"class":58},[44,44840,2868],{"class":2546},[44,44842,121],{"class":58},[44,44844,8949],{"class":117},[44,44846,244],{"class":58},[20,44848,29669],{},[35,44850,44852],{"className":37,"code":44851,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44853,44854,44864,44868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44855,44856,44859,44861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44857,44858],{"class":50},"Enter your age",[44,44860,1155],{"class":58},[44,44862,44863],{"class":206}," 25\n",[44,44865,44866],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44867,2353],{"class":206},[44,44869,44870,44872,44874,44876,44878,44880],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44871,2937],{"class":54},[44,44873,2940],{"class":1716},[44,44875,2943],{"class":62},[44,44877,3092],{"class":66},[44,44879,2948],{"class":62},[44,44881,2951],{"class":54},[20,44883,44884,44885,44887],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44886,8844],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44889,44890,44891,2522,44895,114],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[270,44892,44893],{"href":2518},[15,44894,2521],{},[270,44896,44897],{"href":2525},[15,44898,2528],{},[20,44900,189],{},[35,44902,44904],{"className":37,"code":44903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44905,44906,44929,44939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44907,44908,44910,44912,44915,44917,44919,44921,44923,44925,44927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44909,21268],{"class":50},[44,44911,55],{"class":54},[44,44913,44914],{"class":2546}," int",[44,44916,121],{"class":58},[44,44918,42099],{"class":135},[44,44920,121],{"class":58},[44,44922,63],{"class":62},[44,44924,44818],{"class":66},[44,44926,63],{"class":62},[44,44928,244],{"class":58},[44,44930,44931,44933,44935,44937],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44932,136],{"class":135},[44,44934,121],{"class":58},[44,44936,8949],{"class":117},[44,44938,100],{"class":58},[44,44940,44941,44943,44945,44947,44949,44951],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44942,136],{"class":135},[44,44944,121],{"class":58},[44,44946,2868],{"class":2546},[44,44948,121],{"class":58},[44,44950,8949],{"class":117},[44,44952,244],{"class":58},[20,44954,29669],{},[35,44956,44958],{"className":37,"code":44957,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44959,44960,44968,44972],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,44961,44962,44964,44966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,44963,44858],{"class":50},[44,44965,1155],{"class":58},[44,44967,44863],{"class":206},[44,44969,44970],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,44971,2353],{"class":206},[44,44973,44974,44976,44978,44980,44982,44984],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,44975,2937],{"class":54},[44,44977,2940],{"class":1716},[44,44979,2943],{"class":62},[44,44981,1837],{"class":66},[44,44983,2948],{"class":62},[44,44985,2951],{"class":54},[44554,44987],{},[30,44989,44991],{"id":44990},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[338,44993,44995],{"id":44994},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[35,44997,44999],{"className":37,"code":44998,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45000,45001,45020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45002,45003,45005,45007,45009,45011,45013,45016,45018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45004,7525],{"class":50},[44,45006,55],{"class":54},[44,45008,7891],{"class":135},[44,45010,121],{"class":58},[44,45012,63],{"class":62},[44,45014,45015],{"class":66},"What is your name? ",[44,45017,63],{"class":62},[44,45019,100],{"class":58},[44,45021,45022,45024,45026,45028,45031,45033,45035,45037],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45023,136],{"class":135},[44,45025,121],{"class":58},[44,45027,63],{"class":62},[44,45029,45030],{"class":66},"Hello,",[44,45032,63],{"class":62},[44,45034,72],{"class":58},[44,45036,35634],{"class":117},[44,45038,100],{"class":58},[20,45040,45041,45042,45044],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45043,7318],{}," and prints it.",[338,45046,45048,45049],{"id":45047},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45050,2521],{},[35,45052,45054],{"className":37,"code":45053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45055,45056,45079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45057,45058,45060,45062,45064,45066,45068,45070,45072,45075,45077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45059,21268],{"class":50},[44,45061,55],{"class":54},[44,45063,44914],{"class":2546},[44,45065,121],{"class":58},[44,45067,42099],{"class":135},[44,45069,121],{"class":58},[44,45071,63],{"class":62},[44,45073,45074],{"class":66},"How old are you? ",[44,45076,63],{"class":62},[44,45078,244],{"class":58},[44,45080,45081,45083,45085,45087,45090,45092,45094,45097,45099,45101],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45082,136],{"class":135},[44,45084,121],{"class":58},[44,45086,63],{"class":62},[44,45088,45089],{"class":66},"Next year you will be",[44,45091,63],{"class":62},[44,45093,72],{"class":58},[44,45095,45096],{"class":117}," age ",[44,45098,1711],{"class":54},[44,45100,519],{"class":206},[44,45102,100],{"class":58},[20,45104,5708,45105,45107,45108,45110],{},[15,45106,2521],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45109,2603],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45112,45113,45114,114],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[270,45115,8631],{"href":8630},[338,45117,45119],{"id":45118},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[35,45121,45123],{"className":37,"code":45122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45124,45125,45149,45173,45187,45191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45126,45127,45130,45132,45134,45136,45138,45140,45142,45145,45147],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45128,45129],{"class":50},"num1 ",[44,45131,55],{"class":54},[44,45133,44914],{"class":2546},[44,45135,121],{"class":58},[44,45137,42099],{"class":135},[44,45139,121],{"class":58},[44,45141,63],{"class":62},[44,45143,45144],{"class":66},"Enter the first number: ",[44,45146,63],{"class":62},[44,45148,244],{"class":58},[44,45150,45151,45154,45156,45158,45160,45162,45164,45166,45169,45171],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45152,45153],{"class":50},"num2 ",[44,45155,55],{"class":54},[44,45157,44914],{"class":2546},[44,45159,121],{"class":58},[44,45161,42099],{"class":135},[44,45163,121],{"class":58},[44,45165,63],{"class":62},[44,45167,45168],{"class":66},"Enter the second number: ",[44,45170,63],{"class":62},[44,45172,244],{"class":58},[44,45174,45175,45177,45179,45182,45184],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45176,40819],{"class":50},[44,45178,55],{"class":54},[44,45180,45181],{"class":50}," num1 ",[44,45183,1711],{"class":54},[44,45185,45186],{"class":50}," num2\n",[44,45188,45189],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,45190,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,45192,45193,45195,45197,45199,45202,45204,45206,45209],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,45194,136],{"class":135},[44,45196,121],{"class":58},[44,45198,63],{"class":62},[44,45200,45201],{"class":66},"Total:",[44,45203,63],{"class":62},[44,45205,72],{"class":58},[44,45207,45208],{"class":117}," total",[44,45210,100],{"class":58},[20,45212,29669],{},[35,45214,45216],{"className":37,"code":45215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45217,45218,45228,45237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45219,45220,45223,45225],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45221,45222],{"class":50},"Enter the first number",[44,45224,1155],{"class":58},[44,45226,45227],{"class":206}," 2\n",[44,45229,45230,45233,45235],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45231,45232],{"class":50},"Enter the second number",[44,45234,1155],{"class":58},[44,45236,2221],{"class":206},[44,45238,45239,45242,45244],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45240,45241],{"class":50},"Total",[44,45243,1155],{"class":58},[44,45245,34484],{"class":206},[20,45247,45248],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45250,189],{},[35,45252,45254],{"className":37,"code":45253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45255,45256,45274,45292,45296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45257,45258,45260,45262,45264,45266,45268,45270,45272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45259,45129],{"class":50},[44,45261,55],{"class":54},[44,45263,7891],{"class":135},[44,45265,121],{"class":58},[44,45267,63],{"class":62},[44,45269,45144],{"class":66},[44,45271,63],{"class":62},[44,45273,100],{"class":58},[44,45275,45276,45278,45280,45282,45284,45286,45288,45290],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45277,45153],{"class":50},[44,45279,55],{"class":54},[44,45281,7891],{"class":135},[44,45283,121],{"class":58},[44,45285,63],{"class":62},[44,45287,45168],{"class":66},[44,45289,63],{"class":62},[44,45291,100],{"class":58},[44,45293,45294],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45295,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,45297,45298,45300,45302,45304,45306,45309],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,45299,136],{"class":135},[44,45301,121],{"class":58},[44,45303,45129],{"class":117},[44,45305,1711],{"class":54},[44,45307,45308],{"class":117}," num2",[44,45310,100],{"class":58},[20,45312,29669],{},[35,45314,45316],{"className":37,"code":45315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45317,45318,45326,45334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45319,45320,45322,45324],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45321,45222],{"class":50},[44,45323,1155],{"class":58},[44,45325,45227],{"class":206},[44,45327,45328,45330,45332],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45329,45232],{"class":50},[44,45331,1155],{"class":58},[44,45333,2221],{"class":206},[44,45335,45336],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45337,45338],{"class":206},"23\n",[20,45340,45341,45342,45345,45346,114],{},"That happens because ",[15,45343,45344],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45347,45348],{},"\"23\"",[44554,45350],{},[30,45352,45354],{"id":45353},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45356,45357,45358,114],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45359,2603],{},[338,45361,4353,45363,41178],{"id":45362},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45364,2603],{},[20,45366,38836],{},[35,45368,45370],{"className":37,"code":45369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45371,45372,45390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45373,45374,45376,45378,45380,45382,45384,45386,45388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45375,1380],{"class":50},[44,45377,55],{"class":54},[44,45379,7891],{"class":135},[44,45381,121],{"class":58},[44,45383,63],{"class":62},[44,45385,41507],{"class":66},[44,45387,63],{"class":62},[44,45389,100],{"class":58},[44,45391,45392,45394,45396,45398,45400,45402],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45393,136],{"class":135},[44,45395,121],{"class":58},[44,45397,2868],{"class":2546},[44,45399,121],{"class":58},[44,45401,302],{"class":117},[44,45403,244],{"class":58},[20,45405,247],{},[35,45407,45409],{"className":37,"code":45408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45410,45411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45412,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421,45423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45414,2937],{"class":54},[44,45416,2940],{"class":1716},[44,45418,2943],{"class":62},[44,45420,3092],{"class":66},[44,45422,2948],{"class":62},[44,45424,2951],{"class":54},[20,45426,45427],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[338,45429,45431],{"id":45430},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45433,45434],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[35,45436,45438],{"className":37,"code":45437,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45439,45440,45458,45477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45441,45442,45444,45446,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45443,2198],{"class":50},[44,45445,55],{"class":54},[44,45447,7891],{"class":135},[44,45449,121],{"class":58},[44,45451,63],{"class":62},[44,45453,41507],{"class":66},[44,45455,63],{"class":62},[44,45457,100],{"class":58},[44,45459,45460,45462,45464,45466,45468,45470,45473,45475],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45461,2226],{"class":50},[44,45463,55],{"class":54},[44,45465,7891],{"class":135},[44,45467,121],{"class":58},[44,45469,63],{"class":62},[44,45471,45472],{"class":66},"Enter another number: ",[44,45474,63],{"class":62},[44,45476,100],{"class":58},[44,45478,45479,45481,45483,45485,45487,45489],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45480,136],{"class":135},[44,45482,121],{"class":58},[44,45484,2198],{"class":117},[44,45486,1711],{"class":54},[44,45488,2203],{"class":117},[44,45490,100],{"class":58},[20,45492,40757,45493,898,45495,45497,45498,18606,45501,114],{},[15,45494,1145],{},[15,45496,929],{},", the result is ",[15,45499,45500],{},"45",[15,45502,1794],{},[338,45504,45506,45507,45509,45510],{"id":45505},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45508,686],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45511,2521],{},[20,45513,189],{},[35,45515,45517],{"className":37,"code":45516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45518,45519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45520,45521,45523,45525,45527,45529,45531,45533,45535,45537,45539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45522,21268],{"class":50},[44,45524,55],{"class":54},[44,45526,44914],{"class":2546},[44,45528,121],{"class":58},[44,45530,42099],{"class":135},[44,45532,121],{"class":58},[44,45534,63],{"class":62},[44,45536,44818],{"class":66},[44,45538,63],{"class":62},[44,45540,244],{"class":58},[20,45542,7920,45543,45546,45547,114],{},[15,45544,45545],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45548,686],{},[20,45550,45551,45552,114],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[270,45553,45555],{"href":45554},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[338,45557,45559],{"id":45558},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45561,45562],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[35,45564,45566],{"className":37,"code":45565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45567,45568,45586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45569,45570,45572,45574,45576,45578,45580,45582,45584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45571,7525],{"class":50},[44,45573,55],{"class":54},[44,45575,7891],{"class":135},[44,45577,121],{"class":58},[44,45579,63],{"class":62},[44,45581,44524],{"class":66},[44,45583,63],{"class":62},[44,45585,100],{"class":58},[44,45587,45588,45590,45592,45594,45596,45598],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45589,136],{"class":135},[44,45591,121],{"class":58},[44,45593,41415],{"class":135},[44,45595,121],{"class":58},[44,45597,7318],{"class":117},[44,45599,244],{"class":58},[20,45601,45602],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45604,45605,45606,1155],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45607,45608],{},".strip()",[35,45610,45612],{"className":37,"code":45611,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45613,45614,45636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45615,45616,45618,45620,45622,45624,45626,45628,45630,45632,45634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45617,7525],{"class":50},[44,45619,55],{"class":54},[44,45621,7891],{"class":135},[44,45623,121],{"class":58},[44,45625,63],{"class":62},[44,45627,44524],{"class":66},[44,45629,63],{"class":62},[44,45631,8280],{"class":58},[44,45633,8283],{"class":117},[44,45635,8292],{"class":58},[44,45637,45638,45640,45642,45644],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45639,136],{"class":135},[44,45641,121],{"class":58},[44,45643,7318],{"class":117},[44,45645,100],{"class":58},[44554,45647],{},[30,45649,45651],{"id":45650},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45653,45654,45655,45657],{},"These habits make ",[15,45656,2603],{}," easier and safer to use.",[169,45659,45660,45663,45668,45671],{},[172,45661,45662],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[172,45664,651,45665,45667],{},[15,45666,45608],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[172,45669,45670],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[172,45672,651,45673,45675],{},[15,45674,29421],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45677,45678,45679,1155],{},"Example with ",[15,45680,45608],{},[35,45682,45684],{"className":37,"code":45683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45685,45686,45710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45687,45688,45691,45693,45695,45697,45699,45702,45704,45706,45708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45689,45690],{"class":50},"city ",[44,45692,55],{"class":54},[44,45694,7891],{"class":135},[44,45696,121],{"class":58},[44,45698,63],{"class":62},[44,45700,45701],{"class":66},"Enter your city: ",[44,45703,63],{"class":62},[44,45705,8280],{"class":58},[44,45707,8283],{"class":117},[44,45709,8292],{"class":58},[44,45711,45712,45714,45716,45718,45721,45723,45725,45727],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45713,136],{"class":135},[44,45715,121],{"class":58},[44,45717,63],{"class":62},[44,45719,45720],{"class":66},"City:",[44,45722,63],{"class":62},[44,45724,72],{"class":58},[44,45726,31025],{"class":117},[44,45728,100],{"class":58},[20,45730,45678,45731,1155],{},[15,45732,29421],{},[35,45734,45736],{"className":37,"code":45735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45737,45738,45744,45767,45799,45807],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45739,45740,45742],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45741,29443],{"class":805},[44,45743,820],{"class":58},[44,45745,45746,45749,45751,45753,45755,45757,45759,45761,45763,45765],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45747,45748],{"class":50},"    age ",[44,45750,55],{"class":54},[44,45752,44914],{"class":2546},[44,45754,121],{"class":58},[44,45756,42099],{"class":135},[44,45758,121],{"class":58},[44,45760,63],{"class":62},[44,45762,44818],{"class":66},[44,45764,63],{"class":62},[44,45766,244],{"class":58},[44,45768,45769,45771,45773,45775,45778,45780,45782,45784,45786,45788,45790,45792,45795,45797],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45770,825],{"class":135},[44,45772,121],{"class":58},[44,45774,63],{"class":62},[44,45776,45777],{"class":66},"You will be",[44,45779,63],{"class":62},[44,45781,72],{"class":58},[44,45783,45096],{"class":117},[44,45785,1711],{"class":54},[44,45787,519],{"class":206},[44,45789,72],{"class":58},[44,45791,75],{"class":62},[44,45793,45794],{"class":66},"next year",[44,45796,63],{"class":62},[44,45798,100],{"class":58},[44,45800,45801,45803,45805],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,45802,29474],{"class":805},[44,45804,41562],{"class":2546},[44,45806,820],{"class":58},[44,45808,45809,45811,45813,45815,45818,45820],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,45810,825],{"class":135},[44,45812,121],{"class":58},[44,45814,63],{"class":62},[44,45816,45817],{"class":66},"Please enter a whole number.",[44,45819,63],{"class":62},[44,45821,100],{"class":58},[20,45823,45824],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45826,45827,45828,114],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[270,45829,45831],{"href":45830},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44554,45833],{},[30,45835,1299],{"id":1298},[20,45837,45838,45839,1155],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45840,2603],{},[169,45842,45843,45850,45853,45856],{},[172,45844,45845,45846,2522,45848],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45847,2521],{},[15,45849,2528],{},[172,45851,45852],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[172,45854,45855],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[172,45857,45858],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45860,31723],{},[35,45862,45864],{"className":37,"code":45863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45865,45866,45876,45890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45867,45868,45870,45872,45874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45869,136],{"class":135},[44,45871,121],{"class":58},[44,45873,302],{"class":117},[44,45875,100],{"class":58},[44,45877,45878,45880,45882,45884,45886,45888],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45879,136],{"class":135},[44,45881,121],{"class":58},[44,45883,2868],{"class":2546},[44,45885,121],{"class":58},[44,45887,302],{"class":117},[44,45889,244],{"class":58},[44,45891,45892,45894,45896,45898,45900,45902],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45893,136],{"class":135},[44,45895,121],{"class":58},[44,45897,41415],{"class":135},[44,45899,121],{"class":58},[44,45901,302],{"class":117},[44,45903,244],{"class":58},[20,45905,45906,45907,45909],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45908,2603],{}," actually returned:",[169,45911,45912,45917,45922],{},[172,45913,45914,45916],{},[15,45915,41463],{}," shows the value",[172,45918,45919,45921],{},[15,45920,41469],{}," shows the data type",[172,45923,45924,45926],{},[15,45925,41474],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45928,189],{},[35,45930,45932],{"className":37,"code":45931,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45933,45934,45953,45963,45977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,45935,45936,45938,45940,45942,45944,45946,45949,45951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,45937,1380],{"class":50},[44,45939,55],{"class":54},[44,45941,7891],{"class":135},[44,45943,121],{"class":58},[44,45945,63],{"class":62},[44,45947,45948],{"class":66},"Enter something: ",[44,45950,63],{"class":62},[44,45952,100],{"class":58},[44,45954,45955,45957,45959,45961],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,45956,136],{"class":135},[44,45958,121],{"class":58},[44,45960,302],{"class":117},[44,45962,100],{"class":58},[44,45964,45965,45967,45969,45971,45973,45975],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,45966,136],{"class":135},[44,45968,121],{"class":58},[44,45970,2868],{"class":2546},[44,45972,121],{"class":58},[44,45974,302],{"class":117},[44,45976,244],{"class":58},[44,45978,45979,45981,45983,45985,45987,45989],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,45980,136],{"class":135},[44,45982,121],{"class":58},[44,45984,41415],{"class":135},[44,45986,121],{"class":58},[44,45988,302],{"class":117},[44,45990,244],{"class":58},[44554,45992],{},[30,45994,1497],{"id":1496},[338,45996,12355,45998,46000],{"id":45997},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45999,2603],{}," return an integer?",[20,46002,46003,46004,46006,46007,39566],{},"No. ",[15,46005,2603],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46008,2521],{},[338,46010,46012,46013,1547],{"id":46011},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46014,2603],{},[20,46016,46017,46018,46020],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46019,2603],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[338,46022,4806,46024,46027,46028,1547],{"id":46023},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46025,46026],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46029,2603],{},[20,46031,28700,46032,46034,46035,41791,46037,46039],{},[15,46033,2603],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46036,45344],{},[15,46038,45348],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[338,46041,46043],{"id":46042},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46045,651,46046,46048,46049,114],{},[15,46047,45608],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46050,46051],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44554,46053],{},[30,46055,1554],{"id":1553},[169,46057,46058,46063,46067,46073,46079,46083],{},[172,46059,46060],{},[270,46061,46062],{"href":45830},"How to get user input in Python",[172,46064,46065],{},[270,46066,8708],{"href":8630},[172,46068,46069],{},[270,46070,3225,46071,3158],{"href":2518},[15,46072,2521],{},[172,46074,46075],{},[270,46076,3225,46077,3158],{"href":2525},[15,46078,2528],{},[172,46080,46081],{},[270,46082,45555],{"href":45554},[172,46084,46085],{},[270,46086,3225,46088,3158],{"href":46087},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46089,46090],{},"print()",[1583,46092,46093],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":46095},[46096,46097,46099,46100,46102,46108,46116,46117,46118,46127],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":44558,"depth":103,"text":46098},"What input() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":44787,"depth":103,"text":46101},"What input() returns",{"id":44990,"depth":103,"text":44991,"children":46103},[46104,46105,46107],{"id":44994,"depth":132,"text":44995},{"id":45047,"depth":132,"text":46106},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45118,"depth":132,"text":45119},{"id":45353,"depth":103,"text":45354,"children":46109},[46110,46112,46113,46115],{"id":45362,"depth":132,"text":46111},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45430,"depth":132,"text":45431},{"id":45505,"depth":132,"text":46114},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45558,"depth":132,"text":45559},{"id":45650,"depth":103,"text":45651},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":46119},[46120,46122,46124,46126],{"id":45997,"depth":132,"text":46121},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46011,"depth":132,"text":46123},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46023,"depth":132,"text":46125},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46042,"depth":132,"text":46043},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41830,"description":46128},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46135,"title":41732,"body":46136,"description":48448,"extension":1616,"meta":48449,"navigation":434,"path":48450,"seo":48451,"stem":48452,"__hash__":48453},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46137,"toc":48400},[46138,46143,46148,46153,46174,46177,46179,46239,46241,46260,46265,46270,46275,46277,46290,46292,46375,46377,46418,46424,46426,46456,46462,46465,46482,46484,46536,46538,46555,46561,46567,46570,46588,46590,46663,46665,46684,46691,46697,46702,46705,46765,46767,46786,46789,46792,46807,46813,46817,46878,46880,46901,46905,47034,47036,47166,47176,47182,47188,47196,47262,47264,47289,47292,47309,47322,47328,47331,47364,47366,47379,47382,47425,47427,47435,47442,47446,47453,47457,47484,47486,47494,47500,47517,47522,47526,47553,47555,47563,47567,47572,47575,47601,47604,47613,47621,47625,47635,47639,47642,47644,47695,47697,47727,47737,47764,47766,47774,47784,47788,47791,47793,47841,47843,47887,47893,47944,47946,47965,47970,47975,47978,47997,48000,48052,48054,48063,48065,48069,48073,48076,48085,48092,48094,48121,48125,48127,48136,48139,48146,48152,48212,48216,48218,48226,48229,48255,48261,48264,48284,48286,48295,48303,48305,48311,48316,48323,48333,48339,48347,48351,48354,48356,48397],[10,46139,3225,46141,3229],{"id":46140},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46142,2521],{},[20,46144,31958,46145,46147],{},[15,46146,2521],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46149,35048,46150,46152],{},[15,46151,2521],{}," when they want to:",[169,46154,46155,46165,46168,46171],{},[172,46156,46157,46158,46161,46162],{},"turn text like ",[15,46159,46160],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46163,46164],{},"42",[172,46166,46167],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[172,46169,46170],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[172,46172,46173],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46175,46176],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[30,46178,33],{"id":32},[35,46180,46182],{"className":37,"code":46181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46183,46184,46202,46216],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46185,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196,46198,46200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46187,136],{"class":135},[44,46189,121],{"class":58},[44,46191,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46193,121],{"class":58},[44,46195,63],{"class":62},[44,46197,46164],{"class":66},[44,46199,63],{"class":62},[44,46201,244],{"class":58},[44,46203,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212,46214],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46205,136],{"class":135},[44,46207,121],{"class":58},[44,46209,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46211,121],{"class":58},[44,46213,41620],{"class":206},[44,46215,244],{"class":58},[44,46217,46218,46220,46222,46224,46226,46228,46231,46233,46235,46237],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46219,136],{"class":135},[44,46221,121],{"class":58},[44,46223,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46225,121],{"class":58},[44,46227,63],{"class":62},[44,46229,46230],{"class":66},"101",[44,46232,63],{"class":62},[44,46234,72],{"class":58},[44,46236,488],{"class":206},[44,46238,244],{"class":58},[20,46240,247],{},[35,46242,46244],{"className":37,"code":46243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46245,46246,46251,46256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46247,46248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46249,46250],{"class":206},"42\n",[44,46252,46253],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46254,46255],{"class":206},"3\n",[44,46257,46258],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46259,2592],{"class":206},[20,46261,651,46262,46264],{},[15,46263,2521],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[30,46266,158,46268,161],{"id":46267},"what-int-does",[15,46269,2521],{},[20,46271,46272,46274],{},[15,46273,2521],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46276,12703],{},[169,46278,46279,46284,46287],{},[172,46280,46281,46282,6989],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46283,1837],{},[172,46285,46286],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[172,46288,46289],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46291,189],{},[35,46293,46295],{"className":37,"code":46294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46296,46297,46309,46323,46327,46337,46347,46361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46298,46299,46301,46303,46305,46307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46300,34329],{"class":50},[44,46302,55],{"class":54},[44,46304,75],{"class":62},[44,46306,8844],{"class":66},[44,46308,3007],{"class":62},[44,46310,46311,46313,46315,46317,46319,46321],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46312,1865],{"class":50},[44,46314,55],{"class":54},[44,46316,44914],{"class":2546},[44,46318,121],{"class":58},[44,46320,34350],{"class":117},[44,46322,100],{"class":58},[44,46324,46325],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46326,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,46328,46329,46331,46333,46335],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,46330,136],{"class":135},[44,46332,121],{"class":58},[44,46334,34350],{"class":117},[44,46336,100],{"class":58},[44,46338,46339,46341,46343,46345],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,46340,136],{"class":135},[44,46342,121],{"class":58},[44,46344,1887],{"class":117},[44,46346,100],{"class":58},[44,46348,46349,46351,46353,46355,46357,46359],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,46350,136],{"class":135},[44,46352,121],{"class":58},[44,46354,2868],{"class":2546},[44,46356,121],{"class":58},[44,46358,34350],{"class":117},[44,46360,244],{"class":58},[44,46362,46363,46365,46367,46369,46371,46373],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,46364,136],{"class":135},[44,46366,121],{"class":58},[44,46368,2868],{"class":2546},[44,46370,121],{"class":58},[44,46372,1887],{"class":117},[44,46374,244],{"class":58},[20,46376,247],{},[35,46378,46380],{"className":37,"code":46379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46381,46382,46386,46390,46404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46383,46384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46385,2353],{"class":206},[44,46387,46388],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46389,2353],{"class":206},[44,46391,46392,46394,46396,46398,46400,46402],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46393,2937],{"class":54},[44,46395,2940],{"class":1716},[44,46397,2943],{"class":62},[44,46399,3092],{"class":66},[44,46401,2948],{"class":62},[44,46403,2951],{"class":54},[44,46405,46406,46408,46410,46412,46414,46416],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,46407,2937],{"class":54},[44,46409,2940],{"class":1716},[44,46411,2943],{"class":62},[44,46413,1837],{"class":66},[44,46415,2948],{"class":62},[44,46417,2951],{"class":54},[20,46419,46420,46421,46423],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46422,2521],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[30,46425,277],{"id":276},[35,46427,46429],{"className":37,"code":46428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46430,46431,46441],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46432,46433,46435,46437,46439],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46434,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46436,121],{"class":58},[44,46438,1823],{"class":117},[44,46440,100],{"class":58},[44,46442,46443,46445,46447,46449,46451,46454],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46444,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46446,121],{"class":58},[44,46448,1823],{"class":117},[44,46450,72],{"class":58},[44,46452,46453],{"class":117}," base",[44,46455,100],{"class":58},[338,46457,46459],{"id":46458},"intx",[15,46460,46461],{},"int(x)",[20,46463,46464],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[169,46466,46467,46472,46477],{},[172,46468,46469,46470],{},"a string such as ",[15,46471,41762],{},[172,46473,46474,46475],{},"a float such as ",[15,46476,41620],{},[172,46478,46479,46480],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46481,3254],{},[20,46483,189],{},[35,46485,46487],{"className":37,"code":46486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46488,46489,46507,46522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46490,46491,46493,46495,46497,46499,46501,46503,46505],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46492,136],{"class":135},[44,46494,121],{"class":58},[44,46496,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46498,121],{"class":58},[44,46500,63],{"class":62},[44,46502,207],{"class":66},[44,46504,63],{"class":62},[44,46506,244],{"class":58},[44,46508,46509,46511,46513,46515,46517,46520],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46510,136],{"class":135},[44,46512,121],{"class":58},[44,46514,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46516,121],{"class":58},[44,46518,46519],{"class":206},"8.7",[44,46521,244],{"class":58},[44,46523,46524,46526,46528,46530,46532,46534],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46525,136],{"class":135},[44,46527,121],{"class":58},[44,46529,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46531,121],{"class":58},[44,46533,3254],{"class":3502},[44,46535,244],{"class":58},[20,46537,247],{},[35,46539,46541],{"className":37,"code":46540,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46542,46543,46547,46551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46544,46545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46546,2023],{"class":206},[44,46548,46549],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46550,2028],{"class":206},[44,46552,46553],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46554,250],{"class":206},[338,46556,46558],{"id":46557},"intx-base",[15,46559,46560],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46562,46563,46564,46566],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46565,1823],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46568,46569],{},"Common bases:",[169,46571,46572,46577,46582],{},[172,46573,46574,46576],{},[15,46575,1137],{}," for binary",[172,46578,46579,46581],{},[15,46580,1992],{}," for octal",[172,46583,46584,46587],{},[15,46585,46586],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46589,189],{},[35,46591,46593],{"className":37,"code":46592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46594,46595,46617,46640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46596,46597,46599,46601,46603,46605,46607,46609,46611,46613,46615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46598,136],{"class":135},[44,46600,121],{"class":58},[44,46602,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46604,121],{"class":58},[44,46606,63],{"class":62},[44,46608,46230],{"class":66},[44,46610,63],{"class":62},[44,46612,72],{"class":58},[44,46614,488],{"class":206},[44,46616,244],{"class":58},[44,46618,46619,46621,46623,46625,46627,46629,46632,46634,46636,46638],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46620,136],{"class":135},[44,46622,121],{"class":58},[44,46624,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46626,121],{"class":58},[44,46628,63],{"class":62},[44,46630,46631],{"class":66},"17",[44,46633,63],{"class":62},[44,46635,72],{"class":58},[44,46637,6008],{"class":206},[44,46639,244],{"class":58},[44,46641,46642,46644,46646,46648,46650,46652,46655,46657,46659,46661],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46643,136],{"class":135},[44,46645,121],{"class":58},[44,46647,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46649,121],{"class":58},[44,46651,63],{"class":62},[44,46653,46654],{"class":66},"1A",[44,46656,63],{"class":62},[44,46658,72],{"class":58},[44,46660,13636],{"class":206},[44,46662,244],{"class":58},[20,46664,247],{},[35,46666,46668],{"className":37,"code":46667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46669,46670,46674,46679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46671,46672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46673,2592],{"class":206},[44,46675,46676],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46677,46678],{"class":206},"15\n",[44,46680,46681],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46682,46683],{"class":206},"26\n",[20,46685,46686,46687,114],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[270,46688,46689,1950],{"href":2525},[15,46690,2528],{},[30,46692,895,46694,46696],{"id":46693},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46695,2521],{}," with strings",[20,46698,46699,46701],{},[15,46700,2521],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46703,46704],{},"Examples that work:",[35,46706,46708],{"className":37,"code":46707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46709,46710,46728,46746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46711,46712,46714,46716,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46713,136],{"class":135},[44,46715,121],{"class":58},[44,46717,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46719,121],{"class":58},[44,46721,63],{"class":62},[44,46723,929],{"class":66},[44,46725,63],{"class":62},[44,46727,244],{"class":58},[44,46729,46730,46732,46734,46736,46738,46740,46742,46744],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46731,136],{"class":135},[44,46733,121],{"class":58},[44,46735,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46737,121],{"class":58},[44,46739,63],{"class":62},[44,46741,1939],{"class":66},[44,46743,63],{"class":62},[44,46745,244],{"class":58},[44,46747,46748,46750,46752,46754,46756,46758,46761,46763],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46749,136],{"class":135},[44,46751,121],{"class":58},[44,46753,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46755,121],{"class":58},[44,46757,63],{"class":62},[44,46759,46760],{"class":66},"  42  ",[44,46762,63],{"class":62},[44,46764,244],{"class":58},[20,46766,247],{},[35,46768,46770],{"className":37,"code":46769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46771,46772,46776,46782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46773,46774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46775,2592],{"class":206},[44,46777,46778,46780],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46779,1674],{"class":54},[44,46781,1873],{"class":206},[44,46783,46784],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46785,46250],{"class":206},[20,46787,46788],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46790,46791],{},"Examples that fail:",[35,46793,46795],{"className":37,"code":46794,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46796,46797,46802],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46798,46799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46800,46801],{"class":147},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[44,46803,46804],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46805,46806],{"class":147},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46808,46809,46810,46812],{},"These raise ",[15,46811,686],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[338,46814,46816],{"id":46815},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[35,46818,46820],{"className":37,"code":46819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46821,46822,46840,46859],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46823,46824,46826,46828,46830,46832,46834,46836,46838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46825,136],{"class":135},[44,46827,121],{"class":58},[44,46829,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46831,121],{"class":58},[44,46833,63],{"class":62},[44,46835,186],{"class":66},[44,46837,63],{"class":62},[44,46839,244],{"class":58},[44,46841,46842,46844,46846,46848,46850,46852,46855,46857],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46843,136],{"class":135},[44,46845,121],{"class":58},[44,46847,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46849,121],{"class":58},[44,46851,63],{"class":62},[44,46853,46854],{"class":66},"+7",[44,46856,63],{"class":62},[44,46858,244],{"class":58},[44,46860,46861,46863,46865,46867,46869,46871,46874,46876],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46862,136],{"class":135},[44,46864,121],{"class":58},[44,46866,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46868,121],{"class":58},[44,46870,63],{"class":62},[44,46872,46873],{"class":66},"-100",[44,46875,63],{"class":62},[44,46877,244],{"class":58},[20,46879,247],{},[35,46881,46883],{"className":37,"code":46882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46884,46885,46890,46894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46886,46887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46888,46889],{"class":206},"0\n",[44,46891,46892],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46893,1731],{"class":206},[44,46895,46896,46898],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46897,1674],{"class":54},[44,46899,46900],{"class":206},"100\n",[338,46902,46904],{"id":46903},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[35,46906,46908],{"className":37,"code":46907,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46909,46910,46948,46952,46964,46971,46986,47001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,46911,46912,46914,46916,46918,46920,46922,46924,46926,46928,46931,46933,46935,46937,46939,46941,46944,46946],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,46913,922],{"class":50},[44,46915,55],{"class":54},[44,46917,3273],{"class":58},[44,46919,63],{"class":62},[44,46921,39780],{"class":66},[44,46923,63],{"class":62},[44,46925,72],{"class":58},[44,46927,75],{"class":62},[44,46929,46930],{"class":66},"12abc",[44,46932,63],{"class":62},[44,46934,72],{"class":58},[44,46936,5774],{"class":62},[44,46938,72],{"class":58},[44,46940,75],{"class":62},[44,46942,46943],{"class":66},"seven",[44,46945,63],{"class":62},[44,46947,3286],{"class":58},[44,46949,46950],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,46951,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,46953,46954,46956,46958,46960,46962],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,46955,5606],{"class":805},[44,46957,1449],{"class":50},[44,46959,1383],{"class":805},[44,46961,3535],{"class":50},[44,46963,820],{"class":58},[44,46965,46966,46969],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,46967,46968],{"class":805},"    try",[44,46970,820],{"class":58},[44,46972,46973,46976,46978,46980,46982,46984],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,46974,46975],{"class":135},"        print",[44,46977,121],{"class":58},[44,46979,1837],{"class":2546},[44,46981,121],{"class":58},[44,46983,302],{"class":117},[44,46985,244],{"class":58},[44,46987,46988,46991,46993,46996,46999],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,46989,46990],{"class":805},"    except",[44,46992,41562],{"class":2546},[44,46994,46995],{"class":805}," as",[44,46997,46998],{"class":50}," error",[44,47000,820],{"class":58},[44,47002,47003,47005,47007,47009,47011,47013,47015,47018,47020,47023,47025,47028,47030,47032],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,47004,46975],{"class":135},[44,47006,121],{"class":58},[44,47008,21934],{"class":1716},[44,47010,63],{"class":66},[44,47012,8928],{"class":206},[44,47014,302],{"class":117},[44,47016,47017],{"class":1716},"!r",[44,47019,21943],{"class":206},[44,47021,47022],{"class":66}," -> ",[44,47024,8928],{"class":206},[44,47026,47027],{"class":117},"error",[44,47029,21943],{"class":206},[44,47031,63],{"class":66},[44,47033,100],{"class":58},[20,47035,247],{},[35,47037,47039],{"className":37,"code":47038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47040,47041,47077,47109,47134],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47042,47043,47045,47047,47049,47052,47055,47057,47059,47061,47064,47067,47069,47071,47073,47075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47044,2948],{"class":42965},[44,47046,39780],{"class":42969},[44,47048,2948],{"class":42965},[44,47050,47051],{"class":37003}," ->",[44,47053,47054],{"class":50}," invalid literal ",[44,47056,5606],{"class":805},[44,47058,44914],{"class":2546},[44,47060,7015],{"class":58},[44,47062,47063],{"class":805}," with",[44,47065,47066],{"class":50}," base ",[44,47068,207],{"class":206},[44,47070,1155],{"class":58},[44,47072,2943],{"class":62},[44,47074,39780],{"class":66},[44,47076,29339],{"class":62},[44,47078,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47080,2948],{"class":62},[44,47082,46930],{"class":66},[44,47084,2948],{"class":62},[44,47086,47051],{"class":37003},[44,47088,47054],{"class":50},[44,47090,5606],{"class":805},[44,47092,44914],{"class":2546},[44,47094,7015],{"class":58},[44,47096,47063],{"class":805},[44,47098,47066],{"class":50},[44,47100,207],{"class":206},[44,47102,1155],{"class":58},[44,47104,2943],{"class":62},[44,47106,46930],{"class":66},[44,47108,29339],{"class":62},[44,47110,47111,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125,47127,47129,47131],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47112,3423],{"class":62},[44,47114,47051],{"class":37003},[44,47116,47054],{"class":50},[44,47118,5606],{"class":805},[44,47120,44914],{"class":2546},[44,47122,7015],{"class":58},[44,47124,47063],{"class":805},[44,47126,47066],{"class":50},[44,47128,207],{"class":206},[44,47130,1155],{"class":58},[44,47132,47133],{"class":62}," ''\n",[44,47135,47136,47138,47140,47142,47144,47146,47148,47150,47152,47154,47156,47158,47160,47162,47164],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,47137,2948],{"class":62},[44,47139,46943],{"class":66},[44,47141,2948],{"class":62},[44,47143,47051],{"class":37003},[44,47145,47054],{"class":50},[44,47147,5606],{"class":805},[44,47149,44914],{"class":2546},[44,47151,7015],{"class":58},[44,47153,47063],{"class":805},[44,47155,47066],{"class":50},[44,47157,207],{"class":206},[44,47159,1155],{"class":58},[44,47161,2943],{"class":62},[44,47163,46943],{"class":66},[44,47165,29339],{"class":62},[20,47167,47168,47169,47171,47172,114],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[270,47170,8631],{"href":8630}," and the ",[270,47173,47174,1950],{"href":7868},[15,47175,2603],{},[30,47177,895,47179,47181],{"id":47178},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47180,2521],{}," with floats",[20,47183,47184,47185,47187],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47186,2521],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47189,47190,47191,13702,47193,47195],{},"Important: ",[15,47192,2521],{},[367,47194,881],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[35,47197,47199],{"className":37,"code":47198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47200,47201,47215,47230,47246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47202,47203,47205,47207,47209,47211,47213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47204,136],{"class":135},[44,47206,121],{"class":58},[44,47208,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47210,121],{"class":58},[44,47212,41620],{"class":206},[44,47214,244],{"class":58},[44,47216,47217,47219,47221,47223,47225,47228],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47218,136],{"class":135},[44,47220,121],{"class":58},[44,47222,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47224,121],{"class":58},[44,47226,47227],{"class":206},"3.1",[44,47229,244],{"class":58},[44,47231,47232,47234,47236,47238,47240,47242,47244],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47233,136],{"class":135},[44,47235,121],{"class":58},[44,47237,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47239,121],{"class":58},[44,47241,1674],{"class":54},[44,47243,41620],{"class":206},[44,47245,244],{"class":58},[44,47247,47248,47250,47252,47254,47256,47258,47260],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,47249,136],{"class":135},[44,47251,121],{"class":58},[44,47253,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47255,121],{"class":58},[44,47257,1674],{"class":54},[44,47259,47227],{"class":206},[44,47261,244],{"class":58},[20,47263,247],{},[35,47265,47267],{"className":37,"code":47266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47268,47269,47273,47277,47283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47270,47271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47272,46255],{"class":206},[44,47274,47275],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47276,46255],{"class":206},[44,47278,47279,47281],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47280,1674],{"class":54},[44,47282,46255],{"class":206},[44,47284,47285,47287],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,47286,1674],{"class":54},[44,47288,46255],{"class":206},[20,47290,47291],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[169,47293,47294,47301],{},[172,47295,47296,41791,47299],{},[15,47297,47298],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47300,1141],{},[172,47302,47303,41791,47306],{},[15,47304,47305],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47307,47308],{},"-3",[20,47310,47311,47312,47316,47317,114],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[270,47313,47314],{"href":2525},[15,47315,2528],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[270,47318,47319],{"href":41811},[15,47320,47321],{},"str()",[30,47323,895,47325,47327],{"id":47324},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47326,2521],{}," with booleans",[20,47329,47330],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[35,47332,47334],{"className":37,"code":47333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47335,47336,47350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47337,47338,47340,47342,47344,47346,47348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47339,136],{"class":135},[44,47341,121],{"class":58},[44,47343,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47345,121],{"class":58},[44,47347,3254],{"class":3502},[44,47349,244],{"class":58},[44,47351,47352,47354,47356,47358,47360,47362],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47353,136],{"class":135},[44,47355,121],{"class":58},[44,47357,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47359,121],{"class":58},[44,47361,3324],{"class":3502},[44,47363,244],{"class":58},[20,47365,247],{},[35,47367,47369],{"className":37,"code":47368,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n0\n",[15,47370,47371,47375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47372,47373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47374,250],{"class":206},[44,47376,47377],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47378,46889],{"class":206},[20,47380,47381],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[35,47383,47385],{"className":37,"code":47384,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47386,47387,47396,47411,47415],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47388,47389,47392,47394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47390,47391],{"class":50},"passed ",[44,47393,55],{"class":54},[44,47395,6071],{"class":3502},[44,47397,47398,47400,47402,47404,47406,47409],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47399,40819],{"class":50},[44,47401,55],{"class":54},[44,47403,44914],{"class":2546},[44,47405,121],{"class":58},[44,47407,47408],{"class":117},"passed",[44,47410,100],{"class":58},[44,47412,47413],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47414,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,47416,47417,47419,47421,47423],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,47418,136],{"class":135},[44,47420,121],{"class":58},[44,47422,40848],{"class":117},[44,47424,100],{"class":58},[20,47426,247],{},[35,47428,47429],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47430,47431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47432,47433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47434,250],{"class":206},[20,47436,47437,47438,114],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[270,47439,47440,1950],{"href":5428},[15,47441,3463],{},[30,47443,47445],{"id":47444},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47447,47448,47449,47452],{},"Use the ",[15,47450,47451],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[338,47454,47456],{"id":47455},"binary-example","Binary example",[35,47458,47460],{"className":37,"code":47459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47461,47462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47463,47464,47466,47468,47470,47472,47474,47476,47478,47480,47482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47465,136],{"class":135},[44,47467,121],{"class":58},[44,47469,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47471,121],{"class":58},[44,47473,63],{"class":62},[44,47475,46230],{"class":66},[44,47477,63],{"class":62},[44,47479,72],{"class":58},[44,47481,488],{"class":206},[44,47483,244],{"class":58},[20,47485,247],{},[35,47487,47488],{"className":37,"code":2592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47489,47490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47491,47492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47493,2592],{"class":206},[20,47495,47496,47499],{},[15,47497,47498],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[169,47501,47502,47507,47512],{},[172,47503,47504],{},[15,47505,47506],{},"1 × 4",[172,47508,47509],{},[15,47510,47511],{},"0 × 2",[172,47513,47514],{},[15,47515,47516],{},"1 × 1",[20,47518,47519,47520,114],{},"So the result is ",[15,47521,929],{},[338,47523,47525],{"id":47524},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[35,47527,47529],{"className":37,"code":47528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47530,47531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47532,47533,47535,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47534,136],{"class":135},[44,47536,121],{"class":58},[44,47538,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47540,121],{"class":58},[44,47542,63],{"class":62},[44,47544,46654],{"class":66},[44,47546,63],{"class":62},[44,47548,72],{"class":58},[44,47550,13636],{"class":206},[44,47552,244],{"class":58},[20,47554,247],{},[35,47556,47557],{"className":37,"code":46683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47558,47559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47560,47561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47562,46683],{"class":206},[338,47564,47566],{"id":47565},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47568,164,47569,47571],{},[15,47570,47451],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47573,47574],{},"Good:",[35,47576,47577],{"className":37,"code":47459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47578,47579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47580,47581,47583,47585,47587,47589,47591,47593,47595,47597,47599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47582,136],{"class":135},[44,47584,121],{"class":58},[44,47586,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47588,121],{"class":58},[44,47590,63],{"class":62},[44,47592,46230],{"class":66},[44,47594,63],{"class":62},[44,47596,72],{"class":58},[44,47598,488],{"class":206},[44,47600,244],{"class":58},[20,47602,47603],{},"Not correct:",[35,47605,47607],{"className":37,"code":47606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47608,47609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47610,47611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47612,47606],{"class":147},[20,47614,47615,47616,8250,47618,47620],{},"That causes a ",[15,47617,2650],{},[15,47619,47451],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[30,47622,47624],{"id":47623},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47626,47627,47628,47630,47631,898,47633,114],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47629,2521],{}," are ",[15,47632,686],{},[15,47634,2650],{},[338,47636,47637],{"id":41149},[15,47638,686],{},[20,47640,47641],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47643,189],{},[35,47645,47647],{"className":37,"code":47646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47648,47649,47655,47673,47685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47650,47651,47653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47652,29443],{"class":805},[44,47654,820],{"class":58},[44,47656,47657,47659,47661,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47658,825],{"class":135},[44,47660,121],{"class":58},[44,47662,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47664,121],{"class":58},[44,47666,63],{"class":62},[44,47668,39780],{"class":66},[44,47670,63],{"class":62},[44,47672,244],{"class":58},[44,47674,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47676,29474],{"class":805},[44,47678,41562],{"class":2546},[44,47680,46995],{"class":805},[44,47682,46998],{"class":50},[44,47684,820],{"class":58},[44,47686,47687,47689,47691,47693],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,47688,825],{"class":135},[44,47690,121],{"class":58},[44,47692,47027],{"class":117},[44,47694,100],{"class":58},[20,47696,247],{},[35,47698,47700],{"className":37,"code":47699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47701,47702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47703,47704,47707,47709,47711,47713,47715,47717,47719,47721,47723,47725],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47705,47706],{"class":50},"invalid literal ",[44,47708,5606],{"class":805},[44,47710,44914],{"class":2546},[44,47712,7015],{"class":58},[44,47714,47063],{"class":805},[44,47716,47066],{"class":50},[44,47718,207],{"class":206},[44,47720,1155],{"class":58},[44,47722,2943],{"class":62},[44,47724,39780],{"class":66},[44,47726,29339],{"class":62},[20,47728,47729,47730,47733,47734,47736],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47731,47732],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47735,2521],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[35,47738,47740],{"className":37,"code":47739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47741,47742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47743,47744,47746,47748,47750,47752,47754,47756,47758,47760,47762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47745,136],{"class":135},[44,47747,121],{"class":58},[44,47749,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47751,121],{"class":58},[44,47753,1840],{"class":2546},[44,47755,121],{"class":58},[44,47757,63],{"class":62},[44,47759,39780],{"class":66},[44,47761,63],{"class":62},[44,47763,2557],{"class":58},[20,47765,247],{},[35,47767,47768],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,47769,47770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47771,47772],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47773,46255],{"class":206},[20,47775,47776,47777,898,47780,114],{},"If you see this often, read ",[270,47778,47779],{"href":2607},"how to convert string to int in Python",[270,47781,25319,47782],{"href":45554},[15,47783,45555],{},[338,47785,47786],{"id":41215},[15,47787,2650],{},[20,47789,47790],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47792,189],{},[35,47794,47796],{"className":37,"code":47795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47797,47798,47804,47818,47831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47799,47800,47802],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47801,29443],{"class":805},[44,47803,820],{"class":58},[44,47805,47806,47808,47810,47812,47814,47816],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47807,825],{"class":135},[44,47809,121],{"class":58},[44,47811,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47813,121],{"class":58},[44,47815,3428],{"class":3502},[44,47817,244],{"class":58},[44,47819,47820,47822,47825,47827,47829],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47821,29474],{"class":805},[44,47823,47824],{"class":2546}," TypeError",[44,47826,46995],{"class":805},[44,47828,46998],{"class":50},[44,47830,820],{"class":58},[44,47832,47833,47835,47837,47839],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,47834,825],{"class":135},[44,47836,121],{"class":58},[44,47838,47027],{"class":117},[44,47840,100],{"class":58},[20,47842,247],{},[35,47844,47846],{"className":37,"code":47845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47847,47848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47849,47850,47852,47854,47857,47859,47861,47864,47866,47869,47871,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47851,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47853,7015],{"class":58},[44,47855,47856],{"class":50}," argument must be a string",[44,47858,72],{"class":58},[44,47860,44182],{"class":50},[44,47862,47863],{"class":2546},"bytes",[44,47865,1674],{"class":54},[44,47867,47868],{"class":50},"like ",[44,47870,42035],{"class":2546},[44,47872,47873],{"class":54}," or",[44,47875,40476],{"class":50},[44,47877,72],{"class":58},[44,47879,7748],{"class":54},[44,47881,2943],{"class":62},[44,47883,47884],{"class":66},"NoneType",[44,47886,29339],{"class":62},[20,47888,47889,47890,47892],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47891,47451],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[35,47894,47896],{"className":37,"code":47895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47897,47898,47904,47922,47934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47899,47900,47902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47901,29443],{"class":805},[44,47903,820],{"class":58},[44,47905,47906,47908,47910,47912,47914,47916,47918,47920],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,47907,825],{"class":135},[44,47909,121],{"class":58},[44,47911,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47913,121],{"class":58},[44,47915,46230],{"class":206},[44,47917,72],{"class":58},[44,47919,488],{"class":206},[44,47921,244],{"class":58},[44,47923,47924,47926,47928,47930,47932],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,47925,29474],{"class":805},[44,47927,47824],{"class":2546},[44,47929,46995],{"class":805},[44,47931,46998],{"class":50},[44,47933,820],{"class":58},[44,47935,47936,47938,47940,47942],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,47937,825],{"class":135},[44,47939,121],{"class":58},[44,47941,47027],{"class":117},[44,47943,100],{"class":58},[20,47945,247],{},[35,47947,47949],{"className":37,"code":47948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47950,47951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,47952,47953,47955,47957,47960,47962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,47954,1837],{"class":2546},[44,47956,7015],{"class":58},[44,47958,47959],{"class":50}," can",[44,47961,2948],{"class":62},[44,47963,47964],{"class":66},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[30,47966,4609,47968],{"id":47967},"when-to-use-int",[15,47969,2521],{},[20,47971,651,47972,47974],{},[15,47973,2521],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47976,47977],{},"Common uses:",[169,47979,47980,47986,47989,47992],{},[172,47981,47982,47983,47985],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47984,2603],{}," into integers",[172,47987,47988],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[172,47990,47991],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[172,47993,47994,47995,36253],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47996,47451],{},[20,47998,47999],{},"Example with user input:",[35,48001,48003],{"className":37,"code":48002,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48004,48005,48019,48034,48038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48006,48007,48010,48012,48014,48017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48008,48009],{"class":50},"age_text ",[44,48011,55],{"class":54},[44,48013,75],{"class":62},[44,48015,48016],{"class":66},"18",[44,48018,3007],{"class":62},[44,48020,48021,48023,48025,48027,48029,48032],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48022,21268],{"class":50},[44,48024,55],{"class":54},[44,48026,44914],{"class":2546},[44,48028,121],{"class":58},[44,48030,48031],{"class":117},"age_text",[44,48033,100],{"class":58},[44,48035,48036],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48037,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,48039,48040,48042,48044,48046,48048,48050],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,48041,136],{"class":135},[44,48043,121],{"class":58},[44,48045,21268],{"class":117},[44,48047,1711],{"class":54},[44,48049,519],{"class":206},[44,48051,100],{"class":58},[20,48053,247],{},[35,48055,48057],{"className":37,"code":48056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19\n",[15,48058,48059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48060,48061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48062,48056],{"class":206},[30,48064,1299],{"id":1298},[20,48066,14382,48067,114],{},[15,48068,2521],{},[338,48070,48072],{"id":48071},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48074,48075],{},"This fails:",[35,48077,48079],{"className":37,"code":48078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48080,48081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48082,48083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48084,48078],{"class":147},[20,48086,48087,48088,48091],{},"Why: ",[15,48089,48090],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48093,18483],{},[35,48095,48097],{"className":37,"code":48096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48098,48099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48100,48101,48103,48105,48107,48109,48111,48113,48115,48117,48119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48102,136],{"class":135},[44,48104,121],{"class":58},[44,48106,1837],{"class":2546},[44,48108,121],{"class":58},[44,48110,1840],{"class":2546},[44,48112,121],{"class":58},[44,48114,63],{"class":62},[44,48116,40760],{"class":66},[44,48118,63],{"class":62},[44,48120,2557],{"class":58},[338,48122,48124],{"id":48123},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48126,48075],{},[35,48128,48130],{"className":37,"code":48129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48131,48132],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48133,48134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48135,48129],{"class":147},[20,48137,48138],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[338,48140,48142,48143],{"id":48141},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48144,48145],{},"int(None)",[20,48147,48148,48149,48151],{},"This fails because ",[15,48150,3428],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[35,48153,48155],{"className":37,"code":48154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48156,48157,48166,48170,48176,48190,48202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48158,48159,48161,48163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48160,1380],{"class":50},[44,48162,55],{"class":54},[44,48164,48165],{"class":3502}," None\n",[44,48167,48168],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48169,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,48171,48172,48174],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48173,29443],{"class":805},[44,48175,820],{"class":58},[44,48177,48178,48180,48182,48184,48186,48188],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,48179,825],{"class":135},[44,48181,121],{"class":58},[44,48183,1837],{"class":2546},[44,48185,121],{"class":58},[44,48187,302],{"class":117},[44,48189,244],{"class":58},[44,48191,48192,48194,48196,48198,48200],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,48193,29474],{"class":805},[44,48195,47824],{"class":2546},[44,48197,46995],{"class":805},[44,48199,46998],{"class":50},[44,48201,820],{"class":58},[44,48203,48204,48206,48208,48210],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,48205,825],{"class":135},[44,48207,121],{"class":58},[44,48209,47027],{"class":117},[44,48211,100],{"class":58},[338,48213,48215],{"id":48214},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48217,48075],{},[35,48219,48220],{"className":37,"code":47606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48221,48222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48223,48224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48225,47606],{"class":147},[20,48227,48228],{},"Use a string instead:",[35,48230,48231],{"className":37,"code":47459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48232,48233],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48234,48235,48237,48239,48241,48243,48245,48247,48249,48251,48253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48236,136],{"class":135},[44,48238,121],{"class":58},[44,48240,1837],{"class":2546},[44,48242,121],{"class":58},[44,48244,63],{"class":62},[44,48246,46230],{"class":66},[44,48248,63],{"class":62},[44,48250,72],{"class":58},[44,48252,488],{"class":206},[44,48254,244],{"class":58},[338,48256,1312,48258,48260],{"id":48257},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48259,2521],{}," to round",[20,48262,48263],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[35,48265,48267],{"className":37,"code":48266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48268,48269],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48270,48271,48273,48275,48277,48279,48282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48272,136],{"class":135},[44,48274,121],{"class":58},[44,48276,1837],{"class":2546},[44,48278,121],{"class":58},[44,48280,48281],{"class":206},"4.9",[44,48283,244],{"class":58},[20,48285,247],{},[35,48287,48289],{"className":37,"code":48288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n",[15,48290,48291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48292,48293],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48294,48288],{"class":206},[20,48296,2815,48297,48299,48300,48302],{},[15,48298,929],{},", remember that ",[15,48301,2521],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[30,48304,1497],{"id":1496},[338,48306,12355,48308,48310],{"id":48307},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48309,2521],{}," round numbers?",[20,48312,46003,48313,48315],{},[15,48314,2521],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[338,48317,4806,48319,48322],{"id":48318},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48320,48321],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48324,28700,48325,48327,48328,48330,48331,39566],{},[15,48326,47732],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48329,2528],{}," first, then use ",[15,48332,2521],{},[338,48334,1501,48336,1504],{"id":48335},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48337,48338],{},"int(True)",[20,48340,4796,48341,27952,48343,41791,48345,114],{},[15,48342,1133],{},[15,48344,3324],{},[15,48346,186],{},[338,48348,48350],{"id":48349},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48352,48353],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[30,48355,1554],{"id":1553},[169,48357,48358,48364,48370,48376,48381,48385,48391],{},[172,48359,48360],{},[270,48361,48362,3158],{"href":2525},[15,48363,2528],{},[172,48365,48366],{},[270,48367,48368,3158],{"href":41811},[15,48369,47321],{},[172,48371,48372],{},[270,48373,48374,3158],{"href":5428},[15,48375,3463],{},[172,48377,48378],{},[270,48379,48380],{"href":2607},"How to convert string to int in Python",[172,48382,48383],{},[270,48384,8708],{"href":8630},[172,48386,48387],{},[270,48388,48389,3158],{"href":7868},[15,48390,2603],{},[172,48392,48393],{},[270,48394,29987,48395],{"href":45554},[15,48396,45555],{},[1583,48398,48399],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":48401},[48402,48403,48405,48409,48414,48416,48418,48423,48427,48429,48438,48447],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":46267,"depth":103,"text":48404},"What int() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":48406},[48407,48408],{"id":46458,"depth":132,"text":46461},{"id":46557,"depth":132,"text":46560},{"id":46693,"depth":103,"text":48410,"children":48411},"Using int() with strings",[48412,48413],{"id":46815,"depth":132,"text":46816},{"id":46903,"depth":132,"text":46904},{"id":47178,"depth":103,"text":48415},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47324,"depth":103,"text":48417},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47444,"depth":103,"text":47445,"children":48419},[48420,48421,48422],{"id":47455,"depth":132,"text":47456},{"id":47524,"depth":132,"text":47525},{"id":47565,"depth":132,"text":47566},{"id":47623,"depth":103,"text":47624,"children":48424},[48425,48426],{"id":41149,"depth":132,"text":686},{"id":41215,"depth":132,"text":2650},{"id":47967,"depth":103,"text":48428},"When to use int()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":48430},[48431,48432,48433,48435,48436],{"id":48071,"depth":132,"text":48072},{"id":48123,"depth":132,"text":48124},{"id":48141,"depth":132,"text":48434},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48214,"depth":132,"text":48215},{"id":48257,"depth":132,"text":48437},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":48439},[48440,48442,48444,48446],{"id":48307,"depth":132,"text":48441},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48318,"depth":132,"text":48443},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48335,"depth":132,"text":48445},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48349,"depth":132,"text":48350},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41732,"description":48448},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48455,"title":48456,"body":48457,"description":50293,"extension":1616,"meta":50294,"navigation":434,"path":44440,"seo":50295,"stem":50296,"__hash__":50297},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48458,"toc":50249},[48459,48464,48469,48477,48486,48488,48547,48553,48558,48563,48566,48594,48597,48600,48611,48621,48623,48625,48645,48649,48677,48679,48718,48720,48728,48730,48733,48737,48790,48792,48804,48808,48865,48867,48879,48885,48891,48895,48898,48901,48967,48969,48981,48987,48989,49041,49044,49085,49088,49095,49104,49110,49113,49146,49152,49155,49186,49192,49195,49207,49211,49216,49220,49378,49380,49395,49398,49402,49506,49508,49525,49529,49590,49592,49600,49603,49607,49674,49676,49685,49691,49693,49702,49704,49739,49744,49746,49776,49780,49782,49819,49822,49824,49861,49867,49869,49919,49921,49929,49939,49945,49949,49954,50003,50005,50018,50021,50023,50026,50101,50104,50123,50126,50156,50166,50168,50173,50180,50186,50192,50199,50207,50213,50216,50218,50246],[10,48460,3225,48462,3229],{"id":48461},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48463,44443],{},[20,48465,48466,48468],{},[15,48467,44443],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48470,48471,48472,2522,48474,48476],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48473,3254],{},[15,48475,3324],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48478,48479,48480,48482,48483,48485],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48481,44443],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48484,1949],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[30,48487,3259],{"id":3258},[35,48489,48491],{"className":37,"code":48490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48492,48493,48501,48505,48526],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48494,48495,48497,48499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48496,1380],{"class":50},[44,48498,55],{"class":54},[44,48500,2231],{"class":206},[44,48502,48503],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48504,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,48506,48507,48509,48511,48514,48516,48518,48520,48522,48524],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48508,136],{"class":135},[44,48510,121],{"class":58},[44,48512,48513],{"class":135},"isinstance",[44,48515,121],{"class":58},[44,48517,302],{"class":117},[44,48519,72],{"class":58},[44,48521,44914],{"class":2546},[44,48523,459],{"class":58},[44,48525,43492],{"class":147},[44,48527,48528,48530,48532,48534,48536,48538,48540,48543,48545],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,48529,136],{"class":135},[44,48531,121],{"class":58},[44,48533,48513],{"class":135},[44,48535,121],{"class":58},[44,48537,302],{"class":117},[44,48539,72],{"class":58},[44,48541,48542],{"class":2546}," str",[44,48544,459],{"class":58},[44,48546,43509],{"class":147},[20,48548,651,48549,48552],{},[15,48550,48551],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[30,48554,158,48556,161],{"id":48555},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48557,44443],{},[20,48559,48560,48562],{},[15,48561,44443],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48564,48565],{},"It:",[169,48567,48568,48571,48577,48580],{},[172,48569,48570],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[172,48572,11072,48573,2522,48575],{},[15,48574,3254],{},[15,48576,3324],{},[172,48578,48579],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[172,48581,48582,48583,1134,48585,1134,48587,1134,48589,1138,48592],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48584,3092],{},[15,48586,1837],{},[15,48588,7742],{},[15,48590,48591],{},"tuple",[15,48593,8471],{},[20,48595,48596],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48598,48599],{},"For example, you might want to:",[169,48601,48602,48605,48608],{},[172,48603,48604],{},"loop through a list",[172,48606,48607],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[172,48609,48610],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48612,48613,48614,2522,48617,114],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[270,48615,44435],{"href":48616},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[270,48618,48620],{"href":48619},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[30,48622,277],{"id":276},[20,48624,1809],{},[35,48626,48628],{"className":37,"code":48627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48629,48630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48631,48632,48634,48636,48638,48640,48643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48633,48513],{"class":135},[44,48635,121],{"class":58},[44,48637,42035],{"class":2546},[44,48639,72],{"class":58},[44,48641,48642],{"class":117}," classinfo",[44,48644,100],{"class":58},[338,48646,48648],{"id":48647},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[169,48650,48651,48656,48670],{},[172,48652,48653,48655],{},[15,48654,42035],{}," is the value you want to test",[172,48657,48658,48661,48662,1134,48664,1134,48666,1841,48668],{},[15,48659,48660],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48663,1837],{},[15,48665,3092],{},[15,48667,7742],{},[15,48669,8471],{},[172,48671,48672,48673,2522,48675],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48674,3254],{},[15,48676,3324],{},[20,48678,189],{},[35,48680,48682],{"className":37,"code":48681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48683,48684,48696,48700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48685,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48687,7525],{"class":50},[44,48689,55],{"class":54},[44,48691,75],{"class":62},[44,48693,11158],{"class":66},[44,48695,3007],{"class":62},[44,48697,48698],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48699,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,48701,48702,48704,48706,48708,48710,48712,48714,48716],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48703,136],{"class":135},[44,48705,121],{"class":58},[44,48707,48513],{"class":135},[44,48709,121],{"class":58},[44,48711,7318],{"class":117},[44,48713,72],{"class":58},[44,48715,48542],{"class":2546},[44,48717,244],{"class":58},[20,48719,247],{},[35,48721,48722],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48723,48724],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48725,48726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48727,3629],{"class":3502},[30,48729,11124],{"id":11123},[20,48731,48732],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[338,48734,48736],{"id":48735},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[35,48738,48740],{"className":37,"code":48739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48741,48742,48750,48754,48772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48743,48744,48746,48748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48745,1380],{"class":50},[44,48747,55],{"class":54},[44,48749,44863],{"class":206},[44,48751,48752],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48753,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,48755,48756,48758,48760,48762,48764,48766,48768,48770],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48757,136],{"class":135},[44,48759,121],{"class":58},[44,48761,48513],{"class":135},[44,48763,121],{"class":58},[44,48765,302],{"class":117},[44,48767,72],{"class":58},[44,48769,44914],{"class":2546},[44,48771,244],{"class":58},[44,48773,48774,48776,48778,48780,48782,48784,48786,48788],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,48775,136],{"class":135},[44,48777,121],{"class":58},[44,48779,48513],{"class":135},[44,48781,121],{"class":58},[44,48783,302],{"class":117},[44,48785,72],{"class":58},[44,48787,48542],{"class":2546},[44,48789,244],{"class":58},[20,48791,247],{},[35,48793,48794],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48795,48796,48800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48797,48798],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48799,3629],{"class":3502},[44,48801,48802],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48803,3690],{"class":3502},[338,48805,48807],{"id":48806},"check-text","Check text",[35,48809,48811],{"className":37,"code":48810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48812,48813,48825,48829,48847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48814,48815,48817,48819,48821,48823],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48816,34329],{"class":50},[44,48818,55],{"class":54},[44,48820,75],{"class":62},[44,48822,3495],{"class":66},[44,48824,3007],{"class":62},[44,48826,48827],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48828,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,48830,48831,48833,48835,48837,48839,48841,48843,48845],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48832,136],{"class":135},[44,48834,121],{"class":58},[44,48836,48513],{"class":135},[44,48838,121],{"class":58},[44,48840,34350],{"class":117},[44,48842,72],{"class":58},[44,48844,48542],{"class":2546},[44,48846,244],{"class":58},[44,48848,48849,48851,48853,48855,48857,48859,48861,48863],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,48850,136],{"class":135},[44,48852,121],{"class":58},[44,48854,48513],{"class":135},[44,48856,121],{"class":58},[44,48858,34350],{"class":117},[44,48860,72],{"class":58},[44,48862,44914],{"class":2546},[44,48864,244],{"class":58},[20,48866,247],{},[35,48868,48869],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48870,48871,48875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48872,48873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48874,3629],{"class":3502},[44,48876,48877],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48878,3690],{"class":3502},[20,48880,48881,48882,48884],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48883,44443],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48886,48887,48888,114],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[270,48889,48890],{"href":2607},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[30,48892,48894],{"id":48893},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48896,48897],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48899,48900],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[35,48902,48904],{"className":37,"code":48903,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48905,48906,48915,48919,48943],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48907,48908,48910,48912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48909,1380],{"class":50},[44,48911,55],{"class":54},[44,48913,48914],{"class":206}," 3.5\n",[44,48916,48917],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48918,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,48920,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933,48935,48937,48939,48941],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,48922,136],{"class":135},[44,48924,121],{"class":58},[44,48926,48513],{"class":135},[44,48928,121],{"class":58},[44,48930,302],{"class":117},[44,48932,72],{"class":58},[44,48934,59],{"class":58},[44,48936,1837],{"class":2546},[44,48938,72],{"class":58},[44,48940,39892],{"class":2546},[44,48942,2557],{"class":58},[44,48944,48945,48947,48949,48951,48953,48955,48957,48959,48961,48963,48965],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,48946,136],{"class":135},[44,48948,121],{"class":58},[44,48950,48513],{"class":135},[44,48952,121],{"class":58},[44,48954,302],{"class":117},[44,48956,72],{"class":58},[44,48958,59],{"class":58},[44,48960,3092],{"class":2546},[44,48962,72],{"class":58},[44,48964,22199],{"class":2546},[44,48966,2557],{"class":58},[20,48968,247],{},[35,48970,48971],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,48972,48973,48977],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48974,48975],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48976,3629],{"class":3502},[44,48978,48979],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,48980,3690],{"class":3502},[20,48982,48983,48984,48986],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48985,40473],{}," conditions.",[20,48988,7947],{},[35,48990,48992],{"className":37,"code":48991,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48993,48994,49002,49006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,48995,48996,48998,49000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,48997,1380],{"class":50},[44,48999,55],{"class":54},[44,49001,48914],{"class":206},[44,49003,49004],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49005,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49007,49008,49010,49012,49014,49016,49018,49020,49022,49024,49026,49029,49031,49033,49035,49037,49039],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49009,136],{"class":135},[44,49011,121],{"class":58},[44,49013,2868],{"class":2546},[44,49015,121],{"class":58},[44,49017,302],{"class":117},[44,49019,144],{"class":58},[44,49021,6056],{"class":54},[44,49023,44914],{"class":2546},[44,49025,47873],{"class":805},[44,49027,49028],{"class":2546}," type",[44,49030,121],{"class":58},[44,49032,302],{"class":117},[44,49034,144],{"class":58},[44,49036,6056],{"class":54},[44,49038,39892],{"class":2546},[44,49040,100],{"class":58},[20,49042,49043],{},"you can write this:",[35,49045,49047],{"className":37,"code":49046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49048,49049,49057,49061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49050,49051,49053,49055],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49052,1380],{"class":50},[44,49054,55],{"class":54},[44,49056,48914],{"class":206},[44,49058,49059],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49060,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49062,49063,49065,49067,49069,49071,49073,49075,49077,49079,49081,49083],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49064,136],{"class":135},[44,49066,121],{"class":58},[44,49068,48513],{"class":135},[44,49070,121],{"class":58},[44,49072,302],{"class":117},[44,49074,72],{"class":58},[44,49076,59],{"class":58},[44,49078,1837],{"class":2546},[44,49080,72],{"class":58},[44,49082,39892],{"class":2546},[44,49084,2557],{"class":58},[20,49086,49087],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[30,49089,49091,10236,49093],{"id":49090},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49092,44443],{},[15,49094,1949],{},[20,49096,10241,49097,898,49099,49103],{},[15,49098,44443],{},[270,49100,49101],{"href":1946},[15,49102,1949],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[338,49105,49107],{"id":49106},"typevalue-int",[15,49108,49109],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49111,49112],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[35,49114,49116],{"className":37,"code":49115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49117,49118,49126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49119,49120,49122,49124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49121,1380],{"class":50},[44,49123,55],{"class":54},[44,49125,2231],{"class":206},[44,49127,49128,49130,49132,49134,49136,49138,49140,49142,49144],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49129,136],{"class":135},[44,49131,121],{"class":58},[44,49133,2868],{"class":2546},[44,49135,121],{"class":58},[44,49137,302],{"class":117},[44,49139,144],{"class":58},[44,49141,6056],{"class":54},[44,49143,44914],{"class":2546},[44,49145,100],{"class":58},[338,49147,49149],{"id":49148},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49150,49151],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49153,49154],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[35,49156,49158],{"className":37,"code":49157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49159,49160,49168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49161,49162,49164,49166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49163,1380],{"class":50},[44,49165,55],{"class":54},[44,49167,2231],{"class":206},[44,49169,49170,49172,49174,49176,49178,49180,49182,49184],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49171,136],{"class":135},[44,49173,121],{"class":58},[44,49175,48513],{"class":135},[44,49177,121],{"class":58},[44,49179,302],{"class":117},[44,49181,72],{"class":58},[44,49183,44914],{"class":2546},[44,49185,244],{"class":58},[20,49187,49188,49189,49191],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49190,44443],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49193,49194],{},"In everyday code:",[169,49196,49197,49202],{},[172,49198,39627,49199,49201],{},[15,49200,1949],{}," when you need the exact type",[172,49203,39627,49204,49206],{},[15,49205,44443],{}," when you want a practical type check",[30,49208,49210],{"id":49209},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49212,49213,49214,114],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49215,44443],{},[338,49217,49219],{"id":49218},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[35,49221,49223],{"className":37,"code":49222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49224,49225,49243,49262,49274,49279,49297,49308,49312,49324,49328,49352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49226,49227,49229,49232,49234,49236,49238,49241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49228,34493],{"class":1716},[44,49230,49231],{"class":34496}," repeat_text",[44,49233,121],{"class":58},[44,49235,34350],{"class":37299},[44,49237,72],{"class":58},[44,49239,49240],{"class":37299}," count",[44,49242,7991],{"class":58},[44,49244,49245,49247,49249,49252,49254,49256,49258,49260],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49246,6046],{"class":805},[44,49248,7748],{"class":54},[44,49250,49251],{"class":135}," isinstance",[44,49253,121],{"class":58},[44,49255,34350],{"class":117},[44,49257,72],{"class":58},[44,49259,48542],{"class":2546},[44,49261,7991],{"class":58},[44,49263,49264,49267,49269,49272],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49265,49266],{"class":805},"        return",[44,49268,75],{"class":62},[44,49270,49271],{"class":66},"text must be a string",[44,49273,3007],{"class":62},[44,49275,49276],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,49277,49278],{"class":50},"    \n",[44,49280,49281,49283,49285,49287,49289,49291,49293,49295],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,49282,6046],{"class":805},[44,49284,7748],{"class":54},[44,49286,49251],{"class":135},[44,49288,121],{"class":58},[44,49290,1401],{"class":117},[44,49292,72],{"class":58},[44,49294,44914],{"class":2546},[44,49296,7991],{"class":58},[44,49298,49299,49301,49303,49306],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,49300,49266],{"class":805},[44,49302,75],{"class":62},[44,49304,49305],{"class":66},"count must be an integer",[44,49307,3007],{"class":62},[44,49309,49310],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,49311,49278],{"class":50},[44,49313,49314,49316,49319,49321],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,49315,34504],{"class":805},[44,49317,49318],{"class":50}," text ",[44,49320,39509],{"class":54},[44,49322,49323],{"class":50}," count\n",[44,49325,49326],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,49327,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49329,49330,49332,49334,49337,49339,49341,49344,49346,49348,49350],{"class":46,"line":6085},[44,49331,136],{"class":135},[44,49333,121],{"class":58},[44,49335,49336],{"class":117},"repeat_text",[44,49338,121],{"class":58},[44,49340,63],{"class":62},[44,49342,49343],{"class":66},"Hi ",[44,49345,63],{"class":62},[44,49347,72],{"class":58},[44,49349,524],{"class":206},[44,49351,244],{"class":58},[44,49353,49354,49356,49358,49360,49362,49364,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376],{"class":46,"line":11244},[44,49355,136],{"class":135},[44,49357,121],{"class":58},[44,49359,49336],{"class":117},[44,49361,121],{"class":58},[44,49363,63],{"class":62},[44,49365,49343],{"class":66},[44,49367,63],{"class":62},[44,49369,72],{"class":58},[44,49371,75],{"class":62},[44,49373,1141],{"class":66},[44,49375,63],{"class":62},[44,49377,244],{"class":58},[20,49379,247],{},[35,49381,49383],{"className":37,"code":49382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49384,49385,49390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49386,49387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49388,49389],{"class":50},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[44,49391,49392],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49393,49394],{"class":50},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49396,49397],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[338,49399,49401],{"id":49400},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[35,49403,49405],{"className":37,"code":49404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49406,49407,49439,49443,49459,49474,49491],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49408,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425,49427,49429,49431,49433,49435,49437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49410,1380],{"class":50},[44,49412,55],{"class":54},[44,49414,3273],{"class":58},[44,49416,63],{"class":62},[44,49418,270],{"class":66},[44,49420,63],{"class":62},[44,49422,72],{"class":58},[44,49424,75],{"class":62},[44,49426,399],{"class":66},[44,49428,63],{"class":62},[44,49430,72],{"class":58},[44,49432,75],{"class":62},[44,49434,408],{"class":66},[44,49436,63],{"class":62},[44,49438,3286],{"class":58},[44,49440,49441],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49442,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49444,49445,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49446,806],{"class":805},[44,49448,49251],{"class":135},[44,49450,121],{"class":58},[44,49452,302],{"class":117},[44,49454,72],{"class":58},[44,49456,48542],{"class":2546},[44,49458,7991],{"class":58},[44,49460,49461,49463,49465,49467,49470,49472],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,49462,825],{"class":135},[44,49464,121],{"class":58},[44,49466,63],{"class":62},[44,49468,49469],{"class":66},"This is text",[44,49471,63],{"class":62},[44,49473,100],{"class":58},[44,49475,49476,49479,49481,49483,49485,49487,49489],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,49477,49478],{"class":805},"elif",[44,49480,49251],{"class":135},[44,49482,121],{"class":58},[44,49484,302],{"class":117},[44,49486,72],{"class":58},[44,49488,22199],{"class":2546},[44,49490,7991],{"class":58},[44,49492,49493,49495,49497,49499,49502,49504],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,49494,825],{"class":135},[44,49496,121],{"class":58},[44,49498,63],{"class":62},[44,49500,49501],{"class":66},"This is a list",[44,49503,63],{"class":62},[44,49505,100],{"class":58},[20,49507,247],{},[35,49509,49511],{"className":37,"code":49510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a list\n",[15,49512,49513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49514,49515,49518,49520,49522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49516,49517],{"class":50},"This ",[44,49519,11844],{"class":54},[44,49521,44182],{"class":50},[44,49523,49524],{"class":2546},"list\n",[338,49526,49528],{"id":49527},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[35,49530,49532],{"className":37,"code":49531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49533,49534,49546,49550,49566,49580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49535,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49537,1380],{"class":50},[44,49539,55],{"class":54},[44,49541,75],{"class":62},[44,49543,46164],{"class":66},[44,49545,3007],{"class":62},[44,49547,49548],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49549,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49551,49552,49554,49556,49558,49560,49562,49564],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49553,806],{"class":805},[44,49555,49251],{"class":135},[44,49557,121],{"class":58},[44,49559,302],{"class":117},[44,49561,72],{"class":58},[44,49563,48542],{"class":2546},[44,49565,7991],{"class":58},[44,49567,49568,49570,49572,49574,49576,49578],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,49569,41526],{"class":50},[44,49571,55],{"class":54},[44,49573,44914],{"class":2546},[44,49575,121],{"class":58},[44,49577,302],{"class":117},[44,49579,100],{"class":58},[44,49581,49582,49584,49586,49588],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,49583,825],{"class":135},[44,49585,121],{"class":58},[44,49587,1887],{"class":117},[44,49589,100],{"class":58},[20,49591,247],{},[35,49593,49594],{"className":37,"code":46250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49595,49596],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49597,49598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49599,46250],{"class":206},[20,49601,49602],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[338,49604,49606],{"id":49605},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[35,49608,49610],{"className":37,"code":49609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49611,49612,49636,49640,49656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49613,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49615,1380],{"class":50},[44,49617,55],{"class":54},[44,49619,10141],{"class":58},[44,49621,63],{"class":62},[44,49623,7318],{"class":66},[44,49625,63],{"class":62},[44,49627,1155],{"class":58},[44,49629,75],{"class":62},[44,49631,12531],{"class":66},[44,49633,63],{"class":62},[44,49635,8959],{"class":58},[44,49637,49638],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49639,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49641,49642,49644,49646,49648,49650,49652,49654],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49643,806],{"class":805},[44,49645,49251],{"class":135},[44,49647,121],{"class":58},[44,49649,302],{"class":117},[44,49651,72],{"class":58},[44,49653,8821],{"class":2546},[44,49655,7991],{"class":58},[44,49657,49658,49660,49662,49664,49666,49668,49670,49672],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,49659,825],{"class":135},[44,49661,121],{"class":58},[44,49663,302],{"class":117},[44,49665,1271],{"class":58},[44,49667,63],{"class":62},[44,49669,7318],{"class":66},[44,49671,63],{"class":62},[44,49673,3538],{"class":58},[20,49675,247],{},[35,49677,49679],{"className":37,"code":49678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n",[15,49680,49681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49682,49683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49684,49678],{"class":50},[20,49686,49687,49688,49690],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49689,2650],{}," messages later.",[30,49692,4168],{"id":4167},[338,49694,49696,49697,10742,49700],{"id":49695},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49698,49699],{},"\"int\"",[15,49701,1837],{},[20,49703,16291],{},[35,49705,49707],{"className":37,"code":49706,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49708,49709,49717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49710,49711,49713,49715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49712,1380],{"class":50},[44,49714,55],{"class":54},[44,49716,2231],{"class":206},[44,49718,49719,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729,49731,49733,49735,49737],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49720,136],{"class":135},[44,49722,121],{"class":58},[44,49724,48513],{"class":135},[44,49726,121],{"class":58},[44,49728,302],{"class":117},[44,49730,72],{"class":58},[44,49732,75],{"class":62},[44,49734,1837],{"class":66},[44,49736,63],{"class":62},[44,49738,244],{"class":58},[20,49740,49741,49743],{},[15,49742,49699],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49745,16303],{},[35,49747,49748],{"className":37,"code":49157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49749,49750,49758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49751,49752,49754,49756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49753,1380],{"class":50},[44,49755,55],{"class":54},[44,49757,2231],{"class":206},[44,49759,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49761,136],{"class":135},[44,49763,121],{"class":58},[44,49765,48513],{"class":135},[44,49767,121],{"class":58},[44,49769,302],{"class":117},[44,49771,72],{"class":58},[44,49773,44914],{"class":2546},[44,49775,244],{"class":58},[338,49777,49779],{"id":49778},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49781,16291],{},[35,49783,49785],{"className":37,"code":49784,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49786,49787,49795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49788,49789,49791,49793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49790,1380],{"class":50},[44,49792,55],{"class":54},[44,49794,34484],{"class":206},[44,49796,49797,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49798,136],{"class":135},[44,49800,121],{"class":58},[44,49802,48513],{"class":135},[44,49804,121],{"class":58},[44,49806,302],{"class":117},[44,49808,72],{"class":58},[44,49810,3273],{"class":58},[44,49812,1837],{"class":2546},[44,49814,72],{"class":58},[44,49816,39892],{"class":2546},[44,49818,2644],{"class":58},[20,49820,49821],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49823,16303],{},[35,49825,49827],{"className":37,"code":49826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49828,49829,49837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49830,49831,49833,49835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49832,1380],{"class":50},[44,49834,55],{"class":54},[44,49836,34484],{"class":206},[44,49838,49839,49841,49843,49845,49847,49849,49851,49853,49855,49857,49859],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49840,136],{"class":135},[44,49842,121],{"class":58},[44,49844,48513],{"class":135},[44,49846,121],{"class":58},[44,49848,302],{"class":117},[44,49850,72],{"class":58},[44,49852,59],{"class":58},[44,49854,1837],{"class":2546},[44,49856,72],{"class":58},[44,49858,39892],{"class":2546},[44,49860,2557],{"class":58},[338,49862,25414,49864,49866],{"id":49863},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49865,44443],{}," converts a value",[20,49868,18556],{},[35,49870,49872],{"className":37,"code":49871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49873,49874,49887,49905,49909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49875,49876,49878,49880,49882,49885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49877,1380],{"class":50},[44,49879,55],{"class":54},[44,49881,75],{"class":62},[44,49883,49884],{"class":66},"123",[44,49886,3007],{"class":62},[44,49888,49889,49891,49893,49895,49897,49899,49901,49903],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49890,604],{"class":50},[44,49892,55],{"class":54},[44,49894,49251],{"class":135},[44,49896,121],{"class":58},[44,49898,302],{"class":117},[44,49900,72],{"class":58},[44,49902,44914],{"class":2546},[44,49904,100],{"class":58},[44,49906,49907],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49908,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49910,49911,49913,49915,49917],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,49912,136],{"class":135},[44,49914,121],{"class":58},[44,49916,632],{"class":117},[44,49918,100],{"class":58},[20,49920,247],{},[35,49922,49923],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,49924,49925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49926,49927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49928,3690],{"class":3502},[20,49930,49931,49932,49935,49936,49938],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49933,49934],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49937,49884],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49940,49941,49942,6280],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49943,49944],{},"int(value)",[338,49946,49948],{"id":49947},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49950,49951,49953],{},[15,49952,44443],{}," does not modify anything.",[35,49955,49957],{"className":37,"code":49956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49958,49959,49971,49975,49993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,49960,49961,49963,49965,49967,49969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,49962,1380],{"class":50},[44,49964,55],{"class":54},[44,49966,75],{"class":62},[44,49968,13206],{"class":66},[44,49970,3007],{"class":62},[44,49972,49973],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,49974,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,49976,49977,49979,49981,49983,49985,49987,49989,49991],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,49978,136],{"class":135},[44,49980,121],{"class":58},[44,49982,48513],{"class":135},[44,49984,121],{"class":58},[44,49986,302],{"class":117},[44,49988,72],{"class":58},[44,49990,48542],{"class":2546},[44,49992,244],{"class":58},[44,49994,49995,49997,49999,50001],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,49996,136],{"class":135},[44,49998,121],{"class":58},[44,50000,302],{"class":117},[44,50002,100],{"class":58},[20,50004,247],{},[35,50006,50008],{"className":37,"code":50007,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n100\n",[15,50009,50010,50014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50011,50012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50013,3629],{"class":3502},[44,50015,50016],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50017,46900],{"class":206},[20,50019,50020],{},"The value stays the same.",[30,50022,25582],{"id":25581},[20,50024,50025],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[35,50027,50029],{"className":37,"code":50028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50030,50031,50045,50063,50087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50032,50033,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50034,136],{"class":135},[44,50036,121],{"class":58},[44,50038,2868],{"class":2546},[44,50040,121],{"class":58},[44,50042,302],{"class":117},[44,50044,244],{"class":58},[44,50046,50047,50049,50051,50053,50055,50057,50059,50061],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50048,136],{"class":135},[44,50050,121],{"class":58},[44,50052,48513],{"class":135},[44,50054,121],{"class":58},[44,50056,302],{"class":117},[44,50058,72],{"class":58},[44,50060,44914],{"class":2546},[44,50062,244],{"class":58},[44,50064,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079,50081,50083,50085],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50066,136],{"class":135},[44,50068,121],{"class":58},[44,50070,48513],{"class":135},[44,50072,121],{"class":58},[44,50074,302],{"class":117},[44,50076,72],{"class":58},[44,50078,59],{"class":58},[44,50080,1837],{"class":2546},[44,50082,72],{"class":58},[44,50084,39892],{"class":2546},[44,50086,2557],{"class":58},[44,50088,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,50090,136],{"class":135},[44,50092,121],{"class":58},[44,50094,41415],{"class":135},[44,50096,121],{"class":58},[44,50098,302],{"class":117},[44,50100,244],{"class":58},[20,50102,50103],{},"These can help when:",[169,50105,50106,50109,50114,50117],{},[172,50107,50108],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[172,50110,50111,50112],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50113,2650],{},[172,50115,50116],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[172,50118,50119,50120,50122],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50121,44443],{}," is invalid",[20,50124,50125],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[169,50127,50128,50142,50148,50153],{},[172,50129,50130,50131,2522,50134,50137,50138,2522,50140],{},"using ",[15,50132,50133],{},"'int'",[15,50135,50136],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50139,1837],{},[15,50141,3092],{},[172,50143,50144,50145,50147],{},"expecting ",[15,50146,44443],{}," to convert a value",[172,50149,50130,50150,50152],{},[15,50151,1949],{}," when inherited types should also match",[172,50154,50155],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50157,50158,50159,114],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[270,50160,50162,50163],{"href":50161},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50164,50165],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[30,50167,1497],{"id":1496},[338,50169,1501,50171,4793],{"id":50170},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50172,44443],{},[20,50174,4796,50175,50177,50178,114],{},[15,50176,3254],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50179,3324],{},[338,50181,4818,50183,50185],{"id":50182},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50184,44443],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50187,50188,50189,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50190,50191],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[338,50193,4828,50195,898,50197,1547],{"id":50194},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50196,44443],{},[15,50198,1949],{},[20,50200,50201,50203,50204,50206],{},[15,50202,1949],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50205,44443],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[338,50208,12355,50210,50212],{"id":50209},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50211,44443],{}," convert a value?",[20,50214,50215],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[30,50217,1554],{"id":1553},[169,50219,50220,50226,50230,50235,50240],{},[172,50221,50222],{},[270,50223,3225,50224,3158],{"href":1946},[15,50225,1949],{},[172,50227,50228],{},[270,50229,44435],{"href":48616},[172,50231,50232],{},[270,50233,50234],{"href":2607},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[172,50236,50237],{},[270,50238,50239],{"href":48619},"What is a data type in Python?",[172,50241,50242],{},[270,50243,50162,50244],{"href":50161},[15,50245,50165],{},[1583,50247,50248],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":50250},[50251,50252,50254,50257,50261,50262,50267,50273,50281,50282,50292],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":48555,"depth":103,"text":50253},"What isinstance() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":50255},[50256],{"id":48647,"depth":132,"text":48648},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124,"children":50258},[50259,50260],{"id":48735,"depth":132,"text":48736},{"id":48806,"depth":132,"text":48807},{"id":48893,"depth":103,"text":48894},{"id":49090,"depth":103,"text":50263,"children":50264},"isinstance() vs type()",[50265,50266],{"id":49106,"depth":132,"text":49109},{"id":49148,"depth":132,"text":49151},{"id":49209,"depth":103,"text":49210,"children":50268},[50269,50270,50271,50272],{"id":49218,"depth":132,"text":49219},{"id":49400,"depth":132,"text":49401},{"id":49527,"depth":132,"text":49528},{"id":49605,"depth":132,"text":49606},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":50274},[50275,50277,50278,50280],{"id":49695,"depth":132,"text":50276},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49778,"depth":132,"text":49779},{"id":49863,"depth":132,"text":50279},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49947,"depth":132,"text":49948},{"id":25581,"depth":103,"text":25582},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":50283},[50284,50286,50288,50290],{"id":50170,"depth":132,"text":50285},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50182,"depth":132,"text":50287},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50194,"depth":132,"text":50289},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50209,"depth":132,"text":50291},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48456,"description":50293},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50299,"title":50300,"body":50301,"description":52271,"extension":1616,"meta":52272,"navigation":434,"path":52273,"seo":52274,"stem":52275,"__hash__":52276},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50302,"toc":52246},[50303,50306,50311,50316,50330,50333,50335,50410,50415,50419,50424,50427,50441,50443,50606,50619,50621,50623,50638,50641,50644,50657,50659,50757,50761,50767,50770,50779,50781,50816,50821,50842,50847,50852,50884,50887,50944,50948,50954,50957,51010,51012,51052,51055,51123,51126,51177,51184,51188,51194,51279,51285,51291,51340,51343,51346,51396,51398,51403,51407,51457,51461,51508,51512,51589,51593,51658,51661,51665,51670,51675,51687,51689,51708,51714,51717,51736,51741,51768,51775,51779,51785,51788,51883,51886,51889,51938,51943,51945,51949,51984,51987,52044,52054,52057,52091,52094,52096,52100,52103,52107,52110,52114,52117,52121,52134,52138,52143,52145,52195,52207,52209,52243],[10,50304,50300],{"id":50305},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50307,8773,50308,50310],{},[15,50309,41997],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50312,35048,50313,50315],{},[15,50314,41997],{}," to count:",[169,50317,50318,50321,50324,50327],{},[172,50319,50320],{},"characters in a string",[172,50322,50323],{},"items in a list or tuple",[172,50325,50326],{},"keys in a dictionary",[172,50328,50329],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50331,50332],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[30,50334,33],{"id":32},[35,50336,50338],{"className":37,"code":50337,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50339,50340,50352,50372,50376,50393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50341,50342,50344,50346,50348,50350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50343,34329],{"class":50},[44,50345,55],{"class":54},[44,50347,75],{"class":62},[44,50349,3495],{"class":66},[44,50351,3007],{"class":62},[44,50353,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366,50368,50370],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50355,7429],{"class":50},[44,50357,55],{"class":54},[44,50359,3273],{"class":58},[44,50361,207],{"class":206},[44,50363,72],{"class":58},[44,50365,212],{"class":206},[44,50367,72],{"class":58},[44,50369,217],{"class":206},[44,50371,3286],{"class":58},[44,50373,50374],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50375,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,50377,50378,50380,50382,50384,50386,50388,50390],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,50379,136],{"class":135},[44,50381,121],{"class":58},[44,50383,1365],{"class":135},[44,50385,121],{"class":58},[44,50387,34350],{"class":117},[44,50389,459],{"class":58},[44,50391,50392],{"class":147},"   # 5\n",[44,50394,50395,50397,50399,50401,50403,50405,50407],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,50396,136],{"class":135},[44,50398,121],{"class":58},[44,50400,1365],{"class":135},[44,50402,121],{"class":58},[44,50404,7458],{"class":117},[44,50406,459],{"class":58},[44,50408,50409],{"class":147},"  # 3\n",[20,50411,651,50412,50414],{},[15,50413,41997],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[30,50416,50418],{"id":50417},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50420,50421,50423],{},[15,50422,41997],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50425,50426],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[169,50428,50429,50432,50435,50438],{},[172,50430,50431],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[172,50433,50434],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[172,50436,50437],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[172,50439,50440],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50442,189],{},[35,50444,50446],{"className":37,"code":50445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50447,50448,50460,50485,50517,50537,50541,50557,50573,50589],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50449,50450,50452,50454,50456,50458],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50451,7525],{"class":50},[44,50453,55],{"class":54},[44,50455,75],{"class":62},[44,50457,7327],{"class":66},[44,50459,3007],{"class":62},[44,50461,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476,50478,50480,50483],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50463,199],{"class":50},[44,50465,55],{"class":54},[44,50467,3273],{"class":58},[44,50469,207],{"class":206},[44,50471,72],{"class":58},[44,50473,212],{"class":206},[44,50475,72],{"class":58},[44,50477,217],{"class":206},[44,50479,72],{"class":58},[44,50481,50482],{"class":206}," 40",[44,50484,3286],{"class":58},[44,50486,50487,50489,50491,50493,50495,50497,50499,50501,50503,50505,50507,50509,50511,50513,50515],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50488,8816],{"class":50},[44,50490,55],{"class":54},[44,50492,10141],{"class":58},[44,50494,63],{"class":62},[44,50496,270],{"class":66},[44,50498,63],{"class":62},[44,50500,1155],{"class":58},[44,50502,519],{"class":206},[44,50504,72],{"class":58},[44,50506,75],{"class":62},[44,50508,399],{"class":66},[44,50510,63],{"class":62},[44,50512,1155],{"class":58},[44,50514,488],{"class":206},[44,50516,8959],{"class":58},[44,50518,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,50520,922],{"class":50},[44,50522,55],{"class":54},[44,50524,10141],{"class":58},[44,50526,929],{"class":206},[44,50528,72],{"class":58},[44,50530,37280],{"class":206},[44,50532,72],{"class":58},[44,50534,5642],{"class":206},[44,50536,8959],{"class":58},[44,50538,50539],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,50540,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,50542,50543,50545,50547,50549,50551,50553,50555],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,50544,136],{"class":135},[44,50546,121],{"class":58},[44,50548,1365],{"class":135},[44,50550,121],{"class":58},[44,50552,7318],{"class":117},[44,50554,459],{"class":58},[44,50556,493],{"class":147},[44,50558,50559,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,50560,136],{"class":135},[44,50562,121],{"class":58},[44,50564,1365],{"class":135},[44,50566,121],{"class":58},[44,50568,232],{"class":117},[44,50570,459],{"class":58},[44,50572,1029],{"class":147},[44,50574,50575,50577,50579,50581,50583,50585,50587],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,50576,136],{"class":135},[44,50578,121],{"class":58},[44,50580,1365],{"class":135},[44,50582,121],{"class":58},[44,50584,8855],{"class":117},[44,50586,459],{"class":58},[44,50588,1000],{"class":147},[44,50590,50591,50593,50595,50597,50599,50601,50603],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,50592,136],{"class":135},[44,50594,121],{"class":58},[44,50596,1365],{"class":135},[44,50598,121],{"class":58},[44,50600,962],{"class":117},[44,50602,459],{"class":58},[44,50604,50605],{"class":147},"   # 3\n",[20,50607,50608,50609,1134,50613,1138,50617,114],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[270,50610,50612],{"href":50611},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[270,50614,50616],{"href":50615},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[270,50618,8806],{"href":8805},[30,50620,277],{"id":276},[20,50622,1809],{},[35,50624,50626],{"className":37,"code":50625,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(object)\n",[15,50627,50628],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50629,50630,50632,50634,50636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50631,1365],{"class":135},[44,50633,121],{"class":58},[44,50635,42035],{"class":2546},[44,50637,100],{"class":58},[20,50639,50640],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50642,50643],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[169,50645,50646,50648,50650,50652,50654],{},[172,50647,37544],{},[172,50649,37538],{},[172,50651,37541],{},[172,50653,37547],{},[172,50655,50656],{},"a dictionary",[20,50658,189],{},[35,50660,50662],{"className":37,"code":50661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50663,50664,50685,50709,50731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50665,50666,50668,50670,50672,50674,50676,50678,50680,50682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50667,136],{"class":135},[44,50669,121],{"class":58},[44,50671,1365],{"class":135},[44,50673,121],{"class":58},[44,50675,63],{"class":62},[44,50677,39],{"class":66},[44,50679,63],{"class":62},[44,50681,459],{"class":58},[44,50683,50684],{"class":147},"      # 6\n",[44,50686,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50688,136],{"class":135},[44,50690,121],{"class":58},[44,50692,1365],{"class":135},[44,50694,2631],{"class":58},[44,50696,1133],{"class":206},[44,50698,72],{"class":58},[44,50700,488],{"class":206},[44,50702,72],{"class":58},[44,50704,524],{"class":206},[44,50706,4384],{"class":58},[44,50708,493],{"class":147},[44,50710,50711,50713,50715,50717,50719,50721,50723,50725,50728],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50712,136],{"class":135},[44,50714,121],{"class":58},[44,50716,1365],{"class":135},[44,50718,5158],{"class":58},[44,50720,207],{"class":206},[44,50722,72],{"class":58},[44,50724,212],{"class":206},[44,50726,50727],{"class":58},")))",[44,50729,50730],{"class":147},"      # 2\n",[44,50732,50733,50735,50737,50739,50741,50743,50745,50747,50749,50751,50754],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,50734,136],{"class":135},[44,50736,121],{"class":58},[44,50738,1365],{"class":135},[44,50740,5177],{"class":58},[44,50742,63],{"class":62},[44,50744,1823],{"class":66},[44,50746,63],{"class":62},[44,50748,1155],{"class":58},[44,50750,519],{"class":206},[44,50752,50753],{"class":58},"}))",[44,50755,50756],{"class":147},"      # 1\n",[30,50758,50760],{"id":50759},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50762,50763,50764,50766],{},"When you use ",[15,50765,41997],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50768,50769],{},"That includes:",[169,50771,50772,50774,50776],{},[172,50773,444],{},[172,50775,10102],{},[172,50777,50778],{},"punctuation",[20,50780,189],{},[35,50782,50784],{"className":37,"code":50783,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50785,50786,50799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50787,50788,50790,50792,50794,50797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50789,34329],{"class":50},[44,50791,55],{"class":54},[44,50793,75],{"class":62},[44,50795,50796],{"class":66},"Hi there!",[44,50798,3007],{"class":62},[44,50800,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50802,136],{"class":135},[44,50804,121],{"class":58},[44,50806,1365],{"class":135},[44,50808,121],{"class":58},[44,50810,34350],{"class":117},[44,50812,459],{"class":58},[44,50814,50815],{"class":147},"  # 9\n",[20,50817,50818,50819,1547],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50820,1794],{},[169,50822,50823,50829,50833,50836],{},[172,50824,50825,50828],{},[15,50826,50827],{},"H"," = 1",[172,50830,50831,50828],{},[15,50832,35793],{},[172,50834,50835],{},"space = 1",[172,50837,50838,50841],{},[15,50839,50840],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50843,50844,50845],{},"Total: ",[15,50846,1794],{},[20,50848,50849,50850,1155],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50851,186],{},[35,50853,50855],{"className":37,"code":50854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50856,50857,50866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50858,50859,50862,50864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50860,50861],{"class":50},"empty_text ",[44,50863,55],{"class":54},[44,50865,7530],{"class":62},[44,50867,50868,50870,50872,50874,50876,50879,50881],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50869,136],{"class":135},[44,50871,121],{"class":58},[44,50873,1365],{"class":135},[44,50875,121],{"class":58},[44,50877,50878],{"class":117},"empty_text",[44,50880,459],{"class":58},[44,50882,50883],{"class":147},"  # 0\n",[20,50885,50886],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[35,50888,50890],{"className":37,"code":50889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50891,50892,50905,50909,50929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50893,50894,50897,50899,50901,50903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50895,50896],{"class":50},"user_name ",[44,50898,55],{"class":54},[44,50900,75],{"class":62},[44,50902,4652],{"class":66},[44,50904,3007],{"class":62},[44,50906,50907],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50908,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,50910,50911,50913,50915,50917,50920,50922,50925,50927],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,50912,806],{"class":805},[44,50914,38023],{"class":135},[44,50916,121],{"class":58},[44,50918,50919],{"class":117},"user_name",[44,50921,144],{"class":58},[44,50923,50924],{"class":54}," >=",[44,50926,524],{"class":206},[44,50928,820],{"class":58},[44,50930,50931,50933,50935,50937,50940,50942],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,50932,825],{"class":135},[44,50934,121],{"class":58},[44,50936,63],{"class":62},[44,50938,50939],{"class":66},"Name is long enough",[44,50941,63],{"class":62},[44,50943,100],{"class":58},[30,50945,50947],{"id":50946},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50949,50950,50951,50953],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50952,41997],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50955,50956],{},"Example with a list:",[35,50958,50960],{"className":37,"code":50959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50961,50962,50994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,50963,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,50965,51],{"class":50},[44,50967,55],{"class":54},[44,50969,3273],{"class":58},[44,50971,63],{"class":62},[44,50973,67],{"class":66},[44,50975,63],{"class":62},[44,50977,72],{"class":58},[44,50979,75],{"class":62},[44,50981,87],{"class":66},[44,50983,63],{"class":62},[44,50985,72],{"class":58},[44,50987,75],{"class":62},[44,50989,78],{"class":66},[44,50991,63],{"class":62},[44,50993,3286],{"class":58},[44,50995,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51006,51008],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,50997,136],{"class":135},[44,50999,121],{"class":58},[44,51001,1365],{"class":135},[44,51003,121],{"class":58},[44,51005,734],{"class":117},[44,51007,459],{"class":58},[44,51009,50409],{"class":147},[20,51011,37553],{},[35,51013,51015],{"className":37,"code":51014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51016,51017,51034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51018,51019,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51020,51021],{"class":50},"point ",[44,51023,55],{"class":54},[44,51025,59],{"class":58},[44,51027,207],{"class":206},[44,51029,72],{"class":58},[44,51031,212],{"class":206},[44,51033,100],{"class":58},[44,51035,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51047,51049],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51037,136],{"class":135},[44,51039,121],{"class":58},[44,51041,1365],{"class":135},[44,51043,121],{"class":58},[44,51045,51046],{"class":117},"point",[44,51048,459],{"class":58},[44,51050,51051],{"class":147},"  # 2\n",[20,51053,51054],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[35,51056,51058],{"className":37,"code":51057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51059,51060,51084,51088,51106],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51061,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51063,7429],{"class":50},[44,51065,55],{"class":54},[44,51067,3273],{"class":58},[44,51069,63],{"class":62},[44,51071,1209],{"class":66},[44,51073,63],{"class":62},[44,51075,72],{"class":58},[44,51077,75],{"class":62},[44,51079,1218],{"class":66},[44,51081,63],{"class":62},[44,51083,3286],{"class":58},[44,51085,51086],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51087,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,51089,51090,51092,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102,51104],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51091,806],{"class":805},[44,51093,38023],{"class":135},[44,51095,121],{"class":58},[44,51097,7458],{"class":117},[44,51099,144],{"class":58},[44,51101,38033],{"class":54},[44,51103,519],{"class":206},[44,51105,820],{"class":58},[44,51107,51108,51110,51112,51114,51116,51118,51120],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,51109,825],{"class":135},[44,51111,121],{"class":58},[44,51113,7458],{"class":117},[44,51115,1271],{"class":58},[44,51117,1133],{"class":206},[44,51119,1276],{"class":58},[44,51121,51122],{"class":147},"  # banana\n",[20,51124,51125],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[35,51127,51129],{"className":37,"code":51128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51130,51131,51154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51132,51133,51135,51137,51139,51142,51144,51147,51149,51152],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51134,4712],{"class":50},[44,51136,55],{"class":54},[44,51138,3273],{"class":58},[44,51140,51141],{"class":206},"88",[44,51143,72],{"class":58},[44,51145,51146],{"class":206}," 91",[44,51148,72],{"class":58},[44,51150,51151],{"class":206}," 75",[44,51153,3286],{"class":58},[44,51155,51156,51158,51160,51162,51165,51167,51169,51171,51173,51175],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51157,136],{"class":135},[44,51159,121],{"class":58},[44,51161,63],{"class":62},[44,51163,51164],{"class":66},"Number of scores:",[44,51166,63],{"class":62},[44,51168,72],{"class":58},[44,51170,38023],{"class":135},[44,51172,121],{"class":58},[44,51174,16036],{"class":117},[44,51176,244],{"class":58},[20,51178,51179,51180,114],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[270,51181,51183],{"href":51182},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[30,51185,51187],{"id":51186},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51189,51190,51191,51193],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51192,41997],{}," counts keys.",[35,51195,51197],{"className":37,"code":51196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51198,51199,51207,51225,51239,51255,51259,51263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51200,51201,51203,51205],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51202,12514],{"class":50},[44,51204,55],{"class":54},[44,51206,11142],{"class":58},[44,51208,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219,51221,51223],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51210,11147],{"class":62},[44,51212,7318],{"class":66},[44,51214,63],{"class":62},[44,51216,1155],{"class":58},[44,51218,75],{"class":62},[44,51220,7570],{"class":66},[44,51222,63],{"class":62},[44,51224,11163],{"class":58},[44,51226,51227,51229,51231,51233,51235,51237],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51228,11147],{"class":62},[44,51230,8949],{"class":66},[44,51232,63],{"class":62},[44,51234,1155],{"class":58},[44,51236,30583],{"class":206},[44,51238,11163],{"class":58},[44,51240,51241,51243,51245,51247,51249,51251,51253],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,51242,11147],{"class":62},[44,51244,19534],{"class":66},[44,51246,63],{"class":62},[44,51248,1155],{"class":58},[44,51250,75],{"class":62},[44,51252,21885],{"class":66},[44,51254,3007],{"class":62},[44,51256,51257],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,51258,8959],{"class":58},[44,51260,51261],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,51262,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,51264,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,51266,136],{"class":135},[44,51268,121],{"class":58},[44,51270,1365],{"class":135},[44,51272,121],{"class":58},[44,51274,13274],{"class":117},[44,51276,459],{"class":58},[44,51278,50409],{"class":147},[20,51280,51281,51282,51284],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51283,41997],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51286,51287,51288,51290],{},"For sets, ",[15,51289,41997],{}," counts unique items:",[35,51292,51294],{"className":37,"code":51293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51295,51296,51324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51297,51298,51300,51302,51304,51306,51308,51310,51312,51314,51316,51318,51320,51322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51299,199],{"class":50},[44,51301,55],{"class":54},[44,51303,10141],{"class":58},[44,51305,1133],{"class":206},[44,51307,72],{"class":58},[44,51309,488],{"class":206},[44,51311,72],{"class":58},[44,51313,524],{"class":206},[44,51315,72],{"class":58},[44,51317,524],{"class":206},[44,51319,72],{"class":58},[44,51321,488],{"class":206},[44,51323,8959],{"class":58},[44,51325,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51327,136],{"class":135},[44,51329,121],{"class":58},[44,51331,1365],{"class":135},[44,51333,121],{"class":58},[44,51335,232],{"class":117},[44,51337,459],{"class":58},[44,51339,50409],{"class":147},[20,51341,51342],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51344,51345],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[35,51347,51349],{"className":37,"code":51348,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51350,51351,51359,51363,51381],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51352,51353,51355,51357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51354,8816],{"class":50},[44,51356,55],{"class":54},[44,51358,9488],{"class":58},[44,51360,51361],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51362,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,51364,51365,51367,51369,51371,51373,51375,51377,51379],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51366,806],{"class":805},[44,51368,38023],{"class":135},[44,51370,121],{"class":58},[44,51372,8855],{"class":117},[44,51374,144],{"class":58},[44,51376,6056],{"class":54},[44,51378,3483],{"class":206},[44,51380,820],{"class":58},[44,51382,51383,51385,51387,51389,51392,51394],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,51384,825],{"class":135},[44,51386,121],{"class":58},[44,51388,63],{"class":62},[44,51390,51391],{"class":66},"The dictionary is empty",[44,51393,63],{"class":62},[44,51395,100],{"class":58},[30,51397,40682],{"id":40681},[20,51399,51400,51401,114],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51402,41997],{},[338,51404,51406],{"id":51405},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[35,51408,51410],{"className":37,"code":51409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51411,51412,51420,51424,51442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51413,51414,51416,51418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51415,7429],{"class":50},[44,51417,55],{"class":54},[44,51419,7487],{"class":58},[44,51421,51422],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51423,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,51425,51426,51428,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51427,806],{"class":805},[44,51429,38023],{"class":135},[44,51431,121],{"class":58},[44,51433,7458],{"class":117},[44,51435,144],{"class":58},[44,51437,6056],{"class":54},[44,51439,3483],{"class":206},[44,51441,820],{"class":58},[44,51443,51444,51446,51448,51450,51453,51455],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,51445,825],{"class":135},[44,51447,121],{"class":58},[44,51449,63],{"class":62},[44,51451,51452],{"class":66},"The list is empty",[44,51454,63],{"class":62},[44,51456,100],{"class":58},[338,51458,51460],{"id":51459},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[35,51462,51464],{"className":37,"code":51463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51465,51466,51485],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51467,51468,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51481,51483],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51469,5802],{"class":50},[44,51471,55],{"class":54},[44,51473,7891],{"class":135},[44,51475,121],{"class":58},[44,51477,63],{"class":62},[44,51479,51480],{"class":66},"Enter a word: ",[44,51482,63],{"class":62},[44,51484,100],{"class":58},[44,51486,51487,51489,51491,51493,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51488,136],{"class":135},[44,51490,121],{"class":58},[44,51492,63],{"class":62},[44,51494,51495],{"class":66},"Number of characters:",[44,51497,63],{"class":62},[44,51499,72],{"class":58},[44,51501,38023],{"class":135},[44,51503,121],{"class":58},[44,51505,38028],{"class":117},[44,51507,244],{"class":58},[338,51509,51511],{"id":51510},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[35,51513,51515],{"className":37,"code":51514,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51516,51517,51531,51535,51553,51568,51574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51518,51519,51522,51524,51526,51529],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51520,51521],{"class":50},"password ",[44,51523,55],{"class":54},[44,51525,75],{"class":62},[44,51527,51528],{"class":66},"secret123",[44,51530,3007],{"class":62},[44,51532,51533],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51534,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,51536,51537,51539,51541,51543,51545,51547,51549,51551],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51538,806],{"class":805},[44,51540,38023],{"class":135},[44,51542,121],{"class":58},[44,51544,17264],{"class":117},[44,51546,144],{"class":58},[44,51548,50924],{"class":54},[44,51550,6008],{"class":206},[44,51552,820],{"class":58},[44,51554,51555,51557,51559,51561,51564,51566],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,51556,825],{"class":135},[44,51558,121],{"class":58},[44,51560,63],{"class":62},[44,51562,51563],{"class":66},"Password length is valid",[44,51565,63],{"class":62},[44,51567,100],{"class":58},[44,51569,51570,51572],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,51571,848],{"class":805},[44,51573,820],{"class":58},[44,51575,51576,51578,51580,51582,51585,51587],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,51577,825],{"class":135},[44,51579,121],{"class":58},[44,51581,63],{"class":62},[44,51583,51584],{"class":66},"Password is too short",[44,51586,63],{"class":62},[44,51588,100],{"class":58},[338,51590,51592],{"id":51591},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[35,51594,51596],{"className":37,"code":51595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51597,51598,51634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51599,51600,51603,51605,51607,51609,51612,51614,51616,51618,51621,51623,51625,51627,51630,51632],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51601,51602],{"class":50},"results ",[44,51604,55],{"class":54},[44,51606,3273],{"class":58},[44,51608,63],{"class":62},[44,51610,51611],{"class":66},"item1",[44,51613,63],{"class":62},[44,51615,72],{"class":58},[44,51617,75],{"class":62},[44,51619,51620],{"class":66},"item2",[44,51622,63],{"class":62},[44,51624,72],{"class":58},[44,51626,75],{"class":62},[44,51628,51629],{"class":66},"item3",[44,51631,63],{"class":62},[44,51633,3286],{"class":58},[44,51635,51636,51638,51640,51642,51645,51647,51649,51651,51653,51656],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51637,136],{"class":135},[44,51639,121],{"class":58},[44,51641,63],{"class":62},[44,51643,51644],{"class":66},"Items found:",[44,51646,63],{"class":62},[44,51648,72],{"class":58},[44,51650,38023],{"class":135},[44,51652,121],{"class":58},[44,51654,51655],{"class":117},"results",[44,51657,244],{"class":58},[20,51659,51660],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[30,51662,51664],{"id":51663},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51666,51667,51669],{},[15,51668,41997],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51671,51672,51673,1155],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51674,2650],{},[169,51676,51677,51680,51683],{},[172,51678,51679],{},"plain integers",[172,51681,51682],{},"floats",[172,51684,51685],{},[15,51686,3428],{},[20,51688,189],{},[35,51690,51692],{"className":37,"code":51691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51693,51694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51695,51696,51698,51700,51702,51704,51706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51697,136],{"class":135},[44,51699,121],{"class":58},[44,51701,1365],{"class":135},[44,51703,121],{"class":58},[44,51705,929],{"class":206},[44,51707,244],{"class":58},[20,51709,51710,51711,51713],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51712,929],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51715,51716],{},"Another example:",[35,51718,51720],{"className":37,"code":51719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51721,51722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51723,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732,51734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51725,136],{"class":135},[44,51727,121],{"class":58},[44,51729,1365],{"class":135},[44,51731,121],{"class":58},[44,51733,39780],{"class":206},[44,51735,244],{"class":58},[20,51737,51738,51739,1155],{},"And with ",[15,51740,3428],{},[35,51742,51744],{"className":37,"code":51743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51745,51746,51754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51747,51748,51750,51752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51749,1380],{"class":50},[44,51751,55],{"class":54},[44,51753,48165],{"class":3502},[44,51755,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51757,136],{"class":135},[44,51759,121],{"class":58},[44,51761,1365],{"class":135},[44,51763,121],{"class":58},[44,51765,302],{"class":117},[44,51767,244],{"class":58},[20,51769,51770,51771,114],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[270,51772,51774],{"href":51773},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[30,51776,51778],{"id":51777},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51780,51781,51782,51784],{},"Before using ",[15,51783,41997],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51786,51787],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[35,51789,51791],{"className":37,"code":51790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51792,51793,51801,51805,51815,51829,51847,51865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51794,51795,51797,51799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51796,1380],{"class":50},[44,51798,55],{"class":54},[44,51800,48165],{"class":3502},[44,51802,51803],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51804,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,51806,51807,51809,51811,51813],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51808,136],{"class":135},[44,51810,121],{"class":58},[44,51812,302],{"class":117},[44,51814,100],{"class":58},[44,51816,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,51818,136],{"class":135},[44,51820,121],{"class":58},[44,51822,2868],{"class":2546},[44,51824,121],{"class":58},[44,51826,302],{"class":117},[44,51828,244],{"class":58},[44,51830,51831,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,51832,136],{"class":135},[44,51834,121],{"class":58},[44,51836,48513],{"class":135},[44,51838,121],{"class":58},[44,51840,302],{"class":117},[44,51842,72],{"class":58},[44,51844,48542],{"class":2546},[44,51846,244],{"class":58},[44,51848,51849,51851,51853,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,51850,136],{"class":135},[44,51852,121],{"class":58},[44,51854,48513],{"class":135},[44,51856,121],{"class":58},[44,51858,302],{"class":117},[44,51860,72],{"class":58},[44,51862,22199],{"class":2546},[44,51864,244],{"class":58},[44,51866,51867,51869,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,51868,136],{"class":135},[44,51870,121],{"class":58},[44,51872,48513],{"class":135},[44,51874,121],{"class":58},[44,51876,302],{"class":117},[44,51878,72],{"class":58},[44,51880,8821],{"class":2546},[44,51882,244],{"class":58},[20,51884,51885],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51887,51888],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[35,51890,51892],{"className":37,"code":51891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51893,51894,51906,51910,51924],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51895,51896,51898,51900,51902,51904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51897,1380],{"class":50},[44,51899,55],{"class":54},[44,51901,75],{"class":62},[44,51903,3495],{"class":66},[44,51905,3007],{"class":62},[44,51907,51908],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,51909,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,51911,51912,51914,51916,51918,51920,51922],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,51913,806],{"class":805},[44,51915,1449],{"class":50},[44,51917,11844],{"class":54},[44,51919,7748],{"class":54},[44,51921,3503],{"class":3502},[44,51923,820],{"class":58},[44,51925,51926,51928,51930,51932,51934,51936],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,51927,825],{"class":135},[44,51929,121],{"class":58},[44,51931,1365],{"class":135},[44,51933,121],{"class":58},[44,51935,302],{"class":117},[44,51937,244],{"class":58},[20,51939,51940,51941,114],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[270,51942,8091],{"href":1946},[30,51944,1299],{"id":1298},[20,51946,22734,51947,1155],{},[15,51948,41997],{},[169,51950,51951,51959,51967,51975,51981],{},[172,51952,895,51953,51955,51956],{},[15,51954,41997],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51957,51958],{},"len(5)",[172,51960,895,51961,51963,51964],{},[15,51962,41997],{}," on a float like ",[15,51965,51966],{},"len(3.14)",[172,51968,895,51969,51971,51972,51974],{},[15,51970,41997],{}," on ",[15,51973,3428],{}," after a function returns nothing",[172,51976,4229,51977,51980],{},[15,51978,51979],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[172,51982,51983],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51985,51986],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[35,51988,51990],{"className":37,"code":51989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51991,51992,52028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,51993,51994,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006,52008,52010,52012,52014,52016,52018,52020,52022,52024,52026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,51995,12852],{"class":50},[44,51997,55],{"class":54},[44,51999,10141],{"class":58},[44,52001,63],{"class":62},[44,52003,7318],{"class":66},[44,52005,63],{"class":62},[44,52007,1155],{"class":58},[44,52009,75],{"class":62},[44,52011,12531],{"class":66},[44,52013,63],{"class":62},[44,52015,72],{"class":58},[44,52017,75],{"class":62},[44,52019,8949],{"class":66},[44,52021,63],{"class":62},[44,52023,1155],{"class":58},[44,52025,212],{"class":206},[44,52027,8959],{"class":58},[44,52029,52030,52032,52034,52036,52038,52040,52042],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52031,136],{"class":135},[44,52033,121],{"class":58},[44,52035,1365],{"class":135},[44,52037,121],{"class":58},[44,52039,16953],{"class":117},[44,52041,459],{"class":58},[44,52043,51051],{"class":147},[20,52045,37231,52046,52048,52049,898,52051,114],{},[15,52047,1137],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52050,14888],{},[15,52052,52053],{},"\"age\"",[20,52055,52056],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[35,52058,52060],{"className":37,"code":52059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52061,52062,52075],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52063,52064,52066,52068,52070,52073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52065,34329],{"class":50},[44,52067,55],{"class":54},[44,52069,75],{"class":62},[44,52071,52072],{"class":66},"a b",[44,52074,3007],{"class":62},[44,52076,52077,52079,52081,52083,52085,52087,52089],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52078,136],{"class":135},[44,52080,121],{"class":58},[44,52082,1365],{"class":135},[44,52084,121],{"class":58},[44,52086,34350],{"class":117},[44,52088,459],{"class":58},[44,52090,50409],{"class":147},[20,52092,52093],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[30,52095,1497],{"id":1496},[338,52097,52099],{"id":52098},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52101,52102],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[338,52104,52106],{"id":52105},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52108,52109],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[338,52111,52113],{"id":52112},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52115,52116],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[338,52118,52120],{"id":52119},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52122,52123,52124,52126,52127,2522,52129,52131,52132,114],{},"No. Using ",[15,52125,41997],{}," on an ",[15,52128,1837],{},[15,52130,1840],{}," raises a ",[15,52133,2650],{},[338,52135,52137],{"id":52136},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52139,280,52140,114],{},[15,52141,52142],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52144,189],{},[35,52146,52148],{"className":37,"code":52147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52149,52150,52158,52162,52180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52151,52152,52154,52156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52153,7957],{"class":50},[44,52155,55],{"class":54},[44,52157,7487],{"class":58},[44,52159,52160],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52161,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,52163,52164,52166,52168,52170,52172,52174,52176,52178],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52165,806],{"class":805},[44,52167,38023],{"class":135},[44,52169,121],{"class":58},[44,52171,7988],{"class":117},[44,52173,144],{"class":58},[44,52175,6056],{"class":54},[44,52177,3483],{"class":206},[44,52179,820],{"class":58},[44,52181,52182,52184,52186,52188,52191,52193],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,52183,825],{"class":135},[44,52185,121],{"class":58},[44,52187,63],{"class":62},[44,52189,52190],{"class":66},"Empty list",[44,52192,63],{"class":62},[44,52194,100],{"class":58},[20,52196,52197,52198,52200,52201,52203,52204,52206],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52199,3324],{}," in an ",[15,52202,806],{}," statement, but ",[15,52205,41997],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[30,52208,1554],{"id":1553},[169,52210,52211,52215,52219,52223,52228,52232,52238],{},[172,52212,52213],{},[270,52214,50612],{"href":50611},[172,52216,52217],{},[270,52218,50616],{"href":50615},[172,52220,52221],{},[270,52222,8806],{"href":8805},[172,52224,52225],{},[270,52226,52227],{"href":51182},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[172,52229,52230],{},[270,52231,8091],{"href":1946},[172,52233,52234],{},[270,52235,52237],{"href":52236},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[172,52239,52240],{},[270,52241,52242],{"href":51773},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1583,52244,52245],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":52247},[52248,52249,52250,52251,52252,52253,52254,52260,52261,52262,52263,52270],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":50417,"depth":103,"text":50418},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":50759,"depth":103,"text":50760},{"id":50946,"depth":103,"text":50947},{"id":51186,"depth":103,"text":51187},{"id":40681,"depth":103,"text":40682,"children":52255},[52256,52257,52258,52259],{"id":51405,"depth":132,"text":51406},{"id":51459,"depth":132,"text":51460},{"id":51510,"depth":132,"text":51511},{"id":51591,"depth":132,"text":51592},{"id":51663,"depth":103,"text":51664},{"id":51777,"depth":103,"text":51778},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":52264},[52265,52266,52267,52268,52269],{"id":52098,"depth":132,"text":52099},{"id":52105,"depth":132,"text":52106},{"id":52112,"depth":132,"text":52113},{"id":52119,"depth":132,"text":52120},{"id":52136,"depth":132,"text":52137},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50300,"description":52271},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52278,"title":52279,"body":52280,"description":53964,"extension":1616,"meta":53965,"navigation":434,"path":53966,"seo":53967,"stem":53968,"__hash__":53969},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52281,"toc":53937},[52282,52285,52298,52304,52306,52360,52365,52369,52385,52388,52402,52408,52410,52413,52432,52448,52450,52526,52528,52565,52576,52578,52581,52642,52644,52677,52680,52686,52690,52693,52818,52820,52879,52887,52940,52942,52969,52975,52985,52989,52992,52997,53049,53051,53077,53083,53137,53139,53164,53167,53191,53197,53199,53203,53205,53262,53264,53272,53274,53296,53298,53351,53353,53377,53381,53383,53422,53424,53432,53438,53442,53494,53496,53522,53530,53534,53539,53548,53550,53616,53618,53650,53654,53659,53661,53675,53678,53751,53753,53779,53781,53785,53792,53796,53803,53807,53810,53812,53865,53867,53893,53897,53906,53908,53934],[10,52283,52279],{"id":52284},"python-list-append-method",[20,52286,164,52287,52290,52291,52294,52295,52297],{},[15,52288,52289],{},"append()"," method adds ",[367,52292,52293],{},"one item"," to the ",[367,52296,359],{}," of a Python list.",[20,52299,52300,52301,52303],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[367,52302,881],{}," create a new list.",[30,52305,3259],{"id":3258},[35,52307,52309],{"className":37,"code":52308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52310,52311,52331,52345,52355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52312,52313,52315,52317,52319,52321,52323,52325,52327,52329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52314,199],{"class":50},[44,52316,55],{"class":54},[44,52318,3273],{"class":58},[44,52320,1133],{"class":206},[44,52322,72],{"class":58},[44,52324,488],{"class":206},[44,52326,72],{"class":58},[44,52328,524],{"class":206},[44,52330,3286],{"class":58},[44,52332,52333,52335,52337,52339,52341,52343],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52334,232],{"class":50},[44,52336,114],{"class":58},[44,52338,13201],{"class":117},[44,52340,121],{"class":58},[44,52342,1145],{"class":206},[44,52344,100],{"class":58},[44,52346,52347,52349,52351,52353],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52348,136],{"class":135},[44,52350,121],{"class":58},[44,52352,232],{"class":117},[44,52354,100],{"class":58},[44,52356,52357],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,52358,52359],{"class":147},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52361,651,52362,52364],{},[15,52363,52289],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[30,52366,52368],{"id":52367},"what-append-does","What append() does",[169,52370,52371,52376,52379,52382],{},[172,52372,52373,52375],{},[15,52374,52289],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[172,52377,52378],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[172,52380,52381],{},"It does not create a new list",[172,52383,52384],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52386,52387],{},"This means you can append:",[169,52389,52390,52392,52394,52396,52398,52400],{},[172,52391,232],{},[172,52393,4958],{},[172,52395,40231],{},[172,52397,4949],{},[172,52399,6900],{},[172,52401,34303],{},[20,52403,52404,52405,114],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[270,52406,52407],{"href":50615},"Python lists explained for beginners",[30,52409,5079],{"id":5078},[20,52411,52412],{},"Basic form:",[35,52414,52416],{"className":37,"code":52415,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52417,52418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52419,52420,52422,52424,52426,52428,52430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52421,7988],{"class":50},[44,52423,114],{"class":58},[44,52425,13201],{"class":117},[44,52427,121],{"class":58},[44,52429,22950],{"class":117},[44,52431,100],{"class":58},[169,52433,52434,52439,52444],{},[172,52435,52436,52438],{},[15,52437,7988],{}," is the list you want to change",[172,52440,52441,52443],{},[15,52442,22950],{}," is the value or object to add",[172,52445,11561,52446],{},[15,52447,3428],{},[20,52449,189],{},[35,52451,52453],{"className":37,"code":52452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52454,52455,52479,52502,52506,52516],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52456,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471,52473,52475,52477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52458,1200],{"class":50},[44,52460,55],{"class":54},[44,52462,3273],{"class":58},[44,52464,63],{"class":62},[44,52466,1209],{"class":66},[44,52468,63],{"class":62},[44,52470,72],{"class":58},[44,52472,75],{"class":62},[44,52474,1218],{"class":66},[44,52476,63],{"class":62},[44,52478,3286],{"class":58},[44,52480,52481,52483,52485,52488,52490,52492,52494,52496,52498,52500],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52482,604],{"class":50},[44,52484,55],{"class":54},[44,52486,52487],{"class":50}," fruits",[44,52489,114],{"class":58},[44,52491,13201],{"class":117},[44,52493,121],{"class":58},[44,52495,63],{"class":62},[44,52497,1227],{"class":66},[44,52499,63],{"class":62},[44,52501,100],{"class":58},[44,52503,52504],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52505,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,52507,52508,52510,52512,52514],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,52509,136],{"class":135},[44,52511,121],{"class":58},[44,52513,1244],{"class":117},[44,52515,100],{"class":58},[44,52517,52518,52520,52522,52524],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,52519,136],{"class":135},[44,52521,121],{"class":58},[44,52523,632],{"class":117},[44,52525,100],{"class":58},[20,52527,247],{},[35,52529,52531],{"className":37,"code":52530,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52532,52533,52561],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52534,52535,52537,52539,52541,52543,52545,52547,52549,52551,52553,52555,52557,52559],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52536,1271],{"class":58},[44,52538,2948],{"class":62},[44,52540,1209],{"class":66},[44,52542,2948],{"class":62},[44,52544,72],{"class":58},[44,52546,2943],{"class":62},[44,52548,1218],{"class":66},[44,52550,2948],{"class":62},[44,52552,72],{"class":58},[44,52554,2943],{"class":62},[44,52556,1227],{"class":66},[44,52558,2948],{"class":62},[44,52560,3286],{"class":58},[44,52562,52563],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52564,11458],{"class":3502},[20,52566,52567,52568,52570,52571,52573,52574,114],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52569,52289],{}," updates ",[15,52572,1244],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52575,3428],{},[30,52577,11124],{"id":11123},[20,52579,52580],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[35,52582,52584],{"className":37,"code":52583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52585,52586,52610,52628,52632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52587,52588,52590,52592,52594,52596,52598,52600,52602,52604,52606,52608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52589,51],{"class":50},[44,52591,55],{"class":54},[44,52593,3273],{"class":58},[44,52595,63],{"class":62},[44,52597,67],{"class":66},[44,52599,63],{"class":62},[44,52601,72],{"class":58},[44,52603,75],{"class":62},[44,52605,78],{"class":66},[44,52607,63],{"class":62},[44,52609,3286],{"class":58},[44,52611,52612,52614,52616,52618,52620,52622,52624,52626],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52613,734],{"class":50},[44,52615,114],{"class":58},[44,52617,13201],{"class":117},[44,52619,121],{"class":58},[44,52621,63],{"class":62},[44,52623,87],{"class":66},[44,52625,63],{"class":62},[44,52627,100],{"class":58},[44,52629,52630],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52631,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,52633,52634,52636,52638,52640],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,52635,136],{"class":135},[44,52637,121],{"class":58},[44,52639,734],{"class":117},[44,52641,100],{"class":58},[20,52643,247],{},[35,52645,52647],{"className":37,"code":52646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52648,52649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52650,52651,52653,52655,52657,52659,52661,52663,52665,52667,52669,52671,52673,52675],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52652,1271],{"class":58},[44,52654,2948],{"class":62},[44,52656,67],{"class":66},[44,52658,2948],{"class":62},[44,52660,72],{"class":58},[44,52662,2943],{"class":62},[44,52664,78],{"class":66},[44,52666,2948],{"class":62},[44,52668,72],{"class":58},[44,52670,2943],{"class":62},[44,52672,87],{"class":66},[44,52674,2948],{"class":62},[44,52676,3286],{"class":58},[20,52678,52679],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52681,30723,52682,114],{},[270,52683,52685],{"href":52684},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[30,52687,52689],{"id":52688},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52691,52692],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[35,52694,52696],{"className":37,"code":52695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52697,52698,52706,52710,52724,52742,52756,52782,52804,52808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52699,52700,52702,52704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52701,7429],{"class":50},[44,52703,55],{"class":54},[44,52705,7487],{"class":58},[44,52707,52708],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52709,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,52711,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720,52722],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52713,7458],{"class":50},[44,52715,114],{"class":58},[44,52717,13201],{"class":117},[44,52719,121],{"class":58},[44,52721,207],{"class":206},[44,52723,100],{"class":58},[44,52725,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,52727,7458],{"class":50},[44,52729,114],{"class":58},[44,52731,13201],{"class":117},[44,52733,121],{"class":58},[44,52735,63],{"class":62},[44,52737,3495],{"class":66},[44,52739,63],{"class":62},[44,52741,100],{"class":58},[44,52743,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,52745,7458],{"class":50},[44,52747,114],{"class":58},[44,52749,13201],{"class":117},[44,52751,121],{"class":58},[44,52753,3254],{"class":3502},[44,52755,100],{"class":58},[44,52757,52758,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768,52770,52772,52774,52776,52778,52780],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,52759,7458],{"class":50},[44,52761,114],{"class":58},[44,52763,13201],{"class":117},[44,52765,5177],{"class":58},[44,52767,63],{"class":62},[44,52769,7318],{"class":66},[44,52771,63],{"class":62},[44,52773,1155],{"class":58},[44,52775,75],{"class":62},[44,52777,7327],{"class":66},[44,52779,63],{"class":62},[44,52781,30136],{"class":58},[44,52783,52784,52786,52788,52790,52792,52794,52796,52798,52800,52802],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,52785,7458],{"class":50},[44,52787,114],{"class":58},[44,52789,13201],{"class":117},[44,52791,2631],{"class":58},[44,52793,1133],{"class":206},[44,52795,72],{"class":58},[44,52797,488],{"class":206},[44,52799,72],{"class":58},[44,52801,524],{"class":206},[44,52803,3538],{"class":58},[44,52805,52806],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,52807,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,52809,52810,52812,52814,52816],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,52811,136],{"class":135},[44,52813,121],{"class":58},[44,52815,7458],{"class":117},[44,52817,100],{"class":58},[20,52819,247],{},[35,52821,52823],{"className":37,"code":52822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52824,52825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52826,52827,52829,52831,52833,52835,52837,52839,52841,52843,52845,52847,52849,52851,52853,52855,52857,52859,52861,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52828,1271],{"class":58},[44,52830,207],{"class":206},[44,52832,72],{"class":58},[44,52834,2943],{"class":62},[44,52836,3495],{"class":66},[44,52838,2948],{"class":62},[44,52840,72],{"class":58},[44,52842,3565],{"class":3502},[44,52844,72],{"class":58},[44,52846,10141],{"class":58},[44,52848,2948],{"class":62},[44,52850,7318],{"class":66},[44,52852,2948],{"class":62},[44,52854,1155],{"class":58},[44,52856,2943],{"class":62},[44,52858,7327],{"class":66},[44,52860,2948],{"class":62},[44,52862,52863],{"class":58},"},",[44,52865,3273],{"class":58},[44,52867,1133],{"class":206},[44,52869,72],{"class":58},[44,52871,488],{"class":206},[44,52873,72],{"class":58},[44,52875,524],{"class":206},[44,52877,52878],{"class":58},"]]\n",[20,52880,52881,52882,41791,52884,114],{},"A list added with ",[15,52883,52289],{},[367,52885,52886],{},"one single item",[35,52888,52890],{"className":37,"code":52889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52891,52892,52908,52926,52930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52893,52894,52896,52898,52900,52902,52904,52906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52895,199],{"class":50},[44,52897,55],{"class":54},[44,52899,3273],{"class":58},[44,52901,1133],{"class":206},[44,52903,72],{"class":58},[44,52905,488],{"class":206},[44,52907,3286],{"class":58},[44,52909,52910,52912,52914,52916,52918,52920,52922,52924],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,52911,232],{"class":50},[44,52913,114],{"class":58},[44,52915,13201],{"class":117},[44,52917,2631],{"class":58},[44,52919,1141],{"class":206},[44,52921,72],{"class":58},[44,52923,1114],{"class":206},[44,52925,3538],{"class":58},[44,52927,52928],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,52929,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,52931,52932,52934,52936,52938],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,52933,136],{"class":135},[44,52935,121],{"class":58},[44,52937,232],{"class":117},[44,52939,100],{"class":58},[20,52941,247],{},[35,52943,52945],{"className":37,"code":52944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52946,52947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,52948,52949,52951,52953,52955,52957,52959,52961,52963,52965,52967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,52950,1271],{"class":58},[44,52952,1133],{"class":206},[44,52954,72],{"class":58},[44,52956,488],{"class":206},[44,52958,72],{"class":58},[44,52960,3273],{"class":58},[44,52962,1141],{"class":206},[44,52964,72],{"class":58},[44,52966,1114],{"class":206},[44,52968,52878],{"class":58},[20,52970,1933,52971,52974],{},[15,52972,52973],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52976,52977,52978,52984],{},"This is different from ",[270,52979,52981],{"href":52980},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52982,52983],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[30,52986,52988],{"id":52987},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52990,52991],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[338,52993,895,52995],{"id":52994},"using-append",[15,52996,52289],{},[35,52998,52999],{"className":37,"code":52889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53000,53001,53017,53035,53039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53002,53003,53005,53007,53009,53011,53013,53015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53004,199],{"class":50},[44,53006,55],{"class":54},[44,53008,3273],{"class":58},[44,53010,1133],{"class":206},[44,53012,72],{"class":58},[44,53014,488],{"class":206},[44,53016,3286],{"class":58},[44,53018,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53020,232],{"class":50},[44,53022,114],{"class":58},[44,53024,13201],{"class":117},[44,53026,2631],{"class":58},[44,53028,1141],{"class":206},[44,53030,72],{"class":58},[44,53032,1114],{"class":206},[44,53034,3538],{"class":58},[44,53036,53037],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53038,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53040,53041,53043,53045,53047],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53042,136],{"class":135},[44,53044,121],{"class":58},[44,53046,232],{"class":117},[44,53048,100],{"class":58},[20,53050,247],{},[35,53052,53053],{"className":37,"code":52944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53054,53055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53056,53057,53059,53061,53063,53065,53067,53069,53071,53073,53075],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53058,1271],{"class":58},[44,53060,1133],{"class":206},[44,53062,72],{"class":58},[44,53064,488],{"class":206},[44,53066,72],{"class":58},[44,53068,3273],{"class":58},[44,53070,1141],{"class":206},[44,53072,72],{"class":58},[44,53074,1114],{"class":206},[44,53076,52878],{"class":58},[338,53078,895,53080],{"id":53079},"using-extend",[15,53081,53082],{},"extend()",[35,53084,53086],{"className":37,"code":53085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53087,53088,53104,53123,53127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53089,53090,53092,53094,53096,53098,53100,53102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53091,199],{"class":50},[44,53093,55],{"class":54},[44,53095,3273],{"class":58},[44,53097,1133],{"class":206},[44,53099,72],{"class":58},[44,53101,488],{"class":206},[44,53103,3286],{"class":58},[44,53105,53106,53108,53110,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53107,232],{"class":50},[44,53109,114],{"class":58},[44,53111,53112],{"class":117},"extend",[44,53114,2631],{"class":58},[44,53116,1141],{"class":206},[44,53118,72],{"class":58},[44,53120,1114],{"class":206},[44,53122,3538],{"class":58},[44,53124,53125],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53126,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53128,53129,53131,53133,53135],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53130,136],{"class":135},[44,53132,121],{"class":58},[44,53134,232],{"class":117},[44,53136,100],{"class":58},[20,53138,247],{},[35,53140,53142],{"className":37,"code":53141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53143,53144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53145,53146,53148,53150,53152,53154,53156,53158,53160,53162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53147,1271],{"class":58},[44,53149,1133],{"class":206},[44,53151,72],{"class":58},[44,53153,488],{"class":206},[44,53155,72],{"class":58},[44,53157,524],{"class":206},[44,53159,72],{"class":58},[44,53161,1114],{"class":206},[44,53163,3286],{"class":58},[20,53165,53166],{},"The difference:",[169,53168,53169,53175,53181,53186],{},[172,53170,53171,53174],{},[15,53172,53173],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[172,53176,53177,53180],{},[15,53178,53179],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[172,53182,651,53183,53185],{},[15,53184,52289],{}," for one item",[172,53187,651,53188,53190],{},[15,53189,53082],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53192,53193,53194,114],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[270,53195,53196],{"href":52980},"Python list extend() method",[30,53198,4168],{"id":4167},[338,53200,53202],{"id":53201},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53204,25330],{},[35,53206,53208],{"className":37,"code":53207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53209,53210,53230,53248,53252],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53211,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226,53228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53213,7429],{"class":50},[44,53215,55],{"class":54},[44,53217,3273],{"class":58},[44,53219,1133],{"class":206},[44,53221,72],{"class":58},[44,53223,488],{"class":206},[44,53225,72],{"class":58},[44,53227,524],{"class":206},[44,53229,3286],{"class":58},[44,53231,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53233,7429],{"class":50},[44,53235,55],{"class":54},[44,53237,5614],{"class":50},[44,53239,114],{"class":58},[44,53241,13201],{"class":117},[44,53243,121],{"class":58},[44,53245,1145],{"class":206},[44,53247,100],{"class":58},[44,53249,53250],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53251,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53253,53254,53256,53258,53260],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53255,136],{"class":135},[44,53257,121],{"class":58},[44,53259,7458],{"class":117},[44,53261,100],{"class":58},[20,53263,247],{},[35,53265,53266],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53267,53268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53269,53270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53271,11458],{"class":3502},[20,53273,11550],{},[169,53275,53276,53281,53287],{},[172,53277,53278,53280],{},[15,53279,52289],{}," changes the list in place",[172,53282,53283,2044,53285],{},[15,53284,52289],{},[15,53286,3428],{},[172,53288,53289,53290,53293,53294],{},"So ",[15,53291,53292],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53295,3428],{},[20,53297,10457],{},[35,53299,53301],{"className":37,"code":53300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53302,53303,53323,53337,53341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53304,53305,53307,53309,53311,53313,53315,53317,53319,53321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53306,7429],{"class":50},[44,53308,55],{"class":54},[44,53310,3273],{"class":58},[44,53312,1133],{"class":206},[44,53314,72],{"class":58},[44,53316,488],{"class":206},[44,53318,72],{"class":58},[44,53320,524],{"class":206},[44,53322,3286],{"class":58},[44,53324,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53326,7458],{"class":50},[44,53328,114],{"class":58},[44,53330,13201],{"class":117},[44,53332,121],{"class":58},[44,53334,1145],{"class":206},[44,53336,100],{"class":58},[44,53338,53339],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53340,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53342,53343,53345,53347,53349],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53344,136],{"class":135},[44,53346,121],{"class":58},[44,53348,7458],{"class":117},[44,53350,100],{"class":58},[20,53352,247],{},[35,53354,53355],{"className":37,"code":53141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53356,53357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53358,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369,53371,53373,53375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53360,1271],{"class":58},[44,53362,1133],{"class":206},[44,53364,72],{"class":58},[44,53366,488],{"class":206},[44,53368,72],{"class":58},[44,53370,524],{"class":206},[44,53372,72],{"class":58},[44,53374,1114],{"class":206},[44,53376,3286],{"class":58},[338,53378,53380],{"id":53379},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53382,18556],{},[35,53384,53386],{"className":37,"code":53385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53387,53388,53412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53389,53390,53392,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53391,31523],{"class":50},[44,53393,55],{"class":54},[44,53395,3273],{"class":58},[44,53397,1133],{"class":206},[44,53399,72],{"class":58},[44,53401,488],{"class":206},[44,53403,13198],{"class":58},[44,53405,13201],{"class":117},[44,53407,121],{"class":58},[44,53409,1141],{"class":206},[44,53411,100],{"class":58},[44,53413,53414,53416,53418,53420],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53415,136],{"class":135},[44,53417,121],{"class":58},[44,53419,31542],{"class":117},[44,53421,100],{"class":58},[20,53423,247],{},[35,53425,53426],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53427,53428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53429,53430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53431,11458],{"class":3502},[20,53433,53434,53435,53437],{},"Remember: ",[15,53436,52289],{}," updates the list you already have.",[338,53439,53441],{"id":53440},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[35,53443,53444],{"className":37,"code":52889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53445,53446,53462,53480,53484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53447,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53449,199],{"class":50},[44,53451,55],{"class":54},[44,53453,3273],{"class":58},[44,53455,1133],{"class":206},[44,53457,72],{"class":58},[44,53459,488],{"class":206},[44,53461,3286],{"class":58},[44,53463,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53465,232],{"class":50},[44,53467,114],{"class":58},[44,53469,13201],{"class":117},[44,53471,2631],{"class":58},[44,53473,1141],{"class":206},[44,53475,72],{"class":58},[44,53477,1114],{"class":206},[44,53479,3538],{"class":58},[44,53481,53482],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53483,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53487,136],{"class":135},[44,53489,121],{"class":58},[44,53491,232],{"class":117},[44,53493,100],{"class":58},[20,53495,247],{},[35,53497,53498],{"className":37,"code":52944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53499,53500],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53501,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53503,1271],{"class":58},[44,53505,1133],{"class":206},[44,53507,72],{"class":58},[44,53509,488],{"class":206},[44,53511,72],{"class":58},[44,53513,3273],{"class":58},[44,53515,1141],{"class":206},[44,53517,72],{"class":58},[44,53519,1114],{"class":206},[44,53521,52878],{"class":58},[20,53523,2815,53524,53527,53528,6280],{},[15,53525,53526],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53529,53082],{},[338,53531,53533],{"id":53532},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53535,53536,53538],{},[15,53537,52289],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53540,53541,53542,114],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[270,53543,53545],{"href":53544},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53546,53547],{},"list.insert()",[20,53549,189],{},[35,53551,53553],{"className":37,"code":53552,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53554,53555,53579,53602,53606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53556,53557,53559,53561,53563,53565,53567,53569,53571,53573,53575,53577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53558,382],{"class":50},[44,53560,55],{"class":54},[44,53562,3273],{"class":58},[44,53564,63],{"class":62},[44,53566,270],{"class":66},[44,53568,63],{"class":62},[44,53570,72],{"class":58},[44,53572,75],{"class":62},[44,53574,408],{"class":66},[44,53576,63],{"class":62},[44,53578,3286],{"class":58},[44,53580,53581,53583,53585,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53582,444],{"class":50},[44,53584,114],{"class":58},[44,53586,53587],{"class":117},"insert",[44,53589,121],{"class":58},[44,53591,1133],{"class":206},[44,53593,72],{"class":58},[44,53595,75],{"class":62},[44,53597,399],{"class":66},[44,53599,63],{"class":62},[44,53601,100],{"class":58},[44,53603,53604],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53605,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53607,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53609,136],{"class":135},[44,53611,121],{"class":58},[44,53613,444],{"class":117},[44,53615,100],{"class":58},[20,53617,247],{},[35,53619,53620],{"className":37,"code":42512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53621,53622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53623,53624,53626,53628,53630,53632,53634,53636,53638,53640,53642,53644,53646,53648],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53625,1271],{"class":58},[44,53627,2948],{"class":62},[44,53629,270],{"class":66},[44,53631,2948],{"class":62},[44,53633,72],{"class":58},[44,53635,2943],{"class":62},[44,53637,399],{"class":66},[44,53639,2948],{"class":62},[44,53641,72],{"class":58},[44,53643,2943],{"class":62},[44,53645,408],{"class":66},[44,53647,2948],{"class":62},[44,53649,3286],{"class":58},[30,53651,53653],{"id":53652},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53655,53656,53658],{},[15,53657,52289],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53660,36063],{},[169,53662,53663,53666,53669,53672],{},[172,53664,53665],{},"building a list in a loop",[172,53667,53668],{},"collecting user input",[172,53670,53671],{},"storing results step by step",[172,53673,53674],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53676,53677],{},"Example with a loop:",[35,53679,53681],{"className":37,"code":53680,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53682,53683,53692,53696,53717,53736,53740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53684,53685,53688,53690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53686,53687],{"class":50},"squares ",[44,53689,55],{"class":54},[44,53691,7487],{"class":58},[44,53693,53694],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53695,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53697,53698,53700,53702,53704,53707,53709,53711,53713,53715],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53699,5606],{"class":805},[44,53701,6035],{"class":50},[44,53703,1383],{"class":805},[44,53705,53706],{"class":135}," range",[44,53708,121],{"class":58},[44,53710,1133],{"class":206},[44,53712,72],{"class":58},[44,53714,939],{"class":206},[44,53716,7991],{"class":58},[44,53718,53719,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53720,53721],{"class":50},"    squares",[44,53723,114],{"class":58},[44,53725,13201],{"class":117},[44,53727,121],{"class":58},[44,53729,1865],{"class":117},[44,53731,39509],{"class":54},[44,53733,1845],{"class":117},[44,53735,100],{"class":58},[44,53737,53738],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,53739,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53741,53742,53744,53746,53749],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,53743,136],{"class":135},[44,53745,121],{"class":58},[44,53747,53748],{"class":117},"squares",[44,53750,100],{"class":58},[20,53752,247],{},[35,53754,53756],{"className":37,"code":53755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53757,53758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53759,53760,53762,53764,53766,53768,53770,53773,53775,53777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53761,1271],{"class":58},[44,53763,1133],{"class":206},[44,53765,72],{"class":58},[44,53767,1114],{"class":206},[44,53769,72],{"class":58},[44,53771,53772],{"class":206}," 9",[44,53774,72],{"class":58},[44,53776,13636],{"class":206},[44,53778,3286],{"class":58},[30,53780,1497],{"id":1496},[338,53782,53784],{"id":53783},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53786,46003,53787,53789,53790,114],{},[15,53788,52289],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53791,3428],{},[338,53793,53795],{"id":53794},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53797,53798,53799,114],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[270,53800,53801],{"href":52980},[15,53802,53082],{},[338,53804,53806],{"id":53805},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53808,53809],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53811,189],{},[35,53813,53815],{"className":37,"code":53814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53816,53817,53833,53851,53855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53818,53819,53821,53823,53825,53827,53829,53831],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53820,8816],{"class":50},[44,53822,55],{"class":54},[44,53824,3273],{"class":58},[44,53826,1133],{"class":206},[44,53828,72],{"class":58},[44,53830,488],{"class":206},[44,53832,3286],{"class":58},[44,53834,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,53836,8855],{"class":50},[44,53838,114],{"class":58},[44,53840,13201],{"class":117},[44,53842,2631],{"class":58},[44,53844,1141],{"class":206},[44,53846,72],{"class":58},[44,53848,1114],{"class":206},[44,53850,3538],{"class":58},[44,53852,53853],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,53854,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,53856,53857,53859,53861,53863],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,53858,136],{"class":135},[44,53860,121],{"class":58},[44,53862,8855],{"class":117},[44,53864,100],{"class":58},[20,53866,247],{},[35,53868,53869],{"className":37,"code":52944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,53870,53871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,53872,53873,53875,53877,53879,53881,53883,53885,53887,53889,53891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,53874,1271],{"class":58},[44,53876,1133],{"class":206},[44,53878,72],{"class":58},[44,53880,488],{"class":206},[44,53882,72],{"class":58},[44,53884,3273],{"class":58},[44,53886,1141],{"class":206},[44,53888,72],{"class":58},[44,53890,1114],{"class":206},[44,53892,52878],{"class":58},[338,53894,53896],{"id":53895},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53898,53899,53901,53902,53905],{},[15,53900,52289],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53903,53904],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[30,53907,1554],{"id":1553},[169,53909,53910,53915,53919,53924,53928],{},[172,53911,53912],{},[270,53913,53914],{"href":52684},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[172,53916,53917],{},[270,53918,53196],{"href":52980},[172,53920,53921],{},[270,53922,53923],{"href":53544},"Python list insert() method",[172,53925,53926],{},[270,53927,52407],{"href":50615},[172,53929,53930],{},[270,53931,53933],{"href":53932},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1583,53935,53936],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":53938},[53939,53940,53941,53942,53943,53944,53950,53956,53957,53963],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":52367,"depth":103,"text":52368},{"id":5078,"depth":103,"text":5079},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":52688,"depth":103,"text":52689},{"id":52987,"depth":103,"text":52988,"children":53945},[53946,53948],{"id":52994,"depth":132,"text":53947},"Using append()",{"id":53079,"depth":132,"text":53949},"Using extend()",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":53951},[53952,53953,53954,53955],{"id":53201,"depth":132,"text":53202},{"id":53379,"depth":132,"text":53380},{"id":53440,"depth":132,"text":53441},{"id":53532,"depth":132,"text":53533},{"id":53652,"depth":103,"text":53653},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":53958},[53959,53960,53961,53962],{"id":53783,"depth":132,"text":53784},{"id":53794,"depth":132,"text":53795},{"id":53805,"depth":132,"text":53806},{"id":53895,"depth":132,"text":53896},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52279,"description":53964},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53971,"title":53972,"body":53973,"description":55217,"extension":1616,"meta":55218,"navigation":434,"path":55219,"seo":55220,"stem":55221,"__hash__":55222},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53974,"toc":55182},[53975,53981,53987,53993,53995,54043,54048,54053,54057,54073,54079,54081,54084,54099,54101,54112,54114,54116,54173,54175,54183,54185,54201,54207,54209,54215,54219,54303,54306,54355,54362,54370,54373,54387,54400,54406,54481,54488,54495,54569,54577,54580,54591,54600,54604,54608,54619,54621,54698,54719,54721,54731,54734,54782,54784,54805,54808,54810,54861,54867,54874,54941,54947,54953,54956,54983,54988,54994,54997,55069,55072,55083,55089,55091,55097,55100,55106,55112,55119,55127,55133,55139,55141,55179],[10,53976,53978,53979,18],{"id":53977},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53980,10971],{},[20,53982,53983,53986],{},[15,53984,53985],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53988,53989,53990,53992],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[367,53991,10983],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[30,53994,3259],{"id":3258},[35,53996,53998],{"className":37,"code":53997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53999,54000,54020,54030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54001,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54003,7429],{"class":50},[44,54005,55],{"class":54},[44,54007,3273],{"class":58},[44,54009,1133],{"class":206},[44,54011,72],{"class":58},[44,54013,488],{"class":206},[44,54015,72],{"class":58},[44,54017,524],{"class":206},[44,54019,3286],{"class":58},[44,54021,54022,54024,54026,54028],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54023,7458],{"class":50},[44,54025,114],{"class":58},[44,54027,11032],{"class":117},[44,54029,8292],{"class":58},[44,54031,54032,54034,54036,54038,54040],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54033,136],{"class":135},[44,54035,121],{"class":58},[44,54037,7458],{"class":117},[44,54039,144],{"class":58},[44,54041,54042],{"class":147},"  # []\n",[20,54044,651,54045,54047],{},[15,54046,10971],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[30,54049,158,54051,161],{"id":54050},"what-listclear-does",[15,54052,53985],{},[20,54054,54055,1155],{},[15,54056,53985],{},[169,54058,54059,54062,54065,54070],{},[172,54060,54061],{},"Removes every item from a list",[172,54063,54064],{},"Changes the original list in place",[172,54066,54067,54068],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54069,3437],{},[172,54071,54072],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54074,54075,54076,54078],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54077,10971],{},", but it contains no values.",[30,54080,277],{"id":276},[20,54082,54083],{},"Syntax:",[35,54085,54087],{"className":37,"code":54086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54088,54089],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54090,54091,54093,54095,54097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54092,7988],{"class":50},[44,54094,114],{"class":58},[44,54096,11032],{"class":117},[44,54098,8292],{"class":58},[20,54100,11107],{},[169,54102,54103,54106,54109],{},[172,54104,54105],{},"Call it on a list object",[172,54107,54108],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[172,54110,54111],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[30,54113,11124],{"id":11123},[20,54115,11127],{},[35,54117,54119],{"className":37,"code":54118,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54120,54121,54145,54149,54159,54163],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54122,54123,54125,54127,54129,54131,54133,54135,54137,54139,54141,54143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54124,199],{"class":50},[44,54126,55],{"class":54},[44,54128,3273],{"class":58},[44,54130,207],{"class":206},[44,54132,72],{"class":58},[44,54134,212],{"class":206},[44,54136,72],{"class":58},[44,54138,217],{"class":206},[44,54140,72],{"class":58},[44,54142,50482],{"class":206},[44,54144,3286],{"class":58},[44,54146,54147],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54148,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54150,54151,54153,54155,54157],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54152,232],{"class":50},[44,54154,114],{"class":58},[44,54156,11032],{"class":117},[44,54158,8292],{"class":58},[44,54160,54161],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54162,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54164,54165,54167,54169,54171],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,54166,136],{"class":135},[44,54168,121],{"class":58},[44,54170,232],{"class":117},[44,54172,100],{"class":58},[20,54174,247],{},[35,54176,54177],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54178,54179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54180,54181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54182,37934],{"class":58},[20,54184,11333],{},[169,54186,54187,54192,54198],{},[172,54188,54189,54191],{},[15,54190,232],{}," starts with four items",[172,54193,54194,54197],{},[15,54195,54196],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[172,54199,54200],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54202,54203,54204,114],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[270,54205,52407],{"href":54206},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[30,54208,17063],{"id":17062},[20,54210,54211,2044,54213,114],{},[15,54212,10971],{},[15,54214,3428],{},[20,54216,40542,54217,52303],{},[367,54218,881],{},[35,54220,54222],{"className":37,"code":54221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54223,54224,54256,54260,54274,54278,54291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54225,54226,54228,54230,54232,54234,54236,54238,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248,54250,54252,54254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54227,7429],{"class":50},[44,54229,55],{"class":54},[44,54231,3273],{"class":58},[44,54233,63],{"class":62},[44,54235,270],{"class":66},[44,54237,63],{"class":62},[44,54239,72],{"class":58},[44,54241,75],{"class":62},[44,54243,399],{"class":66},[44,54245,63],{"class":62},[44,54247,72],{"class":58},[44,54249,75],{"class":62},[44,54251,408],{"class":66},[44,54253,63],{"class":62},[44,54255,3286],{"class":58},[44,54257,54258],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54259,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54261,54262,54264,54266,54268,54270,54272],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54263,604],{"class":50},[44,54265,55],{"class":54},[44,54267,5614],{"class":50},[44,54269,114],{"class":58},[44,54271,11032],{"class":117},[44,54273,8292],{"class":58},[44,54275,54276],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54277,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54279,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,54281,136],{"class":135},[44,54283,121],{"class":58},[44,54285,7458],{"class":117},[44,54287,144],{"class":58},[44,54289,54290],{"class":147},"   # []\n",[44,54292,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,54294,136],{"class":135},[44,54296,121],{"class":58},[44,54298,632],{"class":117},[44,54300,144],{"class":58},[44,54302,20518],{"class":147},[20,54304,54305],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[35,54307,54309],{"className":37,"code":54308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54310,54311,54331,54345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54312,54313,54315,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54314,7429],{"class":50},[44,54316,55],{"class":54},[44,54318,3273],{"class":58},[44,54320,1133],{"class":206},[44,54322,72],{"class":58},[44,54324,488],{"class":206},[44,54326,72],{"class":58},[44,54328,524],{"class":206},[44,54330,3286],{"class":58},[44,54332,54333,54335,54337,54339,54341,54343],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54334,7429],{"class":50},[44,54336,55],{"class":54},[44,54338,5614],{"class":50},[44,54340,114],{"class":58},[44,54342,11032],{"class":117},[44,54344,8292],{"class":58},[44,54346,54347,54349,54351,54353],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54348,136],{"class":135},[44,54350,121],{"class":58},[44,54352,7458],{"class":117},[44,54354,100],{"class":58},[20,54356,11566,54357,41791,54359,54361],{},[15,54358,7458],{},[15,54360,3428],{},", not an empty list.",[30,54363,54365,54367,54368],{"id":54364},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54366,10971],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54369,3437],{},[20,54371,54372],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[35,54374,54375],{"className":37,"code":54086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,54376,54377],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54378,54379,54381,54383,54385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54380,7988],{"class":50},[44,54382,114],{"class":58},[44,54384,11032],{"class":117},[44,54386,8292],{"class":58},[35,54388,54390],{"className":37,"code":54389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n",[15,54391,54392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54393,54394,54396,54398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54395,7957],{"class":50},[44,54397,55],{"class":54},[44,54399,7487],{"class":58},[338,54401,54403,54405],{"id":54402},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54404,10971],{}," empties the same list object",[35,54407,54409],{"className":37,"code":54408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54410,54411,54431,54439,54443,54453,54457,54469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54412,54413,54415,54417,54419,54421,54423,54425,54427,54429],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54414,2198],{"class":50},[44,54416,55],{"class":54},[44,54418,3273],{"class":58},[44,54420,1133],{"class":206},[44,54422,72],{"class":58},[44,54424,488],{"class":206},[44,54426,72],{"class":58},[44,54428,524],{"class":206},[44,54430,3286],{"class":58},[44,54432,54433,54435,54437],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54434,2226],{"class":50},[44,54436,55],{"class":54},[44,54438,35814],{"class":50},[44,54440,54441],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54442,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54444,54445,54447,54449,54451],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54446,270],{"class":50},[44,54448,114],{"class":58},[44,54450,11032],{"class":117},[44,54452,8292],{"class":58},[44,54454,54455],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,54456,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54458,54459,54461,54463,54465,54467],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,54460,136],{"class":135},[44,54462,121],{"class":58},[44,54464,270],{"class":117},[44,54466,144],{"class":58},[44,54468,54042],{"class":147},[44,54470,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,54472,136],{"class":135},[44,54474,121],{"class":58},[44,54476,399],{"class":117},[44,54478,144],{"class":58},[44,54480,54042],{"class":147},[20,54482,10241,54483,898,54485,54487],{},[15,54484,270],{},[15,54486,399],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[338,54489,54491,54494],{"id":54490},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54492,54493],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[35,54496,54498],{"className":37,"code":54497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54499,54500,54520,54528,54532,54540,54544,54556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54501,54502,54504,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514,54516,54518],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54503,2198],{"class":50},[44,54505,55],{"class":54},[44,54507,3273],{"class":58},[44,54509,1133],{"class":206},[44,54511,72],{"class":58},[44,54513,488],{"class":206},[44,54515,72],{"class":58},[44,54517,524],{"class":206},[44,54519,3286],{"class":58},[44,54521,54522,54524,54526],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54523,2226],{"class":50},[44,54525,55],{"class":54},[44,54527,35814],{"class":50},[44,54529,54530],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54531,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54533,54534,54536,54538],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54535,2198],{"class":50},[44,54537,55],{"class":54},[44,54539,7487],{"class":58},[44,54541,54542],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,54543,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54545,54546,54548,54550,54552,54554],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,54547,136],{"class":135},[44,54549,121],{"class":58},[44,54551,270],{"class":117},[44,54553,144],{"class":58},[44,54555,54042],{"class":147},[44,54557,54558,54560,54562,54564,54566],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,54559,136],{"class":135},[44,54561,121],{"class":58},[44,54563,399],{"class":117},[44,54565,144],{"class":58},[44,54567,54568],{"class":147},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54570,20413,54571,54573,54574,54576],{},[15,54572,270],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54575,399],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54578,54579],{},"This difference matters when:",[169,54581,54582,54585,54588],{},[172,54583,54584],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[172,54586,54587],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[172,54589,54590],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54592,54593,54594,114],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[270,54595,54597,54598,1180],{"href":54596},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54599,12427],{},[30,54601,4609,54602],{"id":12088},[15,54603,10971],{},[20,54605,651,54606,5966],{},[15,54607,10971],{},[169,54609,54610,54613,54616],{},[172,54611,54612],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[172,54614,54615],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[172,54617,54618],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54620,189],{},[35,54622,54624],{"className":37,"code":54623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54625,54626,54662,54666,54671,54682,54686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54627,54628,54631,54633,54635,54637,54640,54642,54644,54646,54649,54651,54653,54655,54658,54660],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54629,54630],{"class":50},"shopping_cart ",[44,54632,55],{"class":54},[44,54634,3273],{"class":58},[44,54636,63],{"class":62},[44,54638,54639],{"class":66},"milk",[44,54641,63],{"class":62},[44,54643,72],{"class":58},[44,54645,75],{"class":62},[44,54647,54648],{"class":66},"bread",[44,54650,63],{"class":62},[44,54652,72],{"class":58},[44,54654,75],{"class":62},[44,54656,54657],{"class":66},"eggs",[44,54659,63],{"class":62},[44,54661,3286],{"class":58},[44,54663,54664],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54665,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54667,54668],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54669,54670],{"class":147},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[44,54672,54673,54676,54678,54680],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54674,54675],{"class":50},"shopping_cart",[44,54677,114],{"class":58},[44,54679,11032],{"class":117},[44,54681,8292],{"class":58},[44,54683,54684],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,54685,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54687,54688,54690,54692,54694,54696],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,54689,136],{"class":135},[44,54691,121],{"class":58},[44,54693,54675],{"class":117},[44,54695,144],{"class":58},[44,54697,54042],{"class":147},[20,54699,54700,54701,54705,54706,54712,54713,114],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[270,54702,54704],{"href":54703},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[270,54707,54709,1180],{"href":54708},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54710,54711],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[270,54714,54716,1180],{"href":54715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54717,54718],{},"list.pop()",[30,54720,4168],{"id":4167},[338,54722,54724,54725,10742,54728],{"id":54723},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54726,54727],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54729,54730],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54732,54733],{},"This does not call the method.",[35,54735,54737],{"className":37,"code":54736,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54738,54739,54759,54763,54772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54740,54741,54743,54745,54747,54749,54751,54753,54755,54757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54742,7429],{"class":50},[44,54744,55],{"class":54},[44,54746,3273],{"class":58},[44,54748,1133],{"class":206},[44,54750,72],{"class":58},[44,54752,488],{"class":206},[44,54754,72],{"class":58},[44,54756,524],{"class":206},[44,54758,3286],{"class":58},[44,54760,54761],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54762,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54764,54765,54767,54769],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54766,7458],{"class":50},[44,54768,114],{"class":58},[44,54770,54771],{"class":24390},"clear\n",[44,54773,54774,54776,54778,54780],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54775,136],{"class":135},[44,54777,121],{"class":58},[44,54779,7458],{"class":117},[44,54781,100],{"class":58},[20,54783,247],{},[35,54785,54787],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54788,54789],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54790,54791,54793,54795,54797,54799,54801,54803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54792,1271],{"class":58},[44,54794,1133],{"class":206},[44,54796,72],{"class":58},[44,54798,488],{"class":206},[44,54800,72],{"class":58},[44,54802,524],{"class":206},[44,54804,3286],{"class":58},[20,54806,54807],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54809,10457],{},[35,54811,54813],{"className":37,"code":54812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54814,54815,54835,54839,54849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54816,54817,54819,54821,54823,54825,54827,54829,54831,54833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54818,7429],{"class":50},[44,54820,55],{"class":54},[44,54822,3273],{"class":58},[44,54824,1133],{"class":206},[44,54826,72],{"class":58},[44,54828,488],{"class":206},[44,54830,72],{"class":58},[44,54832,524],{"class":206},[44,54834,3286],{"class":58},[44,54836,54837],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54838,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54840,54841,54843,54845,54847],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54842,7458],{"class":50},[44,54844,114],{"class":58},[44,54846,11032],{"class":117},[44,54848,8292],{"class":58},[44,54850,54851,54853,54855,54857,54859],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54852,136],{"class":135},[44,54854,121],{"class":58},[44,54856,7458],{"class":117},[44,54858,144],{"class":58},[44,54860,54042],{"class":147},[338,54862,1312,54864,54866],{"id":54863},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54865,10971],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54868,54869,2044,54871,54873],{},[15,54870,10971],{},[15,54872,3428],{},", not the list.",[35,54875,54877],{"className":37,"code":54876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54878,54879,54899,54913,54917,54929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54880,54881,54883,54885,54887,54889,54891,54893,54895,54897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54882,7429],{"class":50},[44,54884,55],{"class":54},[44,54886,3273],{"class":58},[44,54888,1133],{"class":206},[44,54890,72],{"class":58},[44,54892,488],{"class":206},[44,54894,72],{"class":58},[44,54896,524],{"class":206},[44,54898,3286],{"class":58},[44,54900,54901,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54902,604],{"class":50},[44,54904,55],{"class":54},[44,54906,5614],{"class":50},[44,54908,114],{"class":58},[44,54910,11032],{"class":117},[44,54912,8292],{"class":58},[44,54914,54915],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,54916,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,54918,54919,54921,54923,54925,54927],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,54920,136],{"class":135},[44,54922,121],{"class":58},[44,54924,632],{"class":117},[44,54926,144],{"class":58},[44,54928,20518],{"class":147},[44,54930,54931,54933,54935,54937,54939],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,54932,136],{"class":135},[44,54934,121],{"class":58},[44,54936,7458],{"class":117},[44,54938,144],{"class":58},[44,54940,54290],{"class":147},[338,54942,895,54944,54946],{"id":54943},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54945,10971],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54948,54949,54950,54952],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54951,10971],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54954,54955],{},"This will fail:",[35,54957,54959],{"className":37,"code":54958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54960,54961,54973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,54962,54963,54965,54967,54969,54971],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,54964,34329],{"class":50},[44,54966,55],{"class":54},[44,54968,75],{"class":62},[44,54970,3495],{"class":66},[44,54972,3007],{"class":62},[44,54974,54975,54977,54979,54981],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,54976,34350],{"class":50},[44,54978,114],{"class":58},[44,54980,11032],{"class":117},[44,54982,8292],{"class":58},[20,54984,54985,54986,33241],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54987,10971],{},[20,54989,54990,54991,54993],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54992,3428],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54995,54996],{},"Useful checks:",[35,54998,55000],{"className":37,"code":54999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55001,55002,55012,55026,55040,55049,55059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55003,55004,55006,55008,55010],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55005,136],{"class":135},[44,55007,121],{"class":58},[44,55009,7988],{"class":117},[44,55011,100],{"class":58},[44,55013,55014,55016,55018,55020,55022,55024],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55015,136],{"class":135},[44,55017,121],{"class":58},[44,55019,2868],{"class":2546},[44,55021,121],{"class":58},[44,55023,7988],{"class":117},[44,55025,244],{"class":58},[44,55027,55028,55030,55032,55034,55036,55038],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55029,136],{"class":135},[44,55031,121],{"class":58},[44,55033,12300],{"class":135},[44,55035,121],{"class":58},[44,55037,7988],{"class":117},[44,55039,244],{"class":58},[44,55041,55042,55044,55046],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,55043,43186],{"class":50},[44,55045,55],{"class":54},[44,55047,55048],{"class":50}," my_list\n",[44,55050,55051,55053,55055,55057],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,55052,7988],{"class":50},[44,55054,114],{"class":58},[44,55056,11032],{"class":117},[44,55058,8292],{"class":58},[44,55060,55061,55063,55065,55067],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,55062,136],{"class":135},[44,55064,121],{"class":58},[44,55066,30383],{"class":117},[44,55068,100],{"class":58},[20,55070,55071],{},"These can help you see:",[169,55073,55074,55077,55080],{},[172,55075,55076],{},"What the variable currently contains",[172,55078,55079],{},"Whether it is really a list",[172,55081,55082],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55084,55085,55086,114],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[270,55087,55088],{"href":53932},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[30,55090,1497],{"id":1496},[338,55092,12355,55094,55096],{"id":55093},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55095,53985],{}," delete the list?",[20,55098,55099],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[338,55101,12355,55103,55105],{"id":55102},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55104,53985],{}," return a new list?",[20,55107,55108,55109,55111],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55110,3428],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[338,55113,4828,55115,898,55117,1547],{"id":55114},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55116,10971],{},[15,55118,54493],{},[20,55120,55121,55123,55124,55126],{},[15,55122,10971],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55125,54493],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[338,55128,27967,55130,55132],{"id":55129},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55131,10971],{}," on other types?",[20,55134,55135,55136,55138],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55137,10971],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[30,55140,1554],{"id":1553},[169,55142,55143,55147,55152,55159,55166,55172],{},[172,55144,55145],{},[270,55146,52407],{"href":54206},[172,55148,55149],{},[270,55150,55151],{"href":54703},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[172,55153,55154],{},[270,55155,55156,55157,1180],{"href":54715},"Python list ",[15,55158,12413],{},[172,55160,55161],{},[270,55162,55156,55163,1180],{"href":54708},[15,55164,55165],{},"remove()",[172,55167,55168],{},[270,55169,55156,55170,1180],{"href":54596},[15,55171,12427],{},[172,55173,55174],{},[270,55175,29987,55176,33274],{"href":53932},[15,55177,55178],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1583,55180,55181],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":55183},[55184,55185,55187,55188,55189,55190,55197,55198,55206,55216],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":54050,"depth":103,"text":55186},"What list.clear() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":54364,"depth":103,"text":55191,"children":55192},"clear() vs assigning []",[55193,55195],{"id":54402,"depth":132,"text":55194},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54490,"depth":132,"text":55196},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12088,"depth":103,"text":12459},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":55199},[55200,55202,55204],{"id":54723,"depth":132,"text":55201},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54863,"depth":132,"text":55203},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54943,"depth":132,"text":55205},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":55207},[55208,55210,55212,55214],{"id":55093,"depth":132,"text":55209},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55102,"depth":132,"text":55211},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55114,"depth":132,"text":55213},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55129,"depth":132,"text":55215},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53972,"description":55217},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55224,"title":55225,"body":55226,"description":56910,"extension":1616,"meta":56911,"navigation":434,"path":56912,"seo":56913,"stem":56914,"__hash__":56915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55227,"toc":56878},[55228,55233,55239,55247,55249,55338,55345,55350,55354,55368,55370,55447,55449,55510,55513,55515,55517,55538,55541,55555,55558,55603,55605,55613,55616,55622,55628,55631,55708,55710,55755,55758,55763,55846,55848,55889,55894,55898,55904,55906,55914,55917,56010,56012,56070,56073,56089,56094,56104,56109,56111,56116,56121,56124,56126,56183,56186,56239,56245,56250,56254,56271,56273,56357,56359,56400,56408,56410,56415,56421,56423,56486,56491,56561,56565,56600,56603,56605,56644,56648,56724,56730,56736,56741,56763,56766,56785,56793,56795,56801,56804,56811,56819,56824,56827,56831,56837,56844,56847,56849,56875],[10,55229,53978,55231,18],{"id":55230},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55232,12427],{},[20,55234,55235,55238],{},[15,55236,55237],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55240,55241,55242,13702,55244,55246],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55243,55],{},[367,55245,881],{}," make a real copy.",[30,55248,33],{"id":32},[35,55250,55252],{"className":37,"code":55251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55253,55254,55274,55289,55293,55308,55312,55325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55255,55256,55258,55260,55262,55264,55266,55268,55270,55272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55257,199],{"class":50},[44,55259,55],{"class":54},[44,55261,3273],{"class":58},[44,55263,1133],{"class":206},[44,55265,72],{"class":58},[44,55267,488],{"class":206},[44,55269,72],{"class":58},[44,55271,524],{"class":206},[44,55273,3286],{"class":58},[44,55275,55276,55279,55281,55283,55285,55287],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55277,55278],{"class":50},"new_numbers ",[44,55280,55],{"class":54},[44,55282,3912],{"class":50},[44,55284,114],{"class":58},[44,55286,12562],{"class":117},[44,55288,8292],{"class":58},[44,55290,55291],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55292,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55294,55295,55298,55300,55302,55304,55306],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,55296,55297],{"class":50},"new_numbers",[44,55299,114],{"class":58},[44,55301,13201],{"class":117},[44,55303,121],{"class":58},[44,55305,1145],{"class":206},[44,55307,100],{"class":58},[44,55309,55310],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,55311,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55313,55314,55316,55318,55320,55322],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,55315,136],{"class":135},[44,55317,121],{"class":58},[44,55319,232],{"class":117},[44,55321,144],{"class":58},[44,55323,55324],{"class":147},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[44,55326,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,55328,136],{"class":135},[44,55330,121],{"class":58},[44,55332,55297],{"class":117},[44,55334,144],{"class":58},[44,55336,55337],{"class":147},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55339,651,55340,55342,55343,114],{},[15,55341,55237],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[367,55344,12501],{},[30,55346,158,55348,161],{"id":55347},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55349,55237],{},[20,55351,55352,1155],{},[15,55353,55237],{},[169,55355,55356,55359,55362,55365],{},[172,55357,55358],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[172,55360,55361],{},"Returns that new list",[172,55363,55364],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[172,55366,55367],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55369,189],{},[35,55371,55373],{"className":37,"code":55372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55374,55375,55407,55422,55426,55436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55376,55377,55379,55381,55383,55385,55387,55389,55391,55393,55395,55397,55399,55401,55403,55405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55378,1200],{"class":50},[44,55380,55],{"class":54},[44,55382,3273],{"class":58},[44,55384,63],{"class":62},[44,55386,1209],{"class":66},[44,55388,63],{"class":62},[44,55390,72],{"class":58},[44,55392,75],{"class":62},[44,55394,1218],{"class":66},[44,55396,63],{"class":62},[44,55398,72],{"class":58},[44,55400,75],{"class":62},[44,55402,1227],{"class":66},[44,55404,63],{"class":62},[44,55406,3286],{"class":58},[44,55408,55409,55412,55414,55416,55418,55420],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55410,55411],{"class":50},"copied_fruits ",[44,55413,55],{"class":54},[44,55415,52487],{"class":50},[44,55417,114],{"class":58},[44,55419,12562],{"class":117},[44,55421,8292],{"class":58},[44,55423,55424],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55425,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55427,55428,55430,55432,55434],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,55429,136],{"class":135},[44,55431,121],{"class":58},[44,55433,1244],{"class":117},[44,55435,100],{"class":58},[44,55437,55438,55440,55442,55445],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,55439,136],{"class":135},[44,55441,121],{"class":58},[44,55443,55444],{"class":117},"copied_fruits",[44,55446,100],{"class":58},[20,55448,247],{},[35,55450,55452],{"className":37,"code":55451,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55453,55454,55482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55455,55456,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468,55470,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55457,1271],{"class":58},[44,55459,2948],{"class":62},[44,55461,1209],{"class":66},[44,55463,2948],{"class":62},[44,55465,72],{"class":58},[44,55467,2943],{"class":62},[44,55469,1218],{"class":66},[44,55471,2948],{"class":62},[44,55473,72],{"class":58},[44,55475,2943],{"class":62},[44,55477,1227],{"class":66},[44,55479,2948],{"class":62},[44,55481,3286],{"class":58},[44,55483,55484,55486,55488,55490,55492,55494,55496,55498,55500,55502,55504,55506,55508],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55485,1271],{"class":58},[44,55487,2948],{"class":62},[44,55489,1209],{"class":66},[44,55491,2948],{"class":62},[44,55493,72],{"class":58},[44,55495,2943],{"class":62},[44,55497,1218],{"class":66},[44,55499,2948],{"class":62},[44,55501,72],{"class":58},[44,55503,2943],{"class":62},[44,55505,1227],{"class":66},[44,55507,2948],{"class":62},[44,55509,3286],{"class":58},[20,55511,55512],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[30,55514,277],{"id":276},[20,55516,1809],{},[35,55518,55520],{"className":37,"code":55519,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55521,55522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55523,55524,55527,55529,55532,55534,55536],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55525,55526],{"class":50},"new_list ",[44,55528,55],{"class":54},[44,55530,55531],{"class":50}," old_list",[44,55533,114],{"class":58},[44,55535,12562],{"class":117},[44,55537,8292],{"class":58},[20,55539,55540],{},"How it works:",[169,55542,55543,55549,55552],{},[172,55544,55545,55546,55548],{},"Call ",[15,55547,12427],{}," on an existing list",[172,55550,55551],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[172,55553,55554],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55556,55557],{},"Example with an empty list:",[35,55559,55561],{"className":37,"code":55560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55562,55563,55572,55588,55592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55564,55565,55568,55570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55566,55567],{"class":50},"empty_list ",[44,55569,55],{"class":54},[44,55571,7487],{"class":58},[44,55573,55574,55577,55579,55582,55584,55586],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55575,55576],{"class":50},"new_empty_list ",[44,55578,55],{"class":54},[44,55580,55581],{"class":50}," empty_list",[44,55583,114],{"class":58},[44,55585,12562],{"class":117},[44,55587,8292],{"class":58},[44,55589,55590],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55591,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55593,55594,55596,55598,55601],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,55595,136],{"class":135},[44,55597,121],{"class":58},[44,55599,55600],{"class":117},"new_empty_list",[44,55602,100],{"class":58},[20,55604,247],{},[35,55606,55607],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,55608,55609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55610,55611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55612,37934],{"class":58},[20,55614,55615],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[30,55617,55619,55620],{"id":55618},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55621,55],{},[20,55623,895,55624,13702,55626,52303],{},[15,55625,55],{},[367,55627,881],{},[20,55629,55630],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[35,55632,55634],{"className":37,"code":55633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55635,55636,55656,55665,55669,55684,55688,55698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55637,55638,55640,55642,55644,55646,55648,55650,55652,55654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55639,199],{"class":50},[44,55641,55],{"class":54},[44,55643,3273],{"class":58},[44,55645,1133],{"class":206},[44,55647,72],{"class":58},[44,55649,488],{"class":206},[44,55651,72],{"class":58},[44,55653,524],{"class":206},[44,55655,3286],{"class":58},[44,55657,55658,55661,55663],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55659,55660],{"class":50},"same_list ",[44,55662,55],{"class":54},[44,55664,43619],{"class":50},[44,55666,55667],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55668,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55670,55671,55674,55676,55678,55680,55682],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,55672,55673],{"class":50},"same_list",[44,55675,114],{"class":58},[44,55677,13201],{"class":117},[44,55679,121],{"class":58},[44,55681,1145],{"class":206},[44,55683,100],{"class":58},[44,55685,55686],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,55687,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55689,55690,55692,55694,55696],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,55691,136],{"class":135},[44,55693,121],{"class":58},[44,55695,232],{"class":117},[44,55697,100],{"class":58},[44,55699,55700,55702,55704,55706],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,55701,136],{"class":135},[44,55703,121],{"class":58},[44,55705,55673],{"class":117},[44,55707,100],{"class":58},[20,55709,247],{},[35,55711,55713],{"className":37,"code":55712,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55714,55715,55735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55716,55717,55719,55721,55723,55725,55727,55729,55731,55733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55718,1271],{"class":58},[44,55720,1133],{"class":206},[44,55722,72],{"class":58},[44,55724,488],{"class":206},[44,55726,72],{"class":58},[44,55728,524],{"class":206},[44,55730,72],{"class":58},[44,55732,1114],{"class":206},[44,55734,3286],{"class":58},[44,55736,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747,55749,55751,55753],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55738,1271],{"class":58},[44,55740,1133],{"class":206},[44,55742,72],{"class":58},[44,55744,488],{"class":206},[44,55746,72],{"class":58},[44,55748,524],{"class":206},[44,55750,72],{"class":58},[44,55752,1114],{"class":206},[44,55754,3286],{"class":58},[20,55756,55757],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55759,55760,55761,1155],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55762,12427],{},[35,55764,55766],{"className":37,"code":55765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55767,55768,55788,55803,55807,55822,55826,55836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55769,55770,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780,55782,55784,55786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55771,199],{"class":50},[44,55773,55],{"class":54},[44,55775,3273],{"class":58},[44,55777,1133],{"class":206},[44,55779,72],{"class":58},[44,55781,488],{"class":206},[44,55783,72],{"class":58},[44,55785,524],{"class":206},[44,55787,3286],{"class":58},[44,55789,55790,55793,55795,55797,55799,55801],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55791,55792],{"class":50},"copied_numbers ",[44,55794,55],{"class":54},[44,55796,3912],{"class":50},[44,55798,114],{"class":58},[44,55800,12562],{"class":117},[44,55802,8292],{"class":58},[44,55804,55805],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55806,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55808,55809,55812,55814,55816,55818,55820],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,55810,55811],{"class":50},"copied_numbers",[44,55813,114],{"class":58},[44,55815,13201],{"class":117},[44,55817,121],{"class":58},[44,55819,1145],{"class":206},[44,55821,100],{"class":58},[44,55823,55824],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,55825,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55827,55828,55830,55832,55834],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,55829,136],{"class":135},[44,55831,121],{"class":58},[44,55833,232],{"class":117},[44,55835,100],{"class":58},[44,55837,55838,55840,55842,55844],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,55839,136],{"class":135},[44,55841,121],{"class":58},[44,55843,55811],{"class":117},[44,55845,100],{"class":58},[20,55847,247],{},[35,55849,55851],{"className":37,"code":55850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55852,55853,55869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55854,55855,55857,55859,55861,55863,55865,55867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55856,1271],{"class":58},[44,55858,1133],{"class":206},[44,55860,72],{"class":58},[44,55862,488],{"class":206},[44,55864,72],{"class":58},[44,55866,524],{"class":206},[44,55868,3286],{"class":58},[44,55870,55871,55873,55875,55877,55879,55881,55883,55885,55887],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55872,1271],{"class":58},[44,55874,1133],{"class":206},[44,55876,72],{"class":58},[44,55878,488],{"class":206},[44,55880,72],{"class":58},[44,55882,524],{"class":206},[44,55884,72],{"class":58},[44,55886,1114],{"class":206},[44,55888,3286],{"class":58},[20,55890,55891,55892,114],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[270,55893,52407],{"href":50615},[30,55895,55897],{"id":55896},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55899,55900,12498,55902,114],{},[15,55901,55237],{},[367,55903,12501],{},[20,55905,1758],{},[169,55907,55908,55911],{},[172,55909,55910],{},"The outer list is new",[172,55912,55913],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55915,55916],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[35,55918,55920],{"className":37,"code":55919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55921,55922,55949,55963,55967,55986,55990,56000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,55923,55924,55926,55928,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941,55943,55945,55947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,55925,11736],{"class":50},[44,55927,55],{"class":54},[44,55929,55930],{"class":58}," [[",[44,55932,1133],{"class":206},[44,55934,72],{"class":58},[44,55936,488],{"class":206},[44,55938,17705],{"class":58},[44,55940,3273],{"class":58},[44,55942,1141],{"class":206},[44,55944,72],{"class":58},[44,55946,1114],{"class":206},[44,55948,52878],{"class":58},[44,55950,55951,55953,55955,55957,55959,55961],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,55952,13960],{"class":50},[44,55954,55],{"class":54},[44,55956,11811],{"class":50},[44,55958,114],{"class":58},[44,55960,12562],{"class":117},[44,55962,8292],{"class":58},[44,55964,55965],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,55966,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55968,55969,55971,55973,55975,55977,55979,55981,55984],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,55970,13979],{"class":50},[44,55972,1271],{"class":58},[44,55974,186],{"class":206},[44,55976,13198],{"class":58},[44,55978,13201],{"class":117},[44,55980,121],{"class":58},[44,55982,55983],{"class":206},"99",[44,55985,100],{"class":58},[44,55987,55988],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,55989,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,55991,55992,55994,55996,55998],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,55993,136],{"class":135},[44,55995,121],{"class":58},[44,55997,11783],{"class":117},[44,55999,100],{"class":58},[44,56001,56002,56004,56006,56008],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,56003,136],{"class":135},[44,56005,121],{"class":58},[44,56007,13979],{"class":117},[44,56009,100],{"class":58},[20,56011,247],{},[35,56013,56015],{"className":37,"code":56014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56016,56017,56044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56018,56019,56022,56024,56026,56028,56030,56032,56034,56036,56038,56040,56042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56020,56021],{"class":58},"[[",[44,56023,1133],{"class":206},[44,56025,72],{"class":58},[44,56027,488],{"class":206},[44,56029,72],{"class":58},[44,56031,9847],{"class":206},[44,56033,17705],{"class":58},[44,56035,3273],{"class":58},[44,56037,1141],{"class":206},[44,56039,72],{"class":58},[44,56041,1114],{"class":206},[44,56043,52878],{"class":58},[44,56045,56046,56048,56050,56052,56054,56056,56058,56060,56062,56064,56066,56068],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56047,56021],{"class":58},[44,56049,1133],{"class":206},[44,56051,72],{"class":58},[44,56053,488],{"class":206},[44,56055,72],{"class":58},[44,56057,9847],{"class":206},[44,56059,17705],{"class":58},[44,56061,3273],{"class":58},[44,56063,1141],{"class":206},[44,56065,72],{"class":58},[44,56067,1114],{"class":206},[44,56069,52878],{"class":58},[20,56071,56072],{},"Why did both change?",[169,56074,56075,56082],{},[172,56076,56077,898,56079,56081],{},[15,56078,11783],{},[15,56080,13979],{}," are different outer lists",[172,56083,56084,56085,56088],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56086,56087],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56090,53289,56091,56093],{},[15,56092,12427],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[169,56095,56096,56099,56102],{},[172,56097,56098],{},"Numbers",[172,56100,56101],{},"Strings",[172,56103,40232],{},[20,56105,56106,56107,114],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[270,56108,13439],{"href":13438},[30,56110,17063],{"id":17062},[20,56112,56113,56115],{},[15,56114,55237],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56117,40542,56118,56120],{},[367,56119,881],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56122,56123],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56125,16303],{},[35,56127,56129],{"className":37,"code":56128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56130,56131,56155,56169,56173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56132,56133,56135,56137,56139,56141,56143,56145,56147,56149,56151,56153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56134,51],{"class":50},[44,56136,55],{"class":54},[44,56138,3273],{"class":58},[44,56140,63],{"class":62},[44,56142,67],{"class":66},[44,56144,63],{"class":62},[44,56146,72],{"class":58},[44,56148,75],{"class":62},[44,56150,78],{"class":66},[44,56152,63],{"class":62},[44,56154,3286],{"class":58},[44,56156,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56158,12767],{"class":50},[44,56160,55],{"class":54},[44,56162,111],{"class":50},[44,56164,114],{"class":58},[44,56166,12562],{"class":117},[44,56168,8292],{"class":58},[44,56170,56171],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56172,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56174,56175,56177,56179,56181],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,56176,136],{"class":135},[44,56178,121],{"class":58},[44,56180,12790],{"class":117},[44,56182,100],{"class":58},[20,56184,56185],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[35,56187,56189],{"className":37,"code":56188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56190,56191,56215,56225,56229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56192,56193,56195,56197,56199,56201,56203,56205,56207,56209,56211,56213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56194,51],{"class":50},[44,56196,55],{"class":54},[44,56198,3273],{"class":58},[44,56200,63],{"class":62},[44,56202,67],{"class":66},[44,56204,63],{"class":62},[44,56206,72],{"class":58},[44,56208,75],{"class":62},[44,56210,78],{"class":66},[44,56212,63],{"class":62},[44,56214,3286],{"class":58},[44,56216,56217,56219,56221,56223],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56218,734],{"class":50},[44,56220,114],{"class":58},[44,56222,12562],{"class":117},[44,56224,8292],{"class":58},[44,56226,56227],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56228,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56230,56231,56233,56235,56237],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,56232,136],{"class":135},[44,56234,121],{"class":58},[44,56236,734],{"class":117},[44,56238,100],{"class":58},[20,56240,56241,56242,56244],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56243,12427],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[30,56246,4609,56248],{"id":56247},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56249,55237],{},[20,56251,651,56252,654],{},[15,56253,55237],{},[169,56255,56256,56259,56262,56265],{},[172,56257,56258],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[172,56260,56261],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[172,56263,56264],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[172,56266,56267,56268],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56269,56270],{},"[:]",[20,56272,189],{},[35,56274,56276],{"className":37,"code":56275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56277,56278,56298,56313,56317,56332,56336,56346],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56279,56280,56282,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292,56294,56296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56281,4712],{"class":50},[44,56283,55],{"class":54},[44,56285,3273],{"class":58},[44,56287,207],{"class":206},[44,56289,72],{"class":58},[44,56291,212],{"class":206},[44,56293,72],{"class":58},[44,56295,217],{"class":206},[44,56297,3286],{"class":58},[44,56299,56300,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56301,56302],{"class":50},"backup_scores ",[44,56304,55],{"class":54},[44,56306,4759],{"class":50},[44,56308,114],{"class":58},[44,56310,12562],{"class":117},[44,56312,8292],{"class":58},[44,56314,56315],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56316,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56318,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56330],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,56320,16036],{"class":50},[44,56322,114],{"class":58},[44,56324,13201],{"class":117},[44,56326,121],{"class":58},[44,56328,56329],{"class":206},"40",[44,56331,100],{"class":58},[44,56333,56334],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,56335,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56337,56338,56340,56342,56344],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,56339,136],{"class":135},[44,56341,121],{"class":58},[44,56343,16036],{"class":117},[44,56345,100],{"class":58},[44,56347,56348,56350,56352,56355],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,56349,136],{"class":135},[44,56351,121],{"class":58},[44,56353,56354],{"class":117},"backup_scores",[44,56356,100],{"class":58},[20,56358,247],{},[35,56360,56362],{"className":37,"code":56361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56363,56364,56384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56365,56366,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56367,1271],{"class":58},[44,56369,207],{"class":206},[44,56371,72],{"class":58},[44,56373,212],{"class":206},[44,56375,72],{"class":58},[44,56377,217],{"class":206},[44,56379,72],{"class":58},[44,56381,50482],{"class":206},[44,56383,3286],{"class":58},[44,56385,56386,56388,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56387,1271],{"class":58},[44,56389,207],{"class":206},[44,56391,72],{"class":58},[44,56393,212],{"class":206},[44,56395,72],{"class":58},[44,56397,217],{"class":206},[44,56399,3286],{"class":58},[20,56401,56402,56403,114],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[270,56404,55156,56406,1180],{"href":56405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56407,52289],{},[30,56409,4168],{"id":4167},[20,56411,56412,56413,114],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56414,55237],{},[338,56416,895,56418,56420],{"id":56417},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56419,55],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56422,38836],{},[35,56424,56426],{"className":37,"code":56425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56427,56428,56448,56456,56470,56474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56429,56430,56432,56434,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444,56446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56431,2198],{"class":50},[44,56433,55],{"class":54},[44,56435,3273],{"class":58},[44,56437,1133],{"class":206},[44,56439,72],{"class":58},[44,56441,488],{"class":206},[44,56443,72],{"class":58},[44,56445,524],{"class":206},[44,56447,3286],{"class":58},[44,56449,56450,56452,56454],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56451,2226],{"class":50},[44,56453,55],{"class":54},[44,56455,35814],{"class":50},[44,56457,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56459,399],{"class":50},[44,56461,114],{"class":58},[44,56463,13201],{"class":117},[44,56465,121],{"class":58},[44,56467,1145],{"class":206},[44,56469,100],{"class":58},[44,56471,56472],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,56473,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56475,56476,56478,56480,56482,56484],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,56477,136],{"class":135},[44,56479,121],{"class":58},[44,56481,270],{"class":117},[44,56483,144],{"class":58},[44,56485,55337],{"class":147},[20,56487,56488,56489,6280],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56490,12427],{},[35,56492,56494],{"className":37,"code":56493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56495,56496,56516,56531,56545,56549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508,56510,56512,56514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56499,2198],{"class":50},[44,56501,55],{"class":54},[44,56503,3273],{"class":58},[44,56505,1133],{"class":206},[44,56507,72],{"class":58},[44,56509,488],{"class":206},[44,56511,72],{"class":58},[44,56513,524],{"class":206},[44,56515,3286],{"class":58},[44,56517,56518,56520,56522,56525,56527,56529],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56519,2226],{"class":50},[44,56521,55],{"class":54},[44,56523,56524],{"class":50}," a",[44,56526,114],{"class":58},[44,56528,12562],{"class":117},[44,56530,8292],{"class":58},[44,56532,56533,56535,56537,56539,56541,56543],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56534,399],{"class":50},[44,56536,114],{"class":58},[44,56538,13201],{"class":117},[44,56540,121],{"class":58},[44,56542,1145],{"class":206},[44,56544,100],{"class":58},[44,56546,56547],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,56548,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56550,56551,56553,56555,56557,56559],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,56552,136],{"class":135},[44,56554,121],{"class":58},[44,56556,270],{"class":117},[44,56558,144],{"class":58},[44,56560,54568],{"class":147},[338,56562,56564],{"id":56563},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[35,56566,56568],{"className":37,"code":56567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56569,56570,56590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56573,199],{"class":50},[44,56575,55],{"class":54},[44,56577,3273],{"class":58},[44,56579,1133],{"class":206},[44,56581,72],{"class":58},[44,56583,488],{"class":206},[44,56585,72],{"class":58},[44,56587,524],{"class":206},[44,56589,3286],{"class":58},[44,56591,56592,56594,56596,56598],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56593,232],{"class":50},[44,56595,114],{"class":58},[44,56597,12562],{"class":117},[44,56599,8292],{"class":58},[20,56601,56602],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56604,38899],{},[35,56606,56608],{"className":37,"code":56607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56609,56610,56630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56611,56612,56614,56616,56618,56620,56622,56624,56626,56628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56613,199],{"class":50},[44,56615,55],{"class":54},[44,56617,3273],{"class":58},[44,56619,1133],{"class":206},[44,56621,72],{"class":58},[44,56623,488],{"class":206},[44,56625,72],{"class":58},[44,56627,524],{"class":206},[44,56629,3286],{"class":58},[44,56631,56632,56634,56636,56638,56640,56642],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56633,55792],{"class":50},[44,56635,55],{"class":54},[44,56637,3912],{"class":50},[44,56639,114],{"class":58},[44,56641,12562],{"class":117},[44,56643,8292],{"class":58},[338,56645,56647],{"id":56646},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[35,56649,56651],{"className":37,"code":56650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56652,56653,56671,56685,56689,56707,56711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56654,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665,56667,56669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56656,2198],{"class":50},[44,56658,55],{"class":54},[44,56660,55930],{"class":58},[44,56662,1133],{"class":206},[44,56664,17705],{"class":58},[44,56666,3273],{"class":58},[44,56668,1137],{"class":206},[44,56670,52878],{"class":58},[44,56672,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681,56683],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56674,2226],{"class":50},[44,56676,55],{"class":54},[44,56678,56524],{"class":50},[44,56680,114],{"class":58},[44,56682,12562],{"class":117},[44,56684,8292],{"class":58},[44,56686,56687],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,56688,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56690,56691,56693,56695,56697,56699,56701,56703,56705],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,56692,399],{"class":50},[44,56694,1271],{"class":58},[44,56696,186],{"class":206},[44,56698,13198],{"class":58},[44,56700,13201],{"class":117},[44,56702,121],{"class":58},[44,56704,55983],{"class":206},[44,56706,100],{"class":58},[44,56708,56709],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,56710,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,56712,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,56714,136],{"class":135},[44,56716,121],{"class":58},[44,56718,270],{"class":117},[44,56720,144],{"class":58},[44,56722,56723],{"class":147},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56725,56726,56727,56729],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56728,55237],{}," is shallow.",[338,56731,25256,56733,56735],{"id":56732},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56734,12427],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56737,56738,56740],{},[15,56739,12427],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[35,56742,56744],{"className":37,"code":56743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56745,56746,56758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56747,56748,56750,56752,56754,56756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56749,7525],{"class":50},[44,56751,55],{"class":54},[44,56753,75],{"class":62},[44,56755,4652],{"class":66},[44,56757,3007],{"class":62},[44,56759,56760],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56761,56762],{"class":147},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56764,56765],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[35,56767,56769],{"className":37,"code":56768,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56770,56771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56772,56773,56775,56777,56779,56781,56783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56774,136],{"class":135},[44,56776,121],{"class":58},[44,56778,2868],{"class":2546},[44,56780,121],{"class":58},[44,56782,7318],{"class":117},[44,56784,244],{"class":58},[20,56786,56787,56788,56792],{},"You can also review ",[270,56789,56791],{"href":56790},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[30,56794,1497],{"id":1496},[338,56796,12355,56798,56800],{"id":56797},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56799,55237],{}," change the original list?",[20,56802,56803],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[338,56805,4828,56807,898,56809,1547],{"id":56806},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56808,55237],{},[15,56810,55],{},[20,56812,56813,56815,56816,56818],{},[15,56814,12427],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56817,55],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[338,56820,1540,56822,14554],{"id":56821},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56823,55237],{},[20,56825,56826],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[338,56828,56830],{"id":56829},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56832,41788,56833,56836],{},[15,56834,56835],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[338,56838,1540,56840,1543,56842,1547],{"id":56839},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56841,55237],{},[15,56843,56270],{},[20,56845,56846],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[30,56848,1554],{"id":1553},[169,56850,56851,56856,56860,56865,56871],{},[172,56852,56853],{},[270,56854,14613],{"href":56855},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[172,56857,56858],{},[270,56859,52407],{"href":50615},[172,56861,56862],{},[270,56863,56864],{"href":56790},"Creating a list in Python",[172,56866,56867],{},[270,56868,55156,56869,1180],{"href":56405},[15,56870,52289],{},[172,56872,56873],{},[270,56874,13439],{"href":13438},[1583,56876,56877],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":56879},[56880,56881,56883,56884,56886,56887,56888,56890,56898,56909],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":55347,"depth":103,"text":56882},"What list.copy() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":55618,"depth":103,"text":56885},"Why not use =",{"id":55896,"depth":103,"text":55897},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":56247,"depth":103,"text":56889},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":56891},[56892,56894,56895,56896],{"id":56417,"depth":132,"text":56893},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56563,"depth":132,"text":56564},{"id":56646,"depth":132,"text":56647},{"id":56732,"depth":132,"text":56897},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":56899},[56900,56902,56904,56906,56907],{"id":56797,"depth":132,"text":56901},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56806,"depth":132,"text":56903},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56821,"depth":132,"text":56905},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56829,"depth":132,"text":56830},{"id":56839,"depth":132,"text":56908},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55225,"description":56910},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56917,"title":56918,"body":56919,"description":58657,"extension":1616,"meta":58658,"navigation":434,"path":58659,"seo":58660,"stem":58661,"__hash__":58662},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56920,"toc":58616},[56921,56926,56932,56935,56946,56949,56951,57014,57020,57025,57029,57043,57046,57051,57056,57058,57060,57079,57091,57093,57160,57162,57170,57175,57177,57185,57188,57205,57207,57331,57342,57346,57351,57354,57356,57374,57378,57464,57473,57481,57550,57552,57555,57567,57572,57576,57647,57650,57654,57658,57723,57725,57733,57737,57818,57820,57828,57832,57893,57895,57903,57907,57994,57996,58004,58009,58014,58017,58028,58030,58115,58120,58129,58131,58135,58139,58144,58206,58210,58218,58224,58233,58238,58287,58290,58311,58315,58377,58384,58389,58392,58479,58482,58493,58496,58516,58518,58524,58527,58531,58535,58541,58544,58550,58557,58565,58576,58578,58613],[10,56922,53978,56924,18],{"id":56923},"python-list-count-method",[15,56925,1179],{},[20,56927,56928,56931],{},[15,56929,56930],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56933,56934],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[169,56936,56937,56940,56943],{},[172,56938,56939],{},"count one specific item",[172,56941,56942],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[172,56944,56945],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56947,56948],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[30,56950,3259],{"id":3258},[35,56952,56954],{"className":37,"code":56953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56955,56956,56984,57002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,56957,56958,56960,56962,56964,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974,56976,56978,56980,56982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,56959,199],{"class":50},[44,56961,55],{"class":54},[44,56963,3273],{"class":58},[44,56965,1133],{"class":206},[44,56967,72],{"class":58},[44,56969,488],{"class":206},[44,56971,72],{"class":58},[44,56973,488],{"class":206},[44,56975,72],{"class":58},[44,56977,524],{"class":206},[44,56979,72],{"class":58},[44,56981,488],{"class":206},[44,56983,3286],{"class":58},[44,56985,56986,56988,56990,56992,56994,56996,56998,57000],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,56987,604],{"class":50},[44,56989,55],{"class":54},[44,56991,3912],{"class":50},[44,56993,114],{"class":58},[44,56995,1401],{"class":117},[44,56997,121],{"class":58},[44,56999,1137],{"class":206},[44,57001,100],{"class":58},[44,57003,57004,57006,57008,57010,57012],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57005,136],{"class":135},[44,57007,121],{"class":58},[44,57009,632],{"class":117},[44,57011,144],{"class":58},[44,57013,50409],{"class":147},[20,57015,651,57016,57019],{},[15,57017,57018],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[30,57021,158,57023,161],{"id":57022},"what-listcount-does",[15,57024,56930],{},[20,57026,57027,1155],{},[15,57028,56930],{},[169,57030,57031,57034,57037,57040],{},[172,57032,57033],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[172,57035,57036],{},"returns an integer",[172,57038,57039],{},"does not change the original list",[172,57041,57042],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57044,57045],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57047,57048,57049,114],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57050,1141],{},[20,57052,57053,57054,114],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57055,186],{},[30,57057,277],{"id":276},[20,57059,1809],{},[35,57061,57063],{"className":37,"code":57062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57064,57065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57066,57067,57069,57071,57073,57075,57077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57068,7988],{"class":50},[44,57070,114],{"class":58},[44,57072,1401],{"class":117},[44,57074,121],{"class":58},[44,57076,302],{"class":117},[44,57078,100],{"class":58},[169,57080,57081,57086],{},[172,57082,57083,57085],{},[15,57084,7988],{}," is the list you want to search",[172,57087,57088,57090],{},[15,57089,302],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57092,189],{},[35,57094,57096],{"className":37,"code":57095,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57097,57098,57138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57099,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126,57128,57130,57132,57134,57136],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57101,382],{"class":50},[44,57103,55],{"class":54},[44,57105,3273],{"class":58},[44,57107,63],{"class":62},[44,57109,270],{"class":66},[44,57111,63],{"class":62},[44,57113,72],{"class":58},[44,57115,75],{"class":62},[44,57117,399],{"class":66},[44,57119,63],{"class":62},[44,57121,72],{"class":58},[44,57123,75],{"class":62},[44,57125,270],{"class":66},[44,57127,63],{"class":62},[44,57129,72],{"class":58},[44,57131,75],{"class":62},[44,57133,408],{"class":66},[44,57135,63],{"class":62},[44,57137,3286],{"class":58},[44,57139,57140,57142,57144,57146,57148,57150,57152,57154,57156,57158],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57141,136],{"class":135},[44,57143,121],{"class":58},[44,57145,444],{"class":117},[44,57147,114],{"class":58},[44,57149,1401],{"class":117},[44,57151,121],{"class":58},[44,57153,63],{"class":62},[44,57155,270],{"class":66},[44,57157,63],{"class":62},[44,57159,244],{"class":58},[20,57161,247],{},[35,57163,57164],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57165,57166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57167,57168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57169,1121],{"class":206},[20,57171,57172,57173,114],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57174,186],{},[30,57176,37657],{"id":37656},[20,57178,57179,57180,57182,57183,114],{},"The return value from ",[15,57181,1179],{}," is always an ",[15,57184,1837],{},[20,57186,57187],{},"Possible results:",[169,57189,57190,57195,57200],{},[172,57191,57192,57194],{},[15,57193,186],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[172,57196,57197,57199],{},[15,57198,1133],{}," if it appears once",[172,57201,57202,57204],{},[15,57203,1137],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57206,189],{},[35,57208,57210],{"className":37,"code":57209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57211,57212,57252,57256,57281,57306],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57213,57214,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240,57242,57244,57246,57248,57250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57215,51],{"class":50},[44,57217,55],{"class":54},[44,57219,3273],{"class":58},[44,57221,63],{"class":62},[44,57223,67],{"class":66},[44,57225,63],{"class":62},[44,57227,72],{"class":58},[44,57229,75],{"class":62},[44,57231,78],{"class":66},[44,57233,63],{"class":62},[44,57235,72],{"class":58},[44,57237,75],{"class":62},[44,57239,87],{"class":66},[44,57241,63],{"class":62},[44,57243,72],{"class":58},[44,57245,75],{"class":62},[44,57247,78],{"class":66},[44,57249,63],{"class":62},[44,57251,3286],{"class":58},[44,57253,57254],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57255,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,57257,57258,57260,57262,57264,57266,57268,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57259,136],{"class":135},[44,57261,121],{"class":58},[44,57263,734],{"class":117},[44,57265,114],{"class":58},[44,57267,1401],{"class":117},[44,57269,121],{"class":58},[44,57271,63],{"class":62},[44,57273,78],{"class":66},[44,57275,63],{"class":62},[44,57277,459],{"class":58},[44,57279,57280],{"class":147},"   # 2\n",[44,57282,57283,57285,57287,57289,57291,57293,57295,57297,57299,57301,57303],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,57284,136],{"class":135},[44,57286,121],{"class":58},[44,57288,734],{"class":117},[44,57290,114],{"class":58},[44,57292,1401],{"class":117},[44,57294,121],{"class":58},[44,57296,63],{"class":62},[44,57298,67],{"class":66},[44,57300,63],{"class":62},[44,57302,459],{"class":58},[44,57304,57305],{"class":147},"    # 1\n",[44,57307,57308,57310,57312,57314,57316,57318,57320,57322,57324,57326,57328],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,57309,136],{"class":135},[44,57311,121],{"class":58},[44,57313,734],{"class":117},[44,57315,114],{"class":58},[44,57317,1401],{"class":117},[44,57319,121],{"class":58},[44,57321,63],{"class":62},[44,57323,745],{"class":66},[44,57325,63],{"class":62},[44,57327,459],{"class":58},[44,57329,57330],{"class":147}," # 0\n",[20,57332,57333,57334,57336,57337,57339,57340,114],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57335,1179],{}," works, but using ",[15,57338,1383],{}," is often simpler. See ",[270,57341,5846],{"href":5845},[30,57343,57345],{"id":57344},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57347,57348,57350],{},[15,57349,56930],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57352,57353],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57355,43287],{},[169,57357,57358,57361,57364,57371],{},[172,57359,57360],{},"matches are based on equality",[172,57362,57363],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[172,57365,57366,898,57368,57370],{},[15,57367,1133],{},[15,57369,3254],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[172,57372,57373],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[338,57375,57377],{"id":57376},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[35,57379,57381],{"className":37,"code":57380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57382,57383,57416,57440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57384,57385,57387,57389,57391,57393,57395,57397,57399,57401,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57386,3720],{"class":50},[44,57388,55],{"class":54},[44,57390,3273],{"class":58},[44,57392,63],{"class":62},[44,57394,1209],{"class":66},[44,57396,63],{"class":62},[44,57398,72],{"class":58},[44,57400,75],{"class":62},[44,57402,57403],{"class":66},"Apple",[44,57405,63],{"class":62},[44,57407,72],{"class":58},[44,57409,75],{"class":62},[44,57411,1209],{"class":66},[44,57413,63],{"class":62},[44,57415,3286],{"class":58},[44,57417,57418,57420,57422,57424,57426,57428,57430,57432,57434,57436,57438],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57419,136],{"class":135},[44,57421,121],{"class":58},[44,57423,3762],{"class":117},[44,57425,114],{"class":58},[44,57427,1401],{"class":117},[44,57429,121],{"class":58},[44,57431,63],{"class":62},[44,57433,1209],{"class":66},[44,57435,63],{"class":62},[44,57437,459],{"class":58},[44,57439,51051],{"class":147},[44,57441,57442,57444,57446,57448,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57443,136],{"class":135},[44,57445,121],{"class":58},[44,57447,3762],{"class":117},[44,57449,114],{"class":58},[44,57451,1401],{"class":117},[44,57453,121],{"class":58},[44,57455,63],{"class":62},[44,57457,57403],{"class":66},[44,57459,63],{"class":62},[44,57461,459],{"class":58},[44,57463,148],{"class":147},[20,57465,57466,898,57469,57472],{},[15,57467,57468],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57470,57471],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[338,57474,57476,898,57478,57480],{"id":57475},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57477,1133],{},[15,57479,3254],{}," can match",[35,57482,57484],{"className":37,"code":57483,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57485,57486,57510,57530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57487,57488,57490,57492,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57489,922],{"class":50},[44,57491,55],{"class":54},[44,57493,3273],{"class":58},[44,57495,1133],{"class":206},[44,57497,72],{"class":58},[44,57499,3565],{"class":3502},[44,57501,72],{"class":58},[44,57503,488],{"class":206},[44,57505,72],{"class":58},[44,57507,519],{"class":206},[44,57509,3286],{"class":58},[44,57511,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522,57524,57526,57528],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57513,136],{"class":135},[44,57515,121],{"class":58},[44,57517,962],{"class":117},[44,57519,114],{"class":58},[44,57521,1401],{"class":117},[44,57523,121],{"class":58},[44,57525,1133],{"class":206},[44,57527,459],{"class":58},[44,57529,493],{"class":147},[44,57531,57532,57534,57536,57538,57540,57542,57544,57546,57548],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57533,136],{"class":135},[44,57535,121],{"class":58},[44,57537,962],{"class":117},[44,57539,114],{"class":58},[44,57541,1401],{"class":117},[44,57543,121],{"class":58},[44,57545,3254],{"class":3502},[44,57547,459],{"class":58},[44,57549,50409],{"class":147},[20,57551,4059],{},[20,57553,57554],{},"In Python:",[169,57556,57557,57562],{},[172,57558,57559],{},[15,57560,57561],{},"True == 1",[172,57563,57564],{},[15,57565,57566],{},"False == 0",[20,57568,53289,57569,57571],{},[15,57570,1179],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[338,57573,57575],{"id":57574},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[35,57577,57579],{"className":37,"code":57578,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57580,57581,57623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57582,57583,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607,57609,57611,57613,57615,57617,57619,57621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57584,7429],{"class":50},[44,57586,55],{"class":54},[44,57588,55930],{"class":58},[44,57590,1133],{"class":206},[44,57592,72],{"class":58},[44,57594,488],{"class":206},[44,57596,17705],{"class":58},[44,57598,3273],{"class":58},[44,57600,1141],{"class":206},[44,57602,72],{"class":58},[44,57604,1114],{"class":206},[44,57606,17705],{"class":58},[44,57608,3273],{"class":58},[44,57610,1133],{"class":206},[44,57612,72],{"class":58},[44,57614,488],{"class":206},[44,57616,17705],{"class":58},[44,57618,3273],{"class":58},[44,57620,1133],{"class":206},[44,57622,52878],{"class":58},[44,57624,57625,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57626,136],{"class":135},[44,57628,121],{"class":58},[44,57630,7458],{"class":117},[44,57632,114],{"class":58},[44,57634,1401],{"class":117},[44,57636,2631],{"class":58},[44,57638,1133],{"class":206},[44,57640,72],{"class":58},[44,57642,488],{"class":206},[44,57644,4384],{"class":58},[44,57646,51051],{"class":147},[20,57648,57649],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[30,57651,57653],{"id":57652},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[338,57655,57657],{"id":57656},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[35,57659,57661],{"className":37,"code":57660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57662,57663,57691,57709,57713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57664,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57666,199],{"class":50},[44,57668,55],{"class":54},[44,57670,3273],{"class":58},[44,57672,207],{"class":206},[44,57674,72],{"class":58},[44,57676,212],{"class":206},[44,57678,72],{"class":58},[44,57680,934],{"class":206},[44,57682,72],{"class":58},[44,57684,217],{"class":206},[44,57686,72],{"class":58},[44,57688,934],{"class":206},[44,57690,3286],{"class":58},[44,57692,57693,57695,57697,57699,57701,57703,57705,57707],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57694,604],{"class":50},[44,57696,55],{"class":54},[44,57698,3912],{"class":50},[44,57700,114],{"class":58},[44,57702,1401],{"class":117},[44,57704,121],{"class":58},[44,57706,207],{"class":206},[44,57708,100],{"class":58},[44,57710,57711],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57712,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,57714,57715,57717,57719,57721],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,57716,136],{"class":135},[44,57718,121],{"class":58},[44,57720,632],{"class":117},[44,57722,100],{"class":58},[20,57724,247],{},[35,57726,57727],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57728,57729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57730,57731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57732,46255],{"class":206},[338,57734,57736],{"id":57735},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[35,57738,57740],{"className":37,"code":57739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57741,57742,57782,57804,57808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57743,57744,57746,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766,57768,57770,57772,57774,57776,57778,57780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57745,3720],{"class":50},[44,57747,55],{"class":54},[44,57749,3273],{"class":58},[44,57751,63],{"class":62},[44,57753,569],{"class":66},[44,57755,63],{"class":62},[44,57757,72],{"class":58},[44,57759,75],{"class":62},[44,57761,578],{"class":66},[44,57763,63],{"class":62},[44,57765,72],{"class":58},[44,57767,75],{"class":62},[44,57769,569],{"class":66},[44,57771,63],{"class":62},[44,57773,72],{"class":58},[44,57775,75],{"class":62},[44,57777,587],{"class":66},[44,57779,63],{"class":62},[44,57781,3286],{"class":58},[44,57783,57784,57786,57788,57790,57792,57794,57796,57798,57800,57802],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57785,604],{"class":50},[44,57787,55],{"class":54},[44,57789,5816],{"class":50},[44,57791,114],{"class":58},[44,57793,1401],{"class":117},[44,57795,121],{"class":58},[44,57797,63],{"class":62},[44,57799,569],{"class":66},[44,57801,63],{"class":62},[44,57803,100],{"class":58},[44,57805,57806],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57807,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,57809,57810,57812,57814,57816],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,57811,136],{"class":135},[44,57813,121],{"class":58},[44,57815,632],{"class":117},[44,57817,100],{"class":58},[20,57819,247],{},[35,57821,57822],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57823,57824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57825,57826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57827,1121],{"class":206},[338,57829,57831],{"id":57830},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[35,57833,57835],{"className":37,"code":57834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57836,57837,57861,57879,57883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57838,57839,57841,57843,57845,57847,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57840,199],{"class":50},[44,57842,55],{"class":54},[44,57844,3273],{"class":58},[44,57846,1133],{"class":206},[44,57848,72],{"class":58},[44,57850,488],{"class":206},[44,57852,72],{"class":58},[44,57854,524],{"class":206},[44,57856,72],{"class":58},[44,57858,1114],{"class":206},[44,57860,3286],{"class":58},[44,57862,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57864,604],{"class":50},[44,57866,55],{"class":54},[44,57868,3912],{"class":50},[44,57870,114],{"class":58},[44,57872,1401],{"class":117},[44,57874,121],{"class":58},[44,57876,929],{"class":206},[44,57878,100],{"class":58},[44,57880,57881],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57882,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,57884,57885,57887,57889,57891],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,57886,136],{"class":135},[44,57888,121],{"class":58},[44,57890,632],{"class":117},[44,57892,100],{"class":58},[20,57894,247],{},[35,57896,57897],{"className":37,"code":46889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57898,57899],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57900,57901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57902,46889],{"class":206},[338,57904,57906],{"id":57905},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[35,57908,57910],{"className":37,"code":57909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57911,57912,57958,57980,57984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,57913,57914,57916,57918,57920,57922,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942,57944,57946,57948,57950,57952,57954,57956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,57915,8816],{"class":50},[44,57917,55],{"class":54},[44,57919,55930],{"class":58},[44,57921,1133],{"class":206},[44,57923,72],{"class":58},[44,57925,488],{"class":206},[44,57927,17705],{"class":58},[44,57929,3273],{"class":58},[44,57931,1133],{"class":206},[44,57933,72],{"class":58},[44,57935,488],{"class":206},[44,57937,17705],{"class":58},[44,57939,3273],{"class":58},[44,57941,1137],{"class":206},[44,57943,72],{"class":58},[44,57945,524],{"class":206},[44,57947,17705],{"class":58},[44,57949,3273],{"class":58},[44,57951,1133],{"class":206},[44,57953,72],{"class":58},[44,57955,488],{"class":206},[44,57957,52878],{"class":58},[44,57959,57960,57962,57964,57966,57968,57970,57972,57974,57976,57978],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,57961,604],{"class":50},[44,57963,55],{"class":54},[44,57965,14215],{"class":50},[44,57967,114],{"class":58},[44,57969,1401],{"class":117},[44,57971,2631],{"class":58},[44,57973,1133],{"class":206},[44,57975,72],{"class":58},[44,57977,488],{"class":206},[44,57979,3538],{"class":58},[44,57981,57982],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,57983,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,57985,57986,57988,57990,57992],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,57987,136],{"class":135},[44,57989,121],{"class":58},[44,57991,632],{"class":117},[44,57993,100],{"class":58},[20,57995,247],{},[35,57997,57998],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,57999,58000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58001,58002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58003,46255],{"class":206},[30,58005,4609,58007],{"id":58006},"when-to-use-count",[15,58008,1179],{},[20,58010,651,58011,58013],{},[15,58012,1179],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58015,58016],{},"Good use cases:",[169,58018,58019,58022,58025],{},[172,58020,58021],{},"counting one specific item",[172,58023,58024],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[172,58026,58027],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58029,189],{},[35,58031,58033],{"className":37,"code":58032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58034,58035,58076,58100,58104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58036,58037,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066,58068,58070,58072,58074],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58038,58039],{"class":50},"votes ",[44,58041,55],{"class":54},[44,58043,3273],{"class":58},[44,58045,63],{"class":62},[44,58047,8307],{"class":66},[44,58049,63],{"class":62},[44,58051,72],{"class":58},[44,58053,75],{"class":62},[44,58055,8246],{"class":66},[44,58057,63],{"class":62},[44,58059,72],{"class":58},[44,58061,75],{"class":62},[44,58063,8307],{"class":66},[44,58065,63],{"class":62},[44,58067,72],{"class":58},[44,58069,75],{"class":62},[44,58071,8307],{"class":66},[44,58073,63],{"class":62},[44,58075,3286],{"class":58},[44,58077,58078,58081,58083,58086,58088,58090,58092,58094,58096,58098],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58079,58080],{"class":50},"yes_votes ",[44,58082,55],{"class":54},[44,58084,58085],{"class":50}," votes",[44,58087,114],{"class":58},[44,58089,1401],{"class":117},[44,58091,121],{"class":58},[44,58093,63],{"class":62},[44,58095,8307],{"class":66},[44,58097,63],{"class":62},[44,58099,100],{"class":58},[44,58101,58102],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58103,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,58105,58106,58108,58110,58113],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,58107,136],{"class":135},[44,58109,121],{"class":58},[44,58111,58112],{"class":117},"yes_votes",[44,58114,100],{"class":58},[20,58116,58117,58119],{},[15,58118,1179],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58121,58122,58123,898,58125,114],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[270,58124,52407],{"href":50615},[270,58126,58128],{"href":58127},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[30,58130,1299],{"id":1298},[20,58132,8096,58133,114],{},[15,58134,56930],{},[338,58136,58138],{"id":58137},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58140,58141,58143],{},[15,58142,56930],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[35,58145,58147],{"className":37,"code":58146,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58148,58149,58182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58150,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58162,58164,58166,58168,58170,58172,58174,58176,58178,58180],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58152,3720],{"class":50},[44,58154,55],{"class":54},[44,58156,3273],{"class":58},[44,58158,63],{"class":62},[44,58160,58161],{"class":66},"apple pie",[44,58163,63],{"class":62},[44,58165,72],{"class":58},[44,58167,75],{"class":62},[44,58169,1218],{"class":66},[44,58171,63],{"class":62},[44,58173,72],{"class":58},[44,58175,75],{"class":62},[44,58177,58161],{"class":66},[44,58179,63],{"class":62},[44,58181,3286],{"class":58},[44,58183,58184,58186,58188,58190,58192,58194,58196,58198,58200,58202,58204],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58185,136],{"class":135},[44,58187,121],{"class":58},[44,58189,3762],{"class":117},[44,58191,114],{"class":58},[44,58193,1401],{"class":117},[44,58195,121],{"class":58},[44,58197,63],{"class":62},[44,58199,1209],{"class":66},[44,58201,63],{"class":62},[44,58203,459],{"class":58},[44,58205,50883],{"class":147},[20,58207,2133,58208,1547],{},[15,58209,186],{},[20,58211,28700,58212,58214,58215,114],{},[15,58213,57468],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58216,58217],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58219,58220,58221,114],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58222,58223],{},"str.count()",[338,58225,1312,58227,8104,58229,2522,58231],{"id":58226},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58228,1179],{},[15,58230,3254],{},[15,58232,3324],{},[20,58234,58235,58237],{},[15,58236,1179],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[35,58239,58241],{"className":37,"code":58240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58242,58243,58267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58244,58245,58247,58249,58251,58253,58255,58257,58259,58261,58263,58265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58246,199],{"class":50},[44,58248,55],{"class":54},[44,58250,3273],{"class":58},[44,58252,1133],{"class":206},[44,58254,72],{"class":58},[44,58256,488],{"class":206},[44,58258,72],{"class":58},[44,58260,488],{"class":206},[44,58262,72],{"class":58},[44,58264,524],{"class":206},[44,58266,3286],{"class":58},[44,58268,58269,58271,58273,58275,58277,58279,58281,58283,58285],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58270,136],{"class":135},[44,58272,121],{"class":58},[44,58274,232],{"class":117},[44,58276,114],{"class":58},[44,58278,1401],{"class":117},[44,58280,121],{"class":58},[44,58282,1137],{"class":206},[44,58284,459],{"class":58},[44,58286,51051],{"class":147},[20,58288,58289],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[35,58291,58293],{"className":37,"code":58292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58294,58295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58296,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58298,136],{"class":135},[44,58300,121],{"class":58},[44,58302,1137],{"class":206},[44,58304,815],{"class":805},[44,58306,3912],{"class":117},[44,58308,144],{"class":58},[44,58310,3314],{"class":147},[338,58312,58314],{"id":58313},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[35,58316,58318],{"className":37,"code":58317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58319,58320,58353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58321,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336,58338,58340,58342,58344,58346,58349,58351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58323,4643],{"class":50},[44,58325,55],{"class":54},[44,58327,3273],{"class":58},[44,58329,63],{"class":62},[44,58331,7327],{"class":66},[44,58333,63],{"class":62},[44,58335,72],{"class":58},[44,58337,75],{"class":62},[44,58339,19861],{"class":66},[44,58341,63],{"class":62},[44,58343,72],{"class":58},[44,58345,75],{"class":62},[44,58347,58348],{"class":66},"SAM",[44,58350,63],{"class":62},[44,58352,3286],{"class":58},[44,58354,58355,58357,58359,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58356,136],{"class":135},[44,58358,121],{"class":58},[44,58360,4687],{"class":117},[44,58362,114],{"class":58},[44,58364,1401],{"class":117},[44,58366,121],{"class":58},[44,58368,63],{"class":62},[44,58370,19861],{"class":66},[44,58372,63],{"class":62},[44,58374,459],{"class":58},[44,58376,148],{"class":147},[20,58378,58379,58380,58383],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58381,58382],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[338,58385,29289,58387,33189],{"id":58386},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58388,1179],{},[20,58390,58391],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[35,58393,58395],{"className":37,"code":58394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58396,58397,58407,58421,58439,58453,58465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58398,58399,58401,58403,58405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58400,136],{"class":135},[44,58402,121],{"class":58},[44,58404,7988],{"class":117},[44,58406,100],{"class":58},[44,58408,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58410,136],{"class":135},[44,58412,121],{"class":58},[44,58414,2868],{"class":2546},[44,58416,121],{"class":58},[44,58418,7988],{"class":117},[44,58420,244],{"class":58},[44,58422,58423,58425,58427,58429,58431,58433,58435,58437],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58424,136],{"class":135},[44,58426,121],{"class":58},[44,58428,7988],{"class":117},[44,58430,114],{"class":58},[44,58432,1401],{"class":117},[44,58434,121],{"class":58},[44,58436,302],{"class":117},[44,58438,244],{"class":58},[44,58440,58441,58443,58445,58447,58449,58451],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,58442,136],{"class":135},[44,58444,121],{"class":58},[44,58446,1380],{"class":117},[44,58448,1383],{"class":805},[44,58450,8045],{"class":117},[44,58452,100],{"class":58},[44,58454,58455,58457,58459,58461,58463],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,58456,5606],{"class":805},[44,58458,5609],{"class":50},[44,58460,1383],{"class":805},[44,58462,8045],{"class":50},[44,58464,820],{"class":58},[44,58466,58467,58469,58471,58473,58475,58477],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,58468,825],{"class":135},[44,58470,121],{"class":58},[44,58472,41415],{"class":135},[44,58474,121],{"class":58},[44,58476,22950],{"class":117},[44,58478,244],{"class":58},[20,58480,58481],{},"These checks can help you see:",[169,58483,58484,58487,58490],{},[172,58485,58486],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[172,58488,58489],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[172,58491,58492],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58494,58495],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[169,58497,58498,58503,58506,58513],{},[172,58499,50130,58500,58502],{},[15,58501,1179],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[172,58504,58505],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[172,58507,10757,58508,58510,58511],{},[15,58509,56930],{}," with string ",[15,58512,1179],{},[172,58514,58515],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[30,58517,1497],{"id":1496},[338,58519,12355,58521,58523],{"id":58520},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58522,56930],{}," change the list?",[20,58525,58526],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[338,58528,58530],{"id":58529},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58532,11561,58533,114],{},[15,58534,186],{},[338,58536,4818,58538,58540],{"id":58537},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58539,56930],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58542,58543],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[338,58545,1540,58547,58549],{"id":58546},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58548,56930],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58551,41788,58552,898,58554,58556],{},[15,58553,57471],{},[15,58555,57468],{}," are different values.",[338,58558,4806,58560,58562,58563,1547],{"id":58559},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58561,3254],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58564,1133],{},[20,58566,8435,58567,58569,58570,898,58572,58569,58574,114],{},[15,58568,3254],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58571,1133],{},[15,58573,3324],{},[15,58575,186],{},[30,58577,1554],{"id":1553},[169,58579,58580,58584,58590,58594,58601,58608],{},[172,58581,58582],{},[270,58583,52407],{"href":50615},[172,58585,58586],{},[270,58587,58589],{"href":58588},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[172,58591,58592],{},[270,58593,6585],{"href":5845},[172,58595,58596],{},[270,58597,55156,58599,1180],{"href":58598},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58600,17],{},[172,58602,58603],{},[270,58604,3225,58606],{"href":58605},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58607,41997],{},[172,58609,58610],{},[270,58611,58612],{"href":58127},"What is a list in Python",[1583,58614,58615],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":58617},[58618,58619,58621,58622,58623,58629,58635,58637,58645,58656],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":57022,"depth":103,"text":58620},"What list.count() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":37656,"depth":103,"text":37657},{"id":57344,"depth":103,"text":57345,"children":58624},[58625,58626,58628],{"id":57376,"depth":132,"text":57377},{"id":57475,"depth":132,"text":58627},"1 and True can match",{"id":57574,"depth":132,"text":57575},{"id":57652,"depth":103,"text":57653,"children":58630},[58631,58632,58633,58634],{"id":57656,"depth":132,"text":57657},{"id":57735,"depth":132,"text":57736},{"id":57830,"depth":132,"text":57831},{"id":57905,"depth":132,"text":57906},{"id":58006,"depth":103,"text":58636},"When to use count()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":58638},[58639,58640,58642,58643],{"id":58137,"depth":132,"text":58138},{"id":58226,"depth":132,"text":58641},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58313,"depth":132,"text":58314},{"id":58386,"depth":132,"text":58644},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":58646},[58647,58649,58650,58652,58654],{"id":58520,"depth":132,"text":58648},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58529,"depth":132,"text":58530},{"id":58537,"depth":132,"text":58651},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58546,"depth":132,"text":58653},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58559,"depth":132,"text":58655},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56918,"description":58657},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58664,"title":58665,"body":58666,"description":60627,"extension":1616,"meta":60628,"navigation":434,"path":60629,"seo":60630,"stem":60631,"__hash__":60632},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58667,"toc":60590},[58668,58671,58674,58676,58804,58808,58889,58900,58902,58921,58925,58928,58931,58949,58951,58994,58998,59023,59032,59036,59041,59044,59161,59165,59234,59238,59250,59254,59257,59298,59302,59315,59318,59403,59407,59440,59447,59453,59458,59460,59472,59476,59509,59513,59545,59549,59586,59590,59610,59614,59648,59652,59681,59692,59696,59699,59702,59715,59772,59776,59815,59821,59824,59826,59829,59833,59836,59861,59863,59888,59895,59898,59943,59947,59966,59969,60008,60015,60020,60054,60058,60159,60166,60199,60203,60229,60233,60236,60274,60277,60314,60318,60321,60340,60342,60403,60405,60423,60427,60430,60433,60462,60464,60468,60471,60479,60483,60486,60506,60512,60518,60522,60525,60532,60540,60542,60581,60587],[10,58669,58665],{"id":58670},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58672,58673],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[30,58675,3259],{"id":3258},[35,58677,58679],{"className":37,"code":58678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58680,58681,58701,58733,58741,58759,58763,58773,58783,58794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58682,58683,58685,58687,58689,58691,58693,58695,58697,58699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58684,199],{"class":50},[44,58686,55],{"class":54},[44,58688,3273],{"class":58},[44,58690,1133],{"class":206},[44,58692,72],{"class":58},[44,58694,488],{"class":206},[44,58696,72],{"class":58},[44,58698,524],{"class":206},[44,58700,3286],{"class":58},[44,58702,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715,58717,58719,58721,58723,58725,58727,58729,58731],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58704,4643],{"class":50},[44,58706,55],{"class":54},[44,58708,3273],{"class":58},[44,58710,63],{"class":62},[44,58712,12531],{"class":66},[44,58714,63],{"class":62},[44,58716,72],{"class":58},[44,58718,75],{"class":62},[44,58720,35583],{"class":66},[44,58722,63],{"class":62},[44,58724,72],{"class":58},[44,58726,75],{"class":62},[44,58728,35592],{"class":66},[44,58730,63],{"class":62},[44,58732,3286],{"class":58},[44,58734,58735,58737,58739],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58736,55567],{"class":50},[44,58738,55],{"class":54},[44,58740,7487],{"class":58},[44,58742,58743,58745,58747,58749,58751,58753,58755,58757],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,58744,382],{"class":50},[44,58746,55],{"class":54},[44,58748,22199],{"class":2546},[44,58750,121],{"class":58},[44,58752,63],{"class":62},[44,58754,41196],{"class":66},[44,58756,63],{"class":62},[44,58758,100],{"class":58},[44,58760,58761],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,58762,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,58764,58765,58767,58769,58771],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,58766,136],{"class":135},[44,58768,121],{"class":58},[44,58770,232],{"class":117},[44,58772,100],{"class":58},[44,58774,58775,58777,58779,58781],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,58776,136],{"class":135},[44,58778,121],{"class":58},[44,58780,4687],{"class":117},[44,58782,100],{"class":58},[44,58784,58785,58787,58789,58792],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,58786,136],{"class":135},[44,58788,121],{"class":58},[44,58790,58791],{"class":117},"empty_list",[44,58793,100],{"class":58},[44,58795,58796,58798,58800,58802],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,58797,136],{"class":135},[44,58799,121],{"class":58},[44,58801,444],{"class":117},[44,58803,100],{"class":58},[20,58805,58806],{},[367,58807,247],{},[35,58809,58811],{"className":37,"code":58810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58812,58813,58829,58857,58861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58814,58815,58817,58819,58821,58823,58825,58827],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58816,1271],{"class":58},[44,58818,1133],{"class":206},[44,58820,72],{"class":58},[44,58822,488],{"class":206},[44,58824,72],{"class":58},[44,58826,524],{"class":206},[44,58828,3286],{"class":58},[44,58830,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845,58847,58849,58851,58853,58855],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58832,1271],{"class":58},[44,58834,2948],{"class":62},[44,58836,12531],{"class":66},[44,58838,2948],{"class":62},[44,58840,72],{"class":58},[44,58842,2943],{"class":62},[44,58844,35583],{"class":66},[44,58846,2948],{"class":62},[44,58848,72],{"class":58},[44,58850,2943],{"class":62},[44,58852,35592],{"class":66},[44,58854,2948],{"class":62},[44,58856,3286],{"class":58},[44,58858,58859],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58860,37934],{"class":58},[44,58862,58863,58865,58867,58869,58871,58873,58875,58877,58879,58881,58883,58885,58887],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,58864,1271],{"class":58},[44,58866,2948],{"class":62},[44,58868,270],{"class":66},[44,58870,2948],{"class":62},[44,58872,72],{"class":58},[44,58874,2943],{"class":62},[44,58876,399],{"class":66},[44,58878,2948],{"class":62},[44,58880,72],{"class":58},[44,58882,2943],{"class":62},[44,58884,408],{"class":66},[44,58886,2948],{"class":62},[44,58888,3286],{"class":58},[20,58890,58891,58892,58894,58895,58897,58898,114],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58893,3437],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58896,24421],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58899,35837],{},[30,58901,14811],{"id":14810},[169,58903,58904,58907,58910,58913,58918],{},[172,58905,58906],{},"What a list is in Python",[172,58908,58909],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[172,58911,58912],{},"How to create an empty list",[172,58914,58915,58916,1950],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58917,24421],{},[172,58919,58920],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[30,58922,58924],{"id":58923},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58926,58927],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58929,58930],{},"This means:",[169,58932,58933,58936,58939,58942],{},[172,58934,58935],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[172,58937,58938],{},"The order of items is kept",[172,58940,58941],{},"A list can hold different data types",[172,58943,58944,58945,58948],{},"A list is ",[367,58946,58947],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58950,189],{},[35,58952,58954],{"className":37,"code":58953,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58955,58956,58980,58984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,58957,58958,58960,58962,58964,58966,58968,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,58959,7429],{"class":50},[44,58961,55],{"class":54},[44,58963,3273],{"class":58},[44,58965,63],{"class":62},[44,58967,1209],{"class":66},[44,58969,63],{"class":62},[44,58971,72],{"class":58},[44,58973,934],{"class":206},[44,58975,72],{"class":58},[44,58977,3565],{"class":3502},[44,58979,3286],{"class":58},[44,58981,58982],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,58983,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,58985,58986,58988,58990,58992],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,58987,136],{"class":135},[44,58989,121],{"class":58},[44,58991,7458],{"class":117},[44,58993,100],{"class":58},[20,58995,58996],{},[367,58997,247],{},[35,58999,59001],{"className":37,"code":59000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59002,59003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59004,59005,59007,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59006,1271],{"class":58},[44,59008,2948],{"class":62},[44,59010,1209],{"class":66},[44,59012,2948],{"class":62},[44,59014,72],{"class":58},[44,59016,934],{"class":206},[44,59018,72],{"class":58},[44,59020,3565],{"class":3502},[44,59022,3286],{"class":58},[20,59024,59025,59026,2522,59029,114],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[270,59027,59028],{"href":50615},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[270,59030,59031],{"href":58127},"What is a List in Python?",[30,59033,59035],{"id":59034},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59037,58891,59038,59040],{},[15,59039,3437],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59042,59043],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[35,59045,59047],{"className":37,"code":59046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59048,59049,59069,59101,59126,59130,59140,59150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59050,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063,59065,59067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59052,199],{"class":50},[44,59054,55],{"class":54},[44,59056,3273],{"class":58},[44,59058,1133],{"class":206},[44,59060,72],{"class":58},[44,59062,488],{"class":206},[44,59064,72],{"class":58},[44,59066,524],{"class":206},[44,59068,3286],{"class":58},[44,59070,59071,59073,59075,59077,59079,59081,59083,59085,59087,59089,59091,59093,59095,59097,59099],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59072,4643],{"class":50},[44,59074,55],{"class":54},[44,59076,3273],{"class":58},[44,59078,63],{"class":62},[44,59080,12531],{"class":66},[44,59082,63],{"class":62},[44,59084,72],{"class":58},[44,59086,75],{"class":62},[44,59088,35583],{"class":66},[44,59090,63],{"class":62},[44,59092,72],{"class":58},[44,59094,75],{"class":62},[44,59096,35592],{"class":66},[44,59098,63],{"class":62},[44,59100,3286],{"class":58},[44,59102,59103,59106,59108,59110,59112,59114,59116,59118,59120,59122,59124],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59104,59105],{"class":50},"mixed ",[44,59107,55],{"class":54},[44,59109,3273],{"class":58},[44,59111,207],{"class":206},[44,59113,72],{"class":58},[44,59115,75],{"class":62},[44,59117,3495],{"class":66},[44,59119,63],{"class":62},[44,59121,72],{"class":58},[44,59123,3556],{"class":3502},[44,59125,3286],{"class":58},[44,59127,59128],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,59129,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,59131,59132,59134,59136,59138],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,59133,136],{"class":135},[44,59135,121],{"class":58},[44,59137,232],{"class":117},[44,59139,100],{"class":58},[44,59141,59142,59144,59146,59148],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,59143,136],{"class":135},[44,59145,121],{"class":58},[44,59147,4687],{"class":117},[44,59149,100],{"class":58},[44,59151,59152,59154,59156,59159],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,59153,136],{"class":135},[44,59155,121],{"class":58},[44,59157,59158],{"class":117},"mixed",[44,59160,100],{"class":58},[20,59162,59163],{},[367,59164,247],{},[35,59166,59168],{"className":37,"code":59167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59169,59170,59186,59214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59171,59172,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59173,1271],{"class":58},[44,59175,1133],{"class":206},[44,59177,72],{"class":58},[44,59179,488],{"class":206},[44,59181,72],{"class":58},[44,59183,524],{"class":206},[44,59185,3286],{"class":58},[44,59187,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196,59198,59200,59202,59204,59206,59208,59210,59212],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59189,1271],{"class":58},[44,59191,2948],{"class":62},[44,59193,12531],{"class":66},[44,59195,2948],{"class":62},[44,59197,72],{"class":58},[44,59199,2943],{"class":62},[44,59201,35583],{"class":66},[44,59203,2948],{"class":62},[44,59205,72],{"class":58},[44,59207,2943],{"class":62},[44,59209,35592],{"class":66},[44,59211,2948],{"class":62},[44,59213,3286],{"class":58},[44,59215,59216,59218,59220,59222,59224,59226,59228,59230,59232],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59217,1271],{"class":58},[44,59219,207],{"class":206},[44,59221,72],{"class":58},[44,59223,2943],{"class":62},[44,59225,3495],{"class":66},[44,59227,2948],{"class":62},[44,59229,72],{"class":58},[44,59231,3556],{"class":3502},[44,59233,3286],{"class":58},[338,59235,59237],{"id":59236},"key-points","Key points",[169,59239,59240,59245,59247],{},[172,59241,651,59242,59244],{},[15,59243,3437],{}," to make a new list",[172,59246,15080],{},[172,59248,59249],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[30,59251,59253],{"id":59252},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59255,59256],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[35,59258,59260],{"className":37,"code":59259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59261,59262,59270,59274,59284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59263,59264,59266,59268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59265,7957],{"class":50},[44,59267,55],{"class":54},[44,59269,7487],{"class":58},[44,59271,59272],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59273,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,59275,59276,59278,59280,59282],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59277,136],{"class":135},[44,59279,121],{"class":58},[44,59281,7988],{"class":117},[44,59283,100],{"class":58},[44,59285,59286,59288,59290,59292,59294,59296],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,59287,136],{"class":135},[44,59289,121],{"class":58},[44,59291,1365],{"class":135},[44,59293,121],{"class":58},[44,59295,7988],{"class":117},[44,59297,244],{"class":58},[20,59299,59300],{},[367,59301,247],{},[35,59303,59305],{"className":37,"code":59304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[]\n0\n",[15,59306,59307,59311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59308,59309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59310,37934],{"class":58},[44,59312,59313],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59314,46889],{"class":206},[20,59316,59317],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[35,59319,59321],{"className":37,"code":59320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59322,59323,59331,59335,59353,59371,59389,59393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59324,59325,59327,59329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59326,4643],{"class":50},[44,59328,55],{"class":54},[44,59330,7487],{"class":58},[44,59332,59333],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59334,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,59336,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59338,4687],{"class":50},[44,59340,114],{"class":58},[44,59342,13201],{"class":117},[44,59344,121],{"class":58},[44,59346,63],{"class":62},[44,59348,12531],{"class":66},[44,59350,63],{"class":62},[44,59352,100],{"class":58},[44,59354,59355,59357,59359,59361,59363,59365,59367,59369],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,59356,4687],{"class":50},[44,59358,114],{"class":58},[44,59360,13201],{"class":117},[44,59362,121],{"class":58},[44,59364,63],{"class":62},[44,59366,35583],{"class":66},[44,59368,63],{"class":62},[44,59370,100],{"class":58},[44,59372,59373,59375,59377,59379,59381,59383,59385,59387],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,59374,4687],{"class":50},[44,59376,114],{"class":58},[44,59378,13201],{"class":117},[44,59380,121],{"class":58},[44,59382,63],{"class":62},[44,59384,35592],{"class":66},[44,59386,63],{"class":62},[44,59388,100],{"class":58},[44,59390,59391],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,59392,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,59394,59395,59397,59399,59401],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,59396,136],{"class":135},[44,59398,121],{"class":58},[44,59400,4687],{"class":117},[44,59402,100],{"class":58},[20,59404,59405],{},[367,59406,247],{},[35,59408,59410],{"className":37,"code":59409,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59411,59412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59413,59414,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426,59428,59430,59432,59434,59436,59438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59415,1271],{"class":58},[44,59417,2948],{"class":62},[44,59419,12531],{"class":66},[44,59421,2948],{"class":62},[44,59423,72],{"class":58},[44,59425,2943],{"class":62},[44,59427,35583],{"class":66},[44,59429,2948],{"class":62},[44,59431,72],{"class":58},[44,59433,2943],{"class":62},[44,59435,35592],{"class":66},[44,59437,2948],{"class":62},[44,59439,3286],{"class":58},[20,59441,59442,59443,114],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[270,59444,59445,1180],{"href":56405},[15,59446,52289],{},[30,59448,59450,59451],{"id":59449},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59452,24421],{},[20,59454,651,59455,59457],{},[15,59456,24421],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59459,5105],{},[169,59461,59462,59464,59466,59468],{},[172,59463,4958],{},[172,59465,4952],{},[172,59467,4955],{},[172,59469,59470],{},[15,59471,35837],{},[338,59473,59475],{"id":59474},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[35,59477,59479],{"className":37,"code":59478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59480,59481,59499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59482,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59484,382],{"class":50},[44,59486,55],{"class":54},[44,59488,22199],{"class":2546},[44,59490,121],{"class":58},[44,59492,63],{"class":62},[44,59494,41196],{"class":66},[44,59496,63],{"class":62},[44,59498,100],{"class":58},[44,59500,59501,59503,59505,59507],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59502,136],{"class":135},[44,59504,121],{"class":58},[44,59506,444],{"class":117},[44,59508,100],{"class":58},[20,59510,59511],{},[367,59512,247],{},[35,59514,59515],{"className":37,"code":42512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59516,59517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59518,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59520,1271],{"class":58},[44,59522,2948],{"class":62},[44,59524,270],{"class":66},[44,59526,2948],{"class":62},[44,59528,72],{"class":58},[44,59530,2943],{"class":62},[44,59532,399],{"class":66},[44,59534,2948],{"class":62},[44,59536,72],{"class":58},[44,59538,2943],{"class":62},[44,59540,408],{"class":66},[44,59542,2948],{"class":62},[44,59544,3286],{"class":58},[338,59546,59548],{"id":59547},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[35,59550,59552],{"className":37,"code":59551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59553,59554,59576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59555,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572,59574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59557,199],{"class":50},[44,59559,55],{"class":54},[44,59561,22199],{"class":2546},[44,59563,5158],{"class":58},[44,59565,1133],{"class":206},[44,59567,72],{"class":58},[44,59569,488],{"class":206},[44,59571,72],{"class":58},[44,59573,524],{"class":206},[44,59575,244],{"class":58},[44,59577,59578,59580,59582,59584],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59579,136],{"class":135},[44,59581,121],{"class":58},[44,59583,232],{"class":117},[44,59585,100],{"class":58},[20,59587,59588],{},[367,59589,247],{},[35,59591,59592],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,59593,59594],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59595,59596,59598,59600,59602,59604,59606,59608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59597,1271],{"class":58},[44,59599,1133],{"class":206},[44,59601,72],{"class":58},[44,59603,488],{"class":206},[44,59605,72],{"class":58},[44,59607,524],{"class":206},[44,59609,3286],{"class":58},[338,59611,59613],{"id":59612},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[35,59615,59617],{"className":37,"code":59616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59618,59619,59638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59620,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59632,59634,59636],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59622,922],{"class":50},[44,59624,55],{"class":54},[44,59626,22199],{"class":2546},[44,59628,121],{"class":58},[44,59630,59631],{"class":135},"range",[44,59633,121],{"class":58},[44,59635,929],{"class":206},[44,59637,244],{"class":58},[44,59639,59640,59642,59644,59646],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59641,136],{"class":135},[44,59643,121],{"class":58},[44,59645,962],{"class":117},[44,59647,100],{"class":58},[20,59649,59650],{},[367,59651,247],{},[35,59653,59655],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59656,59657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59658,59659,59661,59663,59665,59667,59669,59671,59673,59675,59677,59679],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59660,1271],{"class":58},[44,59662,186],{"class":206},[44,59664,72],{"class":58},[44,59666,519],{"class":206},[44,59668,72],{"class":58},[44,59670,488],{"class":206},[44,59672,72],{"class":58},[44,59674,524],{"class":206},[44,59676,72],{"class":58},[44,59678,1114],{"class":206},[44,59680,3286],{"class":58},[20,59682,59683,59685,59686,114],{},[15,59684,24421],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[270,59687,59689,59691],{"href":59688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59690,24421],{},": Function Explained",[30,59693,59695],{"id":59694},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59697,59698],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59700,59701],{},"Examples include:",[169,59703,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712],{},[172,59705,4958],{},[172,59707,40061],{},[172,59709,51682],{},[172,59711,40231],{},[172,59713,59714],{},"other lists",[35,59716,59718],{"className":37,"code":59717,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59719,59720,59758,59762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59721,59722,59724,59726,59728,59730,59732,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744,59746,59748,59750,59752,59754,59756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59723,8816],{"class":50},[44,59725,55],{"class":54},[44,59727,3273],{"class":58},[44,59729,63],{"class":62},[44,59731,12531],{"class":66},[44,59733,63],{"class":62},[44,59735,72],{"class":58},[44,59737,8956],{"class":206},[44,59739,72],{"class":58},[44,59741,3565],{"class":3502},[44,59743,72],{"class":58},[44,59745,3273],{"class":58},[44,59747,1133],{"class":206},[44,59749,72],{"class":58},[44,59751,488],{"class":206},[44,59753,72],{"class":58},[44,59755,524],{"class":206},[44,59757,52878],{"class":58},[44,59759,59760],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59761,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,59763,59764,59766,59768,59770],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59765,136],{"class":135},[44,59767,121],{"class":58},[44,59769,8855],{"class":117},[44,59771,100],{"class":58},[20,59773,59774],{},[367,59775,247],{},[35,59777,59779],{"className":37,"code":59778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59780,59781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59782,59783,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799,59801,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59784,1271],{"class":58},[44,59786,2948],{"class":62},[44,59788,12531],{"class":66},[44,59790,2948],{"class":62},[44,59792,72],{"class":58},[44,59794,8956],{"class":206},[44,59796,72],{"class":58},[44,59798,3565],{"class":3502},[44,59800,72],{"class":58},[44,59802,3273],{"class":58},[44,59804,1133],{"class":206},[44,59806,72],{"class":58},[44,59808,488],{"class":206},[44,59810,72],{"class":58},[44,59812,524],{"class":206},[44,59814,52878],{"class":58},[20,59816,59817,59818,114],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[367,59819,59820],{},"nested list",[20,59822,59823],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[30,59825,4168],{"id":4167},[20,59827,59828],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[338,59830,59832],{"id":59831},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59834,59835],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[35,59837,59839],{"className":37,"code":59838,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59840,59841,59845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59842,59843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59844,4185],{"class":147},[44,59846,59847,59849,59851,59853,59855,59857,59859],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59848,199],{"class":50},[44,59850,55],{"class":54},[44,59852,3273],{"class":58},[44,59854,1133],{"class":206},[44,59856,488],{"class":206},[44,59858,524],{"class":206},[44,59860,3286],{"class":58},[20,59862,10457],{},[35,59864,59866],{"className":37,"code":59865,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59867,59868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59869,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59871,199],{"class":50},[44,59873,55],{"class":54},[44,59875,3273],{"class":58},[44,59877,1133],{"class":206},[44,59879,72],{"class":58},[44,59881,488],{"class":206},[44,59883,72],{"class":58},[44,59885,524],{"class":206},[44,59887,3286],{"class":58},[338,59889,895,59891,10742,59893],{"id":59890},"using-instead-of",[15,59892,7015],{},[15,59894,3437],{},[20,59896,59897],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[35,59899,59901],{"className":37,"code":59900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59902,59903,59924,59928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59904,59905,59908,59910,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59906,59907],{"class":50},"my_values ",[44,59909,55],{"class":54},[44,59911,59],{"class":58},[44,59913,1133],{"class":206},[44,59915,72],{"class":58},[44,59917,488],{"class":206},[44,59919,72],{"class":58},[44,59921,524],{"class":206},[44,59923,100],{"class":58},[44,59925,59926],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59927,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,59929,59930,59932,59934,59936,59938,59941],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,59931,136],{"class":135},[44,59933,121],{"class":58},[44,59935,2868],{"class":2546},[44,59937,121],{"class":58},[44,59939,59940],{"class":117},"my_values",[44,59942,244],{"class":58},[20,59944,59945],{},[367,59946,247],{},[35,59948,59950],{"className":37,"code":59949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59951,59952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59953,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59955,2937],{"class":54},[44,59957,2940],{"class":1716},[44,59959,2943],{"class":62},[44,59961,48591],{"class":66},[44,59963,2948],{"class":62},[44,59965,2951],{"class":54},[20,59967,59968],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[35,59970,59972],{"className":37,"code":59971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59973,59974,59994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,59975,59976,59978,59980,59982,59984,59986,59988,59990,59992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,59977,59907],{"class":50},[44,59979,55],{"class":54},[44,59981,3273],{"class":58},[44,59983,1133],{"class":206},[44,59985,72],{"class":58},[44,59987,488],{"class":206},[44,59989,72],{"class":58},[44,59991,524],{"class":206},[44,59993,3286],{"class":58},[44,59995,59996,59998,60000,60002,60004,60006],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,59997,136],{"class":135},[44,59999,121],{"class":58},[44,60001,2868],{"class":2546},[44,60003,121],{"class":58},[44,60005,59940],{"class":117},[44,60007,244],{"class":58},[338,60009,1312,60011,60014],{"id":60010},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60012,60013],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60016,60017,60019],{},[15,60018,24421],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[35,60021,60023],{"className":37,"code":60022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60024,60025,60044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60026,60027,60029,60031,60033,60035,60037,60040,60042],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60028,604],{"class":50},[44,60030,55],{"class":54},[44,60032,22199],{"class":2546},[44,60034,121],{"class":58},[44,60036,63],{"class":62},[44,60038,60039],{"class":66},"hello world",[44,60041,63],{"class":62},[44,60043,100],{"class":58},[44,60045,60046,60048,60050,60052],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,60047,136],{"class":135},[44,60049,121],{"class":58},[44,60051,632],{"class":117},[44,60053,100],{"class":58},[20,60055,60056],{},[367,60057,247],{},[35,60059,60061],{"className":37,"code":60060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60062,60063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60064,60065,60067,60069,60072,60074,60076,60078,60081,60083,60085,60087,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60102,60104,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60122,60124,60126,60128,60130,60132,60134,60136,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151,60153,60155,60157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60066,1271],{"class":58},[44,60068,2948],{"class":62},[44,60070,60071],{"class":66},"h",[44,60073,2948],{"class":62},[44,60075,72],{"class":58},[44,60077,2943],{"class":62},[44,60079,60080],{"class":66},"e",[44,60082,2948],{"class":62},[44,60084,72],{"class":58},[44,60086,2943],{"class":62},[44,60088,60089],{"class":66},"l",[44,60091,2948],{"class":62},[44,60093,72],{"class":58},[44,60095,2943],{"class":62},[44,60097,60089],{"class":66},[44,60099,2948],{"class":62},[44,60101,72],{"class":58},[44,60103,2943],{"class":62},[44,60105,60106],{"class":66},"o",[44,60108,2948],{"class":62},[44,60110,72],{"class":58},[44,60112,2943],{"class":62},[44,60114,2943],{"class":62},[44,60116,72],{"class":58},[44,60118,2943],{"class":62},[44,60120,60121],{"class":66},"w",[44,60123,2948],{"class":62},[44,60125,72],{"class":58},[44,60127,2943],{"class":62},[44,60129,60106],{"class":66},[44,60131,2948],{"class":62},[44,60133,72],{"class":58},[44,60135,2943],{"class":62},[44,60137,60138],{"class":66},"r",[44,60140,2948],{"class":62},[44,60142,72],{"class":58},[44,60144,2943],{"class":62},[44,60146,60089],{"class":66},[44,60148,2948],{"class":62},[44,60150,72],{"class":58},[44,60152,2943],{"class":62},[44,60154,425],{"class":66},[44,60156,2948],{"class":62},[44,60158,3286],{"class":58},[20,60160,60161,60162,60165],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60163,60164],{},"split()"," instead:",[35,60167,60169],{"className":37,"code":60168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60170,60171,60189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60172,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60174,3720],{"class":50},[44,60176,55],{"class":54},[44,60178,75],{"class":62},[44,60180,60039],{"class":66},[44,60182,63],{"class":62},[44,60184,114],{"class":58},[44,60186,34110],{"class":117},[44,60188,8292],{"class":58},[44,60190,60191,60193,60195,60197],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,60192,136],{"class":135},[44,60194,121],{"class":58},[44,60196,3762],{"class":117},[44,60198,100],{"class":58},[20,60200,60201],{},[367,60202,247],{},[35,60204,60206],{"className":37,"code":60205,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60207,60208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60209,60210,60212,60214,60216,60218,60220,60222,60225,60227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60211,1271],{"class":58},[44,60213,2948],{"class":62},[44,60215,3495],{"class":66},[44,60217,2948],{"class":62},[44,60219,72],{"class":58},[44,60221,2943],{"class":62},[44,60223,60224],{"class":66},"world",[44,60226,2948],{"class":62},[44,60228,3286],{"class":58},[338,60230,60232],{"id":60231},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60234,60235],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[35,60237,60239],{"className":37,"code":60238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60240,60241,60245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60242,60243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60244,4185],{"class":147},[44,60246,60247,60249,60251,60253,60255,60257,60259,60261,60263,60266,60268,60270,60272],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,60248,4643],{"class":50},[44,60250,55],{"class":54},[44,60252,3273],{"class":58},[44,60254,63],{"class":62},[44,60256,12531],{"class":66},[44,60258,63],{"class":62},[44,60260,72],{"class":58},[44,60262,75],{"class":62},[44,60264,60265],{"class":66},"Ben', ",[44,60267,63],{"class":62},[44,60269,35592],{"class":50},[44,60271,63],{"class":62},[44,60273,3286],{"class":66},[20,60275,60276],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[35,60278,60280],{"className":37,"code":60279,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60281,60282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60283,60284,60286,60288,60290,60292,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306,60308,60310,60312],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60285,4643],{"class":50},[44,60287,55],{"class":54},[44,60289,3273],{"class":58},[44,60291,63],{"class":62},[44,60293,12531],{"class":66},[44,60295,63],{"class":62},[44,60297,72],{"class":58},[44,60299,75],{"class":62},[44,60301,35583],{"class":66},[44,60303,63],{"class":62},[44,60305,72],{"class":58},[44,60307,75],{"class":62},[44,60309,35592],{"class":66},[44,60311,63],{"class":62},[44,60313,3286],{"class":58},[338,60315,60317],{"id":60316},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60319,60320],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[169,60322,60323,60326,60329,60334],{},[172,60324,60325],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[172,60327,60328],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[172,60330,60331,60332],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60333,24421],{},[172,60335,1312,60336,60339],{},[15,60337,60338],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[338,60341,1337],{"id":1336},[35,60343,60345],{"className":37,"code":60344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60346,60347,60357,60371,60385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60348,60349,60351,60353,60355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60350,136],{"class":135},[44,60352,121],{"class":58},[44,60354,7988],{"class":117},[44,60356,100],{"class":58},[44,60358,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,60360,136],{"class":135},[44,60362,121],{"class":58},[44,60364,2868],{"class":2546},[44,60366,121],{"class":58},[44,60368,7988],{"class":117},[44,60370,244],{"class":58},[44,60372,60373,60375,60377,60379,60381,60383],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,60374,136],{"class":135},[44,60376,121],{"class":58},[44,60378,1365],{"class":135},[44,60380,121],{"class":58},[44,60382,7988],{"class":117},[44,60384,244],{"class":58},[44,60386,60387,60389,60391,60393,60395,60397,60399,60401],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,60388,136],{"class":135},[44,60390,121],{"class":58},[44,60392,7742],{"class":2546},[44,60394,121],{"class":58},[44,60396,59631],{"class":135},[44,60398,121],{"class":58},[44,60400,929],{"class":206},[44,60402,2557],{"class":58},[20,60404,25648],{},[169,60406,60407,60410,60413,60416],{},[172,60408,60409],{},"what the list contains",[172,60411,60412],{},"whether the value is really a list",[172,60414,60415],{},"how many items it has",[172,60417,25659,60418,60420,60421],{},[15,60419,24421],{}," does with ",[15,60422,35837],{},[30,60424,60426],{"id":60425},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60428,60429],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60431,60432],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[169,60434,60435,60450,60455],{},[172,60436,651,60437,1134,60441,1138,60445,60449],{},[270,60438,60439],{"href":56405},[15,60440,52289],{},[270,60442,60443],{"href":52980},[15,60444,53082],{},[270,60446,60447],{"href":53544},[15,60448,53904],{}," to add items later",[172,60451,651,60452,60454],{},[270,60453,59028],{"href":50615}," for a broader introduction",[172,60456,651,60457,60461],{},[270,60458,60459,59691],{"href":59688},[15,60460,24421],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[30,60463,1497],{"id":1496},[338,60465,60467],{"id":60466},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60469,60470],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[35,60472,60473],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60474,60475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60476,60477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60478,37934],{"class":58},[338,60480,60482],{"id":60481},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60484,60485],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[35,60487,60488],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,60489,60490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60491,60492,60494,60496,60498,60500,60502,60504],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60493,1271],{"class":58},[44,60495,1133],{"class":206},[44,60497,72],{"class":58},[44,60499,488],{"class":206},[44,60501,72],{"class":58},[44,60503,524],{"class":206},[44,60505,3286],{"class":58},[338,60507,1501,60509,60511],{"id":60508},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60510,24421],{}," do in Python?",[20,60513,60514,60515,60517],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60516,35837],{},", into a list.",[338,60519,60521],{"id":60520},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60523,60524],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[338,60526,4828,60528,898,60530,1547],{"id":60527},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60529,3437],{},[15,60531,7015],{},[20,60533,60534,60536,60537,60539],{},[15,60535,3437],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60538,7015],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[30,60541,1554],{"id":1553},[169,60543,60544,60548,60554,60560,60566,60572,60576],{},[172,60545,60546],{},[270,60547,59028],{"href":50615},[172,60549,60550],{},[270,60551,55156,60552,18],{"href":56405},[15,60553,52289],{},[172,60555,60556],{},[270,60557,55156,60558,18],{"href":52980},[15,60559,53082],{},[172,60561,60562],{},[270,60563,55156,60564,18],{"href":53544},[15,60565,53904],{},[172,60567,60568],{},[270,60569,3225,60570,3229],{"href":59688},[15,60571,24421],{},[172,60573,60574],{},[270,60575,59031],{"href":58127},[172,60577,60578],{},[270,60579,60580],{"href":11715},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60582,60583,60584,60586],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60585,52289],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1583,60588,60589],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":60591},[60592,60593,60594,60595,60598,60599,60605,60606,60616,60617,60626],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":14810,"depth":103,"text":14811},{"id":58923,"depth":103,"text":58924},{"id":59034,"depth":103,"text":59035,"children":60596},[60597],{"id":59236,"depth":132,"text":59237},{"id":59252,"depth":103,"text":59253},{"id":59449,"depth":103,"text":60600,"children":60601},"Create a list with list()",[60602,60603,60604],{"id":59474,"depth":132,"text":59475},{"id":59547,"depth":132,"text":59548},{"id":59612,"depth":132,"text":59613},{"id":59694,"depth":103,"text":59695},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":60607},[60608,60609,60611,60613,60614,60615],{"id":59831,"depth":132,"text":59832},{"id":59890,"depth":132,"text":60610},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60010,"depth":132,"text":60612},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60231,"depth":132,"text":60232},{"id":60316,"depth":132,"text":60317},{"id":1336,"depth":132,"text":1337},{"id":60425,"depth":103,"text":60426},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":60618},[60619,60620,60621,60623,60624],{"id":60466,"depth":132,"text":60467},{"id":60481,"depth":132,"text":60482},{"id":60508,"depth":132,"text":60622},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60520,"depth":132,"text":60521},{"id":60527,"depth":132,"text":60625},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58665,"description":60627},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60634,"title":60635,"body":60636,"description":62377,"extension":1616,"meta":62378,"navigation":434,"path":62379,"seo":62380,"stem":62381,"__hash__":62382},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60637,"toc":62332},[60638,60643,60648,60651,60653,60724,60729,60734,60738,60752,60757,60759,60779,60784,60787,60810,60814,60819,60911,60913,60935,60941,60947,60954,60961,60967,61024,61030,61088,61090,61102,61110,61116,61121,61125,61182,61185,61189,61248,61251,61255,61313,61325,61329,61382,61385,61389,61395,61401,61463,61466,61527,61530,61586,61591,61593,61597,61604,61665,61670,61679,61735,61742,61746,61804,61813,61871,61875,61910,61914,61924,61927,61982,61996,61999,62114,62119,62123,62134,62136,62215,62225,62227,62232,62237,62244,62252,62258,62261,62267,62270,62276,62282,62284,62320,62329],[10,60639,53978,60641,18],{"id":60640},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60642,53082],{},[20,60644,60645,60647],{},[15,60646,52983],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60649,60650],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[30,60652,33],{"id":32},[35,60654,60656],{"className":37,"code":60655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60657,60658,60674,60691,60695,60710,60720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60659,60660,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670,60672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60661,199],{"class":50},[44,60663,55],{"class":54},[44,60665,3273],{"class":58},[44,60667,1133],{"class":206},[44,60669,72],{"class":58},[44,60671,488],{"class":206},[44,60673,3286],{"class":58},[44,60675,60676,60679,60681,60683,60685,60687,60689],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,60677,60678],{"class":50},"more_numbers ",[44,60680,55],{"class":54},[44,60682,3273],{"class":58},[44,60684,1141],{"class":206},[44,60686,72],{"class":58},[44,60688,1114],{"class":206},[44,60690,3286],{"class":58},[44,60692,60693],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,60694,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,60696,60697,60699,60701,60703,60705,60708],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,60698,232],{"class":50},[44,60700,114],{"class":58},[44,60702,53112],{"class":117},[44,60704,121],{"class":58},[44,60706,60707],{"class":117},"more_numbers",[44,60709,100],{"class":58},[44,60711,60712,60714,60716,60718],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,60713,136],{"class":135},[44,60715,121],{"class":58},[44,60717,232],{"class":117},[44,60719,100],{"class":58},[44,60721,60722],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,60723,52359],{"class":147},[20,60725,651,60726,60728],{},[15,60727,53082],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[30,60730,158,60732,161],{"id":60731},"what-listextend-does",[15,60733,52983],{},[20,60735,60736,1155],{},[15,60737,53082],{},[169,60739,60740,60743,60745,60748],{},[172,60741,60742],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[172,60744,54064],{},[172,60746,60747],{},"Does not create a new list",[172,60749,11072,60750],{},[15,60751,3428],{},[20,60753,60754,60755,53437],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60756,53082],{},[30,60758,277],{"id":276},[35,60760,60762],{"className":37,"code":60761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60763,60764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60765,60766,60769,60771,60773,60775,60777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60767,60768],{"class":50},"list_name",[44,60770,114],{"class":58},[44,60772,53112],{"class":117},[44,60774,121],{"class":58},[44,60776,3370],{"class":117},[44,60778,100],{"class":58},[20,60780,5100,60781,60783],{},[367,60782,3370],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60785,60786],{},"Common iterables include:",[169,60788,60789,60793,60797,60801,60806],{},[172,60790,60791],{},[15,60792,7742],{},[172,60794,60795],{},[15,60796,48591],{},[172,60798,60799],{},[15,60800,5935],{},[172,60802,60803],{},[15,60804,60805],{},"string",[172,60807,60808],{},[15,60809,59631],{},[30,60811,60813],{"id":60812},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60815,60816,60817,1155],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60818,53082],{},[35,60820,60822],{"className":37,"code":60821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60823,60824,60848,60873,60877,60892,60896,60906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60825,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60827,1200],{"class":50},[44,60829,55],{"class":54},[44,60831,3273],{"class":58},[44,60833,63],{"class":62},[44,60835,1209],{"class":66},[44,60837,63],{"class":62},[44,60839,72],{"class":58},[44,60841,75],{"class":62},[44,60843,1218],{"class":66},[44,60845,63],{"class":62},[44,60847,3286],{"class":58},[44,60849,60850,60853,60855,60857,60859,60861,60863,60865,60867,60869,60871],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,60851,60852],{"class":50},"more_fruits ",[44,60854,55],{"class":54},[44,60856,3273],{"class":58},[44,60858,63],{"class":62},[44,60860,1227],{"class":66},[44,60862,63],{"class":62},[44,60864,72],{"class":58},[44,60866,75],{"class":62},[44,60868,22172],{"class":66},[44,60870,63],{"class":62},[44,60872,3286],{"class":58},[44,60874,60875],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,60876,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,60878,60879,60881,60883,60885,60887,60890],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,60880,1244],{"class":50},[44,60882,114],{"class":58},[44,60884,53112],{"class":117},[44,60886,121],{"class":58},[44,60888,60889],{"class":117},"more_fruits",[44,60891,100],{"class":58},[44,60893,60894],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,60895,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,60897,60898,60900,60902,60904],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,60899,136],{"class":135},[44,60901,121],{"class":58},[44,60903,1244],{"class":117},[44,60905,100],{"class":58},[44,60907,60908],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,60909,60910],{"class":147},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60912,11333],{},[169,60914,60915,60920,60925],{},[172,60916,60917,60919],{},[15,60918,1244],{}," starts with two items",[172,60921,60922,60924],{},[15,60923,60889],{}," has two more items",[172,60926,60927,60929,60930,60932,60933],{},[15,60928,53082],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60931,60889],{}," to ",[15,60934,1244],{},[20,60936,60937,60938,60940],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60939,1244],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60942,54203,60943,898,60945,114],{},[270,60944,52407],{"href":50615},[270,60946,56791],{"href":56790},[30,60948,60950,10236,60952],{"id":60949},"extend-vs-append",[15,60951,53082],{},[15,60953,52289],{},[20,60955,60956,898,60958,60960],{},[15,60957,53082],{},[15,60959,52289],{}," are often confused.",[338,60962,60964,60966],{"id":60963},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60965,53082],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[35,60968,60970],{"className":37,"code":60969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60971,60972,60988,61006,61010,61020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,60973,60974,60976,60978,60980,60982,60984,60986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,60975,199],{"class":50},[44,60977,55],{"class":54},[44,60979,3273],{"class":58},[44,60981,1133],{"class":206},[44,60983,72],{"class":58},[44,60985,488],{"class":206},[44,60987,3286],{"class":58},[44,60989,60990,60992,60994,60996,60998,61000,61002,61004],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,60991,232],{"class":50},[44,60993,114],{"class":58},[44,60995,53112],{"class":117},[44,60997,2631],{"class":58},[44,60999,1141],{"class":206},[44,61001,72],{"class":58},[44,61003,1114],{"class":206},[44,61005,3538],{"class":58},[44,61007,61008],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61009,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61011,61012,61014,61016,61018],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61013,136],{"class":135},[44,61015,121],{"class":58},[44,61017,232],{"class":117},[44,61019,100],{"class":58},[44,61021,61022],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61023,52359],{"class":147},[338,61025,61027,61029],{"id":61026},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61028,52289],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[35,61031,61033],{"className":37,"code":61032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61034,61035,61051,61069,61073,61083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61036,61037,61039,61041,61043,61045,61047,61049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61038,199],{"class":50},[44,61040,55],{"class":54},[44,61042,3273],{"class":58},[44,61044,1133],{"class":206},[44,61046,72],{"class":58},[44,61048,488],{"class":206},[44,61050,3286],{"class":58},[44,61052,61053,61055,61057,61059,61061,61063,61065,61067],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61054,232],{"class":50},[44,61056,114],{"class":58},[44,61058,13201],{"class":117},[44,61060,2631],{"class":58},[44,61062,1141],{"class":206},[44,61064,72],{"class":58},[44,61066,1114],{"class":206},[44,61068,3538],{"class":58},[44,61070,61071],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61072,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61074,61075,61077,61079,61081],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61076,136],{"class":135},[44,61078,121],{"class":58},[44,61080,232],{"class":117},[44,61082,100],{"class":58},[44,61084,61085],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61086,61087],{"class":147},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61089,18338],{},[169,61091,61092,61097],{},[172,61093,61094,61096],{},[15,61095,53082],{}," to combine values",[172,61098,61099,61101],{},[15,61100,52289],{}," to add one item",[20,61103,41729,61104,898,61108,114],{},[270,61105,55156,61106,1180],{"href":56405},[15,61107,52289],{},[270,61109,52685],{"href":52684},[30,61111,895,61113,61115],{"id":61112},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61114,53082],{}," with different iterables",[20,61117,61118,61120],{},[15,61119,53082],{}," works with more than just lists.",[338,61122,61124],{"id":61123},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[35,61126,61128],{"className":37,"code":61127,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61129,61130,61146,61164,61168,61178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61131,61132,61134,61136,61138,61140,61142,61144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61133,922],{"class":50},[44,61135,55],{"class":54},[44,61137,3273],{"class":58},[44,61139,1133],{"class":206},[44,61141,72],{"class":58},[44,61143,488],{"class":206},[44,61145,3286],{"class":58},[44,61147,61148,61150,61152,61154,61156,61158,61160,61162],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61149,962],{"class":50},[44,61151,114],{"class":58},[44,61153,53112],{"class":117},[44,61155,5158],{"class":58},[44,61157,1141],{"class":206},[44,61159,72],{"class":58},[44,61161,1114],{"class":206},[44,61163,244],{"class":58},[44,61165,61166],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61167,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61169,61170,61172,61174,61176],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61171,136],{"class":135},[44,61173,121],{"class":58},[44,61175,962],{"class":117},[44,61177,100],{"class":58},[44,61179,61180],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61181,52359],{"class":147},[20,61183,61184],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[338,61186,61188],{"id":61187},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[35,61190,61192],{"className":37,"code":61191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61193,61194,61210,61229,61233,61243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61195,61196,61198,61200,61202,61204,61206,61208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61197,382],{"class":50},[44,61199,55],{"class":54},[44,61201,3273],{"class":58},[44,61203,63],{"class":62},[44,61205,270],{"class":66},[44,61207,63],{"class":62},[44,61209,3286],{"class":58},[44,61211,61212,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222,61225,61227],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61213,444],{"class":50},[44,61215,114],{"class":58},[44,61217,53112],{"class":117},[44,61219,121],{"class":58},[44,61221,63],{"class":62},[44,61223,61224],{"class":66},"bc",[44,61226,63],{"class":62},[44,61228,100],{"class":58},[44,61230,61231],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61232,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61234,61235,61237,61239,61241],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61236,136],{"class":135},[44,61238,121],{"class":58},[44,61240,444],{"class":117},[44,61242,100],{"class":58},[44,61244,61245],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61246,61247],{"class":147},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61249,61250],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[338,61252,61254],{"id":61253},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[35,61256,61258],{"className":37,"code":61257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61259,61260,61272,61294,61298,61308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61261,61262,61264,61266,61268,61270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61263,199],{"class":50},[44,61265,55],{"class":54},[44,61267,3273],{"class":58},[44,61269,186],{"class":206},[44,61271,3286],{"class":58},[44,61273,61274,61276,61278,61280,61282,61284,61286,61288,61290,61292],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61275,232],{"class":50},[44,61277,114],{"class":58},[44,61279,53112],{"class":117},[44,61281,121],{"class":58},[44,61283,59631],{"class":135},[44,61285,121],{"class":58},[44,61287,1133],{"class":206},[44,61289,72],{"class":58},[44,61291,1114],{"class":206},[44,61293,244],{"class":58},[44,61295,61296],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61297,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61299,61300,61302,61304,61306],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61301,136],{"class":135},[44,61303,121],{"class":58},[44,61305,232],{"class":117},[44,61307,100],{"class":58},[44,61309,61310],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61311,61312],{"class":147},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61314,61315,61318,61319,1134,61321,1138,61323,114],{},[15,61316,61317],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61320,1133],{},[15,61322,1137],{},[15,61324,1141],{},[338,61326,61328],{"id":61327},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[35,61330,61332],{"className":37,"code":61331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61333,61334,61350,61368,61372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61335,61336,61338,61340,61342,61344,61346,61348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61337,7429],{"class":50},[44,61339,55],{"class":54},[44,61341,3273],{"class":58},[44,61343,1133],{"class":206},[44,61345,72],{"class":58},[44,61347,488],{"class":206},[44,61349,3286],{"class":58},[44,61351,61352,61354,61356,61358,61360,61362,61364,61366],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61353,7458],{"class":50},[44,61355,114],{"class":58},[44,61357,53112],{"class":117},[44,61359,5177],{"class":58},[44,61361,1141],{"class":206},[44,61363,72],{"class":58},[44,61365,1114],{"class":206},[44,61367,30136],{"class":58},[44,61369,61370],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61371,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61373,61374,61376,61378,61380],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61375,136],{"class":135},[44,61377,121],{"class":58},[44,61379,7458],{"class":117},[44,61381,100],{"class":58},[20,61383,61384],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[30,61386,61388],{"id":61387},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61390,61391,2044,61393,114],{},[15,61392,53082],{},[15,61394,3428],{},[20,61396,61397,61398,1155],{},"That means this is ",[367,61399,61400],{},"wrong",[35,61402,61404],{"className":37,"code":61403,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61405,61406,61422,61444,61448,61458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61407,61408,61410,61412,61414,61416,61418,61420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61409,199],{"class":50},[44,61411,55],{"class":54},[44,61413,3273],{"class":58},[44,61415,1133],{"class":206},[44,61417,72],{"class":58},[44,61419,488],{"class":206},[44,61421,3286],{"class":58},[44,61423,61424,61426,61428,61430,61432,61434,61436,61438,61440,61442],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61425,604],{"class":50},[44,61427,55],{"class":54},[44,61429,3912],{"class":50},[44,61431,114],{"class":58},[44,61433,53112],{"class":117},[44,61435,2631],{"class":58},[44,61437,1141],{"class":206},[44,61439,72],{"class":58},[44,61441,1114],{"class":206},[44,61443,3538],{"class":58},[44,61445,61446],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61447,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61449,61450,61452,61454,61456],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61451,136],{"class":135},[44,61453,121],{"class":58},[44,61455,632],{"class":117},[44,61457,100],{"class":58},[44,61459,61460],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61461,61462],{"class":147},"# None\n",[20,61464,61465],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[35,61467,61469],{"className":37,"code":61468,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61470,61471,61487,61509,61513,61523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61472,61473,61475,61477,61479,61481,61483,61485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61474,199],{"class":50},[44,61476,55],{"class":54},[44,61478,3273],{"class":58},[44,61480,1133],{"class":206},[44,61482,72],{"class":58},[44,61484,488],{"class":206},[44,61486,3286],{"class":58},[44,61488,61489,61491,61493,61495,61497,61499,61501,61503,61505,61507],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61490,199],{"class":50},[44,61492,55],{"class":54},[44,61494,3912],{"class":50},[44,61496,114],{"class":58},[44,61498,53112],{"class":117},[44,61500,2631],{"class":58},[44,61502,1141],{"class":206},[44,61504,72],{"class":58},[44,61506,1114],{"class":206},[44,61508,3538],{"class":58},[44,61510,61511],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61512,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61514,61515,61517,61519,61521],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61516,136],{"class":135},[44,61518,121],{"class":58},[44,61520,232],{"class":117},[44,61522,100],{"class":58},[44,61524,61525],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61526,61462],{"class":147},[20,61528,61529],{},"The correct way is:",[35,61531,61532],{"className":37,"code":60969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61533,61534,61550,61568,61572,61582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61535,61536,61538,61540,61542,61544,61546,61548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61537,199],{"class":50},[44,61539,55],{"class":54},[44,61541,3273],{"class":58},[44,61543,1133],{"class":206},[44,61545,72],{"class":58},[44,61547,488],{"class":206},[44,61549,3286],{"class":58},[44,61551,61552,61554,61556,61558,61560,61562,61564,61566],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61553,232],{"class":50},[44,61555,114],{"class":58},[44,61557,53112],{"class":117},[44,61559,2631],{"class":58},[44,61561,1141],{"class":206},[44,61563,72],{"class":58},[44,61565,1114],{"class":206},[44,61567,3538],{"class":58},[44,61569,61570],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61571,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61573,61574,61576,61578,61580],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61575,136],{"class":135},[44,61577,121],{"class":58},[44,61579,232],{"class":117},[44,61581,100],{"class":58},[44,61583,61584],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61585,52359],{"class":147},[20,61587,55545,61588,61590],{},[15,61589,53082],{}," first, then use the original list.",[30,61592,4168],{"id":4167},[20,61594,14382,61595,114],{},[15,61596,53082],{},[338,61598,61600,61601,61603],{"id":61599},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61602,53082],{}," to return a new list",[35,61605,61607],{"className":37,"code":61606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61608,61609,61625,61647,61651,61661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61610,61611,61613,61615,61617,61619,61621,61623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61612,199],{"class":50},[44,61614,55],{"class":54},[44,61616,3273],{"class":58},[44,61618,1133],{"class":206},[44,61620,72],{"class":58},[44,61622,488],{"class":206},[44,61624,3286],{"class":58},[44,61626,61627,61629,61631,61633,61635,61637,61639,61641,61643,61645],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61628,55278],{"class":50},[44,61630,55],{"class":54},[44,61632,3912],{"class":50},[44,61634,114],{"class":58},[44,61636,53112],{"class":117},[44,61638,2631],{"class":58},[44,61640,1141],{"class":206},[44,61642,72],{"class":58},[44,61644,1114],{"class":206},[44,61646,3538],{"class":58},[44,61648,61649],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61650,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61652,61653,61655,61657,61659],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61654,136],{"class":135},[44,61656,121],{"class":58},[44,61658,55297],{"class":117},[44,61660,100],{"class":58},[44,61662,61663],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61664,61462],{"class":147},[20,61666,61667,61668,114],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61669,53082],{},[338,61671,61673,61674,44267,61676,61678],{"id":61672},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61675,52289],{},[15,61677,53082],{}," is needed",[35,61680,61681],{"className":37,"code":61032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,61682,61683,61699,61717,61721,61731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61684,61685,61687,61689,61691,61693,61695,61697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61686,199],{"class":50},[44,61688,55],{"class":54},[44,61690,3273],{"class":58},[44,61692,1133],{"class":206},[44,61694,72],{"class":58},[44,61696,488],{"class":206},[44,61698,3286],{"class":58},[44,61700,61701,61703,61705,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61702,232],{"class":50},[44,61704,114],{"class":58},[44,61706,13201],{"class":117},[44,61708,2631],{"class":58},[44,61710,1141],{"class":206},[44,61712,72],{"class":58},[44,61714,1114],{"class":206},[44,61716,3538],{"class":58},[44,61718,61719],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61720,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61722,61723,61725,61727,61729],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61724,136],{"class":135},[44,61726,121],{"class":58},[44,61728,232],{"class":117},[44,61730,100],{"class":58},[44,61732,61733],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61734,61087],{"class":147},[20,61736,61737,61738,53527,61740,6280],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61739,53526],{},[15,61741,53082],{},[338,61743,61745],{"id":61744},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[35,61747,61749],{"className":37,"code":61748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61750,61751,61767,61785,61789,61799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61752,61753,61755,61757,61759,61761,61763,61765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61754,3720],{"class":50},[44,61756,55],{"class":54},[44,61758,3273],{"class":58},[44,61760,63],{"class":62},[44,61762,3495],{"class":66},[44,61764,63],{"class":62},[44,61766,3286],{"class":58},[44,61768,61769,61771,61773,61775,61777,61779,61781,61783],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61770,3762],{"class":50},[44,61772,114],{"class":58},[44,61774,53112],{"class":117},[44,61776,121],{"class":58},[44,61778,63],{"class":62},[44,61780,60224],{"class":66},[44,61782,63],{"class":62},[44,61784,100],{"class":58},[44,61786,61787],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61788,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61790,61791,61793,61795,61797],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61792,136],{"class":135},[44,61794,121],{"class":58},[44,61796,3762],{"class":117},[44,61798,100],{"class":58},[44,61800,61801],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61802,61803],{"class":147},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61805,61806,61807,61810,61811,1155],{},"If you want ",[15,61808,61809],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61812,52289],{},[35,61814,61816],{"className":37,"code":61815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61817,61818,61834,61852,61856,61866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61819,61820,61822,61824,61826,61828,61830,61832],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61821,3720],{"class":50},[44,61823,55],{"class":54},[44,61825,3273],{"class":58},[44,61827,63],{"class":62},[44,61829,3495],{"class":66},[44,61831,63],{"class":62},[44,61833,3286],{"class":58},[44,61835,61836,61838,61840,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61837,3762],{"class":50},[44,61839,114],{"class":58},[44,61841,13201],{"class":117},[44,61843,121],{"class":58},[44,61845,63],{"class":62},[44,61847,60224],{"class":66},[44,61849,63],{"class":62},[44,61851,100],{"class":58},[44,61853,61854],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61855,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,61857,61858,61860,61862,61864],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61859,136],{"class":135},[44,61861,121],{"class":58},[44,61863,3762],{"class":117},[44,61865,100],{"class":58},[44,61867,61868],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,61869,61870],{"class":147},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[338,61872,61874],{"id":61873},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[35,61876,61878],{"className":37,"code":61877,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61879,61880,61896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61881,61882,61884,61886,61888,61890,61892,61894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61883,199],{"class":50},[44,61885,55],{"class":54},[44,61887,3273],{"class":58},[44,61889,1133],{"class":206},[44,61891,72],{"class":58},[44,61893,488],{"class":206},[44,61895,3286],{"class":58},[44,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904,61906,61908],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61899,232],{"class":50},[44,61901,114],{"class":58},[44,61903,53112],{"class":117},[44,61905,121],{"class":58},[44,61907,929],{"class":206},[44,61909,100],{"class":58},[20,61911,752,61912,6200],{},[15,61913,929],{},[20,61915,61916,61917,61919,61920,61923],{},"You will get a ",[15,61918,2650],{},". See ",[270,61921,61922],{"href":52236},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61925,61926],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[35,61928,61930],{"className":37,"code":61929,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61931,61932,61942,61956,61968],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,61933,61934,61936,61938,61940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,61935,136],{"class":135},[44,61937,121],{"class":58},[44,61939,7988],{"class":117},[44,61941,100],{"class":58},[44,61943,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952,61954],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,61945,136],{"class":135},[44,61947,121],{"class":58},[44,61949,2868],{"class":2546},[44,61951,121],{"class":58},[44,61953,962],{"class":117},[44,61955,244],{"class":58},[44,61957,61958,61960,61962,61964,61966],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,61959,136],{"class":135},[44,61961,121],{"class":58},[44,61963,632],{"class":117},[44,61965,144],{"class":58},[44,61967,100],{"class":50},[44,61969,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,61971,31793],{"class":135},[44,61973,121],{"class":58},[44,61975,7742],{"class":2546},[44,61977,114],{"class":58},[44,61979,53112],{"class":24390},[44,61981,100],{"class":58},[43217,61983,61984],{},[20,61985,61986,61987,61990,61991,61993,61994,114],{},"Note: ",[15,61988,61989],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61992,144],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61995,32668],{},[20,61997,61998],{},"Correct debugging example:",[35,62000,62002],{"className":37,"code":62001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62003,62004,62020,62036,62040,62054,62058,62066,62076,62090,62100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62005,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016,62018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62007,7957],{"class":50},[44,62009,55],{"class":54},[44,62011,3273],{"class":58},[44,62013,1133],{"class":206},[44,62015,72],{"class":58},[44,62017,488],{"class":206},[44,62019,3286],{"class":58},[44,62021,62022,62024,62026,62028,62030,62032,62034],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62023,922],{"class":50},[44,62025,55],{"class":54},[44,62027,3273],{"class":58},[44,62029,1141],{"class":206},[44,62031,72],{"class":58},[44,62033,1114],{"class":206},[44,62035,3286],{"class":58},[44,62037,62038],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62039,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,62041,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,62043,7988],{"class":50},[44,62045,114],{"class":58},[44,62047,53112],{"class":117},[44,62049,121],{"class":58},[44,62051,962],{"class":117},[44,62053,100],{"class":58},[44,62055,62056],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,62057,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,62059,62060,62062,62064],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,62061,604],{"class":50},[44,62063,55],{"class":54},[44,62065,48165],{"class":3502},[44,62067,62068,62070,62072,62074],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,62069,136],{"class":135},[44,62071,121],{"class":58},[44,62073,7988],{"class":117},[44,62075,100],{"class":58},[44,62077,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,62079,136],{"class":135},[44,62081,121],{"class":58},[44,62083,2868],{"class":2546},[44,62085,121],{"class":58},[44,62087,962],{"class":117},[44,62089,244],{"class":58},[44,62091,62092,62094,62096,62098],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,62093,136],{"class":135},[44,62095,121],{"class":58},[44,62097,632],{"class":117},[44,62099,100],{"class":58},[44,62101,62102,62104,62106,62108,62110,62112],{"class":46,"line":6085},[44,62103,31793],{"class":135},[44,62105,121],{"class":58},[44,62107,7742],{"class":2546},[44,62109,114],{"class":58},[44,62111,53112],{"class":24390},[44,62113,100],{"class":58},[30,62115,4609,62117],{"id":62116},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62118,53082],{},[20,62120,651,62121,5966],{},[15,62122,53082],{},[169,62124,62125,62128,62131],{},[172,62126,62127],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[172,62129,62130],{},"Add multiple values at once",[172,62132,62133],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62135,5120],{},[35,62137,62139],{"className":37,"code":62138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62140,62141,62158,62176,62180,62196,62200,62210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62142,62143,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62144,62145],{"class":50},"all_scores ",[44,62147,55],{"class":54},[44,62149,3273],{"class":58},[44,62151,13150],{"class":206},[44,62153,72],{"class":58},[44,62155,13155],{"class":206},[44,62157,3286],{"class":58},[44,62159,62160,62163,62165,62167,62169,62171,62174],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62161,62162],{"class":50},"new_scores ",[44,62164,55],{"class":54},[44,62166,3273],{"class":58},[44,62168,51141],{"class":206},[44,62170,72],{"class":58},[44,62172,62173],{"class":206}," 92",[44,62175,3286],{"class":58},[44,62177,62178],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62179,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,62181,62182,62185,62187,62189,62191,62194],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,62183,62184],{"class":50},"all_scores",[44,62186,114],{"class":58},[44,62188,53112],{"class":117},[44,62190,121],{"class":58},[44,62192,62193],{"class":117},"new_scores",[44,62195,100],{"class":58},[44,62197,62198],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,62199,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,62201,62202,62204,62206,62208],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,62203,136],{"class":135},[44,62205,121],{"class":58},[44,62207,62184],{"class":117},[44,62209,100],{"class":58},[44,62211,62212],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,62213,62214],{"class":147},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62216,62217,62218,62220,62221,114],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62219,52289],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[270,62222,55156,62223,1180],{"href":53544},[15,62224,53904],{},[30,62226,1497],{"id":1496},[338,62228,12355,62230,55105],{"id":62229},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62231,52983],{},[20,62233,62234,62235,114],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62236,3428],{},[338,62238,4828,62240,898,62242,1547],{"id":62239},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62241,53082],{},[15,62243,52289],{},[20,62245,62246,62248,62249,62251],{},[15,62247,53082],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62250,52289],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[338,62253,27967,62255,62257],{"id":62254},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62256,53082],{}," with a string?",[20,62259,62260],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[338,62262,27967,62264,62266],{"id":62263},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62265,53082],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62268,62269],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[338,62271,62273,62274,1547],{"id":62272},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62275,53082],{},[20,62277,62278,62279,62281],{},"You get a ",[15,62280,2650],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[30,62283,1554],{"id":1553},[169,62285,62286,62292,62296,62300,62304,62310,62314],{},[172,62287,62288],{},[270,62289,55156,62290,1180],{"href":56405},[15,62291,52289],{},[172,62293,62294],{},[270,62295,53914],{"href":52684},[172,62297,62298],{},[270,62299,56864],{"href":56790},[172,62301,62302],{},[270,62303,52407],{"href":50615},[172,62305,62306],{},[270,62307,55156,62308,1180],{"href":53544},[15,62309,53904],{},[172,62311,62312],{},[270,62313,61922],{"href":52236},[172,62315,62316],{},[270,62317,55156,62318,1180],{"href":54596},[15,62319,12427],{},[20,62321,62322,62323,62325,62326,62328],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62324,52289],{},", when to use ",[15,62327,53904],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1583,62330,62331],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":62333},[62334,62335,62337,62338,62339,62346,62353,62354,62362,62364,62376],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":60731,"depth":103,"text":62336},"What list.extend() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":60812,"depth":103,"text":60813},{"id":60949,"depth":103,"text":62340,"children":62341},"extend() vs append()",[62342,62344],{"id":60963,"depth":132,"text":62343},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61026,"depth":132,"text":62345},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61112,"depth":103,"text":62347,"children":62348},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62349,62350,62351,62352],{"id":61123,"depth":132,"text":61124},{"id":61187,"depth":132,"text":61188},{"id":61253,"depth":132,"text":61254},{"id":61327,"depth":132,"text":61328},{"id":61387,"depth":103,"text":61388},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":62355},[62356,62358,62360,62361],{"id":61599,"depth":132,"text":62357},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61672,"depth":132,"text":62359},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61744,"depth":132,"text":61745},{"id":61873,"depth":132,"text":61874},{"id":62116,"depth":103,"text":62363},"When to use extend()",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":62365},[62366,62368,62370,62372,62374],{"id":62229,"depth":132,"text":62367},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62239,"depth":132,"text":62369},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62254,"depth":132,"text":62371},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62263,"depth":132,"text":62373},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62272,"depth":132,"text":62375},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60635,"description":62377},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62384,"title":62385,"body":62386,"description":64477,"extension":1616,"meta":64478,"navigation":434,"path":64479,"seo":64480,"stem":64481,"__hash__":64482},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62387,"toc":64440},[62388,62391,62396,62402,62413,62419,62421,62490,62492,62541,62549,62553,62558,62561,62572,62577,62579,62581,62602,62615,62618,62631,62633,62638,62663,62665,62673,62676,62745,62747,62771,62777,62781,62785,62821,62823,62843,62850,62854,62887,62889,62923,62928,62932,62965,62967,62995,63003,63007,63044,63046,63067,63070,63074,63143,63145,63169,63175,63182,63186,63189,63191,63205,63208,63232,63234,63259,63262,63281,63283,63309,63318,63322,63329,63406,63408,63449,63455,63461,63552,63554,63610,63613,63618,63622,63627,63631,63690,63692,63717,63721,63784,63786,63811,63815,63878,63880,63923,63926,63930,63934,63956,63960,64042,64044,64079,64087,64089,64093,64097,64099,64126,64131,64133,64160,64167,64170,64193,64195,64244,64247,64250,64269,64273,64276,64327,64330,64336,64340,64345,64348,64350,64356,64365,64369,64375,64379,64382,64386,64389,64393,64399,64401,64437],[10,62389,62385],{"id":62390},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62392,8773,62393,62395],{},[15,62394,24421],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62397,62398,62399,62401],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62400,24421],{}," for two main reasons:",[169,62403,62404,62407],{},[172,62405,62406],{},"to make an empty list",[172,62408,62409,62410,62412],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62411,59631],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62414,62415,62416,62418],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62417,24421],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[30,62420,33],{"id":32},[35,62422,62424],{"className":37,"code":62423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62425,62426,62448,62466,62470,62480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62427,62428,62430,62432,62434,62436,62438,62440,62442,62444,62446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62429,199],{"class":50},[44,62431,55],{"class":54},[44,62433,22199],{"class":2546},[44,62435,5158],{"class":58},[44,62437,1133],{"class":206},[44,62439,72],{"class":58},[44,62441,488],{"class":206},[44,62443,72],{"class":58},[44,62445,524],{"class":206},[44,62447,244],{"class":58},[44,62449,62450,62452,62454,62456,62458,62460,62462,62464],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62451,382],{"class":50},[44,62453,55],{"class":54},[44,62455,22199],{"class":2546},[44,62457,121],{"class":58},[44,62459,63],{"class":62},[44,62461,41196],{"class":66},[44,62463,63],{"class":62},[44,62465,100],{"class":58},[44,62467,62468],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62469,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,62471,62472,62474,62476,62478],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,62473,136],{"class":135},[44,62475,121],{"class":58},[44,62477,232],{"class":117},[44,62479,100],{"class":58},[44,62481,62482,62484,62486,62488],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,62483,136],{"class":135},[44,62485,121],{"class":58},[44,62487,444],{"class":117},[44,62489,100],{"class":58},[20,62491,247],{},[35,62493,62495],{"className":37,"code":62494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62496,62497,62513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62498,62499,62501,62503,62505,62507,62509,62511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62500,1271],{"class":58},[44,62502,1133],{"class":206},[44,62504,72],{"class":58},[44,62506,488],{"class":206},[44,62508,72],{"class":58},[44,62510,524],{"class":206},[44,62512,3286],{"class":58},[44,62514,62515,62517,62519,62521,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533,62535,62537,62539],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62516,1271],{"class":58},[44,62518,2948],{"class":62},[44,62520,270],{"class":66},[44,62522,2948],{"class":62},[44,62524,72],{"class":58},[44,62526,2943],{"class":62},[44,62528,399],{"class":66},[44,62530,2948],{"class":62},[44,62532,72],{"class":58},[44,62534,2943],{"class":62},[44,62536,408],{"class":66},[44,62538,2948],{"class":62},[44,62540,3286],{"class":58},[20,62542,651,62543,62545,62546,62548],{},[15,62544,24421],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62547,59631],{},", set, or dictionary.",[30,62550,62552],{"id":62551},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62554,62555,62557],{},[15,62556,24421],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62559,62560],{},"It can:",[169,62562,62563,62566,62569],{},[172,62564,62565],{},"create a new list object",[172,62567,62568],{},"make an empty list",[172,62570,62571],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62573,62574,62575,114],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[270,62576,52407],{"href":50615},[30,62578,277],{"id":276},[20,62580,26127],{},[35,62582,62584],{"className":37,"code":62583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62585,62586,62592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62587,62588,62590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62589,7742],{"class":2546},[44,62591,8292],{"class":58},[44,62593,62594,62596,62598,62600],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62595,7742],{"class":2546},[44,62597,121],{"class":58},[44,62599,3370],{"class":117},[44,62601,100],{"class":58},[169,62603,62604,62609],{},[172,62605,62606,62608],{},[15,62607,24421],{}," makes an empty list",[172,62610,62611,62614],{},[15,62612,62613],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62616,62617],{},"Common iterable values include:",[169,62619,62620,62622,62624,62626,62629],{},[172,62621,4958],{},[172,62623,4952],{},[172,62625,4955],{},[172,62627,62628],{},"ranges",[172,62630,6900],{},[30,62632,59253],{"id":59252},[20,62634,651,62635,62637],{},[15,62636,24421],{}," with no arguments:",[35,62639,62641],{"className":37,"code":62640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62642,62643,62653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62644,62645,62647,62649,62651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62646,7429],{"class":50},[44,62648,55],{"class":54},[44,62650,22199],{"class":2546},[44,62652,8292],{"class":58},[44,62654,62655,62657,62659,62661],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62656,136],{"class":135},[44,62658,121],{"class":58},[44,62660,7458],{"class":117},[44,62662,100],{"class":58},[20,62664,247],{},[35,62666,62667],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62668,62669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62670,62671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62672,37934],{"class":58},[20,62674,62675],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[35,62677,62679],{"className":37,"code":62678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62680,62681,62691,62695,62713,62731,62735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62682,62683,62685,62687,62689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62684,7429],{"class":50},[44,62686,55],{"class":54},[44,62688,22199],{"class":2546},[44,62690,8292],{"class":58},[44,62692,62693],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62694,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,62696,62697,62699,62701,62703,62705,62707,62709,62711],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,62698,7458],{"class":50},[44,62700,114],{"class":58},[44,62702,13201],{"class":117},[44,62704,121],{"class":58},[44,62706,63],{"class":62},[44,62708,1209],{"class":66},[44,62710,63],{"class":62},[44,62712,100],{"class":58},[44,62714,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727,62729],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,62716,7458],{"class":50},[44,62718,114],{"class":58},[44,62720,13201],{"class":117},[44,62722,121],{"class":58},[44,62724,63],{"class":62},[44,62726,1218],{"class":66},[44,62728,63],{"class":62},[44,62730,100],{"class":58},[44,62732,62733],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,62734,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,62736,62737,62739,62741,62743],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,62738,136],{"class":135},[44,62740,121],{"class":58},[44,62742,7458],{"class":117},[44,62744,100],{"class":58},[20,62746,247],{},[35,62748,62749],{"className":37,"code":38060,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62750,62751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62752,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62754,1271],{"class":58},[44,62756,2948],{"class":62},[44,62758,1209],{"class":66},[44,62760,2948],{"class":62},[44,62762,72],{"class":58},[44,62764,2943],{"class":62},[44,62766,1218],{"class":66},[44,62768,2948],{"class":62},[44,62770,3286],{"class":58},[20,62772,62773,62774,62776],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62775,3437],{},". Both are valid.",[30,62778,62780],{"id":62779},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[338,62782,62784],{"id":62783},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[35,62786,62787],{"className":37,"code":59551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62788,62789,62811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62790,62791,62793,62795,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805,62807,62809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62792,199],{"class":50},[44,62794,55],{"class":54},[44,62796,22199],{"class":2546},[44,62798,5158],{"class":58},[44,62800,1133],{"class":206},[44,62802,72],{"class":58},[44,62804,488],{"class":206},[44,62806,72],{"class":58},[44,62808,524],{"class":206},[44,62810,244],{"class":58},[44,62812,62813,62815,62817,62819],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62814,136],{"class":135},[44,62816,121],{"class":58},[44,62818,232],{"class":117},[44,62820,100],{"class":58},[20,62822,247],{},[35,62824,62825],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62826,62827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62828,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839,62841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62830,1271],{"class":58},[44,62832,1133],{"class":206},[44,62834,72],{"class":58},[44,62836,488],{"class":206},[44,62838,72],{"class":58},[44,62840,524],{"class":206},[44,62842,3286],{"class":58},[20,62844,62845,62846,114],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[270,62847,62849],{"href":62848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[338,62851,62853],{"id":62852},"string-to-list","String to list",[35,62855,62857],{"className":37,"code":62856,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62858,62859,62877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62860,62861,62863,62865,62867,62869,62871,62873,62875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62862,382],{"class":50},[44,62864,55],{"class":54},[44,62866,22199],{"class":2546},[44,62868,121],{"class":58},[44,62870,63],{"class":62},[44,62872,569],{"class":66},[44,62874,63],{"class":62},[44,62876,100],{"class":58},[44,62878,62879,62881,62883,62885],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62880,136],{"class":135},[44,62882,121],{"class":58},[44,62884,444],{"class":117},[44,62886,100],{"class":58},[20,62888,247],{},[35,62890,62892],{"className":37,"code":62891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62893,62894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62895,62896,62898,62900,62902,62904,62906,62908,62910,62912,62914,62916,62919,62921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62897,1271],{"class":58},[44,62899,2948],{"class":62},[44,62901,408],{"class":66},[44,62903,2948],{"class":62},[44,62905,72],{"class":58},[44,62907,2943],{"class":62},[44,62909,270],{"class":66},[44,62911,2948],{"class":62},[44,62913,72],{"class":58},[44,62915,2943],{"class":62},[44,62917,62918],{"class":66},"t",[44,62920,2948],{"class":62},[44,62922,3286],{"class":58},[20,62924,62925,62927],{},[15,62926,24421],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[338,62929,62931],{"id":62930},"range-to-list","Range to list",[35,62933,62935],{"className":37,"code":62934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62936,62937,62955],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62938,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62940,199],{"class":50},[44,62942,55],{"class":54},[44,62944,22199],{"class":2546},[44,62946,121],{"class":58},[44,62948,59631],{"class":135},[44,62950,121],{"class":58},[44,62952,929],{"class":206},[44,62954,244],{"class":58},[44,62956,62957,62959,62961,62963],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,62958,136],{"class":135},[44,62960,121],{"class":58},[44,62962,232],{"class":117},[44,62964,100],{"class":58},[20,62966,247],{},[35,62968,62969],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,62970,62971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,62972,62973,62975,62977,62979,62981,62983,62985,62987,62989,62991,62993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,62974,1271],{"class":58},[44,62976,186],{"class":206},[44,62978,72],{"class":58},[44,62980,519],{"class":206},[44,62982,72],{"class":58},[44,62984,488],{"class":206},[44,62986,72],{"class":58},[44,62988,524],{"class":206},[44,62990,72],{"class":58},[44,62992,1114],{"class":206},[44,62994,3286],{"class":58},[20,62996,62997,62998,63002],{},"This is common when working with ",[270,62999,63000],{"href":35834},[15,63001,35837],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[338,63004,63006],{"id":63005},"set-to-list","Set to list",[35,63008,63010],{"className":37,"code":63009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63011,63012,63034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63013,63014,63016,63018,63020,63022,63024,63026,63028,63030,63032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63015,922],{"class":50},[44,63017,55],{"class":54},[44,63019,22199],{"class":2546},[44,63021,5177],{"class":58},[44,63023,207],{"class":206},[44,63025,72],{"class":58},[44,63027,212],{"class":206},[44,63029,72],{"class":58},[44,63031,217],{"class":206},[44,63033,30136],{"class":58},[44,63035,63036,63038,63040,63042],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63037,136],{"class":135},[44,63039,121],{"class":58},[44,63041,962],{"class":117},[44,63043,100],{"class":58},[20,63045,16606],{},[35,63047,63049],{"className":37,"code":63048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63050,63051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63052,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63054,1271],{"class":58},[44,63056,207],{"class":206},[44,63058,72],{"class":58},[44,63060,212],{"class":206},[44,63062,72],{"class":58},[44,63064,217],{"class":206},[44,63066,3286],{"class":58},[20,63068,63069],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[338,63071,63073],{"id":63072},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[35,63075,63077],{"className":37,"code":63076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63078,63079,63115,63129,63133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63080,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091,63093,63095,63097,63099,63101,63103,63105,63107,63109,63111,63113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63082,12852],{"class":50},[44,63084,55],{"class":54},[44,63086,10141],{"class":58},[44,63088,63],{"class":62},[44,63090,7318],{"class":66},[44,63092,63],{"class":62},[44,63094,1155],{"class":58},[44,63096,75],{"class":62},[44,63098,12531],{"class":66},[44,63100,63],{"class":62},[44,63102,72],{"class":58},[44,63104,75],{"class":62},[44,63106,8949],{"class":66},[44,63108,63],{"class":62},[44,63110,1155],{"class":58},[44,63112,8956],{"class":206},[44,63114,8959],{"class":58},[44,63116,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63118,604],{"class":50},[44,63120,55],{"class":54},[44,63122,22199],{"class":2546},[44,63124,121],{"class":58},[44,63126,16953],{"class":117},[44,63128,100],{"class":58},[44,63130,63131],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63132,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,63134,63135,63137,63139,63141],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,63136,136],{"class":135},[44,63138,121],{"class":58},[44,63140,632],{"class":117},[44,63142,100],{"class":58},[20,63144,247],{},[35,63146,63147],{"className":37,"code":25121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63148,63149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63150,63151,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63152,1271],{"class":58},[44,63154,2948],{"class":62},[44,63156,7318],{"class":66},[44,63158,2948],{"class":62},[44,63160,72],{"class":58},[44,63162,2943],{"class":62},[44,63164,8949],{"class":66},[44,63166,2948],{"class":62},[44,63168,3286],{"class":58},[20,63170,63171,63172,63174],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63173,24421],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63176,63177,63178,114],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[270,63179,63181],{"href":63180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[30,63183,63185],{"id":63184},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63187,63188],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63190,60786],{},[169,63192,63193,63195,63197,63199,63201,63203],{},[172,63194,4949],{},[172,63196,4952],{},[172,63198,4958],{},[172,63200,4955],{},[172,63202,62628],{},[172,63204,6900],{},[20,63206,63207],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[35,63209,63211],{"className":37,"code":63210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63212,63213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63214,63215,63217,63219,63221,63223,63225,63228,63230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63216,136],{"class":135},[44,63218,121],{"class":58},[44,63220,7742],{"class":2546},[44,63222,121],{"class":58},[44,63224,63],{"class":62},[44,63226,63227],{"class":66},"hi",[44,63229,63],{"class":62},[44,63231,244],{"class":58},[20,63233,247],{},[35,63235,63237],{"className":37,"code":63236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63238,63239],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63240,63241,63243,63245,63247,63249,63251,63253,63255,63257],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63242,1271],{"class":58},[44,63244,2948],{"class":62},[44,63246,60071],{"class":66},[44,63248,2948],{"class":62},[44,63250,72],{"class":58},[44,63252,2943],{"class":62},[44,63254,35793],{"class":66},[44,63256,2948],{"class":62},[44,63258,3286],{"class":58},[20,63260,63261],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[35,63263,63265],{"className":37,"code":63264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63266,63267],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63268,63269,63271,63273,63275,63277,63279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63270,136],{"class":135},[44,63272,121],{"class":58},[44,63274,7742],{"class":2546},[44,63276,121],{"class":58},[44,63278,929],{"class":206},[44,63280,244],{"class":58},[20,63282,247],{},[35,63284,63286],{"className":37,"code":63285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63287,63288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63289,63290,63292,63294,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63291,2650],{"class":2546},[44,63293,1155],{"class":58},[44,63295,2943],{"class":62},[44,63297,1837],{"class":66},[44,63299,2948],{"class":62},[44,63301,24257],{"class":2546},[44,63303,7745],{"class":54},[44,63305,7748],{"class":54},[44,63307,63308],{"class":50}," iterable\n",[20,63310,63311,63312,63314,63315,114],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[270,63313,4785],{"href":5234},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[270,63316,63317],{"href":52236},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[30,63319,63321],{"id":63320},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63323,63324,63325,63328],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63326,63327],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[35,63330,63332],{"className":37,"code":63331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63333,63334,63354,63368,63372,63382,63392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63335,63336,63338,63340,63342,63344,63346,63348,63350,63352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63337,11736],{"class":50},[44,63339,55],{"class":54},[44,63341,3273],{"class":58},[44,63343,1133],{"class":206},[44,63345,72],{"class":58},[44,63347,488],{"class":206},[44,63349,72],{"class":58},[44,63351,524],{"class":206},[44,63353,3286],{"class":58},[44,63355,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63357,13960],{"class":50},[44,63359,55],{"class":54},[44,63361,22199],{"class":2546},[44,63363,121],{"class":58},[44,63365,11783],{"class":117},[44,63367,100],{"class":58},[44,63369,63370],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63371,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,63373,63374,63376,63378,63380],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,63375,136],{"class":135},[44,63377,121],{"class":58},[44,63379,11783],{"class":117},[44,63381,100],{"class":58},[44,63383,63384,63386,63388,63390],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,63385,136],{"class":135},[44,63387,121],{"class":58},[44,63389,13979],{"class":117},[44,63391,100],{"class":58},[44,63393,63394,63396,63398,63400,63402,63404],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,63395,136],{"class":135},[44,63397,121],{"class":58},[44,63399,11736],{"class":117},[44,63401,11844],{"class":805},[44,63403,14033],{"class":117},[44,63405,100],{"class":58},[20,63407,247],{},[35,63409,63411],{"className":37,"code":63410,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63412,63413,63429,63445],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63414,63415,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63416,1271],{"class":58},[44,63418,1133],{"class":206},[44,63420,72],{"class":58},[44,63422,488],{"class":206},[44,63424,72],{"class":58},[44,63426,524],{"class":206},[44,63428,3286],{"class":58},[44,63430,63431,63433,63435,63437,63439,63441,63443],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63432,1271],{"class":58},[44,63434,1133],{"class":206},[44,63436,72],{"class":58},[44,63438,488],{"class":206},[44,63440,72],{"class":58},[44,63442,524],{"class":206},[44,63444,3286],{"class":58},[44,63446,63447],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63448,3690],{"class":3502},[20,63450,63451,63452,63454],{},"This means ",[15,63453,13979],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63456,63457,63458,63460],{},"However, this is only a ",[367,63459,12501],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[35,63462,63464],{"className":37,"code":63463,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63465,63466,63492,63506,63510,63528,63532,63542],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63467,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63469,11736],{"class":50},[44,63471,55],{"class":54},[44,63473,55930],{"class":58},[44,63475,1133],{"class":206},[44,63477,72],{"class":58},[44,63479,488],{"class":206},[44,63481,17705],{"class":58},[44,63483,3273],{"class":58},[44,63485,1141],{"class":206},[44,63487,72],{"class":58},[44,63489,1114],{"class":206},[44,63491,52878],{"class":58},[44,63493,63494,63496,63498,63500,63502,63504],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63495,13960],{"class":50},[44,63497,55],{"class":54},[44,63499,22199],{"class":2546},[44,63501,121],{"class":58},[44,63503,11783],{"class":117},[44,63505,100],{"class":58},[44,63507,63508],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,63509,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,63511,63512,63514,63516,63518,63520,63522,63524,63526],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,63513,13979],{"class":50},[44,63515,1271],{"class":58},[44,63517,186],{"class":206},[44,63519,13198],{"class":58},[44,63521,13201],{"class":117},[44,63523,121],{"class":58},[44,63525,55983],{"class":206},[44,63527,100],{"class":58},[44,63529,63530],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,63531,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,63533,63534,63536,63538,63540],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,63535,136],{"class":135},[44,63537,121],{"class":58},[44,63539,11783],{"class":117},[44,63541,100],{"class":58},[44,63543,63544,63546,63548,63550],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,63545,136],{"class":135},[44,63547,121],{"class":58},[44,63549,13979],{"class":117},[44,63551,100],{"class":58},[20,63553,247],{},[35,63555,63556],{"className":37,"code":56014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,63557,63558,63584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63559,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572,63574,63576,63578,63580,63582],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63561,56021],{"class":58},[44,63563,1133],{"class":206},[44,63565,72],{"class":58},[44,63567,488],{"class":206},[44,63569,72],{"class":58},[44,63571,9847],{"class":206},[44,63573,17705],{"class":58},[44,63575,3273],{"class":58},[44,63577,1141],{"class":206},[44,63579,72],{"class":58},[44,63581,1114],{"class":206},[44,63583,52878],{"class":58},[44,63585,63586,63588,63590,63592,63594,63596,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63587,56021],{"class":58},[44,63589,1133],{"class":206},[44,63591,72],{"class":58},[44,63593,488],{"class":206},[44,63595,72],{"class":58},[44,63597,9847],{"class":206},[44,63599,17705],{"class":58},[44,63601,3273],{"class":58},[44,63603,1141],{"class":206},[44,63605,72],{"class":58},[44,63607,1114],{"class":206},[44,63609,52878],{"class":58},[20,63611,63612],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63614,63615,63616,114],{},"For more on this, see ",[270,63617,13439],{"href":13438},[30,63619,63621],{"id":63620},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63623,63624,63625,114],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63626,24421],{},[338,63628,63630],{"id":63629},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[35,63632,63634],{"className":37,"code":63633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63635,63636,63676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63637,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652,63654,63656,63658,63660,63662,63664,63666,63668,63670,63672,63674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63639,12514],{"class":50},[44,63641,55],{"class":54},[44,63643,10141],{"class":58},[44,63645,63],{"class":62},[44,63647,7318],{"class":66},[44,63649,63],{"class":62},[44,63651,1155],{"class":58},[44,63653,75],{"class":62},[44,63655,7570],{"class":66},[44,63657,63],{"class":62},[44,63659,72],{"class":58},[44,63661,75],{"class":62},[44,63663,19534],{"class":66},[44,63665,63],{"class":62},[44,63667,1155],{"class":58},[44,63669,75],{"class":62},[44,63671,21885],{"class":66},[44,63673,63],{"class":62},[44,63675,8959],{"class":58},[44,63677,63678,63680,63682,63684,63686,63688],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63679,136],{"class":135},[44,63681,121],{"class":58},[44,63683,7742],{"class":2546},[44,63685,121],{"class":58},[44,63687,13274],{"class":117},[44,63689,244],{"class":58},[20,63691,247],{},[35,63693,63695],{"className":37,"code":63694,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63696,63697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63698,63699,63701,63703,63705,63707,63709,63711,63713,63715],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63700,1271],{"class":58},[44,63702,2948],{"class":62},[44,63704,7318],{"class":66},[44,63706,2948],{"class":62},[44,63708,72],{"class":58},[44,63710,2943],{"class":62},[44,63712,19534],{"class":66},[44,63714,2948],{"class":62},[44,63716,3286],{"class":58},[338,63718,63720],{"id":63719},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[35,63722,63724],{"className":37,"code":63723,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63725,63726,63766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750,63752,63754,63756,63758,63760,63762,63764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63729,12514],{"class":50},[44,63731,55],{"class":54},[44,63733,10141],{"class":58},[44,63735,63],{"class":62},[44,63737,7318],{"class":66},[44,63739,63],{"class":62},[44,63741,1155],{"class":58},[44,63743,75],{"class":62},[44,63745,7570],{"class":66},[44,63747,63],{"class":62},[44,63749,72],{"class":58},[44,63751,75],{"class":62},[44,63753,19534],{"class":66},[44,63755,63],{"class":62},[44,63757,1155],{"class":58},[44,63759,75],{"class":62},[44,63761,21885],{"class":66},[44,63763,63],{"class":62},[44,63765,8959],{"class":58},[44,63767,63768,63770,63772,63774,63776,63778,63780,63782],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63769,136],{"class":135},[44,63771,121],{"class":58},[44,63773,7742],{"class":2546},[44,63775,121],{"class":58},[44,63777,13274],{"class":117},[44,63779,114],{"class":58},[44,63781,962],{"class":117},[44,63783,5938],{"class":58},[20,63785,247],{},[35,63787,63789],{"className":37,"code":63788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63790,63791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63792,63793,63795,63797,63799,63801,63803,63805,63807,63809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63794,1271],{"class":58},[44,63796,2948],{"class":62},[44,63798,7570],{"class":66},[44,63800,2948],{"class":62},[44,63802,72],{"class":58},[44,63804,2943],{"class":62},[44,63806,21885],{"class":66},[44,63808,2948],{"class":62},[44,63810,3286],{"class":58},[338,63812,63814],{"id":63813},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[35,63816,63818],{"className":37,"code":63817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63819,63820,63860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63821,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848,63850,63852,63854,63856,63858],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63823,12514],{"class":50},[44,63825,55],{"class":54},[44,63827,10141],{"class":58},[44,63829,63],{"class":62},[44,63831,7318],{"class":66},[44,63833,63],{"class":62},[44,63835,1155],{"class":58},[44,63837,75],{"class":62},[44,63839,7570],{"class":66},[44,63841,63],{"class":62},[44,63843,72],{"class":58},[44,63845,75],{"class":62},[44,63847,19534],{"class":66},[44,63849,63],{"class":62},[44,63851,1155],{"class":58},[44,63853,75],{"class":62},[44,63855,21885],{"class":66},[44,63857,63],{"class":62},[44,63859,8959],{"class":58},[44,63861,63862,63864,63866,63868,63870,63872,63874,63876],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63863,136],{"class":135},[44,63865,121],{"class":58},[44,63867,7742],{"class":2546},[44,63869,121],{"class":58},[44,63871,13274],{"class":117},[44,63873,114],{"class":58},[44,63875,7458],{"class":117},[44,63877,5938],{"class":58},[20,63879,247],{},[35,63881,63883],{"className":37,"code":63882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63884,63885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63886,63887,63889,63891,63893,63895,63897,63899,63901,63903,63905,63907,63909,63911,63913,63915,63917,63919,63921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63888,21380],{"class":58},[44,63890,2948],{"class":62},[44,63892,7318],{"class":66},[44,63894,2948],{"class":62},[44,63896,72],{"class":58},[44,63898,2943],{"class":62},[44,63900,7570],{"class":66},[44,63902,2948],{"class":62},[44,63904,8884],{"class":58},[44,63906,59],{"class":58},[44,63908,2948],{"class":62},[44,63910,19534],{"class":66},[44,63912,2948],{"class":62},[44,63914,72],{"class":58},[44,63916,2943],{"class":62},[44,63918,21885],{"class":66},[44,63920,2948],{"class":62},[44,63922,8899],{"class":58},[20,63924,63925],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[30,63927,63929],{"id":63928},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63931,651,63932,654],{},[15,63933,24421],{},[169,63935,63936,63944,63953],{},[172,63937,63938,63939,2522,63941],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63940,52289],{},[15,63942,63943],{},"sort()",[172,63945,63946,63947,2522,63949,63952],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63948,35837],{},[15,63950,63951],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[172,63954,63955],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63957,45678,63958,1155],{},[15,63959,63951],{},[35,63961,63963],{"className":37,"code":63962,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63964,63965,63989,64005,64009,64032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,63966,63967,63969,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63985,63987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,63968,4643],{"class":50},[44,63970,55],{"class":54},[44,63972,3273],{"class":58},[44,63974,63],{"class":62},[44,63976,12531],{"class":66},[44,63978,63],{"class":62},[44,63980,72],{"class":58},[44,63982,75],{"class":62},[44,63984,35583],{"class":66},[44,63986,63],{"class":62},[44,63988,3286],{"class":58},[44,63990,63991,63993,63995,63997,63999,64001,64003],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,63992,4712],{"class":50},[44,63994,55],{"class":54},[44,63996,3273],{"class":58},[44,63998,13150],{"class":206},[44,64000,72],{"class":58},[44,64002,13155],{"class":206},[44,64004,3286],{"class":58},[44,64006,64007],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64008,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,64010,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64022,64024,64026,64028,64030],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,64012,8866],{"class":50},[44,64014,55],{"class":54},[44,64016,22199],{"class":2546},[44,64018,121],{"class":58},[44,64020,64021],{"class":135},"zip",[44,64023,121],{"class":58},[44,64025,4687],{"class":117},[44,64027,72],{"class":58},[44,64029,4759],{"class":117},[44,64031,244],{"class":58},[44,64033,64034,64036,64038,64040],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,64035,136],{"class":135},[44,64037,121],{"class":58},[44,64039,8912],{"class":117},[44,64041,100],{"class":58},[20,64043,247],{},[35,64045,64047],{"className":37,"code":64046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64048,64049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64050,64051,64053,64055,64057,64059,64061,64063,64065,64067,64069,64071,64073,64075,64077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64052,21380],{"class":58},[44,64054,2948],{"class":62},[44,64056,12531],{"class":66},[44,64058,2948],{"class":62},[44,64060,72],{"class":58},[44,64062,19541],{"class":206},[44,64064,8884],{"class":58},[44,64066,59],{"class":58},[44,64068,2948],{"class":62},[44,64070,35583],{"class":66},[44,64072,2948],{"class":62},[44,64074,72],{"class":58},[44,64076,13155],{"class":206},[44,64078,8899],{"class":58},[20,64080,64081,64082,64084,64085,114],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64083,52289],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[270,64086,52685],{"href":52684},[30,64088,4168],{"id":4167},[20,64090,56412,64091,114],{},[15,64092,24421],{},[338,64094,64096],{"id":64095},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64098,4175],{},[35,64100,64102],{"className":37,"code":64101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64103,64104,64108],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64105,64106],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64107,4185],{"class":147},[44,64109,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122,64124],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,64111,7742],{"class":2546},[44,64113,121],{"class":58},[44,64115,1133],{"class":206},[44,64117,72],{"class":58},[44,64119,488],{"class":206},[44,64121,72],{"class":58},[44,64123,524],{"class":206},[44,64125,100],{"class":58},[20,64127,64128,64130],{},[15,64129,24421],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64132,18338],{},[35,64134,64136],{"className":37,"code":64135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64137,64138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64139,64140,64142,64144,64146,64148,64150,64152,64154,64156,64158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64141,136],{"class":135},[44,64143,121],{"class":58},[44,64145,7742],{"class":2546},[44,64147,5158],{"class":58},[44,64149,1133],{"class":206},[44,64151,72],{"class":58},[44,64153,488],{"class":206},[44,64155,72],{"class":58},[44,64157,524],{"class":206},[44,64159,2557],{"class":58},[338,64161,64163,64164],{"id":64162},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[44,64165,64166],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64168,64169],{},"This is a common surprise:",[35,64171,64173],{"className":37,"code":64172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64174,64175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64176,64177,64179,64181,64183,64185,64187,64189,64191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64178,136],{"class":135},[44,64180,121],{"class":58},[44,64182,7742],{"class":2546},[44,64184,121],{"class":58},[44,64186,63],{"class":62},[44,64188,3495],{"class":66},[44,64190,63],{"class":62},[44,64192,244],{"class":58},[20,64194,247],{},[35,64196,64198],{"className":37,"code":64197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64199,64200],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64201,64202,64204,64206,64208,64210,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226,64228,64230,64232,64234,64236,64238,64240,64242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64203,1271],{"class":58},[44,64205,2948],{"class":62},[44,64207,60071],{"class":66},[44,64209,2948],{"class":62},[44,64211,72],{"class":58},[44,64213,2943],{"class":62},[44,64215,60080],{"class":66},[44,64217,2948],{"class":62},[44,64219,72],{"class":58},[44,64221,2943],{"class":62},[44,64223,60089],{"class":66},[44,64225,2948],{"class":62},[44,64227,72],{"class":58},[44,64229,2943],{"class":62},[44,64231,60089],{"class":66},[44,64233,2948],{"class":62},[44,64235,72],{"class":58},[44,64237,2943],{"class":62},[44,64239,60106],{"class":66},[44,64241,2948],{"class":62},[44,64243,3286],{"class":58},[20,64245,64246],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64248,64249],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[35,64251,64253],{"className":37,"code":64252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64254,64255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64256,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64258,136],{"class":135},[44,64260,2631],{"class":58},[44,64262,63],{"class":62},[44,64264,3495],{"class":66},[44,64266,63],{"class":62},[44,64268,3538],{"class":58},[338,64270,64272],{"id":64271},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64274,64275],{},"This:",[35,64277,64279],{"className":37,"code":64278,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64280,64281,64313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64282,64283,64285,64287,64289,64291,64293,64295,64297,64299,64301,64303,64305,64307,64309,64311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64284,8816],{"class":50},[44,64286,55],{"class":54},[44,64288,10141],{"class":58},[44,64290,63],{"class":62},[44,64292,270],{"class":66},[44,64294,63],{"class":62},[44,64296,1155],{"class":58},[44,64298,519],{"class":206},[44,64300,72],{"class":58},[44,64302,75],{"class":62},[44,64304,399],{"class":66},[44,64306,63],{"class":62},[44,64308,1155],{"class":58},[44,64310,488],{"class":206},[44,64312,8959],{"class":58},[44,64314,64315,64317,64319,64321,64323,64325],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,64316,136],{"class":135},[44,64318,121],{"class":58},[44,64320,7742],{"class":2546},[44,64322,121],{"class":58},[44,64324,8855],{"class":117},[44,64326,244],{"class":58},[20,64328,64329],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64331,651,64332,64335],{},[15,64333,64334],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[338,64337,64339],{"id":64338},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64341,64342,64344],{},[15,64343,24421],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64346,64347],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[30,64349,1497],{"id":1496},[338,64351,4828,64353,64355],{"id":64352},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[44,64354],{}," and list()?",[20,64357,64358,64359,64361,64362,64364],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64360,3437],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64363,24421],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[338,64366,64368],{"id":64367},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64370,64371,64372,64374],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64373,24421],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[338,64376,64378],{"id":64377},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64380,64381],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[338,64383,64385],{"id":64384},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64387,64388],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[338,64390,64392],{"id":64391},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64394,64395,64396,64398],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64397,24421],{}," cannot loop through it.",[30,64400,1554],{"id":1553},[169,64402,64403,64407,64412,64416,64420,64424,64428,64433],{},[172,64404,64405],{},[270,64406,52407],{"href":50615},[172,64408,64409],{},[270,64410,64411],{"href":35834},"Python range() function explained",[172,64413,64414],{},[270,64415,62849],{"href":62848},[172,64417,64418],{},[270,64419,63181],{"href":63180},[172,64421,64422],{},[270,64423,4865],{"href":5234},[172,64425,64426],{},[270,64427,13439],{"href":13438},[172,64429,64430],{},[270,64431,64432],{"href":52236},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[172,64434,64435],{},[270,64436,53914],{"href":52684},[1583,64438,64439],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":64441},[64442,64443,64444,64445,64446,64453,64454,64455,64460,64461,64468,64476],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":62551,"depth":103,"text":62552},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":59252,"depth":103,"text":59253},{"id":62779,"depth":103,"text":62780,"children":64447},[64448,64449,64450,64451,64452],{"id":62783,"depth":132,"text":62784},{"id":62852,"depth":132,"text":62853},{"id":62930,"depth":132,"text":62931},{"id":63005,"depth":132,"text":63006},{"id":63072,"depth":132,"text":63073},{"id":63184,"depth":103,"text":63185},{"id":63320,"depth":103,"text":63321},{"id":63620,"depth":103,"text":63621,"children":64456},[64457,64458,64459],{"id":63629,"depth":132,"text":63630},{"id":63719,"depth":132,"text":63720},{"id":63813,"depth":132,"text":63814},{"id":63928,"depth":103,"text":63929},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":64462},[64463,64464,64466,64467],{"id":64095,"depth":132,"text":64096},{"id":64162,"depth":132,"text":64465},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64271,"depth":132,"text":64272},{"id":64338,"depth":132,"text":64339},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":64469},[64470,64472,64473,64474,64475],{"id":64352,"depth":132,"text":64471},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64367,"depth":132,"text":64368},{"id":64377,"depth":132,"text":64378},{"id":64384,"depth":132,"text":64385},{"id":64391,"depth":132,"text":64392},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62385,"description":64477},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64484,"title":64485,"body":64486,"description":65822,"extension":1616,"meta":65823,"navigation":434,"path":65824,"seo":65825,"stem":65826,"__hash__":65827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64487,"toc":65797},[64488,64493,64498,64507,64509,64580,64589,64594,64598,64614,64618,64620,64622,64641,64644,64671,64674,64698,64706,64708,64713,64720,64722,64779,64781,64789,64795,64799,64802,64875,64877,64885,64888,64910,64917,64923,64927,64933,65004,65006,65014,65023,65030,65036,65044,65188,65190,65207,65210,65249,65252,65254,65259,65261,65320,65326,65328,65435,65437,65451,65454,65459,65461,65465,65613,65616,65677,65680,65683,65704,65709,65713,65723,65726,65728,65733,65736,65744,65749,65755,65758,65764,65772,65774,65794],[10,64489,53978,64491,18],{"id":64490},"python-list-index-method",[15,64492,17],{},[20,64494,64495,64497],{},[15,64496,1546],{}," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64499,64500,64501,64504,64505,114],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[367,64502,64503],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64506,686],{},[30,64508,3259],{"id":3258},[35,64510,64512],{"className":37,"code":64511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64513,64514,64546,64568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64515,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532,64534,64536,64538,64540,64542,64544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64517,7429],{"class":50},[44,64519,55],{"class":54},[44,64521,3273],{"class":58},[44,64523,63],{"class":62},[44,64525,1209],{"class":66},[44,64527,63],{"class":62},[44,64529,72],{"class":58},[44,64531,75],{"class":62},[44,64533,1218],{"class":66},[44,64535,63],{"class":62},[44,64537,72],{"class":58},[44,64539,75],{"class":62},[44,64541,3745],{"class":66},[44,64543,63],{"class":62},[44,64545,3286],{"class":58},[44,64547,64548,64550,64552,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,64549,106],{"class":50},[44,64551,55],{"class":54},[44,64553,5614],{"class":50},[44,64555,114],{"class":58},[44,64557,118],{"class":117},[44,64559,121],{"class":58},[44,64561,63],{"class":62},[44,64563,1218],{"class":66},[44,64565,63],{"class":62},[44,64567,100],{"class":58},[44,64569,64570,64572,64574,64576,64578],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64571,136],{"class":135},[44,64573,121],{"class":58},[44,64575,141],{"class":117},[44,64577,144],{"class":58},[44,64579,148],{"class":147},[20,64581,651,64582,64585,64586,64588],{},[15,64583,64584],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64587,686],{}," if the item is not found.",[30,64590,158,64592,161],{"id":64591},"what-listindex-does",[15,64593,1546],{},[20,64595,64596,1155],{},[15,64597,1546],{},[169,64599,64600,64603,64606,64611],{},[172,64601,64602],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[172,64604,64605],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[172,64607,64608,64609],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64610,186],{},[172,64612,64613],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64615,54203,64616,114],{},[270,64617,52407],{"href":54206},[30,64619,277],{"id":276},[20,64621,30365],{},[35,64623,64625],{"className":37,"code":64624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64626,64627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64628,64629,64631,64633,64635,64637,64639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64630,7988],{"class":50},[44,64632,114],{"class":58},[44,64634,118],{"class":117},[44,64636,121],{"class":58},[44,64638,302],{"class":117},[44,64640,100],{"class":58},[20,64642,64643],{},"You can also limit the search:",[35,64645,64647],{"className":37,"code":64646,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64648,64649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64650,64651,64653,64655,64657,64659,64661,64663,64665,64667,64669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64652,7988],{"class":50},[44,64654,114],{"class":58},[44,64656,118],{"class":117},[44,64658,121],{"class":58},[44,64660,302],{"class":117},[44,64662,72],{"class":58},[44,64664,329],{"class":117},[44,64666,72],{"class":58},[44,64668,334],{"class":117},[44,64670,100],{"class":58},[20,64672,64673],{},"Here is what each part means:",[169,64675,64676,64681,64686,64691],{},[172,64677,64678,64680],{},[15,64679,302],{},": the item to search for",[172,64682,64683,64685],{},[15,64684,353],{},": where the search begins",[172,64687,64688,64690],{},[15,64689,359],{},": where the search stops",[172,64692,64693,365,64695,64697],{},[15,64694,359],{},[367,64696,369],{}," in the search range",[20,64699,64700,64701,64703,64704,114],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64702,353],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64705,359],{},[30,64707,37657],{"id":37656},[20,64709,64710,64712],{},[15,64711,1546],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64714,64715,64716,64719],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[367,64717,64718],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64721,189],{},[35,64723,64725],{"className":37,"code":64724,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64726,64727,64747,64765,64769],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64728,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64730,199],{"class":50},[44,64732,55],{"class":54},[44,64734,3273],{"class":58},[44,64736,207],{"class":206},[44,64738,72],{"class":58},[44,64740,212],{"class":206},[44,64742,72],{"class":58},[44,64744,217],{"class":206},[44,64746,3286],{"class":58},[44,64748,64749,64751,64753,64755,64757,64759,64761,64763],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,64750,604],{"class":50},[44,64752,55],{"class":54},[44,64754,3912],{"class":50},[44,64756,114],{"class":58},[44,64758,118],{"class":117},[44,64760,121],{"class":58},[44,64762,241],{"class":206},[44,64764,100],{"class":58},[44,64766,64767],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64768,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,64770,64771,64773,64775,64777],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,64772,136],{"class":135},[44,64774,121],{"class":58},[44,64776,632],{"class":117},[44,64778,100],{"class":58},[20,64780,247],{},[35,64782,64783],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64784,64785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64786,64787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64788,250],{"class":206},[20,64790,64791,64792,64794],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64793,17],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[30,64796,64798],{"id":64797},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64800,64801],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[35,64803,64805],{"className":37,"code":64804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64806,64807,64839,64861,64865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64808,64809,64811,64813,64815,64817,64819,64821,64823,64825,64827,64829,64831,64833,64835,64837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64810,1200],{"class":50},[44,64812,55],{"class":54},[44,64814,3273],{"class":58},[44,64816,63],{"class":62},[44,64818,1209],{"class":66},[44,64820,63],{"class":62},[44,64822,72],{"class":58},[44,64824,75],{"class":62},[44,64826,1218],{"class":66},[44,64828,63],{"class":62},[44,64830,72],{"class":58},[44,64832,75],{"class":62},[44,64834,3745],{"class":66},[44,64836,63],{"class":62},[44,64838,3286],{"class":58},[44,64840,64841,64843,64845,64847,64849,64851,64853,64855,64857,64859],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,64842,106],{"class":50},[44,64844,55],{"class":54},[44,64846,52487],{"class":50},[44,64848,114],{"class":58},[44,64850,118],{"class":117},[44,64852,121],{"class":58},[44,64854,63],{"class":62},[44,64856,3745],{"class":66},[44,64858,63],{"class":62},[44,64860,100],{"class":58},[44,64862,64863],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64864,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,64866,64867,64869,64871,64873],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,64868,136],{"class":135},[44,64870,121],{"class":58},[44,64872,141],{"class":117},[44,64874,100],{"class":58},[20,64876,247],{},[35,64878,64879],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,64880,64881],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64882,64883],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64884,1121],{"class":206},[20,64886,64887],{},"In this list:",[169,64889,64890,64897,64903],{},[172,64891,64892,64894,64895],{},[15,64893,57468],{}," is at index ",[15,64896,186],{},[172,64898,64899,64894,64901],{},[15,64900,1289],{},[15,64902,1133],{},[172,64904,64905,64894,64908],{},[15,64906,64907],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64909,1137],{},[20,64911,53289,64912,2044,64915,114],{},[15,64913,64914],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64916,1137],{},[20,64918,51179,64919,114],{},[270,64920,64922],{"href":64921},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[30,64924,64926],{"id":64925},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64928,64929,64930,64932],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64931,17],{}," returns the first match only.",[35,64934,64936],{"className":37,"code":64935,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64937,64938,64978,64982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,64939,64940,64942,64944,64946,64948,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972,64974,64976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,64941,51],{"class":50},[44,64943,55],{"class":54},[44,64945,3273],{"class":58},[44,64947,63],{"class":62},[44,64949,67],{"class":66},[44,64951,63],{"class":62},[44,64953,72],{"class":58},[44,64955,75],{"class":62},[44,64957,78],{"class":66},[44,64959,63],{"class":62},[44,64961,72],{"class":58},[44,64963,75],{"class":62},[44,64965,67],{"class":66},[44,64967,63],{"class":62},[44,64969,72],{"class":58},[44,64971,75],{"class":62},[44,64973,87],{"class":66},[44,64975,63],{"class":62},[44,64977,3286],{"class":58},[44,64979,64980],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,64981,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,64983,64984,64986,64988,64990,64992,64994,64996,64998,65000,65002],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,64985,136],{"class":135},[44,64987,121],{"class":58},[44,64989,734],{"class":117},[44,64991,114],{"class":58},[44,64993,118],{"class":117},[44,64995,121],{"class":58},[44,64997,63],{"class":62},[44,64999,67],{"class":66},[44,65001,63],{"class":62},[44,65003,244],{"class":58},[20,65005,247],{},[35,65007,65008],{"className":37,"code":46889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,65009,65010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65011,65012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65013,46889],{"class":206},[20,65015,259,65016,65019,65020,65022],{},[15,65017,65018],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65021,186],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65024,65025,65026,114],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[270,65027,55156,65028,1180],{"href":58659},[15,65029,1179],{},[30,65031,895,65032,898,65034],{"id":894},[15,65033,353],{},[15,65035,359],{},[20,65037,65038,65039,898,65041,65043],{},"The optional ",[15,65040,353],{},[15,65042,359],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[35,65045,65047],{"className":37,"code":65046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65048,65049,65097,65101,65126,65155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65050,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061,65063,65065,65067,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089,65091,65093,65095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65052,382],{"class":50},[44,65054,55],{"class":54},[44,65056,3273],{"class":58},[44,65058,63],{"class":62},[44,65060,270],{"class":66},[44,65062,63],{"class":62},[44,65064,72],{"class":58},[44,65066,75],{"class":62},[44,65068,399],{"class":66},[44,65070,63],{"class":62},[44,65072,72],{"class":58},[44,65074,75],{"class":62},[44,65076,408],{"class":66},[44,65078,63],{"class":62},[44,65080,72],{"class":58},[44,65082,75],{"class":62},[44,65084,399],{"class":66},[44,65086,63],{"class":62},[44,65088,72],{"class":58},[44,65090,75],{"class":62},[44,65092,425],{"class":66},[44,65094,63],{"class":62},[44,65096,3286],{"class":58},[44,65098,65099],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,65100,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,65102,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65104,136],{"class":135},[44,65106,121],{"class":58},[44,65108,444],{"class":117},[44,65110,114],{"class":58},[44,65112,118],{"class":117},[44,65114,121],{"class":58},[44,65116,63],{"class":62},[44,65118,399],{"class":66},[44,65120,63],{"class":62},[44,65122,459],{"class":58},[44,65124,65125],{"class":147},"        # first match\n",[44,65127,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,65129,136],{"class":135},[44,65131,121],{"class":58},[44,65133,444],{"class":117},[44,65135,114],{"class":58},[44,65137,118],{"class":117},[44,65139,121],{"class":58},[44,65141,63],{"class":62},[44,65143,399],{"class":66},[44,65145,63],{"class":62},[44,65147,72],{"class":58},[44,65149,488],{"class":206},[44,65151,459],{"class":58},[44,65153,65154],{"class":147},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[44,65156,65157,65159,65161,65163,65165,65167,65169,65171,65173,65175,65177,65179,65181,65183,65185],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,65158,136],{"class":135},[44,65160,121],{"class":58},[44,65162,444],{"class":117},[44,65164,114],{"class":58},[44,65166,118],{"class":117},[44,65168,121],{"class":58},[44,65170,63],{"class":62},[44,65172,399],{"class":66},[44,65174,63],{"class":62},[44,65176,72],{"class":58},[44,65178,519],{"class":206},[44,65180,72],{"class":58},[44,65182,1114],{"class":206},[44,65184,459],{"class":58},[44,65186,65187],{"class":147},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65189,247],{},[35,65191,65193],{"className":37,"code":65192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65194,65195,65199,65203],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65196,65197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65198,250],{"class":206},[44,65200,65201],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,65202,46255],{"class":206},[44,65204,65205],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65206,250],{"class":206},[20,65208,65209],{},"How this works:",[169,65211,65212,65224,65237],{},[172,65213,65214,65217,65218,65221,65222],{},[15,65215,65216],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65219,65220],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65223,1133],{},[172,65225,65226,65229,65230,65232,65233,65221,65235],{},[15,65227,65228],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65231,1137],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65234,65220],{},[15,65236,1141],{},[172,65238,65239,65242,65243,1134,65245,1138,65247],{},[15,65240,65241],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65244,1133],{},[15,65246,1137],{},[15,65248,1141],{},[20,65250,65251],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[30,65253,680],{"id":679},[20,65255,65256,65257,114],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65258,686],{},[20,65260,189],{},[35,65262,65264],{"className":37,"code":65263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65265,65266,65298],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65267,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286,65288,65290,65292,65294,65296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65269,7429],{"class":50},[44,65271,55],{"class":54},[44,65273,3273],{"class":58},[44,65275,63],{"class":62},[44,65277,1209],{"class":66},[44,65279,63],{"class":62},[44,65281,72],{"class":58},[44,65283,75],{"class":62},[44,65285,1218],{"class":66},[44,65287,63],{"class":62},[44,65289,72],{"class":58},[44,65291,75],{"class":62},[44,65293,3745],{"class":66},[44,65295,63],{"class":62},[44,65297,3286],{"class":58},[44,65299,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,65301,136],{"class":135},[44,65303,121],{"class":58},[44,65305,7458],{"class":117},[44,65307,114],{"class":58},[44,65309,118],{"class":117},[44,65311,121],{"class":58},[44,65313,63],{"class":62},[44,65315,1227],{"class":66},[44,65317,63],{"class":62},[44,65319,244],{"class":58},[20,65321,752,65322,65325],{},[15,65323,65324],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65327,759],{},[35,65329,65331],{"className":37,"code":65330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65332,65333,65365,65378,65382,65395,65414,65420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65334,65335,65337,65339,65341,65343,65345,65347,65349,65351,65353,65355,65357,65359,65361,65363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65336,7429],{"class":50},[44,65338,55],{"class":54},[44,65340,3273],{"class":58},[44,65342,63],{"class":62},[44,65344,1209],{"class":66},[44,65346,63],{"class":62},[44,65348,72],{"class":58},[44,65350,75],{"class":62},[44,65352,1218],{"class":66},[44,65354,63],{"class":62},[44,65356,72],{"class":58},[44,65358,75],{"class":62},[44,65360,3745],{"class":66},[44,65362,63],{"class":62},[44,65364,3286],{"class":58},[44,65366,65367,65370,65372,65374,65376],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,65368,65369],{"class":50},"search_value ",[44,65371,55],{"class":54},[44,65373,75],{"class":62},[44,65375,1227],{"class":66},[44,65377,3007],{"class":62},[44,65379,65380],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65381,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,65383,65384,65386,65389,65391,65393],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,65385,806],{"class":805},[44,65387,65388],{"class":50}," search_value ",[44,65390,1383],{"class":54},[44,65392,5614],{"class":50},[44,65394,820],{"class":58},[44,65396,65397,65399,65401,65403,65405,65407,65409,65412],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,65398,825],{"class":135},[44,65400,121],{"class":58},[44,65402,7458],{"class":117},[44,65404,114],{"class":58},[44,65406,118],{"class":117},[44,65408,121],{"class":58},[44,65410,65411],{"class":117},"search_value",[44,65413,244],{"class":58},[44,65415,65416,65418],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,65417,848],{"class":805},[44,65419,820],{"class":58},[44,65421,65422,65424,65426,65428,65431,65433],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,65423,825],{"class":135},[44,65425,121],{"class":58},[44,65427,63],{"class":62},[44,65429,65430],{"class":66},"Item not found",[44,65432,63],{"class":62},[44,65434,100],{"class":58},[20,65436,247],{},[35,65438,65440],{"className":37,"code":65439,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Item not found\n",[15,65441,65442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65443,65444,65447,65449],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65445,65446],{"class":50},"Item ",[44,65448,881],{"class":54},[44,65450,884],{"class":50},[20,65452,65453],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65455,65456,65457,114],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[270,65458,891],{"href":890},[30,65460,4168],{"id":4167},[20,65462,20852,65463,1155],{},[15,65464,1546],{},[169,65466,65467,65485,65497,65557],{},[172,65468,25414,65469,2044,65471,65474,65475,65477,65478,4809,65480,65482,65483,114],{},[15,65470,17],{},[15,65472,65473],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9496,65476],{},"\nPython does ",[367,65479,881],{},[15,65481,65473],{},". It raises ",[15,65484,686],{},[172,65486,65487,65488,65490,65493,65494,65496],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9496,65489],{},[15,65491,65492],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65495,1289],{},", not the value itself.",[172,65498,895,65499,10742,65502,65504,65506,65507,16303,65509,65532,16291,65534],{},[15,65500,65501],{},"index[]",[15,65503,17],{},[9496,65505],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9496,65508],{},[35,65510,65512],{"className":37,"code":65511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65513,65514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65515,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65517,7458],{"class":50},[44,65519,114],{"class":58},[44,65521,118],{"class":117},[44,65523,121],{"class":58},[44,65525,63],{"class":62},[44,65527,1218],{"class":66},[44,65529,63],{"class":62},[44,65531,100],{"class":58},[9496,65533],{},[35,65535,65537],{"className":37,"code":65536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65538,65539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65540,65541,65543,65545,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65542,7458],{"class":50},[44,65544,114],{"class":58},[44,65546,118],{"class":24390},[44,65548,1271],{"class":58},[44,65550,63],{"class":62},[44,65552,1218],{"class":66},[44,65554,63],{"class":62},[44,65556,3286],{"class":58},[172,65558,65559,65560,65562,898,65565,65567,65568],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9496,65561],{},[15,65563,65564],{},"\"3\"",[15,65566,1141],{}," are different values in Python.",[35,65569,65571],{"className":37,"code":65570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65572,65573,65593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65574,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65576,199],{"class":50},[44,65578,55],{"class":54},[44,65580,3273],{"class":58},[44,65582,1133],{"class":206},[44,65584,72],{"class":58},[44,65586,488],{"class":206},[44,65588,72],{"class":58},[44,65590,524],{"class":206},[44,65592,3286],{"class":58},[44,65594,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603,65605,65607,65609,65611],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,65596,136],{"class":135},[44,65598,121],{"class":58},[44,65600,63],{"class":62},[44,65602,1141],{"class":66},[44,65604,63],{"class":62},[44,65606,815],{"class":805},[44,65608,3912],{"class":117},[44,65610,144],{"class":58},[44,65612,4420],{"class":147},[20,65614,65615],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[35,65617,65619],{"className":37,"code":65618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65620,65621,65631,65645,65659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65622,65623,65625,65627,65629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65624,136],{"class":135},[44,65626,121],{"class":58},[44,65628,7988],{"class":117},[44,65630,100],{"class":58},[44,65632,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,65634,136],{"class":135},[44,65636,121],{"class":58},[44,65638,2868],{"class":2546},[44,65640,121],{"class":58},[44,65642,65411],{"class":117},[44,65644,244],{"class":58},[44,65646,65647,65649,65651,65653,65655,65657],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65648,136],{"class":135},[44,65650,121],{"class":58},[44,65652,65369],{"class":117},[44,65654,1383],{"class":805},[44,65656,8045],{"class":117},[44,65658,100],{"class":58},[44,65660,65661,65663,65665,65667,65669,65671,65673,65675],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,65662,136],{"class":135},[44,65664,121],{"class":58},[44,65666,7988],{"class":117},[44,65668,114],{"class":58},[44,65670,118],{"class":117},[44,65672,121],{"class":58},[44,65674,65411],{"class":117},[44,65676,244],{"class":58},[20,65678,65679],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65681,65682],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[169,65684,65685,65688,65695,65701],{},[172,65686,65687],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[172,65689,65690,65691,10742,65693],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65692,65564],{},[15,65694,1141],{},[172,65696,65697,65698,65700],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65699,17],{}," returns only the first one",[172,65702,65703],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[30,65705,4609,65707],{"id":65706},"when-to-use-index",[15,65708,17],{},[20,65710,651,65711,654],{},[15,65712,17],{},[169,65714,65715,65717,65720],{},[172,65716,659],{},[172,65718,65719],{},"You are working with a small list",[172,65721,65722],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65724,65725],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[30,65727,1497],{"id":1496},[338,65729,1501,65731,4793],{"id":65730},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65732,1546],{},[20,65734,65735],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[338,65737,12355,65739,4809,65741,65743],{"id":65738},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65740,1546],{},[15,65742,65473],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65745,65746,65747,6280],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65748,686],{},[338,65750,4818,65752,65754],{"id":65751},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65753,1546],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65756,65757],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[338,65759,65761,65762,1547],{"id":65760},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65763,17],{},[20,65765,65766,65767,898,65769,65771],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65768,353],{},[15,65770,359],{}," arguments.",[30,65773,1554],{"id":1553},[169,65775,65776,65780,65784,65788],{},[172,65777,65778],{},[270,65779,58589],{"href":64921},[172,65781,65782],{},[270,65783,52407],{"href":54206},[172,65785,65786],{},[270,65787,891],{"href":890},[172,65789,65790],{},[270,65791,55156,65792,1180],{"href":58659},[15,65793,1179],{},[1583,65795,65796],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":65798},[65799,65800,65802,65803,65804,65805,65806,65807,65808,65809,65811,65821],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":64591,"depth":103,"text":65801},"What list.index() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":37656,"depth":103,"text":37657},{"id":64797,"depth":103,"text":64798},{"id":64925,"depth":103,"text":64926},{"id":894,"depth":103,"text":1598},{"id":679,"depth":103,"text":680},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168},{"id":65706,"depth":103,"text":65810},"When to use index()",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":65812},[65813,65815,65817,65819],{"id":65730,"depth":132,"text":65814},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65738,"depth":132,"text":65816},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65751,"depth":132,"text":65818},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65760,"depth":132,"text":65820},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64485,"description":65822},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65829,"title":65830,"body":65831,"description":67773,"extension":1616,"meta":67774,"navigation":434,"path":67775,"seo":67776,"stem":67777,"__hash__":67778},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65832,"toc":67733},[65833,65838,65843,65846,65855,65912,65918,65923,65927,65941,65947,65949,65972,65989,65991,66052,66054,66086,66099,66101,66104,66204,66206,66284,66290,66294,66302,66306,66312,66367,66369,66393,66397,66400,66453,66455,66479,66483,66486,66539,66541,66565,66569,66575,66646,66648,66689,66695,66702,66705,66710,66718,66723,66731,66733,66830,66832,66901,66908,66913,66915,66919,66924,66926,66997,66999,67028,67034,67036,67063,67066,67089,67093,67096,67118,67121,67144,67146,67206,67208,67240,67246,67251,67304,67306,67331,67334,67383,67385,67406,67410,67415,67418,67473,67475,67502,67509,67513,67518,67589,67592,67606,67611,67616,67618,67632,67644,67649,67651,67656,67661,67665,67668,67674,67680,67687,67695,67697,67730],[10,65834,53978,65836,18],{"id":65835},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65837,53904],{},[20,65839,65840,65842],{},[15,65841,53547],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65844,65845],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65847,651,65848,65850,65851,114],{},[15,65849,53904],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[270,65852,55156,65853,1180],{"href":56405},[15,65854,52289],{},[35,65856,65858],{"className":37,"code":65857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65859,65860,65880,65898,65908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65861,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874,65876,65878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65863,199],{"class":50},[44,65865,55],{"class":54},[44,65867,3273],{"class":58},[44,65869,1133],{"class":206},[44,65871,72],{"class":58},[44,65873,488],{"class":206},[44,65875,72],{"class":58},[44,65877,1114],{"class":206},[44,65879,3286],{"class":58},[44,65881,65882,65884,65886,65888,65890,65892,65894,65896],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,65883,232],{"class":50},[44,65885,114],{"class":58},[44,65887,53587],{"class":117},[44,65889,121],{"class":58},[44,65891,1137],{"class":206},[44,65893,72],{"class":58},[44,65895,524],{"class":206},[44,65897,100],{"class":58},[44,65899,65900,65902,65904,65906],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,65901,136],{"class":135},[44,65903,121],{"class":58},[44,65905,232],{"class":117},[44,65907,100],{"class":58},[44,65909,65910],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,65911,52359],{"class":147},[20,65913,651,65914,65917],{},[15,65915,65916],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[30,65919,158,65921,161],{"id":65920},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65922,53547],{},[20,65924,65925,1155],{},[15,65926,53547],{},[169,65928,65929,65932,65935,65937],{},[172,65930,65931],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[172,65933,65934],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[172,65936,54064],{},[172,65938,11072,65939],{},[15,65940,3428],{},[20,65942,65943,65944,65946],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65945,53904],{}," does not create a new list.",[30,65948,5079],{"id":5078},[35,65950,65952],{"className":37,"code":65951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65953,65954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65955,65956,65958,65960,65962,65964,65966,65968,65970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65957,7988],{"class":50},[44,65959,114],{"class":58},[44,65961,53587],{"class":117},[44,65963,121],{"class":58},[44,65965,118],{"class":117},[44,65967,72],{"class":58},[44,65969,29146],{"class":117},[44,65971,100],{"class":58},[169,65973,65974,65979,65984],{},[172,65975,65976,65978],{},[15,65977,118],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[172,65980,65981,65983],{},[15,65982,22950],{}," is the value to add",[172,65985,65986,65987],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65988,186],{},[20,65990,189],{},[35,65992,65994],{"className":37,"code":65993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65995,65996,66020,66042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,65997,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,65999,382],{"class":50},[44,66001,55],{"class":54},[44,66003,3273],{"class":58},[44,66005,63],{"class":62},[44,66007,270],{"class":66},[44,66009,63],{"class":62},[44,66011,72],{"class":58},[44,66013,75],{"class":62},[44,66015,408],{"class":66},[44,66017,63],{"class":62},[44,66019,3286],{"class":58},[44,66021,66022,66024,66026,66028,66030,66032,66034,66036,66038,66040],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66023,444],{"class":50},[44,66025,114],{"class":58},[44,66027,53587],{"class":117},[44,66029,121],{"class":58},[44,66031,1133],{"class":206},[44,66033,72],{"class":58},[44,66035,75],{"class":62},[44,66037,399],{"class":66},[44,66039,63],{"class":62},[44,66041,100],{"class":58},[44,66043,66044,66046,66048,66050],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66045,136],{"class":135},[44,66047,121],{"class":58},[44,66049,444],{"class":117},[44,66051,100],{"class":58},[20,66053,247],{},[35,66055,66056],{"className":37,"code":42512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66057,66058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66059,66060,66062,66064,66066,66068,66070,66072,66074,66076,66078,66080,66082,66084],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66061,1271],{"class":58},[44,66063,2948],{"class":62},[44,66065,270],{"class":66},[44,66067,2948],{"class":62},[44,66069,72],{"class":58},[44,66071,2943],{"class":62},[44,66073,399],{"class":66},[44,66075,2948],{"class":62},[44,66077,72],{"class":58},[44,66079,2943],{"class":62},[44,66081,408],{"class":66},[44,66083,2948],{"class":62},[44,66085,3286],{"class":58},[20,66087,20413,66088,66090,66091,66093,66094,898,66096,114],{},[15,66089,65220],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66092,1133],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66095,17739],{},[15,66097,66098],{},"\"c\"",[30,66100,5435],{"id":5434},[20,66102,66103],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[35,66105,66107],{"className":37,"code":66106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66108,66109,66141,66159,66163,66185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66110,66111,66113,66115,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135,66137,66139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66112,51],{"class":50},[44,66114,55],{"class":54},[44,66116,3273],{"class":58},[44,66118,63],{"class":62},[44,66120,67],{"class":66},[44,66122,63],{"class":62},[44,66124,72],{"class":58},[44,66126,75],{"class":62},[44,66128,78],{"class":66},[44,66130,63],{"class":62},[44,66132,72],{"class":58},[44,66134,75],{"class":62},[44,66136,87],{"class":66},[44,66138,63],{"class":62},[44,66140,3286],{"class":58},[44,66142,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66144,136],{"class":135},[44,66146,121],{"class":58},[44,66148,63],{"class":62},[44,66150,11213],{"class":66},[44,66152,63],{"class":62},[44,66154,72],{"class":58},[44,66156,111],{"class":117},[44,66158,100],{"class":58},[44,66160,66161],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66162,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,66164,66165,66167,66169,66171,66173,66175,66177,66179,66181,66183],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,66166,734],{"class":50},[44,66168,114],{"class":58},[44,66170,53587],{"class":117},[44,66172,121],{"class":58},[44,66174,1133],{"class":206},[44,66176,72],{"class":58},[44,66178,75],{"class":62},[44,66180,745],{"class":66},[44,66182,63],{"class":62},[44,66184,100],{"class":58},[44,66186,66187,66189,66191,66193,66196,66198,66200,66202],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,66188,136],{"class":135},[44,66190,121],{"class":58},[44,66192,63],{"class":62},[44,66194,66195],{"class":66},"After: ",[44,66197,63],{"class":62},[44,66199,72],{"class":58},[44,66201,111],{"class":117},[44,66203,100],{"class":58},[20,66205,247],{},[35,66207,66209],{"className":37,"code":66208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66210,66211,66243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66212,66213,66215,66217,66219,66221,66223,66225,66227,66229,66231,66233,66235,66237,66239,66241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66214,11273],{"class":50},[44,66216,1155],{"class":58},[44,66218,3273],{"class":58},[44,66220,2948],{"class":62},[44,66222,67],{"class":66},[44,66224,2948],{"class":62},[44,66226,72],{"class":58},[44,66228,2943],{"class":62},[44,66230,78],{"class":66},[44,66232,2948],{"class":62},[44,66234,72],{"class":58},[44,66236,2943],{"class":62},[44,66238,87],{"class":66},[44,66240,2948],{"class":62},[44,66242,3286],{"class":58},[44,66244,66245,66247,66249,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260,66262,66264,66266,66268,66270,66272,66274,66276,66278,66280,66282],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66246,11326],{"class":50},[44,66248,1155],{"class":58},[44,66250,66251],{"class":58},"  [",[44,66253,2948],{"class":62},[44,66255,67],{"class":66},[44,66257,2948],{"class":62},[44,66259,72],{"class":58},[44,66261,2943],{"class":62},[44,66263,745],{"class":66},[44,66265,2948],{"class":62},[44,66267,72],{"class":58},[44,66269,2943],{"class":62},[44,66271,78],{"class":66},[44,66273,2948],{"class":62},[44,66275,72],{"class":58},[44,66277,2943],{"class":62},[44,66279,87],{"class":66},[44,66281,2948],{"class":62},[44,66283,3286],{"class":58},[20,66285,66286,66287,66289],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66288,1133],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[30,66291,66293],{"id":66292},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66295,164,66296,34972,66298,66301],{},[15,66297,118],{},[15,66299,66300],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[338,66303,66305],{"id":66304},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66307,66308,66309,66311],{},"Use index ",[15,66310,186],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[35,66313,66315],{"className":37,"code":66314,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66316,66317,66338,66357],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66318,66319,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66320,66321],{"class":50},"nums ",[44,66323,55],{"class":54},[44,66325,3273],{"class":58},[44,66327,1137],{"class":206},[44,66329,72],{"class":58},[44,66331,524],{"class":206},[44,66333,72],{"class":58},[44,66335,1114],{"class":206},[44,66337,3286],{"class":58},[44,66339,66340,66343,66345,66347,66349,66351,66353,66355],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66341,66342],{"class":50},"nums",[44,66344,114],{"class":58},[44,66346,53587],{"class":117},[44,66348,121],{"class":58},[44,66350,186],{"class":206},[44,66352,72],{"class":58},[44,66354,519],{"class":206},[44,66356,100],{"class":58},[44,66358,66359,66361,66363,66365],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66360,136],{"class":135},[44,66362,121],{"class":58},[44,66364,66342],{"class":117},[44,66366,100],{"class":58},[20,66368,247],{},[35,66370,66371],{"className":37,"code":53141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66372,66373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66374,66375,66377,66379,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66376,1271],{"class":58},[44,66378,1133],{"class":206},[44,66380,72],{"class":58},[44,66382,488],{"class":206},[44,66384,72],{"class":58},[44,66386,524],{"class":206},[44,66388,72],{"class":58},[44,66390,1114],{"class":206},[44,66392,3286],{"class":58},[338,66394,66396],{"id":66395},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66398,66399],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[35,66401,66403],{"className":37,"code":66402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66404,66405,66425,66443],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66406,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419,66421,66423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66408,66321],{"class":50},[44,66410,55],{"class":54},[44,66412,3273],{"class":58},[44,66414,1133],{"class":206},[44,66416,72],{"class":58},[44,66418,488],{"class":206},[44,66420,72],{"class":58},[44,66422,1114],{"class":206},[44,66424,3286],{"class":58},[44,66426,66427,66429,66431,66433,66435,66437,66439,66441],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66428,66342],{"class":50},[44,66430,114],{"class":58},[44,66432,53587],{"class":117},[44,66434,121],{"class":58},[44,66436,1137],{"class":206},[44,66438,72],{"class":58},[44,66440,524],{"class":206},[44,66442,100],{"class":58},[44,66444,66445,66447,66449,66451],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66446,136],{"class":135},[44,66448,121],{"class":58},[44,66450,66342],{"class":117},[44,66452,100],{"class":58},[20,66454,247],{},[35,66456,66457],{"className":37,"code":53141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66458,66459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66460,66461,66463,66465,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66462,1271],{"class":58},[44,66464,1133],{"class":206},[44,66466,72],{"class":58},[44,66468,488],{"class":206},[44,66470,72],{"class":58},[44,66472,524],{"class":206},[44,66474,72],{"class":58},[44,66476,1114],{"class":206},[44,66478,3286],{"class":58},[338,66480,66482],{"id":66481},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66484,66485],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[35,66487,66489],{"className":37,"code":66488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66490,66491,66511,66529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66492,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503,66505,66507,66509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66494,66321],{"class":50},[44,66496,55],{"class":54},[44,66498,3273],{"class":58},[44,66500,1133],{"class":206},[44,66502,72],{"class":58},[44,66504,488],{"class":206},[44,66506,72],{"class":58},[44,66508,524],{"class":206},[44,66510,3286],{"class":58},[44,66512,66513,66515,66517,66519,66521,66523,66525,66527],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66514,66342],{"class":50},[44,66516,114],{"class":58},[44,66518,53587],{"class":117},[44,66520,121],{"class":58},[44,66522,207],{"class":206},[44,66524,72],{"class":58},[44,66526,1114],{"class":206},[44,66528,100],{"class":58},[44,66530,66531,66533,66535,66537],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66532,136],{"class":135},[44,66534,121],{"class":58},[44,66536,66342],{"class":117},[44,66538,100],{"class":58},[20,66540,247],{},[35,66542,66543],{"className":37,"code":53141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,66544,66545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66546,66547,66549,66551,66553,66555,66557,66559,66561,66563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66548,1271],{"class":58},[44,66550,1133],{"class":206},[44,66552,72],{"class":58},[44,66554,488],{"class":206},[44,66556,72],{"class":58},[44,66558,524],{"class":206},[44,66560,72],{"class":58},[44,66562,1114],{"class":206},[44,66564,3286],{"class":58},[338,66566,66568],{"id":66567},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66570,66571,66572,66574],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66573,53904],{}," places the item before that position.",[35,66576,66578],{"className":37,"code":66577,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66579,66580,66612,66636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66581,66582,66584,66586,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66583,382],{"class":50},[44,66585,55],{"class":54},[44,66587,3273],{"class":58},[44,66589,63],{"class":62},[44,66591,270],{"class":66},[44,66593,63],{"class":62},[44,66595,72],{"class":58},[44,66597,75],{"class":62},[44,66599,399],{"class":66},[44,66601,63],{"class":62},[44,66603,72],{"class":58},[44,66605,75],{"class":62},[44,66607,425],{"class":66},[44,66609,63],{"class":62},[44,66611,3286],{"class":58},[44,66613,66614,66616,66618,66620,66622,66624,66626,66628,66630,66632,66634],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66615,444],{"class":50},[44,66617,114],{"class":58},[44,66619,53587],{"class":117},[44,66621,121],{"class":58},[44,66623,1674],{"class":54},[44,66625,1133],{"class":206},[44,66627,72],{"class":58},[44,66629,75],{"class":62},[44,66631,408],{"class":66},[44,66633,63],{"class":62},[44,66635,100],{"class":58},[44,66637,66638,66640,66642,66644],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66639,136],{"class":135},[44,66641,121],{"class":58},[44,66643,444],{"class":117},[44,66645,100],{"class":58},[20,66647,247],{},[35,66649,66651],{"className":37,"code":66650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66652,66653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66654,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665,66667,66669,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66656,1271],{"class":58},[44,66658,2948],{"class":62},[44,66660,270],{"class":66},[44,66662,2948],{"class":62},[44,66664,72],{"class":58},[44,66666,2943],{"class":62},[44,66668,399],{"class":66},[44,66670,2948],{"class":62},[44,66672,72],{"class":58},[44,66674,2943],{"class":62},[44,66676,408],{"class":66},[44,66678,2948],{"class":62},[44,66680,72],{"class":58},[44,66682,2943],{"class":62},[44,66684,425],{"class":66},[44,66686,2948],{"class":62},[44,66688,3286],{"class":58},[20,66690,66691,66692,1951],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[270,66693,66694],{"href":50615},"Python lists beginner guide",[30,66696,66698,10236,66700],{"id":66697},"insert-vs-append",[15,66699,53904],{},[15,66701,52289],{},[20,66703,66704],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[338,66706,651,66708,654],{"id":66707},"use-insert-when",[15,66709,53904],{},[169,66711,66712,66715],{},[172,66713,66714],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[172,66716,66717],{},"The order of the list matters",[338,66719,651,66721,654],{"id":66720},"use-append-when",[15,66722,52289],{},[169,66724,66725,66728],{},[172,66726,66727],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[172,66729,66730],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66732,189],{},[35,66734,66736],{"className":37,"code":66735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66737,66738,66762,66766,66788,66798,66802,66820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66739,66740,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66741,7429],{"class":50},[44,66743,55],{"class":54},[44,66745,3273],{"class":58},[44,66747,63],{"class":62},[44,66749,1209],{"class":66},[44,66751,63],{"class":62},[44,66753,72],{"class":58},[44,66755,75],{"class":62},[44,66757,1227],{"class":66},[44,66759,63],{"class":62},[44,66761,3286],{"class":58},[44,66763,66764],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66765,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,66767,66768,66770,66772,66774,66776,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66769,7458],{"class":50},[44,66771,114],{"class":58},[44,66773,53587],{"class":117},[44,66775,121],{"class":58},[44,66777,1133],{"class":206},[44,66779,72],{"class":58},[44,66781,75],{"class":62},[44,66783,1218],{"class":66},[44,66785,63],{"class":62},[44,66787,100],{"class":58},[44,66789,66790,66792,66794,66796],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,66791,136],{"class":135},[44,66793,121],{"class":58},[44,66795,7458],{"class":117},[44,66797,100],{"class":58},[44,66799,66800],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,66801,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,66803,66804,66806,66808,66810,66812,66814,66816,66818],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,66805,7458],{"class":50},[44,66807,114],{"class":58},[44,66809,13201],{"class":117},[44,66811,121],{"class":58},[44,66813,63],{"class":62},[44,66815,22172],{"class":66},[44,66817,63],{"class":62},[44,66819,100],{"class":58},[44,66821,66822,66824,66826,66828],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,66823,136],{"class":135},[44,66825,121],{"class":58},[44,66827,7458],{"class":117},[44,66829,100],{"class":58},[20,66831,247],{},[35,66833,66835],{"className":37,"code":66834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66836,66837,66865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66838,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66840,1271],{"class":58},[44,66842,2948],{"class":62},[44,66844,1209],{"class":66},[44,66846,2948],{"class":62},[44,66848,72],{"class":58},[44,66850,2943],{"class":62},[44,66852,1218],{"class":66},[44,66854,2948],{"class":62},[44,66856,72],{"class":58},[44,66858,2943],{"class":62},[44,66860,1227],{"class":66},[44,66862,2948],{"class":62},[44,66864,3286],{"class":58},[44,66866,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881,66883,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66868,1271],{"class":58},[44,66870,2948],{"class":62},[44,66872,1209],{"class":66},[44,66874,2948],{"class":62},[44,66876,72],{"class":58},[44,66878,2943],{"class":62},[44,66880,1218],{"class":66},[44,66882,2948],{"class":62},[44,66884,72],{"class":58},[44,66886,2943],{"class":62},[44,66888,1227],{"class":66},[44,66890,2948],{"class":62},[44,66892,72],{"class":58},[44,66894,2943],{"class":62},[44,66896,22172],{"class":66},[44,66898,2948],{"class":62},[44,66900,3286],{"class":58},[20,66902,66903,66904,114],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[270,66905,55156,66906,1180],{"href":56405},[15,66907,52289],{},[20,66909,66910,66911,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[270,66912,52685],{"href":52684},[30,66914,4168],{"id":4167},[20,66916,14382,66917,114],{},[15,66918,53904],{},[338,66920,12245,66922],{"id":66921},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66923,53904],{},[20,66925,25330],{},[35,66927,66929],{"className":37,"code":66928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66930,66931,66951,66973,66977,66987],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,66932,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,66934,199],{"class":50},[44,66936,55],{"class":54},[44,66938,3273],{"class":58},[44,66940,1133],{"class":206},[44,66942,72],{"class":58},[44,66944,488],{"class":206},[44,66946,72],{"class":58},[44,66948,524],{"class":206},[44,66950,3286],{"class":58},[44,66952,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967,66969,66971],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,66954,604],{"class":50},[44,66956,55],{"class":54},[44,66958,3912],{"class":50},[44,66960,114],{"class":58},[44,66962,53587],{"class":117},[44,66964,121],{"class":58},[44,66966,1133],{"class":206},[44,66968,72],{"class":58},[44,66970,9847],{"class":206},[44,66972,100],{"class":58},[44,66974,66975],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,66976,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,66978,66979,66981,66983,66985],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,66980,136],{"class":135},[44,66982,121],{"class":58},[44,66984,632],{"class":117},[44,66986,100],{"class":58},[44,66988,66989,66991,66993,66995],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,66990,136],{"class":135},[44,66992,121],{"class":58},[44,66994,232],{"class":117},[44,66996,100],{"class":58},[20,66998,247],{},[35,67000,67002],{"className":37,"code":67001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67003,67004,67008],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67005,67006],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67007,11458],{"class":3502},[44,67009,67010,67012,67014,67016,67018,67020,67022,67024,67026],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67011,1271],{"class":58},[44,67013,1133],{"class":206},[44,67015,72],{"class":58},[44,67017,9847],{"class":206},[44,67019,72],{"class":58},[44,67021,488],{"class":206},[44,67023,72],{"class":58},[44,67025,524],{"class":206},[44,67027,3286],{"class":58},[20,67029,67030,53789,67032,114],{},[15,67031,53904],{},[15,67033,3428],{},[20,67035,16291],{},[35,67037,67039],{"className":37,"code":67038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67040,67041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67042,67043,67045,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67044,55526],{"class":50},[44,67046,55],{"class":54},[44,67048,3912],{"class":50},[44,67050,114],{"class":58},[44,67052,53587],{"class":117},[44,67054,121],{"class":58},[44,67056,1133],{"class":206},[44,67058,72],{"class":58},[44,67060,9847],{"class":206},[44,67062,100],{"class":58},[20,67064,67065],{},"Right:",[35,67067,67069],{"className":37,"code":67068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67070,67071],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67072,67073,67075,67077,67079,67081,67083,67085,67087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67074,232],{"class":50},[44,67076,114],{"class":58},[44,67078,53587],{"class":117},[44,67080,121],{"class":58},[44,67082,1133],{"class":206},[44,67084,72],{"class":58},[44,67086,9847],{"class":206},[44,67088,100],{"class":58},[338,67090,67092],{"id":67091},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67094,67095],{},"The correct order is:",[35,67097,67098],{"className":37,"code":65951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67099,67100],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67101,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67103,7988],{"class":50},[44,67105,114],{"class":58},[44,67107,53587],{"class":117},[44,67109,121],{"class":58},[44,67111,118],{"class":117},[44,67113,72],{"class":58},[44,67115,29146],{"class":117},[44,67117,100],{"class":58},[20,67119,67120],{},"Not:",[35,67122,67124],{"className":37,"code":67123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67125,67126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67127,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67129,7988],{"class":50},[44,67131,114],{"class":58},[44,67133,53587],{"class":117},[44,67135,121],{"class":58},[44,67137,22950],{"class":117},[44,67139,72],{"class":58},[44,67141,35464],{"class":117},[44,67143,100],{"class":58},[20,67145,189],{},[35,67147,67148],{"className":37,"code":65993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67149,67150,67174,67196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67151,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67153,382],{"class":50},[44,67155,55],{"class":54},[44,67157,3273],{"class":58},[44,67159,63],{"class":62},[44,67161,270],{"class":66},[44,67163,63],{"class":62},[44,67165,72],{"class":58},[44,67167,75],{"class":62},[44,67169,408],{"class":66},[44,67171,63],{"class":62},[44,67173,3286],{"class":58},[44,67175,67176,67178,67180,67182,67184,67186,67188,67190,67192,67194],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67177,444],{"class":50},[44,67179,114],{"class":58},[44,67181,53587],{"class":117},[44,67183,121],{"class":58},[44,67185,1133],{"class":206},[44,67187,72],{"class":58},[44,67189,75],{"class":62},[44,67191,399],{"class":66},[44,67193,63],{"class":62},[44,67195,100],{"class":58},[44,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67199,136],{"class":135},[44,67201,121],{"class":58},[44,67203,444],{"class":117},[44,67205,100],{"class":58},[20,67207,247],{},[35,67209,67210],{"className":37,"code":42512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67211,67212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67213,67214,67216,67218,67220,67222,67224,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67215,1271],{"class":58},[44,67217,2948],{"class":62},[44,67219,270],{"class":66},[44,67221,2948],{"class":62},[44,67223,72],{"class":58},[44,67225,2943],{"class":62},[44,67227,399],{"class":66},[44,67229,2948],{"class":62},[44,67231,72],{"class":58},[44,67233,2943],{"class":62},[44,67235,408],{"class":66},[44,67237,2948],{"class":62},[44,67239,3286],{"class":58},[338,67241,1312,67243,67245],{"id":67242},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67244,53904],{}," to replace an item",[20,67247,67248,67250],{},[15,67249,53904],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[35,67252,67254],{"className":37,"code":67253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67255,67256,67276,67294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67257,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67259,199],{"class":50},[44,67261,55],{"class":54},[44,67263,3273],{"class":58},[44,67265,1133],{"class":206},[44,67267,72],{"class":58},[44,67269,488],{"class":206},[44,67271,72],{"class":58},[44,67273,524],{"class":206},[44,67275,3286],{"class":58},[44,67277,67278,67280,67282,67284,67286,67288,67290,67292],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67279,232],{"class":50},[44,67281,114],{"class":58},[44,67283,53587],{"class":117},[44,67285,121],{"class":58},[44,67287,1133],{"class":206},[44,67289,72],{"class":58},[44,67291,9847],{"class":206},[44,67293,100],{"class":58},[44,67295,67296,67298,67300,67302],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67297,136],{"class":135},[44,67299,121],{"class":58},[44,67301,232],{"class":117},[44,67303,100],{"class":58},[20,67305,247],{},[35,67307,67309],{"className":37,"code":67308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67310,67311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67312,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67314,1271],{"class":58},[44,67316,1133],{"class":206},[44,67318,72],{"class":58},[44,67320,9847],{"class":206},[44,67322,72],{"class":58},[44,67324,488],{"class":206},[44,67326,72],{"class":58},[44,67328,524],{"class":206},[44,67330,3286],{"class":58},[20,67332,67333],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[35,67335,67337],{"className":37,"code":67336,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67338,67339,67359,67373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67340,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67342,199],{"class":50},[44,67344,55],{"class":54},[44,67346,3273],{"class":58},[44,67348,1133],{"class":206},[44,67350,72],{"class":58},[44,67352,488],{"class":206},[44,67354,72],{"class":58},[44,67356,524],{"class":206},[44,67358,3286],{"class":58},[44,67360,67361,67363,67365,67367,67369,67371],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67362,232],{"class":50},[44,67364,1271],{"class":58},[44,67366,1133],{"class":206},[44,67368,12921],{"class":58},[44,67370,12924],{"class":54},[44,67372,13779],{"class":206},[44,67374,67375,67377,67379,67381],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67376,136],{"class":135},[44,67378,121],{"class":58},[44,67380,232],{"class":117},[44,67382,100],{"class":58},[20,67384,247],{},[35,67386,67388],{"className":37,"code":67387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67389,67390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67391,67392,67394,67396,67398,67400,67402,67404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67393,1271],{"class":58},[44,67395,1133],{"class":206},[44,67397,72],{"class":58},[44,67399,9847],{"class":206},[44,67401,72],{"class":58},[44,67403,524],{"class":206},[44,67405,3286],{"class":58},[338,67407,67409],{"id":67408},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67411,67412,67414],{},[15,67413,53904],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67416,67417],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[35,67419,67421],{"className":37,"code":67420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67422,67423,67439,67463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67424,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67426,199],{"class":50},[44,67428,55],{"class":54},[44,67430,3273],{"class":58},[44,67432,1133],{"class":206},[44,67434,72],{"class":58},[44,67436,1114],{"class":206},[44,67438,3286],{"class":58},[44,67440,67441,67443,67445,67447,67449,67451,67453,67455,67457,67459,67461],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67442,232],{"class":50},[44,67444,114],{"class":58},[44,67446,53587],{"class":117},[44,67448,121],{"class":58},[44,67450,1133],{"class":206},[44,67452,72],{"class":58},[44,67454,3273],{"class":58},[44,67456,1137],{"class":206},[44,67458,72],{"class":58},[44,67460,524],{"class":206},[44,67462,3538],{"class":58},[44,67464,67465,67467,67469,67471],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67466,136],{"class":135},[44,67468,121],{"class":58},[44,67470,232],{"class":117},[44,67472,100],{"class":58},[20,67474,247],{},[35,67476,67478],{"className":37,"code":67477,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67479,67480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67481,67482,67484,67486,67488,67490,67492,67494,67496,67498,67500],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67483,1271],{"class":58},[44,67485,1133],{"class":206},[44,67487,72],{"class":58},[44,67489,3273],{"class":58},[44,67491,1137],{"class":206},[44,67493,72],{"class":58},[44,67495,524],{"class":206},[44,67497,17705],{"class":58},[44,67499,1114],{"class":206},[44,67501,3286],{"class":58},[20,67503,67504,67505,114],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[270,67506,55156,67507,1180],{"href":52980},[15,67508,53082],{},[338,67510,67512],{"id":67511},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67514,8525,67515,67517],{},[15,67516,53904],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[35,67519,67521],{"className":37,"code":67520,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67522,67523,67533,67547,67565,67579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67524,67525,67527,67529,67531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67526,136],{"class":135},[44,67528,121],{"class":58},[44,67530,7988],{"class":117},[44,67532,100],{"class":58},[44,67534,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67536,136],{"class":135},[44,67538,121],{"class":58},[44,67540,1365],{"class":135},[44,67542,121],{"class":58},[44,67544,7988],{"class":117},[44,67546,244],{"class":58},[44,67548,67549,67551,67553,67555,67557,67559,67561,67563],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67550,136],{"class":135},[44,67552,121],{"class":58},[44,67554,7988],{"class":117},[44,67556,114],{"class":58},[44,67558,53587],{"class":24390},[44,67560,114],{"class":58},[44,67562,34087],{"class":34094},[44,67564,100],{"class":58},[44,67566,67567,67569,67571,67573,67575,67577],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,67568,31793],{"class":135},[44,67570,121],{"class":58},[44,67572,7742],{"class":2546},[44,67574,114],{"class":58},[44,67576,53587],{"class":24390},[44,67578,100],{"class":58},[44,67580,67581,67583,67585,67587],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,67582,2868],{"class":2546},[44,67584,121],{"class":58},[44,67586,7988],{"class":117},[44,67588,100],{"class":58},[20,67590,67591],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[169,67593,67594,67597,67600,67603],{},[172,67595,67596],{},"What is currently in the list",[172,67598,67599],{},"How long the list is",[172,67601,67602],{},"That you are working with a real list",[172,67604,67605],{},"How Python describes the method",[30,67607,4609,67609],{"id":67608},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67610,53904],{},[20,67612,651,67613,67615],{},[15,67614,53904],{}," when position matters.",[20,67617,36063],{},[169,67619,67620,67623,67626,67629],{},[172,67621,67622],{},"Ordered menus",[172,67624,67625],{},"Rankings or score lists",[172,67627,67628],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[172,67630,67631],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67633,67634,67635,67637,67638,67640,67641,67643],{},"You usually do ",[367,67636,881],{}," need ",[15,67639,53904],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67642,52289],{}," is simpler.",[20,67645,67646,67647,114],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[270,67648,56791],{"href":56790},[30,67650,1497],{"id":1496},[338,67652,12355,67654,55105],{"id":67653},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67655,53547],{},[20,67657,67658,67659,114],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67660,3428],{},[338,67662,67664],{"id":67663},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67666,67667],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[338,67669,4818,67671,67673],{"id":67670},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67672,53547],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67675,67676,67677,67679],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67678,53082],{}," or slicing.",[338,67681,4828,67683,898,67685,1547],{"id":67682},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67684,53904],{},[15,67686,52289],{},[20,67688,67689,67691,67692,67694],{},[15,67690,53904],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67693,52289],{}," adds only at the end.",[30,67696,1554],{"id":1553},[169,67698,67699,67705,67711,67715,67719,67723],{},[172,67700,67701],{},[270,67702,55156,67703,1180],{"href":56405},[15,67704,52289],{},[172,67706,67707],{},[270,67708,55156,67709,1180],{"href":52980},[15,67710,53082],{},[172,67712,67713],{},[270,67714,53914],{"href":52684},[172,67716,67717],{},[270,67718,52407],{"href":50615},[172,67720,67721],{},[270,67722,56864],{"href":56790},[172,67724,67725],{},[270,67726,29987,67727,33274],{"href":53932},[15,67728,67729],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1583,67731,67732],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":67734},[67735,67737,67738,67739,67745,67752,67761,67763,67772],{"id":65920,"depth":103,"text":67736},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5078,"depth":103,"text":5079},{"id":5434,"depth":103,"text":5435},{"id":66292,"depth":103,"text":66293,"children":67740},[67741,67742,67743,67744],{"id":66304,"depth":132,"text":66305},{"id":66395,"depth":132,"text":66396},{"id":66481,"depth":132,"text":66482},{"id":66567,"depth":132,"text":66568},{"id":66697,"depth":103,"text":67746,"children":67747},"insert() vs append()",[67748,67750],{"id":66707,"depth":132,"text":67749},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66720,"depth":132,"text":67751},"Use append() when:",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":67753},[67754,67756,67757,67759,67760],{"id":66921,"depth":132,"text":67755},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67091,"depth":132,"text":67092},{"id":67242,"depth":132,"text":67758},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67408,"depth":132,"text":67409},{"id":67511,"depth":132,"text":67512},{"id":67608,"depth":103,"text":67762},"When to use insert()",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":67764},[67765,67767,67768,67770],{"id":67653,"depth":132,"text":67766},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67663,"depth":132,"text":67664},{"id":67670,"depth":132,"text":67769},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67682,"depth":132,"text":67771},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65830,"description":67773},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67780,"title":67781,"body":67782,"description":69337,"extension":1616,"meta":69338,"navigation":434,"path":58605,"seo":69339,"stem":69340,"__hash__":69341},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67783,"toc":69310},[67784,67790,67799,67848,67850,67858,67864,67866,67884,67890,67895,67898,67901,67916,67918,67970,67972,67980,67988,67995,67997,68003,68068,68070,68078,68080,68099,68102,68153,68157,68162,68189,68191,68199,68202,68271,68273,68288,68294,68298,68307,68310,68365,68367,68375,68378,68380,68425,68427,68435,68441,68443,68451,68454,68456,68495,68497,68536,68541,68543,68545,68580,68583,68585,68623,68627,68633,68635,68686,68688,68696,68703,68706,68727,68730,68785,68796,68798,68859,68861,68870,68877,68883,68886,68889,68946,68949,68962,68969,68975,68981,68983,68996,68999,69096,69098,69115,69118,69200,69202,69224,69231,69237,69239,69243,69249,69255,69260,69264,69267,69273,69280,69282,69307],[10,67785,67787,67788,144],{"id":67786},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67789,1365],{},[20,67791,67792,67793,67795,67796,67798],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67794,41997],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67797,41997],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[35,67800,67802],{"className":37,"code":67801,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67803,67804,67824,67838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67805,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814,67816,67818,67820,67822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67807,199],{"class":50},[44,67809,55],{"class":54},[44,67811,3273],{"class":58},[44,67813,207],{"class":206},[44,67815,72],{"class":58},[44,67817,212],{"class":206},[44,67819,72],{"class":58},[44,67821,217],{"class":206},[44,67823,3286],{"class":58},[44,67825,67826,67828,67830,67832,67834,67836],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67827,40878],{"class":50},[44,67829,55],{"class":54},[44,67831,38023],{"class":135},[44,67833,121],{"class":58},[44,67835,232],{"class":117},[44,67837,100],{"class":58},[44,67839,67840,67842,67844,67846],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,67841,136],{"class":135},[44,67843,121],{"class":58},[44,67845,1401],{"class":117},[44,67847,100],{"class":58},[20,67849,247],{},[35,67851,67852],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67853,67854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67855,67856],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67857,46255],{"class":206},[20,67859,651,67860,67863],{},[15,67861,67862],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[30,67865,14811],{"id":14810},[169,67867,67868,67873,67878,67881],{},[172,67869,3847,67870,67872],{},[15,67871,41997],{}," works with Python lists",[172,67874,67875,67876,11355],{},"What value ",[15,67877,41997],{},[172,67879,67880],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[172,67882,67883],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[30,67885,158,67887,67889],{"id":67886},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67888,41997],{}," returns for a list",[20,67891,67892,64712],{},[15,67893,67894],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67896,67897],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67899,67900],{},"A few important points:",[169,67902,67903,67906,67911],{},[172,67904,67905],{},"It counts list items",[172,67907,40542,67908,67910],{},[367,67909,881],{}," count characters inside a string item",[172,67912,67913,67914],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67915,186],{},[20,67917,189],{},[35,67919,67921],{"className":37,"code":67920,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67922,67923,67956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67924,67925,67927,67929,67931,67933,67935,67937,67939,67941,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67926,3720],{"class":50},[44,67928,55],{"class":54},[44,67930,3273],{"class":58},[44,67932,63],{"class":62},[44,67934,569],{"class":66},[44,67936,63],{"class":62},[44,67938,72],{"class":58},[44,67940,75],{"class":62},[44,67942,67943],{"class":66},"elephant",[44,67945,63],{"class":62},[44,67947,72],{"class":58},[44,67949,75],{"class":62},[44,67951,578],{"class":66},[44,67953,63],{"class":62},[44,67955,3286],{"class":58},[44,67957,67958,67960,67962,67964,67966,67968],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,67959,136],{"class":135},[44,67961,121],{"class":58},[44,67963,1365],{"class":135},[44,67965,121],{"class":58},[44,67967,3762],{"class":117},[44,67969,244],{"class":58},[20,67971,247],{},[35,67973,67974],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,67975,67976],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,67977,67978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,67979,46255],{"class":206},[20,67981,259,67982,67985,67986,64719],{},[15,67983,67984],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[367,67987,52293],{},[20,67989,67990,67991,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[270,67992,3225,67993,3158],{"href":41994},[15,67994,41997],{},[30,67996,5435],{"id":5434},[20,67998,67999,68000,68002],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68001,41997],{},", and print the result.",[35,68004,68006],{"className":37,"code":68005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68007,68008,68040,68054,68058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68009,68010,68012,68014,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030,68032,68034,68036,68038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68011,51],{"class":50},[44,68013,55],{"class":54},[44,68015,3273],{"class":58},[44,68017,63],{"class":62},[44,68019,67],{"class":66},[44,68021,63],{"class":62},[44,68023,72],{"class":58},[44,68025,75],{"class":62},[44,68027,87],{"class":66},[44,68029,63],{"class":62},[44,68031,72],{"class":58},[44,68033,75],{"class":62},[44,68035,78],{"class":66},[44,68037,63],{"class":62},[44,68039,3286],{"class":58},[44,68041,68042,68044,68046,68048,68050,68052],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68043,40878],{"class":50},[44,68045,55],{"class":54},[44,68047,38023],{"class":135},[44,68049,121],{"class":58},[44,68051,734],{"class":117},[44,68053,100],{"class":58},[44,68055,68056],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68057,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,68059,68060,68062,68064,68066],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,68061,136],{"class":135},[44,68063,121],{"class":58},[44,68065,1401],{"class":117},[44,68067,100],{"class":58},[20,68069,247],{},[35,68071,68072],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68073,68074],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68075,68076],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68077,46255],{"class":206},[20,68079,11333],{},[169,68081,68082,68087,68094],{},[172,68083,68084,68086],{},[15,68085,734],{}," is a list with 3 items",[172,68088,68089,2044,68092],{},[15,68090,68091],{},"len(colors)",[15,68093,1141],{},[172,68095,68096,68097],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68098,1401],{},[20,68100,68101],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[35,68103,68105],{"className":37,"code":68104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68106,68107,68139],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68108,68109,68111,68113,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127,68129,68131,68133,68135,68137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68110,51],{"class":50},[44,68112,55],{"class":54},[44,68114,3273],{"class":58},[44,68116,63],{"class":62},[44,68118,67],{"class":66},[44,68120,63],{"class":62},[44,68122,72],{"class":58},[44,68124,75],{"class":62},[44,68126,87],{"class":66},[44,68128,63],{"class":62},[44,68130,72],{"class":58},[44,68132,75],{"class":62},[44,68134,78],{"class":66},[44,68136,63],{"class":62},[44,68138,3286],{"class":58},[44,68140,68141,68143,68145,68147,68149,68151],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68142,136],{"class":135},[44,68144,121],{"class":58},[44,68146,1365],{"class":135},[44,68148,121],{"class":58},[44,68150,734],{"class":117},[44,68152,244],{"class":58},[30,68154,68156],{"id":68155},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68158,68159,68160,114],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68161,186],{},[35,68163,68165],{"className":37,"code":68164,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68166,68167,68175],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68168,68169,68171,68173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68170,7429],{"class":50},[44,68172,55],{"class":54},[44,68174,7487],{"class":58},[44,68176,68177,68179,68181,68183,68185,68187],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68178,136],{"class":135},[44,68180,121],{"class":58},[44,68182,1365],{"class":135},[44,68184,121],{"class":58},[44,68186,7458],{"class":117},[44,68188,244],{"class":58},[20,68190,247],{},[35,68192,68193],{"className":37,"code":46889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68194,68195],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68196,68197],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68198,46889],{"class":206},[20,68200,68201],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[35,68203,68205],{"className":37,"code":68204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68206,68207,68215,68219,68237,68251,68257],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68208,68209,68211,68213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68210,7429],{"class":50},[44,68212,55],{"class":54},[44,68214,7487],{"class":58},[44,68216,68217],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68218,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,68220,68221,68223,68225,68227,68229,68231,68233,68235],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68222,806],{"class":805},[44,68224,38023],{"class":135},[44,68226,121],{"class":58},[44,68228,7458],{"class":117},[44,68230,144],{"class":58},[44,68232,38033],{"class":54},[44,68234,3483],{"class":206},[44,68236,820],{"class":58},[44,68238,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247,68249],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,68240,825],{"class":135},[44,68242,121],{"class":58},[44,68244,7458],{"class":117},[44,68246,1271],{"class":58},[44,68248,186],{"class":206},[44,68250,3538],{"class":58},[44,68252,68253,68255],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,68254,848],{"class":805},[44,68256,820],{"class":58},[44,68258,68259,68261,68263,68265,68267,68269],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,68260,825],{"class":135},[44,68262,121],{"class":58},[44,68264,63],{"class":62},[44,68266,51452],{"class":66},[44,68268,63],{"class":62},[44,68270,100],{"class":58},[20,68272,247],{},[35,68274,68276],{"className":37,"code":68275,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The list is empty\n",[15,68277,68278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68279,68280,68282,68284,68286],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68281,164],{"class":50},[44,68283,7742],{"class":2546},[44,68285,7745],{"class":54},[44,68287,7751],{"class":50},[20,68289,68290,68291,68293],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[270,68292,52407],{"href":50615}," is a good next step.",[30,68295,68297],{"id":68296},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68299,68300,68302,68303,68306],{},[15,68301,41997],{}," counts only the ",[367,68304,68305],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68308,68309],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[35,68311,68313],{"className":37,"code":68312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68314,68315,68351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68316,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339,68341,68343,68345,68347,68349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68318,8816],{"class":50},[44,68320,55],{"class":54},[44,68322,55930],{"class":58},[44,68324,1133],{"class":206},[44,68326,72],{"class":58},[44,68328,488],{"class":206},[44,68330,17705],{"class":58},[44,68332,3273],{"class":58},[44,68334,1141],{"class":206},[44,68336,72],{"class":58},[44,68338,1114],{"class":206},[44,68340,17705],{"class":58},[44,68342,3273],{"class":58},[44,68344,929],{"class":206},[44,68346,72],{"class":58},[44,68348,37280],{"class":206},[44,68350,52878],{"class":58},[44,68352,68353,68355,68357,68359,68361,68363],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68354,136],{"class":135},[44,68356,121],{"class":58},[44,68358,1365],{"class":135},[44,68360,121],{"class":58},[44,68362,8855],{"class":117},[44,68364,244],{"class":58},[20,68366,247],{},[35,68368,68369],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68370,68371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68372,68373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68374,46255],{"class":206},[20,68376,68377],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68379,51716],{},[35,68381,68383],{"className":37,"code":68382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68384,68385,68411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68386,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397,68399,68401,68403,68405,68407,68409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68388,59105],{"class":50},[44,68390,55],{"class":54},[44,68392,3273],{"class":58},[44,68394,1133],{"class":206},[44,68396,72],{"class":58},[44,68398,3273],{"class":58},[44,68400,1137],{"class":206},[44,68402,72],{"class":58},[44,68404,524],{"class":206},[44,68406,17705],{"class":58},[44,68408,1114],{"class":206},[44,68410,3286],{"class":58},[44,68412,68413,68415,68417,68419,68421,68423],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68414,136],{"class":135},[44,68416,121],{"class":58},[44,68418,1365],{"class":135},[44,68420,121],{"class":58},[44,68422,59158],{"class":117},[44,68424,244],{"class":58},[20,68426,247],{},[35,68428,68429],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68430,68431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68432,68433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68434,46255],{"class":206},[20,68436,259,68437,68440],{},[15,68438,68439],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[30,68442,4168],{"id":4167},[338,68444,895,68446,10742,68449],{"id":68445},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68447,68448],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68450,67894],{},[20,68452,68453],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68455,16291],{},[35,68457,68459],{"className":37,"code":68458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68460,68461,68481],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68462,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471,68473,68475,68477,68479],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68464,199],{"class":50},[44,68466,55],{"class":54},[44,68468,3273],{"class":58},[44,68470,207],{"class":206},[44,68472,72],{"class":58},[44,68474,212],{"class":206},[44,68476,72],{"class":58},[44,68478,217],{"class":206},[44,68480,3286],{"class":58},[44,68482,68483,68485,68487,68489,68491,68493],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68484,136],{"class":135},[44,68486,121],{"class":58},[44,68488,232],{"class":117},[44,68490,114],{"class":58},[44,68492,1365],{"class":117},[44,68494,6843],{"class":58},[20,68496,16303],{},[35,68498,68500],{"className":37,"code":68499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68501,68502,68522],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68503,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512,68514,68516,68518,68520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68505,199],{"class":50},[44,68507,55],{"class":54},[44,68509,3273],{"class":58},[44,68511,207],{"class":206},[44,68513,72],{"class":58},[44,68515,212],{"class":206},[44,68517,72],{"class":58},[44,68519,217],{"class":206},[44,68521,3286],{"class":58},[44,68523,68524,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68525,136],{"class":135},[44,68527,121],{"class":58},[44,68529,1365],{"class":135},[44,68531,121],{"class":58},[44,68533,232],{"class":117},[44,68535,244],{"class":58},[20,68537,68538,68540],{},[15,68539,41997],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[338,68542,25327],{"id":25326},[20,68544,16291],{},[35,68546,68548],{"className":37,"code":68547,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68549,68550,68570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68551,68552,68554,68556,68558,68560,68562,68564,68566,68568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68553,199],{"class":50},[44,68555,55],{"class":54},[44,68557,3273],{"class":58},[44,68559,207],{"class":206},[44,68561,72],{"class":58},[44,68563,212],{"class":206},[44,68565,72],{"class":58},[44,68567,217],{"class":206},[44,68569,3286],{"class":58},[44,68571,68572,68574,68576,68578],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68573,136],{"class":135},[44,68575,121],{"class":58},[44,68577,1365],{"class":135},[44,68579,100],{"class":58},[20,68581,68582],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68584,16303],{},[35,68586,68587],{"className":37,"code":68499,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68588,68589,68609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68590,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68592,199],{"class":50},[44,68594,55],{"class":54},[44,68596,3273],{"class":58},[44,68598,207],{"class":206},[44,68600,72],{"class":58},[44,68602,212],{"class":206},[44,68604,72],{"class":58},[44,68606,217],{"class":206},[44,68608,3286],{"class":58},[44,68610,68611,68613,68615,68617,68619,68621],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68612,136],{"class":135},[44,68614,121],{"class":58},[44,68616,1365],{"class":135},[44,68618,121],{"class":58},[44,68620,232],{"class":117},[44,68622,244],{"class":58},[338,68624,68626],{"id":68625},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68628,68629,68630,68632],{},"The length of a list is ",[367,68631,881],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68634,189],{},[35,68636,68638],{"className":37,"code":68637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68639,68640,68672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68641,68642,68644,68646,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662,68664,68666,68668,68670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68643,382],{"class":50},[44,68645,55],{"class":54},[44,68647,3273],{"class":58},[44,68649,63],{"class":62},[44,68651,270],{"class":66},[44,68653,63],{"class":62},[44,68655,72],{"class":58},[44,68657,75],{"class":62},[44,68659,399],{"class":66},[44,68661,63],{"class":62},[44,68663,72],{"class":58},[44,68665,75],{"class":62},[44,68667,408],{"class":66},[44,68669,63],{"class":62},[44,68671,3286],{"class":58},[44,68673,68674,68676,68678,68680,68682,68684],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68675,136],{"class":135},[44,68677,121],{"class":58},[44,68679,1365],{"class":135},[44,68681,121],{"class":58},[44,68683,444],{"class":117},[44,68685,244],{"class":58},[20,68687,247],{},[35,68689,68690],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,68691,68692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68693,68694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68695,46255],{"class":206},[20,68697,68698,68699,18606,68701,114],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68700,1137],{},[15,68702,1141],{},[20,68704,68705],{},"Indexes are:",[169,68707,68708,68715,68721],{},[172,68709,68710,68712,68713],{},[15,68711,186],{}," for ",[15,68714,17739],{},[172,68716,68717,68712,68719],{},[15,68718,1133],{},[15,68720,65220],{},[172,68722,68723,68712,68725],{},[15,68724,1137],{},[15,68726,66098],{},[20,68728,68729],{},"So this causes an error:",[35,68731,68733],{"className":37,"code":68732,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68734,68735,68767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68736,68737,68739,68741,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761,68763,68765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68738,382],{"class":50},[44,68740,55],{"class":54},[44,68742,3273],{"class":58},[44,68744,63],{"class":62},[44,68746,270],{"class":66},[44,68748,63],{"class":62},[44,68750,72],{"class":58},[44,68752,75],{"class":62},[44,68754,399],{"class":66},[44,68756,63],{"class":62},[44,68758,72],{"class":58},[44,68760,75],{"class":62},[44,68762,408],{"class":66},[44,68764,63],{"class":62},[44,68766,3286],{"class":58},[44,68768,68769,68771,68773,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68770,136],{"class":135},[44,68772,121],{"class":58},[44,68774,444],{"class":117},[44,68776,1271],{"class":58},[44,68778,1365],{"class":135},[44,68780,121],{"class":58},[44,68782,444],{"class":117},[44,68784,10329],{"class":58},[20,68786,8144,68787,365,68790,68792,68793,68795],{},[15,68788,68789],{},"len(letters)",[15,68791,1141],{},", and index ",[15,68794,1141],{}," does not exist.",[20,68797,18483],{},[35,68799,68801],{"className":37,"code":68800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68802,68803,68835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68804,68805,68807,68809,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68806,382],{"class":50},[44,68808,55],{"class":54},[44,68810,3273],{"class":58},[44,68812,63],{"class":62},[44,68814,270],{"class":66},[44,68816,63],{"class":62},[44,68818,72],{"class":58},[44,68820,75],{"class":62},[44,68822,399],{"class":66},[44,68824,63],{"class":62},[44,68826,72],{"class":58},[44,68828,75],{"class":62},[44,68830,408],{"class":66},[44,68832,63],{"class":62},[44,68834,3286],{"class":58},[44,68836,68837,68839,68841,68843,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68838,136],{"class":135},[44,68840,121],{"class":58},[44,68842,444],{"class":117},[44,68844,1271],{"class":58},[44,68846,1365],{"class":135},[44,68848,121],{"class":58},[44,68850,444],{"class":117},[44,68852,144],{"class":58},[44,68854,1870],{"class":54},[44,68856,519],{"class":206},[44,68858,3538],{"class":58},[20,68860,247],{},[35,68862,68864],{"className":37,"code":68863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"c\n",[15,68865,68866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68867,68868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68869,68863],{"class":50},[20,68871,68872,68873,114],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[270,68874,68876],{"href":68875},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[338,68878,895,68880,68882],{"id":68879},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68881,41997],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68884,68885],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68887,68888],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[35,68890,68892],{"className":37,"code":68891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68893,68894,68904,68918,68932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,68895,68896,68898,68900,68902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,68897,136],{"class":135},[44,68899,121],{"class":58},[44,68901,7988],{"class":117},[44,68903,100],{"class":58},[44,68905,68906,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,68907,136],{"class":135},[44,68909,121],{"class":58},[44,68911,1365],{"class":135},[44,68913,121],{"class":58},[44,68915,7988],{"class":117},[44,68917,244],{"class":58},[44,68919,68920,68922,68924,68926,68928,68930],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,68921,136],{"class":135},[44,68923,121],{"class":58},[44,68925,2868],{"class":2546},[44,68927,121],{"class":58},[44,68929,7988],{"class":117},[44,68931,244],{"class":58},[44,68933,68934,68936,68938,68940,68942,68944],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,68935,136],{"class":135},[44,68937,121],{"class":58},[44,68939,7988],{"class":117},[44,68941,1271],{"class":58},[44,68943,186],{"class":206},[44,68945,3538],{"class":58},[20,68947,68948],{},"These help you verify:",[169,68950,68951,68954,68956,68959],{},[172,68952,68953],{},"what the variable contains",[172,68955,60415],{},[172,68957,68958],{},"whether it is really a list",[172,68960,68961],{},"what the first item is",[20,68963,68964,68965,68968],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68966,68967],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[30,68970,4609,68972,68974],{"id":68971},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68973,41997],{}," with lists",[20,68976,68977,68978,68980],{},"You will often use ",[15,68979,41997],{}," in real programs.",[20,68982,9024],{},[169,68984,68985,68987,68990,68993],{},[172,68986,51406],{},[172,68988,68989],{},"Control loops",[172,68991,68992],{},"Validate input or results",[172,68994,68995],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68997,68998],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[35,69000,69002],{"className":37,"code":69001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69003,69004,69024,69040,69044,69058,69072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69005,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69007,2198],{"class":50},[44,69009,55],{"class":54},[44,69011,3273],{"class":58},[44,69013,1133],{"class":206},[44,69015,72],{"class":58},[44,69017,488],{"class":206},[44,69019,72],{"class":58},[44,69021,524],{"class":206},[44,69023,3286],{"class":58},[44,69025,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034,69036,69038],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69027,2226],{"class":50},[44,69029,55],{"class":54},[44,69031,3273],{"class":58},[44,69033,207],{"class":206},[44,69035,72],{"class":58},[44,69037,212],{"class":206},[44,69039,3286],{"class":58},[44,69041,69042],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69043,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69045,69046,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,69047,136],{"class":135},[44,69049,121],{"class":58},[44,69051,1365],{"class":135},[44,69053,121],{"class":58},[44,69055,270],{"class":117},[44,69057,244],{"class":58},[44,69059,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068,69070],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,69061,136],{"class":135},[44,69063,121],{"class":58},[44,69065,1365],{"class":135},[44,69067,121],{"class":58},[44,69069,399],{"class":117},[44,69071,244],{"class":58},[44,69073,69074,69076,69078,69080,69082,69084,69086,69088,69090,69092,69094],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,69075,136],{"class":135},[44,69077,121],{"class":58},[44,69079,1365],{"class":135},[44,69081,121],{"class":58},[44,69083,270],{"class":117},[44,69085,144],{"class":58},[44,69087,38033],{"class":54},[44,69089,38023],{"class":135},[44,69091,121],{"class":58},[44,69093,399],{"class":117},[44,69095,244],{"class":58},[20,69097,247],{},[35,69099,69101],{"className":37,"code":69100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69102,69103,69107,69111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69104,69105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69106,46255],{"class":206},[44,69108,69109],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69110,1121],{"class":206},[44,69112,69113],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69114,3629],{"class":3502},[20,69116,69117],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[35,69119,69121],{"className":37,"code":69120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69122,69123,69155,69159,69181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69124,69125,69127,69129,69131,69133,69135,69137,69139,69141,69143,69145,69147,69149,69151,69153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69126,4643],{"class":50},[44,69128,55],{"class":54},[44,69130,3273],{"class":58},[44,69132,63],{"class":62},[44,69134,12531],{"class":66},[44,69136,63],{"class":62},[44,69138,72],{"class":58},[44,69140,75],{"class":62},[44,69142,35583],{"class":66},[44,69144,63],{"class":62},[44,69146,72],{"class":58},[44,69148,75],{"class":62},[44,69150,35592],{"class":66},[44,69152,63],{"class":62},[44,69154,3286],{"class":58},[44,69156,69157],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69158,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69160,69161,69163,69166,69168,69170,69172,69174,69176,69178],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69162,5606],{"class":805},[44,69164,69165],{"class":50}," i ",[44,69167,1383],{"class":805},[44,69169,53706],{"class":135},[44,69171,121],{"class":58},[44,69173,1365],{"class":135},[44,69175,121],{"class":58},[44,69177,4687],{"class":117},[44,69179,69180],{"class":58},")):\n",[44,69182,69183,69185,69187,69189,69191,69194,69196,69198],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,69184,825],{"class":135},[44,69186,121],{"class":58},[44,69188,35793],{"class":117},[44,69190,72],{"class":58},[44,69192,69193],{"class":117}," names",[44,69195,1271],{"class":58},[44,69197,35793],{"class":117},[44,69199,3538],{"class":58},[20,69201,247],{},[35,69203,69204],{"className":37,"code":35641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,69205,69206,69212,69218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69207,69208,69210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69209,186],{"class":206},[44,69211,35650],{"class":50},[44,69213,69214,69216],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69215,1133],{"class":206},[44,69217,35657],{"class":50},[44,69219,69220,69222],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69221,1137],{"class":206},[44,69223,35664],{"class":50},[20,69225,69226,69227,114],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[270,69228,69230],{"href":69229},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69232,69233,69234,69236],{},"You can also read ",[270,69235,51183],{"href":51182}," for a task-focused guide.",[30,69238,1497],{"id":1496},[338,69240,69242],{"id":69241},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69244,651,69245,69248],{},[15,69246,69247],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[338,69250,1501,69252,1504],{"id":69251},"what-does-len-return",[15,69253,69254],{},"len([])",[20,69256,4796,69257,69259],{},[15,69258,186],{}," because the list is empty.",[338,69261,69263],{"id":69262},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69265,69266],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[338,69268,27967,69270,69272],{"id":69269},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69271,68448],{}," in Python?",[20,69274,29910,69275,7871,69277,69279],{},[15,69276,67894],{},[15,69278,41997],{}," is a built-in function.",[30,69281,1554],{"id":1553},[169,69283,69284,69290,69294,69298,69302],{},[172,69285,69286],{},[270,69287,3225,69288,3158],{"href":41994},[15,69289,41997],{},[172,69291,69292],{},[270,69293,52227],{"href":51182},[172,69295,69296],{},[270,69297,52407],{"href":50615},[172,69299,69300],{},[270,69301,68876],{"href":68875},[172,69303,69304],{},[270,69305,69306],{"href":69229},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1583,69308,69309],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":69311},[69312,69313,69315,69316,69317,69318,69326,69328,69336],{"id":14810,"depth":103,"text":14811},{"id":67886,"depth":103,"text":69314},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5434,"depth":103,"text":5435},{"id":68155,"depth":103,"text":68156},{"id":68296,"depth":103,"text":68297},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":69319},[69320,69322,69323,69324],{"id":68445,"depth":132,"text":69321},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25326,"depth":132,"text":25327},{"id":68625,"depth":132,"text":68626},{"id":68879,"depth":132,"text":69325},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68971,"depth":103,"text":69327},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":69329},[69330,69331,69333,69334],{"id":69241,"depth":132,"text":69242},{"id":69251,"depth":132,"text":69332},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69262,"depth":132,"text":69263},{"id":69269,"depth":132,"text":69335},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67781,"description":69337},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69343,"title":69344,"body":69345,"description":71327,"extension":1616,"meta":71328,"navigation":434,"path":71329,"seo":71330,"stem":71331,"__hash__":71332},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69346,"toc":71300},[69347,69350,69355,69358,69366,69379,69381,69446,69448,69470,69475,69479,69484,69492,69494,69504,69506,69587,69589,69619,69621,69640,69645,69662,69664,69748,69750,69780,69785,69789,69795,69879,69881,69911,69914,69918,69921,70012,70014,70052,70055,70140,70142,70172,70178,70185,70189,70194,70203,70205,70290,70292,70321,70324,70332,70336,70340,70349,70372,70374,70396,70398,70412,70414,70474,70478,70483,70522,70524,70541,70543,70553,70652,70657,70661,70666,70709,70711,70739,70741,70755,70830,70832,70854,70858,70861,70866,70877,70882,70890,70893,70964,70966,70991,71048,71050,71071,71080,71088,71093,71095,71100,71121,71124,71199,71202,71216,71223,71225,71229,71235,71239,71249,71253,71260,71264,71270,71272,71297],[10,69348,69344],{"id":69349},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69351,69352,69354],{},[15,69353,54718],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69356,69357],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[169,69359,69360,69363],{},[172,69361,69362],{},"delete an item from a list",[172,69364,69365],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69367,69368,69369,69371,69372,8354,69374,69378],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69370,12413],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69373,12413],{},[270,69375,69376],{"href":54708},[15,69377,55165],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[30,69380,33],{"id":32},[35,69382,69384],{"className":37,"code":69383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69385,69386,69406,69421,69425,69436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69387,69388,69390,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402,69404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69389,199],{"class":50},[44,69391,55],{"class":54},[44,69393,3273],{"class":58},[44,69395,207],{"class":206},[44,69397,72],{"class":58},[44,69399,212],{"class":206},[44,69401,72],{"class":58},[44,69403,217],{"class":206},[44,69405,3286],{"class":58},[44,69407,69408,69411,69413,69415,69417,69419],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69409,69410],{"class":50},"last_item ",[44,69412,55],{"class":54},[44,69414,3912],{"class":50},[44,69416,114],{"class":58},[44,69418,25881],{"class":117},[44,69420,8292],{"class":58},[44,69422,69423],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69424,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69426,69427,69429,69431,69434],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,69428,136],{"class":135},[44,69430,121],{"class":58},[44,69432,69433],{"class":117},"last_item",[44,69435,100],{"class":58},[44,69437,69438,69440,69442,69444],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,69439,136],{"class":135},[44,69441,121],{"class":58},[44,69443,232],{"class":117},[44,69445,100],{"class":58},[20,69447,247],{},[35,69449,69451],{"className":37,"code":69450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69452,69453,69458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69454,69455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69456,69457],{"class":206},"30\n",[44,69459,69460,69462,69464,69466,69468],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69461,1271],{"class":58},[44,69463,207],{"class":206},[44,69465,72],{"class":58},[44,69467,212],{"class":206},[44,69469,3286],{"class":58},[20,69471,651,69472,69474],{},[15,69473,12413],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[30,69476,69478],{"id":69477},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69480,69481,69483],{},[15,69482,12413],{}," has two main jobs:",[169,69485,69486,69489],{},[172,69487,69488],{},"It removes one item from a list",[172,69490,69491],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69493,43287],{},[169,69495,69496,69499,69502],{},[172,69497,69498],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[172,69500,69501],{},"It changes the original list",[172,69503,52381],{},[20,69505,189],{},[35,69507,69509],{"className":37,"code":69508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69510,69511,69543,69547,69562,69566,69577],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69512,69513,69515,69517,69519,69521,69523,69525,69527,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537,69539,69541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69514,51],{"class":50},[44,69516,55],{"class":54},[44,69518,3273],{"class":58},[44,69520,63],{"class":62},[44,69522,67],{"class":66},[44,69524,63],{"class":62},[44,69526,72],{"class":58},[44,69528,75],{"class":62},[44,69530,87],{"class":66},[44,69532,63],{"class":62},[44,69534,72],{"class":58},[44,69536,75],{"class":62},[44,69538,78],{"class":66},[44,69540,63],{"class":62},[44,69542,3286],{"class":58},[44,69544,69545],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69546,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69548,69549,69552,69554,69556,69558,69560],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69550,69551],{"class":50},"removed ",[44,69553,55],{"class":54},[44,69555,111],{"class":50},[44,69557,114],{"class":58},[44,69559,25881],{"class":117},[44,69561,8292],{"class":58},[44,69563,69564],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,69565,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69567,69568,69570,69572,69575],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,69569,136],{"class":135},[44,69571,121],{"class":58},[44,69573,69574],{"class":117},"removed",[44,69576,100],{"class":58},[44,69578,69579,69581,69583,69585],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,69580,136],{"class":135},[44,69582,121],{"class":58},[44,69584,734],{"class":117},[44,69586,100],{"class":58},[20,69588,247],{},[35,69590,69592],{"className":37,"code":69591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69593,69594,69599],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69595,69596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69597,69598],{"class":50},"blue\n",[44,69600,69601,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615,69617],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69602,1271],{"class":58},[44,69604,2948],{"class":62},[44,69606,67],{"class":66},[44,69608,2948],{"class":62},[44,69610,72],{"class":58},[44,69612,2943],{"class":62},[44,69614,87],{"class":66},[44,69616,2948],{"class":62},[44,69618,3286],{"class":58},[30,69620,277],{"id":276},[35,69622,69624],{"className":37,"code":69623,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69625,69626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69627,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636,69638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69629,7742],{"class":2546},[44,69631,114],{"class":58},[44,69633,25881],{"class":117},[44,69635,2631],{"class":58},[44,69637,118],{"class":117},[44,69639,3538],{"class":58},[20,69641,164,69642,69644],{},[15,69643,118],{}," is optional.",[169,69646,69647,69653,69659],{},[172,69648,69649,69650,69652],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69651,12413],{}," removes the last item",[172,69654,69655,69656,69658],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69657,12413],{}," removes the item at that position",[172,69660,69661],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69663,189],{},[35,69665,69667],{"className":37,"code":69666,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69668,69669,69701,69705,69724,69728,69738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69670,69671,69673,69675,69677,69679,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69672,382],{"class":50},[44,69674,55],{"class":54},[44,69676,3273],{"class":58},[44,69678,63],{"class":62},[44,69680,270],{"class":66},[44,69682,63],{"class":62},[44,69684,72],{"class":58},[44,69686,75],{"class":62},[44,69688,399],{"class":66},[44,69690,63],{"class":62},[44,69692,72],{"class":58},[44,69694,75],{"class":62},[44,69696,408],{"class":66},[44,69698,63],{"class":62},[44,69700,3286],{"class":58},[44,69702,69703],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69704,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69706,69707,69709,69711,69714,69716,69718,69720,69722],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69708,28177],{"class":50},[44,69710,55],{"class":54},[44,69712,69713],{"class":50}," letters",[44,69715,114],{"class":58},[44,69717,25881],{"class":117},[44,69719,121],{"class":58},[44,69721,1133],{"class":206},[44,69723,100],{"class":58},[44,69725,69726],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,69727,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69729,69730,69732,69734,69736],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,69731,136],{"class":135},[44,69733,121],{"class":58},[44,69735,22950],{"class":117},[44,69737,100],{"class":58},[44,69739,69740,69742,69744,69746],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,69741,136],{"class":135},[44,69743,121],{"class":58},[44,69745,444],{"class":117},[44,69747,100],{"class":58},[20,69749,247],{},[35,69751,69753],{"className":37,"code":69752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69754,69755,69760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69756,69757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69758,69759],{"class":50},"b\n",[44,69761,69762,69764,69766,69768,69770,69772,69774,69776,69778],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69763,1271],{"class":58},[44,69765,2948],{"class":62},[44,69767,270],{"class":66},[44,69769,2948],{"class":62},[44,69771,72],{"class":58},[44,69773,2943],{"class":62},[44,69775,408],{"class":66},[44,69777,2948],{"class":62},[44,69779,3286],{"class":58},[20,69781,69782,69783,114],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[270,69784,52407],{"href":50615},[30,69786,69788],{"id":69787},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69790,69791,69792,69794],{},"When you call ",[15,69793,12413],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[35,69796,69798],{"className":37,"code":69797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69799,69800,69835,69839,69854,69858,69869],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69801,69802,69804,69806,69808,69810,69813,69815,69817,69819,69822,69824,69826,69828,69831,69833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69803,29537],{"class":50},[44,69805,55],{"class":54},[44,69807,3273],{"class":58},[44,69809,63],{"class":62},[44,69811,69812],{"class":66},"write",[44,69814,63],{"class":62},[44,69816,72],{"class":58},[44,69818,75],{"class":62},[44,69820,69821],{"class":66},"test",[44,69823,63],{"class":62},[44,69825,72],{"class":58},[44,69827,75],{"class":62},[44,69829,69830],{"class":66},"submit",[44,69832,63],{"class":62},[44,69834,3286],{"class":58},[44,69836,69837],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69838,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69840,69841,69844,69846,69848,69850,69852],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69842,69843],{"class":50},"last_task ",[44,69845,55],{"class":54},[44,69847,29615],{"class":50},[44,69849,114],{"class":58},[44,69851,25881],{"class":117},[44,69853,8292],{"class":58},[44,69855,69856],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,69857,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69859,69860,69862,69864,69867],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,69861,136],{"class":135},[44,69863,121],{"class":58},[44,69865,69866],{"class":117},"last_task",[44,69868,100],{"class":58},[44,69870,69871,69873,69875,69877],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,69872,136],{"class":135},[44,69874,121],{"class":58},[44,69876,36143],{"class":117},[44,69878,100],{"class":58},[20,69880,247],{},[35,69882,69884],{"className":37,"code":69883,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69885,69886,69891],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69887,69888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69889,69890],{"class":50},"submit\n",[44,69892,69893,69895,69897,69899,69901,69903,69905,69907,69909],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69894,1271],{"class":58},[44,69896,2948],{"class":62},[44,69898,69812],{"class":66},[44,69900,2948],{"class":62},[44,69902,72],{"class":58},[44,69904,2943],{"class":62},[44,69906,69821],{"class":66},[44,69908,2948],{"class":62},[44,69910,3286],{"class":58},[20,69912,69913],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[30,69915,69917],{"id":69916},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69919,69920],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[35,69922,69924],{"className":37,"code":69923,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69925,69926,69966,69970,69988,69992,70002],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,69927,69928,69930,69932,69934,69936,69938,69940,69942,69944,69946,69948,69950,69952,69954,69956,69958,69960,69962,69964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,69929,1200],{"class":50},[44,69931,55],{"class":54},[44,69933,3273],{"class":58},[44,69935,63],{"class":62},[44,69937,1209],{"class":66},[44,69939,63],{"class":62},[44,69941,72],{"class":58},[44,69943,75],{"class":62},[44,69945,1218],{"class":66},[44,69947,63],{"class":62},[44,69949,72],{"class":58},[44,69951,75],{"class":62},[44,69953,3745],{"class":66},[44,69955,63],{"class":62},[44,69957,72],{"class":58},[44,69959,75],{"class":62},[44,69961,1227],{"class":66},[44,69963,63],{"class":62},[44,69965,3286],{"class":58},[44,69967,69968],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,69969,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69971,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,69973,69551],{"class":50},[44,69975,55],{"class":54},[44,69977,52487],{"class":50},[44,69979,114],{"class":58},[44,69981,25881],{"class":117},[44,69983,121],{"class":58},[44,69985,1133],{"class":206},[44,69987,100],{"class":58},[44,69989,69990],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,69991,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,69993,69994,69996,69998,70000],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,69995,136],{"class":135},[44,69997,121],{"class":58},[44,69999,69574],{"class":117},[44,70001,100],{"class":58},[44,70003,70004,70006,70008,70010],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,70005,136],{"class":135},[44,70007,121],{"class":58},[44,70009,1244],{"class":117},[44,70011,100],{"class":58},[20,70013,247],{},[35,70015,70017],{"className":37,"code":70016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70018,70019,70024],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70020,70021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70022,70023],{"class":50},"banana\n",[44,70025,70026,70028,70030,70032,70034,70036,70038,70040,70042,70044,70046,70048,70050],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70027,1271],{"class":58},[44,70029,2948],{"class":62},[44,70031,1209],{"class":66},[44,70033,2948],{"class":62},[44,70035,72],{"class":58},[44,70037,2943],{"class":62},[44,70039,3745],{"class":66},[44,70041,2948],{"class":62},[44,70043,72],{"class":58},[44,70045,2943],{"class":62},[44,70047,1227],{"class":66},[44,70049,2948],{"class":62},[44,70051,3286],{"class":58},[20,70053,70054],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[35,70056,70058],{"className":37,"code":70057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70059,70060,70092,70096,70116,70120,70130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70061,70062,70064,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074,70076,70078,70080,70082,70084,70086,70088,70090],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70063,1200],{"class":50},[44,70065,55],{"class":54},[44,70067,3273],{"class":58},[44,70069,63],{"class":62},[44,70071,1209],{"class":66},[44,70073,63],{"class":62},[44,70075,72],{"class":58},[44,70077,75],{"class":62},[44,70079,1218],{"class":66},[44,70081,63],{"class":62},[44,70083,72],{"class":58},[44,70085,75],{"class":62},[44,70087,3745],{"class":66},[44,70089,63],{"class":62},[44,70091,3286],{"class":58},[44,70093,70094],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70095,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70097,70098,70100,70102,70104,70106,70108,70110,70112,70114],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70099,69551],{"class":50},[44,70101,55],{"class":54},[44,70103,52487],{"class":50},[44,70105,114],{"class":58},[44,70107,25881],{"class":117},[44,70109,121],{"class":58},[44,70111,1674],{"class":54},[44,70113,1133],{"class":206},[44,70115,100],{"class":58},[44,70117,70118],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,70119,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70121,70122,70124,70126,70128],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,70123,136],{"class":135},[44,70125,121],{"class":58},[44,70127,69574],{"class":117},[44,70129,100],{"class":58},[44,70131,70132,70134,70136,70138],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,70133,136],{"class":135},[44,70135,121],{"class":58},[44,70137,1244],{"class":117},[44,70139,100],{"class":58},[20,70141,247],{},[35,70143,70145],{"className":37,"code":70144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70146,70147,70152],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70148,70149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70150,70151],{"class":50},"cherry\n",[44,70153,70154,70156,70158,70160,70162,70164,70166,70168,70170],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70155,1271],{"class":58},[44,70157,2948],{"class":62},[44,70159,1209],{"class":66},[44,70161,2948],{"class":62},[44,70163,72],{"class":58},[44,70165,2943],{"class":62},[44,70167,1218],{"class":66},[44,70169,2948],{"class":62},[44,70171,3286],{"class":58},[20,70173,70174,70175,70177],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70176,65473],{}," means the last item.",[20,70179,70180,70181,114],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[270,70182,70183,1180],{"href":58598},[15,70184,1546],{},[30,70186,70188],{"id":70187},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70190,70191,70193],{},[15,70192,12413],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70195,70196,70197,898,70199,114],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70198,12413],{},[270,70200,70201],{"href":54708},[15,70202,55165],{},[20,70204,189],{},[35,70206,70208],{"className":37,"code":70207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70209,70210,70242,70246,70265,70269,70280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70211,70212,70214,70216,70218,70220,70222,70224,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70213,4643],{"class":50},[44,70215,55],{"class":54},[44,70217,3273],{"class":58},[44,70219,63],{"class":62},[44,70221,12531],{"class":66},[44,70223,63],{"class":62},[44,70225,72],{"class":58},[44,70227,75],{"class":62},[44,70229,35583],{"class":66},[44,70231,63],{"class":62},[44,70233,72],{"class":58},[44,70235,75],{"class":62},[44,70237,35592],{"class":66},[44,70239,63],{"class":62},[44,70241,3286],{"class":58},[44,70243,70244],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70245,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70247,70248,70251,70253,70255,70257,70259,70261,70263],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70249,70250],{"class":50},"removed_name ",[44,70252,55],{"class":54},[44,70254,69193],{"class":50},[44,70256,114],{"class":58},[44,70258,25881],{"class":117},[44,70260,121],{"class":58},[44,70262,186],{"class":206},[44,70264,100],{"class":58},[44,70266,70267],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,70268,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70270,70271,70273,70275,70278],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,70272,136],{"class":135},[44,70274,121],{"class":58},[44,70276,70277],{"class":117},"removed_name",[44,70279,100],{"class":58},[44,70281,70282,70284,70286,70288],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,70283,136],{"class":135},[44,70285,121],{"class":58},[44,70287,4687],{"class":117},[44,70289,100],{"class":58},[20,70291,247],{},[35,70293,70295],{"className":37,"code":70294,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70296,70297,70301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70298,70299],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70300,49678],{"class":50},[44,70302,70303,70305,70307,70309,70311,70313,70315,70317,70319],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70304,1271],{"class":58},[44,70306,2948],{"class":62},[44,70308,35583],{"class":66},[44,70310,2948],{"class":62},[44,70312,72],{"class":58},[44,70314,2943],{"class":62},[44,70316,35592],{"class":66},[44,70318,2948],{"class":62},[44,70320,3286],{"class":58},[20,70322,70323],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70325,70326,70327,70329,70330,114],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70328,55165],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70331,3428],{},[30,70333,70335],{"id":70334},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[338,70337,70339],{"id":70338},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70341,70342,70343,70345,70346,114],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70344,12413],{}," raises an ",[15,70347,70348],{},"IndexError",[35,70350,70352],{"className":37,"code":70351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70353,70354,70362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70355,70356,70358,70360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70357,7429],{"class":50},[44,70359,55],{"class":54},[44,70361,7487],{"class":58},[44,70363,70364,70366,70368,70370],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70365,7458],{"class":50},[44,70367,114],{"class":58},[44,70369,25881],{"class":117},[44,70371,8292],{"class":58},[20,70373,247],{},[35,70375,70377],{"className":37,"code":70376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70378,70379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70380,70381,70383,70385,70388,70391,70394],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70382,70348],{"class":2546},[44,70384,1155],{"class":58},[44,70386,70387],{"class":50}," pop ",[44,70389,70390],{"class":805},"from",[44,70392,70393],{"class":50}," empty ",[44,70395,49524],{"class":2546},[20,70397,38899],{},[169,70399,70400,70405],{},[172,70401,70402,70403],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70404,12413],{},[172,70406,70407,70408,898,70410],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70409,29443],{},[15,70411,29474],{},[20,70413,189],{},[35,70415,70417],{"className":37,"code":70416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70418,70419,70427,70431,70439,70453,70459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70420,70421,70423,70425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70422,7429],{"class":50},[44,70424,55],{"class":54},[44,70426,7487],{"class":58},[44,70428,70429],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70430,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70432,70433,70435,70437],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70434,806],{"class":805},[44,70436,5614],{"class":50},[44,70438,820],{"class":58},[44,70440,70441,70443,70445,70447,70449,70451],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,70442,825],{"class":135},[44,70444,121],{"class":58},[44,70446,7458],{"class":117},[44,70448,114],{"class":58},[44,70450,25881],{"class":117},[44,70452,6843],{"class":58},[44,70454,70455,70457],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,70456,848],{"class":805},[44,70458,820],{"class":58},[44,70460,70461,70463,70465,70467,70470,70472],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,70462,825],{"class":135},[44,70464,121],{"class":58},[44,70466,63],{"class":62},[44,70468,70469],{"class":66},"The list is empty.",[44,70471,63],{"class":62},[44,70473,100],{"class":58},[338,70475,70477],{"id":70476},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70479,70480,70481,114],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70482,70348],{},[35,70484,70486],{"className":37,"code":70485,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70487,70488,70508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70489,70490,70492,70494,70496,70498,70500,70502,70504,70506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70491,199],{"class":50},[44,70493,55],{"class":54},[44,70495,3273],{"class":58},[44,70497,207],{"class":206},[44,70499,72],{"class":58},[44,70501,212],{"class":206},[44,70503,72],{"class":58},[44,70505,217],{"class":206},[44,70507,3286],{"class":58},[44,70509,70510,70512,70514,70516,70518,70520],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70511,232],{"class":50},[44,70513,114],{"class":58},[44,70515,25881],{"class":117},[44,70517,121],{"class":58},[44,70519,929],{"class":206},[44,70521,100],{"class":58},[20,70523,247],{},[35,70525,70527],{"className":37,"code":70526,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70528,70529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70530,70531,70533,70535,70538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70532,70348],{"class":2546},[44,70534,1155],{"class":58},[44,70536,70537],{"class":50}," pop index out of ",[44,70539,70540],{"class":135},"range\n",[20,70542,38899],{},[169,70544,70545,70550],{},[172,70546,70547,70548],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70549,41997],{},[172,70551,70552],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[35,70554,70556],{"className":37,"code":70555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70557,70558,70578,70587,70591,70613,70631,70637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70559,70560,70562,70564,70566,70568,70570,70572,70574,70576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70561,199],{"class":50},[44,70563,55],{"class":54},[44,70565,3273],{"class":58},[44,70567,207],{"class":206},[44,70569,72],{"class":58},[44,70571,212],{"class":206},[44,70573,72],{"class":58},[44,70575,217],{"class":206},[44,70577,3286],{"class":58},[44,70579,70580,70583,70585],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70581,70582],{"class":50},"index ",[44,70584,55],{"class":54},[44,70586,45227],{"class":206},[44,70588,70589],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70590,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70592,70593,70595,70597,70600,70603,70605,70607,70609,70611],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,70594,806],{"class":805},[44,70596,3483],{"class":206},[44,70598,70599],{"class":54}," \u003C=",[44,70601,70602],{"class":50}," index ",[44,70604,2937],{"class":54},[44,70606,38023],{"class":135},[44,70608,121],{"class":58},[44,70610,232],{"class":117},[44,70612,7991],{"class":58},[44,70614,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627,70629],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,70616,825],{"class":135},[44,70618,121],{"class":58},[44,70620,232],{"class":117},[44,70622,114],{"class":58},[44,70624,25881],{"class":117},[44,70626,121],{"class":58},[44,70628,118],{"class":117},[44,70630,244],{"class":58},[44,70632,70633,70635],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,70634,848],{"class":805},[44,70636,820],{"class":58},[44,70638,70639,70641,70643,70645,70648,70650],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,70640,825],{"class":135},[44,70642,121],{"class":58},[44,70644,63],{"class":62},[44,70646,70647],{"class":66},"Index is out of range.",[44,70649,63],{"class":62},[44,70651,100],{"class":58},[20,70653,70654,70655,114],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[270,70656,68876],{"href":68875},[338,70658,70660],{"id":70659},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70662,70663,70665],{},[15,70664,12413],{}," expects an integer index.",[35,70667,70669],{"className":37,"code":70668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70670,70671,70691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70672,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70674,199],{"class":50},[44,70676,55],{"class":54},[44,70678,3273],{"class":58},[44,70680,207],{"class":206},[44,70682,72],{"class":58},[44,70684,212],{"class":206},[44,70686,72],{"class":58},[44,70688,217],{"class":206},[44,70690,3286],{"class":58},[44,70692,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70707],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70694,232],{"class":50},[44,70696,114],{"class":58},[44,70698,25881],{"class":117},[44,70700,121],{"class":58},[44,70702,63],{"class":62},[44,70704,1133],{"class":66},[44,70706,63],{"class":62},[44,70708,100],{"class":58},[20,70710,247],{},[35,70712,70714],{"className":37,"code":70713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70715,70716],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70717,70718,70720,70722,70724,70726,70728,70730,70733,70736],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70719,2650],{"class":2546},[44,70721,1155],{"class":58},[44,70723,2943],{"class":62},[44,70725,3092],{"class":66},[44,70727,2948],{"class":62},[44,70729,24257],{"class":2546},[44,70731,70732],{"class":50}," cannot be interpreted ",[44,70734,70735],{"class":805},"as",[44,70737,70738],{"class":50}," an integer\n",[20,70740,38899],{},[169,70742,70743,70752],{},[172,70744,70745,70746,1134,70748,1841,70750],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70747,186],{},[15,70749,1133],{},[15,70751,65473],{},[172,70753,70754],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[35,70756,70758],{"className":37,"code":70757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70759,70760,70780,70798,70802,70820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70761,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776,70778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70763,199],{"class":50},[44,70765,55],{"class":54},[44,70767,3273],{"class":58},[44,70769,207],{"class":206},[44,70771,72],{"class":58},[44,70773,212],{"class":206},[44,70775,72],{"class":58},[44,70777,217],{"class":206},[44,70779,3286],{"class":58},[44,70781,70782,70784,70786,70788,70790,70792,70794,70796],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70783,70582],{"class":50},[44,70785,55],{"class":54},[44,70787,44914],{"class":2546},[44,70789,121],{"class":58},[44,70791,63],{"class":62},[44,70793,1133],{"class":66},[44,70795,63],{"class":62},[44,70797,100],{"class":58},[44,70799,70800],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70801,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70803,70804,70806,70808,70810,70812,70814,70816,70818],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,70805,136],{"class":135},[44,70807,121],{"class":58},[44,70809,232],{"class":117},[44,70811,114],{"class":58},[44,70813,25881],{"class":117},[44,70815,121],{"class":58},[44,70817,118],{"class":117},[44,70819,244],{"class":58},[44,70821,70822,70824,70826,70828],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,70823,136],{"class":135},[44,70825,121],{"class":58},[44,70827,232],{"class":117},[44,70829,100],{"class":58},[20,70831,247],{},[35,70833,70835],{"className":37,"code":70834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70836,70837,70842],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70838,70839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70840,70841],{"class":206},"20\n",[44,70843,70844,70846,70848,70850,70852],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70845,1271],{"class":58},[44,70847,207],{"class":206},[44,70849,72],{"class":58},[44,70851,217],{"class":206},[44,70853,3286],{"class":58},[30,70855,70857],{"id":70856},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70859,70860],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[338,70862,651,70864,654],{"id":70863},"use-pop-when",[15,70865,12413],{},[169,70867,70868,70871,70874],{},[172,70869,70870],{},"you want to remove by index",[172,70872,70873],{},"you want the removed item returned",[172,70875,70876],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[338,70878,651,70880,654],{"id":70879},"use-remove-when",[15,70881,55165],{},[169,70883,70884,70887],{},[172,70885,70886],{},"you want to remove by value",[172,70888,70889],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70891,70892],{},"Compare these examples:",[35,70894,70896],{"className":37,"code":70895,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70897,70898,70922,70926,70944,70954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70899,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916,70918,70920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70901,199],{"class":50},[44,70903,55],{"class":54},[44,70905,3273],{"class":58},[44,70907,207],{"class":206},[44,70909,72],{"class":58},[44,70911,212],{"class":206},[44,70913,72],{"class":58},[44,70915,217],{"class":206},[44,70917,72],{"class":58},[44,70919,212],{"class":206},[44,70921,3286],{"class":58},[44,70923,70924],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70925,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,70927,70928,70930,70932,70934,70936,70938,70940,70942],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,70929,69551],{"class":50},[44,70931,55],{"class":54},[44,70933,3912],{"class":50},[44,70935,114],{"class":58},[44,70937,25881],{"class":117},[44,70939,121],{"class":58},[44,70941,1133],{"class":206},[44,70943,100],{"class":58},[44,70945,70946,70948,70950,70952],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,70947,136],{"class":135},[44,70949,121],{"class":58},[44,70951,69574],{"class":117},[44,70953,100],{"class":58},[44,70955,70956,70958,70960,70962],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,70957,136],{"class":135},[44,70959,121],{"class":58},[44,70961,232],{"class":117},[44,70963,100],{"class":58},[20,70965,247],{},[35,70967,70969],{"className":37,"code":70968,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70970,70971,70975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70972,70973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70974,70841],{"class":206},[44,70976,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,70978,1271],{"class":58},[44,70980,207],{"class":206},[44,70982,72],{"class":58},[44,70984,217],{"class":206},[44,70986,72],{"class":58},[44,70988,212],{"class":206},[44,70990,3286],{"class":58},[35,70992,70994],{"className":37,"code":70993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70995,70996,71020,71024,71038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,70997,70998,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010,71012,71014,71016,71018],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,70999,199],{"class":50},[44,71001,55],{"class":54},[44,71003,3273],{"class":58},[44,71005,207],{"class":206},[44,71007,72],{"class":58},[44,71009,212],{"class":206},[44,71011,72],{"class":58},[44,71013,217],{"class":206},[44,71015,72],{"class":58},[44,71017,212],{"class":206},[44,71019,3286],{"class":58},[44,71021,71022],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71023,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,71025,71026,71028,71030,71032,71034,71036],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71027,232],{"class":50},[44,71029,114],{"class":58},[44,71031,34436],{"class":117},[44,71033,121],{"class":58},[44,71035,241],{"class":206},[44,71037,100],{"class":58},[44,71039,71040,71042,71044,71046],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,71041,136],{"class":135},[44,71043,121],{"class":58},[44,71045,232],{"class":117},[44,71047,100],{"class":58},[20,71049,247],{},[35,71051,71053],{"className":37,"code":71052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71054,71055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71056,71057,71059,71061,71063,71065,71067,71069],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71058,1271],{"class":58},[44,71060,207],{"class":206},[44,71062,72],{"class":58},[44,71064,217],{"class":206},[44,71066,72],{"class":58},[44,71068,212],{"class":206},[44,71070,3286],{"class":58},[20,71072,71073,71074,71077,71078,114],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71075,71076],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71079,1133],{},[20,71081,56241,71082,71085,71086,114],{},[15,71083,71084],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71087,241],{},[20,71089,71090,71091,114],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[270,71092,54704],{"href":54703},[30,71094,1299],{"id":1298},[20,71096,71097,71098,1155],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71099,12413],{},[169,71101,71102,71105,71108,71114,71118],{},[172,71103,71104],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[172,71106,71107],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[172,71109,1330,71110,8354,71112],{},[15,71111,12413],{},[15,71113,55165],{},[172,71115,1312,71116,61603],{},[15,71117,12413],{},[172,71119,71120],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71122,71123],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[35,71125,71127],{"className":37,"code":71126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71128,71129,71139,71153,71167,71185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71130,71131,71133,71135,71137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71132,136],{"class":135},[44,71134,121],{"class":58},[44,71136,7988],{"class":117},[44,71138,100],{"class":58},[44,71140,71141,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71142,136],{"class":135},[44,71144,121],{"class":58},[44,71146,1365],{"class":135},[44,71148,121],{"class":58},[44,71150,7988],{"class":117},[44,71152,244],{"class":58},[44,71154,71155,71157,71159,71161,71163,71165],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71156,136],{"class":135},[44,71158,121],{"class":58},[44,71160,7988],{"class":117},[44,71162,114],{"class":58},[44,71164,25881],{"class":117},[44,71166,6843],{"class":58},[44,71168,71169,71171,71173,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,71170,136],{"class":135},[44,71172,121],{"class":58},[44,71174,7988],{"class":117},[44,71176,114],{"class":58},[44,71178,25881],{"class":117},[44,71180,121],{"class":58},[44,71182,186],{"class":206},[44,71184,244],{"class":58},[44,71186,71187,71189,71191,71193,71195,71197],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,71188,136],{"class":135},[44,71190,121],{"class":58},[44,71192,2868],{"class":2546},[44,71194,121],{"class":58},[44,71196,118],{"class":117},[44,71198,244],{"class":58},[20,71200,71201],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[169,71203,71204,71210],{},[172,71205,71206,71209],{},[15,71207,71208],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[172,71211,71212,71215],{},[15,71213,71214],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71217,71218,71219,71222],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71220,71221],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[30,71224,1497],{"id":1496},[338,71226,71228],{"id":71227},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71230,71231,71232,71234],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71233,12413],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[338,71236,71238],{"id":71237},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71240,71241,71243,71244,71246,71247,114],{},[15,71242,12413],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71245,55165],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71248,3428],{},[338,71250,71252],{"id":71251},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71254,71255,71256,71259],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71257,71258],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[338,71261,71263],{"id":71262},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71265,71266,71267,71269],{},"Python raises ",[15,71268,70348],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[30,71271,1554],{"id":1553},[169,71273,71274,71278,71283,71288,71293],{},[172,71275,71276],{},[270,71277,55151],{"href":54703},[172,71279,71280],{},[270,71281,71282],{"href":54708},"Python list remove() method",[172,71284,71285],{},[270,71286,71287],{"href":58598},"Python list index() method",[172,71289,71290],{},[270,71291,71292],{"href":50615},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[172,71294,71295],{},[270,71296,68876],{"href":68875},[1583,71298,71299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":71301},[71302,71303,71304,71305,71306,71307,71308,71313,71319,71320,71326],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":69477,"depth":103,"text":69478},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":69787,"depth":103,"text":69788},{"id":69916,"depth":103,"text":69917},{"id":70187,"depth":103,"text":70188},{"id":70334,"depth":103,"text":70335,"children":71309},[71310,71311,71312],{"id":70338,"depth":132,"text":70339},{"id":70476,"depth":132,"text":70477},{"id":70659,"depth":132,"text":70660},{"id":70856,"depth":103,"text":70857,"children":71314},[71315,71317],{"id":70863,"depth":132,"text":71316},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70879,"depth":132,"text":71318},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":71321},[71322,71323,71324,71325],{"id":71227,"depth":132,"text":71228},{"id":71237,"depth":132,"text":71238},{"id":71251,"depth":132,"text":71252},{"id":71262,"depth":132,"text":71263},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69344,"description":71327},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71334,"title":71335,"body":71336,"description":73122,"extension":1616,"meta":73123,"navigation":434,"path":73124,"seo":73125,"stem":73126,"__hash__":73127},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71337,"toc":73104},[71338,71341,71346,71352,71354,71424,71430,71434,71439,71460,71463,71530,71532,71553,71561,71563,71582,71598,71600,71665,71667,71692,71694,71696,71761,71763,71788,71790,71804,71807,71860,71862,71883,71887,71895,71968,71970,72003,72009,72015,72106,72108,72133,72139,72228,72230,72254,72256,72260,72315,72317,72349,72352,72355,72449,72451,72484,72490,72496,72500,72507,72533,72537,72602,72604,72629,72633,72714,72716,72745,72750,72755,72761,72765,72772,72794,72798,72857,72859,72883,72892,72897,72899,72903,72932,72934,73009,73012,73026,73032,73034,73038,73041,73045,73050,73054,73063,73067,73075,73077,73101],[10,71339,71335],{"id":71340},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71342,164,71343,71345],{},[15,71344,54711],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71347,71348,71349,71351],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[367,71350,302],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[30,71353,33],{"id":32},[35,71355,71357],{"className":37,"code":71356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71358,71359,71391,71409,71419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71360,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381,71383,71385,71387,71389],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71362,7429],{"class":50},[44,71364,55],{"class":54},[44,71366,3273],{"class":58},[44,71368,63],{"class":62},[44,71370,1209],{"class":66},[44,71372,63],{"class":62},[44,71374,72],{"class":58},[44,71376,75],{"class":62},[44,71378,1218],{"class":66},[44,71380,63],{"class":62},[44,71382,72],{"class":58},[44,71384,75],{"class":62},[44,71386,1227],{"class":66},[44,71388,63],{"class":62},[44,71390,3286],{"class":58},[44,71392,71393,71395,71397,71399,71401,71403,71405,71407],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71394,7458],{"class":50},[44,71396,114],{"class":58},[44,71398,34436],{"class":117},[44,71400,121],{"class":58},[44,71402,63],{"class":62},[44,71404,1218],{"class":66},[44,71406,63],{"class":62},[44,71408,100],{"class":58},[44,71410,71411,71413,71415,71417],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71412,136],{"class":135},[44,71414,121],{"class":58},[44,71416,7458],{"class":117},[44,71418,100],{"class":58},[44,71420,71421],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,71422,71423],{"class":147},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71425,651,71426,71429],{},[15,71427,71428],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[30,71431,71433],{"id":71432},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71435,71436,71438],{},[15,71437,55165],{}," is a list method that:",[169,71440,71441,71447,71452,71457],{},[172,71442,71443,71444,71446],{},"Deletes the ",[367,71445,29548],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[172,71448,71449,71450],{},"Changes the original list ",[367,71451,10983],{},[172,71453,12355,71454,71456],{},[367,71455,881],{}," return a new list",[172,71458,71459],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71461,71462],{},"This is important for beginners:",[35,71464,71466],{"className":37,"code":71465,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71467,71468,71488,71506,71510,71520],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71469,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478,71480,71482,71484,71486],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71471,199],{"class":50},[44,71473,55],{"class":54},[44,71475,3273],{"class":58},[44,71477,1133],{"class":206},[44,71479,72],{"class":58},[44,71481,488],{"class":206},[44,71483,72],{"class":58},[44,71485,524],{"class":206},[44,71487,3286],{"class":58},[44,71489,71490,71492,71494,71496,71498,71500,71502,71504],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71491,604],{"class":50},[44,71493,55],{"class":54},[44,71495,3912],{"class":50},[44,71497,114],{"class":58},[44,71499,34436],{"class":117},[44,71501,121],{"class":58},[44,71503,1137],{"class":206},[44,71505,100],{"class":58},[44,71507,71508],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71509,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,71511,71512,71514,71516,71518],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,71513,136],{"class":135},[44,71515,121],{"class":58},[44,71517,232],{"class":117},[44,71519,100],{"class":58},[44,71521,71522,71524,71526,71528],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,71523,136],{"class":135},[44,71525,121],{"class":58},[44,71527,632],{"class":117},[44,71529,100],{"class":58},[20,71531,247],{},[35,71533,71535],{"className":37,"code":71534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71536,71537,71549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71538,71539,71541,71543,71545,71547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71540,1271],{"class":58},[44,71542,1133],{"class":206},[44,71544,72],{"class":58},[44,71546,524],{"class":206},[44,71548,3286],{"class":58},[44,71550,71551],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71552,11458],{"class":3502},[20,71554,71555,71556,71558,71559,114],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71557,55165],{}," itself returned ",[15,71560,3428],{},[30,71562,5079],{"id":5078},[35,71564,71566],{"className":37,"code":71565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71567,71568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71569,71570,71572,71574,71576,71578,71580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71571,7742],{"class":2546},[44,71573,114],{"class":58},[44,71575,34436],{"class":117},[44,71577,121],{"class":58},[44,71579,302],{"class":117},[44,71581,100],{"class":58},[169,71583,71584,71589,71592],{},[172,71585,71586,71588],{},[15,71587,302],{}," is the item you want to delete",[172,71590,71591],{},"Python searches from left to right",[172,71593,71594,71595,71597],{},"Only the ",[367,71596,29548],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71599,189],{},[35,71601,71603],{"className":37,"code":71602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71604,71605,71637,71655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71606,71607,71609,71611,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627,71629,71631,71633,71635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71608,382],{"class":50},[44,71610,55],{"class":54},[44,71612,3273],{"class":58},[44,71614,63],{"class":62},[44,71616,270],{"class":66},[44,71618,63],{"class":62},[44,71620,72],{"class":58},[44,71622,75],{"class":62},[44,71624,399],{"class":66},[44,71626,63],{"class":62},[44,71628,72],{"class":58},[44,71630,75],{"class":62},[44,71632,408],{"class":66},[44,71634,63],{"class":62},[44,71636,3286],{"class":58},[44,71638,71639,71641,71643,71645,71647,71649,71651,71653],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71640,444],{"class":50},[44,71642,114],{"class":58},[44,71644,34436],{"class":117},[44,71646,121],{"class":58},[44,71648,63],{"class":62},[44,71650,399],{"class":66},[44,71652,63],{"class":62},[44,71654,100],{"class":58},[44,71656,71657,71659,71661,71663],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71658,136],{"class":135},[44,71660,121],{"class":58},[44,71662,444],{"class":117},[44,71664,100],{"class":58},[20,71666,247],{},[35,71668,71670],{"className":37,"code":71669,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71671,71672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71673,71674,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71675,1271],{"class":58},[44,71677,2948],{"class":62},[44,71679,270],{"class":66},[44,71681,2948],{"class":62},[44,71683,72],{"class":58},[44,71685,2943],{"class":62},[44,71687,408],{"class":66},[44,71689,2948],{"class":62},[44,71691,3286],{"class":58},[30,71693,5435],{"id":5434},[20,71695,64801],{},[35,71697,71699],{"className":37,"code":71698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71700,71701,71733,71751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71702,71703,71705,71707,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723,71725,71727,71729,71731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71704,51],{"class":50},[44,71706,55],{"class":54},[44,71708,3273],{"class":58},[44,71710,63],{"class":62},[44,71712,67],{"class":66},[44,71714,63],{"class":62},[44,71716,72],{"class":58},[44,71718,75],{"class":62},[44,71720,78],{"class":66},[44,71722,63],{"class":62},[44,71724,72],{"class":58},[44,71726,75],{"class":62},[44,71728,87],{"class":66},[44,71730,63],{"class":62},[44,71732,3286],{"class":58},[44,71734,71735,71737,71739,71741,71743,71745,71747,71749],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71736,734],{"class":50},[44,71738,114],{"class":58},[44,71740,34436],{"class":117},[44,71742,121],{"class":58},[44,71744,63],{"class":62},[44,71746,78],{"class":66},[44,71748,63],{"class":62},[44,71750,100],{"class":58},[44,71752,71753,71755,71757,71759],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71754,136],{"class":135},[44,71756,121],{"class":58},[44,71758,734],{"class":117},[44,71760,100],{"class":58},[20,71762,247],{},[35,71764,71766],{"className":37,"code":71765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71767,71768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71769,71770,71772,71774,71776,71778,71780,71782,71784,71786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71771,1271],{"class":58},[44,71773,2948],{"class":62},[44,71775,67],{"class":66},[44,71777,2948],{"class":62},[44,71779,72],{"class":58},[44,71781,2943],{"class":62},[44,71783,87],{"class":66},[44,71785,2948],{"class":62},[44,71787,3286],{"class":58},[20,71789,11333],{},[169,71791,71792,71795,71801],{},[172,71793,71794],{},"A list is created with three values",[172,71796,71797,71800],{},[15,71798,71799],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[172,71802,71803],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71805,71806],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[35,71808,71810],{"className":37,"code":71809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71811,71812,71836,71850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71813,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71815,4712],{"class":50},[44,71817,55],{"class":54},[44,71819,3273],{"class":58},[44,71821,207],{"class":206},[44,71823,72],{"class":58},[44,71825,212],{"class":206},[44,71827,72],{"class":58},[44,71829,217],{"class":206},[44,71831,72],{"class":58},[44,71833,50482],{"class":206},[44,71835,3286],{"class":58},[44,71837,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846,71848],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71839,16036],{"class":50},[44,71841,114],{"class":58},[44,71843,34436],{"class":117},[44,71845,121],{"class":58},[44,71847,36479],{"class":206},[44,71849,100],{"class":58},[44,71851,71852,71854,71856,71858],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71853,136],{"class":135},[44,71855,121],{"class":58},[44,71857,16036],{"class":117},[44,71859,100],{"class":58},[20,71861,247],{},[35,71863,71865],{"className":37,"code":71864,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71866,71867],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71868,71869,71871,71873,71875,71877,71879,71881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71870,1271],{"class":58},[44,71872,207],{"class":206},[44,71874,72],{"class":58},[44,71876,212],{"class":206},[44,71878,72],{"class":58},[44,71880,50482],{"class":206},[44,71882,3286],{"class":58},[30,71884,71886],{"id":71885},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71888,64791,71889,71891,71892,71894],{},[15,71890,55165],{}," deletes only the ",[367,71893,29548],{}," one.",[35,71896,71898],{"className":37,"code":71897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71899,71900,71940,71958],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71901,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912,71914,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930,71932,71934,71936,71938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71903,7429],{"class":50},[44,71905,55],{"class":54},[44,71907,3273],{"class":58},[44,71909,63],{"class":62},[44,71911,1209],{"class":66},[44,71913,63],{"class":62},[44,71915,72],{"class":58},[44,71917,75],{"class":62},[44,71919,1218],{"class":66},[44,71921,63],{"class":62},[44,71923,72],{"class":58},[44,71925,75],{"class":62},[44,71927,1209],{"class":66},[44,71929,63],{"class":62},[44,71931,72],{"class":58},[44,71933,75],{"class":62},[44,71935,1227],{"class":66},[44,71937,63],{"class":62},[44,71939,3286],{"class":58},[44,71941,71942,71944,71946,71948,71950,71952,71954,71956],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,71943,7458],{"class":50},[44,71945,114],{"class":58},[44,71947,34436],{"class":117},[44,71949,121],{"class":58},[44,71951,63],{"class":62},[44,71953,1209],{"class":66},[44,71955,63],{"class":62},[44,71957,100],{"class":58},[44,71959,71960,71962,71964,71966],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,71961,136],{"class":135},[44,71963,121],{"class":58},[44,71965,7458],{"class":117},[44,71967,100],{"class":58},[20,71969,247],{},[35,71971,71973],{"className":37,"code":71972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71974,71975],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,71976,71977,71979,71981,71983,71985,71987,71989,71991,71993,71995,71997,71999,72001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,71978,1271],{"class":58},[44,71980,2948],{"class":62},[44,71982,1218],{"class":66},[44,71984,2948],{"class":62},[44,71986,72],{"class":58},[44,71988,2943],{"class":62},[44,71990,1209],{"class":66},[44,71992,2948],{"class":62},[44,71994,72],{"class":58},[44,71996,2943],{"class":62},[44,71998,1227],{"class":66},[44,72000,2948],{"class":62},[44,72002,3286],{"class":58},[20,72004,72005,72006,72008],{},"Only the first ",[15,72007,57468],{}," was removed.",[20,72010,72011,72012,72014],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72013,55165],{}," again:",[35,72016,72018],{"className":37,"code":72017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72019,72020,72060,72078,72096],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72021,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032,72034,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050,72052,72054,72056,72058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72023,7429],{"class":50},[44,72025,55],{"class":54},[44,72027,3273],{"class":58},[44,72029,63],{"class":62},[44,72031,1209],{"class":66},[44,72033,63],{"class":62},[44,72035,72],{"class":58},[44,72037,75],{"class":62},[44,72039,1218],{"class":66},[44,72041,63],{"class":62},[44,72043,72],{"class":58},[44,72045,75],{"class":62},[44,72047,1209],{"class":66},[44,72049,63],{"class":62},[44,72051,72],{"class":58},[44,72053,75],{"class":62},[44,72055,1227],{"class":66},[44,72057,63],{"class":62},[44,72059,3286],{"class":58},[44,72061,72062,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72063,7458],{"class":50},[44,72065,114],{"class":58},[44,72067,34436],{"class":117},[44,72069,121],{"class":58},[44,72071,63],{"class":62},[44,72073,1209],{"class":66},[44,72075,63],{"class":62},[44,72077,100],{"class":58},[44,72079,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092,72094],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72081,7458],{"class":50},[44,72083,114],{"class":58},[44,72085,34436],{"class":117},[44,72087,121],{"class":58},[44,72089,63],{"class":62},[44,72091,1209],{"class":66},[44,72093,63],{"class":62},[44,72095,100],{"class":58},[44,72097,72098,72100,72102,72104],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,72099,136],{"class":135},[44,72101,121],{"class":58},[44,72103,7458],{"class":117},[44,72105,100],{"class":58},[20,72107,247],{},[35,72109,72111],{"className":37,"code":72110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72112,72113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72114,72115,72117,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72116,1271],{"class":58},[44,72118,2948],{"class":62},[44,72120,1218],{"class":66},[44,72122,2948],{"class":62},[44,72124,72],{"class":58},[44,72126,2943],{"class":62},[44,72128,1227],{"class":66},[44,72130,2948],{"class":62},[44,72132,3286],{"class":58},[20,72134,72135,72136,72138],{},"If you need to remove ",[367,72137,3365],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[35,72140,72142],{"className":37,"code":72141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72143,72144,72184,72218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72145,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156,72158,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72147,7429],{"class":50},[44,72149,55],{"class":54},[44,72151,3273],{"class":58},[44,72153,63],{"class":62},[44,72155,1209],{"class":66},[44,72157,63],{"class":62},[44,72159,72],{"class":58},[44,72161,75],{"class":62},[44,72163,1218],{"class":66},[44,72165,63],{"class":62},[44,72167,72],{"class":58},[44,72169,75],{"class":62},[44,72171,1209],{"class":66},[44,72173,63],{"class":62},[44,72175,72],{"class":58},[44,72177,75],{"class":62},[44,72179,1227],{"class":66},[44,72181,63],{"class":62},[44,72183,3286],{"class":58},[44,72185,72186,72188,72190,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72203,72205,72207,72210,72212,72214,72216],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72187,7429],{"class":50},[44,72189,55],{"class":54},[44,72191,3273],{"class":58},[44,72193,28177],{"class":50},[44,72195,5606],{"class":805},[44,72197,5609],{"class":50},[44,72199,1383],{"class":805},[44,72201,72202],{"class":50}," items ",[44,72204,806],{"class":805},[44,72206,5609],{"class":50},[44,72208,72209],{"class":54},"!=",[44,72211,75],{"class":62},[44,72213,1209],{"class":66},[44,72215,63],{"class":62},[44,72217,3286],{"class":58},[44,72219,72220,72222,72224,72226],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72221,136],{"class":135},[44,72223,121],{"class":58},[44,72225,7458],{"class":117},[44,72227,100],{"class":58},[20,72229,247],{},[35,72231,72232],{"className":37,"code":72110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72233,72234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72235,72236,72238,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72237,1271],{"class":58},[44,72239,2948],{"class":62},[44,72241,1218],{"class":66},[44,72243,2948],{"class":62},[44,72245,72],{"class":58},[44,72247,2943],{"class":62},[44,72249,1227],{"class":66},[44,72251,2948],{"class":62},[44,72253,3286],{"class":58},[30,72255,680],{"id":679},[20,72257,65256,72258,114],{},[15,72259,686],{},[35,72261,72263],{"className":37,"code":72262,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72264,72265,72297],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72266,72267,72269,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291,72293,72295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72268,7429],{"class":50},[44,72270,55],{"class":54},[44,72272,3273],{"class":58},[44,72274,63],{"class":62},[44,72276,1209],{"class":66},[44,72278,63],{"class":62},[44,72280,72],{"class":58},[44,72282,75],{"class":62},[44,72284,1218],{"class":66},[44,72286,63],{"class":62},[44,72288,72],{"class":58},[44,72290,75],{"class":62},[44,72292,1227],{"class":66},[44,72294,63],{"class":62},[44,72296,3286],{"class":58},[44,72298,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72300,7458],{"class":50},[44,72302,114],{"class":58},[44,72304,34436],{"class":117},[44,72306,121],{"class":58},[44,72308,63],{"class":62},[44,72310,22172],{"class":66},[44,72312,63],{"class":62},[44,72314,100],{"class":58},[20,72316,247],{},[35,72318,72320],{"className":37,"code":72319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72321,72322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72323,72324,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72325,686],{"class":2546},[44,72327,1155],{"class":58},[44,72329,22199],{"class":2546},[44,72331,114],{"class":58},[44,72333,34436],{"class":117},[44,72335,121],{"class":58},[44,72337,1823],{"class":117},[44,72339,16099],{"class":58},[44,72341,3530],{"class":50},[44,72343,881],{"class":54},[44,72345,815],{"class":54},[44,72347,72348],{"class":2546}," list\n",[20,72350,72351],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72353,72354],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[35,72356,72358],{"className":37,"code":72357,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72359,72360,72392,72404,72408,72420,72435,72439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72361,72362,72364,72366,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376,72378,72380,72382,72384,72386,72388,72390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72363,7429],{"class":50},[44,72365,55],{"class":54},[44,72367,3273],{"class":58},[44,72369,63],{"class":62},[44,72371,1209],{"class":66},[44,72373,63],{"class":62},[44,72375,72],{"class":58},[44,72377,75],{"class":62},[44,72379,1218],{"class":66},[44,72381,63],{"class":62},[44,72383,72],{"class":58},[44,72385,75],{"class":62},[44,72387,1227],{"class":66},[44,72389,63],{"class":62},[44,72391,3286],{"class":58},[44,72393,72394,72396,72398,72400,72402],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72395,1380],{"class":50},[44,72397,55],{"class":54},[44,72399,75],{"class":62},[44,72401,22172],{"class":66},[44,72403,3007],{"class":62},[44,72405,72406],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72407,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,72409,72410,72412,72414,72416,72418],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,72411,806],{"class":805},[44,72413,1449],{"class":50},[44,72415,1383],{"class":54},[44,72417,5614],{"class":50},[44,72419,820],{"class":58},[44,72421,72422,72425,72427,72429,72431,72433],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,72423,72424],{"class":50},"    items",[44,72426,114],{"class":58},[44,72428,34436],{"class":117},[44,72430,121],{"class":58},[44,72432,302],{"class":117},[44,72434,100],{"class":58},[44,72436,72437],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,72438,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,72440,72441,72443,72445,72447],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,72442,136],{"class":135},[44,72444,121],{"class":58},[44,72446,7458],{"class":117},[44,72448,100],{"class":58},[20,72450,247],{},[35,72452,72454],{"className":37,"code":72453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72455,72456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72457,72458,72460,72462,72464,72466,72468,72470,72472,72474,72476,72478,72480,72482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72459,1271],{"class":58},[44,72461,2948],{"class":62},[44,72463,1209],{"class":66},[44,72465,2948],{"class":62},[44,72467,72],{"class":58},[44,72469,2943],{"class":62},[44,72471,1218],{"class":66},[44,72473,2948],{"class":62},[44,72475,72],{"class":58},[44,72477,2943],{"class":62},[44,72479,1227],{"class":66},[44,72481,2948],{"class":62},[44,72483,3286],{"class":58},[20,72485,72486,72487,72489],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72488,55165],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72491,72492,72493,114],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[270,72494,891],{"href":72495},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[30,72497,72499],{"id":72498},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72501,72502,898,72504,72506],{},[15,72503,55165],{},[15,72505,12413],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[169,72508,72509,72516,72522,72528],{},[172,72510,72511,72513,72514],{},[15,72512,55165],{}," deletes by ",[367,72515,302],{},[172,72517,72518,72513,72520],{},[15,72519,12413],{},[367,72521,118],{},[172,72523,72524,2044,72526],{},[15,72525,55165],{},[15,72527,3428],{},[172,72529,72530,72532],{},[15,72531,12413],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72534,45678,72535,1155],{},[15,72536,55165],{},[35,72538,72540],{"className":37,"code":72539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72541,72542,72574,72592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72543,72544,72546,72548,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564,72566,72568,72570,72572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72545,7429],{"class":50},[44,72547,55],{"class":54},[44,72549,3273],{"class":58},[44,72551,63],{"class":62},[44,72553,1209],{"class":66},[44,72555,63],{"class":62},[44,72557,72],{"class":58},[44,72559,75],{"class":62},[44,72561,1218],{"class":66},[44,72563,63],{"class":62},[44,72565,72],{"class":58},[44,72567,75],{"class":62},[44,72569,1227],{"class":66},[44,72571,63],{"class":62},[44,72573,3286],{"class":58},[44,72575,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588,72590],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72577,7458],{"class":50},[44,72579,114],{"class":58},[44,72581,34436],{"class":117},[44,72583,121],{"class":58},[44,72585,63],{"class":62},[44,72587,1218],{"class":66},[44,72589,63],{"class":62},[44,72591,100],{"class":58},[44,72593,72594,72596,72598,72600],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72595,136],{"class":135},[44,72597,121],{"class":58},[44,72599,7458],{"class":117},[44,72601,100],{"class":58},[20,72603,247],{},[35,72605,72607],{"className":37,"code":72606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72608,72609],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72610,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72612,1271],{"class":58},[44,72614,2948],{"class":62},[44,72616,1209],{"class":66},[44,72618,2948],{"class":62},[44,72620,72],{"class":58},[44,72622,2943],{"class":62},[44,72624,1227],{"class":66},[44,72626,2948],{"class":62},[44,72628,3286],{"class":58},[20,72630,45678,72631,1155],{},[15,72632,12413],{},[35,72634,72636],{"className":37,"code":72635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72637,72638,72670,72689,72693,72703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72639,72640,72642,72644,72646,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660,72662,72664,72666,72668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72641,7429],{"class":50},[44,72643,55],{"class":54},[44,72645,3273],{"class":58},[44,72647,63],{"class":62},[44,72649,1209],{"class":66},[44,72651,63],{"class":62},[44,72653,72],{"class":58},[44,72655,75],{"class":62},[44,72657,1218],{"class":66},[44,72659,63],{"class":62},[44,72661,72],{"class":58},[44,72663,75],{"class":62},[44,72665,1227],{"class":66},[44,72667,63],{"class":62},[44,72669,3286],{"class":58},[44,72671,72672,72675,72677,72679,72681,72683,72685,72687],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72673,72674],{"class":50},"removed_item ",[44,72676,55],{"class":54},[44,72678,5614],{"class":50},[44,72680,114],{"class":58},[44,72682,25881],{"class":117},[44,72684,121],{"class":58},[44,72686,1133],{"class":206},[44,72688,100],{"class":58},[44,72690,72691],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72692,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,72694,72695,72697,72699,72701],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,72696,136],{"class":135},[44,72698,121],{"class":58},[44,72700,7458],{"class":117},[44,72702,100],{"class":58},[44,72704,72705,72707,72709,72712],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,72706,136],{"class":135},[44,72708,121],{"class":58},[44,72710,72711],{"class":117},"removed_item",[44,72713,100],{"class":58},[20,72715,247],{},[35,72717,72719],{"className":37,"code":72718,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72720,72721,72741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72722,72723,72725,72727,72729,72731,72733,72735,72737,72739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72724,1271],{"class":58},[44,72726,2948],{"class":62},[44,72728,1209],{"class":66},[44,72730,2948],{"class":62},[44,72732,72],{"class":58},[44,72734,2943],{"class":62},[44,72736,1227],{"class":66},[44,72738,2948],{"class":62},[44,72740,3286],{"class":58},[44,72742,72743],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72744,70023],{"class":50},[20,72746,651,72747,72749],{},[15,72748,55165],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72751,651,72752,72754],{},[15,72753,12413],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72756,72757,72758,114],{},"For more detail, see the ",[270,72759,72760],{"href":54715},"Python list pop() method",[30,72762,72764],{"id":72763},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72766,72767,898,72769,72771],{},[15,72768,55165],{},[15,72770,26665],{}," are also different.",[169,72773,72774,72779,72784,72789],{},[172,72775,72776,72778],{},[15,72777,55165],{}," deletes by matching value",[172,72780,72781,72783],{},[15,72782,26665],{}," deletes by index or slice",[172,72785,651,72786,72788],{},[15,72787,26665],{}," when you know the position",[172,72790,651,72791,72793],{},[15,72792,55165],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72795,45678,72796,1155],{},[15,72797,26665],{},[35,72799,72801],{"className":37,"code":72800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72802,72803,72835,72847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72804,72805,72807,72809,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72806,7429],{"class":50},[44,72808,55],{"class":54},[44,72810,3273],{"class":58},[44,72812,63],{"class":62},[44,72814,1209],{"class":66},[44,72816,63],{"class":62},[44,72818,72],{"class":58},[44,72820,75],{"class":62},[44,72822,1218],{"class":66},[44,72824,63],{"class":62},[44,72826,72],{"class":58},[44,72828,75],{"class":62},[44,72830,1227],{"class":66},[44,72832,63],{"class":62},[44,72834,3286],{"class":58},[44,72836,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72838,26665],{"class":805},[44,72840,5614],{"class":50},[44,72842,1271],{"class":58},[44,72844,1133],{"class":206},[44,72846,3286],{"class":58},[44,72848,72849,72851,72853,72855],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72850,136],{"class":135},[44,72852,121],{"class":58},[44,72854,7458],{"class":117},[44,72856,100],{"class":58},[20,72858,247],{},[35,72860,72861],{"className":37,"code":72606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,72862,72863],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72864,72865,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875,72877,72879,72881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72866,1271],{"class":58},[44,72868,2948],{"class":62},[44,72870,1209],{"class":66},[44,72872,2948],{"class":62},[44,72874,72],{"class":58},[44,72876,2943],{"class":62},[44,72878,1227],{"class":66},[44,72880,2948],{"class":62},[44,72882,3286],{"class":58},[20,72884,72885,72886,72888,72889,72891],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72887,1133],{},", not the value ",[15,72890,1289],{}," directly.",[20,72893,72894,72895,114],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[270,72896,54704],{"href":54703},[30,72898,1299],{"id":1298},[20,72900,20852,72901,1155],{},[15,72902,55165],{},[169,72904,72905,72908,72913,72920,72929],{},[172,72906,72907],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[172,72909,1312,72910,72912],{},[15,72911,55165],{}," to delete all matching values",[172,72914,12245,72915,72917,72918],{},[15,72916,55165],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72919,3428],{},[172,72921,895,72922,44267,72924,2522,72926,72928],{},[15,72923,55165],{},[15,72925,12413],{},[15,72927,26665],{}," would be a better fit",[172,72930,72931],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72933,71123],{},[35,72935,72937],{"className":37,"code":72936,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72938,72939,72949,72963,72981,72995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,72940,72941,72943,72945,72947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,72942,136],{"class":135},[44,72944,121],{"class":58},[44,72946,7988],{"class":117},[44,72948,100],{"class":58},[44,72950,72951,72953,72955,72957,72959,72961],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,72952,136],{"class":135},[44,72954,121],{"class":58},[44,72956,1380],{"class":117},[44,72958,1383],{"class":805},[44,72960,8045],{"class":117},[44,72962,100],{"class":58},[44,72964,72965,72967,72969,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,72966,136],{"class":135},[44,72968,121],{"class":58},[44,72970,7988],{"class":117},[44,72972,114],{"class":58},[44,72974,1401],{"class":117},[44,72976,121],{"class":58},[44,72978,302],{"class":117},[44,72980,244],{"class":58},[44,72982,72983,72985,72987,72989,72991,72993],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,72984,136],{"class":135},[44,72986,121],{"class":58},[44,72988,2868],{"class":2546},[44,72990,121],{"class":58},[44,72992,7988],{"class":117},[44,72994,244],{"class":58},[44,72996,72997,72999,73001,73003,73005,73007],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,72998,31793],{"class":135},[44,73000,121],{"class":58},[44,73002,7742],{"class":2546},[44,73004,114],{"class":58},[44,73006,34436],{"class":24390},[44,73008,100],{"class":58},[20,73010,73011],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[169,73013,73014,73017,73020,73023],{},[172,73015,73016],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[172,73018,73019],{},"How many times does it appear?",[172,73021,73022],{},"Am I working with a list?",[172,73024,73025],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73027,73028,73029,73031],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[270,73030,71287],{"href":58598}," may also help.",[30,73033,1497],{"id":1496},[338,73035,73037],{"id":73036},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73039,73040],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[338,73042,73044],{"id":73043},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73046,4796,73047,73049],{},[15,73048,3428],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[338,73051,73053],{"id":73052},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73055,73056,73057,73060,73061,114],{},"Check with ",[15,73058,73059],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73062,55165],{},[338,73064,73066],{"id":73065},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73068,651,73069,73071,73072,73074],{},[15,73070,55165],{}," for a value and ",[15,73073,12413],{}," for an index.",[30,73076,1554],{"id":1553},[169,73078,73079,73083,73087,73091,73095],{},[172,73080,73081],{},[270,73082,55151],{"href":54703},[172,73084,73085],{},[270,73086,72760],{"href":54715},[172,73088,73089],{},[270,73090,71287],{"href":58598},[172,73092,73093],{},[270,73094,891],{"href":72495},[172,73096,73097],{},[270,73098,73100],{"href":73099},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1583,73102,73103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":73105},[73106,73107,73108,73109,73110,73111,73112,73113,73114,73115,73121],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":71432,"depth":103,"text":71433},{"id":5078,"depth":103,"text":5079},{"id":5434,"depth":103,"text":5435},{"id":71885,"depth":103,"text":71886},{"id":679,"depth":103,"text":680},{"id":72498,"depth":103,"text":72499},{"id":72763,"depth":103,"text":72764},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":73116},[73117,73118,73119,73120],{"id":73036,"depth":132,"text":73037},{"id":73043,"depth":132,"text":73044},{"id":73052,"depth":132,"text":73053},{"id":73065,"depth":132,"text":73066},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71335,"description":73122},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73129,"title":73130,"body":73131,"description":75022,"extension":1616,"meta":75023,"navigation":434,"path":75024,"seo":75025,"stem":75026,"__hash__":75027},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73132,"toc":74992},[73133,73139,73145,73148,73159,73161,73210,73215,73220,73224,73239,73241,73306,73308,73349,73351,73353,73368,73370,73381,73383,73440,73442,73475,73477,73480,73529,73531,73556,73558,73574,73580,73587,73648,73650,73683,73688,73691,73771,73773,73834,73840,73844,73847,73911,73913,73938,73940,73960,73962,74011,74013,74034,74043,74046,74050,74055,74100,74102,74123,74129,74134,74142,74206,74208,74245,74251,74255,74262,74327,74329,74366,74370,74387,74397,74402,74407,74418,74425,74427,74433,74456,74459,74486,74491,74494,74595,74597,74652,74655,74762,74764,74835,74838,74864,74866,74871,74875,74883,74888,74893,74899,74904,74908,74911,74928,74931,74951,74959,74961,74989],[10,73134,53978,73136,18],{"id":73135},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73137,73138],{},"reverse()",[20,73140,73141,73144],{},[15,73142,73143],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73146,73147],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73149,73150,73151,73153,73154,73158],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73152,73138],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[270,73155,73157],{"href":73156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[30,73160,3259],{"id":3258},[35,73162,73164],{"className":37,"code":73163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73165,73166,73186,73197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73167,73168,73170,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180,73182,73184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73169,199],{"class":50},[44,73171,55],{"class":54},[44,73173,3273],{"class":58},[44,73175,1133],{"class":206},[44,73177,72],{"class":58},[44,73179,488],{"class":206},[44,73181,72],{"class":58},[44,73183,524],{"class":206},[44,73185,3286],{"class":58},[44,73187,73188,73190,73192,73195],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73189,232],{"class":50},[44,73191,114],{"class":58},[44,73193,73194],{"class":117},"reverse",[44,73196,8292],{"class":58},[44,73198,73199,73201,73203,73205,73207],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73200,136],{"class":135},[44,73202,121],{"class":58},[44,73204,232],{"class":117},[44,73206,144],{"class":58},[44,73208,73209],{"class":147},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73211,73212,73214],{},[15,73213,73138],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[30,73216,158,73218,161],{"id":73217},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73219,73143],{},[20,73221,73222,1155],{},[15,73223,73143],{},[169,73225,73226,73229,73232,73236],{},[172,73227,73228],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[172,73230,73231],{},"Changes the original list directly",[172,73233,11072,73234],{},[15,73235,3428],{},[172,73237,73238],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73240,189],{},[35,73242,73244],{"className":37,"code":73243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73245,73246,73286,73296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73247,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258,73260,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73249,382],{"class":50},[44,73251,55],{"class":54},[44,73253,3273],{"class":58},[44,73255,63],{"class":62},[44,73257,270],{"class":66},[44,73259,63],{"class":62},[44,73261,72],{"class":58},[44,73263,75],{"class":62},[44,73265,399],{"class":66},[44,73267,63],{"class":62},[44,73269,72],{"class":58},[44,73271,75],{"class":62},[44,73273,408],{"class":66},[44,73275,63],{"class":62},[44,73277,72],{"class":58},[44,73279,75],{"class":62},[44,73281,425],{"class":66},[44,73283,63],{"class":62},[44,73285,3286],{"class":58},[44,73287,73288,73290,73292,73294],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73289,444],{"class":50},[44,73291,114],{"class":58},[44,73293,73194],{"class":117},[44,73295,8292],{"class":58},[44,73297,73298,73300,73302,73304],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73299,136],{"class":135},[44,73301,121],{"class":58},[44,73303,444],{"class":117},[44,73305,100],{"class":58},[20,73307,247],{},[35,73309,73311],{"className":37,"code":73310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73312,73313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73314,73315,73317,73319,73321,73323,73325,73327,73329,73331,73333,73335,73337,73339,73341,73343,73345,73347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73316,1271],{"class":58},[44,73318,2948],{"class":62},[44,73320,425],{"class":66},[44,73322,2948],{"class":62},[44,73324,72],{"class":58},[44,73326,2943],{"class":62},[44,73328,408],{"class":66},[44,73330,2948],{"class":62},[44,73332,72],{"class":58},[44,73334,2943],{"class":62},[44,73336,399],{"class":66},[44,73338,2948],{"class":62},[44,73340,72],{"class":58},[44,73342,2943],{"class":62},[44,73344,270],{"class":66},[44,73346,2948],{"class":62},[44,73348,3286],{"class":58},[30,73350,277],{"id":276},[20,73352,1809],{},[35,73354,73356],{"className":37,"code":73355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73357,73358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73359,73360,73362,73364,73366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73361,7988],{"class":50},[44,73363,114],{"class":58},[44,73365,73194],{"class":117},[44,73367,8292],{"class":58},[20,73369,12703],{},[169,73371,73372,73375,73378],{},[172,73373,73374],{},"No arguments are needed",[172,73376,73377],{},"You call it on an existing list",[172,73379,73380],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73382,189],{},[35,73384,73386],{"className":37,"code":73385,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73387,73388,73420,73430],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73389,73390,73392,73394,73396,73398,73400,73402,73404,73406,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416,73418],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73391,51],{"class":50},[44,73393,55],{"class":54},[44,73395,3273],{"class":58},[44,73397,63],{"class":62},[44,73399,67],{"class":66},[44,73401,63],{"class":62},[44,73403,72],{"class":58},[44,73405,75],{"class":62},[44,73407,87],{"class":66},[44,73409,63],{"class":62},[44,73411,72],{"class":58},[44,73413,75],{"class":62},[44,73415,78],{"class":66},[44,73417,63],{"class":62},[44,73419,3286],{"class":58},[44,73421,73422,73424,73426,73428],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73423,734],{"class":50},[44,73425,114],{"class":58},[44,73427,73194],{"class":117},[44,73429,8292],{"class":58},[44,73431,73432,73434,73436,73438],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73433,136],{"class":135},[44,73435,121],{"class":58},[44,73437,734],{"class":117},[44,73439,100],{"class":58},[20,73441,247],{},[35,73443,73445],{"className":37,"code":73444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73446,73447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73448,73449,73451,73453,73455,73457,73459,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73450,1271],{"class":58},[44,73452,2948],{"class":62},[44,73454,78],{"class":66},[44,73456,2948],{"class":62},[44,73458,72],{"class":58},[44,73460,2943],{"class":62},[44,73462,87],{"class":66},[44,73464,2948],{"class":62},[44,73466,72],{"class":58},[44,73468,2943],{"class":62},[44,73470,67],{"class":66},[44,73472,2948],{"class":62},[44,73474,3286],{"class":58},[30,73476,11124],{"id":11123},[20,73478,73479],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[35,73481,73483],{"className":37,"code":73482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73484,73485,73509,73519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73486,73487,73489,73491,73493,73495,73497,73499,73501,73503,73505,73507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73488,199],{"class":50},[44,73490,55],{"class":54},[44,73492,3273],{"class":58},[44,73494,207],{"class":206},[44,73496,72],{"class":58},[44,73498,212],{"class":206},[44,73500,72],{"class":58},[44,73502,217],{"class":206},[44,73504,72],{"class":58},[44,73506,50482],{"class":206},[44,73508,3286],{"class":58},[44,73510,73511,73513,73515,73517],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73512,232],{"class":50},[44,73514,114],{"class":58},[44,73516,73194],{"class":117},[44,73518,8292],{"class":58},[44,73520,73521,73523,73525,73527],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73522,136],{"class":135},[44,73524,121],{"class":58},[44,73526,232],{"class":117},[44,73528,100],{"class":58},[20,73530,247],{},[35,73532,73534],{"className":37,"code":73533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73535,73536],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73537,73538,73540,73542,73544,73546,73548,73550,73552,73554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73539,1271],{"class":58},[44,73541,56329],{"class":206},[44,73543,72],{"class":58},[44,73545,217],{"class":206},[44,73547,72],{"class":58},[44,73549,212],{"class":206},[44,73551,72],{"class":58},[44,73553,934],{"class":206},[44,73555,3286],{"class":58},[20,73557,11333],{},[169,73559,73560,73566,73571],{},[172,73561,73562,73563],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73564,73565],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[172,73567,73568,73570],{},[15,73569,73138],{}," flips the order",[172,73572,73573],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[30,73575,73577,73579],{"id":73576},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73578,73138],{}," changes the original list",[20,73581,73582,73583,73586],{},"This method is ",[367,73584,73585],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[35,73588,73590],{"className":37,"code":73589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73591,73592,73624,73634,73638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73593,73594,73596,73598,73600,73602,73604,73606,73608,73610,73612,73614,73616,73618,73620,73622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73595,1200],{"class":50},[44,73597,55],{"class":54},[44,73599,3273],{"class":58},[44,73601,63],{"class":62},[44,73603,1209],{"class":66},[44,73605,63],{"class":62},[44,73607,72],{"class":58},[44,73609,75],{"class":62},[44,73611,1218],{"class":66},[44,73613,63],{"class":62},[44,73615,72],{"class":58},[44,73617,75],{"class":62},[44,73619,3745],{"class":66},[44,73621,63],{"class":62},[44,73623,3286],{"class":58},[44,73625,73626,73628,73630,73632],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73627,1244],{"class":50},[44,73629,114],{"class":58},[44,73631,73194],{"class":117},[44,73633,8292],{"class":58},[44,73635,73636],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73637,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,73639,73640,73642,73644,73646],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,73641,136],{"class":135},[44,73643,121],{"class":58},[44,73645,1244],{"class":117},[44,73647,100],{"class":58},[20,73649,247],{},[35,73651,73653],{"className":37,"code":73652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73654,73655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73656,73657,73659,73661,73663,73665,73667,73669,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73658,1271],{"class":58},[44,73660,2948],{"class":62},[44,73662,3745],{"class":66},[44,73664,2948],{"class":62},[44,73666,72],{"class":58},[44,73668,2943],{"class":62},[44,73670,1218],{"class":66},[44,73672,2948],{"class":62},[44,73674,72],{"class":58},[44,73676,2943],{"class":62},[44,73678,1209],{"class":66},[44,73680,2948],{"class":62},[44,73682,3286],{"class":58},[20,73684,651,73685,73687],{},[15,73686,73138],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73689,73690],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[35,73692,73694],{"className":37,"code":73693,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73695,73696,73728,73746,73750,73760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73697,73698,73700,73702,73704,73706,73708,73710,73712,73714,73716,73718,73720,73722,73724,73726],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73699,1200],{"class":50},[44,73701,55],{"class":54},[44,73703,3273],{"class":58},[44,73705,63],{"class":62},[44,73707,1209],{"class":66},[44,73709,63],{"class":62},[44,73711,72],{"class":58},[44,73713,75],{"class":62},[44,73715,1218],{"class":66},[44,73717,63],{"class":62},[44,73719,72],{"class":58},[44,73721,75],{"class":62},[44,73723,3745],{"class":66},[44,73725,63],{"class":62},[44,73727,3286],{"class":58},[44,73729,73730,73733,73735,73737,73740,73742,73744],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73731,73732],{"class":50},"reversed_fruits ",[44,73734,55],{"class":54},[44,73736,52487],{"class":50},[44,73738,73739],{"class":58},"[::",[44,73741,1674],{"class":54},[44,73743,1133],{"class":206},[44,73745,3286],{"class":58},[44,73747,73748],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73749,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,73751,73752,73754,73756,73758],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,73753,136],{"class":135},[44,73755,121],{"class":58},[44,73757,1244],{"class":117},[44,73759,100],{"class":58},[44,73761,73762,73764,73766,73769],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,73763,136],{"class":135},[44,73765,121],{"class":58},[44,73767,73768],{"class":117},"reversed_fruits",[44,73770,100],{"class":58},[20,73772,247],{},[35,73774,73776],{"className":37,"code":73775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73777,73778,73806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73779,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73781,1271],{"class":58},[44,73783,2948],{"class":62},[44,73785,1209],{"class":66},[44,73787,2948],{"class":62},[44,73789,72],{"class":58},[44,73791,2943],{"class":62},[44,73793,1218],{"class":66},[44,73795,2948],{"class":62},[44,73797,72],{"class":58},[44,73799,2943],{"class":62},[44,73801,3745],{"class":66},[44,73803,2948],{"class":62},[44,73805,3286],{"class":58},[44,73807,73808,73810,73812,73814,73816,73818,73820,73822,73824,73826,73828,73830,73832],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73809,1271],{"class":58},[44,73811,2948],{"class":62},[44,73813,3745],{"class":66},[44,73815,2948],{"class":62},[44,73817,72],{"class":58},[44,73819,2943],{"class":62},[44,73821,1218],{"class":66},[44,73823,2948],{"class":62},[44,73825,72],{"class":58},[44,73827,2943],{"class":62},[44,73829,1209],{"class":66},[44,73831,2948],{"class":62},[44,73833,3286],{"class":58},[20,73835,73836,73837,114],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[270,73838,73839],{"href":73156},"Python list slicing explained",[30,73841,73843],{"id":73842},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73845,73846],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[35,73848,73850],{"className":37,"code":73849,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73851,73852,73872,73886,73890,73901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73853,73854,73856,73858,73860,73862,73864,73866,73868,73870],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73855,199],{"class":50},[44,73857,55],{"class":54},[44,73859,3273],{"class":58},[44,73861,1133],{"class":206},[44,73863,72],{"class":58},[44,73865,488],{"class":206},[44,73867,72],{"class":58},[44,73869,524],{"class":206},[44,73871,3286],{"class":58},[44,73873,73874,73876,73878,73880,73882,73884],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73875,55526],{"class":50},[44,73877,55],{"class":54},[44,73879,3912],{"class":50},[44,73881,114],{"class":58},[44,73883,73194],{"class":117},[44,73885,8292],{"class":58},[44,73887,73888],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,73889,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,73891,73892,73894,73896,73899],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,73893,136],{"class":135},[44,73895,121],{"class":58},[44,73897,73898],{"class":117},"new_list",[44,73900,100],{"class":58},[44,73902,73903,73905,73907,73909],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,73904,136],{"class":135},[44,73906,121],{"class":58},[44,73908,232],{"class":117},[44,73910,100],{"class":58},[20,73912,247],{},[35,73914,73916],{"className":37,"code":73915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73917,73918,73922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73919,73920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73921,11458],{"class":3502},[44,73923,73924,73926,73928,73930,73932,73934,73936],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73925,1271],{"class":58},[44,73927,1141],{"class":206},[44,73929,72],{"class":58},[44,73931,488],{"class":206},[44,73933,72],{"class":58},[44,73935,519],{"class":206},[44,73937,3286],{"class":58},[20,73939,11550],{},[169,73941,73942,73950,73954],{},[172,73943,73944,73946,73947,73949],{},[15,73945,73138],{}," changes ",[15,73948,232],{}," directly",[172,73951,40542,73952,71456],{},[367,73953,881],{},[172,73955,53289,73956,41791,73958],{},[15,73957,73898],{},[15,73959,3428],{},[20,73961,61529],{},[35,73963,73965],{"className":37,"code":73964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73966,73967,73987,73997,74001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,73968,73969,73971,73973,73975,73977,73979,73981,73983,73985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,73970,199],{"class":50},[44,73972,55],{"class":54},[44,73974,3273],{"class":58},[44,73976,1133],{"class":206},[44,73978,72],{"class":58},[44,73980,488],{"class":206},[44,73982,72],{"class":58},[44,73984,524],{"class":206},[44,73986,3286],{"class":58},[44,73988,73989,73991,73993,73995],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,73990,232],{"class":50},[44,73992,114],{"class":58},[44,73994,73194],{"class":117},[44,73996,8292],{"class":58},[44,73998,73999],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74000,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74002,74003,74005,74007,74009],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,74004,136],{"class":135},[44,74006,121],{"class":58},[44,74008,232],{"class":117},[44,74010,100],{"class":58},[20,74012,247],{},[35,74014,74016],{"className":37,"code":74015,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74017,74018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74019,74020,74022,74024,74026,74028,74030,74032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74021,1271],{"class":58},[44,74023,1141],{"class":206},[44,74025,72],{"class":58},[44,74027,488],{"class":206},[44,74029,72],{"class":58},[44,74031,519],{"class":206},[44,74033,3286],{"class":58},[30,74035,74037,10236,74039,74042],{"id":74036},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74038,73138],{},[15,74040,74041],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74044,74045],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[338,74047,74048],{"id":73194},[15,74049,73138],{},[20,74051,74052,74054],{},[15,74053,73138],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[35,74056,74058],{"className":37,"code":74057,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74059,74060,74080,74090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74061,74062,74064,74066,74068,74070,74072,74074,74076,74078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74063,199],{"class":50},[44,74065,55],{"class":54},[44,74067,3273],{"class":58},[44,74069,1141],{"class":206},[44,74071,72],{"class":58},[44,74073,519],{"class":206},[44,74075,72],{"class":58},[44,74077,488],{"class":206},[44,74079,3286],{"class":58},[44,74081,74082,74084,74086,74088],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74083,232],{"class":50},[44,74085,114],{"class":58},[44,74087,73194],{"class":117},[44,74089,8292],{"class":58},[44,74091,74092,74094,74096,74098],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74093,136],{"class":135},[44,74095,121],{"class":58},[44,74097,232],{"class":117},[44,74099,100],{"class":58},[20,74101,247],{},[35,74103,74105],{"className":37,"code":74104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74106,74107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74108,74109,74111,74113,74115,74117,74119,74121],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74110,1271],{"class":58},[44,74112,1137],{"class":206},[44,74114,72],{"class":58},[44,74116,519],{"class":206},[44,74118,72],{"class":58},[44,74120,524],{"class":206},[44,74122,3286],{"class":58},[20,74124,74125,74126,74128],{},"Notice that this is ",[367,74127,881],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[338,74130,74132],{"id":74131},"sorted",[15,74133,74041],{},[20,74135,74136,74141],{},[270,74137,74139],{"href":74138},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74140,74041],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[35,74143,74145],{"className":37,"code":74144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74146,74147,74167,74182,74186,74196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74148,74149,74151,74153,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163,74165],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74150,199],{"class":50},[44,74152,55],{"class":54},[44,74154,3273],{"class":58},[44,74156,1141],{"class":206},[44,74158,72],{"class":58},[44,74160,519],{"class":206},[44,74162,72],{"class":58},[44,74164,488],{"class":206},[44,74166,3286],{"class":58},[44,74168,74169,74171,74173,74176,74178,74180],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74170,604],{"class":50},[44,74172,55],{"class":54},[44,74174,74175],{"class":135}," sorted",[44,74177,121],{"class":58},[44,74179,232],{"class":117},[44,74181,100],{"class":58},[44,74183,74184],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74185,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74187,74188,74190,74192,74194],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,74189,136],{"class":135},[44,74191,121],{"class":58},[44,74193,232],{"class":117},[44,74195,100],{"class":58},[44,74197,74198,74200,74202,74204],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,74199,136],{"class":135},[44,74201,121],{"class":58},[44,74203,632],{"class":117},[44,74205,100],{"class":58},[20,74207,247],{},[35,74209,74211],{"className":37,"code":74210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74212,74213,74229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74214,74215,74217,74219,74221,74223,74225,74227],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74216,1271],{"class":58},[44,74218,1141],{"class":206},[44,74220,72],{"class":58},[44,74222,519],{"class":206},[44,74224,72],{"class":58},[44,74226,488],{"class":206},[44,74228,3286],{"class":58},[44,74230,74231,74233,74235,74237,74239,74241,74243],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74232,1271],{"class":58},[44,74234,1133],{"class":206},[44,74236,72],{"class":58},[44,74238,488],{"class":206},[44,74240,72],{"class":58},[44,74242,524],{"class":206},[44,74244,3286],{"class":58},[20,74246,74247,74248,114],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74249,74250],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[338,74252,74254],{"id":74253},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74256,74257,74258,74261],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74259,74260],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[35,74263,74265],{"className":37,"code":74264,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74266,74267,74287,74303,74307,74317],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74268,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74270,199],{"class":50},[44,74272,55],{"class":54},[44,74274,3273],{"class":58},[44,74276,1141],{"class":206},[44,74278,72],{"class":58},[44,74280,519],{"class":206},[44,74282,72],{"class":58},[44,74284,488],{"class":206},[44,74286,3286],{"class":58},[44,74288,74289,74291,74293,74295,74297,74299,74301],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74290,604],{"class":50},[44,74292,55],{"class":54},[44,74294,3912],{"class":50},[44,74296,73739],{"class":58},[44,74298,1674],{"class":54},[44,74300,1133],{"class":206},[44,74302,3286],{"class":58},[44,74304,74305],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74306,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74308,74309,74311,74313,74315],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,74310,136],{"class":135},[44,74312,121],{"class":58},[44,74314,232],{"class":117},[44,74316,100],{"class":58},[44,74318,74319,74321,74323,74325],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,74320,136],{"class":135},[44,74322,121],{"class":58},[44,74324,632],{"class":117},[44,74326,100],{"class":58},[20,74328,247],{},[35,74330,74332],{"className":37,"code":74331,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74333,74334,74350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74335,74336,74338,74340,74342,74344,74346,74348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74337,1271],{"class":58},[44,74339,1141],{"class":206},[44,74341,72],{"class":58},[44,74343,519],{"class":206},[44,74345,72],{"class":58},[44,74347,488],{"class":206},[44,74349,3286],{"class":58},[44,74351,74352,74354,74356,74358,74360,74362,74364],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74353,1271],{"class":58},[44,74355,1137],{"class":206},[44,74357,72],{"class":58},[44,74359,519],{"class":206},[44,74361,72],{"class":58},[44,74363,524],{"class":206},[44,74365,3286],{"class":58},[338,74367,74369],{"id":74368},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[169,74371,74372,74377,74382],{},[172,74373,651,74374,74376],{},[15,74375,73138],{}," when you want to change the original list",[172,74378,651,74379,74381],{},[15,74380,74260],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[172,74383,651,74384,74386],{},[15,74385,74041],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74388,74389,74390,74396],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[270,74391,74393,74394,1180],{"href":74392},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74395,63943],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[30,74398,4609,74400],{"id":74399},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74401,73138],{},[20,74403,74404,74406],{},[15,74405,73138],{}," is a good choice:",[169,74408,74409,74412,74415],{},[172,74410,74411],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[172,74413,74414],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[172,74416,74417],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74419,74420,74421,114],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[270,74422,74424],{"href":74423},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[30,74426,1299],{"id":1298},[20,74428,74429,74430,74432],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74431,73138],{}," for these reasons:",[169,74434,74435,74439,74444,74449],{},[172,74436,12245,74437,12248],{},[15,74438,73138],{},[172,74440,1312,74441,74443],{},[15,74442,73138],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[172,74445,895,74446,74448],{},[15,74447,73138],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[172,74450,1330,74451,8354,74453],{},[15,74452,73138],{},[15,74454,74455],{},"reversed()",[20,74457,74458],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[35,74460,74462],{"className":37,"code":74461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74463,74464,74476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74465,74466,74468,74470,74472,74474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74467,34329],{"class":50},[44,74469,55],{"class":54},[44,74471,75],{"class":62},[44,74473,3495],{"class":66},[44,74475,3007],{"class":62},[44,74477,74478,74480,74482,74484],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74479,34350],{"class":50},[44,74481,114],{"class":58},[44,74483,73194],{"class":117},[44,74485,8292],{"class":58},[20,74487,74488,74489,33241],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74490,73138],{},[20,74492,74493],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[35,74495,74497],{"className":37,"code":74496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74498,74499,74519,74523,74533,74547,74551,74565,74575,74579],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74500,74501,74503,74505,74507,74509,74511,74513,74515,74517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74502,7957],{"class":50},[44,74504,55],{"class":54},[44,74506,3273],{"class":58},[44,74508,1133],{"class":206},[44,74510,72],{"class":58},[44,74512,488],{"class":206},[44,74514,72],{"class":58},[44,74516,524],{"class":206},[44,74518,3286],{"class":58},[44,74520,74521],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74522,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74524,74525,74527,74529,74531],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74526,136],{"class":135},[44,74528,121],{"class":58},[44,74530,7988],{"class":117},[44,74532,100],{"class":58},[44,74534,74535,74537,74539,74541,74543,74545],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,74536,136],{"class":135},[44,74538,121],{"class":58},[44,74540,2868],{"class":2546},[44,74542,121],{"class":58},[44,74544,7988],{"class":117},[44,74546,244],{"class":58},[44,74548,74549],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,74550,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74552,74553,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,74554,604],{"class":50},[44,74556,55],{"class":54},[44,74558,8045],{"class":50},[44,74560,114],{"class":58},[44,74562,73194],{"class":117},[44,74564,8292],{"class":58},[44,74566,74567,74569,74571,74573],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,74568,136],{"class":135},[44,74570,121],{"class":58},[44,74572,632],{"class":117},[44,74574,100],{"class":58},[44,74576,74577],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,74578,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74580,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589,74591,74593],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,74582,136],{"class":135},[44,74584,121],{"class":58},[44,74586,7988],{"class":117},[44,74588,73739],{"class":58},[44,74590,1674],{"class":54},[44,74592,1133],{"class":206},[44,74594,3538],{"class":58},[20,74596,247],{},[35,74598,74600],{"className":37,"code":74599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74601,74602,74618,74632,74636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74603,74604,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74605,1271],{"class":58},[44,74607,1133],{"class":206},[44,74609,72],{"class":58},[44,74611,488],{"class":206},[44,74613,72],{"class":58},[44,74615,524],{"class":206},[44,74617,3286],{"class":58},[44,74619,74620,74622,74624,74626,74628,74630],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74621,2937],{"class":54},[44,74623,2940],{"class":1716},[44,74625,2943],{"class":62},[44,74627,7742],{"class":66},[44,74629,2948],{"class":62},[44,74631,2951],{"class":54},[44,74633,74634],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74635,11458],{"class":3502},[44,74637,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648,74650],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,74639,1271],{"class":58},[44,74641,1133],{"class":206},[44,74643,72],{"class":58},[44,74645,488],{"class":206},[44,74647,72],{"class":58},[44,74649,519],{"class":206},[44,74651,3286],{"class":58},[20,74653,74654],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[35,74656,74658],{"className":37,"code":74657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74659,74660,74680,74684,74694,74708,74712,74726,74736,74746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74661,74662,74664,74666,74668,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74663,7957],{"class":50},[44,74665,55],{"class":54},[44,74667,3273],{"class":58},[44,74669,1133],{"class":206},[44,74671,72],{"class":58},[44,74673,488],{"class":206},[44,74675,72],{"class":58},[44,74677,524],{"class":206},[44,74679,3286],{"class":58},[44,74681,74682],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74683,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74685,74686,74688,74690,74692],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74687,136],{"class":135},[44,74689,121],{"class":58},[44,74691,7988],{"class":117},[44,74693,100],{"class":58},[44,74695,74696,74698,74700,74702,74704,74706],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,74697,136],{"class":135},[44,74699,121],{"class":58},[44,74701,2868],{"class":2546},[44,74703,121],{"class":58},[44,74705,7988],{"class":117},[44,74707,244],{"class":58},[44,74709,74710],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,74711,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,74713,74714,74716,74718,74720,74722,74724],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,74715,604],{"class":50},[44,74717,55],{"class":54},[44,74719,8045],{"class":50},[44,74721,114],{"class":58},[44,74723,73194],{"class":117},[44,74725,8292],{"class":58},[44,74727,74728,74730,74732,74734],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,74729,136],{"class":135},[44,74731,121],{"class":58},[44,74733,632],{"class":117},[44,74735,100],{"class":58},[44,74737,74738,74740,74742,74744],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,74739,136],{"class":135},[44,74741,121],{"class":58},[44,74743,7988],{"class":117},[44,74745,100],{"class":58},[44,74747,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756,74758,74760],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,74749,136],{"class":135},[44,74751,121],{"class":58},[44,74753,7988],{"class":117},[44,74755,73739],{"class":58},[44,74757,1674],{"class":54},[44,74759,1133],{"class":206},[44,74761,3538],{"class":58},[20,74763,247],{},[35,74765,74767],{"className":37,"code":74766,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74768,74769,74785,74799,74803,74819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74770,74771,74773,74775,74777,74779,74781,74783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74772,1271],{"class":58},[44,74774,1133],{"class":206},[44,74776,72],{"class":58},[44,74778,488],{"class":206},[44,74780,72],{"class":58},[44,74782,524],{"class":206},[44,74784,3286],{"class":58},[44,74786,74787,74789,74791,74793,74795,74797],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,74788,2937],{"class":54},[44,74790,2940],{"class":1716},[44,74792,2943],{"class":62},[44,74794,7742],{"class":66},[44,74796,2948],{"class":62},[44,74798,2951],{"class":54},[44,74800,74801],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,74802,11458],{"class":3502},[44,74804,74805,74807,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,74806,1271],{"class":58},[44,74808,1141],{"class":206},[44,74810,72],{"class":58},[44,74812,488],{"class":206},[44,74814,72],{"class":58},[44,74816,519],{"class":206},[44,74818,3286],{"class":58},[44,74820,74821,74823,74825,74827,74829,74831,74833],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,74822,1271],{"class":58},[44,74824,1133],{"class":206},[44,74826,72],{"class":58},[44,74828,488],{"class":206},[44,74830,72],{"class":58},[44,74832,524],{"class":206},[44,74834,3286],{"class":58},[20,74836,74837],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[169,74839,74840,74849,74858],{},[172,74841,27434,74842,74845,74846],{},[15,74843,74844],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74847,74848],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[172,74850,11566,74851,74854,74855,22199],{},[15,74852,74853],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[367,74856,74857],{},"current",[172,74859,74860,74861],{},"So it prints ",[15,74862,74863],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[30,74865,1497],{"id":1496},[338,74867,12355,74869,55105],{"id":74868},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74870,73143],{},[20,74872,62234,74873,114],{},[15,74874,3428],{},[338,74876,33846,74878,33849,74880,1547],{"id":74877},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74879,73138],{},[15,74881,74882],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74884,74885,74887],{},[15,74886,73138],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74889,74890,74892],{},[15,74891,74882],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[338,74894,27967,74896,74898],{"id":74895},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74897,73138],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74900,46003,74901,74903],{},[15,74902,73138],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[338,74905,74907],{"id":74906},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74909,74910],{},"Use slicing:",[35,74912,74914],{"className":37,"code":74913,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74915,74916],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74917,74918,74920,74922,74924,74926],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74919,7988],{"class":50},[44,74921,73739],{"class":58},[44,74923,1674],{"class":54},[44,74925,1133],{"class":206},[44,74927,3286],{"class":58},[20,74929,74930],{},"Or use:",[35,74932,74934],{"className":37,"code":74933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74935,74936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,74937,74938,74940,74942,74945,74947,74949],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,74939,7742],{"class":2546},[44,74941,121],{"class":58},[44,74943,74944],{"class":135},"reversed",[44,74946,121],{"class":58},[44,74948,7988],{"class":117},[44,74950,244],{"class":58},[20,74952,74953,74954,74958],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[270,74955,55156,74956],{"href":54596},[15,74957,12427],{}," can also help.",[30,74960,1554],{"id":1553},[169,74962,74963,74969,74975,74979,74983],{},[172,74964,74965],{},[270,74966,55156,74967,1180],{"href":74392},[15,74968,63943],{},[172,74970,74971],{},[270,74972,3225,74973,3158],{"href":74138},[15,74974,74041],{},[172,74976,74977],{},[270,74978,74424],{"href":74423},[172,74980,74981],{},[270,74982,73839],{"href":73156},[172,74984,74985],{},[270,74986,55156,74987,1180],{"href":54596},[15,74988,12427],{},[1583,74990,74991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":74993},[74994,74995,74997,74998,74999,75001,75002,75009,75011,75012,75021],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":73217,"depth":103,"text":74996},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":73576,"depth":103,"text":75000},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73842,"depth":103,"text":73843},{"id":74036,"depth":103,"text":75003,"children":75004},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75005,75006,75007,75008],{"id":73194,"depth":132,"text":73138},{"id":74131,"depth":132,"text":74041},{"id":74253,"depth":132,"text":74254},{"id":74368,"depth":132,"text":74369},{"id":74399,"depth":103,"text":75010},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":75013},[75014,75016,75018,75020],{"id":74868,"depth":132,"text":75015},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74877,"depth":132,"text":75017},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74895,"depth":132,"text":75019},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74906,"depth":132,"text":74907},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73130,"description":75022},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75029,"title":75030,"body":75031,"description":77463,"extension":1616,"meta":77464,"navigation":434,"path":77465,"seo":77466,"stem":77467,"__hash__":77468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75032,"toc":77431},[75033,75036,75048,75051,75074,75082,75084,75196,75205,75209,75212,75215,75302,75304,75337,75339,75362,75368,75372,75375,75397,75399,75416,75419,75439,75441,75551,75553,75630,75634,75637,75680,75682,75815,75817,75919,75924,75928,75931,75933,75947,75950,76064,76066,76140,76142,76170,76174,76179,76209,76212,76338,76340,76422,76428,76432,76434,76473,76481,76485,76488,76492,76539,76541,76549,76553,76604,76606,76619,76621,76635,76638,76646,76648,76695,76697,76705,76708,76751,76756,76759,76762,76785,76789,76840,76843,76864,76874,76878,76880,76910,76913,76936,76940,76943,77010,77012,77049,77052,77060,77127,77129,77166,77172,77179,77183,77186,77216,77221,77225,77228,77252,77255,77349,77359,77361,77365,77368,77372,77375,77380,77383,77389,77392,77394,77422,77428],[10,75034,75030],{"id":75035},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75037,75038,75039,1134,75041,1138,75044,75047],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75040,353],{},[15,75042,75043],{},"stop",[15,75045,75046],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75049,75050],{},"The basic slice form is:",[35,75052,75054],{"className":37,"code":75053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75055,75056],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75057,75058,75060,75062,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75059,7988],{"class":50},[44,75061,1271],{"class":58},[44,75063,353],{"class":50},[44,75065,1155],{"class":58},[44,75067,75043],{"class":50},[44,75069,1155],{"class":58},[44,75071,75046],{"class":50},[44,75073,3286],{"class":58},[20,75075,75076,75077,75079,75080,114],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75078,75043],{}," position is ",[367,75081,369],{},[30,75083,33],{"id":32},[35,75085,75087],{"className":37,"code":75086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75088,75089,75117,75121,75142,75160,75177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75090,75091,75093,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113,75115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75092,199],{"class":50},[44,75094,55],{"class":54},[44,75096,3273],{"class":58},[44,75098,207],{"class":206},[44,75100,72],{"class":58},[44,75102,212],{"class":206},[44,75104,72],{"class":58},[44,75106,217],{"class":206},[44,75108,72],{"class":58},[44,75110,50482],{"class":206},[44,75112,72],{"class":58},[44,75114,4729],{"class":206},[44,75116,3286],{"class":58},[44,75118,75119],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,75120,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,75122,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135,75137,75139],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75124,136],{"class":135},[44,75126,121],{"class":58},[44,75128,232],{"class":117},[44,75130,1271],{"class":58},[44,75132,1133],{"class":206},[44,75134,1155],{"class":58},[44,75136,1145],{"class":206},[44,75138,1276],{"class":58},[44,75140,75141],{"class":147},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[44,75143,75144,75146,75148,75150,75153,75155,75157],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,75145,136],{"class":135},[44,75147,121],{"class":58},[44,75149,232],{"class":117},[44,75151,75152],{"class":58},"[:",[44,75154,1141],{"class":206},[44,75156,1276],{"class":58},[44,75158,75159],{"class":147},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[44,75161,75162,75164,75166,75168,75170,75172,75174],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,75163,136],{"class":135},[44,75165,121],{"class":58},[44,75167,232],{"class":117},[44,75169,73739],{"class":58},[44,75171,1137],{"class":206},[44,75173,1276],{"class":58},[44,75175,75176],{"class":147},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[44,75178,75179,75181,75183,75185,75187,75189,75191,75193],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,75180,136],{"class":135},[44,75182,121],{"class":58},[44,75184,232],{"class":117},[44,75186,73739],{"class":58},[44,75188,1674],{"class":54},[44,75190,1133],{"class":206},[44,75192,1276],{"class":58},[44,75194,75195],{"class":147},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75197,651,75198,75201,75202,75204],{},[15,75199,75200],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75203,75043],{}," value is not included.",[30,75206,75208],{"id":75207},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75210,75211],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75213,75214],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[35,75216,75218],{"className":37,"code":75217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75219,75220,75268,75272,75291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75221,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240,75242,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262,75264,75266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75223,382],{"class":50},[44,75225,55],{"class":54},[44,75227,3273],{"class":58},[44,75229,63],{"class":62},[44,75231,270],{"class":66},[44,75233,63],{"class":62},[44,75235,72],{"class":58},[44,75237,75],{"class":62},[44,75239,399],{"class":66},[44,75241,63],{"class":62},[44,75243,72],{"class":58},[44,75245,75],{"class":62},[44,75247,408],{"class":66},[44,75249,63],{"class":62},[44,75251,72],{"class":58},[44,75253,75],{"class":62},[44,75255,425],{"class":66},[44,75257,63],{"class":62},[44,75259,72],{"class":58},[44,75261,75],{"class":62},[44,75263,60080],{"class":66},[44,75265,63],{"class":62},[44,75267,3286],{"class":58},[44,75269,75270],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,75271,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,75273,75274,75277,75279,75281,75283,75285,75287,75289],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75275,75276],{"class":50},"part ",[44,75278,55],{"class":54},[44,75280,69713],{"class":50},[44,75282,1271],{"class":58},[44,75284,1133],{"class":206},[44,75286,1155],{"class":58},[44,75288,1145],{"class":206},[44,75290,3286],{"class":58},[44,75292,75293,75295,75297,75300],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,75294,136],{"class":135},[44,75296,121],{"class":58},[44,75298,75299],{"class":117},"part",[44,75301,100],{"class":58},[20,75303,247],{},[35,75305,75307],{"className":37,"code":75306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75308,75309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75310,75311,75313,75315,75317,75319,75321,75323,75325,75327,75329,75331,75333,75335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75312,1271],{"class":58},[44,75314,2948],{"class":62},[44,75316,399],{"class":66},[44,75318,2948],{"class":62},[44,75320,72],{"class":58},[44,75322,2943],{"class":62},[44,75324,408],{"class":66},[44,75326,2948],{"class":62},[44,75328,72],{"class":58},[44,75330,2943],{"class":62},[44,75332,425],{"class":66},[44,75334,2948],{"class":62},[44,75336,3286],{"class":58},[20,75338,12703],{},[169,75340,75341,75344,75347,75353,75359],{},[172,75342,75343],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[172,75345,75346],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[172,75348,75349,75350],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75351,75352],{},"list[start:stop]",[172,75354,75355,75356,75358],{},"The item at ",[15,75357,75043],{}," is not included",[172,75360,75361],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75363,75364,75365,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[270,75366,75367],{"href":50615},"beginner guide to Python lists",[30,75369,75371],{"id":75370},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75373,75374],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[35,75376,75377],{"className":37,"code":75053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,75378,75379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75380,75381,75383,75385,75387,75389,75391,75393,75395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75382,7988],{"class":50},[44,75384,1271],{"class":58},[44,75386,353],{"class":50},[44,75388,1155],{"class":58},[44,75390,75043],{"class":50},[44,75392,1155],{"class":58},[44,75394,75046],{"class":50},[44,75396,3286],{"class":58},[20,75398,64673],{},[169,75400,75401,75406,75411],{},[172,75402,75403,75405],{},[15,75404,353],{}," is where slicing begins",[172,75407,75408,75410],{},[15,75409,75043],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[172,75412,75413,75415],{},[15,75414,75046],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75417,75418],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[169,75420,75421,75427,75432],{},[172,75422,75423,75424,75426],{},"Missing ",[15,75425,353],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[172,75428,75423,75429,75431],{},[15,75430,75043],{}," means go to the end of the list",[172,75433,75423,75434,75436,75437],{},[15,75435,75046],{}," means use ",[15,75438,1133],{},[20,75440,189],{},[35,75442,75444],{"className":37,"code":75443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75445,75446,75474,75478,75499,75516,75534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75447,75448,75450,75452,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470,75472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75449,199],{"class":50},[44,75451,55],{"class":54},[44,75453,3273],{"class":58},[44,75455,207],{"class":206},[44,75457,72],{"class":58},[44,75459,212],{"class":206},[44,75461,72],{"class":58},[44,75463,217],{"class":206},[44,75465,72],{"class":58},[44,75467,50482],{"class":206},[44,75469,72],{"class":58},[44,75471,4729],{"class":206},[44,75473,3286],{"class":58},[44,75475,75476],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,75477,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,75479,75480,75482,75484,75486,75488,75490,75492,75494,75496],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75481,136],{"class":135},[44,75483,121],{"class":58},[44,75485,232],{"class":117},[44,75487,1271],{"class":58},[44,75489,1133],{"class":206},[44,75491,1155],{"class":58},[44,75493,1145],{"class":206},[44,75495,1276],{"class":58},[44,75497,75498],{"class":147},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[44,75500,75501,75503,75505,75507,75509,75511,75513],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,75502,136],{"class":135},[44,75504,121],{"class":58},[44,75506,232],{"class":117},[44,75508,75152],{"class":58},[44,75510,1141],{"class":206},[44,75512,1276],{"class":58},[44,75514,75515],{"class":147},"    # start from the beginning\n",[44,75517,75518,75520,75522,75524,75526,75528,75531],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,75519,136],{"class":135},[44,75521,121],{"class":58},[44,75523,232],{"class":117},[44,75525,1271],{"class":58},[44,75527,1137],{"class":206},[44,75529,75530],{"class":58},":])",[44,75532,75533],{"class":147},"    # go to the end\n",[44,75535,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546,75548],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,75537,136],{"class":135},[44,75539,121],{"class":58},[44,75541,232],{"class":117},[44,75543,73739],{"class":58},[44,75545,1133],{"class":206},[44,75547,1276],{"class":58},[44,75549,75550],{"class":147},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75552,247],{},[35,75554,75556],{"className":37,"code":75555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75557,75558,75574,75590,75606],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75559,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75561,1271],{"class":58},[44,75563,241],{"class":206},[44,75565,72],{"class":58},[44,75567,217],{"class":206},[44,75569,72],{"class":58},[44,75571,50482],{"class":206},[44,75573,3286],{"class":58},[44,75575,75576,75578,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,75577,1271],{"class":58},[44,75579,207],{"class":206},[44,75581,72],{"class":58},[44,75583,212],{"class":206},[44,75585,72],{"class":58},[44,75587,217],{"class":206},[44,75589,3286],{"class":58},[44,75591,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602,75604],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75593,1271],{"class":58},[44,75595,36479],{"class":206},[44,75597,72],{"class":58},[44,75599,50482],{"class":206},[44,75601,72],{"class":58},[44,75603,4729],{"class":206},[44,75605,3286],{"class":58},[44,75607,75608,75610,75612,75614,75616,75618,75620,75622,75624,75626,75628],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,75609,1271],{"class":58},[44,75611,207],{"class":206},[44,75613,72],{"class":58},[44,75615,212],{"class":206},[44,75617,72],{"class":58},[44,75619,217],{"class":206},[44,75621,72],{"class":58},[44,75623,50482],{"class":206},[44,75625,72],{"class":58},[44,75627,4729],{"class":206},[44,75629,3286],{"class":58},[30,75631,75633],{"id":75632},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75635,75636],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[169,75638,75639,75648,75657,75668,75674],{},[172,75640,75641,75644,75645,5614],{},[15,75642,75643],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75646,75647],{},"n",[172,75649,75650,75653,75654,75656],{},[15,75651,75652],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75655,75647],{}," to the end",[172,75658,75659,75662,75663,75665,75666],{},[15,75660,75661],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75664,270],{}," up to ",[15,75667,399],{},[172,75669,75670,75673],{},[15,75671,75672],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[172,75675,75676,75679],{},[15,75677,75678],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75681,189],{},[35,75683,75685],{"className":37,"code":75684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75686,75687,75720,75724,75741,75758,75779,75796],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75688,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75718],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75690,199],{"class":50},[44,75692,55],{"class":54},[44,75694,3273],{"class":58},[44,75696,207],{"class":206},[44,75698,72],{"class":58},[44,75700,212],{"class":206},[44,75702,72],{"class":58},[44,75704,217],{"class":206},[44,75706,72],{"class":58},[44,75708,50482],{"class":206},[44,75710,72],{"class":58},[44,75712,4729],{"class":206},[44,75714,72],{"class":58},[44,75716,75717],{"class":206}," 60",[44,75719,3286],{"class":58},[44,75721,75722],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,75723,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,75725,75726,75728,75730,75732,75734,75736,75738],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75727,136],{"class":135},[44,75729,121],{"class":58},[44,75731,232],{"class":117},[44,75733,75152],{"class":58},[44,75735,1141],{"class":206},[44,75737,1276],{"class":58},[44,75739,75740],{"class":147},"    # first 3 items\n",[44,75742,75743,75745,75747,75749,75751,75753,75755],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,75744,136],{"class":135},[44,75746,121],{"class":58},[44,75748,232],{"class":117},[44,75750,1271],{"class":58},[44,75752,1141],{"class":206},[44,75754,75530],{"class":58},[44,75756,75757],{"class":147},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[44,75759,75760,75762,75764,75766,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,75761,136],{"class":135},[44,75763,121],{"class":58},[44,75765,232],{"class":117},[44,75767,1271],{"class":58},[44,75769,1133],{"class":206},[44,75771,1155],{"class":58},[44,75773,929],{"class":206},[44,75775,1276],{"class":58},[44,75777,75778],{"class":147},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[44,75780,75781,75783,75785,75787,75789,75791,75793],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,75782,136],{"class":135},[44,75784,121],{"class":58},[44,75786,232],{"class":117},[44,75788,73739],{"class":58},[44,75790,1137],{"class":206},[44,75792,1276],{"class":58},[44,75794,75795],{"class":147},"   # every second item\n",[44,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810,75812],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,75799,136],{"class":135},[44,75801,121],{"class":58},[44,75803,232],{"class":117},[44,75805,73739],{"class":58},[44,75807,1674],{"class":54},[44,75809,1133],{"class":206},[44,75811,1276],{"class":58},[44,75813,75814],{"class":147},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75816,247],{},[35,75818,75820],{"className":37,"code":75819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75821,75822,75838,75854,75874,75890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75823,75824,75826,75828,75830,75832,75834,75836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75825,1271],{"class":58},[44,75827,207],{"class":206},[44,75829,72],{"class":58},[44,75831,212],{"class":206},[44,75833,72],{"class":58},[44,75835,217],{"class":206},[44,75837,3286],{"class":58},[44,75839,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,75841,1271],{"class":58},[44,75843,56329],{"class":206},[44,75845,72],{"class":58},[44,75847,4729],{"class":206},[44,75849,72],{"class":58},[44,75851,75717],{"class":206},[44,75853,3286],{"class":58},[44,75855,75856,75858,75860,75862,75864,75866,75868,75870,75872],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,75857,1271],{"class":58},[44,75859,241],{"class":206},[44,75861,72],{"class":58},[44,75863,217],{"class":206},[44,75865,72],{"class":58},[44,75867,50482],{"class":206},[44,75869,72],{"class":58},[44,75871,4729],{"class":206},[44,75873,3286],{"class":58},[44,75875,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,75877,1271],{"class":58},[44,75879,207],{"class":206},[44,75881,72],{"class":58},[44,75883,217],{"class":206},[44,75885,72],{"class":58},[44,75887,4729],{"class":206},[44,75889,3286],{"class":58},[44,75891,75892,75894,75897,75899,75901,75903,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,75893,1271],{"class":58},[44,75895,75896],{"class":206},"60",[44,75898,72],{"class":58},[44,75900,4729],{"class":206},[44,75902,72],{"class":58},[44,75904,50482],{"class":206},[44,75906,72],{"class":58},[44,75908,217],{"class":206},[44,75910,72],{"class":58},[44,75912,212],{"class":206},[44,75914,72],{"class":58},[44,75916,934],{"class":206},[44,75918,3286],{"class":58},[20,75920,75921,75922,114],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[270,75923,14537],{"href":56855},[30,75925,75927],{"id":75926},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75929,75930],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75932,5120],{},[169,75934,75935,75941],{},[172,75936,75937,75940],{},[15,75938,75939],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[172,75942,75943,75946],{},[15,75944,75945],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75948,75949],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[35,75951,75953],{"className":37,"code":75952,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75954,75955,76003,76007,76026,76045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,75956,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,75958,382],{"class":50},[44,75960,55],{"class":54},[44,75962,3273],{"class":58},[44,75964,63],{"class":62},[44,75966,270],{"class":66},[44,75968,63],{"class":62},[44,75970,72],{"class":58},[44,75972,75],{"class":62},[44,75974,399],{"class":66},[44,75976,63],{"class":62},[44,75978,72],{"class":58},[44,75980,75],{"class":62},[44,75982,408],{"class":66},[44,75984,63],{"class":62},[44,75986,72],{"class":58},[44,75988,75],{"class":62},[44,75990,425],{"class":66},[44,75992,63],{"class":62},[44,75994,72],{"class":58},[44,75996,75],{"class":62},[44,75998,60080],{"class":66},[44,76000,63],{"class":62},[44,76002,3286],{"class":58},[44,76004,76005],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76006,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,76008,76009,76011,76013,76015,76017,76019,76021,76023],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76010,136],{"class":135},[44,76012,121],{"class":58},[44,76014,444],{"class":117},[44,76016,1271],{"class":58},[44,76018,1674],{"class":54},[44,76020,1133],{"class":206},[44,76022,1276],{"class":58},[44,76024,76025],{"class":147},"    # last item\n",[44,76027,76028,76030,76032,76034,76036,76038,76040,76042],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,76029,136],{"class":135},[44,76031,121],{"class":58},[44,76033,444],{"class":117},[44,76035,1271],{"class":58},[44,76037,1674],{"class":54},[44,76039,1141],{"class":206},[44,76041,75530],{"class":58},[44,76043,76044],{"class":147},"   # last 3 items\n",[44,76046,76047,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,76048,136],{"class":135},[44,76050,121],{"class":58},[44,76052,444],{"class":117},[44,76054,75152],{"class":58},[44,76056,1674],{"class":54},[44,76058,1133],{"class":206},[44,76060,1276],{"class":58},[44,76062,76063],{"class":147},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76065,247],{},[35,76067,76069],{"className":37,"code":76068,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76070,76071,76076,76104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76072,76073],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76074,76075],{"class":50},"e\n",[44,76077,76078,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76079,1271],{"class":58},[44,76081,2948],{"class":62},[44,76083,408],{"class":66},[44,76085,2948],{"class":62},[44,76087,72],{"class":58},[44,76089,2943],{"class":62},[44,76091,425],{"class":66},[44,76093,2948],{"class":62},[44,76095,72],{"class":58},[44,76097,2943],{"class":62},[44,76099,60080],{"class":66},[44,76101,2948],{"class":62},[44,76103,3286],{"class":58},[44,76105,76106,76108,76110,76112,76114,76116,76118,76120,76122,76124,76126,76128,76130,76132,76134,76136,76138],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76107,1271],{"class":58},[44,76109,2948],{"class":62},[44,76111,270],{"class":66},[44,76113,2948],{"class":62},[44,76115,72],{"class":58},[44,76117,2943],{"class":62},[44,76119,399],{"class":66},[44,76121,2948],{"class":62},[44,76123,72],{"class":58},[44,76125,2943],{"class":62},[44,76127,408],{"class":66},[44,76129,2948],{"class":62},[44,76131,72],{"class":58},[44,76133,2943],{"class":62},[44,76135,425],{"class":66},[44,76137,2948],{"class":62},[44,76139,3286],{"class":58},[20,76141,12703],{},[169,76143,76144,76147,76151,76157,76163],{},[172,76145,76146],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[172,76148,76149,75940],{},[15,76150,75939],{},[172,76152,76153,76156],{},[15,76154,76155],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[172,76158,76159,76162],{},[15,76160,76161],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[172,76164,76165,76166,898,76168],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76167,353],{},[15,76169,75043],{},[30,76171,76173],{"id":76172},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76175,164,76176,76178],{},[15,76177,75046],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[169,76180,76181,76184,76187,76192,76202],{},[172,76182,76183],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[172,76185,76186],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[172,76188,76189,76191],{},[15,76190,75678],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[172,76193,8525,76194,76196,76197,76199,76200],{},[15,76195,75046],{}," is negative, ",[15,76198,353],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76201,75043],{},[172,76203,76204,76206,76207],{},[15,76205,75046],{}," cannot be ",[15,76208,186],{},[20,76210,76211],{},"Example with different step values:",[35,76213,76215],{"className":37,"code":76214,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76216,76217,76249,76253,76270,76292,76311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76218,76219,76221,76223,76225,76227,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76220,199],{"class":50},[44,76222,55],{"class":54},[44,76224,3273],{"class":58},[44,76226,207],{"class":206},[44,76228,72],{"class":58},[44,76230,212],{"class":206},[44,76232,72],{"class":58},[44,76234,217],{"class":206},[44,76236,72],{"class":58},[44,76238,50482],{"class":206},[44,76240,72],{"class":58},[44,76242,4729],{"class":206},[44,76244,72],{"class":58},[44,76246,75717],{"class":206},[44,76248,3286],{"class":58},[44,76250,76251],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76252,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,76254,76255,76257,76259,76261,76263,76265,76267],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76256,136],{"class":135},[44,76258,121],{"class":58},[44,76260,232],{"class":117},[44,76262,73739],{"class":58},[44,76264,1137],{"class":206},[44,76266,1276],{"class":58},[44,76268,76269],{"class":147},"     # every second item\n",[44,76271,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282,76285,76287,76289],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,76273,136],{"class":135},[44,76275,121],{"class":58},[44,76277,232],{"class":117},[44,76279,1271],{"class":58},[44,76281,1133],{"class":206},[44,76283,76284],{"class":58},"::",[44,76286,1137],{"class":206},[44,76288,1276],{"class":58},[44,76290,76291],{"class":147},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[44,76293,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,76295,136],{"class":135},[44,76297,121],{"class":58},[44,76299,232],{"class":117},[44,76301,73739],{"class":58},[44,76303,1674],{"class":54},[44,76305,1133],{"class":206},[44,76307,1276],{"class":58},[44,76309,76310],{"class":147},"    # reverse the list\n",[44,76312,76313,76315,76317,76319,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333,76335],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,76314,136],{"class":135},[44,76316,121],{"class":58},[44,76318,232],{"class":117},[44,76320,1271],{"class":58},[44,76322,1145],{"class":206},[44,76324,1155],{"class":58},[44,76326,1133],{"class":206},[44,76328,1155],{"class":58},[44,76330,1674],{"class":54},[44,76332,1133],{"class":206},[44,76334,1276],{"class":58},[44,76336,76337],{"class":147},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76339,247],{},[35,76341,76343],{"className":37,"code":76342,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76344,76345,76361,76377,76405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76346,76347,76349,76351,76353,76355,76357,76359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76348,1271],{"class":58},[44,76350,207],{"class":206},[44,76352,72],{"class":58},[44,76354,217],{"class":206},[44,76356,72],{"class":58},[44,76358,4729],{"class":206},[44,76360,3286],{"class":58},[44,76362,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76364,1271],{"class":58},[44,76366,241],{"class":206},[44,76368,72],{"class":58},[44,76370,50482],{"class":206},[44,76372,72],{"class":58},[44,76374,75717],{"class":206},[44,76376,3286],{"class":58},[44,76378,76379,76381,76383,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393,76395,76397,76399,76401,76403],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76380,1271],{"class":58},[44,76382,75896],{"class":206},[44,76384,72],{"class":58},[44,76386,4729],{"class":206},[44,76388,72],{"class":58},[44,76390,50482],{"class":206},[44,76392,72],{"class":58},[44,76394,217],{"class":206},[44,76396,72],{"class":58},[44,76398,212],{"class":206},[44,76400,72],{"class":58},[44,76402,934],{"class":206},[44,76404,3286],{"class":58},[44,76406,76407,76409,76412,76414,76416,76418,76420],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,76408,1271],{"class":58},[44,76410,76411],{"class":206},"50",[44,76413,72],{"class":58},[44,76415,50482],{"class":206},[44,76417,72],{"class":58},[44,76419,217],{"class":206},[44,76421,3286],{"class":58},[20,76423,76424,76425,114],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[270,76426,76427],{"href":74423},"how to reverse a list in Python",[338,76429,76431],{"id":76430},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76433,2480],{},[35,76435,76437],{"className":37,"code":76436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76438,76439,76459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76440,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76442,199],{"class":50},[44,76444,55],{"class":54},[44,76446,3273],{"class":58},[44,76448,1133],{"class":206},[44,76450,72],{"class":58},[44,76452,488],{"class":206},[44,76454,72],{"class":58},[44,76456,524],{"class":206},[44,76458,3286],{"class":58},[44,76460,76461,76463,76465,76467,76469,76471],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76462,136],{"class":135},[44,76464,121],{"class":58},[44,76466,232],{"class":117},[44,76468,73739],{"class":58},[44,76470,186],{"class":206},[44,76472,3538],{"class":58},[20,76474,1522,76475,76477,76478,76480],{},[15,76476,686],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76479,186],{}," does not make sense.",[30,76482,76484],{"id":76483},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76486,76487],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[338,76489,76491],{"id":76490},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[35,76493,76495],{"className":37,"code":76494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76496,76497,76521,76525],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76498,76499,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517,76519],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76500,199],{"class":50},[44,76502,55],{"class":54},[44,76504,3273],{"class":58},[44,76506,207],{"class":206},[44,76508,72],{"class":58},[44,76510,212],{"class":206},[44,76512,72],{"class":58},[44,76514,217],{"class":206},[44,76516,72],{"class":58},[44,76518,50482],{"class":206},[44,76520,3286],{"class":58},[44,76522,76523],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76524,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,76526,76527,76529,76531,76533,76535,76537],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76528,136],{"class":135},[44,76530,121],{"class":58},[44,76532,232],{"class":117},[44,76534,1271],{"class":58},[44,76536,1137],{"class":206},[44,76538,3538],{"class":58},[20,76540,247],{},[35,76542,76543],{"className":37,"code":69457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76544,76545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76546,76547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76548,69457],{"class":206},[338,76550,76552],{"id":76551},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[35,76554,76556],{"className":37,"code":76555,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76557,76558,76582,76586],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76559,76560,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76561,199],{"class":50},[44,76563,55],{"class":54},[44,76565,3273],{"class":58},[44,76567,207],{"class":206},[44,76569,72],{"class":58},[44,76571,212],{"class":206},[44,76573,72],{"class":58},[44,76575,217],{"class":206},[44,76577,72],{"class":58},[44,76579,50482],{"class":206},[44,76581,3286],{"class":58},[44,76583,76584],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76585,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,76587,76588,76590,76592,76594,76596,76598,76600,76602],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76589,136],{"class":135},[44,76591,121],{"class":58},[44,76593,232],{"class":117},[44,76595,1271],{"class":58},[44,76597,1137],{"class":206},[44,76599,1155],{"class":58},[44,76601,1141],{"class":206},[44,76603,3538],{"class":58},[20,76605,247],{},[35,76607,76609],{"className":37,"code":76608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30]\n",[15,76610,76611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76612,76613,76615,76617],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76614,1271],{"class":58},[44,76616,36479],{"class":206},[44,76618,3286],{"class":58},[20,76620,13411],{},[169,76622,76623,76629],{},[172,76624,76625,76628],{},[15,76626,76627],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[172,76630,76631,76634],{},[15,76632,76633],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76636,76637],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[169,76639,76640,76643],{},[172,76641,76642],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[172,76644,76645],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76647,189],{},[35,76649,76651],{"className":37,"code":76650,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76652,76653,76673,76677],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76654,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667,76669,76671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76656,199],{"class":50},[44,76658,55],{"class":54},[44,76660,3273],{"class":58},[44,76662,207],{"class":206},[44,76664,72],{"class":58},[44,76666,212],{"class":206},[44,76668,72],{"class":58},[44,76670,217],{"class":206},[44,76672,3286],{"class":58},[44,76674,76675],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76676,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,76678,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76680,136],{"class":135},[44,76682,121],{"class":58},[44,76684,232],{"class":117},[44,76686,1271],{"class":58},[44,76688,929],{"class":206},[44,76690,1155],{"class":58},[44,76692,207],{"class":206},[44,76694,3538],{"class":58},[20,76696,247],{},[35,76698,76699],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,76700,76701],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76702,76703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76704,37934],{"class":58},[20,76706,76707],{},"But this would raise an error:",[35,76709,76711],{"className":37,"code":76710,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76712,76713,76733,76737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76714,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723,76725,76727,76729,76731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76716,199],{"class":50},[44,76718,55],{"class":54},[44,76720,3273],{"class":58},[44,76722,207],{"class":206},[44,76724,72],{"class":58},[44,76726,212],{"class":206},[44,76728,72],{"class":58},[44,76730,217],{"class":206},[44,76732,3286],{"class":58},[44,76734,76735],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76736,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,76738,76739,76741,76743,76745,76747,76749],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76740,136],{"class":135},[44,76742,121],{"class":58},[44,76744,232],{"class":117},[44,76746,1271],{"class":58},[44,76748,929],{"class":206},[44,76750,3538],{"class":58},[20,76752,76753,76754,114],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[270,76755,68876],{"href":68875},[30,76757,14825],{"id":76758},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76760,76761],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[169,76763,76764,76768,76770,76773,76779],{},[172,76765,4353,76766,75358],{},[15,76767,75043],{},[172,76769,60325],{},[172,76771,76772],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[172,76774,1330,76775,8354,76777],{},[15,76776,75678],{},[15,76778,73143],{},[172,76780,76781,76782,76784],{},"Using step ",[15,76783,186],{},", which causes an error",[338,76786,76788],{"id":76787},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[35,76790,76792],{"className":37,"code":76791,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76793,76794,76822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76795,76796,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812,76814,76816,76818,76820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76797,199],{"class":50},[44,76799,55],{"class":54},[44,76801,3273],{"class":58},[44,76803,207],{"class":206},[44,76805,72],{"class":58},[44,76807,212],{"class":206},[44,76809,72],{"class":58},[44,76811,217],{"class":206},[44,76813,72],{"class":58},[44,76815,50482],{"class":206},[44,76817,72],{"class":58},[44,76819,4729],{"class":206},[44,76821,3286],{"class":58},[44,76823,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836,76838],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76825,136],{"class":135},[44,76827,121],{"class":58},[44,76829,232],{"class":117},[44,76831,1271],{"class":58},[44,76833,1133],{"class":206},[44,76835,1155],{"class":58},[44,76837,1145],{"class":206},[44,76839,3538],{"class":58},[20,76841,76842],{},"This returns:",[35,76844,76846],{"className":37,"code":76845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76847,76848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76849,76850,76852,76854,76856,76858,76860,76862],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76851,1271],{"class":58},[44,76853,241],{"class":206},[44,76855,72],{"class":58},[44,76857,217],{"class":206},[44,76859,72],{"class":58},[44,76861,50482],{"class":206},[44,76863,3286],{"class":58},[20,76865,40542,76866,76868,76869,76871,76872,114],{},[367,76867,881],{}," include ",[15,76870,76411],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76873,1145],{},[338,76875,76877],{"id":76876},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76879,16291],{},[35,76881,76883],{"className":37,"code":76882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76884,76885,76905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76886,76887,76889,76891,76893,76895,76897,76899,76901,76903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76888,199],{"class":50},[44,76890,55],{"class":54},[44,76892,3273],{"class":58},[44,76894,207],{"class":206},[44,76896,72],{"class":58},[44,76898,212],{"class":206},[44,76900,72],{"class":58},[44,76902,217],{"class":206},[44,76904,3286],{"class":58},[44,76906,76907],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76908,76909],{"class":147},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76911,76912],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[35,76914,76916],{"className":37,"code":76915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76917,76918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76919,76920,76922,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76921,136],{"class":135},[44,76923,121],{"class":58},[44,76925,232],{"class":117},[44,76927,1271],{"class":58},[44,76929,1133],{"class":206},[44,76931,1155],{"class":58},[44,76933,1141],{"class":206},[44,76935,3538],{"class":58},[338,76937,76939],{"id":76938},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76941,76942],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[35,76944,76946],{"className":37,"code":76945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76947,76948,76972,76986,76990,77000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,76949,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,76951,199],{"class":50},[44,76953,55],{"class":54},[44,76955,3273],{"class":58},[44,76957,207],{"class":206},[44,76959,72],{"class":58},[44,76961,212],{"class":206},[44,76963,72],{"class":58},[44,76965,217],{"class":206},[44,76967,72],{"class":58},[44,76969,50482],{"class":206},[44,76971,3286],{"class":58},[44,76973,76974,76976,76978,76980,76982,76984],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,76975,75276],{"class":50},[44,76977,55],{"class":54},[44,76979,3912],{"class":50},[44,76981,75152],{"class":58},[44,76983,1137],{"class":206},[44,76985,3286],{"class":58},[44,76987,76988],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,76989,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,76991,76992,76994,76996,76998],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,76993,136],{"class":135},[44,76995,121],{"class":58},[44,76997,75299],{"class":117},[44,76999,100],{"class":58},[44,77001,77002,77004,77006,77008],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,77003,136],{"class":135},[44,77005,121],{"class":58},[44,77007,232],{"class":117},[44,77009,100],{"class":58},[20,77011,247],{},[35,77013,77015],{"className":37,"code":77014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77016,77017,77029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77018,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77020,1271],{"class":58},[44,77022,207],{"class":206},[44,77024,72],{"class":58},[44,77026,212],{"class":206},[44,77028,3286],{"class":58},[44,77030,77031,77033,77035,77037,77039,77041,77043,77045,77047],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77032,1271],{"class":58},[44,77034,207],{"class":206},[44,77036,72],{"class":58},[44,77038,212],{"class":206},[44,77040,72],{"class":58},[44,77042,217],{"class":206},[44,77044,72],{"class":58},[44,77046,50482],{"class":206},[44,77048,3286],{"class":58},[20,77050,77051],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[338,77053,77055,77056,8354,77058],{"id":77054},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77057,75678],{},[15,77059,73143],{},[35,77061,77063],{"className":37,"code":77062,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77064,77065,77085,77089,77106,77117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77066,77067,77069,77071,77073,77075,77077,77079,77081,77083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77068,199],{"class":50},[44,77070,55],{"class":54},[44,77072,3273],{"class":58},[44,77074,207],{"class":206},[44,77076,72],{"class":58},[44,77078,212],{"class":206},[44,77080,72],{"class":58},[44,77082,217],{"class":206},[44,77084,3286],{"class":58},[44,77086,77087],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77088,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,77090,77091,77094,77096,77098,77100,77102,77104],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77092,77093],{"class":50},"reversed_copy ",[44,77095,55],{"class":54},[44,77097,3912],{"class":50},[44,77099,73739],{"class":58},[44,77101,1674],{"class":54},[44,77103,1133],{"class":206},[44,77105,3286],{"class":58},[44,77107,77108,77110,77112,77115],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,77109,136],{"class":135},[44,77111,121],{"class":58},[44,77113,77114],{"class":117},"reversed_copy",[44,77116,100],{"class":58},[44,77118,77119,77121,77123,77125],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,77120,136],{"class":135},[44,77122,121],{"class":58},[44,77124,232],{"class":117},[44,77126,100],{"class":58},[20,77128,247],{},[35,77130,77132],{"className":37,"code":77131,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77133,77134,77150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77135,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77137,1271],{"class":58},[44,77139,36479],{"class":206},[44,77141,72],{"class":58},[44,77143,212],{"class":206},[44,77145,72],{"class":58},[44,77147,934],{"class":206},[44,77149,3286],{"class":58},[44,77151,77152,77154,77156,77158,77160,77162,77164],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77153,1271],{"class":58},[44,77155,207],{"class":206},[44,77157,72],{"class":58},[44,77159,212],{"class":206},[44,77161,72],{"class":58},[44,77163,217],{"class":206},[44,77165,3286],{"class":58},[20,77167,77168,77171],{},[15,77169,77170],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77173,77174,77175,77178],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77176,77177],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[338,77180,77182],{"id":77181},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77184,77185],{},"This is not allowed:",[35,77187,77189],{"className":37,"code":77188,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77190,77191,77211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77192,77193,77195,77197,77199,77201,77203,77205,77207,77209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77194,199],{"class":50},[44,77196,55],{"class":54},[44,77198,3273],{"class":58},[44,77200,207],{"class":206},[44,77202,72],{"class":58},[44,77204,212],{"class":206},[44,77206,72],{"class":58},[44,77208,217],{"class":206},[44,77210,3286],{"class":58},[44,77212,77213],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77214,77215],{"class":147},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77217,77218,77219,114],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77220,686],{},[30,77222,77224],{"id":77223},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77226,77227],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[169,77229,77230,77237,77243,77246,77249],{},[172,77231,1330,77232,898,77234,77236],{},[15,77233,353],{},[15,77235,75043],{}," positions",[172,77238,77239,77240,77242],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77241,75043],{}," index is included",[172,77244,77245],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[172,77247,77248],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[172,77250,77251],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77253,77254],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[35,77256,77258],{"className":37,"code":77257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77259,77260,77270,77284,77302,77316,77333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77261,77262,77264,77266,77268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77263,136],{"class":135},[44,77265,121],{"class":58},[44,77267,7988],{"class":117},[44,77269,100],{"class":58},[44,77271,77272,77274,77276,77278,77280,77282],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77273,136],{"class":135},[44,77275,121],{"class":58},[44,77277,1365],{"class":135},[44,77279,121],{"class":58},[44,77281,7988],{"class":117},[44,77283,244],{"class":58},[44,77285,77286,77288,77290,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77287,136],{"class":135},[44,77289,121],{"class":58},[44,77291,7988],{"class":117},[44,77293,1271],{"class":58},[44,77295,1133],{"class":206},[44,77297,1155],{"class":58},[44,77299,1145],{"class":206},[44,77301,3538],{"class":58},[44,77303,77304,77306,77308,77310,77312,77314],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,77305,136],{"class":135},[44,77307,121],{"class":58},[44,77309,7988],{"class":117},[44,77311,75152],{"class":58},[44,77313,1141],{"class":206},[44,77315,3538],{"class":58},[44,77317,77318,77320,77322,77324,77326,77328,77330],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,77319,136],{"class":135},[44,77321,121],{"class":58},[44,77323,7988],{"class":117},[44,77325,1271],{"class":58},[44,77327,1674],{"class":54},[44,77329,1141],{"class":206},[44,77331,77332],{"class":58},":])\n",[44,77334,77335,77337,77339,77341,77343,77345,77347],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,77336,136],{"class":135},[44,77338,121],{"class":58},[44,77340,7988],{"class":117},[44,77342,73739],{"class":58},[44,77344,1674],{"class":54},[44,77346,1133],{"class":206},[44,77348,3538],{"class":58},[20,77350,895,77351,77353,77354,77358],{},[15,77352,41997],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[270,77355,77357],{"href":77356},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[30,77360,1497],{"id":1496},[338,77362,77364],{"id":77363},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77366,77367],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[338,77369,77371],{"id":77370},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77373,77374],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[338,77376,1501,77378,39597],{"id":77377},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77379,75678],{},[20,77381,77382],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[338,77384,77386,77387,1547],{"id":77385},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77388,70348],{},[20,77390,77391],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[30,77393,1554],{"id":1553},[169,77395,77396,77401,77406,77410,77414,77418],{},[172,77397,77398],{},[270,77399,77400],{"href":50615},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[172,77402,77403],{},[270,77404,77405],{"href":56790},"How to create a list in Python",[172,77407,77408],{},[270,77409,14613],{"href":56855},[172,77411,77412],{},[270,77413,74424],{"href":74423},[172,77415,77416],{},[270,77417,77357],{"href":77356},[172,77419,77420],{},[270,77421,68876],{"href":68875},[20,77423,77424,77425,77427],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77426,41997],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1583,77429,77430],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":77432},[77433,77434,77435,77436,77437,77438,77441,77445,77453,77454,77462],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":75207,"depth":103,"text":75208},{"id":75370,"depth":103,"text":75371},{"id":75632,"depth":103,"text":75633},{"id":75926,"depth":103,"text":75927},{"id":76172,"depth":103,"text":76173,"children":77439},[77440],{"id":76430,"depth":132,"text":76431},{"id":76483,"depth":103,"text":76484,"children":77442},[77443,77444],{"id":76490,"depth":132,"text":76491},{"id":76551,"depth":132,"text":76552},{"id":76758,"depth":103,"text":14825,"children":77446},[77447,77448,77449,77450,77452],{"id":76787,"depth":132,"text":76788},{"id":76876,"depth":132,"text":76877},{"id":76938,"depth":132,"text":76939},{"id":77054,"depth":132,"text":77451},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77181,"depth":132,"text":77182},{"id":77223,"depth":103,"text":77224},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":77455},[77456,77457,77458,77460],{"id":77363,"depth":132,"text":77364},{"id":77370,"depth":132,"text":77371},{"id":77377,"depth":132,"text":77459},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77385,"depth":132,"text":77461},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75030,"description":77463},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77470,"title":77471,"body":77472,"description":79541,"extension":1616,"meta":79542,"navigation":434,"path":79543,"seo":79544,"stem":79545,"__hash__":79546},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77473,"toc":79507},[77474,77479,77485,77491,77493,77540,77547,77552,77556,77571,77574,77627,77629,77654,77659,77661,77693,77696,77712,77714,77775,77777,77802,77806,77811,77864,77866,77891,77896,77957,77959,77984,77987,77994,77998,78001,78062,78064,78097,78100,78161,78163,78196,78202,78275,78277,78309,78316,78321,78326,78328,78340,78343,78421,78423,78464,78467,78541,78543,78576,78581,78588,78595,78599,78608,78612,78620,78622,78689,78691,78727,78732,78743,78745,78750,78755,78757,78820,78822,78847,78854,78859,78863,78866,78906,78911,78917,78922,78924,78951,78956,78959,79006,79008,79065,79072,79077,79083,79152,79156,79159,79222,79224,79257,79262,79264,79267,79348,79350,79374,79380,79382,79387,79391,79398,79406,79410,79412,79435,79439,79441,79468,79471,79478,79481,79483,79504],[10,77475,53978,77477,18],{"id":77476},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77478,63943],{},[20,77480,77481,77484],{},[15,77482,77483],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77486,77487,77488,77490],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77489,63943],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[30,77492,33],{"id":32},[35,77494,77496],{"className":37,"code":77495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77497,77498,77518,77528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77499,77500,77502,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512,77514,77516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77501,199],{"class":50},[44,77503,55],{"class":54},[44,77505,3273],{"class":58},[44,77507,1141],{"class":206},[44,77509,72],{"class":58},[44,77511,519],{"class":206},[44,77513,72],{"class":58},[44,77515,488],{"class":206},[44,77517,3286],{"class":58},[44,77519,77520,77522,77524,77526],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77521,232],{"class":50},[44,77523,114],{"class":58},[44,77525,34441],{"class":117},[44,77527,8292],{"class":58},[44,77529,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77531,136],{"class":135},[44,77533,121],{"class":58},[44,77535,232],{"class":117},[44,77537,144],{"class":58},[44,77539,54568],{"class":147},[20,77541,651,77542,77544,77545,114],{},[15,77543,77483],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77546,3428],{},[30,77548,158,77550,161],{"id":77549},"what-listsort-does",[15,77551,77483],{},[20,77553,77554,1155],{},[15,77555,77483],{},[169,77557,77558,77561,77564,77568],{},[172,77559,77560],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[172,77562,77563],{},"Changes the original list",[172,77565,11072,77566],{},[15,77567,3428],{},[172,77569,77570],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77572,77573],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[35,77575,77577],{"className":37,"code":77576,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77578,77579,77603,77613,77617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77580,77581,77583,77585,77587,77589,77591,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77582,199],{"class":50},[44,77584,55],{"class":54},[44,77586,3273],{"class":58},[44,77588,929],{"class":206},[44,77590,72],{"class":58},[44,77592,488],{"class":206},[44,77594,72],{"class":58},[44,77596,53772],{"class":206},[44,77598,72],{"class":58},[44,77600,519],{"class":206},[44,77602,3286],{"class":58},[44,77604,77605,77607,77609,77611],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77606,232],{"class":50},[44,77608,114],{"class":58},[44,77610,34441],{"class":117},[44,77612,8292],{"class":58},[44,77614,77615],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77616,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,77618,77619,77621,77623,77625],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,77620,136],{"class":135},[44,77622,121],{"class":58},[44,77624,232],{"class":117},[44,77626,100],{"class":58},[20,77628,247],{},[35,77630,77632],{"className":37,"code":77631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77633,77634],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77635,77636,77638,77640,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77637,1271],{"class":58},[44,77639,1133],{"class":206},[44,77641,72],{"class":58},[44,77643,488],{"class":206},[44,77645,72],{"class":58},[44,77647,939],{"class":206},[44,77649,72],{"class":58},[44,77651,53772],{"class":206},[44,77653,3286],{"class":58},[20,77655,77656,77657,114],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[270,77658,66694],{"href":50615},[30,77660,277],{"id":276},[35,77662,77664],{"className":37,"code":77663,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77665,77666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77667,77668,77670,77672,77674,77676,77678,77680,77682,77684,77687,77689,77691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77669,7988],{"class":50},[44,77671,114],{"class":58},[44,77673,34441],{"class":117},[44,77675,121],{"class":58},[44,77677,14490],{"class":8826},[44,77679,55],{"class":54},[44,77681,3428],{"class":3502},[44,77683,72],{"class":58},[44,77685,77686],{"class":8826}," reverse",[44,77688,55],{"class":54},[44,77690,3324],{"class":3502},[44,77692,100],{"class":58},[20,77694,77695],{},"Main arguments:",[169,77697,77698,77703,77709],{},[172,77699,77700,77702],{},[15,77701,14490],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[172,77704,77705,77708],{},[15,77706,77707],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[172,77710,77711],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77713,189],{},[35,77715,77717],{"className":37,"code":77716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77718,77719,77743,77761,77765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77720,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739,77741],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77722,199],{"class":50},[44,77724,55],{"class":54},[44,77726,3273],{"class":58},[44,77728,1145],{"class":206},[44,77730,72],{"class":58},[44,77732,519],{"class":206},[44,77734,72],{"class":58},[44,77736,5642],{"class":206},[44,77738,72],{"class":58},[44,77740,488],{"class":206},[44,77742,3286],{"class":58},[44,77744,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757,77759],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77746,232],{"class":50},[44,77748,114],{"class":58},[44,77750,34441],{"class":117},[44,77752,121],{"class":58},[44,77754,73194],{"class":8826},[44,77756,55],{"class":54},[44,77758,3254],{"class":3502},[44,77760,100],{"class":58},[44,77762,77763],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77764,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,77766,77767,77769,77771,77773],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,77768,136],{"class":135},[44,77770,121],{"class":58},[44,77772,232],{"class":117},[44,77774,100],{"class":58},[20,77776,247],{},[35,77778,77780],{"className":37,"code":77779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77781,77782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77783,77784,77786,77788,77790,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77785,1271],{"class":58},[44,77787,1677],{"class":206},[44,77789,72],{"class":58},[44,77791,1114],{"class":206},[44,77793,72],{"class":58},[44,77795,488],{"class":206},[44,77797,72],{"class":58},[44,77799,519],{"class":206},[44,77801,3286],{"class":58},[30,77803,77805],{"id":77804},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77807,651,77808,77810],{},[15,77809,63943],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[35,77812,77814],{"className":37,"code":77813,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77815,77816,77840,77850,77854],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77817,77818,77820,77822,77824,77826,77828,77830,77832,77834,77836,77838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77819,199],{"class":50},[44,77821,55],{"class":54},[44,77823,3273],{"class":58},[44,77825,207],{"class":206},[44,77827,72],{"class":58},[44,77829,524],{"class":206},[44,77831,72],{"class":58},[44,77833,6008],{"class":206},[44,77835,72],{"class":58},[44,77837,519],{"class":206},[44,77839,3286],{"class":58},[44,77841,77842,77844,77846,77848],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77843,232],{"class":50},[44,77845,114],{"class":58},[44,77847,34441],{"class":117},[44,77849,8292],{"class":58},[44,77851,77852],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77853,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,77855,77856,77858,77860,77862],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,77857,136],{"class":135},[44,77859,121],{"class":58},[44,77861,232],{"class":117},[44,77863,100],{"class":58},[20,77865,247],{},[35,77867,77869],{"className":37,"code":77868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77870,77871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77872,77873,77875,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77874,1271],{"class":58},[44,77876,1133],{"class":206},[44,77878,72],{"class":58},[44,77880,524],{"class":206},[44,77882,72],{"class":58},[44,77884,6008],{"class":206},[44,77886,72],{"class":58},[44,77888,934],{"class":206},[44,77890,3286],{"class":58},[20,77892,651,77893,77895],{},[15,77894,77707],{}," for descending order:",[35,77897,77899],{"className":37,"code":77898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77900,77901,77925,77943,77947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77902,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915,77917,77919,77921,77923],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77904,199],{"class":50},[44,77906,55],{"class":54},[44,77908,3273],{"class":58},[44,77910,207],{"class":206},[44,77912,72],{"class":58},[44,77914,524],{"class":206},[44,77916,72],{"class":58},[44,77918,6008],{"class":206},[44,77920,72],{"class":58},[44,77922,519],{"class":206},[44,77924,3286],{"class":58},[44,77926,77927,77929,77931,77933,77935,77937,77939,77941],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,77928,232],{"class":50},[44,77930,114],{"class":58},[44,77932,34441],{"class":117},[44,77934,121],{"class":58},[44,77936,73194],{"class":8826},[44,77938,55],{"class":54},[44,77940,3254],{"class":3502},[44,77942,100],{"class":58},[44,77944,77945],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,77946,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,77948,77949,77951,77953,77955],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,77950,136],{"class":135},[44,77952,121],{"class":58},[44,77954,232],{"class":117},[44,77956,100],{"class":58},[20,77958,247],{},[35,77960,77962],{"className":37,"code":77961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77963,77964],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,77965,77966,77968,77970,77972,77974,77976,77978,77980,77982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,77967,1271],{"class":58},[44,77969,207],{"class":206},[44,77971,72],{"class":58},[44,77973,6008],{"class":206},[44,77975,72],{"class":58},[44,77977,524],{"class":206},[44,77979,72],{"class":58},[44,77981,519],{"class":206},[44,77983,3286],{"class":58},[20,77985,77986],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77988,77989,77990,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[270,77991,77993],{"href":77992},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[30,77995,77997],{"id":77996},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77999,78000],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[35,78002,78004],{"className":37,"code":78003,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78005,78006,78038,78048,78052],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78007,78008,78010,78012,78014,78016,78018,78020,78022,78024,78026,78028,78030,78032,78034,78036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78009,3720],{"class":50},[44,78011,55],{"class":54},[44,78013,3273],{"class":58},[44,78015,63],{"class":62},[44,78017,1218],{"class":66},[44,78019,63],{"class":62},[44,78021,72],{"class":58},[44,78023,75],{"class":62},[44,78025,1209],{"class":66},[44,78027,63],{"class":62},[44,78029,72],{"class":58},[44,78031,75],{"class":62},[44,78033,3745],{"class":66},[44,78035,63],{"class":62},[44,78037,3286],{"class":58},[44,78039,78040,78042,78044,78046],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78041,3762],{"class":50},[44,78043,114],{"class":58},[44,78045,34441],{"class":117},[44,78047,8292],{"class":58},[44,78049,78050],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78051,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78053,78054,78056,78058,78060],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78055,136],{"class":135},[44,78057,121],{"class":58},[44,78059,3762],{"class":117},[44,78061,100],{"class":58},[20,78063,247],{},[35,78065,78067],{"className":37,"code":78066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78068,78069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78070,78071,78073,78075,78077,78079,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78072,1271],{"class":58},[44,78074,2948],{"class":62},[44,78076,1209],{"class":66},[44,78078,2948],{"class":62},[44,78080,72],{"class":58},[44,78082,2943],{"class":62},[44,78084,1218],{"class":66},[44,78086,2948],{"class":62},[44,78088,72],{"class":58},[44,78090,2943],{"class":62},[44,78092,3745],{"class":66},[44,78094,2948],{"class":62},[44,78096,3286],{"class":58},[20,78098,78099],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[35,78101,78103],{"className":37,"code":78102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78104,78105,78137,78147,78151],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78106,78107,78109,78111,78113,78115,78117,78119,78121,78123,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78108,3720],{"class":50},[44,78110,55],{"class":54},[44,78112,3273],{"class":58},[44,78114,63],{"class":62},[44,78116,1218],{"class":66},[44,78118,63],{"class":62},[44,78120,72],{"class":58},[44,78122,75],{"class":62},[44,78124,57403],{"class":66},[44,78126,63],{"class":62},[44,78128,72],{"class":58},[44,78130,75],{"class":62},[44,78132,3745],{"class":66},[44,78134,63],{"class":62},[44,78136,3286],{"class":58},[44,78138,78139,78141,78143,78145],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78140,3762],{"class":50},[44,78142,114],{"class":58},[44,78144,34441],{"class":117},[44,78146,8292],{"class":58},[44,78148,78149],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78150,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78152,78153,78155,78157,78159],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78154,136],{"class":135},[44,78156,121],{"class":58},[44,78158,3762],{"class":117},[44,78160,100],{"class":58},[20,78162,247],{},[35,78164,78166],{"className":37,"code":78165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78167,78168],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78169,78170,78172,78174,78176,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78171,1271],{"class":58},[44,78173,2948],{"class":62},[44,78175,57403],{"class":66},[44,78177,2948],{"class":62},[44,78179,72],{"class":58},[44,78181,2943],{"class":62},[44,78183,1218],{"class":66},[44,78185,2948],{"class":62},[44,78187,72],{"class":58},[44,78189,2943],{"class":62},[44,78191,3745],{"class":66},[44,78193,2948],{"class":62},[44,78195,3286],{"class":58},[20,78197,78198,78199,1155],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78200,78201],{},"key=str.lower",[35,78203,78205],{"className":37,"code":78204,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78206,78207,78239,78261,78265],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78208,78209,78211,78213,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233,78235,78237],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78210,3720],{"class":50},[44,78212,55],{"class":54},[44,78214,3273],{"class":58},[44,78216,63],{"class":62},[44,78218,1218],{"class":66},[44,78220,63],{"class":62},[44,78222,72],{"class":58},[44,78224,75],{"class":62},[44,78226,57403],{"class":66},[44,78228,63],{"class":62},[44,78230,72],{"class":58},[44,78232,75],{"class":62},[44,78234,3745],{"class":66},[44,78236,63],{"class":62},[44,78238,3286],{"class":58},[44,78240,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257,78259],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78242,3762],{"class":50},[44,78244,114],{"class":58},[44,78246,34441],{"class":117},[44,78248,121],{"class":58},[44,78250,14490],{"class":8826},[44,78252,55],{"class":54},[44,78254,3092],{"class":2546},[44,78256,114],{"class":58},[44,78258,8289],{"class":24390},[44,78260,100],{"class":58},[44,78262,78263],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78264,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78266,78267,78269,78271,78273],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78268,136],{"class":135},[44,78270,121],{"class":58},[44,78272,3762],{"class":117},[44,78274,100],{"class":58},[20,78276,247],{},[35,78278,78279],{"className":37,"code":78165,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78280,78281],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78282,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295,78297,78299,78301,78303,78305,78307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78284,1271],{"class":58},[44,78286,2948],{"class":62},[44,78288,57403],{"class":66},[44,78290,2948],{"class":62},[44,78292,72],{"class":58},[44,78294,2943],{"class":62},[44,78296,1218],{"class":66},[44,78298,2948],{"class":62},[44,78300,72],{"class":58},[44,78302,2943],{"class":62},[44,78304,3745],{"class":66},[44,78306,2948],{"class":62},[44,78308,3286],{"class":58},[20,78310,78311,78312,78315],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78313,78314],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[30,78317,36250,78319,36253],{"id":78318},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78320,14490],{},[20,78322,164,78323,78325],{},[15,78324,14490],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78327,6992],{},[169,78329,78330,78335],{},[172,78331,78332,78334],{},[15,78333,1365],{}," to sort by length",[172,78336,78337,78339],{},[15,78338,78314],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78341,78342],{},"Sort words by length:",[35,78344,78346],{"className":37,"code":78345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78347,78348,78389,78407,78411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78349,78350,78352,78354,78356,78358,78361,78363,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379,78381,78383,78385,78387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78351,3720],{"class":50},[44,78353,55],{"class":54},[44,78355,3273],{"class":58},[44,78357,63],{"class":62},[44,78359,78360],{"class":66},"pear",[44,78362,63],{"class":62},[44,78364,72],{"class":58},[44,78366,75],{"class":62},[44,78368,1218],{"class":66},[44,78370,63],{"class":62},[44,78372,72],{"class":58},[44,78374,75],{"class":62},[44,78376,37995],{"class":66},[44,78378,63],{"class":62},[44,78380,72],{"class":58},[44,78382,75],{"class":62},[44,78384,1209],{"class":66},[44,78386,63],{"class":62},[44,78388,3286],{"class":58},[44,78390,78391,78393,78395,78397,78399,78401,78403,78405],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78392,3762],{"class":50},[44,78394,114],{"class":58},[44,78396,34441],{"class":117},[44,78398,121],{"class":58},[44,78400,14490],{"class":8826},[44,78402,55],{"class":54},[44,78404,1365],{"class":135},[44,78406,100],{"class":58},[44,78408,78409],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78410,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78412,78413,78415,78417,78419],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78414,136],{"class":135},[44,78416,121],{"class":58},[44,78418,3762],{"class":117},[44,78420,100],{"class":58},[20,78422,247],{},[35,78424,78426],{"className":37,"code":78425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78427,78428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78429,78430,78432,78434,78436,78438,78440,78442,78444,78446,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78431,1271],{"class":58},[44,78433,2948],{"class":62},[44,78435,37995],{"class":66},[44,78437,2948],{"class":62},[44,78439,72],{"class":58},[44,78441,2943],{"class":62},[44,78443,78360],{"class":66},[44,78445,2948],{"class":62},[44,78447,72],{"class":58},[44,78449,2943],{"class":62},[44,78451,1209],{"class":66},[44,78453,2948],{"class":62},[44,78455,72],{"class":58},[44,78457,2943],{"class":62},[44,78459,1218],{"class":66},[44,78461,2948],{"class":62},[44,78463,3286],{"class":58},[20,78465,78466],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[35,78468,78470],{"className":37,"code":78469,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78471,78472,78505,78527,78531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78473,78474,78476,78478,78480,78482,78484,78486,78488,78490,78492,78494,78496,78498,78501,78503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78475,3720],{"class":50},[44,78477,55],{"class":54},[44,78479,3273],{"class":58},[44,78481,63],{"class":62},[44,78483,4661],{"class":66},[44,78485,63],{"class":62},[44,78487,72],{"class":58},[44,78489,75],{"class":62},[44,78491,17446],{"class":66},[44,78493,63],{"class":62},[44,78495,72],{"class":58},[44,78497,75],{"class":62},[44,78499,78500],{"class":66},"Carol",[44,78502,63],{"class":62},[44,78504,3286],{"class":58},[44,78506,78507,78509,78511,78513,78515,78517,78519,78521,78523,78525],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78508,3762],{"class":50},[44,78510,114],{"class":58},[44,78512,34441],{"class":117},[44,78514,121],{"class":58},[44,78516,14490],{"class":8826},[44,78518,55],{"class":54},[44,78520,3092],{"class":2546},[44,78522,114],{"class":58},[44,78524,8289],{"class":24390},[44,78526,100],{"class":58},[44,78528,78529],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78530,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78532,78533,78535,78537,78539],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78534,136],{"class":135},[44,78536,121],{"class":58},[44,78538,3762],{"class":117},[44,78540,100],{"class":58},[20,78542,247],{},[35,78544,78546],{"className":37,"code":78545,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78547,78548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78549,78550,78552,78554,78556,78558,78560,78562,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78551,1271],{"class":58},[44,78553,2948],{"class":62},[44,78555,17446],{"class":66},[44,78557,2948],{"class":62},[44,78559,72],{"class":58},[44,78561,2943],{"class":62},[44,78563,4661],{"class":66},[44,78565,2948],{"class":62},[44,78567,72],{"class":58},[44,78569,2943],{"class":62},[44,78571,78500],{"class":66},[44,78573,2948],{"class":62},[44,78575,3286],{"class":58},[20,78577,164,78578,78580],{},[15,78579,14490],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[30,78582,78584,10236,78586],{"id":78583},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78585,77483],{},[15,78587,74041],{},[20,78589,78590,898,78592,78594],{},[15,78591,77483],{},[15,78593,74041],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78596,78597,1155],{},[15,78598,77483],{},[169,78600,78601,78604],{},[172,78602,78603],{},"Changes the existing list",[172,78605,11072,78606],{},[15,78607,3428],{},[20,78609,78610,1155],{},[15,78611,74041],{},[169,78613,78614,78617],{},[172,78615,78616],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[172,78618,78619],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78621,189],{},[35,78623,78625],{"className":37,"code":78624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78626,78627,78647,78651,78665,78669,78679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78628,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78630,199],{"class":50},[44,78632,55],{"class":54},[44,78634,3273],{"class":58},[44,78636,1141],{"class":206},[44,78638,72],{"class":58},[44,78640,519],{"class":206},[44,78642,72],{"class":58},[44,78644,488],{"class":206},[44,78646,3286],{"class":58},[44,78648,78649],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78650,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78652,78653,78655,78657,78659,78661,78663],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78654,55526],{"class":50},[44,78656,55],{"class":54},[44,78658,74175],{"class":135},[44,78660,121],{"class":58},[44,78662,232],{"class":117},[44,78664,100],{"class":58},[44,78666,78667],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78668,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78670,78671,78673,78675,78677],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,78672,136],{"class":135},[44,78674,121],{"class":58},[44,78676,232],{"class":117},[44,78678,100],{"class":58},[44,78680,78681,78683,78685,78687],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,78682,136],{"class":135},[44,78684,121],{"class":58},[44,78686,73898],{"class":117},[44,78688,100],{"class":58},[20,78690,247],{},[35,78692,78693],{"className":37,"code":74210,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,78694,78695,78711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78696,78697,78699,78701,78703,78705,78707,78709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78698,1271],{"class":58},[44,78700,1141],{"class":206},[44,78702,72],{"class":58},[44,78704,519],{"class":206},[44,78706,72],{"class":58},[44,78708,488],{"class":206},[44,78710,3286],{"class":58},[44,78712,78713,78715,78717,78719,78721,78723,78725],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78714,1271],{"class":58},[44,78716,1133],{"class":206},[44,78718,72],{"class":58},[44,78720,488],{"class":206},[44,78722,72],{"class":58},[44,78724,524],{"class":206},[44,78726,3286],{"class":58},[20,78728,651,78729,78731],{},[15,78730,74041],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78733,78734,78735,898,78739,114],{},"You can learn more in ",[270,78736,3225,78737,5431],{"href":74138},[15,78738,74041],{},[270,78740,78742],{"href":78741},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[30,78744,1299],{"id":1298},[20,78746,78747,78748,114],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78749,77483],{},[338,78751,12245,78753],{"id":78752},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78754,63943],{},[20,78756,25330],{},[35,78758,78760],{"className":37,"code":78759,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78761,78762,78782,78796,78800,78810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78763,78764,78766,78768,78770,78772,78774,78776,78778,78780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78765,199],{"class":50},[44,78767,55],{"class":54},[44,78769,3273],{"class":58},[44,78771,1141],{"class":206},[44,78773,72],{"class":58},[44,78775,519],{"class":206},[44,78777,72],{"class":58},[44,78779,488],{"class":206},[44,78781,3286],{"class":58},[44,78783,78784,78786,78788,78790,78792,78794],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78785,604],{"class":50},[44,78787,55],{"class":54},[44,78789,3912],{"class":50},[44,78791,114],{"class":58},[44,78793,34441],{"class":117},[44,78795,8292],{"class":58},[44,78797,78798],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78799,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78801,78802,78804,78806,78808],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78803,136],{"class":135},[44,78805,121],{"class":58},[44,78807,632],{"class":117},[44,78809,100],{"class":58},[44,78811,78812,78814,78816,78818],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,78813,136],{"class":135},[44,78815,121],{"class":58},[44,78817,232],{"class":117},[44,78819,100],{"class":58},[20,78821,247],{},[35,78823,78825],{"className":37,"code":78824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78826,78827,78831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78828,78829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78830,11458],{"class":3502},[44,78832,78833,78835,78837,78839,78841,78843,78845],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78834,1271],{"class":58},[44,78836,1133],{"class":206},[44,78838,72],{"class":58},[44,78840,488],{"class":206},[44,78842,72],{"class":58},[44,78844,524],{"class":206},[44,78846,3286],{"class":58},[20,78848,78849,78851,78852,114],{},[15,78850,63943],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78853,3428],{},[20,78855,78856,78857,6280],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78858,74041],{},[338,78860,78862],{"id":78861},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78864,78865],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[35,78867,78869],{"className":37,"code":78868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78870,78871,78896],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78872,78873,78875,78877,78879,78881,78883,78885,78888,78890,78892,78894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78874,7429],{"class":50},[44,78876,55],{"class":54},[44,78878,3273],{"class":58},[44,78880,1133],{"class":206},[44,78882,72],{"class":58},[44,78884,75],{"class":62},[44,78886,78887],{"class":66},"two",[44,78889,63],{"class":62},[44,78891,72],{"class":58},[44,78893,524],{"class":206},[44,78895,3286],{"class":58},[44,78897,78898,78900,78902,78904],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78899,7458],{"class":50},[44,78901,114],{"class":58},[44,78903,34441],{"class":117},[44,78905,8292],{"class":58},[20,78907,2647,78908,78910],{},[15,78909,2650],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[338,78912,4353,78914,78916],{"id":78913},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78915,63943],{}," only works on lists",[20,78918,78919,78921],{},[15,78920,63943],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78923,16291],{},[35,78925,78927],{"className":37,"code":78926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78928,78929,78941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78930,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78932,34329],{"class":50},[44,78934,55],{"class":54},[44,78936,75],{"class":62},[44,78938,39],{"class":66},[44,78940,3007],{"class":62},[44,78942,78943,78945,78947,78949],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78944,34350],{"class":50},[44,78946,114],{"class":58},[44,78948,34441],{"class":117},[44,78950,8292],{"class":58},[20,78952,78953,78954,33241],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78955,63943],{},[20,78957,78958],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[35,78960,78962],{"className":37,"code":78961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78963,78964,78982,78992,78996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,78965,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,78967,382],{"class":50},[44,78969,55],{"class":54},[44,78971,22199],{"class":2546},[44,78973,121],{"class":58},[44,78975,63],{"class":62},[44,78977,39],{"class":66},[44,78979,63],{"class":62},[44,78981,100],{"class":58},[44,78983,78984,78986,78988,78990],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,78985,444],{"class":50},[44,78987,114],{"class":58},[44,78989,34441],{"class":117},[44,78991,8292],{"class":58},[44,78993,78994],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,78995,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,78997,78998,79000,79002,79004],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,78999,136],{"class":135},[44,79001,121],{"class":58},[44,79003,444],{"class":117},[44,79005,100],{"class":58},[20,79007,247],{},[35,79009,79011],{"className":37,"code":79010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79012,79013],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79014,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037,79039,79041,79043,79045,79047,79049,79051,79053,79055,79057,79059,79061,79063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79016,1271],{"class":58},[44,79018,2948],{"class":62},[44,79020,60071],{"class":66},[44,79022,2948],{"class":62},[44,79024,72],{"class":58},[44,79026,2943],{"class":62},[44,79028,75647],{"class":66},[44,79030,2948],{"class":62},[44,79032,72],{"class":58},[44,79034,2943],{"class":62},[44,79036,60106],{"class":66},[44,79038,2948],{"class":62},[44,79040,72],{"class":58},[44,79042,2943],{"class":62},[44,79044,20],{"class":66},[44,79046,2948],{"class":62},[44,79048,72],{"class":58},[44,79050,2943],{"class":62},[44,79052,62918],{"class":66},[44,79054,2948],{"class":62},[44,79056,72],{"class":58},[44,79058,2943],{"class":62},[44,79060,11395],{"class":66},[44,79062,2948],{"class":62},[44,79064,3286],{"class":58},[338,79066,79068,79069,79071],{"id":79067},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79070,14490],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79073,79074,79075,114],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79076,14490],{},[20,79078,79079,79080,79082],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79081,63943],{}," will not do that:",[35,79084,79086],{"className":37,"code":79085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79087,79088,79120,79138,79142],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79089,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79091,3720],{"class":50},[44,79093,55],{"class":54},[44,79095,3273],{"class":58},[44,79097,63],{"class":62},[44,79099,1218],{"class":66},[44,79101,63],{"class":62},[44,79103,72],{"class":58},[44,79105,75],{"class":62},[44,79107,37995],{"class":66},[44,79109,63],{"class":62},[44,79111,72],{"class":58},[44,79113,75],{"class":62},[44,79115,1209],{"class":66},[44,79117,63],{"class":62},[44,79119,3286],{"class":58},[44,79121,79122,79124,79126,79128,79130,79132,79134,79136],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,79123,3762],{"class":50},[44,79125,114],{"class":58},[44,79127,34441],{"class":117},[44,79129,121],{"class":58},[44,79131,14490],{"class":8826},[44,79133,55],{"class":54},[44,79135,1365],{"class":135},[44,79137,100],{"class":58},[44,79139,79140],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79141,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,79143,79144,79146,79148,79150],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,79145,136],{"class":135},[44,79147,121],{"class":58},[44,79149,3762],{"class":117},[44,79151,100],{"class":58},[338,79153,79155],{"id":79154},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79157,79158],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[35,79160,79162],{"className":37,"code":79161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79163,79164,79198,79208,79212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79165,79166,79168,79170,79172,79174,79177,79179,79181,79183,79185,79187,79189,79191,79194,79196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79167,3720],{"class":50},[44,79169,55],{"class":54},[44,79171,3273],{"class":58},[44,79173,63],{"class":62},[44,79175,79176],{"class":66},"zebra",[44,79178,63],{"class":62},[44,79180,72],{"class":58},[44,79182,75],{"class":62},[44,79184,57403],{"class":66},[44,79186,63],{"class":62},[44,79188,72],{"class":58},[44,79190,75],{"class":62},[44,79192,79193],{"class":66},"monkey",[44,79195,63],{"class":62},[44,79197,3286],{"class":58},[44,79199,79200,79202,79204,79206],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,79201,3762],{"class":50},[44,79203,114],{"class":58},[44,79205,34441],{"class":117},[44,79207,8292],{"class":58},[44,79209,79210],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79211,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,79213,79214,79216,79218,79220],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,79215,136],{"class":135},[44,79217,121],{"class":58},[44,79219,3762],{"class":117},[44,79221,100],{"class":58},[20,79223,247],{},[35,79225,79227],{"className":37,"code":79226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79228,79229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79230,79231,79233,79235,79237,79239,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251,79253,79255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79232,1271],{"class":58},[44,79234,2948],{"class":62},[44,79236,57403],{"class":66},[44,79238,2948],{"class":62},[44,79240,72],{"class":58},[44,79242,2943],{"class":62},[44,79244,79193],{"class":66},[44,79246,2948],{"class":62},[44,79248,72],{"class":58},[44,79250,2943],{"class":62},[44,79252,79176],{"class":66},[44,79254,2948],{"class":62},[44,79256,3286],{"class":58},[20,79258,651,79259,79261],{},[15,79260,78201],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[338,79263,1337],{"id":1336},[20,79265,79266],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,79268,79270],{"className":37,"code":79269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79271,79272,79282,79296,79310,79324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79273,79274,79276,79278,79280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79275,136],{"class":135},[44,79277,121],{"class":58},[44,79279,7988],{"class":117},[44,79281,100],{"class":58},[44,79283,79284,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,79285,136],{"class":135},[44,79287,121],{"class":58},[44,79289,2868],{"class":2546},[44,79291,121],{"class":58},[44,79293,7988],{"class":117},[44,79295,244],{"class":58},[44,79297,79298,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79299,136],{"class":135},[44,79301,121],{"class":58},[44,79303,7988],{"class":117},[44,79305,114],{"class":58},[44,79307,34441],{"class":117},[44,79309,6843],{"class":58},[44,79311,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320,79322],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,79313,136],{"class":135},[44,79315,121],{"class":58},[44,79317,74131],{"class":135},[44,79319,121],{"class":58},[44,79321,7988],{"class":117},[44,79323,244],{"class":58},[44,79325,79326,79328,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79344,79346],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,79327,136],{"class":135},[44,79329,2631],{"class":58},[44,79331,2868],{"class":2546},[44,79333,121],{"class":58},[44,79335,22950],{"class":117},[44,79337,144],{"class":58},[44,79339,3527],{"class":805},[44,79341,5609],{"class":117},[44,79343,1383],{"class":805},[44,79345,8045],{"class":117},[44,79347,3538],{"class":58},[20,79349,10820],{},[169,79351,79352,79355,79358,79365,79371],{},[172,79353,79354],{},"What values are in the list",[172,79356,79357],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[172,79359,79360,79361,2044,79363],{},"That ",[15,79362,63943],{},[15,79364,3428],{},[172,79366,79367,79368,79370],{},"Whether ",[15,79369,74041],{}," works better for your case",[172,79372,79373],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79375,79376,79377,79379],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79378,2650],{}," problems.",[30,79381,1497],{"id":1496},[338,79383,12355,79385,55105],{"id":79384},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79386,77483],{},[20,79388,62234,79389,114],{},[15,79390,3428],{},[338,79392,4828,79394,898,79396,1547],{"id":79393},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79395,63943],{},[15,79397,74041],{},[20,79399,79400,79402,79403,79405],{},[15,79401,63943],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79404,74041],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[338,79407,79409],{"id":79408},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79411,18338],{},[35,79413,79415],{"className":37,"code":79414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79416,79417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79418,79419,79421,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79420,7988],{"class":50},[44,79422,114],{"class":58},[44,79424,34441],{"class":117},[44,79426,121],{"class":58},[44,79428,73194],{"class":8826},[44,79430,55],{"class":54},[44,79432,3254],{"class":3502},[44,79434,100],{"class":58},[338,79436,79438],{"id":79437},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79440,18338],{},[35,79442,79444],{"className":37,"code":79443,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79445,79446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79447,79448,79450,79452,79454,79456,79458,79460,79462,79464,79466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79449,7988],{"class":50},[44,79451,114],{"class":58},[44,79453,34441],{"class":117},[44,79455,121],{"class":58},[44,79457,14490],{"class":8826},[44,79459,55],{"class":54},[44,79461,3092],{"class":2546},[44,79463,114],{"class":58},[44,79465,8289],{"class":24390},[44,79467,100],{"class":58},[20,79469,79470],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[338,79472,79474,79475,79477],{"id":79473},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79476,2650],{}," when sorting?",[20,79479,79480],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[30,79482,1554],{"id":1553},[169,79484,79485,79490,79496,79500],{},[172,79486,79487],{},[270,79488,79489],{"href":77992},"How to sort a list in Python",[172,79491,79492],{},[270,79493,3225,79494,5431],{"href":74138},[15,79495,74041],{},[172,79497,79498],{},[270,79499,66694],{"href":50615},[172,79501,79502],{},[270,79503,78742],{"href":78741},[1583,79505,79506],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":79508},[79509,79510,79512,79513,79514,79515,79517,79519,79530,79540],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":77549,"depth":103,"text":79511},"What list.sort() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":77804,"depth":103,"text":77805},{"id":77996,"depth":103,"text":77997},{"id":78318,"depth":103,"text":79516},"Using the key argument",{"id":78583,"depth":103,"text":79518},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":79520},[79521,79523,79524,79526,79528,79529],{"id":78752,"depth":132,"text":79522},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78861,"depth":132,"text":78862},{"id":78913,"depth":132,"text":79525},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79067,"depth":132,"text":79527},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79154,"depth":132,"text":79155},{"id":1336,"depth":132,"text":1337},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":79531},[79532,79534,79536,79537,79538],{"id":79384,"depth":132,"text":79533},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79393,"depth":132,"text":79535},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79408,"depth":132,"text":79409},{"id":79437,"depth":132,"text":79438},{"id":79473,"depth":132,"text":79539},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77471,"description":79541},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79548,"title":79549,"body":79550,"description":82181,"extension":1616,"meta":82182,"navigation":434,"path":82183,"seo":82184,"stem":82185,"__hash__":82186},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79551,"toc":82140},[79552,79557,79562,79565,79576,79579,79599,79601,79663,79665,79706,79715,79720,79725,79731,79742,79744,79763,79766,79771,79776,79778,79783,79797,79799,79817,79820,79837,79840,79846,79869,79874,79876,79879,79940,79942,79975,79977,80016,80024,80034,80040,80045,80138,80140,80164,80166,80184,80187,80218,80224,80229,80232,80234,80359,80361,80385,80387,80406,80412,80418,80537,80539,80556,80563,80569,80574,80581,80587,80589,80646,80649,80670,80673,80676,80737,80739,80772,80776,80846,80848,80865,80869,80872,80947,80949,80986,80989,80992,81063,81065,81126,81131,81136,81139,81153,81155,81228,81230,81250,81253,81256,81313,81375,81378,81410,81413,81428,81433,81435,81441,81444,81500,81503,81505,81524,81528,81530,81574,81583,81585,81645,81649,81652,81654,81747,81749,81864,81868,81870,81944,81947,81950,81952,81957,82022,82024,82048,82058,82060,82066,82075,82084,82093,82099,82102,82106,82109,82111,82137],[10,79553,3225,79555,3229],{"id":79554},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79556,39353],{},[20,79558,3232,79559,79561],{},[15,79560,39353],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79563,79564],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[169,79566,79567,79570,79573],{},[172,79568,79569],{},"converting numbers to strings",[172,79571,79572],{},"changing strings to integers",[172,79574,79575],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79577,79578],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[169,79580,79581,79588,79594],{},[172,79582,79583,13702,79585,79587],{},[15,79584,39353],{},[367,79586,881],{}," return a list in Python 3",[172,79589,79590,79591],{},"it returns a ",[367,79592,79593],{},"map object",[172,79595,79596,79597],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79598,24421],{},[30,79600,33],{"id":32},[35,79602,79604],{"className":37,"code":79603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79605,79606,79630,79649],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79607,79608,79610,79612,79614,79616,79618,79620,79622,79624,79626,79628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79609,199],{"class":50},[44,79611,55],{"class":54},[44,79613,3273],{"class":58},[44,79615,1133],{"class":206},[44,79617,72],{"class":58},[44,79619,488],{"class":206},[44,79621,72],{"class":58},[44,79623,524],{"class":206},[44,79625,72],{"class":58},[44,79627,1114],{"class":206},[44,79629,3286],{"class":58},[44,79631,79632,79634,79636,79639,79641,79643,79645,79647],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,79633,604],{"class":50},[44,79635,55],{"class":54},[44,79637,79638],{"class":135}," map",[44,79640,121],{"class":58},[44,79642,3092],{"class":2546},[44,79644,72],{"class":58},[44,79646,3912],{"class":117},[44,79648,100],{"class":58},[44,79650,79651,79653,79655,79657,79659,79661],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79652,136],{"class":135},[44,79654,121],{"class":58},[44,79656,7742],{"class":2546},[44,79658,121],{"class":58},[44,79660,632],{"class":117},[44,79662,244],{"class":58},[20,79664,247],{},[35,79666,79668],{"className":37,"code":79667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79669,79670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79671,79672,79674,79676,79678,79680,79682,79684,79686,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79673,1271],{"class":58},[44,79675,2948],{"class":62},[44,79677,1133],{"class":66},[44,79679,2948],{"class":62},[44,79681,72],{"class":58},[44,79683,2943],{"class":62},[44,79685,1137],{"class":66},[44,79687,2948],{"class":62},[44,79689,72],{"class":58},[44,79691,2943],{"class":62},[44,79693,1141],{"class":66},[44,79695,2948],{"class":62},[44,79697,72],{"class":58},[44,79699,2943],{"class":62},[44,79701,1145],{"class":66},[44,79703,2948],{"class":62},[44,79705,3286],{"class":58},[20,79707,651,79708,79711,79712,79714],{},[15,79709,79710],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79713,24421],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[30,79716,158,79718,161],{"id":79717},"what-map-does",[15,79719,39353],{},[20,79721,79722,79724],{},[15,79723,39353],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79726,79727,79728,79730],{},"An ",[367,79729,3370],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[169,79732,79733,79735,79737,79739],{},[172,79734,37538],{},[172,79736,37541],{},[172,79738,37544],{},[172,79740,79741],{},"a range object",[20,79743,30365],{},[35,79745,79747],{"className":37,"code":79746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79748,79749],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79750,79751,79753,79755,79757,79759,79761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79752,39496],{"class":135},[44,79754,121],{"class":58},[44,79756,37497],{"class":117},[44,79758,72],{"class":58},[44,79760,37502],{"class":117},[44,79762,100],{"class":58},[20,79764,79765],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79767,79768,79769,33382],{},"Important: the result is a ",[367,79770,79593],{},[20,79772,79773,79774,114],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[270,79775,4785],{"href":4784},[30,79777,277],{"id":276},[20,79779,79780,79782],{},[15,79781,39353],{}," needs at least two parts:",[169,79784,79785,79791],{},[172,79786,79787,79790],{},[367,79788,79789],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[172,79792,79793,79796],{},[367,79794,79795],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79798,3355],{},[35,79800,79801],{"className":37,"code":79746,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,79802,79803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79804,79805,79807,79809,79811,79813,79815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79806,39496],{"class":135},[44,79808,121],{"class":58},[44,79810,37497],{"class":117},[44,79812,72],{"class":58},[44,79814,37502],{"class":117},[44,79816,100],{"class":58},[20,79818,79819],{},"You can pass:",[169,79821,79822,79831,79834],{},[172,79823,79824,79825,1134,79827,1841,79829],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79826,3092],{},[15,79828,1837],{},[15,79830,1669],{},[172,79832,79833],{},"your own custom function",[172,79835,79836],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79838,79839],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79841,79842,79843,79845],{},"You will often see ",[15,79844,39353],{}," used like this:",[35,79847,79849],{"className":37,"code":79848,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79850,79851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79852,79853,79855,79857,79859,79861,79863,79865,79867],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79854,7742],{"class":2546},[44,79856,121],{"class":58},[44,79858,39496],{"class":135},[44,79860,121],{"class":58},[44,79862,37497],{"class":117},[44,79864,72],{"class":58},[44,79866,3535],{"class":117},[44,79868,244],{"class":58},[20,79870,6326,79871,79873],{},[15,79872,24421],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[30,79875,11124],{"id":11123},[20,79877,79878],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[35,79880,79882],{"className":37,"code":79881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79883,79884,79904,79922,79926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79885,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894,79896,79898,79900,79902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79887,199],{"class":50},[44,79889,55],{"class":54},[44,79891,3273],{"class":58},[44,79893,207],{"class":206},[44,79895,72],{"class":58},[44,79897,212],{"class":206},[44,79899,72],{"class":58},[44,79901,217],{"class":206},[44,79903,3286],{"class":58},[44,79905,79906,79908,79910,79912,79914,79916,79918,79920],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,79907,604],{"class":50},[44,79909,55],{"class":54},[44,79911,79638],{"class":135},[44,79913,121],{"class":58},[44,79915,3092],{"class":2546},[44,79917,72],{"class":58},[44,79919,3912],{"class":117},[44,79921,100],{"class":58},[44,79923,79924],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,79925,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,79927,79928,79930,79932,79934,79936,79938],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,79929,136],{"class":135},[44,79931,121],{"class":58},[44,79933,7742],{"class":2546},[44,79935,121],{"class":58},[44,79937,632],{"class":117},[44,79939,244],{"class":58},[20,79941,247],{},[35,79943,79945],{"className":37,"code":79944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79946,79947],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,79948,79949,79951,79953,79955,79957,79959,79961,79963,79965,79967,79969,79971,79973],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,79950,1271],{"class":58},[44,79952,2948],{"class":62},[44,79954,207],{"class":66},[44,79956,2948],{"class":62},[44,79958,72],{"class":58},[44,79960,2943],{"class":62},[44,79962,241],{"class":66},[44,79964,2948],{"class":62},[44,79966,72],{"class":58},[44,79968,2943],{"class":62},[44,79970,36479],{"class":66},[44,79972,2948],{"class":62},[44,79974,3286],{"class":58},[20,79976,11333],{},[169,79978,79979,79984,79992,80000,80008],{},[172,79980,79981,79983],{},[15,79982,232],{}," contains integers",[172,79985,79986,79989,79990],{},[15,79987,79988],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79991,47321],{},[172,79993,79994,41791,79997],{},[15,79995,79996],{},"str(10)",[15,79998,79999],{},"'10'",[172,80001,80002,41791,80005],{},[15,80003,80004],{},"str(20)",[15,80006,80007],{},"'20'",[172,80009,80010,41791,80013],{},[15,80011,80012],{},"str(30)",[15,80014,80015],{},"'30'",[20,80017,53289,80018,80020,80021,80023],{},[15,80019,39353],{}," applies ",[15,80022,47321],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80025,80026,80027,80029,80030,114],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80028,24421],{}," better, see ",[270,80031,3225,80032,3158],{"href":64479},[15,80033,24421],{},[30,80035,895,80037,80039],{"id":80036},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80038,39353],{}," with your own function",[20,80041,15362,80042,80044],{},[15,80043,39353],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[35,80046,80048],{"className":37,"code":80047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80049,80050,80063,80073,80077,80101,80120,80124],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80051,80052,80054,80057,80059,80061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80053,34493],{"class":1716},[44,80055,80056],{"class":34496}," double",[44,80058,121],{"class":58},[44,80060,1823],{"class":37299},[44,80062,7991],{"class":58},[44,80064,80065,80067,80069,80071],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80066,34504],{"class":805},[44,80068,3530],{"class":50},[44,80070,39509],{"class":54},[44,80072,45227],{"class":206},[44,80074,80075],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80076,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80078,80079,80081,80083,80085,80087,80089,80091,80093,80095,80097,80099],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,80080,199],{"class":50},[44,80082,55],{"class":54},[44,80084,3273],{"class":58},[44,80086,1133],{"class":206},[44,80088,72],{"class":58},[44,80090,488],{"class":206},[44,80092,72],{"class":58},[44,80094,524],{"class":206},[44,80096,72],{"class":58},[44,80098,1114],{"class":206},[44,80100,3286],{"class":58},[44,80102,80103,80105,80107,80109,80111,80114,80116,80118],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,80104,604],{"class":50},[44,80106,55],{"class":54},[44,80108,79638],{"class":135},[44,80110,121],{"class":58},[44,80112,80113],{"class":117},"double",[44,80115,72],{"class":58},[44,80117,3912],{"class":117},[44,80119,100],{"class":58},[44,80121,80122],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,80123,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80125,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,80127,136],{"class":135},[44,80129,121],{"class":58},[44,80131,7742],{"class":2546},[44,80133,121],{"class":58},[44,80135,632],{"class":117},[44,80137,244],{"class":58},[20,80139,247],{},[35,80141,80142],{"className":37,"code":39522,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,80143,80144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80145,80146,80148,80150,80152,80154,80156,80158,80160,80162],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80147,1271],{"class":58},[44,80149,1137],{"class":206},[44,80151,72],{"class":58},[44,80153,1114],{"class":206},[44,80155,72],{"class":58},[44,80157,37280],{"class":206},[44,80159,72],{"class":58},[44,80161,6008],{"class":206},[44,80163,3286],{"class":58},[20,80165,65209],{},[169,80167,80168,80175,80181],{},[172,80169,80170,80172,80173],{},[15,80171,39353],{}," takes the function ",[15,80174,80113],{},[172,80176,80177,80178,80180],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80179,232],{}," into that function",[172,80182,80183],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80185,80186],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[169,80188,80189,80196,80203,80211],{},[172,80190,80191,5720,80194],{},[15,80192,80193],{},"double(1)",[15,80195,1137],{},[172,80197,80198,5720,80201],{},[15,80199,80200],{},"double(2)",[15,80202,1145],{},[172,80204,80205,5720,80208],{},[15,80206,80207],{},"double(3)",[15,80209,80210],{},"6",[172,80212,80213,5720,80216],{},[15,80214,80215],{},"double(4)",[15,80217,1992],{},[30,80219,895,80221,80223],{"id":80220},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80222,39353],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80225,80226,80228],{},[15,80227,39353],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80230,80231],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80233,189],{},[35,80235,80237],{"className":37,"code":80236,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80238,80239,80256,80266,80270,80291,80312,80316,80341,80345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80240,80241,80243,80246,80248,80250,80252,80254],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80242,34493],{"class":1716},[44,80244,80245],{"class":34496}," add_numbers",[44,80247,121],{"class":58},[44,80249,270],{"class":37299},[44,80251,72],{"class":58},[44,80253,2203],{"class":37299},[44,80255,7991],{"class":58},[44,80257,80258,80260,80262,80264],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80259,34504],{"class":805},[44,80261,44182],{"class":50},[44,80263,1711],{"class":54},[44,80265,35821],{"class":50},[44,80267,80268],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80269,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80271,80272,80275,80277,80279,80281,80283,80285,80287,80289],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,80273,80274],{"class":50},"list1 ",[44,80276,55],{"class":54},[44,80278,3273],{"class":58},[44,80280,1133],{"class":206},[44,80282,72],{"class":58},[44,80284,488],{"class":206},[44,80286,72],{"class":58},[44,80288,524],{"class":206},[44,80290,3286],{"class":58},[44,80292,80293,80296,80298,80300,80302,80304,80306,80308,80310],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,80294,80295],{"class":50},"list2 ",[44,80297,55],{"class":54},[44,80299,3273],{"class":58},[44,80301,207],{"class":206},[44,80303,72],{"class":58},[44,80305,212],{"class":206},[44,80307,72],{"class":58},[44,80309,217],{"class":206},[44,80311,3286],{"class":58},[44,80313,80314],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,80315,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80317,80318,80320,80322,80324,80326,80329,80331,80334,80336,80339],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,80319,604],{"class":50},[44,80321,55],{"class":54},[44,80323,79638],{"class":135},[44,80325,121],{"class":58},[44,80327,80328],{"class":117},"add_numbers",[44,80330,72],{"class":58},[44,80332,80333],{"class":117}," list1",[44,80335,72],{"class":58},[44,80337,80338],{"class":117}," list2",[44,80340,100],{"class":58},[44,80342,80343],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,80344,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80346,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,80348,136],{"class":135},[44,80350,121],{"class":58},[44,80352,7742],{"class":2546},[44,80354,121],{"class":58},[44,80356,632],{"class":117},[44,80358,244],{"class":58},[20,80360,247],{},[35,80362,80364],{"className":37,"code":80363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80365,80366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80367,80368,80370,80373,80375,80378,80380,80383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80369,1271],{"class":58},[44,80371,80372],{"class":206},"11",[44,80374,72],{"class":58},[44,80376,80377],{"class":206}," 22",[44,80379,72],{"class":58},[44,80381,80382],{"class":206}," 33",[44,80384,3286],{"class":58},[20,80386,1282],{},[169,80388,80389,80395,80401],{},[172,80390,80391,80392],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80393,80394],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[172,80396,80397,80398],{},"then ",[15,80399,80400],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[172,80402,80397,80403],{},[15,80404,80405],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[338,80407,80409,80411],{"id":80408},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80410,39353],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80413,80414,80415,80417],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80416,39353],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[35,80419,80421],{"className":37,"code":80420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80422,80423,80439,80449,80453,80477,80493,80497,80519,80523],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80424,80425,80427,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80426,34493],{"class":1716},[44,80428,80245],{"class":34496},[44,80430,121],{"class":58},[44,80432,270],{"class":37299},[44,80434,72],{"class":58},[44,80436,2203],{"class":37299},[44,80438,7991],{"class":58},[44,80440,80441,80443,80445,80447],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80442,34504],{"class":805},[44,80444,44182],{"class":50},[44,80446,1711],{"class":54},[44,80448,35821],{"class":50},[44,80450,80451],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80452,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80454,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465,80467,80469,80471,80473,80475],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,80456,80274],{"class":50},[44,80458,55],{"class":54},[44,80460,3273],{"class":58},[44,80462,1133],{"class":206},[44,80464,72],{"class":58},[44,80466,488],{"class":206},[44,80468,72],{"class":58},[44,80470,524],{"class":206},[44,80472,72],{"class":58},[44,80474,1114],{"class":206},[44,80476,3286],{"class":58},[44,80478,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,80480,80295],{"class":50},[44,80482,55],{"class":54},[44,80484,3273],{"class":58},[44,80486,207],{"class":206},[44,80488,72],{"class":58},[44,80490,212],{"class":206},[44,80492,3286],{"class":58},[44,80494,80495],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,80496,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80498,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509,80511,80513,80515,80517],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,80500,604],{"class":50},[44,80502,55],{"class":54},[44,80504,79638],{"class":135},[44,80506,121],{"class":58},[44,80508,80328],{"class":117},[44,80510,72],{"class":58},[44,80512,80333],{"class":117},[44,80514,72],{"class":58},[44,80516,80338],{"class":117},[44,80518,100],{"class":58},[44,80520,80521],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,80522,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80524,80525,80527,80529,80531,80533,80535],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,80526,136],{"class":135},[44,80528,121],{"class":58},[44,80530,7742],{"class":2546},[44,80532,121],{"class":58},[44,80534,632],{"class":117},[44,80536,244],{"class":58},[20,80538,247],{},[35,80540,80542],{"className":37,"code":80541,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80543,80544],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80545,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80547,1271],{"class":58},[44,80549,80372],{"class":206},[44,80551,72],{"class":58},[44,80553,80377],{"class":206},[44,80555,3286],{"class":58},[20,80557,80558,80559,80562],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80560,80561],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[30,80564,80566,80568],{"id":80565},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80567,39353],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80570,37660,80571,80573],{},[15,80572,39353],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80575,80576,80577,80580],{},"This object is ",[367,80578,80579],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[338,80582,2133,80584,80586],{"id":80583},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80585,32668],{}," looks strange",[20,80588,33283],{},[35,80590,80592],{"className":37,"code":80591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80593,80594,80614,80632,80636],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80595,80596,80598,80600,80602,80604,80606,80608,80610,80612],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80597,199],{"class":50},[44,80599,55],{"class":54},[44,80601,3273],{"class":58},[44,80603,1133],{"class":206},[44,80605,72],{"class":58},[44,80607,488],{"class":206},[44,80609,72],{"class":58},[44,80611,524],{"class":206},[44,80613,3286],{"class":58},[44,80615,80616,80618,80620,80622,80624,80626,80628,80630],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80617,604],{"class":50},[44,80619,55],{"class":54},[44,80621,79638],{"class":135},[44,80623,121],{"class":58},[44,80625,3092],{"class":2546},[44,80627,72],{"class":58},[44,80629,3912],{"class":117},[44,80631,100],{"class":58},[44,80633,80634],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80635,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80637,80638,80640,80642,80644],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,80639,136],{"class":135},[44,80641,121],{"class":58},[44,80643,632],{"class":117},[44,80645,100],{"class":58},[20,80647,80648],{},"Output will look something like this:",[35,80650,80652],{"className":37,"code":80651,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80653,80654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80655,80656,80658,80660,80662,80664,80666,80668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80657,2937],{"class":54},[44,80659,39496],{"class":135},[44,80661,24257],{"class":2546},[44,80663,37000],{"class":50},[44,80665,37004],{"class":37003},[44,80667,37007],{"class":34094},[44,80669,2951],{"class":54},[20,80671,80672],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80674,80675],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[35,80677,80679],{"className":37,"code":80678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80680,80681,80701,80719,80723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80682,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691,80693,80695,80697,80699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80684,199],{"class":50},[44,80686,55],{"class":54},[44,80688,3273],{"class":58},[44,80690,1133],{"class":206},[44,80692,72],{"class":58},[44,80694,488],{"class":206},[44,80696,72],{"class":58},[44,80698,524],{"class":206},[44,80700,3286],{"class":58},[44,80702,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711,80713,80715,80717],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80704,604],{"class":50},[44,80706,55],{"class":54},[44,80708,79638],{"class":135},[44,80710,121],{"class":58},[44,80712,3092],{"class":2546},[44,80714,72],{"class":58},[44,80716,3912],{"class":117},[44,80718,100],{"class":58},[44,80720,80721],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80722,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80724,80725,80727,80729,80731,80733,80735],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,80726,136],{"class":135},[44,80728,121],{"class":58},[44,80730,7742],{"class":2546},[44,80732,121],{"class":58},[44,80734,632],{"class":117},[44,80736,244],{"class":58},[20,80738,247],{},[35,80740,80742],{"className":37,"code":80741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80743,80744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80745,80746,80748,80750,80752,80754,80756,80758,80760,80762,80764,80766,80768,80770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80747,1271],{"class":58},[44,80749,2948],{"class":62},[44,80751,1133],{"class":66},[44,80753,2948],{"class":62},[44,80755,72],{"class":58},[44,80757,2943],{"class":62},[44,80759,1137],{"class":66},[44,80761,2948],{"class":62},[44,80763,72],{"class":58},[44,80765,2943],{"class":62},[44,80767,1141],{"class":66},[44,80769,2948],{"class":62},[44,80771,3286],{"class":58},[338,80773,80775],{"id":80774},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[35,80777,80779],{"className":37,"code":80778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80780,80781,80801,80819,80823,80836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80782,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791,80793,80795,80797,80799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80784,199],{"class":50},[44,80786,55],{"class":54},[44,80788,3273],{"class":58},[44,80790,1133],{"class":206},[44,80792,72],{"class":58},[44,80794,488],{"class":206},[44,80796,72],{"class":58},[44,80798,524],{"class":206},[44,80800,3286],{"class":58},[44,80802,80803,80805,80807,80809,80811,80813,80815,80817],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80804,604],{"class":50},[44,80806,55],{"class":54},[44,80808,79638],{"class":135},[44,80810,121],{"class":58},[44,80812,3092],{"class":2546},[44,80814,72],{"class":58},[44,80816,3912],{"class":117},[44,80818,100],{"class":58},[44,80820,80821],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80822,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80824,80825,80827,80829,80831,80834],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,80826,5606],{"class":805},[44,80828,5609],{"class":50},[44,80830,1383],{"class":805},[44,80832,80833],{"class":50}," result",[44,80835,820],{"class":58},[44,80837,80838,80840,80842,80844],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,80839,825],{"class":135},[44,80841,121],{"class":58},[44,80843,22950],{"class":117},[44,80845,100],{"class":58},[20,80847,247],{},[35,80849,80851],{"className":37,"code":80850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80852,80853,80857,80861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80854,80855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80856,250],{"class":206},[44,80858,80859],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80860,1121],{"class":206},[44,80862,80863],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80864,46255],{"class":206},[338,80866,80868],{"id":80867},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80870,80871],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[35,80873,80875],{"className":37,"code":80874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80876,80877,80897,80915,80919,80933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80878,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887,80889,80891,80893,80895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80880,199],{"class":50},[44,80882,55],{"class":54},[44,80884,3273],{"class":58},[44,80886,1133],{"class":206},[44,80888,72],{"class":58},[44,80890,488],{"class":206},[44,80892,72],{"class":58},[44,80894,524],{"class":206},[44,80896,3286],{"class":58},[44,80898,80899,80901,80903,80905,80907,80909,80911,80913],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80900,604],{"class":50},[44,80902,55],{"class":54},[44,80904,79638],{"class":135},[44,80906,121],{"class":58},[44,80908,3092],{"class":2546},[44,80910,72],{"class":58},[44,80912,3912],{"class":117},[44,80914,100],{"class":58},[44,80916,80917],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,80918,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,80920,80921,80923,80925,80927,80929,80931],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,80922,136],{"class":135},[44,80924,121],{"class":58},[44,80926,7742],{"class":2546},[44,80928,121],{"class":58},[44,80930,632],{"class":117},[44,80932,244],{"class":58},[44,80934,80935,80937,80939,80941,80943,80945],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,80936,136],{"class":135},[44,80938,121],{"class":58},[44,80940,7742],{"class":2546},[44,80942,121],{"class":58},[44,80944,632],{"class":117},[44,80946,244],{"class":58},[20,80948,247],{},[35,80950,80952],{"className":37,"code":80951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80953,80954,80982],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80955,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974,80976,80978,80980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,80957,1271],{"class":58},[44,80959,2948],{"class":62},[44,80961,1133],{"class":66},[44,80963,2948],{"class":62},[44,80965,72],{"class":58},[44,80967,2943],{"class":62},[44,80969,1137],{"class":66},[44,80971,2948],{"class":62},[44,80973,72],{"class":58},[44,80975,2943],{"class":62},[44,80977,1141],{"class":66},[44,80979,2948],{"class":62},[44,80981,3286],{"class":58},[44,80983,80984],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,80985,37934],{"class":58},[20,80987,80988],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80990,80991],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[35,80993,80995],{"className":37,"code":80994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80996,80997,81017,81039,81043,81053],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,80998,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011,81013,81015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81000,199],{"class":50},[44,81002,55],{"class":54},[44,81004,3273],{"class":58},[44,81006,1133],{"class":206},[44,81008,72],{"class":58},[44,81010,488],{"class":206},[44,81012,72],{"class":58},[44,81014,524],{"class":206},[44,81016,3286],{"class":58},[44,81018,81019,81021,81023,81025,81027,81029,81031,81033,81035,81037],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81020,604],{"class":50},[44,81022,55],{"class":54},[44,81024,22199],{"class":2546},[44,81026,121],{"class":58},[44,81028,39496],{"class":135},[44,81030,121],{"class":58},[44,81032,3092],{"class":2546},[44,81034,72],{"class":58},[44,81036,3912],{"class":117},[44,81038,244],{"class":58},[44,81040,81041],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81042,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81044,81045,81047,81049,81051],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,81046,136],{"class":135},[44,81048,121],{"class":58},[44,81050,632],{"class":117},[44,81052,100],{"class":58},[44,81054,81055,81057,81059,81061],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,81056,136],{"class":135},[44,81058,121],{"class":58},[44,81060,632],{"class":117},[44,81062,100],{"class":58},[20,81064,247],{},[35,81066,81068],{"className":37,"code":81067,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81069,81070,81098],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81071,81072,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81073,1271],{"class":58},[44,81075,2948],{"class":62},[44,81077,1133],{"class":66},[44,81079,2948],{"class":62},[44,81081,72],{"class":58},[44,81083,2943],{"class":62},[44,81085,1137],{"class":66},[44,81087,2948],{"class":62},[44,81089,72],{"class":58},[44,81091,2943],{"class":62},[44,81093,1141],{"class":66},[44,81095,2948],{"class":62},[44,81097,3286],{"class":58},[44,81099,81100,81102,81104,81106,81108,81110,81112,81114,81116,81118,81120,81122,81124],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81101,1271],{"class":58},[44,81103,2948],{"class":62},[44,81105,1133],{"class":66},[44,81107,2948],{"class":62},[44,81109,72],{"class":58},[44,81111,2943],{"class":62},[44,81113,1137],{"class":66},[44,81115,2948],{"class":62},[44,81117,72],{"class":58},[44,81119,2943],{"class":62},[44,81121,1141],{"class":66},[44,81123,2948],{"class":62},[44,81125,3286],{"class":58},[30,81127,4609,81129],{"id":81128},"when-to-use-map",[15,81130,39353],{},[20,81132,81133,81135],{},[15,81134,39353],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81137,81138],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[169,81140,81141,81145,81149],{},[172,81142,81143],{},[15,81144,3092],{},[172,81146,81147],{},[15,81148,1837],{},[172,81150,81151],{},[15,81152,1669],{},[20,81154,189],{},[35,81156,81158],{"className":37,"code":81157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81159,81160,81192,81214,81218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81161,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81163,922],{"class":50},[44,81165,55],{"class":54},[44,81167,3273],{"class":58},[44,81169,2948],{"class":62},[44,81171,1133],{"class":66},[44,81173,2948],{"class":62},[44,81175,72],{"class":58},[44,81177,2943],{"class":62},[44,81179,1137],{"class":66},[44,81181,2948],{"class":62},[44,81183,72],{"class":58},[44,81185,2943],{"class":62},[44,81187,1141],{"class":66},[44,81189,2948],{"class":62},[44,81191,3286],{"class":58},[44,81193,81194,81196,81198,81200,81202,81204,81206,81208,81210,81212],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81195,199],{"class":50},[44,81197,55],{"class":54},[44,81199,22199],{"class":2546},[44,81201,121],{"class":58},[44,81203,39496],{"class":135},[44,81205,121],{"class":58},[44,81207,1837],{"class":2546},[44,81209,72],{"class":58},[44,81211,3535],{"class":117},[44,81213,244],{"class":58},[44,81215,81216],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81217,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81219,81220,81222,81224,81226],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,81221,136],{"class":135},[44,81223,121],{"class":58},[44,81225,232],{"class":117},[44,81227,100],{"class":58},[20,81229,247],{},[35,81231,81232],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81233,81234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81235,81236,81238,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81237,1271],{"class":58},[44,81239,1133],{"class":206},[44,81241,72],{"class":58},[44,81243,488],{"class":206},[44,81245,72],{"class":58},[44,81247,524],{"class":206},[44,81249,3286],{"class":58},[20,81251,81252],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81254,81255],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[35,81257,81259],{"className":37,"code":81258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81260,81261,81281,81303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81262,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275,81277,81279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81264,199],{"class":50},[44,81266,55],{"class":54},[44,81268,3273],{"class":58},[44,81270,1133],{"class":206},[44,81272,72],{"class":58},[44,81274,488],{"class":206},[44,81276,72],{"class":58},[44,81278,524],{"class":206},[44,81280,3286],{"class":58},[44,81282,81283,81285,81287,81289,81291,81293,81295,81297,81299,81301],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81284,604],{"class":50},[44,81286,55],{"class":54},[44,81288,22199],{"class":2546},[44,81290,121],{"class":58},[44,81292,39496],{"class":135},[44,81294,121],{"class":58},[44,81296,3092],{"class":2546},[44,81298,72],{"class":58},[44,81300,3912],{"class":117},[44,81302,244],{"class":58},[44,81304,81305,81307,81309,81311],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81306,136],{"class":135},[44,81308,121],{"class":58},[44,81310,632],{"class":117},[44,81312,100],{"class":58},[35,81314,81316],{"className":37,"code":81315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81317,81318,81338,81365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81319,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81332,81334,81336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81321,199],{"class":50},[44,81323,55],{"class":54},[44,81325,3273],{"class":58},[44,81327,1133],{"class":206},[44,81329,72],{"class":58},[44,81331,488],{"class":206},[44,81333,72],{"class":58},[44,81335,524],{"class":206},[44,81337,3286],{"class":58},[44,81339,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352,81354,81356,81359,81361,81363],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81341,604],{"class":50},[44,81343,55],{"class":54},[44,81345,3273],{"class":58},[44,81347,3092],{"class":2546},[44,81349,121],{"class":58},[44,81351,75647],{"class":117},[44,81353,144],{"class":58},[44,81355,3527],{"class":805},[44,81357,81358],{"class":50}," n ",[44,81360,1383],{"class":805},[44,81362,3912],{"class":50},[44,81364,3286],{"class":58},[44,81366,81367,81369,81371,81373],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81368,136],{"class":135},[44,81370,121],{"class":58},[44,81372,632],{"class":117},[44,81374,100],{"class":58},[20,81376,81377],{},"Both produce:",[35,81379,81380],{"className":37,"code":80741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81381,81382],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81383,81384,81386,81388,81390,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402,81404,81406,81408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81385,1271],{"class":58},[44,81387,2948],{"class":62},[44,81389,1133],{"class":66},[44,81391,2948],{"class":62},[44,81393,72],{"class":58},[44,81395,2943],{"class":62},[44,81397,1137],{"class":66},[44,81399,2948],{"class":62},[44,81401,72],{"class":58},[44,81403,2943],{"class":62},[44,81405,1141],{"class":66},[44,81407,2948],{"class":62},[44,81409,3286],{"class":58},[20,81411,81412],{},"A simple rule:",[169,81414,81415,81420,81425],{},[172,81416,39627,81417,81419],{},[15,81418,39353],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[172,81421,39633,81422,81424],{},[15,81423,5606],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[172,81426,81427],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81429,81430,81431,114],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[270,81432,4042],{"href":4041},[30,81434,4168],{"id":4167},[338,81436,81438,81439],{"id":81437},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81440,24421],{},[20,81442,81443],{},"This is very common:",[35,81445,81446],{"className":37,"code":80591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81447,81448,81468,81486,81490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81449,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81451,199],{"class":50},[44,81453,55],{"class":54},[44,81455,3273],{"class":58},[44,81457,1133],{"class":206},[44,81459,72],{"class":58},[44,81461,488],{"class":206},[44,81463,72],{"class":58},[44,81465,524],{"class":206},[44,81467,3286],{"class":58},[44,81469,81470,81472,81474,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81471,604],{"class":50},[44,81473,55],{"class":54},[44,81475,79638],{"class":135},[44,81477,121],{"class":58},[44,81479,3092],{"class":2546},[44,81481,72],{"class":58},[44,81483,3912],{"class":117},[44,81485,100],{"class":58},[44,81487,81488],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81489,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81491,81492,81494,81496,81498],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,81493,136],{"class":135},[44,81495,121],{"class":58},[44,81497,632],{"class":117},[44,81499,100],{"class":58},[20,81501,81502],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81504,38899],{},[35,81506,81508],{"className":37,"code":81507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81509,81510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81511,81512,81514,81516,81518,81520,81522],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81513,136],{"class":135},[44,81515,121],{"class":58},[44,81517,7742],{"class":2546},[44,81519,121],{"class":58},[44,81521,632],{"class":117},[44,81523,244],{"class":58},[338,81525,81527],{"id":81526},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81529,16291],{},[35,81531,81533],{"className":37,"code":81532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81534,81535,81555],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81536,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81538,199],{"class":50},[44,81540,55],{"class":54},[44,81542,3273],{"class":58},[44,81544,1133],{"class":206},[44,81546,72],{"class":58},[44,81548,488],{"class":206},[44,81550,72],{"class":58},[44,81552,524],{"class":206},[44,81554,3286],{"class":58},[44,81556,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81570,81572],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81558,604],{"class":50},[44,81560,55],{"class":54},[44,81562,79638],{"class":135},[44,81564,121],{"class":58},[44,81566,3092],{"class":2546},[44,81568,81569],{"class":58},"(),",[44,81571,3912],{"class":117},[44,81573,100],{"class":58},[20,81575,81576,81577,81579,81580,81582],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81578,47321],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81581,39353],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81584,16303],{},[35,81586,81587],{"className":37,"code":80678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81588,81589,81609,81627,81631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81590,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599,81601,81603,81605,81607],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81592,199],{"class":50},[44,81594,55],{"class":54},[44,81596,3273],{"class":58},[44,81598,1133],{"class":206},[44,81600,72],{"class":58},[44,81602,488],{"class":206},[44,81604,72],{"class":58},[44,81606,524],{"class":206},[44,81608,3286],{"class":58},[44,81610,81611,81613,81615,81617,81619,81621,81623,81625],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81612,604],{"class":50},[44,81614,55],{"class":54},[44,81616,79638],{"class":135},[44,81618,121],{"class":58},[44,81620,3092],{"class":2546},[44,81622,72],{"class":58},[44,81624,3912],{"class":117},[44,81626,100],{"class":58},[44,81628,81629],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81630,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81632,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,81634,136],{"class":135},[44,81636,121],{"class":58},[44,81638,7742],{"class":2546},[44,81640,121],{"class":58},[44,81642,632],{"class":117},[44,81644,244],{"class":58},[338,81646,81648],{"id":81647},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81650,81651],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81653,16291],{},[35,81655,81657],{"className":37,"code":81656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81658,81659,81676,81686,81690,81710,81729,81733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81660,81661,81663,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81662,34493],{"class":1716},[44,81664,81665],{"class":34496}," add",[44,81667,121],{"class":58},[44,81669,270],{"class":37299},[44,81671,72],{"class":58},[44,81673,2203],{"class":37299},[44,81675,7991],{"class":58},[44,81677,81678,81680,81682,81684],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81679,34504],{"class":805},[44,81681,44182],{"class":50},[44,81683,1711],{"class":54},[44,81685,35821],{"class":50},[44,81687,81688],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81689,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81691,81692,81694,81696,81698,81700,81702,81704,81706,81708],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,81693,199],{"class":50},[44,81695,55],{"class":54},[44,81697,3273],{"class":58},[44,81699,1133],{"class":206},[44,81701,72],{"class":58},[44,81703,488],{"class":206},[44,81705,72],{"class":58},[44,81707,524],{"class":206},[44,81709,3286],{"class":58},[44,81711,81712,81714,81716,81718,81720,81723,81725,81727],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,81713,604],{"class":50},[44,81715,55],{"class":54},[44,81717,79638],{"class":135},[44,81719,121],{"class":58},[44,81721,81722],{"class":117},"add",[44,81724,72],{"class":58},[44,81726,3912],{"class":117},[44,81728,100],{"class":58},[44,81730,81731],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,81732,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81734,81735,81737,81739,81741,81743,81745],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,81736,136],{"class":135},[44,81738,121],{"class":58},[44,81740,7742],{"class":2546},[44,81742,121],{"class":58},[44,81744,632],{"class":117},[44,81746,244],{"class":58},[20,81748,16303],{},[35,81750,81752],{"className":37,"code":81751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81753,81754,81770,81780,81784,81804,81824,81846,81850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81755,81756,81758,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81757,34493],{"class":1716},[44,81759,81665],{"class":34496},[44,81761,121],{"class":58},[44,81763,270],{"class":37299},[44,81765,72],{"class":58},[44,81767,2203],{"class":37299},[44,81769,7991],{"class":58},[44,81771,81772,81774,81776,81778],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81773,34504],{"class":805},[44,81775,44182],{"class":50},[44,81777,1711],{"class":54},[44,81779,35821],{"class":50},[44,81781,81782],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81783,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81785,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796,81798,81800,81802],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,81787,80274],{"class":50},[44,81789,55],{"class":54},[44,81791,3273],{"class":58},[44,81793,1133],{"class":206},[44,81795,72],{"class":58},[44,81797,488],{"class":206},[44,81799,72],{"class":58},[44,81801,524],{"class":206},[44,81803,3286],{"class":58},[44,81805,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818,81820,81822],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,81807,80295],{"class":50},[44,81809,55],{"class":54},[44,81811,3273],{"class":58},[44,81813,207],{"class":206},[44,81815,72],{"class":58},[44,81817,212],{"class":206},[44,81819,72],{"class":58},[44,81821,217],{"class":206},[44,81823,3286],{"class":58},[44,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836,81838,81840,81842,81844],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,81827,604],{"class":50},[44,81829,55],{"class":54},[44,81831,79638],{"class":135},[44,81833,121],{"class":58},[44,81835,81722],{"class":117},[44,81837,72],{"class":58},[44,81839,80333],{"class":117},[44,81841,72],{"class":58},[44,81843,80338],{"class":117},[44,81845,100],{"class":58},[44,81847,81848],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,81849,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81851,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,81853,136],{"class":135},[44,81855,121],{"class":58},[44,81857,7742],{"class":2546},[44,81859,121],{"class":58},[44,81861,632],{"class":117},[44,81863,244],{"class":58},[338,81865,81867],{"id":81866},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81869,16291],{},[35,81871,81872],{"className":37,"code":80874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,81873,81874,81894,81912,81916,81930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81875,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884,81886,81888,81890,81892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81877,199],{"class":50},[44,81879,55],{"class":54},[44,81881,3273],{"class":58},[44,81883,1133],{"class":206},[44,81885,72],{"class":58},[44,81887,488],{"class":206},[44,81889,72],{"class":58},[44,81891,524],{"class":206},[44,81893,3286],{"class":58},[44,81895,81896,81898,81900,81902,81904,81906,81908,81910],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81897,604],{"class":50},[44,81899,55],{"class":54},[44,81901,79638],{"class":135},[44,81903,121],{"class":58},[44,81905,3092],{"class":2546},[44,81907,72],{"class":58},[44,81909,3912],{"class":117},[44,81911,100],{"class":58},[44,81913,81914],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81915,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,81917,81918,81920,81922,81924,81926,81928],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,81919,136],{"class":135},[44,81921,121],{"class":58},[44,81923,7742],{"class":2546},[44,81925,121],{"class":58},[44,81927,632],{"class":117},[44,81929,244],{"class":58},[44,81931,81932,81934,81936,81938,81940,81942],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,81933,136],{"class":135},[44,81935,121],{"class":58},[44,81937,7742],{"class":2546},[44,81939,121],{"class":58},[44,81941,632],{"class":117},[44,81943,244],{"class":58},[20,81945,81946],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81948,81949],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[30,81951,67512],{"id":67511},[20,81953,8525,81954,81956],{},[15,81955,39353],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,81958,81960],{"className":37,"code":81959,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81961,81962,81972,81986,82000,82012],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,81963,81964,81966,81968,81970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,81965,136],{"class":135},[44,81967,121],{"class":58},[44,81969,632],{"class":117},[44,81971,100],{"class":58},[44,81973,81974,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,81975,136],{"class":135},[44,81977,121],{"class":58},[44,81979,7742],{"class":2546},[44,81981,121],{"class":58},[44,81983,632],{"class":117},[44,81985,244],{"class":58},[44,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994,81996,81998],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,81989,136],{"class":135},[44,81991,121],{"class":58},[44,81993,2868],{"class":2546},[44,81995,121],{"class":58},[44,81997,632],{"class":117},[44,81999,244],{"class":58},[44,82001,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,82003,5606],{"class":805},[44,82005,5609],{"class":50},[44,82007,1383],{"class":805},[44,82009,80833],{"class":50},[44,82011,820],{"class":58},[44,82013,82014,82016,82018,82020],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,82015,825],{"class":135},[44,82017,121],{"class":58},[44,82019,22950],{"class":117},[44,82021,100],{"class":58},[20,82023,12323],{},[169,82025,82026,82031,82036,82042],{},[172,82027,82028,82030],{},[15,82029,32668],{}," shows that you have a map object",[172,82032,82033,82035],{},[15,82034,32676],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[172,82037,82038,82041],{},[15,82039,82040],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[172,82043,82044,82045,82047],{},"looping over ",[15,82046,632],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82049,82050,82051,82054,82055,82057],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82052,82053],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82056,5606],{}," loop consume the map object.",[30,82059,1497],{"id":1496},[338,82061,12355,82063,82065],{"id":82062},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82064,39353],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82067,82068,82069,82071,82072,23578],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82070,39353],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82073,82074],{},"list(map(...))",[338,82076,1540,82078,82080,82081,82083],{"id":82077},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82079,39353],{}," better than a ",[15,82082,5606],{}," loop?",[20,82085,82086,82087,82089,82090,82092],{},"Not always. ",[15,82088,39353],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82091,5606],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[338,82094,4818,82096,82098],{"id":82095},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82097,39353],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82100,82101],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[338,82103,82105],{"id":82104},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82107,82108],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[30,82110,1554],{"id":1553},[169,82112,82113,82119,82125,82129,82133],{},[172,82114,82115],{},[270,82116,3225,82117,3158],{"href":39722},[15,82118,37212],{},[172,82120,82121],{},[270,82122,3225,82123,3158],{"href":64479},[15,82124,24421],{},[172,82126,82127],{},[270,82128,4870],{"href":4780},[172,82130,82131],{},[270,82132,4875],{"href":4041},[172,82134,82135],{},[270,82136,4865],{"href":4784},[1583,82138,82139],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":82141},[82142,82143,82145,82146,82147,82149,82154,82161,82163,82170,82171,82180],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":79717,"depth":103,"text":82144},"What map() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":80036,"depth":103,"text":82148},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80220,"depth":103,"text":82150,"children":82151},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82152],{"id":80408,"depth":132,"text":82153},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80565,"depth":103,"text":82155,"children":82156},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82157,82159,82160],{"id":80583,"depth":132,"text":82158},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80774,"depth":132,"text":80775},{"id":80867,"depth":132,"text":80868},{"id":81128,"depth":103,"text":82162},"When to use map()",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":82164},[82165,82167,82168,82169],{"id":81437,"depth":132,"text":82166},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81526,"depth":132,"text":81527},{"id":81647,"depth":132,"text":81648},{"id":81866,"depth":132,"text":81867},{"id":67511,"depth":103,"text":67512},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":82172},[82173,82175,82177,82179],{"id":82062,"depth":132,"text":82174},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82077,"depth":132,"text":82176},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82095,"depth":132,"text":82178},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82104,"depth":132,"text":82105},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79549,"description":82181},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82188,"title":82189,"body":82190,"description":84209,"extension":1616,"meta":84210,"navigation":434,"path":84211,"seo":84212,"stem":84213,"__hash__":84214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82191,"toc":84167},[82192,82198,82203,82206,82214,82217,82219,82343,82345,82363,82365,82385,82390,82394,82408,82411,82414,82416,82421,82533,82536,82554,82560,82563,82625,82627,82636,82639,82653,82655,82703,82705,82714,82724,82730,82733,82760,82762,82770,82773,82776,82846,82848,82856,82859,82864,82869,82920,82922,82930,82933,82935,82952,82954,83006,83009,83015,83019,83024,83027,83031,83090,83092,83101,83107,83116,83120,83183,83185,83193,83198,83202,83207,83287,83289,83298,83305,83310,83315,83318,83353,83355,83363,83366,83372,83374,83424,83426,83435,83438,83456,83458,83463,83469,83476,83503,83505,83528,83533,83568,83573,83579,83584,83627,83630,83633,83672,83679,83685,83690,83705,83709,83716,83719,83723,83728,83732,83737,83739,83800,83802,83831,83836,83843,83852,83854,83857,83882,83884,83987,83990,84008,84016,84018,84023,84026,84032,84035,84037,84047,84053,84057,84115,84122,84130,84132,84164],[10,82193,3225,82195,3229],{"id":82194},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82196,82197],{},"max()",[20,82199,8773,82200,82202],{},[15,82201,82197],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82204,82205],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[169,82207,82208,82211],{},[172,82209,82210],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[172,82212,82213],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82215,82216],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[30,82218,33],{"id":32},[35,82220,82222],{"className":37,"code":82221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82223,82224,82248,82263,82267,82293,82297,82329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82225,82226,82228,82230,82232,82234,82236,82238,82240,82242,82244,82246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82227,199],{"class":50},[44,82229,55],{"class":54},[44,82231,3273],{"class":58},[44,82233,1141],{"class":206},[44,82235,72],{"class":58},[44,82237,6008],{"class":206},[44,82239,72],{"class":58},[44,82241,488],{"class":206},[44,82243,72],{"class":58},[44,82245,939],{"class":206},[44,82247,3286],{"class":58},[44,82249,82250,82252,82254,82257,82259,82261],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82251,136],{"class":135},[44,82253,121],{"class":58},[44,82255,82256],{"class":135},"max",[44,82258,121],{"class":58},[44,82260,232],{"class":117},[44,82262,244],{"class":58},[44,82264,82265],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82266,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,82268,82269,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,82270,136],{"class":135},[44,82272,121],{"class":58},[44,82274,82256],{"class":135},[44,82276,121],{"class":58},[44,82278,1141],{"class":206},[44,82280,72],{"class":58},[44,82282,6008],{"class":206},[44,82284,72],{"class":58},[44,82286,488],{"class":206},[44,82288,72],{"class":58},[44,82290,939],{"class":206},[44,82292,244],{"class":58},[44,82294,82295],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,82296,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,82298,82299,82301,82303,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319,82321,82323,82325,82327],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,82300,3720],{"class":50},[44,82302,55],{"class":54},[44,82304,3273],{"class":58},[44,82306,63],{"class":62},[44,82308,1209],{"class":66},[44,82310,63],{"class":62},[44,82312,72],{"class":58},[44,82314,75],{"class":62},[44,82316,1218],{"class":66},[44,82318,63],{"class":62},[44,82320,72],{"class":58},[44,82322,75],{"class":62},[44,82324,78360],{"class":66},[44,82326,63],{"class":62},[44,82328,3286],{"class":58},[44,82330,82331,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,82332,136],{"class":135},[44,82334,121],{"class":58},[44,82336,82256],{"class":135},[44,82338,121],{"class":58},[44,82340,3762],{"class":117},[44,82342,244],{"class":58},[20,82344,247],{},[35,82346,82348],{"className":37,"code":82347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82349,82350,82354,82358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82351,82352],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82353,2028],{"class":206},[44,82355,82356],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82357,2028],{"class":206},[44,82359,82360],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82361,82362],{"class":50},"pear\n",[20,82364,19600],{},[169,82366,82367,82373,82379],{},[172,82368,82369,82372],{},[15,82370,82371],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[172,82374,82375,82378],{},[15,82376,82377],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[172,82380,82381,82384],{},[15,82382,82383],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[30,82386,158,82388,161],{"id":82387},"what-max-does",[15,82389,82197],{},[20,82391,82392,1155],{},[15,82393,82197],{},[169,82395,82396,82399,82402,82405],{},[172,82397,82398],{},"Returns the largest item",[172,82400,82401],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[172,82403,82404],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[172,82406,82407],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82409,82410],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82412,82413],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[30,82415,277],{"id":276},[20,82417,82418,82419,1155],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82420,82197],{},[35,82422,82424],{"className":37,"code":82423,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82425,82426,82436,82460,82482,82505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82427,82428,82430,82432,82434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82429,82256],{"class":135},[44,82431,121],{"class":58},[44,82433,3370],{"class":117},[44,82435,100],{"class":58},[44,82437,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82449,82451,82453,82455,82458],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82439,82256],{"class":135},[44,82441,121],{"class":58},[44,82443,3370],{"class":117},[44,82445,72],{"class":58},[44,82447,82448],{"class":54}," *",[44,82450,72],{"class":58},[44,82452,21220],{"class":8826},[44,82454,55],{"class":54},[44,82456,82457],{"class":117},"func",[44,82459,100],{"class":58},[44,82461,82462,82464,82466,82468,82470,82472,82474,82476,82478,82480],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82463,82256],{"class":135},[44,82465,121],{"class":58},[44,82467,3370],{"class":117},[44,82469,72],{"class":58},[44,82471,82448],{"class":54},[44,82473,72],{"class":58},[44,82475,26163],{"class":8826},[44,82477,55],{"class":54},[44,82479,302],{"class":117},[44,82481,100],{"class":58},[44,82483,82484,82486,82488,82491,82493,82496,82498,82500,82503],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,82485,82256],{"class":135},[44,82487,121],{"class":58},[44,82489,82490],{"class":117},"arg1",[44,82492,72],{"class":58},[44,82494,82495],{"class":117}," arg2",[44,82497,72],{"class":58},[44,82499,82448],{"class":54},[44,82501,82502],{"class":117},"args",[44,82504,100],{"class":58},[44,82506,82507,82509,82511,82513,82515,82517,82519,82521,82523,82525,82527,82529,82531],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,82508,82256],{"class":135},[44,82510,121],{"class":58},[44,82512,82490],{"class":117},[44,82514,72],{"class":58},[44,82516,82495],{"class":117},[44,82518,72],{"class":58},[44,82520,82448],{"class":54},[44,82522,82502],{"class":117},[44,82524,72],{"class":58},[44,82526,21220],{"class":8826},[44,82528,55],{"class":54},[44,82530,82457],{"class":117},[44,82532,100],{"class":58},[20,82534,82535],{},"The most important parts are:",[169,82537,82538,82543,82548],{},[172,82539,82540,82542],{},[15,82541,3370],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[172,82544,82545,82547],{},[15,82546,14490],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[172,82549,82550,82553],{},[15,82551,82552],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[30,82555,895,82557,82559],{"id":82556},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82558,82197],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82561,82562],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[35,82564,82566],{"className":37,"code":82565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82567,82568,82594,82610,82614],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82569,82570,82572,82574,82576,82579,82581,82583,82585,82587,82589,82592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82571,4712],{"class":50},[44,82573,55],{"class":54},[44,82575,3273],{"class":58},[44,82577,82578],{"class":206},"72",[44,82580,72],{"class":58},[44,82582,51146],{"class":206},[44,82584,72],{"class":58},[44,82586,13155],{"class":206},[44,82588,72],{"class":58},[44,82590,82591],{"class":206}," 66",[44,82593,3286],{"class":58},[44,82595,82596,82599,82601,82604,82606,82608],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82597,82598],{"class":50},"highest_score ",[44,82600,55],{"class":54},[44,82602,82603],{"class":135}," max",[44,82605,121],{"class":58},[44,82607,16036],{"class":117},[44,82609,100],{"class":58},[44,82611,82612],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82613,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,82615,82616,82618,82620,82623],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,82617,136],{"class":135},[44,82619,121],{"class":58},[44,82621,82622],{"class":117},"highest_score",[44,82624,100],{"class":58},[20,82626,247],{},[35,82628,82630],{"className":37,"code":82629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"91\n",[15,82631,82632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82633,82634],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82635,82629],{"class":206},[20,82637,82638],{},"This works well for:",[169,82640,82641,82644,82647,82650],{},[172,82642,82643],{},"Scores",[172,82645,82646],{},"Prices",[172,82648,82649],{},"Ages",[172,82651,82652],{},"Counts",[20,82654,51716],{},[35,82656,82658],{"className":37,"code":82657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82659,82660,82688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82661,82662,82665,82667,82669,82671,82673,82676,82678,82681,82683,82686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82663,82664],{"class":50},"prices ",[44,82666,55],{"class":54},[44,82668,3273],{"class":58},[44,82670,40035],{"class":206},[44,82672,72],{"class":58},[44,82674,82675],{"class":206}," 5.50",[44,82677,72],{"class":58},[44,82679,82680],{"class":206}," 12.75",[44,82682,72],{"class":58},[44,82684,82685],{"class":206}," 29.00",[44,82687,3286],{"class":58},[44,82689,82690,82692,82694,82696,82698,82701],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82691,136],{"class":135},[44,82693,121],{"class":58},[44,82695,82256],{"class":135},[44,82697,121],{"class":58},[44,82699,82700],{"class":117},"prices",[44,82702,244],{"class":58},[20,82704,247],{},[35,82706,82708],{"className":37,"code":82707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"29.0\n",[15,82709,82710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82711,82712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82713,82707],{"class":206},[20,82715,82716,82717,82719,82720,114],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82718,82197],{}," is simpler than ",[270,82721,82722],{"href":74138},[15,82723,74041],{},[30,82725,895,82727,82729],{"id":82726},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82728,82197],{}," with separate values",[20,82731,82732],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[35,82734,82736],{"className":37,"code":82735,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82737,82738],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82739,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748,82750,82752,82754,82756,82758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82741,136],{"class":135},[44,82743,121],{"class":58},[44,82745,82256],{"class":135},[44,82747,121],{"class":58},[44,82749,1145],{"class":206},[44,82751,72],{"class":58},[44,82753,30583],{"class":206},[44,82755,72],{"class":58},[44,82757,5642],{"class":206},[44,82759,244],{"class":58},[20,82761,247],{},[35,82763,82764],{"className":37,"code":1873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82765,82766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82767,82768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82769,1873],{"class":206},[20,82771,82772],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82774,82775],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[35,82777,82779],{"className":37,"code":82778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82780,82781,82790,82798,82808,82812,82835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82782,82783,82785,82787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82784,2198],{"class":50},[44,82786,55],{"class":54},[44,82788,82789],{"class":206}," 15\n",[44,82791,82792,82794,82796],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82793,2226],{"class":50},[44,82795,55],{"class":54},[44,82797,2413],{"class":206},[44,82799,82800,82803,82805],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,82801,82802],{"class":50},"c ",[44,82804,55],{"class":54},[44,82806,82807],{"class":206}," 27\n",[44,82809,82810],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,82811,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,82813,82814,82817,82819,82821,82823,82825,82827,82829,82831,82833],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,82815,82816],{"class":50},"largest ",[44,82818,55],{"class":54},[44,82820,82603],{"class":135},[44,82822,121],{"class":58},[44,82824,270],{"class":117},[44,82826,72],{"class":58},[44,82828,2203],{"class":117},[44,82830,72],{"class":58},[44,82832,9332],{"class":117},[44,82834,100],{"class":58},[44,82836,82837,82839,82841,82844],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,82838,136],{"class":135},[44,82840,121],{"class":58},[44,82842,82843],{"class":117},"largest",[44,82845,100],{"class":58},[20,82847,247],{},[35,82849,82850],{"className":37,"code":46250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82851,82852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82853,82854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82855,46250],{"class":206},[20,82857,82858],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[30,82860,895,82862,46696],{"id":82861},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82863,82197],{},[20,82865,82866,82868],{},[15,82867,82197],{}," can compare strings too.",[35,82870,82872],{"className":37,"code":82871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82873,82874,82906],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82875,82876,82878,82880,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892,82894,82896,82898,82900,82902,82904],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82877,3720],{"class":50},[44,82879,55],{"class":54},[44,82881,3273],{"class":58},[44,82883,63],{"class":62},[44,82885,1209],{"class":66},[44,82887,63],{"class":62},[44,82889,72],{"class":58},[44,82891,75],{"class":62},[44,82893,1218],{"class":66},[44,82895,63],{"class":62},[44,82897,72],{"class":58},[44,82899,75],{"class":62},[44,82901,78360],{"class":66},[44,82903,63],{"class":62},[44,82905,3286],{"class":58},[44,82907,82908,82910,82912,82914,82916,82918],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82909,136],{"class":135},[44,82911,121],{"class":58},[44,82913,82256],{"class":135},[44,82915,121],{"class":58},[44,82917,3762],{"class":117},[44,82919,244],{"class":58},[20,82921,247],{},[35,82923,82924],{"className":37,"code":82362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,82925,82926],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82927,82928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82929,82362],{"class":50},[20,82931,82932],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82934,67900],{},[169,82936,82937,82946,82949],{},[172,82938,82939,82942,82943,82945],{},[15,82940,82941],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82944,1289],{}," alphabetically",[172,82947,82948],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[172,82950,82951],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82953,189],{},[35,82955,82957],{"className":37,"code":82956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82958,82959,82992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,82960,82961,82963,82965,82967,82969,82971,82973,82975,82977,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988,82990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,82962,3720],{"class":50},[44,82964,55],{"class":54},[44,82966,3273],{"class":58},[44,82968,63],{"class":62},[44,82970,1209],{"class":66},[44,82972,63],{"class":62},[44,82974,72],{"class":58},[44,82976,75],{"class":62},[44,82978,82979],{"class":66},"Banana",[44,82981,63],{"class":62},[44,82983,72],{"class":58},[44,82985,75],{"class":62},[44,82987,78360],{"class":66},[44,82989,63],{"class":62},[44,82991,3286],{"class":58},[44,82993,82994,82996,82998,83000,83002,83004],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,82995,136],{"class":135},[44,82997,121],{"class":58},[44,82999,82256],{"class":135},[44,83001,121],{"class":58},[44,83003,3762],{"class":117},[44,83005,244],{"class":58},[20,83007,83008],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83010,83011,83012,83014],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83013,14490],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[30,83016,36250,83017,36253],{"id":78318},[15,83018,14490],{},[20,83020,164,83021,83023],{},[15,83022,14490],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83025,83026],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[338,83028,83030],{"id":83029},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[35,83032,83034],{"className":37,"code":83033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83035,83036,83068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83037,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062,83064,83066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83039,3720],{"class":50},[44,83041,55],{"class":54},[44,83043,3273],{"class":58},[44,83045,63],{"class":62},[44,83047,569],{"class":66},[44,83049,63],{"class":62},[44,83051,72],{"class":58},[44,83053,75],{"class":62},[44,83055,67943],{"class":66},[44,83057,63],{"class":62},[44,83059,72],{"class":58},[44,83061,75],{"class":62},[44,83063,578],{"class":66},[44,83065,63],{"class":62},[44,83067,3286],{"class":58},[44,83069,83070,83072,83074,83076,83078,83080,83082,83084,83086,83088],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83071,136],{"class":135},[44,83073,121],{"class":58},[44,83075,82256],{"class":135},[44,83077,121],{"class":58},[44,83079,3762],{"class":117},[44,83081,72],{"class":58},[44,83083,21220],{"class":8826},[44,83085,55],{"class":54},[44,83087,1365],{"class":135},[44,83089,244],{"class":58},[20,83091,247],{},[35,83093,83095],{"className":37,"code":83094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"elephant\n",[15,83096,83097],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83098,83099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83100,83094],{"class":50},[20,83102,20413,83103,83106],{},[15,83104,83105],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83108,83109,83110,33269,83112,114],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83111,41997],{},[270,83113,83114,5431],{"href":41994},[15,83115,41997],{},[338,83117,83119],{"id":83118},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[35,83121,83123],{"className":37,"code":83122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83124,83125,83157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83126,83127,83129,83131,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83128,3720],{"class":50},[44,83130,55],{"class":54},[44,83132,3273],{"class":58},[44,83134,63],{"class":62},[44,83136,1209],{"class":66},[44,83138,63],{"class":62},[44,83140,72],{"class":58},[44,83142,75],{"class":62},[44,83144,82979],{"class":66},[44,83146,63],{"class":62},[44,83148,72],{"class":58},[44,83150,75],{"class":62},[44,83152,78360],{"class":66},[44,83154,63],{"class":62},[44,83156,3286],{"class":58},[44,83158,83159,83161,83163,83165,83167,83169,83171,83173,83175,83177,83179,83181],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83160,136],{"class":135},[44,83162,121],{"class":58},[44,83164,82256],{"class":135},[44,83166,121],{"class":58},[44,83168,3762],{"class":117},[44,83170,72],{"class":58},[44,83172,21220],{"class":8826},[44,83174,55],{"class":54},[44,83176,3092],{"class":2546},[44,83178,114],{"class":58},[44,83180,8289],{"class":24390},[44,83182,244],{"class":58},[20,83184,247],{},[35,83186,83187],{"className":37,"code":82362,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83188,83189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83190,83191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83192,82362],{"class":50},[20,83194,20413,83195,83197],{},[15,83196,78314],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[338,83199,83201],{"id":83200},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83203,83204,83205,1155],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83206,37296],{},[35,83208,83210],{"className":37,"code":83209,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83211,83212,83255],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83213,83214,83216,83218,83220,83222,83224,83226,83228,83230,83233,83235,83237,83239,83242,83244,83246,83248,83251,83253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83215,7429],{"class":50},[44,83217,55],{"class":54},[44,83219,3273],{"class":58},[44,83221,63],{"class":62},[44,83223,270],{"class":66},[44,83225,63],{"class":62},[44,83227,72],{"class":58},[44,83229,75],{"class":62},[44,83231,83232],{"class":66},"bb",[44,83234,63],{"class":62},[44,83236,72],{"class":58},[44,83238,75],{"class":62},[44,83240,83241],{"class":66},"cccc",[44,83243,63],{"class":62},[44,83245,72],{"class":58},[44,83247,75],{"class":62},[44,83249,83250],{"class":66},"ddd",[44,83252,63],{"class":62},[44,83254,3286],{"class":58},[44,83256,83257,83259,83261,83263,83265,83267,83269,83271,83273,83275,83277,83279,83281,83283,83285],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83258,136],{"class":135},[44,83260,121],{"class":58},[44,83262,82256],{"class":135},[44,83264,121],{"class":58},[44,83266,7458],{"class":117},[44,83268,72],{"class":58},[44,83270,21220],{"class":8826},[44,83272,55],{"class":54},[44,83274,37296],{"class":1716},[44,83276,42478],{"class":37299},[44,83278,1155],{"class":58},[44,83280,38023],{"class":135},[44,83282,121],{"class":58},[44,83284,34350],{"class":117},[44,83286,2557],{"class":58},[20,83288,247],{},[35,83290,83292],{"className":37,"code":83291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cccc\n",[15,83293,83294],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83295,83296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83297,83291],{"class":50},[20,83299,49188,83300,898,83302,83304],{},[15,83301,83105],{},[15,83303,78201],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[30,83306,36250,83308,36253],{"id":83307},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83309,82552],{},[20,83311,164,83312,83314],{},[15,83313,82552],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83316,83317],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[35,83319,83321],{"className":37,"code":83320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83322,83323,83331],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83324,83325,83327,83329],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83326,199],{"class":50},[44,83328,55],{"class":54},[44,83330,7487],{"class":58},[44,83332,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83334,136],{"class":135},[44,83336,121],{"class":58},[44,83338,82256],{"class":135},[44,83340,121],{"class":58},[44,83342,232],{"class":117},[44,83344,72],{"class":58},[44,83346,26163],{"class":8826},[44,83348,55],{"class":54},[44,83350,186],{"class":206},[44,83352,244],{"class":58},[20,83354,247],{},[35,83356,83357],{"className":37,"code":46889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,83358,83359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83360,83361],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83362,46889],{"class":206},[20,83364,83365],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83367,83368,83369,83371],{},"Without ",[15,83370,82552],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83373,51716],{},[35,83375,83377],{"className":37,"code":83376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83378,83379,83387,83414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83380,83381,83383,83385],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83382,3720],{"class":50},[44,83384,55],{"class":54},[44,83386,7487],{"class":58},[44,83388,83389,83391,83393,83395,83397,83399,83401,83403,83405,83407,83410,83412],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83390,604],{"class":50},[44,83392,55],{"class":54},[44,83394,82603],{"class":135},[44,83396,121],{"class":58},[44,83398,3762],{"class":117},[44,83400,72],{"class":58},[44,83402,26163],{"class":8826},[44,83404,55],{"class":54},[44,83406,63],{"class":62},[44,83408,83409],{"class":66},"no words found",[44,83411,63],{"class":62},[44,83413,100],{"class":58},[44,83415,83416,83418,83420,83422],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,83417,136],{"class":135},[44,83419,121],{"class":58},[44,83421,632],{"class":117},[44,83423,100],{"class":58},[20,83425,247],{},[35,83427,83429],{"className":37,"code":83428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"no words found\n",[15,83430,83431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83432,83433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83434,83428],{"class":50},[20,83436,83437],{},"Important:",[169,83439,83440,83448],{},[172,83441,83442,83444,83445],{},[15,83443,82552],{}," works with ",[15,83446,83447],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[172,83449,40542,83450,83452,83453],{},[367,83451,881],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83454,83455],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[30,83457,47624],{"id":47623},[20,83459,83460,83461,114],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83462,82197],{},[338,83464,83466,83468],{"id":83465},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83467,686],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83470,83471,83472,45546,83474,114],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83473,82552],{},[15,83475,686],{},[35,83477,83479],{"className":37,"code":83478,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83480,83481,83489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83482,83483,83485,83487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83484,199],{"class":50},[44,83486,55],{"class":54},[44,83488,7487],{"class":58},[44,83490,83491,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83492,136],{"class":135},[44,83494,121],{"class":58},[44,83496,82256],{"class":135},[44,83498,121],{"class":58},[44,83500,232],{"class":117},[44,83502,244],{"class":58},[20,83504,29320],{},[35,83506,83508],{"className":37,"code":83507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83509,83510],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83511,83512,83514,83516,83518,83520,83523,83525],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83513,686],{"class":2546},[44,83515,1155],{"class":58},[44,83517,82603],{"class":135},[44,83519,7015],{"class":58},[44,83521,83522],{"class":50}," arg ",[44,83524,11844],{"class":54},[44,83526,83527],{"class":50}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83529,83530,83531,1155],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83532,82552],{},[35,83534,83536],{"className":37,"code":83535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83537,83538,83546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83539,83540,83542,83544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83541,199],{"class":50},[44,83543,55],{"class":54},[44,83545,7487],{"class":58},[44,83547,83548,83550,83552,83554,83556,83558,83560,83562,83564,83566],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83549,136],{"class":135},[44,83551,121],{"class":58},[44,83553,82256],{"class":135},[44,83555,121],{"class":58},[44,83557,232],{"class":117},[44,83559,72],{"class":58},[44,83561,26163],{"class":8826},[44,83563,55],{"class":54},[44,83565,3428],{"class":3502},[44,83567,244],{"class":58},[20,83569,83570,83571,114],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[270,83572,891],{"href":72495},[338,83574,83576,83578],{"id":83575},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83577,2650],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83580,83581,83582,114],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83583,2650],{},[35,83585,83587],{"className":37,"code":83586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83588,83589,83613],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83590,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599,83601,83603,83605,83607,83609,83611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83592,7429],{"class":50},[44,83594,55],{"class":54},[44,83596,3273],{"class":58},[44,83598,207],{"class":206},[44,83600,72],{"class":58},[44,83602,75],{"class":62},[44,83604,241],{"class":66},[44,83606,63],{"class":62},[44,83608,72],{"class":58},[44,83610,217],{"class":206},[44,83612,3286],{"class":58},[44,83614,83615,83617,83619,83621,83623,83625],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83616,136],{"class":135},[44,83618,121],{"class":58},[44,83620,82256],{"class":135},[44,83622,121],{"class":58},[44,83624,7458],{"class":117},[44,83626,244],{"class":58},[20,83628,83629],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83631,83632],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[35,83634,83636],{"className":37,"code":83635,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83637,83638,83658],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83639,83640,83642,83644,83646,83648,83650,83652,83654,83656],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83641,7429],{"class":50},[44,83643,55],{"class":54},[44,83645,3273],{"class":58},[44,83647,207],{"class":206},[44,83649,72],{"class":58},[44,83651,212],{"class":206},[44,83653,72],{"class":58},[44,83655,217],{"class":206},[44,83657,3286],{"class":58},[44,83659,83660,83662,83664,83666,83668,83670],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83661,136],{"class":135},[44,83663,121],{"class":58},[44,83665,82256],{"class":135},[44,83667,121],{"class":58},[44,83669,7458],{"class":117},[44,83671,244],{"class":58},[20,83673,83674,83675,114],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[270,83676,83678],{"href":83677},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[338,83680,83682,83684],{"id":83681},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83683,2650],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83686,83687,83689],{},[15,83688,82197],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[35,83691,83693],{"className":37,"code":83692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(max())\n",[15,83694,83695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83696,83697,83699,83701,83703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83698,136],{"class":135},[44,83700,121],{"class":58},[44,83702,82256],{"class":135},[44,83704,6843],{"class":58},[20,83706,2647,83707,114],{},[15,83708,2650],{},[30,83710,83712,10236,83714],{"id":83711},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83713,82197],{},[15,83715,74041],{},[20,83717,83718],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83720,83721,1155],{},[15,83722,82197],{},[169,83724,83725],{},[172,83726,83727],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83729,83730,1155],{},[15,83731,74041],{},[169,83733,83734],{},[172,83735,83736],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83738,189],{},[35,83740,83742],{"className":37,"code":83741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83743,83744,83768,83772,83786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83745,83746,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758,83760,83762,83764,83766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83747,199],{"class":50},[44,83749,55],{"class":54},[44,83751,3273],{"class":58},[44,83753,1141],{"class":206},[44,83755,72],{"class":58},[44,83757,6008],{"class":206},[44,83759,72],{"class":58},[44,83761,488],{"class":206},[44,83763,72],{"class":58},[44,83765,939],{"class":206},[44,83767,3286],{"class":58},[44,83769,83770],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83771,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,83773,83774,83776,83778,83780,83782,83784],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,83775,136],{"class":135},[44,83777,121],{"class":58},[44,83779,82256],{"class":135},[44,83781,121],{"class":58},[44,83783,232],{"class":117},[44,83785,244],{"class":58},[44,83787,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,83789,136],{"class":135},[44,83791,121],{"class":58},[44,83793,74131],{"class":135},[44,83795,121],{"class":58},[44,83797,232],{"class":117},[44,83799,244],{"class":58},[20,83801,247],{},[35,83803,83805],{"className":37,"code":83804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83806,83807,83811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83808,83809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83810,2028],{"class":206},[44,83812,83813,83815,83817,83819,83821,83823,83825,83827,83829],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83814,1271],{"class":58},[44,83816,1137],{"class":206},[44,83818,72],{"class":58},[44,83820,524],{"class":206},[44,83822,72],{"class":58},[44,83824,939],{"class":206},[44,83826,72],{"class":58},[44,83828,6008],{"class":206},[44,83830,3286],{"class":58},[20,83832,651,83833,83835],{},[15,83834,82197],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83837,651,83838,83842],{},[270,83839,83840],{"href":74138},[15,83841,74041],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83844,83845,83846,114],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[270,83847,83849],{"href":83848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83850,83851],{},"min()",[30,83853,1299],{"id":1298},[20,83855,83856],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[169,83858,83859,83866,83869,83874,83877],{},[172,83860,29289,83861,83863,83864],{},[15,83862,82197],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83865,82552],{},[172,83867,83868],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[172,83870,1312,83871,83873],{},[15,83872,82197],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[172,83875,83876],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[172,83878,895,83879,83881],{},[15,83880,82552],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83883,10763],{},[35,83885,83887],{"className":37,"code":83886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83888,83889,83899,83913,83927,83941,83963],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,83890,83891,83893,83895,83897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,83892,136],{"class":135},[44,83894,121],{"class":58},[44,83896,7458],{"class":117},[44,83898,100],{"class":58},[44,83900,83901,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,83902,136],{"class":135},[44,83904,121],{"class":58},[44,83906,2868],{"class":2546},[44,83908,121],{"class":58},[44,83910,7458],{"class":117},[44,83912,244],{"class":58},[44,83914,83915,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,83916,136],{"class":135},[44,83918,121],{"class":58},[44,83920,1365],{"class":135},[44,83922,121],{"class":58},[44,83924,7458],{"class":117},[44,83926,244],{"class":58},[44,83928,83929,83931,83933,83935,83937,83939],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,83930,136],{"class":135},[44,83932,121],{"class":58},[44,83934,82256],{"class":135},[44,83936,121],{"class":58},[44,83938,7458],{"class":117},[44,83940,244],{"class":58},[44,83942,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959,83961],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,83944,136],{"class":135},[44,83946,121],{"class":58},[44,83948,82256],{"class":135},[44,83950,121],{"class":58},[44,83952,7458],{"class":117},[44,83954,72],{"class":58},[44,83956,26163],{"class":8826},[44,83958,55],{"class":54},[44,83960,3428],{"class":3502},[44,83962,244],{"class":58},[44,83964,83965,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83977,83979,83981,83983,83985],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,83966,136],{"class":135},[44,83968,2631],{"class":58},[44,83970,2868],{"class":2546},[44,83972,121],{"class":58},[44,83974,1823],{"class":117},[44,83976,144],{"class":58},[44,83978,3527],{"class":805},[44,83980,3530],{"class":117},[44,83982,1383],{"class":805},[44,83984,5614],{"class":117},[44,83986,3538],{"class":58},[20,83988,83989],{},"These are useful for checking:",[169,83991,83992,83997,84002,84005],{},[172,83993,83994,83995],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83996,7458],{},[172,83998,79367,83999,84001],{},[15,84000,7458],{}," is a list or some other type",[172,84003,84004],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[172,84006,84007],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84009,68964,84010,1431,84013,84015],{},[15,84011,84012],{},"print(max(items))",[15,84014,7458],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[30,84017,1497],{"id":1496},[338,84019,1501,84021,4793],{"id":84020},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84022,82197],{},[20,84024,84025],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[338,84027,4818,84029,84031],{"id":84028},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84030,82197],{}," work with strings?",[20,84033,84034],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[338,84036,71263],{"id":71262},[20,84038,84039,52131,84041,84043,84044,84046],{},[15,84040,82197],{},[15,84042,686],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84045,82552],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[338,84048,84050,84051,1547],{"id":84049},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84052,82197],{},[20,84054,651,84055,1155],{},[15,84056,83105],{},[35,84058,84059],{"className":37,"code":83033,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84060,84061,84093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84062,84063,84065,84067,84069,84071,84073,84075,84077,84079,84081,84083,84085,84087,84089,84091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84064,3720],{"class":50},[44,84066,55],{"class":54},[44,84068,3273],{"class":58},[44,84070,63],{"class":62},[44,84072,569],{"class":66},[44,84074,63],{"class":62},[44,84076,72],{"class":58},[44,84078,75],{"class":62},[44,84080,67943],{"class":66},[44,84082,63],{"class":62},[44,84084,72],{"class":58},[44,84086,75],{"class":62},[44,84088,578],{"class":66},[44,84090,63],{"class":62},[44,84092,3286],{"class":58},[44,84094,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111,84113],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84096,136],{"class":135},[44,84098,121],{"class":58},[44,84100,82256],{"class":135},[44,84102,121],{"class":58},[44,84104,3762],{"class":117},[44,84106,72],{"class":58},[44,84108,21220],{"class":8826},[44,84110,55],{"class":54},[44,84112,1365],{"class":135},[44,84114,244],{"class":58},[338,84116,4828,84118,898,84120,1547],{"id":84117},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84119,82197],{},[15,84121,74041],{},[20,84123,84124,84126,84127,84129],{},[15,84125,82197],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84128,74041],{}," returns all items in order.",[30,84131,1554],{"id":1553},[169,84133,84134,84140,84146,84152,84156,84160],{},[172,84135,84136],{},[270,84137,84138,3158],{"href":83848},[15,84139,83851],{},[172,84141,84142],{},[270,84143,84144,3158],{"href":74138},[15,84145,74041],{},[172,84147,84148],{},[270,84149,84150,3158],{"href":41994},[15,84151,41997],{},[172,84153,84154],{},[270,84155,58589],{"href":58588},[172,84157,84158],{},[270,84159,891],{"href":72495},[172,84161,84162],{},[270,84163,83678],{"href":83677},[1583,84165,84166],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":84168},[84169,84170,84172,84173,84175,84177,84179,84184,84186,84194,84196,84197,84208],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":82387,"depth":103,"text":84171},"What max() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":82556,"depth":103,"text":84174},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82726,"depth":103,"text":84176},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82861,"depth":103,"text":84178},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78318,"depth":103,"text":79516,"children":84180},[84181,84182,84183],{"id":83029,"depth":132,"text":83030},{"id":83118,"depth":132,"text":83119},{"id":83200,"depth":132,"text":83201},{"id":83307,"depth":103,"text":84185},"Using the default argument",{"id":47623,"depth":103,"text":47624,"children":84187},[84188,84190,84192],{"id":83465,"depth":132,"text":84189},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83575,"depth":132,"text":84191},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83681,"depth":132,"text":84193},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83711,"depth":103,"text":84195},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":84198},[84199,84201,84203,84204,84206],{"id":84020,"depth":132,"text":84200},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84028,"depth":132,"text":84202},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71262,"depth":132,"text":71263},{"id":84049,"depth":132,"text":84205},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84117,"depth":132,"text":84207},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82189,"description":84209},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84216,"title":84217,"body":84218,"description":86172,"extension":1616,"meta":86173,"navigation":434,"path":86174,"seo":86175,"stem":86176,"__hash__":86177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84219,"toc":86129},[84220,84225,84230,84236,84238,84312,84314,84327,84332,84337,84353,84357,84362,84438,84444,84447,84490,84492,84500,84506,84509,84540,84542,84550,84556,84561,84620,84622,84631,84634,84644,84650,84655,84690,84692,84700,84706,84712,84717,84761,84763,84772,84775,84815,84817,84826,84829,84841,84846,84851,84902,84904,84913,84916,84967,84969,84978,84981,84988,84994,84999,85001,85016,85020,85080,85082,85091,85095,85267,85269,85306,85313,85319,85322,85349,85351,85372,85377,85412,85414,85422,85425,85428,85444,85449,85451,85455,85461,85465,85492,85495,85505,85545,85549,85552,85595,85597,85606,85609,85614,85683,85685,85693,85698,85702,85705,85756,85758,85766,85769,85832,85834,85842,85845,85850,85854,85867,85874,85882,85884,85886,85916,85922,86023,86033,86035,86040,86043,86048,86051,86053,86061,86069,86077,86084,86092,86094,86126],[10,84221,3225,84223,3229],{"id":84222},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84224,83851],{},[20,84226,84227,84229],{},[15,84228,83851],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84231,84232,84233,84235],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84234,83851],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[30,84237,33],{"id":32},[35,84239,84241],{"className":37,"code":84240,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84242,84243,84267,84282,84286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84244,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253,84255,84257,84259,84261,84263,84265],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84246,199],{"class":50},[44,84248,55],{"class":54},[44,84250,3273],{"class":58},[44,84252,929],{"class":206},[44,84254,72],{"class":58},[44,84256,488],{"class":206},[44,84258,72],{"class":58},[44,84260,53772],{"class":206},[44,84262,72],{"class":58},[44,84264,519],{"class":206},[44,84266,3286],{"class":58},[44,84268,84269,84271,84273,84276,84278,84280],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84270,136],{"class":135},[44,84272,121],{"class":58},[44,84274,84275],{"class":135},"min",[44,84277,121],{"class":58},[44,84279,232],{"class":117},[44,84281,244],{"class":58},[44,84283,84284],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,84285,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,84287,84288,84290,84292,84294,84296,84298,84300,84302,84304,84306,84308,84310],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,84289,136],{"class":135},[44,84291,121],{"class":58},[44,84293,84275],{"class":135},[44,84295,121],{"class":58},[44,84297,929],{"class":206},[44,84299,72],{"class":58},[44,84301,488],{"class":206},[44,84303,72],{"class":58},[44,84305,53772],{"class":206},[44,84307,72],{"class":58},[44,84309,519],{"class":206},[44,84311,244],{"class":58},[20,84313,247],{},[35,84315,84317],{"className":37,"code":84316,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1\n1\n",[15,84318,84319,84323],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84320,84321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84322,250],{"class":206},[44,84324,84325],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84326,250],{"class":206},[20,84328,651,84329,84331],{},[15,84330,83851],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[30,84333,158,84335,161],{"id":84334},"what-min-does",[15,84336,83851],{},[169,84338,84339,84344,84347,84350],{},[172,84340,84341,84343],{},[15,84342,83851],{}," returns the smallest item",[172,84345,84346],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[172,84348,84349],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[172,84351,84352],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[30,84354,84356],{"id":84355},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84358,84359,84360,1155],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84361,83851],{},[35,84363,84365],{"className":37,"code":84364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84366,84367,84377,84402,84420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84368,84369,84371,84373,84375],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84370,84275],{"class":135},[44,84372,121],{"class":58},[44,84374,3370],{"class":117},[44,84376,100],{"class":58},[44,84378,84379,84381,84383,84386,84388,84391,84393,84396,84398,84400],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84380,84275],{"class":135},[44,84382,121],{"class":58},[44,84384,84385],{"class":117},"value1",[44,84387,72],{"class":58},[44,84389,84390],{"class":117}," value2",[44,84392,72],{"class":58},[44,84394,84395],{"class":117}," value3",[44,84397,72],{"class":58},[44,84399,34095],{"class":135},[44,84401,100],{"class":58},[44,84403,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416,84418],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,84405,84275],{"class":135},[44,84407,121],{"class":58},[44,84409,3370],{"class":117},[44,84411,72],{"class":58},[44,84413,21220],{"class":8826},[44,84415,55],{"class":54},[44,84417,37007],{"class":135},[44,84419,100],{"class":58},[44,84421,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,84423,84275],{"class":135},[44,84425,121],{"class":58},[44,84427,3370],{"class":117},[44,84429,72],{"class":58},[44,84431,26163],{"class":8826},[44,84433,55],{"class":54},[44,84435,37007],{"class":135},[44,84437,100],{"class":58},[338,84439,84441],{"id":84440},"miniterable",[15,84442,84443],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84445,84446],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[35,84448,84450],{"className":37,"code":84449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84451,84452,84476],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84453,84454,84456,84458,84460,84462,84464,84466,84468,84470,84472,84474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84455,199],{"class":50},[44,84457,55],{"class":54},[44,84459,3273],{"class":58},[44,84461,1992],{"class":206},[44,84463,72],{"class":58},[44,84465,524],{"class":206},[44,84467,72],{"class":58},[44,84469,30583],{"class":206},[44,84471,72],{"class":58},[44,84473,519],{"class":206},[44,84475,3286],{"class":58},[44,84477,84478,84480,84482,84484,84486,84488],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84479,136],{"class":135},[44,84481,121],{"class":58},[44,84483,84275],{"class":135},[44,84485,121],{"class":58},[44,84487,232],{"class":117},[44,84489,244],{"class":58},[20,84491,247],{},[35,84493,84494],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84495,84496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84497,84498],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84499,250],{"class":206},[338,84501,84503],{"id":84502},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84504,84505],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84507,84508],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[35,84510,84512],{"className":37,"code":84511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84513,84514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84515,84516,84518,84520,84522,84524,84526,84528,84530,84532,84534,84536,84538],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84517,136],{"class":135},[44,84519,121],{"class":58},[44,84521,84275],{"class":135},[44,84523,121],{"class":58},[44,84525,1992],{"class":206},[44,84527,72],{"class":58},[44,84529,524],{"class":206},[44,84531,72],{"class":58},[44,84533,30583],{"class":206},[44,84535,72],{"class":58},[44,84537,519],{"class":206},[44,84539,244],{"class":58},[20,84541,247],{},[35,84543,84544],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84545,84546],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84547,84548],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84549,250],{"class":206},[338,84551,84553],{"id":84552},"miniterable-key",[15,84554,84555],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84557,651,84558,84560],{},[15,84559,14490],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[35,84562,84564],{"className":37,"code":84563,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84565,84566,84598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84567,84568,84570,84572,84574,84576,84578,84580,84582,84584,84586,84588,84590,84592,84594,84596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84569,3720],{"class":50},[44,84571,55],{"class":54},[44,84573,3273],{"class":58},[44,84575,63],{"class":62},[44,84577,78360],{"class":66},[44,84579,63],{"class":62},[44,84581,72],{"class":58},[44,84583,75],{"class":62},[44,84585,37978],{"class":66},[44,84587,63],{"class":62},[44,84589,72],{"class":58},[44,84591,75],{"class":62},[44,84593,1218],{"class":66},[44,84595,63],{"class":62},[44,84597,3286],{"class":58},[44,84599,84600,84602,84604,84606,84608,84610,84612,84614,84616,84618],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84601,136],{"class":135},[44,84603,121],{"class":58},[44,84605,84275],{"class":135},[44,84607,121],{"class":58},[44,84609,3762],{"class":117},[44,84611,72],{"class":58},[44,84613,21220],{"class":8826},[44,84615,55],{"class":54},[44,84617,1365],{"class":135},[44,84619,244],{"class":58},[20,84621,247],{},[35,84623,84625],{"className":37,"code":84624,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"kiwi\n",[15,84626,84627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84628,84629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84630,84624],{"class":50},[20,84632,84633],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84635,84636,84637,84639,84640,114],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84638,41997],{},", see the ",[270,84641,84642,3158],{"href":41994},[15,84643,41997],{},[338,84645,84647],{"id":84646},"miniterable-default",[15,84648,84649],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84651,651,84652,84654],{},[15,84653,82552],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[35,84656,84658],{"className":37,"code":84657,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84659,84660,84668],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84661,84662,84664,84666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84663,199],{"class":50},[44,84665,55],{"class":54},[44,84667,7487],{"class":58},[44,84669,84670,84672,84674,84676,84678,84680,84682,84684,84686,84688],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84671,136],{"class":135},[44,84673,121],{"class":58},[44,84675,84275],{"class":135},[44,84677,121],{"class":58},[44,84679,232],{"class":117},[44,84681,72],{"class":58},[44,84683,26163],{"class":8826},[44,84685,55],{"class":54},[44,84687,186],{"class":206},[44,84689,244],{"class":58},[20,84691,247],{},[35,84693,84694],{"className":37,"code":46889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,84695,84696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84697,84698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84699,46889],{"class":206},[20,84701,84702,84703,84705],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84704,686],{}," when there is no item to return.",[30,84707,895,84709,84711],{"id":84708},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84710,83851],{}," with numbers",[20,84713,84714,84716],{},[15,84715,83851],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[35,84718,84720],{"className":37,"code":84719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84721,84722,84747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84723,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734,84737,84739,84741,84743,84745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84725,4712],{"class":50},[44,84727,55],{"class":54},[44,84729,3273],{"class":58},[44,84731,51141],{"class":206},[44,84733,72],{"class":58},[44,84735,84736],{"class":206}," 72",[44,84738,72],{"class":58},[44,84740,28545],{"class":206},[44,84742,72],{"class":58},[44,84744,75717],{"class":206},[44,84746,3286],{"class":58},[44,84748,84749,84751,84753,84755,84757,84759],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84750,136],{"class":135},[44,84752,121],{"class":58},[44,84754,84275],{"class":135},[44,84756,121],{"class":58},[44,84758,16036],{"class":117},[44,84760,244],{"class":58},[20,84762,247],{},[35,84764,84766],{"className":37,"code":84765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"60\n",[15,84767,84768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84769,84770],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84771,84765],{"class":206},[20,84773,84774],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[35,84776,84778],{"className":37,"code":84777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84779,84780,84801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84781,84782,84784,84786,84788,84790,84792,84795,84797,84799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84783,82664],{"class":50},[44,84785,55],{"class":54},[44,84787,3273],{"class":58},[44,84789,40035],{"class":206},[44,84791,72],{"class":58},[44,84793,84794],{"class":206}," 5.49",[44,84796,72],{"class":58},[44,84798,82680],{"class":206},[44,84800,3286],{"class":58},[44,84802,84803,84805,84807,84809,84811,84813],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84804,136],{"class":135},[44,84806,121],{"class":58},[44,84808,84275],{"class":135},[44,84810,121],{"class":58},[44,84812,82700],{"class":117},[44,84814,244],{"class":58},[20,84816,247],{},[35,84818,84820],{"className":37,"code":84819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5.49\n",[15,84821,84822],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84823,84824],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84825,84819],{"class":206},[20,84827,84828],{},"This is useful for things like:",[169,84830,84831,84833,84835,84838],{},[172,84832,16036],{},[172,84834,82700],{},[172,84836,84837],{},"measurements",[172,84839,84840],{},"ages",[30,84842,895,84844,46696],{"id":84843},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84845,83851],{},[20,84847,84848,84850],{},[15,84849,83851],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[35,84852,84854],{"className":37,"code":84853,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84855,84856,84888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84857,84858,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874,84876,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84859,3720],{"class":50},[44,84861,55],{"class":54},[44,84863,3273],{"class":58},[44,84865,63],{"class":62},[44,84867,1218],{"class":66},[44,84869,63],{"class":62},[44,84871,72],{"class":58},[44,84873,75],{"class":62},[44,84875,1209],{"class":66},[44,84877,63],{"class":62},[44,84879,72],{"class":58},[44,84881,75],{"class":62},[44,84883,3745],{"class":66},[44,84885,63],{"class":62},[44,84887,3286],{"class":58},[44,84889,84890,84892,84894,84896,84898,84900],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84891,136],{"class":135},[44,84893,121],{"class":58},[44,84895,84275],{"class":135},[44,84897,121],{"class":58},[44,84899,3762],{"class":117},[44,84901,244],{"class":58},[20,84903,247],{},[35,84905,84907],{"className":37,"code":84906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple\n",[15,84908,84909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84910,84911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84912,84906],{"class":50},[20,84914,84915],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[35,84917,84919],{"className":37,"code":84918,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84920,84921,84953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84922,84923,84925,84927,84929,84931,84933,84935,84937,84939,84941,84943,84945,84947,84949,84951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84924,3720],{"class":50},[44,84926,55],{"class":54},[44,84928,3273],{"class":58},[44,84930,63],{"class":62},[44,84932,1218],{"class":66},[44,84934,63],{"class":62},[44,84936,72],{"class":58},[44,84938,75],{"class":62},[44,84940,57403],{"class":66},[44,84942,63],{"class":62},[44,84944,72],{"class":58},[44,84946,75],{"class":62},[44,84948,3745],{"class":66},[44,84950,63],{"class":62},[44,84952,3286],{"class":58},[44,84954,84955,84957,84959,84961,84963,84965],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,84956,136],{"class":135},[44,84958,121],{"class":58},[44,84960,84275],{"class":135},[44,84962,121],{"class":58},[44,84964,3762],{"class":117},[44,84966,244],{"class":58},[20,84968,247],{},[35,84970,84972],{"className":37,"code":84971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\n",[15,84973,84974],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,84975,84976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,84977,84971],{"class":50},[20,84979,84980],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84982,84983,84984,114],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[270,84985,84986,5431],{"href":74138},[15,84987,74041],{},[30,84989,895,84991,84993],{"id":84990},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84992,83851],{}," with a key function",[20,84995,164,84996,84998],{},[15,84997,14490],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85000,11107],{},[169,85002,85003,85008,85013],{},[172,85004,85005,85007],{},[15,85006,14490],{}," changes the comparison rule",[172,85009,85010,85012],{},[15,85011,83851],{}," still returns the original item",[172,85014,85015],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[338,85017,85019],{"id":85018},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[35,85021,85023],{"className":37,"code":85022,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85024,85025,85058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85026,85027,85029,85031,85033,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85054,85056],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85028,3720],{"class":50},[44,85030,55],{"class":54},[44,85032,3273],{"class":58},[44,85034,63],{"class":62},[44,85036,67943],{"class":66},[44,85038,63],{"class":62},[44,85040,72],{"class":58},[44,85042,75],{"class":62},[44,85044,569],{"class":66},[44,85046,63],{"class":62},[44,85048,72],{"class":58},[44,85050,75],{"class":62},[44,85052,85053],{"class":66},"giraffe",[44,85055,63],{"class":62},[44,85057,3286],{"class":58},[44,85059,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074,85076,85078],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85061,136],{"class":135},[44,85063,121],{"class":58},[44,85065,84275],{"class":135},[44,85067,121],{"class":58},[44,85069,3762],{"class":117},[44,85071,72],{"class":58},[44,85073,21220],{"class":8826},[44,85075,55],{"class":54},[44,85077,1365],{"class":135},[44,85079,244],{"class":58},[20,85081,247],{},[35,85083,85085],{"className":37,"code":85084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat\n",[15,85086,85087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85088,85089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85090,85084],{"class":50},[338,85092,85094],{"id":85093},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[35,85096,85098],{"className":37,"code":85097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85099,85100,85110,85145,85177,85209,85213,85217,85256],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85101,85102,85105,85107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85103,85104],{"class":50},"students ",[44,85106,55],{"class":54},[44,85108,85109],{"class":58}," [\n",[44,85111,85112,85115,85117,85119,85121,85123,85125,85127,85129,85131,85133,85136,85138,85140,85142],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85113,85114],{"class":58},"    {",[44,85116,63],{"class":62},[44,85118,7318],{"class":66},[44,85120,63],{"class":62},[44,85122,1155],{"class":58},[44,85124,75],{"class":62},[44,85126,12531],{"class":66},[44,85128,63],{"class":62},[44,85130,72],{"class":58},[44,85132,75],{"class":62},[44,85134,85135],{"class":66},"score",[44,85137,63],{"class":62},[44,85139,1155],{"class":58},[44,85141,13155],{"class":206},[44,85143,85144],{"class":58},"},\n",[44,85146,85147,85149,85151,85153,85155,85157,85159,85161,85163,85165,85167,85169,85171,85173,85175],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,85148,85114],{"class":58},[44,85150,63],{"class":62},[44,85152,7318],{"class":66},[44,85154,63],{"class":62},[44,85156,1155],{"class":58},[44,85158,75],{"class":62},[44,85160,35583],{"class":66},[44,85162,63],{"class":62},[44,85164,72],{"class":58},[44,85166,75],{"class":62},[44,85168,85135],{"class":66},[44,85170,63],{"class":62},[44,85172,1155],{"class":58},[44,85174,84736],{"class":206},[44,85176,85144],{"class":58},[44,85178,85179,85181,85183,85185,85187,85189,85191,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201,85203,85205,85207],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,85180,85114],{"class":58},[44,85182,63],{"class":62},[44,85184,7318],{"class":66},[44,85186,63],{"class":62},[44,85188,1155],{"class":58},[44,85190,75],{"class":62},[44,85192,35592],{"class":66},[44,85194,63],{"class":62},[44,85196,72],{"class":58},[44,85198,75],{"class":62},[44,85200,85135],{"class":66},[44,85202,63],{"class":62},[44,85204,1155],{"class":58},[44,85206,19541],{"class":206},[44,85208,8959],{"class":58},[44,85210,85211],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,85212,3286],{"class":58},[44,85214,85215],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,85216,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,85218,85219,85222,85224,85227,85229,85232,85234,85236,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85250,85252,85254],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,85220,85221],{"class":50},"lowest ",[44,85223,55],{"class":54},[44,85225,85226],{"class":135}," min",[44,85228,121],{"class":58},[44,85230,85231],{"class":117},"students",[44,85233,72],{"class":58},[44,85235,21220],{"class":8826},[44,85237,55],{"class":54},[44,85239,37296],{"class":1716},[44,85241,12557],{"class":37299},[44,85243,1155],{"class":58},[44,85245,12557],{"class":117},[44,85247,1271],{"class":58},[44,85249,63],{"class":62},[44,85251,85135],{"class":66},[44,85253,63],{"class":62},[44,85255,3538],{"class":58},[44,85257,85258,85260,85262,85265],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,85259,136],{"class":135},[44,85261,121],{"class":58},[44,85263,85264],{"class":117},"lowest",[44,85266,100],{"class":58},[20,85268,247],{},[35,85270,85272],{"className":37,"code":85271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85273,85274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85275,85276,85278,85280,85282,85284,85286,85288,85290,85292,85294,85296,85298,85300,85302,85304],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85277,8928],{"class":58},[44,85279,2948],{"class":62},[44,85281,7318],{"class":66},[44,85283,2948],{"class":62},[44,85285,1155],{"class":58},[44,85287,2943],{"class":62},[44,85289,35583],{"class":66},[44,85291,2948],{"class":62},[44,85293,72],{"class":58},[44,85295,2943],{"class":62},[44,85297,85135],{"class":66},[44,85299,2948],{"class":62},[44,85301,1155],{"class":58},[44,85303,84736],{"class":206},[44,85305,8959],{"class":58},[20,85307,85308,85309,85312],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85310,85311],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[30,85314,895,85316,85318],{"id":85315},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85317,82552],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85320,85321],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[35,85323,85325],{"className":37,"code":85324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85326,85327,85335],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85328,85329,85331,85333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85330,199],{"class":50},[44,85332,55],{"class":54},[44,85334,7487],{"class":58},[44,85336,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345,85347],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85338,136],{"class":135},[44,85340,121],{"class":58},[44,85342,84275],{"class":135},[44,85344,121],{"class":58},[44,85346,232],{"class":117},[44,85348,244],{"class":58},[20,85350,247],{},[35,85352,85354],{"className":37,"code":85353,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85355,85356],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85357,85358,85360,85362,85364,85366,85368,85370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85359,686],{"class":2546},[44,85361,1155],{"class":58},[44,85363,85226],{"class":135},[44,85365,7015],{"class":58},[44,85367,83522],{"class":50},[44,85369,11844],{"class":54},[44,85371,83527],{"class":50},[20,85373,85374,85375,1155],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85376,82552],{},[35,85378,85380],{"className":37,"code":85379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85381,85382,85390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85383,85384,85386,85388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85385,199],{"class":50},[44,85387,55],{"class":54},[44,85389,7487],{"class":58},[44,85391,85392,85394,85396,85398,85400,85402,85404,85406,85408,85410],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85393,136],{"class":135},[44,85395,121],{"class":58},[44,85397,84275],{"class":135},[44,85399,121],{"class":58},[44,85401,232],{"class":117},[44,85403,72],{"class":58},[44,85405,26163],{"class":8826},[44,85407,55],{"class":54},[44,85409,3428],{"class":3502},[44,85411,244],{"class":58},[20,85413,247],{},[35,85415,85416],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85417,85418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85419,85420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85421,11458],{"class":3502},[20,85423,85424],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85426,85427],{},"Remember:",[169,85429,85430,85438],{},[172,85431,85432,85434,85435,85437],{},[15,85433,82552],{}," works only when ",[15,85436,83851],{}," gets one iterable argument",[172,85439,85440,85441],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85442,85443],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85445,85446,85447,114],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[270,85448,891],{"href":72495},[30,85450,10394],{"id":10393},[20,85452,56412,85453,114],{},[15,85454,83851],{},[338,85456,85458,85459],{"id":85457},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85460,82552],{},[20,85462,2647,85463,1155],{},[15,85464,686],{},[35,85466,85468],{"className":37,"code":85467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85469,85470,85478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85471,85472,85474,85476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85473,7429],{"class":50},[44,85475,55],{"class":54},[44,85477,7487],{"class":58},[44,85479,85480,85482,85484,85486,85488,85490],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85481,136],{"class":135},[44,85483,121],{"class":58},[44,85485,84275],{"class":135},[44,85487,121],{"class":58},[44,85489,7458],{"class":117},[44,85491,244],{"class":58},[20,85493,85494],{},"Fix it by:",[169,85496,85497,85500],{},[172,85498,85499],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[172,85501,85502,85503],{},"or using ",[15,85504,82552],{},[35,85506,85508],{"className":37,"code":85507,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85509,85510,85518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85511,85512,85514,85516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85513,7429],{"class":50},[44,85515,55],{"class":54},[44,85517,7487],{"class":58},[44,85519,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534,85536,85538,85541,85543],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85521,136],{"class":135},[44,85523,121],{"class":58},[44,85525,84275],{"class":135},[44,85527,121],{"class":58},[44,85529,7458],{"class":117},[44,85531,72],{"class":58},[44,85533,26163],{"class":8826},[44,85535,55],{"class":54},[44,85537,63],{"class":62},[44,85539,85540],{"class":66},"no items",[44,85542,63],{"class":62},[44,85544,244],{"class":58},[338,85546,85548],{"id":85547},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85550,85551],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[35,85553,85555],{"className":37,"code":85554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85556,85557,85581],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85558,85559,85561,85563,85565,85567,85569,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85560,8816],{"class":50},[44,85562,55],{"class":54},[44,85564,3273],{"class":58},[44,85566,207],{"class":206},[44,85568,72],{"class":58},[44,85570,75],{"class":62},[44,85572,241],{"class":66},[44,85574,63],{"class":62},[44,85576,72],{"class":58},[44,85578,939],{"class":206},[44,85580,3286],{"class":58},[44,85582,85583,85585,85587,85589,85591,85593],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85584,136],{"class":135},[44,85586,121],{"class":58},[44,85588,84275],{"class":135},[44,85590,121],{"class":58},[44,85592,8855],{"class":117},[44,85594,244],{"class":58},[20,85596,247],{},[35,85598,85600],{"className":37,"code":85599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError\n",[15,85601,85602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85603,85604],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85605,85599],{"class":2546},[20,85607,85608],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85610,85611,85612,114],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85613,83851],{},[35,85615,85617],{"className":37,"code":85616,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85618,85619,85643,85669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85620,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631,85633,85635,85637,85639,85641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85622,8816],{"class":50},[44,85624,55],{"class":54},[44,85626,3273],{"class":58},[44,85628,207],{"class":206},[44,85630,72],{"class":58},[44,85632,75],{"class":62},[44,85634,241],{"class":66},[44,85636,63],{"class":62},[44,85638,72],{"class":58},[44,85640,939],{"class":206},[44,85642,3286],{"class":58},[44,85644,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663,85665,85667],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85646,199],{"class":50},[44,85648,55],{"class":54},[44,85650,3273],{"class":58},[44,85652,1837],{"class":2546},[44,85654,121],{"class":58},[44,85656,1823],{"class":117},[44,85658,144],{"class":58},[44,85660,3527],{"class":805},[44,85662,3530],{"class":50},[44,85664,1383],{"class":805},[44,85666,14215],{"class":50},[44,85668,3286],{"class":58},[44,85670,85671,85673,85675,85677,85679,85681],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,85672,136],{"class":135},[44,85674,121],{"class":58},[44,85676,84275],{"class":135},[44,85678,121],{"class":58},[44,85680,232],{"class":117},[44,85682,244],{"class":58},[20,85684,247],{},[35,85686,85687],{"className":37,"code":2592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85688,85689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85690,85691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85692,2592],{"class":206},[20,85694,85695,85696,114],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85697,2650],{},[338,85699,85701],{"id":85700},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85703,85704],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[35,85706,85708],{"className":37,"code":85707,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85709,85710,85742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85711,85712,85714,85716,85718,85720,85722,85724,85726,85728,85730,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85713,3720],{"class":50},[44,85715,55],{"class":54},[44,85717,3273],{"class":58},[44,85719,63],{"class":62},[44,85721,79176],{"class":66},[44,85723,63],{"class":62},[44,85725,72],{"class":58},[44,85727,75],{"class":62},[44,85729,57403],{"class":66},[44,85731,63],{"class":62},[44,85733,72],{"class":58},[44,85735,75],{"class":62},[44,85737,79193],{"class":66},[44,85739,63],{"class":62},[44,85741,3286],{"class":58},[44,85743,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85745,136],{"class":135},[44,85747,121],{"class":58},[44,85749,84275],{"class":135},[44,85751,121],{"class":58},[44,85753,3762],{"class":117},[44,85755,244],{"class":58},[20,85757,247],{},[35,85759,85760],{"className":37,"code":84971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85761,85762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85763,85764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85765,84971],{"class":50},[20,85767,85768],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[35,85770,85772],{"className":37,"code":85771,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85773,85774,85806],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85775,85776,85778,85780,85782,85784,85786,85788,85790,85792,85794,85796,85798,85800,85802,85804],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85777,3720],{"class":50},[44,85779,55],{"class":54},[44,85781,3273],{"class":58},[44,85783,63],{"class":62},[44,85785,79176],{"class":66},[44,85787,63],{"class":62},[44,85789,72],{"class":58},[44,85791,75],{"class":62},[44,85793,57403],{"class":66},[44,85795,63],{"class":62},[44,85797,72],{"class":58},[44,85799,75],{"class":62},[44,85801,79193],{"class":66},[44,85803,63],{"class":62},[44,85805,3286],{"class":58},[44,85807,85808,85810,85812,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826,85828,85830],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85809,136],{"class":135},[44,85811,121],{"class":58},[44,85813,84275],{"class":135},[44,85815,121],{"class":58},[44,85817,3762],{"class":117},[44,85819,72],{"class":58},[44,85821,21220],{"class":8826},[44,85823,55],{"class":54},[44,85825,3092],{"class":2546},[44,85827,114],{"class":58},[44,85829,8289],{"class":24390},[44,85831,244],{"class":58},[20,85833,247],{},[35,85835,85836],{"className":37,"code":84971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,85837,85838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85839,85840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85841,84971],{"class":50},[20,85843,85844],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[30,85846,4609,85848],{"id":85847},"when-to-use-min",[15,85849,83851],{},[20,85851,651,85852,654],{},[15,85853,83851],{},[169,85855,85856,85859,85864],{},[172,85857,85858],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[172,85860,85861,85862],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85863,14490],{},[172,85865,85866],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85868,651,85869,85873],{},[270,85870,85871],{"href":74138},[15,85872,74041],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85875,651,85876,85881],{},[270,85877,85879],{"href":85878},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85880,82197],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[30,85883,1299],{"id":1298},[20,85885,83856],{},[169,85887,85888,85896,85899,85904,85911],{},[172,85889,85890,85891,85893,85894],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85892,83851],{}," without using ",[15,85895,82552],{},[172,85897,85898],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[172,85900,1312,85901,85903],{},[15,85902,83851],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[172,85905,4353,85906,85908,85909,85012],{},[15,85907,14490],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85910,83851],{},[172,85912,895,85913,85915],{},[15,85914,82552],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85917,85918,85919,85921],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85920,83851],{},", these quick checks can help:",[35,85923,85925],{"className":37,"code":85924,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85926,85927,85941,85951,85965,85979,86001],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,85928,85929,85931,85933,85935,85937,85939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,85930,136],{"class":135},[44,85932,121],{"class":58},[44,85934,2868],{"class":2546},[44,85936,121],{"class":58},[44,85938,8855],{"class":117},[44,85940,244],{"class":58},[44,85942,85943,85945,85947,85949],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,85944,136],{"class":135},[44,85946,121],{"class":58},[44,85948,8855],{"class":117},[44,85950,100],{"class":58},[44,85952,85953,85955,85957,85959,85961,85963],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,85954,136],{"class":135},[44,85956,121],{"class":58},[44,85958,1365],{"class":135},[44,85960,121],{"class":58},[44,85962,8855],{"class":117},[44,85964,244],{"class":58},[44,85966,85967,85969,85971,85973,85975,85977],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,85968,136],{"class":135},[44,85970,121],{"class":58},[44,85972,84275],{"class":135},[44,85974,121],{"class":58},[44,85976,8855],{"class":117},[44,85978,244],{"class":58},[44,85980,85981,85983,85985,85987,85989,85991,85993,85995,85997,85999],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,85982,136],{"class":135},[44,85984,121],{"class":58},[44,85986,84275],{"class":135},[44,85988,121],{"class":58},[44,85990,8855],{"class":117},[44,85992,72],{"class":58},[44,85994,26163],{"class":8826},[44,85996,55],{"class":54},[44,85998,3428],{"class":3502},[44,86000,244],{"class":58},[44,86002,86003,86005,86007,86009,86011,86013,86015,86017,86019,86021],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,86004,136],{"class":135},[44,86006,121],{"class":58},[44,86008,84275],{"class":135},[44,86010,121],{"class":58},[44,86012,3762],{"class":117},[44,86014,72],{"class":58},[44,86016,21220],{"class":8826},[44,86018,55],{"class":54},[44,86020,1365],{"class":135},[44,86022,244],{"class":58},[20,86024,86025,86026,86029,86030,86032],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86027,86028],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86031,8855],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[30,86034,1497],{"id":1496},[338,86036,1501,86038,4793],{"id":86037},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86039,83851],{},[20,86041,86042],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[338,86044,4818,86046,84031],{"id":86045},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86047,83851],{},[20,86049,86050],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[338,86052,71263],{"id":71262},[20,86054,86055,52131,86057,84043,86059,36259],{},[15,86056,83851],{},[15,86058,686],{},[15,86060,82552],{},[338,86062,1501,86064,86066,86067,1547],{"id":86063},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86065,14490],{}," do in ",[15,86068,83851],{},[20,86070,86071,86073,86074,86076],{},[15,86072,14490],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86075,83105],{}," compares strings by length.",[338,86078,4828,86080,898,86082,1547],{"id":86079},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86081,83851],{},[15,86083,74041],{},[20,86085,86086,86088,86089,86091],{},[15,86087,83851],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86090,74041],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[30,86093,1554],{"id":1553},[169,86095,86096,86102,86108,86114,86118,86122],{},[172,86097,86098],{},[270,86099,86100,3158],{"href":85878},[15,86101,82197],{},[172,86103,86104],{},[270,86105,86106,3158],{"href":74138},[15,86107,74041],{},[172,86109,86110],{},[270,86111,86112,3158],{"href":41994},[15,86113,41997],{},[172,86115,86116],{},[270,86117,79489],{"href":77992},[172,86119,86120],{},[270,86121,58589],{"href":58588},[172,86123,86124],{},[270,86125,891],{"href":72495},[1583,86127,86128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":86130},[86131,86132,86134,86140,86142,86144,86149,86151,86157,86159,86160,86171],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":84334,"depth":103,"text":86133},"What min() does",{"id":84355,"depth":103,"text":84356,"children":86135},[86136,86137,86138,86139],{"id":84440,"depth":132,"text":84443},{"id":84502,"depth":132,"text":84505},{"id":84552,"depth":132,"text":84555},{"id":84646,"depth":132,"text":84649},{"id":84708,"depth":103,"text":86141},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84843,"depth":103,"text":86143},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84990,"depth":103,"text":86145,"children":86146},"Using min() with a key function",[86147,86148],{"id":85018,"depth":132,"text":85019},{"id":85093,"depth":132,"text":85094},{"id":85315,"depth":103,"text":86150},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10393,"depth":103,"text":10394,"children":86152},[86153,86155,86156],{"id":85457,"depth":132,"text":86154},"Empty list without default",{"id":85547,"depth":132,"text":85548},{"id":85700,"depth":132,"text":85701},{"id":85847,"depth":103,"text":86158},"When to use min()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":86161},[86162,86164,86166,86167,86169],{"id":86037,"depth":132,"text":86163},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86045,"depth":132,"text":86165},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71262,"depth":132,"text":71263},{"id":86063,"depth":132,"text":86168},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86079,"depth":132,"text":86170},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84217,"description":86172},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86179,"title":86180,"body":86181,"description":88360,"extension":1616,"meta":88361,"navigation":434,"path":88362,"seo":88363,"stem":88364,"__hash__":88365},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86182,"toc":88324},[86183,86186,86192,86198,86200,86281,86290,86294,86299,86301,86346,86348,86428,86434,86436,86439,86471,86473,86491,86493,86566,86568,86587,86591,86594,86630,86632,86699,86773,86846,86851,86855,86861,86864,86881,86884,86886,86947,86949,86969,86975,86979,86982,87052,87055,87074,87079,87155,87158,87162,87168,87172,87177,87247,87251,87256,87330,87334,87337,87412,87423,87427,87432,87522,87527,87595,87598,87617,87628,87632,87635,87640,87643,87705,87708,87719,87724,87727,87730,87735,87738,87741,87745,87748,87754,87757,87768,87770,87832,87847,87853,87856,87859,87870,87881,87887,87890,87892,87954,87964,87970,87975,87981,87985,87991,87994,88015,88017,88022,88049,88052,88079,88082,88121,88124,88162,88165,88226,88229,88231,88235,88238,88242,88248,88256,88264,88268,88271,88275,88281,88283,88321],[10,86184,86180],{"id":86185},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86187,86188,86191],{},[15,86189,86190],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86193,86194,86195,86197],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86196,86190],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[30,86199,33],{"id":32},[35,86201,86203],{"className":37,"code":86202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86204,86205,86254,86270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86206,86207,86210,86213,86215,86217,86220,86222,86224,86226,86228,86230,86232,86235,86237,86239,86242,86244,86246,86248,86252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86208,86209],{"class":805},"with",[44,86211,86212],{"class":135}," open",[44,86214,121],{"class":58},[44,86216,63],{"class":62},[44,86218,86219],{"class":66},"example.txt",[44,86221,63],{"class":62},[44,86223,72],{"class":58},[44,86225,75],{"class":62},[44,86227,60138],{"class":66},[44,86229,63],{"class":62},[44,86231,72],{"class":58},[44,86233,86234],{"class":8826}," encoding",[44,86236,55],{"class":54},[44,86238,63],{"class":62},[44,86240,86241],{"class":66},"utf-8",[44,86243,63],{"class":62},[44,86245,144],{"class":58},[44,86247,46995],{"class":805},[44,86249,86251],{"class":86250},"sMMDD"," file",[44,86253,820],{"class":58},[44,86255,86256,86259,86261,86263,86265,86268],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,86257,86258],{"class":50},"    content ",[44,86260,55],{"class":54},[44,86262,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86264,114],{"class":58},[44,86266,86267],{"class":117},"read",[44,86269,8292],{"class":58},[44,86271,86272,86274,86276,86279],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86273,825],{"class":135},[44,86275,121],{"class":58},[44,86277,86278],{"class":117},"content",[44,86280,100],{"class":58},[20,86282,651,86283,86285,86286,86289],{},[15,86284,86209],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86287,86288],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[30,86291,86293],{"id":86292},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86295,86296,86298],{},[15,86297,86190],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86300,11107],{},[169,86302,86303,86306,86311,86316],{},[172,86304,86305],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[172,86307,40542,86308,86310],{},[367,86309,881],{}," read or write anything by itself",[172,86312,17066,86313],{},[367,86314,86315],{},"file object",[172,86317,86318,86319],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[169,86320,86321,86326,86331,86336,86341],{},[172,86322,86323],{},[15,86324,86325],{},"read()",[172,86327,86328],{},[15,86329,86330],{},"readline()",[172,86332,86333],{},[15,86334,86335],{},"readlines()",[172,86337,86338],{},[15,86339,86340],{},"write()",[172,86342,86343],{},[15,86344,86345],{},"close()",[20,86347,189],{},[35,86349,86351],{"className":37,"code":86350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86352,86353,86392,86407,86417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86354,86355,86358,86360,86362,86364,86366,86368,86370,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380,86382,86384,86386,86388,86390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86356,86357],{"class":86250},"file",[44,86359,12924],{"class":54},[44,86361,86212],{"class":135},[44,86363,121],{"class":58},[44,86365,63],{"class":62},[44,86367,86219],{"class":66},[44,86369,63],{"class":62},[44,86371,72],{"class":58},[44,86373,75],{"class":62},[44,86375,60138],{"class":66},[44,86377,63],{"class":62},[44,86379,72],{"class":58},[44,86381,86234],{"class":8826},[44,86383,55],{"class":54},[44,86385,63],{"class":62},[44,86387,86241],{"class":66},[44,86389,63],{"class":62},[44,86391,100],{"class":58},[44,86393,86394,86397,86399,86401,86403,86405],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,86395,86396],{"class":50},"content ",[44,86398,55],{"class":54},[44,86400,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86402,114],{"class":58},[44,86404,86267],{"class":117},[44,86406,8292],{"class":58},[44,86408,86409,86411,86413,86415],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86410,136],{"class":135},[44,86412,121],{"class":58},[44,86414,86278],{"class":117},[44,86416,100],{"class":58},[44,86418,86419,86421,86423,86426],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,86420,86357],{"class":86250},[44,86422,114],{"class":58},[44,86424,86425],{"class":117},"close",[44,86427,8292],{"class":58},[20,86429,86430,86431,86433],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86432,86209],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[30,86435,277],{"id":276},[20,86437,86438],{},"A common form is:",[35,86440,86442],{"className":37,"code":86441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86443,86444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86445,86446,86448,86450,86452,86454,86457,86459,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86447,42063],{"class":135},[44,86449,121],{"class":58},[44,86451,86357],{"class":86250},[44,86453,72],{"class":58},[44,86455,86456],{"class":117}," mode",[44,86458,72],{"class":58},[44,86460,86234],{"class":8826},[44,86462,55],{"class":54},[44,86464,63],{"class":62},[44,86466,86241],{"class":66},[44,86468,63],{"class":62},[44,86470,100],{"class":58},[20,86472,64673],{},[169,86474,86475,86480,86485],{},[172,86476,86477,86479],{},[15,86478,86357],{}," is the file name or file path",[172,86481,86482,86484],{},[15,86483,20561],{}," controls how the file is opened",[172,86486,86487,86490],{},[15,86488,86489],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86492,189],{},[35,86494,86496],{"className":37,"code":86495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86497,86498,86541,86556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86499,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86511,86513,86515,86517,86519,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529,86531,86533,86535,86537,86539],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86501,86209],{"class":805},[44,86503,86212],{"class":135},[44,86505,121],{"class":58},[44,86507,63],{"class":62},[44,86509,86510],{"class":66},"notes.txt",[44,86512,63],{"class":62},[44,86514,72],{"class":58},[44,86516,75],{"class":62},[44,86518,60138],{"class":66},[44,86520,63],{"class":62},[44,86522,72],{"class":58},[44,86524,86234],{"class":8826},[44,86526,55],{"class":54},[44,86528,63],{"class":62},[44,86530,86241],{"class":66},[44,86532,63],{"class":62},[44,86534,144],{"class":58},[44,86536,46995],{"class":805},[44,86538,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86540,820],{"class":58},[44,86542,86543,86546,86548,86550,86552,86554],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,86544,86545],{"class":50},"    text ",[44,86547,55],{"class":54},[44,86549,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86551,114],{"class":58},[44,86553,86267],{"class":117},[44,86555,8292],{"class":58},[44,86557,86558,86560,86562,86564],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86559,825],{"class":135},[44,86561,121],{"class":58},[44,86563,34350],{"class":117},[44,86565,100],{"class":58},[20,86567,19600],{},[169,86569,86570,86576,86581],{},[172,86571,86572,86575],{},[15,86573,86574],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[172,86577,86578,86580],{},[15,86579,86288],{}," means open for reading",[172,86582,86583,86586],{},[15,86584,86585],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[30,86588,86590],{"id":86589},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86592,86593],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[169,86595,86596,86601,86607,86612,86618,86624],{},[172,86597,86598,86600],{},[15,86599,86288],{}," = read a text file",[172,86602,86603,86606],{},[15,86604,86605],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[172,86608,86609,86611],{},[15,86610,17739],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[172,86613,86614,86617],{},[15,86615,86616],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[172,86619,86620,86623],{},[15,86621,86622],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[172,86625,86626,86629],{},[15,86627,86628],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86631,1776],{},[35,86633,86635],{"className":37,"code":86634,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86636,86637,86642,86685],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86638,86639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86640,86641],{"class":147},"# Read a text file\n",[44,86643,86644,86646,86648,86650,86652,86655,86657,86659,86661,86663,86665,86667,86669,86671,86673,86675,86677,86679,86681,86683],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,86645,86209],{"class":805},[44,86647,86212],{"class":135},[44,86649,121],{"class":58},[44,86651,63],{"class":62},[44,86653,86654],{"class":66},"data.txt",[44,86656,63],{"class":62},[44,86658,72],{"class":58},[44,86660,75],{"class":62},[44,86662,60138],{"class":66},[44,86664,63],{"class":62},[44,86666,72],{"class":58},[44,86668,86234],{"class":8826},[44,86670,55],{"class":54},[44,86672,63],{"class":62},[44,86674,86241],{"class":66},[44,86676,63],{"class":62},[44,86678,144],{"class":58},[44,86680,46995],{"class":805},[44,86682,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86684,820],{"class":58},[44,86686,86687,86689,86691,86693,86695,86697],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86688,825],{"class":135},[44,86690,121],{"class":58},[44,86692,86357],{"class":86250},[44,86694,114],{"class":58},[44,86696,86267],{"class":117},[44,86698,6843],{"class":58},[35,86700,86702],{"className":37,"code":86701,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86703,86704,86709,86751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86705,86706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86707,86708],{"class":147},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[44,86710,86711,86713,86715,86717,86719,86721,86723,86725,86727,86729,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86743,86745,86747,86749],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,86712,86209],{"class":805},[44,86714,86212],{"class":135},[44,86716,121],{"class":58},[44,86718,63],{"class":62},[44,86720,86654],{"class":66},[44,86722,63],{"class":62},[44,86724,72],{"class":58},[44,86726,75],{"class":62},[44,86728,60121],{"class":66},[44,86730,63],{"class":62},[44,86732,72],{"class":58},[44,86734,86234],{"class":8826},[44,86736,55],{"class":54},[44,86738,63],{"class":62},[44,86740,86241],{"class":66},[44,86742,63],{"class":62},[44,86744,144],{"class":58},[44,86746,46995],{"class":805},[44,86748,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86750,820],{"class":58},[44,86752,86753,86756,86758,86760,86762,86764,86766,86769,86771],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86754,86755],{"class":86250},"    file",[44,86757,114],{"class":58},[44,86759,69812],{"class":117},[44,86761,121],{"class":58},[44,86763,63],{"class":62},[44,86765,34509],{"class":66},[44,86767,86768],{"class":34094},"\\n",[44,86770,63],{"class":62},[44,86772,100],{"class":58},[35,86774,86776],{"className":37,"code":86775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86777,86778,86783,86825],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86779,86780],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86781,86782],{"class":147},"# Append to a text file\n",[44,86784,86785,86787,86789,86791,86793,86795,86797,86799,86801,86803,86805,86807,86809,86811,86813,86815,86817,86819,86821,86823],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,86786,86209],{"class":805},[44,86788,86212],{"class":135},[44,86790,121],{"class":58},[44,86792,63],{"class":62},[44,86794,86654],{"class":66},[44,86796,63],{"class":62},[44,86798,72],{"class":58},[44,86800,75],{"class":62},[44,86802,270],{"class":66},[44,86804,63],{"class":62},[44,86806,72],{"class":58},[44,86808,86234],{"class":8826},[44,86810,55],{"class":54},[44,86812,63],{"class":62},[44,86814,86241],{"class":66},[44,86816,63],{"class":62},[44,86818,144],{"class":58},[44,86820,46995],{"class":805},[44,86822,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86824,820],{"class":58},[44,86826,86827,86829,86831,86833,86835,86837,86840,86842,86844],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,86828,86755],{"class":86250},[44,86830,114],{"class":58},[44,86832,69812],{"class":117},[44,86834,121],{"class":58},[44,86836,63],{"class":62},[44,86838,86839],{"class":66},"Another line",[44,86841,86768],{"class":34094},[44,86843,63],{"class":62},[44,86845,100],{"class":58},[20,86847,68964,86848,86850],{},[15,86849,86605],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[30,86852,86854],{"id":86853},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86856,86857,21615,86859,114],{},[15,86858,86190],{},[367,86860,86315],{},[20,86862,86863],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[169,86865,86866,86871,86876],{},[172,86867,86868],{},[15,86869,86870],{},"file.read()",[172,86872,86873],{},[15,86874,86875],{},"file.write()",[172,86877,86878],{},[15,86879,86880],{},"file.close()",[20,86882,86883],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86885,189],{},[35,86887,86889],{"className":37,"code":86888,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86890,86891,86933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86892,86893,86895,86897,86899,86901,86903,86905,86907,86909,86911,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925,86927,86929,86931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86894,86209],{"class":805},[44,86896,86212],{"class":135},[44,86898,121],{"class":58},[44,86900,63],{"class":62},[44,86902,86219],{"class":66},[44,86904,63],{"class":62},[44,86906,72],{"class":58},[44,86908,75],{"class":62},[44,86910,60138],{"class":66},[44,86912,63],{"class":62},[44,86914,72],{"class":58},[44,86916,86234],{"class":8826},[44,86918,55],{"class":54},[44,86920,63],{"class":62},[44,86922,86241],{"class":66},[44,86924,63],{"class":62},[44,86926,144],{"class":58},[44,86928,46995],{"class":805},[44,86930,86251],{"class":86250},[44,86932,820],{"class":58},[44,86934,86935,86937,86939,86941,86943,86945],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,86936,825],{"class":135},[44,86938,121],{"class":58},[44,86940,2868],{"class":2546},[44,86942,121],{"class":58},[44,86944,86357],{"class":86250},[44,86946,244],{"class":58},[20,86948,29669],{},[35,86950,86952],{"className":37,"code":86951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86953,86954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86955,86956,86958,86960,86962,86965,86967],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86957,2937],{"class":54},[44,86959,2940],{"class":1716},[44,86961,2943],{"class":62},[44,86963,86964],{"class":66},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[44,86966,2948],{"class":62},[44,86968,2951],{"class":54},[20,86970,86971,86972,86974],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86973,86190],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[30,86976,86978],{"id":86977},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86980,86981],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[35,86983,86984],{"className":37,"code":86202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,86985,86986,87028,87042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,86987,86988,86990,86992,86994,86996,86998,87000,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010,87012,87014,87016,87018,87020,87022,87024,87026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,86989,86209],{"class":805},[44,86991,86212],{"class":135},[44,86993,121],{"class":58},[44,86995,63],{"class":62},[44,86997,86219],{"class":66},[44,86999,63],{"class":62},[44,87001,72],{"class":58},[44,87003,75],{"class":62},[44,87005,60138],{"class":66},[44,87007,63],{"class":62},[44,87009,72],{"class":58},[44,87011,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87013,55],{"class":54},[44,87015,63],{"class":62},[44,87017,86241],{"class":66},[44,87019,63],{"class":62},[44,87021,144],{"class":58},[44,87023,46995],{"class":805},[44,87025,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87027,820],{"class":58},[44,87029,87030,87032,87034,87036,87038,87040],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87031,86258],{"class":50},[44,87033,55],{"class":54},[44,87035,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87037,114],{"class":58},[44,87039,86267],{"class":117},[44,87041,8292],{"class":58},[44,87043,87044,87046,87048,87050],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87045,825],{"class":135},[44,87047,121],{"class":58},[44,87049,86278],{"class":117},[44,87051,100],{"class":58},[20,87053,87054],{},"Why this is recommended:",[169,87056,87057,87062,87068,87071],{},[172,87058,87059,87061],{},[15,87060,86209],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[172,87063,87064,87065,87067],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87066,86345],{}," yourself",[172,87069,87070],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[172,87072,87073],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87075,83368,87076,87078],{},[15,87077,86209],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[35,87080,87081],{"className":37,"code":86350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87082,87083,87121,87135,87145],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87084,87085,87087,87089,87091,87093,87095,87097,87099,87101,87103,87105,87107,87109,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87086,86357],{"class":86250},[44,87088,12924],{"class":54},[44,87090,86212],{"class":135},[44,87092,121],{"class":58},[44,87094,63],{"class":62},[44,87096,86219],{"class":66},[44,87098,63],{"class":62},[44,87100,72],{"class":58},[44,87102,75],{"class":62},[44,87104,60138],{"class":66},[44,87106,63],{"class":62},[44,87108,72],{"class":58},[44,87110,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87112,55],{"class":54},[44,87114,63],{"class":62},[44,87116,86241],{"class":66},[44,87118,63],{"class":62},[44,87120,100],{"class":58},[44,87122,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87124,86396],{"class":50},[44,87126,55],{"class":54},[44,87128,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87130,114],{"class":58},[44,87132,86267],{"class":117},[44,87134,8292],{"class":58},[44,87136,87137,87139,87141,87143],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87138,136],{"class":135},[44,87140,121],{"class":58},[44,87142,86278],{"class":117},[44,87144,100],{"class":58},[44,87146,87147,87149,87151,87153],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,87148,86357],{"class":86250},[44,87150,114],{"class":58},[44,87152,86425],{"class":117},[44,87154,8292],{"class":58},[20,87156,87157],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[30,87159,87161],{"id":87160},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87163,87164,87165,87167],{},"Use mode ",[15,87166,86288],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[338,87169,87171],{"id":87170},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87173,87174,87176],{},[15,87175,86325],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[35,87178,87179],{"className":37,"code":86202,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,87180,87181,87223,87237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87182,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205,87207,87209,87211,87213,87215,87217,87219,87221],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87184,86209],{"class":805},[44,87186,86212],{"class":135},[44,87188,121],{"class":58},[44,87190,63],{"class":62},[44,87192,86219],{"class":66},[44,87194,63],{"class":62},[44,87196,72],{"class":58},[44,87198,75],{"class":62},[44,87200,60138],{"class":66},[44,87202,63],{"class":62},[44,87204,72],{"class":58},[44,87206,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87208,55],{"class":54},[44,87210,63],{"class":62},[44,87212,86241],{"class":66},[44,87214,63],{"class":62},[44,87216,144],{"class":58},[44,87218,46995],{"class":805},[44,87220,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87222,820],{"class":58},[44,87224,87225,87227,87229,87231,87233,87235],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87226,86258],{"class":50},[44,87228,55],{"class":54},[44,87230,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87232,114],{"class":58},[44,87234,86267],{"class":117},[44,87236,8292],{"class":58},[44,87238,87239,87241,87243,87245],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87240,825],{"class":135},[44,87242,121],{"class":58},[44,87244,86278],{"class":117},[44,87246,100],{"class":58},[338,87248,87250],{"id":87249},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87252,87253,87255],{},[15,87254,86330],{}," reads one line at a time.",[35,87257,87259],{"className":37,"code":87258,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87260,87261,87303,87319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87262,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279,87281,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87295,87297,87299,87301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87264,86209],{"class":805},[44,87266,86212],{"class":135},[44,87268,121],{"class":58},[44,87270,63],{"class":62},[44,87272,86219],{"class":66},[44,87274,63],{"class":62},[44,87276,72],{"class":58},[44,87278,75],{"class":62},[44,87280,60138],{"class":66},[44,87282,63],{"class":62},[44,87284,72],{"class":58},[44,87286,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87288,55],{"class":54},[44,87290,63],{"class":62},[44,87292,86241],{"class":66},[44,87294,63],{"class":62},[44,87296,144],{"class":58},[44,87298,46995],{"class":805},[44,87300,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87302,820],{"class":58},[44,87304,87305,87308,87310,87312,87314,87317],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87306,87307],{"class":50},"    first_line ",[44,87309,55],{"class":54},[44,87311,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87313,114],{"class":58},[44,87315,87316],{"class":117},"readline",[44,87318,8292],{"class":58},[44,87320,87321,87323,87325,87328],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87322,825],{"class":135},[44,87324,121],{"class":58},[44,87326,87327],{"class":117},"first_line",[44,87329,100],{"class":58},[338,87331,87333],{"id":87332},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87335,87336],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[35,87338,87340],{"className":37,"code":87339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87341,87342,87384,87398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87343,87344,87346,87348,87350,87352,87354,87356,87358,87360,87362,87364,87366,87368,87370,87372,87374,87376,87378,87380,87382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87345,86209],{"class":805},[44,87347,86212],{"class":135},[44,87349,121],{"class":58},[44,87351,63],{"class":62},[44,87353,86219],{"class":66},[44,87355,63],{"class":62},[44,87357,72],{"class":58},[44,87359,75],{"class":62},[44,87361,60138],{"class":66},[44,87363,63],{"class":62},[44,87365,72],{"class":58},[44,87367,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87369,55],{"class":54},[44,87371,63],{"class":62},[44,87373,86241],{"class":66},[44,87375,63],{"class":62},[44,87377,144],{"class":58},[44,87379,46995],{"class":805},[44,87381,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87383,820],{"class":58},[44,87385,87386,87389,87392,87394,87396],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87387,87388],{"class":805},"    for",[44,87390,87391],{"class":50}," line ",[44,87393,1383],{"class":805},[44,87395,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87397,820],{"class":58},[44,87399,87400,87402,87404,87406,87408,87410],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87401,46975],{"class":135},[44,87403,121],{"class":58},[44,87405,46],{"class":117},[44,87407,114],{"class":58},[44,87409,8283],{"class":117},[44,87411,6843],{"class":58},[20,87413,87414,87415,2522,87419,114],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[270,87416,87418],{"href":87417},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[270,87420,87422],{"href":87421},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[30,87424,87426],{"id":87425},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87428,651,87429,87431],{},[15,87430,86605],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[35,87433,87435],{"className":37,"code":87434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87436,87437,87480,87501],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87438,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87440,86209],{"class":805},[44,87442,86212],{"class":135},[44,87444,121],{"class":58},[44,87446,63],{"class":62},[44,87448,87449],{"class":66},"output.txt",[44,87451,63],{"class":62},[44,87453,72],{"class":58},[44,87455,75],{"class":62},[44,87457,60121],{"class":66},[44,87459,63],{"class":62},[44,87461,72],{"class":58},[44,87463,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87465,55],{"class":54},[44,87467,63],{"class":62},[44,87469,86241],{"class":66},[44,87471,63],{"class":62},[44,87473,144],{"class":58},[44,87475,46995],{"class":805},[44,87477,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87479,820],{"class":58},[44,87481,87482,87484,87486,87488,87490,87492,87495,87497,87499],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87483,86755],{"class":86250},[44,87485,114],{"class":58},[44,87487,69812],{"class":117},[44,87489,121],{"class":58},[44,87491,63],{"class":62},[44,87493,87494],{"class":66},"First line",[44,87496,86768],{"class":34094},[44,87498,63],{"class":62},[44,87500,100],{"class":58},[44,87502,87503,87505,87507,87509,87511,87513,87516,87518,87520],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,87504,86755],{"class":86250},[44,87506,114],{"class":58},[44,87508,69812],{"class":117},[44,87510,121],{"class":58},[44,87512,63],{"class":62},[44,87514,87515],{"class":66},"Second line",[44,87517,86768],{"class":34094},[44,87519,63],{"class":62},[44,87521,100],{"class":58},[20,87523,651,87524,87526],{},[15,87525,17739],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[35,87528,87530],{"className":37,"code":87529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87531,87532,87574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87533,87534,87536,87538,87540,87542,87544,87546,87548,87550,87552,87554,87556,87558,87560,87562,87564,87566,87568,87570,87572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87535,86209],{"class":805},[44,87537,86212],{"class":135},[44,87539,121],{"class":58},[44,87541,63],{"class":62},[44,87543,87449],{"class":66},[44,87545,63],{"class":62},[44,87547,72],{"class":58},[44,87549,75],{"class":62},[44,87551,270],{"class":66},[44,87553,63],{"class":62},[44,87555,72],{"class":58},[44,87557,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87559,55],{"class":54},[44,87561,63],{"class":62},[44,87563,86241],{"class":66},[44,87565,63],{"class":62},[44,87567,144],{"class":58},[44,87569,46995],{"class":805},[44,87571,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87573,820],{"class":58},[44,87575,87576,87578,87580,87582,87584,87586,87589,87591,87593],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87577,86755],{"class":86250},[44,87579,114],{"class":58},[44,87581,69812],{"class":117},[44,87583,121],{"class":58},[44,87585,63],{"class":62},[44,87587,87588],{"class":66},"Third line",[44,87590,86768],{"class":34094},[44,87592,63],{"class":62},[44,87594,100],{"class":58},[20,87596,87597],{},"Important detail:",[169,87599,87600,87605,87612],{},[172,87601,87602,87604],{},[15,87603,86340],{}," writes a string",[172,87606,87607,13702,87609,87611],{},[15,87608,86340],{},[367,87610,881],{}," add a newline for you",[172,87613,87614,87615,87067],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87616,86768],{},[20,87618,87619,87620,2522,87624,114],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[270,87621,87623],{"href":87622},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[270,87625,87627],{"href":87626},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[30,87629,87631],{"id":87630},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87633,87634],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[338,87636,87638],{"id":87637},"encodingutf-8",[15,87639,86585],{},[20,87641,87642],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[35,87644,87646],{"className":37,"code":87645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87647,87648,87691],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87649,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677,87679,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87651,86209],{"class":805},[44,87653,86212],{"class":135},[44,87655,121],{"class":58},[44,87657,63],{"class":62},[44,87659,87660],{"class":66},"message.txt",[44,87662,63],{"class":62},[44,87664,72],{"class":58},[44,87666,75],{"class":62},[44,87668,60138],{"class":66},[44,87670,63],{"class":62},[44,87672,72],{"class":58},[44,87674,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87676,55],{"class":54},[44,87678,63],{"class":62},[44,87680,86241],{"class":66},[44,87682,63],{"class":62},[44,87684,144],{"class":58},[44,87686,46995],{"class":805},[44,87688,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87690,820],{"class":58},[44,87692,87693,87695,87697,87699,87701,87703],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87694,825],{"class":135},[44,87696,121],{"class":58},[44,87698,86357],{"class":86250},[44,87700,114],{"class":58},[44,87702,86267],{"class":117},[44,87704,6843],{"class":58},[20,87706,87707],{},"Why it matters:",[169,87709,87710,87713,87716],{},[172,87711,87712],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[172,87714,87715],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[172,87717,87718],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[338,87720,87722],{"id":87721},"newline",[15,87723,87721],{},[20,87725,87726],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87728,87729],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[338,87731,87733],{"id":87732},"buffering",[15,87734,87732],{},[20,87736,87737],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87739,87740],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[30,87742,87744],{"id":87743},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87746,87747],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[338,87749,87751],{"id":87750},"filenotfounderror",[15,87752,87753],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87755,87756],{},"This happens when:",[169,87758,87759,87762,87765],{},[172,87760,87761],{},"the file does not exist",[172,87763,87764],{},"the path is wrong",[172,87766,87767],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87769,189],{},[35,87771,87773],{"className":37,"code":87772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87774,87775,87818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87776,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87788,87790,87792,87794,87796,87798,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87778,86209],{"class":805},[44,87780,86212],{"class":135},[44,87782,121],{"class":58},[44,87784,63],{"class":62},[44,87786,87787],{"class":66},"missing.txt",[44,87789,63],{"class":62},[44,87791,72],{"class":58},[44,87793,75],{"class":62},[44,87795,60138],{"class":66},[44,87797,63],{"class":62},[44,87799,72],{"class":58},[44,87801,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87803,55],{"class":54},[44,87805,63],{"class":62},[44,87807,86241],{"class":66},[44,87809,63],{"class":62},[44,87811,144],{"class":58},[44,87813,46995],{"class":805},[44,87815,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87817,820],{"class":58},[44,87819,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87821,825],{"class":135},[44,87823,121],{"class":58},[44,87825,86357],{"class":86250},[44,87827,114],{"class":58},[44,87829,86267],{"class":117},[44,87831,6843],{"class":58},[20,87833,87834,87835,898,87843,114],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[270,87836,87838,87839,87842],{"href":87837},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[44,87840,87841],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[270,87844,87846],{"href":87845},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[338,87848,87850],{"id":87849},"permissionerror",[15,87851,87852],{},"PermissionError",[20,87854,87855],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87857,87858],{},"Example causes:",[169,87860,87861,87864,87867],{},[172,87862,87863],{},"the file is protected",[172,87865,87866],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[172,87868,87869],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87871,87872,87873],{},"Related page: ",[270,87874,87876,87877,87880],{"href":87875},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[44,87878,87879],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[338,87882,87884],{"id":87883},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87885,87886],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87888,87889],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87891,189],{},[35,87893,87895],{"className":37,"code":87894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87896,87897,87940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,87898,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934,87936,87938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,87900,86209],{"class":805},[44,87902,86212],{"class":135},[44,87904,121],{"class":58},[44,87906,63],{"class":62},[44,87908,87909],{"class":66},"my_folder",[44,87911,63],{"class":62},[44,87913,72],{"class":58},[44,87915,75],{"class":62},[44,87917,60138],{"class":66},[44,87919,63],{"class":62},[44,87921,72],{"class":58},[44,87923,86234],{"class":8826},[44,87925,55],{"class":54},[44,87927,63],{"class":62},[44,87929,86241],{"class":66},[44,87931,63],{"class":62},[44,87933,144],{"class":58},[44,87935,46995],{"class":805},[44,87937,86251],{"class":86250},[44,87939,820],{"class":58},[44,87941,87942,87944,87946,87948,87950,87952],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,87943,825],{"class":135},[44,87945,121],{"class":58},[44,87947,86357],{"class":86250},[44,87949,114],{"class":58},[44,87951,86267],{"class":117},[44,87953,6843],{"class":58},[20,87955,87872,87956],{},[270,87957,87959,87960,87963],{"href":87958},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[44,87961,87962],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[338,87965,87967],{"id":87966},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87968,87969],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87971,87972,87973,114],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87974,86190],{},[20,87976,87872,87977],{},[270,87978,87980],{"href":87979},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[30,87982,87984],{"id":87983},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87986,87987,87988,87990],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87989,86190],{}," function.",[20,87992,87993],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[169,87995,87996,87999,88002,88008],{},[172,87997,87998],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[172,88000,88001],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[172,88003,88004,88005,88007],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88006,86190],{}," itself",[172,88009,88010,88011],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[270,88012,88014],{"href":88013},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[30,88016,1299],{"id":1298},[20,88018,88019,88020,1155],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88021,86190],{},[169,88023,88024,88029,88035,88040,88043,88046],{},[172,88025,895,88026,88028],{},[15,88027,86288],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[172,88030,88031,88032,88034],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88033,86489],{}," for text files",[172,88036,895,88037,88039],{},[15,88038,86605],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[172,88041,88042],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[172,88044,88045],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[172,88047,88048],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88050,88051],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[35,88053,88055],{"className":37,"code":88054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88056,88057,88064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88058,88059,88061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88060,34733],{"class":805},[44,88062,88063],{"class":50}," os\n",[44,88065,88066,88068,88070,88072,88074,88077],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88067,136],{"class":135},[44,88069,121],{"class":58},[44,88071,42262],{"class":117},[44,88073,114],{"class":58},[44,88075,88076],{"class":117},"getcwd",[44,88078,6843],{"class":58},[20,88080,88081],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[35,88083,88085],{"className":37,"code":88084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88086,88087,88093],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88088,88089,88091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88090,34733],{"class":805},[44,88092,88063],{"class":50},[44,88094,88095,88097,88099,88101,88103,88106,88108,88111,88113,88115,88117,88119],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88096,136],{"class":135},[44,88098,121],{"class":58},[44,88100,42262],{"class":117},[44,88102,114],{"class":58},[44,88104,88105],{"class":24390},"path",[44,88107,114],{"class":58},[44,88109,88110],{"class":117},"exists",[44,88112,121],{"class":58},[44,88114,63],{"class":62},[44,88116,86219],{"class":66},[44,88118,63],{"class":62},[44,88120,244],{"class":58},[20,88122,88123],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[35,88125,88127],{"className":37,"code":88126,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88128,88129,88135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88130,88131,88133],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88132,34733],{"class":805},[44,88134,88063],{"class":50},[44,88136,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145,88147,88149,88152,88154,88156,88158,88160],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88138,136],{"class":135},[44,88140,121],{"class":58},[44,88142,42262],{"class":117},[44,88144,114],{"class":58},[44,88146,88105],{"class":24390},[44,88148,114],{"class":58},[44,88150,88151],{"class":117},"isfile",[44,88153,121],{"class":58},[44,88155,63],{"class":62},[44,88157,86219],{"class":66},[44,88159,63],{"class":62},[44,88161,244],{"class":58},[20,88163,88164],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[35,88166,88168],{"className":37,"code":88167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88169,88170,88212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88171,88172,88174,88176,88178,88180,88182,88184,88186,88188,88190,88192,88194,88196,88198,88200,88202,88204,88206,88208,88210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88173,86209],{"class":805},[44,88175,86212],{"class":135},[44,88177,121],{"class":58},[44,88179,63],{"class":62},[44,88181,86219],{"class":66},[44,88183,63],{"class":62},[44,88185,72],{"class":58},[44,88187,75],{"class":62},[44,88189,60138],{"class":66},[44,88191,63],{"class":62},[44,88193,72],{"class":58},[44,88195,86234],{"class":8826},[44,88197,55],{"class":54},[44,88199,63],{"class":62},[44,88201,86241],{"class":66},[44,88203,63],{"class":62},[44,88205,144],{"class":58},[44,88207,46995],{"class":805},[44,88209,86251],{"class":86250},[44,88211,820],{"class":58},[44,88213,88214,88216,88218,88220,88222,88224],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88215,825],{"class":135},[44,88217,121],{"class":58},[44,88219,86357],{"class":86250},[44,88221,114],{"class":58},[44,88223,86267],{"class":117},[44,88225,6843],{"class":58},[20,88227,88228],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[30,88230,1497],{"id":1496},[338,88232,88234],{"id":88233},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88236,88237],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[338,88239,88241],{"id":88240},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88243,88244,88245,88247],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88246,86209],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[338,88249,4828,88251,898,88253,88255],{"id":88250},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88252,86605],{},[15,88254,17739],{}," mode?",[20,88257,88258,88260,88261,88263],{},[15,88259,86605],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88262,17739],{}," adds new content to the end.",[338,88265,88267],{"id":88266},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88269,88270],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[338,88272,88274],{"id":88273},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88276,88277,88278,88280],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88279,86585],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[30,88282,1554],{"id":1553},[169,88284,88285,88289,88293,88297,88301,88305,88309,88315],{},[172,88286,88287],{},[270,88288,87418],{"href":87417},[172,88290,88291],{},[270,88292,87623],{"href":87622},[172,88294,88295],{},[270,88296,87627],{"href":87626},[172,88298,88299],{},[270,88300,87422],{"href":87421},[172,88302,88303],{},[270,88304,88014],{"href":88013},[172,88306,88307],{},[270,88308,87846],{"href":87845},[172,88310,88311],{},[270,88312,87838,88313,87842],{"href":87837},[44,88314,87841],{},[172,88316,88317],{},[270,88318,87876,88319,87880],{"href":87875},[44,88320,87879],{},[1583,88322,88323],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":88325},[88326,88327,88328,88329,88330,88331,88332,88337,88338,88343,88349,88350,88351,88359],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":86292,"depth":103,"text":86293},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":86589,"depth":103,"text":86590},{"id":86853,"depth":103,"text":86854},{"id":86977,"depth":103,"text":86978},{"id":87160,"depth":103,"text":87161,"children":88333},[88334,88335,88336],{"id":87170,"depth":132,"text":87171},{"id":87249,"depth":132,"text":87250},{"id":87332,"depth":132,"text":87333},{"id":87425,"depth":103,"text":87426},{"id":87630,"depth":103,"text":87631,"children":88339},[88340,88341,88342],{"id":87637,"depth":132,"text":86585},{"id":87721,"depth":132,"text":87721},{"id":87732,"depth":132,"text":87732},{"id":87743,"depth":103,"text":87744,"children":88344},[88345,88346,88347,88348],{"id":87750,"depth":132,"text":87753},{"id":87849,"depth":132,"text":87852},{"id":87883,"depth":132,"text":87886},{"id":87966,"depth":132,"text":87969},{"id":87983,"depth":103,"text":87984},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":88352},[88353,88354,88355,88357,88358],{"id":88233,"depth":132,"text":88234},{"id":88240,"depth":132,"text":88241},{"id":88250,"depth":132,"text":88356},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88266,"depth":132,"text":88267},{"id":88273,"depth":132,"text":88274},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86180,"description":88360},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88367,"title":88368,"body":88369,"description":90364,"extension":1616,"meta":90365,"navigation":434,"path":90366,"seo":90367,"stem":90368,"__hash__":90369},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88370,"toc":90311},[88371,88376,88381,88387,88389,88457,88459,88478,88483,88488,88493,88496,88508,88510,88553,88555,88573,88584,88586,88588,88613,88615,88626,88628,88688,88690,88716,88719,88723,88728,88732,88735,88769,88773,88776,88801,88805,88828,88832,88865,88870,88874,88879,88882,88950,88952,88976,88981,88984,89015,89017,89049,89066,89070,89075,89099,89106,89111,89116,89119,89123,89158,89160,89169,89173,89264,89266,89297,89302,89309,89314,89323,89326,89360,89362,89376,89380,89421,89423,89432,89436,89484,89486,89500,89505,89516,89523,89529,89531,89566,89568,89582,89585,89607,89613,89642,89653,89659,89665,89679,89681,89760,89762,89812,89819,89821,89826,89830,89833,89848,89853,89855,89874,89880,89883,89898,89900,89918,89924,89929,89959,89962,89985,89988,90015,90022,90028,90036,90059,90064,90072,90074,90094,90098,90104,90154,90157,90179,90181,90187,90195,90201,90207,90215,90220,90224,90227,90250,90255,90262,90274,90276,90308],[10,88372,3225,88374,3229],{"id":88373},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88375,46090],{},[20,88377,31958,88378,88380],{},[15,88379,46090],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88382,88383,88384,88386],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88385,46090],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[30,88388,33],{"id":32},[35,88390,88392],{"className":37,"code":88391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88393,88394,88406,88415,88419,88429,88439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88395,88396,88398,88400,88402,88404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88397,7525],{"class":50},[44,88399,55],{"class":54},[44,88401,75],{"class":62},[44,88403,7570],{"class":66},[44,88405,3007],{"class":62},[44,88407,88408,88410,88412],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88409,21268],{"class":50},[44,88411,55],{"class":54},[44,88413,88414],{"class":206}," 12\n",[44,88416,88417],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88418,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,88420,88421,88423,88425,88427],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,88422,136],{"class":135},[44,88424,121],{"class":58},[44,88426,7318],{"class":117},[44,88428,100],{"class":58},[44,88430,88431,88433,88435,88437],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,88432,136],{"class":135},[44,88434,121],{"class":58},[44,88436,8949],{"class":117},[44,88438,100],{"class":58},[44,88440,88441,88443,88445,88447,88449,88451,88453,88455],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,88442,136],{"class":135},[44,88444,121],{"class":58},[44,88446,63],{"class":62},[44,88448,34509],{"class":66},[44,88450,63],{"class":62},[44,88452,72],{"class":58},[44,88454,35634],{"class":117},[44,88456,100],{"class":58},[20,88458,247],{},[35,88460,88462],{"className":37,"code":88461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88463,88464,88469,88473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88465,88466],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88467,88468],{"class":50},"Mia\n",[44,88470,88471],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88472,1873],{"class":206},[44,88474,88475],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88476,88477],{"class":50},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88479,651,88480,88482],{},[15,88481,46090],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[30,88484,158,88486,161],{"id":88485},"what-print-does",[15,88487,46090],{},[20,88489,88490,88492],{},[15,88491,46090],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88494,88495],{},"You can use it to display:",[169,88497,88498,88500,88502,88505],{},[172,88499,34350],{},[172,88501,232],{},[172,88503,88504],{},"variables",[172,88506,88507],{},"expressions",[20,88509,189],{},[35,88511,88513],{"className":37,"code":88512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88514,88515,88529,88539],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88516,88517,88519,88521,88523,88525,88527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88518,136],{"class":135},[44,88520,121],{"class":58},[44,88522,63],{"class":62},[44,88524,34509],{"class":66},[44,88526,63],{"class":62},[44,88528,100],{"class":58},[44,88530,88531,88533,88535,88537],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88532,136],{"class":135},[44,88534,121],{"class":58},[44,88536,929],{"class":206},[44,88538,100],{"class":58},[44,88540,88541,88543,88545,88547,88549,88551],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88542,136],{"class":135},[44,88544,121],{"class":58},[44,88546,1137],{"class":206},[44,88548,2100],{"class":54},[44,88550,524],{"class":206},[44,88552,100],{"class":58},[20,88554,247],{},[35,88556,88558],{"className":37,"code":88557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88559,88560,88565,88569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88561,88562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88563,88564],{"class":50},"Hello\n",[44,88566,88567],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88568,2592],{"class":206},[44,88570,88571],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88572,2592],{"class":206},[20,88574,88575,88576,88578,88579,88583],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88577,46090],{}," ",[367,88580,3341,88581],{},[15,88582,3428],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[30,88585,277],{"id":276},[20,88587,30365],{},[35,88589,88591],{"className":37,"code":88590,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88592,88593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88594,88595,88597,88599,88602,88604,88607,88609,88611],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88596,136],{"class":135},[44,88598,121],{"class":58},[44,88600,88601],{"class":117},"object1",[44,88603,72],{"class":58},[44,88605,88606],{"class":117}," object2",[44,88608,72],{"class":58},[44,88610,34095],{"class":135},[44,88612,100],{"class":58},[20,88614,79819],{},[169,88616,88617,88620,88623],{},[172,88618,88619],{},"one value",[172,88621,88622],{},"many values",[172,88624,88625],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88627,189],{},[35,88629,88631],{"className":37,"code":88630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88632,88633,88647,88666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88634,88635,88637,88639,88641,88643,88645],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88636,136],{"class":135},[44,88638,121],{"class":58},[44,88640,63],{"class":62},[44,88642,57403],{"class":66},[44,88644,63],{"class":62},[44,88646,100],{"class":58},[44,88648,88649,88651,88653,88655,88658,88660,88662,88664],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88650,136],{"class":135},[44,88652,121],{"class":58},[44,88654,63],{"class":62},[44,88656,88657],{"class":66},"Score:",[44,88659,63],{"class":62},[44,88661,72],{"class":58},[44,88663,934],{"class":206},[44,88665,100],{"class":58},[44,88667,88668,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680,88682,88684,88686],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88669,136],{"class":135},[44,88671,121],{"class":58},[44,88673,63],{"class":62},[44,88675,45201],{"class":66},[44,88677,63],{"class":62},[44,88679,72],{"class":58},[44,88681,1114],{"class":206},[44,88683,2100],{"class":54},[44,88685,37280],{"class":206},[44,88687,100],{"class":58},[20,88689,247],{},[35,88691,88693],{"className":37,"code":88692,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88694,88695,88699,88708],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88696,88697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88698,84971],{"class":50},[44,88700,88701,88704,88706],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88702,88703],{"class":50},"Score",[44,88705,1155],{"class":58},[44,88707,2231],{"class":206},[44,88709,88710,88712,88714],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88711,45241],{"class":50},[44,88713,1155],{"class":58},[44,88715,2231],{"class":206},[20,88717,88718],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[30,88720,88722],{"id":88721},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88724,88725,88726,114],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88727,46090],{},[338,88729,88731],{"id":88730},"print-text","Print text",[20,88733,88734],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[35,88736,88738],{"className":37,"code":88737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88739,88740,88754],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88741,88742,88744,88746,88748,88750,88752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88743,136],{"class":135},[44,88745,121],{"class":58},[44,88747,63],{"class":62},[44,88749,34509],{"class":66},[44,88751,63],{"class":62},[44,88753,100],{"class":58},[44,88755,88756,88758,88760,88762,88765,88767],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88757,136],{"class":135},[44,88759,121],{"class":58},[44,88761,63],{"class":62},[44,88763,88764],{"class":66},"Python is fun",[44,88766,63],{"class":62},[44,88768,100],{"class":58},[338,88770,88772],{"id":88771},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88774,88775],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[35,88777,88779],{"className":37,"code":88778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88780,88781,88791],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88782,88783,88785,88787,88789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88784,136],{"class":135},[44,88786,121],{"class":58},[44,88788,929],{"class":206},[44,88790,100],{"class":58},[44,88792,88793,88795,88797,88799],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88794,136],{"class":135},[44,88796,121],{"class":58},[44,88798,39780],{"class":206},[44,88800,100],{"class":58},[338,88802,88804],{"id":88803},"print-variables","Print variables",[35,88806,88808],{"className":37,"code":88807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88809,88810,88818],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88811,88812,88814,88816],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88813,4744],{"class":50},[44,88815,55],{"class":54},[44,88817,13779],{"class":206},[44,88819,88820,88822,88824,88826],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88821,136],{"class":135},[44,88823,121],{"class":58},[44,88825,85135],{"class":117},[44,88827,100],{"class":58},[338,88829,88831],{"id":88830},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[35,88833,88835],{"className":37,"code":88834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88836,88837,88851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88838,88839,88841,88843,88845,88847,88849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88840,136],{"class":135},[44,88842,121],{"class":58},[44,88844,1137],{"class":206},[44,88846,2100],{"class":54},[44,88848,524],{"class":206},[44,88850,100],{"class":58},[44,88852,88853,88855,88857,88859,88861,88863],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88854,136],{"class":135},[44,88856,121],{"class":58},[44,88858,207],{"class":206},[44,88860,82448],{"class":54},[44,88862,1114],{"class":206},[44,88864,100],{"class":58},[20,88866,88867,88868,114],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[270,88869,50612],{"href":50611},[30,88871,88873],{"id":88872},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88875,88876,88878],{},[15,88877,46090],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88880,88881],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[35,88883,88885],{"className":37,"code":88884,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88886,88887,88900,88908,88912,88931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88888,88889,88891,88893,88895,88898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88890,7525],{"class":50},[44,88892,55],{"class":54},[44,88894,75],{"class":62},[44,88896,88897],{"class":66},"Ava",[44,88899,3007],{"class":62},[44,88901,88902,88904,88906],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88903,21268],{"class":50},[44,88905,55],{"class":54},[44,88907,2231],{"class":206},[44,88909,88910],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,88911,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,88913,88914,88916,88918,88920,88923,88925,88927,88929],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,88915,136],{"class":135},[44,88917,121],{"class":58},[44,88919,63],{"class":62},[44,88921,88922],{"class":66},"Name:",[44,88924,63],{"class":62},[44,88926,72],{"class":58},[44,88928,35634],{"class":117},[44,88930,100],{"class":58},[44,88932,88933,88935,88937,88939,88942,88944,88946,88948],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,88934,136],{"class":135},[44,88936,121],{"class":58},[44,88938,63],{"class":62},[44,88940,88941],{"class":66},"Age:",[44,88943,63],{"class":62},[44,88945,72],{"class":58},[44,88947,8839],{"class":117},[44,88949,100],{"class":58},[20,88951,247],{},[35,88953,88955],{"className":37,"code":88954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88956,88957,88967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88958,88959,88962,88964],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88960,88961],{"class":50},"Name",[44,88963,1155],{"class":58},[44,88965,88966],{"class":50}," Ava\n",[44,88968,88969,88972,88974],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,88970,88971],{"class":50},"Age",[44,88973,1155],{"class":58},[44,88975,2231],{"class":206},[20,88977,88978,88979,114],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88980,1711],{},[20,88982,88983],{},"For example, this works:",[35,88985,88987],{"className":37,"code":88986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88988,88989,88997],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,88990,88991,88993,88995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,88992,21268],{"class":50},[44,88994,55],{"class":54},[44,88996,2231],{"class":206},[44,88998,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007,89009,89011,89013],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89000,136],{"class":135},[44,89002,121],{"class":58},[44,89004,63],{"class":62},[44,89006,88941],{"class":66},[44,89008,63],{"class":62},[44,89010,72],{"class":58},[44,89012,8839],{"class":117},[44,89014,100],{"class":58},[20,89016,36564],{},[35,89018,89020],{"className":37,"code":89019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89021,89022,89030],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89023,89024,89026,89028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89025,21268],{"class":50},[44,89027,55],{"class":54},[44,89029,2231],{"class":206},[44,89031,89032,89034,89036,89038,89041,89043,89045,89047],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89033,136],{"class":135},[44,89035,121],{"class":58},[44,89037,63],{"class":62},[44,89039,89040],{"class":66},"Age: ",[44,89042,63],{"class":62},[44,89044,2100],{"class":54},[44,89046,8839],{"class":117},[44,89048,100],{"class":58},[20,89050,89051,89052,89055,89056,89058,89059,89061,89062,114],{},"That fails because ",[15,89053,89054],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89057,8949],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89060,1711],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[270,89063,89064],{"href":41811},[15,89065,47321],{},[30,89067,89069],{"id":89068},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89071,89072,89074],{},[15,89073,46090],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[169,89076,89077,89083,89088,89093],{},[172,89078,89079,89082],{},[15,89080,89081],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[172,89084,89085,89087],{},[15,89086,359],{}," controls what is added after the output",[172,89089,89090,89092],{},[15,89091,86357],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[172,89094,89095,89098],{},[15,89096,89097],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89100,89101,89102,898,89104,114],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89103,89081],{},[15,89105,359],{},[30,89107,89109,36253],{"id":89108},"sep-argument",[15,89110,89081],{},[20,89112,164,89113,89115],{},[15,89114,89081],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89117,89118],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[338,89120,89122],{"id":89121},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[35,89124,89126],{"className":37,"code":89125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89127,89128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89129,89130,89132,89134,89136,89138,89140,89142,89144,89146,89148,89150,89152,89154,89156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89131,136],{"class":135},[44,89133,121],{"class":58},[44,89135,63],{"class":62},[44,89137,67],{"class":66},[44,89139,63],{"class":62},[44,89141,72],{"class":58},[44,89143,75],{"class":62},[44,89145,87],{"class":66},[44,89147,63],{"class":62},[44,89149,72],{"class":58},[44,89151,75],{"class":62},[44,89153,78],{"class":66},[44,89155,63],{"class":62},[44,89157,100],{"class":58},[20,89159,247],{},[35,89161,89163],{"className":37,"code":89162,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red green blue\n",[15,89164,89165],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89166,89167],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89168,89162],{"class":50},[338,89170,89172],{"id":89171},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[35,89174,89176],{"className":37,"code":89175,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89177,89178,89221],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89179,89180,89182,89184,89186,89188,89190,89192,89194,89196,89198,89200,89202,89204,89206,89208,89211,89213,89215,89217,89219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89181,136],{"class":135},[44,89183,121],{"class":58},[44,89185,63],{"class":62},[44,89187,67],{"class":66},[44,89189,63],{"class":62},[44,89191,72],{"class":58},[44,89193,75],{"class":62},[44,89195,87],{"class":66},[44,89197,63],{"class":62},[44,89199,72],{"class":58},[44,89201,75],{"class":62},[44,89203,78],{"class":66},[44,89205,63],{"class":62},[44,89207,72],{"class":58},[44,89209,89210],{"class":8826}," sep",[44,89212,55],{"class":54},[44,89214,63],{"class":62},[44,89216,72],{"class":66},[44,89218,63],{"class":62},[44,89220,100],{"class":58},[44,89222,89223,89225,89227,89229,89231,89233,89235,89237,89239,89241,89243,89245,89247,89249,89251,89253,89255,89257,89260,89262],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89224,136],{"class":135},[44,89226,121],{"class":58},[44,89228,63],{"class":62},[44,89230,67],{"class":66},[44,89232,63],{"class":62},[44,89234,72],{"class":58},[44,89236,75],{"class":62},[44,89238,87],{"class":66},[44,89240,63],{"class":62},[44,89242,72],{"class":58},[44,89244,75],{"class":62},[44,89246,78],{"class":66},[44,89248,63],{"class":62},[44,89250,72],{"class":58},[44,89252,89210],{"class":8826},[44,89254,55],{"class":54},[44,89256,63],{"class":62},[44,89258,89259],{"class":66}," - ",[44,89261,63],{"class":62},[44,89263,100],{"class":58},[20,89265,247],{},[35,89267,89269],{"className":37,"code":89268,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89270,89271,89283],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89272,89273,89275,89277,89279,89281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89274,67],{"class":50},[44,89276,72],{"class":58},[44,89278,87],{"class":50},[44,89280,72],{"class":58},[44,89282,69598],{"class":50},[44,89284,89285,89288,89290,89293,89295],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89286,89287],{"class":50},"red ",[44,89289,1674],{"class":54},[44,89291,89292],{"class":50}," green ",[44,89294,1674],{"class":54},[44,89296,35523],{"class":50},[20,89298,89299,89301],{},[15,89300,89081],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89303,89304,89305,114],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[270,89306,89308],{"href":89307},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[30,89310,89312,36253],{"id":89311},"end-argument",[15,89313,359],{},[20,89315,89316,89317,89319,89320,89322],{},"By default, ",[15,89318,46090],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89321,46090],{}," starts on a new line.",[338,89324,89122],{"id":89325},"default-behavior-1",[35,89327,89329],{"className":37,"code":89328,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89330,89331,89345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89332,89333,89335,89337,89339,89341,89343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89334,136],{"class":135},[44,89336,121],{"class":58},[44,89338,63],{"class":62},[44,89340,34509],{"class":66},[44,89342,63],{"class":62},[44,89344,100],{"class":58},[44,89346,89347,89349,89351,89353,89356,89358],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89348,136],{"class":135},[44,89350,121],{"class":58},[44,89352,63],{"class":62},[44,89354,89355],{"class":66},"World",[44,89357,63],{"class":62},[44,89359,100],{"class":58},[20,89361,247],{},[35,89363,89365],{"className":37,"code":89364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89366,89367,89371],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89368,89369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89370,88564],{"class":50},[44,89372,89373],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89374,89375],{"class":50},"World\n",[338,89377,89379],{"id":89378},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[35,89381,89383],{"className":37,"code":89382,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89384,89385,89407],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89386,89387,89389,89391,89393,89395,89397,89399,89401,89403,89405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89388,136],{"class":135},[44,89390,121],{"class":58},[44,89392,63],{"class":62},[44,89394,34509],{"class":66},[44,89396,63],{"class":62},[44,89398,72],{"class":58},[44,89400,334],{"class":8826},[44,89402,55],{"class":54},[44,89404,5920],{"class":62},[44,89406,100],{"class":58},[44,89408,89409,89411,89413,89415,89417,89419],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89410,136],{"class":135},[44,89412,121],{"class":58},[44,89414,63],{"class":62},[44,89416,89355],{"class":66},[44,89418,63],{"class":62},[44,89420,100],{"class":58},[20,89422,247],{},[35,89424,89426],{"className":37,"code":89425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89427,89428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89429,89430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89431,89425],{"class":50},[338,89433,89435],{"id":89434},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[35,89437,89439],{"className":37,"code":89438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89440,89441,89470],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89442,89443,89445,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455,89457,89459,89461,89464,89466,89468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89444,136],{"class":135},[44,89446,121],{"class":58},[44,89448,63],{"class":62},[44,89450,34509],{"class":66},[44,89452,63],{"class":62},[44,89454,72],{"class":58},[44,89456,334],{"class":8826},[44,89458,55],{"class":54},[44,89460,63],{"class":62},[44,89462,89463],{"class":66},"!",[44,89465,86768],{"class":34094},[44,89467,63],{"class":62},[44,89469,100],{"class":58},[44,89471,89472,89474,89476,89478,89480,89482],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89473,136],{"class":135},[44,89475,121],{"class":58},[44,89477,63],{"class":62},[44,89479,89355],{"class":66},[44,89481,63],{"class":62},[44,89483,100],{"class":58},[20,89485,247],{},[35,89487,89489],{"className":37,"code":89488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89490,89491,89496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89492,89493],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89494,89495],{"class":50},"Hello!\n",[44,89497,89498],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89499,89375],{"class":50},[20,89501,164,89502,89504],{},[15,89503,359],{}," argument is useful for:",[169,89506,89507,89510,89513],{},[172,89508,89509],{},"progress messages",[172,89511,89512],{},"inline output",[172,89514,89515],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[30,89517,89519,2044,89521],{"id":89518},"print-returns-none",[15,89520,46090],{},[15,89522,3428],{},[20,89524,89525,89526,89528],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89527,46090],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89530,189],{},[35,89532,89534],{"className":37,"code":89533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89535,89536,89556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89537,89538,89540,89542,89545,89547,89549,89552,89554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89539,604],{"class":50},[44,89541,55],{"class":54},[44,89543,89544],{"class":135}," print",[44,89546,121],{"class":58},[44,89548,63],{"class":62},[44,89550,89551],{"class":66},"Hi",[44,89553,63],{"class":62},[44,89555,100],{"class":58},[44,89557,89558,89560,89562,89564],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89559,136],{"class":135},[44,89561,121],{"class":58},[44,89563,632],{"class":117},[44,89565,100],{"class":58},[20,89567,247],{},[35,89569,89571],{"className":37,"code":89570,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89572,89573,89578],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89574,89575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89576,89577],{"class":50},"Hi\n",[44,89579,89580],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89581,11458],{"class":3502},[20,89583,89584],{},"Why does this happen?",[169,89586,89587,89595,89600],{},[172,89588,89589,89592,89593],{},[15,89590,89591],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89594,89551],{},[172,89596,89597,89598],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89599,3428],{},[172,89601,89602,89603,11570,89605],{},"so ",[15,89604,632],{},[15,89606,3428],{},[20,89608,89609,89610,89612],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89611,46090],{}," call.",[35,89614,89616],{"className":37,"code":89615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89617,89618,89631],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89619,89620,89623,89625,89627,89629],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89621,89622],{"class":50},"message ",[44,89624,55],{"class":54},[44,89626,75],{"class":62},[44,89628,89551],{"class":66},[44,89630,3007],{"class":62},[44,89632,89633,89635,89637,89640],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89634,136],{"class":135},[44,89636,121],{"class":58},[44,89638,89639],{"class":117},"message",[44,89641,100],{"class":58},[20,89643,89644,89645,89647,89648,89652],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89646,46090],{}," with functions like ",[270,89649,89650],{"href":7868},[15,89651,2603],{},", which do return a value.",[30,89654,89656,89657],{"id":89655},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89658,46090],{},[20,89660,89661,89662,89664],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89663,46090],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[169,89666,89667,89670,89673,89676],{},[172,89668,89669],{},"to display results to the user",[172,89671,89672],{},"to show messages in a script",[172,89674,89675],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[172,89677,89678],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89680,189],{},[35,89682,89684],{"className":37,"code":89683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89685,89686,89694,89698,89718,89729],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89687,89688,89690,89692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89689,40819],{"class":50},[44,89691,55],{"class":54},[44,89693,38150],{"class":206},[44,89695,89696],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89697,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,89699,89700,89702,89704,89706,89708,89710,89712,89714,89716],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89701,5606],{"class":805},[44,89703,6035],{"class":50},[44,89705,1383],{"class":805},[44,89707,53706],{"class":135},[44,89709,121],{"class":58},[44,89711,1133],{"class":206},[44,89713,72],{"class":58},[44,89715,1114],{"class":206},[44,89717,7991],{"class":58},[44,89719,89720,89723,89726],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,89721,89722],{"class":50},"    total ",[44,89724,89725],{"class":54},"+=",[44,89727,89728],{"class":50}," number\n",[44,89730,89731,89733,89735,89737,89740,89742,89744,89746,89748,89750,89752,89754,89756,89758],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,89732,825],{"class":135},[44,89734,121],{"class":58},[44,89736,63],{"class":62},[44,89738,89739],{"class":66},"Current number:",[44,89741,63],{"class":62},[44,89743,72],{"class":58},[44,89745,1845],{"class":117},[44,89747,72],{"class":58},[44,89749,75],{"class":62},[44,89751,45201],{"class":66},[44,89753,63],{"class":62},[44,89755,72],{"class":58},[44,89757,45208],{"class":117},[44,89759,100],{"class":58},[20,89761,247],{},[35,89763,89765],{"className":37,"code":89764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89766,89767,89783,89797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89768,89769,89772,89774,89776,89779,89781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89770,89771],{"class":50},"Current number",[44,89773,1155],{"class":58},[44,89775,519],{"class":206},[44,89777,89778],{"class":50}," Total",[44,89780,1155],{"class":58},[44,89782,29254],{"class":206},[44,89784,89785,89787,89789,89791,89793,89795],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89786,89771],{"class":50},[44,89788,1155],{"class":58},[44,89790,488],{"class":206},[44,89792,89778],{"class":50},[44,89794,1155],{"class":58},[44,89796,2221],{"class":206},[44,89798,89799,89801,89803,89805,89807,89809],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,89800,89771],{"class":50},[44,89802,1155],{"class":58},[44,89804,524],{"class":206},[44,89806,89778],{"class":50},[44,89808,1155],{"class":58},[44,89810,89811],{"class":206}," 6\n",[20,89813,89814,89815,114],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[270,89816,89818],{"href":89817},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[30,89820,1299],{"id":1298},[20,89822,89823,89824,114],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89825,46090],{},[338,89827,89829],{"id":89828},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89831,89832],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[35,89834,89836],{"className":37,"code":89835,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89837,89838],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89839,89840,89842,89844,89846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89841,136],{"class":135},[44,89843,121],{"class":58},[44,89845,34509],{"class":117},[44,89847,100],{"class":58},[20,89849,8525,89850,89852],{},[15,89851,34509],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89854,10457],{},[35,89856,89858],{"className":37,"code":89857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89859,89860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89861,89862,89864,89866,89868,89870,89872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89863,136],{"class":135},[44,89865,121],{"class":58},[44,89867,63],{"class":62},[44,89869,34509],{"class":66},[44,89871,63],{"class":62},[44,89873,100],{"class":58},[338,89875,895,89877,89879],{"id":89876},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89878,136],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89881,89882],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[35,89884,89886],{"className":37,"code":89885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89887,89888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89889,89890,89892,89894,89896],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89891,136],{"class":135},[44,89893,75],{"class":62},[44,89895,34509],{"class":66},[44,89897,3007],{"class":62},[20,89899,10457],{},[35,89901,89902],{"className":37,"code":89857,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89903,89904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89905,89906,89908,89910,89912,89914,89916],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89907,136],{"class":135},[44,89909,121],{"class":58},[44,89911,63],{"class":62},[44,89913,34509],{"class":66},[44,89915,63],{"class":62},[44,89917,100],{"class":58},[338,89919,89921,89922],{"id":89920},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89923,1711],{},[20,89925,89926,89927,114],{},"This causes a ",[15,89928,2650],{},[35,89930,89931],{"className":37,"code":89019,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,89932,89933,89941],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89934,89935,89937,89939],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89936,21268],{"class":50},[44,89938,55],{"class":54},[44,89940,2231],{"class":206},[44,89942,89943,89945,89947,89949,89951,89953,89955,89957],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,89944,136],{"class":135},[44,89946,121],{"class":58},[44,89948,63],{"class":62},[44,89950,89040],{"class":66},[44,89952,63],{"class":62},[44,89954,2100],{"class":54},[44,89956,8839],{"class":117},[44,89958,100],{"class":58},[20,89960,89961],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[35,89963,89965],{"className":37,"code":89964,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89966,89967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89968,89969,89971,89973,89975,89977,89979,89981,89983],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89970,136],{"class":135},[44,89972,121],{"class":58},[44,89974,63],{"class":62},[44,89976,88941],{"class":66},[44,89978,63],{"class":62},[44,89980,72],{"class":58},[44,89982,8839],{"class":117},[44,89984,100],{"class":58},[20,89986,89987],{},"Or convert the number first:",[35,89989,89991],{"className":37,"code":89990,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89992,89993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,89994,89995,89997,89999,90001,90003,90005,90007,90009,90011,90013],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,89996,136],{"class":135},[44,89998,121],{"class":58},[44,90000,63],{"class":62},[44,90002,89040],{"class":66},[44,90004,63],{"class":62},[44,90006,2100],{"class":54},[44,90008,48542],{"class":2546},[44,90010,121],{"class":58},[44,90012,8949],{"class":117},[44,90014,244],{"class":58},[20,90016,90017,90018,114],{},"If you see this error, read ",[270,90019,90021],{"href":90020},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[338,90023,1312,90025,90027],{"id":90024},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90026,46090],{}," to return a value",[20,90029,90030,90031,34972,90034,1155],{},"This does not store ",[15,90032,90033],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90035,632],{},[35,90037,90039],{"className":37,"code":90038,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90040,90041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90042,90043,90045,90047,90049,90051,90053,90055,90057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90044,604],{"class":50},[44,90046,55],{"class":54},[44,90048,89544],{"class":135},[44,90050,121],{"class":58},[44,90052,63],{"class":62},[44,90054,34509],{"class":66},[44,90056,63],{"class":62},[44,90058,100],{"class":58},[20,90060,90061,90062,114],{},"It stores ",[15,90063,3428],{},[338,90065,90067,90068,898,90070],{"id":90066},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90069,89081],{},[15,90071,359],{},[20,90073,85427],{},[169,90075,90076,90085],{},[172,90077,90078,90080,90081,90084],{},[15,90079,89081],{}," changes what goes ",[367,90082,90083],{},"between"," multiple values",[172,90086,90087,90089,90090,90093],{},[15,90088,359],{}," changes what appears ",[367,90091,90092],{},"after"," the output",[30,90095,90097],{"id":90096},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90099,90100,90101,90103],{},"These simple ",[15,90102,46090],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[35,90105,90107],{"className":37,"code":90106,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90108,90109,90129,90144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90110,90111,90113,90115,90117,90120,90122,90124,90127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90112,136],{"class":135},[44,90114,121],{"class":58},[44,90116,63],{"class":62},[44,90118,90119],{"class":66},"Debug:",[44,90121,63],{"class":62},[44,90123,72],{"class":58},[44,90125,90126],{"class":117}," variable_name",[44,90128,100],{"class":58},[44,90130,90131,90133,90135,90137,90139,90142],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,90132,136],{"class":135},[44,90134,121],{"class":58},[44,90136,2868],{"class":2546},[44,90138,121],{"class":58},[44,90140,90141],{"class":117},"variable_name",[44,90143,244],{"class":58},[44,90145,90146,90148,90150,90152],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,90147,31793],{"class":135},[44,90149,121],{"class":58},[44,90151,136],{"class":135},[44,90153,100],{"class":58},[20,90155,90156],{},"What they do:",[169,90158,90159,90165,90171],{},[172,90160,90161,90164],{},[15,90162,90163],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[172,90166,90167,90170],{},[15,90168,90169],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[172,90172,90173,90176,90177],{},[15,90174,90175],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90178,46090],{},[30,90180,1497],{"id":1496},[338,90182,12355,90184,90186],{"id":90183},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90185,46090],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90188,90189,90190,90192,90193,36259],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90191,46090],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90194,359],{},[338,90196,4818,90198,90200],{"id":90197},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90199,46090],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90202,90203,90204,90206],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90205,46090],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[338,90208,4806,90210,4809,90213,1547],{"id":90209},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90211,90212],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90214,3428],{},[20,90216,28700,90217,90219],{},[15,90218,46090],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[338,90221,90223],{"id":90222},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90225,90226],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[35,90228,90230],{"className":37,"code":90229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90231,90232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90233,90234,90236,90238,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90235,136],{"class":135},[44,90237,121],{"class":58},[44,90239,63],{"class":62},[44,90241,88941],{"class":66},[44,90243,63],{"class":62},[44,90245,72],{"class":58},[44,90247,934],{"class":206},[44,90249,100],{"class":58},[20,90251,90252,90253,39566],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90254,47321],{},[338,90256,4828,90258,898,90260,1547],{"id":90257},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90259,89081],{},[15,90261,359],{},[169,90263,90264,90269],{},[172,90265,90266,90268],{},[15,90267,89081],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[172,90270,90271,90273],{},[15,90272,359],{}," changes what appears after the output",[30,90275,1554],{"id":1553},[169,90277,90278,90282,90288,90294,90299,90304],{},[172,90279,90280],{},[270,90281,50612],{"href":50611},[172,90283,90284],{},[270,90285,3225,90286,3158],{"href":7868},[15,90287,2603],{},[172,90289,90290],{},[270,90291,3225,90292,3158],{"href":41811},[15,90293,47321],{},[172,90295,90296],{},[270,90297,90298],{"href":89307},"How to format strings in Python",[172,90300,90301],{},[270,90302,90303],{"href":89817},"How to debug Python code",[172,90305,90306],{},[270,90307,90021],{"href":90020},[1583,90309,90310],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":90312},[90313,90314,90316,90317,90323,90324,90325,90330,90336,90338,90340,90351,90352,90363],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":88485,"depth":103,"text":90315},"What print() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":88721,"depth":103,"text":88722,"children":90318},[90319,90320,90321,90322],{"id":88730,"depth":132,"text":88731},{"id":88771,"depth":132,"text":88772},{"id":88803,"depth":132,"text":88804},{"id":88830,"depth":132,"text":88831},{"id":88872,"depth":103,"text":88873},{"id":89068,"depth":103,"text":89069},{"id":89108,"depth":103,"text":90326,"children":90327},"sep argument",[90328,90329],{"id":89121,"depth":132,"text":89122},{"id":89171,"depth":132,"text":89172},{"id":89311,"depth":103,"text":90331,"children":90332},"end argument",[90333,90334,90335],{"id":89325,"depth":132,"text":89122},{"id":89378,"depth":132,"text":89379},{"id":89434,"depth":132,"text":89435},{"id":89518,"depth":103,"text":90337},"print() returns None",{"id":89655,"depth":103,"text":90339},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":90341},[90342,90343,90345,90347,90349],{"id":89828,"depth":132,"text":89829},{"id":89876,"depth":132,"text":90344},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89920,"depth":132,"text":90346},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90024,"depth":132,"text":90348},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90066,"depth":132,"text":90350},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90096,"depth":103,"text":90097},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":90353},[90354,90356,90358,90360,90361],{"id":90183,"depth":132,"text":90355},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90197,"depth":132,"text":90357},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90209,"depth":132,"text":90359},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90222,"depth":132,"text":90223},{"id":90257,"depth":132,"text":90362},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88368,"description":90364},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90371,"title":90372,"body":90373,"description":92677,"extension":1616,"meta":92678,"navigation":434,"path":92679,"seo":92680,"stem":92681,"__hash__":92682},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90374,"toc":92623},[90375,90380,90385,90398,90400,90465,90476,90481,90486,90488,90511,90514,90545,90547,90564,90569,90575,90580,90629,90632,90649,90655,90660,90683,90685,90713,90719,90727,90754,90756,90781,90787,90790,90821,90823,90852,90856,90859,90864,90886,90888,90916,90922,90928,90954,90956,90980,90986,90992,91022,91024,91052,91062,91066,91072,91105,91107,91136,91139,91142,91175,91177,91185,91191,91193,91216,91221,91230,91235,91249,91251,91291,91293,91323,91327,91362,91368,91372,91416,91418,91448,91454,91457,91536,91538,91560,91568,91571,91634,91642,91717,91723,91730,91735,91740,91763,91765,91786,91788,91801,91803,91850,91852,91891,91900,91902,91906,91910,91913,91940,91943,91972,91975,91999,92002,92010,92016,92038,92040,92068,92072,92077,92132,92137,92139,92196,92203,92212,92215,92247,92249,92257,92260,92266,92268,92291,92294,92300,92303,92322,92324,92343,92346,92368,92370,92398,92402,92406,92511,92513,92526,92528,92534,92537,92545,92550,92556,92562,92567,92575,92581,92588,92590,92620],[10,90376,3225,90378,3229],{"id":90377},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90379,35837],{},[20,90381,31958,90382,90384],{},[15,90383,35837],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90386,90387,90388,90390,90391,90393,90394,90397],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90389,5606],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90392,35837],{}," stops ",[367,90395,90396],{},"before"," the end value.",[30,90399,33],{"id":32},[35,90401,90403],{"className":37,"code":90402,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90404,90405,90421,90431,90435,90440,90445,90450,90455,90460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90406,90407,90409,90411,90413,90415,90417,90419],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90408,5606],{"class":805},[44,90410,69165],{"class":50},[44,90412,1383],{"class":805},[44,90414,53706],{"class":135},[44,90416,121],{"class":58},[44,90418,929],{"class":206},[44,90420,7991],{"class":58},[44,90422,90423,90425,90427,90429],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,90424,825],{"class":135},[44,90426,121],{"class":58},[44,90428,35793],{"class":117},[44,90430,100],{"class":58},[44,90432,90433],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,90434,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,90436,90437],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,90438,90439],{"class":147},"# Output:\n",[44,90441,90442],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,90443,90444],{"class":147},"# 0\n",[44,90446,90447],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,90448,90449],{"class":147},"# 1\n",[44,90451,90452],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,90453,90454],{"class":147},"# 2\n",[44,90456,90457],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,90458,90459],{"class":147},"# 3\n",[44,90461,90462],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,90463,90464],{"class":147},"# 4\n",[20,90466,90467,90470,90471,90473,90474,114],{},[15,90468,90469],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90472,186],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90475,929],{},[30,90477,158,90479,161],{"id":90478},"what-range-does",[15,90480,35837],{},[20,90482,90483,90485],{},[15,90484,35837],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90487,12703],{},[169,90489,90490,90495,90501,90506],{},[172,90491,90492,90494],{},[15,90493,35837],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[172,90496,90497,90498,90500],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90499,5606],{}," loops",[172,90502,90503,90504],{},"The stop value is ",[367,90505,369],{},[172,90507,17066,90508,90510],{},[15,90509,59631],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90512,90513],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[35,90515,90517],{"className":37,"code":90516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90518,90519,90535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90520,90521,90523,90525,90527,90529,90531,90533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90522,5606],{"class":805},[44,90524,6035],{"class":50},[44,90526,1383],{"class":805},[44,90528,53706],{"class":135},[44,90530,121],{"class":58},[44,90532,1141],{"class":206},[44,90534,7991],{"class":58},[44,90536,90537,90539,90541,90543],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,90538,825],{"class":135},[44,90540,121],{"class":58},[44,90542,1887],{"class":117},[44,90544,100],{"class":58},[20,90546,247],{},[35,90548,90550],{"className":37,"code":90549,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90551,90552,90556,90560],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90553,90554],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90555,46889],{"class":206},[44,90557,90558],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,90559,250],{"class":206},[44,90561,90562],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,90563,1121],{"class":206},[20,90565,90566,90567,114],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[270,90568,35671],{"href":35670},[30,90570,90572,90574],{"id":90571},"range-syntax",[15,90573,35837],{}," syntax",[20,90576,90577,90579],{},[15,90578,35837],{}," has three common forms:",[35,90581,90583],{"className":37,"code":90582,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90584,90585,90595,90610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90586,90587,90589,90591,90593],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90588,59631],{"class":135},[44,90590,121],{"class":58},[44,90592,75043],{"class":117},[44,90594,100],{"class":58},[44,90596,90597,90599,90601,90603,90605,90608],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,90598,59631],{"class":135},[44,90600,121],{"class":58},[44,90602,353],{"class":117},[44,90604,72],{"class":58},[44,90606,90607],{"class":117}," stop",[44,90609,100],{"class":58},[44,90611,90612,90614,90616,90618,90620,90622,90624,90627],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,90613,59631],{"class":135},[44,90615,121],{"class":58},[44,90617,353],{"class":117},[44,90619,72],{"class":58},[44,90621,90607],{"class":117},[44,90623,72],{"class":58},[44,90625,90626],{"class":117}," step",[44,90628,100],{"class":58},[20,90630,90631],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[169,90633,90634,90639,90644],{},[172,90635,90636,90638],{},[15,90637,353],{}," = first number",[172,90640,90641,90643],{},[15,90642,75043],{}," = end limit, not included",[172,90645,90646,90648],{},[15,90647,75046],{}," = amount to move each time",[338,90650,90652],{"id":90651},"rangestop",[15,90653,90654],{},"range(stop)",[20,90656,90657,90658,114],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90659,186],{},[35,90661,90663],{"className":37,"code":90662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90664,90665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90666,90667,90669,90671,90673,90675,90677,90679,90681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90668,136],{"class":135},[44,90670,121],{"class":58},[44,90672,7742],{"class":2546},[44,90674,121],{"class":58},[44,90676,59631],{"class":135},[44,90678,121],{"class":58},[44,90680,929],{"class":206},[44,90682,2557],{"class":58},[20,90684,247],{},[35,90686,90687],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90688,90689],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90690,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699,90701,90703,90705,90707,90709,90711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90692,1271],{"class":58},[44,90694,186],{"class":206},[44,90696,72],{"class":58},[44,90698,519],{"class":206},[44,90700,72],{"class":58},[44,90702,488],{"class":206},[44,90704,72],{"class":58},[44,90706,524],{"class":206},[44,90708,72],{"class":58},[44,90710,1114],{"class":206},[44,90712,3286],{"class":58},[338,90714,90716],{"id":90715},"rangestart-stop",[15,90717,90718],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90720,90721,90722,90724,90725,114],{},"This starts at ",[15,90723,353],{}," and stops before ",[15,90726,75043],{},[35,90728,90730],{"className":37,"code":90729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90731,90732],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90733,90734,90736,90738,90740,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90735,136],{"class":135},[44,90737,121],{"class":58},[44,90739,7742],{"class":2546},[44,90741,121],{"class":58},[44,90743,59631],{"class":135},[44,90745,121],{"class":58},[44,90747,1137],{"class":206},[44,90749,72],{"class":58},[44,90751,37280],{"class":206},[44,90753,2557],{"class":58},[20,90755,247],{},[35,90757,90759],{"className":37,"code":90758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90760,90761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90762,90763,90765,90767,90769,90771,90773,90775,90777,90779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90764,1271],{"class":58},[44,90766,1137],{"class":206},[44,90768,72],{"class":58},[44,90770,524],{"class":206},[44,90772,72],{"class":58},[44,90774,1114],{"class":206},[44,90776,72],{"class":58},[44,90778,939],{"class":206},[44,90780,3286],{"class":58},[338,90782,90784],{"id":90783},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90785,90786],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90788,90789],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[35,90791,90793],{"className":37,"code":90792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90794,90795],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90796,90797,90799,90801,90803,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90798,136],{"class":135},[44,90800,121],{"class":58},[44,90802,7742],{"class":2546},[44,90804,121],{"class":58},[44,90806,59631],{"class":135},[44,90808,121],{"class":58},[44,90810,1133],{"class":206},[44,90812,72],{"class":58},[44,90814,934],{"class":206},[44,90816,72],{"class":58},[44,90818,488],{"class":206},[44,90820,2557],{"class":58},[20,90822,247],{},[35,90824,90826],{"className":37,"code":90825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90827,90828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90829,90830,90832,90834,90836,90838,90840,90842,90844,90846,90848,90850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90831,1271],{"class":58},[44,90833,1133],{"class":206},[44,90835,72],{"class":58},[44,90837,524],{"class":206},[44,90839,72],{"class":58},[44,90841,939],{"class":206},[44,90843,72],{"class":58},[44,90845,5642],{"class":206},[44,90847,72],{"class":58},[44,90849,53772],{"class":206},[44,90851,3286],{"class":58},[30,90853,90855],{"id":90854},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90857,90858],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[338,90860,90862],{"id":90861},"range5",[15,90863,90469],{},[35,90865,90866],{"className":37,"code":90662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90867,90868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90869,90870,90872,90874,90876,90878,90880,90882,90884],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90871,136],{"class":135},[44,90873,121],{"class":58},[44,90875,7742],{"class":2546},[44,90877,121],{"class":58},[44,90879,59631],{"class":135},[44,90881,121],{"class":58},[44,90883,929],{"class":206},[44,90885,2557],{"class":58},[20,90887,247],{},[35,90889,90890],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90891,90892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90893,90894,90896,90898,90900,90902,90904,90906,90908,90910,90912,90914],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90895,1271],{"class":58},[44,90897,186],{"class":206},[44,90899,72],{"class":58},[44,90901,519],{"class":206},[44,90903,72],{"class":58},[44,90905,488],{"class":206},[44,90907,72],{"class":58},[44,90909,524],{"class":206},[44,90911,72],{"class":58},[44,90913,1114],{"class":206},[44,90915,3286],{"class":58},[20,90917,90721,90918,90724,90920,114],{},[15,90919,186],{},[15,90921,929],{},[338,90923,90925],{"id":90924},"range2-6",[15,90926,90927],{},"range(2, 6)",[35,90929,90930],{"className":37,"code":90729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90931,90932],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90933,90934,90936,90938,90940,90942,90944,90946,90948,90950,90952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90935,136],{"class":135},[44,90937,121],{"class":58},[44,90939,7742],{"class":2546},[44,90941,121],{"class":58},[44,90943,59631],{"class":135},[44,90945,121],{"class":58},[44,90947,1137],{"class":206},[44,90949,72],{"class":58},[44,90951,37280],{"class":206},[44,90953,2557],{"class":58},[20,90955,247],{},[35,90957,90958],{"className":37,"code":90758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90959,90960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90961,90962,90964,90966,90968,90970,90972,90974,90976,90978],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90963,1271],{"class":58},[44,90965,1137],{"class":206},[44,90967,72],{"class":58},[44,90969,524],{"class":206},[44,90971,72],{"class":58},[44,90973,1114],{"class":206},[44,90975,72],{"class":58},[44,90977,939],{"class":206},[44,90979,3286],{"class":58},[20,90981,90721,90982,90724,90984,114],{},[15,90983,1137],{},[15,90985,80210],{},[338,90987,90989],{"id":90988},"range1-10-2",[15,90990,90991],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[35,90993,90994],{"className":37,"code":90792,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,90995,90996],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,90997,90998,91000,91002,91004,91006,91008,91010,91012,91014,91016,91018,91020],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,90999,136],{"class":135},[44,91001,121],{"class":58},[44,91003,7742],{"class":2546},[44,91005,121],{"class":58},[44,91007,59631],{"class":135},[44,91009,121],{"class":58},[44,91011,1133],{"class":206},[44,91013,72],{"class":58},[44,91015,934],{"class":206},[44,91017,72],{"class":58},[44,91019,488],{"class":206},[44,91021,2557],{"class":58},[20,91023,247],{},[35,91025,91026],{"className":37,"code":90825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91027,91028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91029,91030,91032,91034,91036,91038,91040,91042,91044,91046,91048,91050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91031,1271],{"class":58},[44,91033,1133],{"class":206},[44,91035,72],{"class":58},[44,91037,524],{"class":206},[44,91039,72],{"class":58},[44,91041,939],{"class":206},[44,91043,72],{"class":58},[44,91045,5642],{"class":206},[44,91047,72],{"class":58},[44,91049,53772],{"class":206},[44,91051,3286],{"class":58},[20,91053,91054,91055,91057,91058,60932,91060,114],{},"This moves by ",[15,91056,1137],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91059,1133],{},[15,91061,1794],{},[338,91063,91065],{"id":91064},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91067,91068,91069,91071],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91070,35837],{}," count backward.",[35,91073,91075],{"className":37,"code":91074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91076,91077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91078,91079,91081,91083,91085,91087,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91080,136],{"class":135},[44,91082,121],{"class":58},[44,91084,7742],{"class":2546},[44,91086,121],{"class":58},[44,91088,59631],{"class":135},[44,91090,121],{"class":58},[44,91092,929],{"class":206},[44,91094,72],{"class":58},[44,91096,3483],{"class":206},[44,91098,72],{"class":58},[44,91100,1870],{"class":54},[44,91102,1133],{"class":206},[44,91104,2557],{"class":58},[20,91106,247],{},[35,91108,91110],{"className":37,"code":91109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91111,91112],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91113,91114,91116,91118,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132,91134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91115,1271],{"class":58},[44,91117,929],{"class":206},[44,91119,72],{"class":58},[44,91121,1114],{"class":206},[44,91123,72],{"class":58},[44,91125,524],{"class":206},[44,91127,72],{"class":58},[44,91129,488],{"class":206},[44,91131,72],{"class":58},[44,91133,519],{"class":206},[44,91135,3286],{"class":58},[20,91137,91138],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91140,91141],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[35,91143,91145],{"className":37,"code":91144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91146,91147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91148,91149,91151,91153,91155,91157,91159,91161,91163,91165,91167,91169,91171,91173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91150,136],{"class":135},[44,91152,121],{"class":58},[44,91154,7742],{"class":2546},[44,91156,121],{"class":58},[44,91158,59631],{"class":135},[44,91160,121],{"class":58},[44,91162,1133],{"class":206},[44,91164,72],{"class":58},[44,91166,939],{"class":206},[44,91168,72],{"class":58},[44,91170,1870],{"class":54},[44,91172,1133],{"class":206},[44,91174,2557],{"class":58},[20,91176,247],{},[35,91178,91179],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91180,91181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91182,91183],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91184,37934],{"class":58},[338,91186,91187,76206,91189],{"id":76430},[15,91188,75046],{},[15,91190,186],{},[20,91192,2480],{},[35,91194,91196],{"className":37,"code":91195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91197,91198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91199,91200,91202,91204,91206,91208,91210,91212,91214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91201,59631],{"class":135},[44,91203,121],{"class":58},[44,91205,1133],{"class":206},[44,91207,72],{"class":58},[44,91209,939],{"class":206},[44,91211,72],{"class":58},[44,91213,3483],{"class":206},[44,91215,100],{"class":58},[20,91217,1522,91218,91220],{},[15,91219,686],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[30,91222,895,91224,91226,91227,91229],{"id":91223},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91225,35837],{}," in a ",[15,91228,5606],{}," loop",[20,91231,91232,91234],{},[15,91233,35837],{}," is most useful when:",[169,91236,91237,91240,91243],{},[172,91238,91239],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[172,91241,91242],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[172,91244,91245,91246],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91247,91248],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91250,189],{},[35,91252,91254],{"className":37,"code":91253,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91255,91256,91272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91257,91258,91260,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91259,5606],{"class":805},[44,91261,69165],{"class":50},[44,91263,1383],{"class":805},[44,91265,53706],{"class":135},[44,91267,121],{"class":58},[44,91269,1141],{"class":206},[44,91271,7991],{"class":58},[44,91273,91274,91276,91278,91280,91283,91285,91287,91289],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91275,825],{"class":135},[44,91277,121],{"class":58},[44,91279,63],{"class":62},[44,91281,91282],{"class":66},"Loop number:",[44,91284,63],{"class":62},[44,91286,72],{"class":58},[44,91288,35769],{"class":117},[44,91290,100],{"class":58},[20,91292,247],{},[35,91294,91296],{"className":37,"code":91295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91297,91298,91307,91315],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91299,91300,91303,91305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91301,91302],{"class":50},"Loop number",[44,91304,1155],{"class":58},[44,91306,38150],{"class":206},[44,91308,91309,91311,91313],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91310,91302],{"class":50},[44,91312,1155],{"class":58},[44,91314,29254],{"class":206},[44,91316,91317,91319,91321],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91318,91302],{"class":50},[44,91320,1155],{"class":58},[44,91322,45227],{"class":206},[338,91324,91326],{"id":91325},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[35,91328,91330],{"className":37,"code":91329,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91331,91332,91348],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91333,91334,91336,91338,91340,91342,91344,91346],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91335,5606],{"class":805},[44,91337,69165],{"class":50},[44,91339,1383],{"class":805},[44,91341,53706],{"class":135},[44,91343,121],{"class":58},[44,91345,929],{"class":206},[44,91347,7991],{"class":58},[44,91349,91350,91352,91354,91356,91358,91360],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91351,825],{"class":135},[44,91353,121],{"class":58},[44,91355,63],{"class":62},[44,91357,34509],{"class":66},[44,91359,63],{"class":62},[44,91361,100],{"class":58},[20,91363,91364,91365,91367],{},"This prints ",[15,91366,90033],{}," five times.",[338,91369,91371],{"id":91370},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[35,91373,91375],{"className":37,"code":91374,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91376,91377,91397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91378,91379,91381,91383,91385,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91380,5606],{"class":805},[44,91382,69165],{"class":50},[44,91384,1383],{"class":805},[44,91386,53706],{"class":135},[44,91388,121],{"class":58},[44,91390,1133],{"class":206},[44,91392,72],{"class":58},[44,91394,1114],{"class":206},[44,91396,7991],{"class":58},[44,91398,91399,91401,91403,91405,91408,91410,91412,91414],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91400,825],{"class":135},[44,91402,121],{"class":58},[44,91404,63],{"class":62},[44,91406,91407],{"class":66},"Current number is",[44,91409,63],{"class":62},[44,91411,72],{"class":58},[44,91413,35769],{"class":117},[44,91415,100],{"class":58},[20,91417,247],{},[35,91419,91421],{"className":37,"code":91420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91422,91423,91432,91440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91424,91425,91428,91430],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91426,91427],{"class":50},"Current number ",[44,91429,11844],{"class":54},[44,91431,29254],{"class":206},[44,91433,91434,91436,91438],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91435,91427],{"class":50},[44,91437,11844],{"class":54},[44,91439,45227],{"class":206},[44,91441,91442,91444,91446],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91443,91427],{"class":50},[44,91445,11844],{"class":54},[44,91447,2221],{"class":206},[338,91449,91451,91453],{"id":91450},"range-and-indexing",[15,91452,35837],{}," and indexing",[20,91455,91456],{},"You may see code like this:",[35,91458,91460],{"className":37,"code":91459,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91461,91462,91494,91498,91518],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91463,91464,91466,91468,91470,91472,91474,91476,91478,91480,91482,91484,91486,91488,91490,91492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91465,7429],{"class":50},[44,91467,55],{"class":54},[44,91469,3273],{"class":58},[44,91471,63],{"class":62},[44,91473,270],{"class":66},[44,91475,63],{"class":62},[44,91477,72],{"class":58},[44,91479,75],{"class":62},[44,91481,399],{"class":66},[44,91483,63],{"class":62},[44,91485,72],{"class":58},[44,91487,75],{"class":62},[44,91489,408],{"class":66},[44,91491,63],{"class":62},[44,91493,3286],{"class":58},[44,91495,91496],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91497,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,91499,91500,91502,91504,91506,91508,91510,91512,91514,91516],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91501,5606],{"class":805},[44,91503,69165],{"class":50},[44,91505,1383],{"class":805},[44,91507,53706],{"class":135},[44,91509,121],{"class":58},[44,91511,1365],{"class":135},[44,91513,121],{"class":58},[44,91515,7458],{"class":117},[44,91517,69180],{"class":58},[44,91519,91520,91522,91524,91526,91528,91530,91532,91534],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,91521,825],{"class":135},[44,91523,121],{"class":58},[44,91525,35793],{"class":117},[44,91527,72],{"class":58},[44,91529,5614],{"class":117},[44,91531,1271],{"class":58},[44,91533,35793],{"class":117},[44,91535,3538],{"class":58},[20,91537,247],{},[35,91539,91540],{"className":37,"code":35805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91541,91542,91548,91554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91543,91544,91546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91545,186],{"class":206},[44,91547,35814],{"class":50},[44,91549,91550,91552],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91551,1133],{"class":206},[44,91553,35821],{"class":50},[44,91555,91556,91558],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91557,1137],{"class":206},[44,91559,35828],{"class":50},[20,91561,91562,91563,91567],{},"This works, and it uses ",[270,91564,91565],{"href":41994},[15,91566,41997],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91569,91570],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[35,91572,91574],{"className":37,"code":91573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91575,91576,91608,91612,91624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91577,91578,91580,91582,91584,91586,91588,91590,91592,91594,91596,91598,91600,91602,91604,91606],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91579,7429],{"class":50},[44,91581,55],{"class":54},[44,91583,3273],{"class":58},[44,91585,63],{"class":62},[44,91587,270],{"class":66},[44,91589,63],{"class":62},[44,91591,72],{"class":58},[44,91593,75],{"class":62},[44,91595,399],{"class":66},[44,91597,63],{"class":62},[44,91599,72],{"class":58},[44,91601,75],{"class":62},[44,91603,408],{"class":66},[44,91605,63],{"class":62},[44,91607,3286],{"class":58},[44,91609,91610],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91611,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,91613,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91615,5606],{"class":805},[44,91617,5609],{"class":50},[44,91619,1383],{"class":805},[44,91621,5614],{"class":50},[44,91623,820],{"class":58},[44,91625,91626,91628,91630,91632],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,91627,825],{"class":135},[44,91629,121],{"class":58},[44,91631,22950],{"class":117},[44,91633,100],{"class":58},[20,91635,36230,91636,91641],{},[270,91637,91639],{"href":91638},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91640,35392],{}," is usually a better choice:",[35,91643,91645],{"className":37,"code":91644,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91646,91647,91679,91683,91703],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91648,91649,91651,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667,91669,91671,91673,91675,91677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91650,7429],{"class":50},[44,91652,55],{"class":54},[44,91654,3273],{"class":58},[44,91656,63],{"class":62},[44,91658,270],{"class":66},[44,91660,63],{"class":62},[44,91662,72],{"class":58},[44,91664,75],{"class":62},[44,91666,399],{"class":66},[44,91668,63],{"class":62},[44,91670,72],{"class":58},[44,91672,75],{"class":62},[44,91674,408],{"class":66},[44,91676,63],{"class":62},[44,91678,3286],{"class":58},[44,91680,91681],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91682,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,91684,91685,91687,91689,91691,91693,91695,91697,91699,91701],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91686,5606],{"class":805},[44,91688,35464],{"class":50},[44,91690,72],{"class":58},[44,91692,5609],{"class":50},[44,91694,1383],{"class":805},[44,91696,35474],{"class":135},[44,91698,121],{"class":58},[44,91700,7458],{"class":117},[44,91702,7991],{"class":58},[44,91704,91705,91707,91709,91711,91713,91715],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,91706,825],{"class":135},[44,91708,121],{"class":58},[44,91710,118],{"class":117},[44,91712,72],{"class":58},[44,91714,29146],{"class":117},[44,91716,100],{"class":58},[20,91718,78734,91719,114],{},[270,91720,36243,91721,36246],{"href":36242},[15,91722,35392],{},[30,91724,91726,91727,91729],{"id":91725},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91728,35837],{}," to a list",[20,91731,91732,91734],{},[15,91733,35837],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91736,91737,91738,1155],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91739,24421],{},[35,91741,91743],{"className":37,"code":91742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91744,91745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91746,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759,91761],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91748,136],{"class":135},[44,91750,121],{"class":58},[44,91752,7742],{"class":2546},[44,91754,121],{"class":58},[44,91756,59631],{"class":135},[44,91758,121],{"class":58},[44,91760,1141],{"class":206},[44,91762,2557],{"class":58},[20,91764,247],{},[35,91766,91768],{"className":37,"code":91767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91769,91770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91771,91772,91774,91776,91778,91780,91782,91784],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91773,1271],{"class":58},[44,91775,186],{"class":206},[44,91777,72],{"class":58},[44,91779,519],{"class":206},[44,91781,72],{"class":58},[44,91783,488],{"class":206},[44,91785,3286],{"class":58},[20,91787,32952],{},[169,91789,91790,91795,91798],{},[172,91791,91792,91793,41721],{},"learning how ",[15,91794,35837],{},[172,91796,91797],{},"checking your values",[172,91799,91800],{},"debugging code",[20,91802,5120],{},[35,91804,91806],{"className":37,"code":91805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91807,91808,91822,91826,91836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91809,91810,91812,91814,91816,91818,91820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91811,199],{"class":50},[44,91813,55],{"class":54},[44,91815,53706],{"class":135},[44,91817,121],{"class":58},[44,91819,1145],{"class":206},[44,91821,100],{"class":58},[44,91823,91824],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91825,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,91827,91828,91830,91832,91834],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,91829,136],{"class":135},[44,91831,121],{"class":58},[44,91833,232],{"class":117},[44,91835,100],{"class":58},[44,91837,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,91839,136],{"class":135},[44,91841,121],{"class":58},[44,91843,7742],{"class":2546},[44,91845,121],{"class":58},[44,91847,232],{"class":117},[44,91849,244],{"class":58},[20,91851,247],{},[35,91853,91855],{"className":37,"code":91854,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91856,91857,91871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91858,91859,91861,91863,91865,91867,91869],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91860,59631],{"class":135},[44,91862,121],{"class":58},[44,91864,186],{"class":206},[44,91866,72],{"class":58},[44,91868,1114],{"class":206},[44,91870,100],{"class":58},[44,91872,91873,91875,91877,91879,91881,91883,91885,91887,91889],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,91874,1271],{"class":58},[44,91876,186],{"class":206},[44,91878,72],{"class":58},[44,91880,519],{"class":206},[44,91882,72],{"class":58},[44,91884,488],{"class":206},[44,91886,72],{"class":58},[44,91888,524],{"class":206},[44,91890,3286],{"class":58},[20,91892,91893,91894,10236,91896,91899],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91895,59631],{},[15,91897,91898],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[30,91901,4168],{"id":4167},[20,91903,33181,91904,114],{},[15,91905,35837],{},[338,91907,91909],{"id":91908},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91911,91912],{},"Many beginners think this:",[35,91914,91916],{"className":37,"code":91915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91917,91918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91919,91920,91922,91924,91926,91928,91930,91932,91934,91936,91938],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91921,136],{"class":135},[44,91923,121],{"class":58},[44,91925,7742],{"class":2546},[44,91927,121],{"class":58},[44,91929,59631],{"class":135},[44,91931,121],{"class":58},[44,91933,1133],{"class":206},[44,91935,72],{"class":58},[44,91937,939],{"class":206},[44,91939,2557],{"class":58},[20,91941,91942],{},"will produce:",[35,91944,91946],{"className":37,"code":91945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91947,91948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91949,91950,91952,91954,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91951,1271],{"class":58},[44,91953,1133],{"class":206},[44,91955,72],{"class":58},[44,91957,488],{"class":206},[44,91959,72],{"class":58},[44,91961,524],{"class":206},[44,91963,72],{"class":58},[44,91965,1114],{"class":206},[44,91967,72],{"class":58},[44,91969,939],{"class":206},[44,91971,3286],{"class":58},[20,91973,91974],{},"But the real output is:",[35,91976,91977],{"className":37,"code":53141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,91978,91979],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,91980,91981,91983,91985,91987,91989,91991,91993,91995,91997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,91982,1271],{"class":58},[44,91984,1133],{"class":206},[44,91986,72],{"class":58},[44,91988,488],{"class":206},[44,91990,72],{"class":58},[44,91992,524],{"class":206},[44,91994,72],{"class":58},[44,91996,1114],{"class":206},[44,91998,3286],{"class":58},[20,92000,92001],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[338,92003,4229,92005,92007,92008],{"id":92004},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92006,90469],{}," starts at ",[15,92009,1133],{},[20,92011,37104,92012,18606,92014,114],{},[15,92013,186],{},[15,92015,1133],{},[35,92017,92018],{"className":37,"code":90662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92019,92020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92021,92022,92024,92026,92028,92030,92032,92034,92036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92023,136],{"class":135},[44,92025,121],{"class":58},[44,92027,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92029,121],{"class":58},[44,92031,59631],{"class":135},[44,92033,121],{"class":58},[44,92035,929],{"class":206},[44,92037,2557],{"class":58},[20,92039,247],{},[35,92041,92042],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92043,92044],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92045,92046,92048,92050,92052,92054,92056,92058,92060,92062,92064,92066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92047,1271],{"class":58},[44,92049,186],{"class":206},[44,92051,72],{"class":58},[44,92053,519],{"class":206},[44,92055,72],{"class":58},[44,92057,488],{"class":206},[44,92059,72],{"class":58},[44,92061,524],{"class":206},[44,92063,72],{"class":58},[44,92065,1114],{"class":206},[44,92067,3286],{"class":58},[338,92069,92071],{"id":92070},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92073,92074,92075,1155],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92076,2603],{},[35,92078,92080],{"className":37,"code":92079,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92081,92082,92101,92105,92122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92083,92084,92087,92089,92091,92093,92095,92097,92099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92085,92086],{"class":50},"user_number ",[44,92088,55],{"class":54},[44,92090,7891],{"class":135},[44,92092,121],{"class":58},[44,92094,63],{"class":62},[44,92096,41507],{"class":66},[44,92098,63],{"class":62},[44,92100,100],{"class":58},[44,92102,92103],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,92104,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,92106,92107,92109,92111,92113,92115,92117,92120],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92108,5606],{"class":805},[44,92110,69165],{"class":50},[44,92112,1383],{"class":805},[44,92114,53706],{"class":135},[44,92116,121],{"class":58},[44,92118,92119],{"class":117},"user_number",[44,92121,7991],{"class":58},[44,92123,92124,92126,92128,92130],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,92125,825],{"class":135},[44,92127,121],{"class":58},[44,92129,35793],{"class":117},[44,92131,100],{"class":58},[20,92133,48148,92134,92136],{},[15,92135,2603],{}," returns a string.",[20,92138,10457],{},[35,92140,92142],{"className":37,"code":92141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92143,92144,92166,92170,92186],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92145,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154,92156,92158,92160,92162,92164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92147,92086],{"class":50},[44,92149,55],{"class":54},[44,92151,44914],{"class":2546},[44,92153,121],{"class":58},[44,92155,42099],{"class":135},[44,92157,121],{"class":58},[44,92159,63],{"class":62},[44,92161,41507],{"class":66},[44,92163,63],{"class":62},[44,92165,244],{"class":58},[44,92167,92168],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,92169,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,92171,92172,92174,92176,92178,92180,92182,92184],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92173,5606],{"class":805},[44,92175,69165],{"class":50},[44,92177,1383],{"class":805},[44,92179,53706],{"class":135},[44,92181,121],{"class":58},[44,92183,92119],{"class":117},[44,92185,7991],{"class":58},[44,92187,92188,92190,92192,92194],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,92189,825],{"class":135},[44,92191,121],{"class":58},[44,92193,35793],{"class":117},[44,92195,100],{"class":58},[20,92197,92198,92199,114],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[270,92200,50162,92201],{"href":50161},[15,92202,50165],{},[338,92204,92206,92207,92209,92210],{"id":92205},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92208,353],{}," smaller than ",[15,92211,75043],{},[20,92213,92214],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[35,92216,92217],{"className":37,"code":91144,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92218,92219],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92220,92221,92223,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237,92239,92241,92243,92245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92222,136],{"class":135},[44,92224,121],{"class":58},[44,92226,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92228,121],{"class":58},[44,92230,59631],{"class":135},[44,92232,121],{"class":58},[44,92234,1133],{"class":206},[44,92236,72],{"class":58},[44,92238,939],{"class":206},[44,92240,72],{"class":58},[44,92242,1870],{"class":54},[44,92244,1133],{"class":206},[44,92246,2557],{"class":58},[20,92248,247],{},[35,92250,92251],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92252,92253],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92254,92255],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92256,37934],{"class":58},[20,92258,92259],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[338,92261,25256,92263],{"id":92262},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92264,92265],{},"step = 0",[20,92267,77185],{},[35,92269,92271],{"className":37,"code":92270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92272,92273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92274,92275,92277,92279,92281,92283,92285,92287,92289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92276,59631],{"class":135},[44,92278,121],{"class":58},[44,92280,1133],{"class":206},[44,92282,72],{"class":58},[44,92284,934],{"class":206},[44,92286,72],{"class":58},[44,92288,3483],{"class":206},[44,92290,100],{"class":58},[20,92292,92293],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[338,92295,4353,92297,92299],{"id":92296},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92298,35837],{}," is not a list",[20,92301,92302],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[35,92304,92306],{"className":37,"code":92305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92307,92308],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92309,92310,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92311,136],{"class":135},[44,92313,121],{"class":58},[44,92315,59631],{"class":135},[44,92317,121],{"class":58},[44,92319,929],{"class":206},[44,92321,244],{"class":58},[20,92323,247],{},[35,92325,92327],{"className":37,"code":92326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92328,92329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92330,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92332,59631],{"class":135},[44,92334,121],{"class":58},[44,92336,186],{"class":206},[44,92338,72],{"class":58},[44,92340,939],{"class":206},[44,92342,100],{"class":58},[20,92344,92345],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[35,92347,92348],{"className":37,"code":90662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92349,92350],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92351,92352,92354,92356,92358,92360,92362,92364,92366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92353,136],{"class":135},[44,92355,121],{"class":58},[44,92357,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92359,121],{"class":58},[44,92361,59631],{"class":135},[44,92363,121],{"class":58},[44,92365,929],{"class":206},[44,92367,2557],{"class":58},[20,92369,247],{},[35,92371,92372],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,92373,92374],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92375,92376,92378,92380,92382,92384,92386,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92377,1271],{"class":58},[44,92379,186],{"class":206},[44,92381,72],{"class":58},[44,92383,519],{"class":206},[44,92385,72],{"class":58},[44,92387,488],{"class":206},[44,92389,72],{"class":58},[44,92391,524],{"class":206},[44,92393,72],{"class":58},[44,92395,1114],{"class":206},[44,92397,3286],{"class":58},[30,92399,92401],{"id":92400},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92403,8525,92404,81956],{},[15,92405,35837],{},[35,92407,92409],{"className":37,"code":92408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92410,92411,92425,92443,92465,92493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92412,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92414,136],{"class":135},[44,92416,121],{"class":58},[44,92418,59631],{"class":135},[44,92420,121],{"class":58},[44,92422,929],{"class":206},[44,92424,244],{"class":58},[44,92426,92427,92429,92431,92433,92435,92437,92439,92441],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,92428,136],{"class":135},[44,92430,121],{"class":58},[44,92432,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92434,121],{"class":58},[44,92436,59631],{"class":135},[44,92438,121],{"class":58},[44,92440,929],{"class":206},[44,92442,2557],{"class":58},[44,92444,92445,92447,92449,92451,92453,92455,92457,92459,92461,92463],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92446,136],{"class":135},[44,92448,121],{"class":58},[44,92450,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92452,121],{"class":58},[44,92454,59631],{"class":135},[44,92456,121],{"class":58},[44,92458,1137],{"class":206},[44,92460,72],{"class":58},[44,92462,6008],{"class":206},[44,92464,2557],{"class":58},[44,92466,92467,92469,92471,92473,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489,92491],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,92468,136],{"class":135},[44,92470,121],{"class":58},[44,92472,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92474,121],{"class":58},[44,92476,59631],{"class":135},[44,92478,121],{"class":58},[44,92480,207],{"class":206},[44,92482,72],{"class":58},[44,92484,3483],{"class":206},[44,92486,72],{"class":58},[44,92488,1870],{"class":54},[44,92490,1137],{"class":206},[44,92492,2557],{"class":58},[44,92494,92495,92497,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,92496,136],{"class":135},[44,92498,121],{"class":58},[44,92500,2868],{"class":2546},[44,92502,121],{"class":58},[44,92504,59631],{"class":135},[44,92506,121],{"class":58},[44,92508,929],{"class":206},[44,92510,2557],{"class":58},[20,92512,25648],{},[169,92514,92515,92518,92521],{},[172,92516,92517],{},"what values are being created",[172,92519,92520],{},"whether the direction is correct",[172,92522,92523,92524,24257],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92525,59631],{},[30,92527,1497],{"id":1496},[338,92529,12355,92531,92533],{"id":92530},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92532,35837],{}," include the last number?",[20,92535,92536],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[338,92538,4806,92540,92542,92543,1547],{"id":92539},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92541,90469],{}," start at ",[15,92544,186],{},[20,92546,92547,92548,114],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92549,186],{},[338,92551,4818,92553,92555],{"id":92552},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92554,35837],{}," count backward?",[20,92557,92558,92559,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92560,92561],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[338,92563,1540,92565,25683],{"id":92564},"is-range-a-list",[15,92566,35837],{},[20,92568,25686,92569,92571,92572,23578],{},[15,92570,59631],{}," object. Use ",[15,92573,92574],{},"list(range(...))",[338,92576,4806,92578,48322],{"id":92577},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92579,92580],{},"range(input())",[20,92582,92583,3133,92585,114],{},[15,92584,2603],{},[15,92586,92587],{},"int(input())",[30,92589,1554],{"id":1553},[169,92591,92592,92596,92602,92608,92614],{},[172,92593,92594],{},[270,92595,35671],{"href":35670},[172,92597,92598],{},[270,92599,3225,92600,3158],{"href":41994},[15,92601,41997],{},[172,92603,92604],{},[270,92605,3225,92606,3158],{"href":91638},[15,92607,35392],{},[172,92609,92610],{},[270,92611,37155,92612,36246],{"href":36242},[15,92613,35392],{},[172,92615,92616],{},[270,92617,50162,92618],{"href":50161},[15,92619,50165],{},[1583,92621,92622],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":92624},[92625,92626,92628,92634,92642,92649,92651,92663,92664,92676],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":90478,"depth":103,"text":92627},"What range() does",{"id":90571,"depth":103,"text":92629,"children":92630},"range() syntax",[92631,92632,92633],{"id":90651,"depth":132,"text":90654},{"id":90715,"depth":132,"text":90718},{"id":90783,"depth":132,"text":90786},{"id":90854,"depth":103,"text":90855,"children":92635},[92636,92637,92638,92639,92640],{"id":90861,"depth":132,"text":90469},{"id":90924,"depth":132,"text":90927},{"id":90988,"depth":132,"text":90991},{"id":91064,"depth":132,"text":91065},{"id":76430,"depth":132,"text":92641},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91223,"depth":103,"text":92643,"children":92644},"Using range() in a for loop",[92645,92646,92647],{"id":91325,"depth":132,"text":91326},{"id":91370,"depth":132,"text":91371},{"id":91450,"depth":132,"text":92648},"range() and indexing",{"id":91725,"depth":103,"text":92650},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":92652},[92653,92654,92656,92657,92659,92661],{"id":91908,"depth":132,"text":91909},{"id":92004,"depth":132,"text":92655},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92070,"depth":132,"text":92071},{"id":92205,"depth":132,"text":92658},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92262,"depth":132,"text":92660},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92296,"depth":132,"text":92662},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92400,"depth":103,"text":92401},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":92665},[92666,92668,92670,92672,92674],{"id":92530,"depth":132,"text":92667},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92539,"depth":132,"text":92669},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92552,"depth":132,"text":92671},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92564,"depth":132,"text":92673},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92577,"depth":132,"text":92675},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90372,"description":92677},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92684,"title":92685,"body":92686,"description":94358,"extension":1616,"meta":94359,"navigation":434,"path":94360,"seo":94361,"stem":94362,"__hash__":94363},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92687,"toc":94331},[92688,92697,92704,92721,92737,92739,92788,92796,92800,92803,92823,92825,92889,92891,92934,92937,92983,92985,93018,93028,93034,93042,93059,93061,93092,93094,93119,93124,93135,93138,93208,93210,93241,93246,93251,93268,93270,93321,93323,93356,93359,93366,93371,93375,93391,93393,93437,93439,93485,93488,93501,93506,93510,93524,93526,93577,93579,93612,93617,93619,93626,93628,93651,93653,93718,93720,93737,93740,93773,93775,93803,93813,93820,93824,93827,93845,93848,93876,93879,93897,93902,93908,93911,93933,93935,93963,93965,93968,93993,93995,94108,94110,94189,94191,94197,94202,94210,94218,94222,94225,94227,94260,94262,94270,94276,94283,94290,94293,94295,94328],[10,92689,3225,92691,10236,92693,92696],{"id":92690},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92692,35837],{},[15,92694,92695],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92698,92699,898,92701,92703],{},[15,92700,35837],{},[15,92702,92695],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[169,92705,92706,92714],{},[172,92707,92708,92710,92711],{},[15,92709,35837],{}," creates a ",[367,92712,92713],{},"range object",[172,92715,92716,92710,92718],{},[15,92717,92695],{},[367,92719,92720],{},"real list",[20,92722,92723,92724,92726,92727,92730,92731,92733,92734,92736],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92725,90469],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92728,92729],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92732,35837],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92735,92695],{}," when you actually need a list.",[30,92738,3259],{"id":3258},[35,92740,92742],{"className":37,"code":92741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92743,92744,92758,92771],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92745,92746,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92747,199],{"class":50},[44,92749,55],{"class":54},[44,92751,53706],{"class":135},[44,92753,121],{"class":58},[44,92755,929],{"class":206},[44,92757,100],{"class":58},[44,92759,92760,92762,92764,92766,92768],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,92761,136],{"class":135},[44,92763,121],{"class":58},[44,92765,232],{"class":117},[44,92767,144],{"class":58},[44,92769,92770],{"class":147},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[44,92772,92773,92775,92777,92779,92781,92783,92785],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92774,136],{"class":135},[44,92776,121],{"class":58},[44,92778,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92780,121],{"class":58},[44,92782,232],{"class":117},[44,92784,459],{"class":58},[44,92786,92787],{"class":147},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92789,651,92790,92792,92793,92795],{},[15,92791,35837],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92794,92695],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[30,92797,92799],{"id":92798},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92801,92802],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[169,92804,92805,92812,92817,92820],{},[172,92806,92807,21615,92809,92811],{},[15,92808,35837],{},[367,92810,92713],{},", not a list",[172,92813,92814,92816],{},[15,92815,92695],{}," converts that range object into a list",[172,92818,92819],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[172,92821,92822],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92824,189],{},[35,92826,92828],{"className":37,"code":92827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92829,92830,92845,92864,92868,92878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92831,92832,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92833,92834],{"class":50},"r ",[44,92836,55],{"class":54},[44,92838,53706],{"class":135},[44,92840,121],{"class":58},[44,92842,929],{"class":206},[44,92844,100],{"class":58},[44,92846,92847,92850,92852,92854,92856,92858,92860,92862],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,92848,92849],{"class":50},"lst ",[44,92851,55],{"class":54},[44,92853,22199],{"class":2546},[44,92855,121],{"class":58},[44,92857,59631],{"class":135},[44,92859,121],{"class":58},[44,92861,929],{"class":206},[44,92863,244],{"class":58},[44,92865,92866],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,92867,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,92869,92870,92872,92874,92876],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,92871,136],{"class":135},[44,92873,121],{"class":58},[44,92875,60138],{"class":117},[44,92877,100],{"class":58},[44,92879,92880,92882,92884,92887],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,92881,136],{"class":135},[44,92883,121],{"class":58},[44,92885,92886],{"class":117},"lst",[44,92888,100],{"class":58},[20,92890,247],{},[35,92892,92894],{"className":37,"code":92893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92895,92896,92910],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92897,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906,92908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92899,59631],{"class":135},[44,92901,121],{"class":58},[44,92903,186],{"class":206},[44,92905,72],{"class":58},[44,92907,939],{"class":206},[44,92909,100],{"class":58},[44,92911,92912,92914,92916,92918,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930,92932],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,92913,1271],{"class":58},[44,92915,186],{"class":206},[44,92917,72],{"class":58},[44,92919,519],{"class":206},[44,92921,72],{"class":58},[44,92923,488],{"class":206},[44,92925,72],{"class":58},[44,92927,524],{"class":206},[44,92929,72],{"class":58},[44,92931,1114],{"class":206},[44,92933,3286],{"class":58},[20,92935,92936],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[35,92938,92940],{"className":37,"code":92939,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92941,92942,92960],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92943,92944,92946,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92945,136],{"class":135},[44,92947,121],{"class":58},[44,92949,2868],{"class":2546},[44,92951,121],{"class":58},[44,92953,59631],{"class":135},[44,92955,121],{"class":58},[44,92957,929],{"class":206},[44,92959,2557],{"class":58},[44,92961,92962,92964,92966,92968,92970,92972,92974,92976,92978,92980],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,92963,136],{"class":135},[44,92965,121],{"class":58},[44,92967,2868],{"class":2546},[44,92969,121],{"class":58},[44,92971,7742],{"class":2546},[44,92973,121],{"class":58},[44,92975,59631],{"class":135},[44,92977,121],{"class":58},[44,92979,929],{"class":206},[44,92981,92982],{"class":58},"))))\n",[20,92984,247],{},[35,92986,92988],{"className":37,"code":92987,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92989,92990,93004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,92991,92992,92994,92996,92998,93000,93002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,92993,2937],{"class":54},[44,92995,2940],{"class":1716},[44,92997,2943],{"class":62},[44,92999,59631],{"class":66},[44,93001,2948],{"class":62},[44,93003,2951],{"class":54},[44,93005,93006,93008,93010,93012,93014,93016],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93007,2937],{"class":54},[44,93009,2940],{"class":1716},[44,93011,2943],{"class":62},[44,93013,7742],{"class":66},[44,93015,2948],{"class":62},[44,93017,2951],{"class":54},[20,93019,93020,93021,93023,93024,114],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93022,35837],{}," works, see ",[270,93025,3225,93026,3158],{"href":92679},[15,93027,35837],{},[30,93029,158,93031,93033],{"id":93030},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93032,35837],{}," gives you",[20,93035,93036,93038,93039,93041],{},[15,93037,35837],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93040,5606],{}," loops.",[169,93043,93044,93047,93050,93053],{},[172,93045,93046],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[172,93048,93049],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[172,93051,93052],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[172,93054,93055,93056],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93057,93058],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93060,189],{},[35,93062,93064],{"className":37,"code":93063,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93065,93066,93082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93067,93068,93070,93072,93074,93076,93078,93080],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93069,5606],{"class":805},[44,93071,69165],{"class":50},[44,93073,1383],{"class":805},[44,93075,53706],{"class":135},[44,93077,121],{"class":58},[44,93079,929],{"class":206},[44,93081,7991],{"class":58},[44,93083,93084,93086,93088,93090],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93085,825],{"class":135},[44,93087,121],{"class":58},[44,93089,35793],{"class":117},[44,93091,100],{"class":58},[20,93093,247],{},[35,93095,93097],{"className":37,"code":93096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93098,93099,93103,93107,93111,93115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93100,93101],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93102,46889],{"class":206},[44,93104,93105],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93106,250],{"class":206},[44,93108,93109],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93110,1121],{"class":206},[44,93112,93113],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,93114,46255],{"class":206},[44,93116,93117],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,93118,48288],{"class":206},[20,93120,20413,93121,93123],{},[15,93122,90469],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93125,93126,93127,93129,93130,114],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93128,35837],{}," is so common with ",[270,93131,3225,93133,90500],{"href":93132},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93134,5606],{},[20,93136,93137],{},"You can also inspect it:",[35,93139,93141],{"className":37,"code":93140,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93142,93143,93165,93169,93179,93193],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93144,93145,93147,93149,93151,93153,93155,93157,93159,93161,93163],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93146,92834],{"class":50},[44,93148,55],{"class":54},[44,93150,53706],{"class":135},[44,93152,121],{"class":58},[44,93154,1137],{"class":206},[44,93156,72],{"class":58},[44,93158,934],{"class":206},[44,93160,72],{"class":58},[44,93162,488],{"class":206},[44,93164,100],{"class":58},[44,93166,93167],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93168,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,93170,93171,93173,93175,93177],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93172,136],{"class":135},[44,93174,121],{"class":58},[44,93176,60138],{"class":117},[44,93178,100],{"class":58},[44,93180,93181,93183,93185,93187,93189,93191],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,93182,136],{"class":135},[44,93184,121],{"class":58},[44,93186,1365],{"class":135},[44,93188,121],{"class":58},[44,93190,60138],{"class":117},[44,93192,244],{"class":58},[44,93194,93195,93197,93199,93201,93203,93206],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,93196,136],{"class":135},[44,93198,121],{"class":58},[44,93200,80210],{"class":206},[44,93202,815],{"class":805},[44,93204,93205],{"class":117}," r",[44,93207,100],{"class":58},[20,93209,247],{},[35,93211,93213],{"className":37,"code":93212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93214,93215,93233,93237],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93216,93217,93219,93221,93223,93225,93227,93229,93231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93218,59631],{"class":135},[44,93220,121],{"class":58},[44,93222,1137],{"class":206},[44,93224,72],{"class":58},[44,93226,934],{"class":206},[44,93228,72],{"class":58},[44,93230,488],{"class":206},[44,93232,100],{"class":58},[44,93234,93235],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93236,48288],{"class":206},[44,93238,93239],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93240,3629],{"class":3502},[30,93242,158,93244,93033],{"id":93243},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93245,92695],{},[20,93247,93248,93250],{},[15,93249,92695],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[169,93252,93253,93256,93259,93262],{},[172,93254,93255],{},"It creates all values at once",[172,93257,93258],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[172,93260,93261],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[172,93263,93264,93265,93267],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93266,35837],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93269,189],{},[35,93271,93273],{"className":37,"code":93272,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93274,93275,93293,93297,93307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93276,93277,93279,93281,93283,93285,93287,93289,93291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93278,199],{"class":50},[44,93280,55],{"class":54},[44,93282,22199],{"class":2546},[44,93284,121],{"class":58},[44,93286,59631],{"class":135},[44,93288,121],{"class":58},[44,93290,929],{"class":206},[44,93292,244],{"class":58},[44,93294,93295],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93296,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,93298,93299,93301,93303,93305],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93300,136],{"class":135},[44,93302,121],{"class":58},[44,93304,232],{"class":117},[44,93306,100],{"class":58},[44,93308,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,93310,136],{"class":135},[44,93312,121],{"class":58},[44,93314,232],{"class":117},[44,93316,1271],{"class":58},[44,93318,1137],{"class":206},[44,93320,3538],{"class":58},[20,93322,247],{},[35,93324,93326],{"className":37,"code":93325,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93327,93328,93352],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93329,93330,93332,93334,93336,93338,93340,93342,93344,93346,93348,93350],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93331,1271],{"class":58},[44,93333,186],{"class":206},[44,93335,72],{"class":58},[44,93337,519],{"class":206},[44,93339,72],{"class":58},[44,93341,488],{"class":206},[44,93343,72],{"class":58},[44,93345,524],{"class":206},[44,93347,72],{"class":58},[44,93349,1114],{"class":206},[44,93351,3286],{"class":58},[44,93353,93354],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93355,1121],{"class":206},[20,93357,93358],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93360,93361,93362,114],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[270,93363,3225,93364,3158],{"href":64479},[15,93365,24421],{},[30,93367,4609,93369],{"id":93368},"when-to-use-range",[15,93370,35837],{},[20,93372,651,93373,654],{},[15,93374,35837],{},[169,93376,93377,93382,93385,93388],{},[172,93378,93379,93380,91229],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93381,5606],{},[172,93383,93384],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[172,93386,93387],{},"You are working with large sequences",[172,93389,93390],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93392,189],{},[35,93394,93396],{"className":37,"code":93395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93397,93398,93418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93399,93400,93402,93404,93406,93408,93410,93412,93414,93416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93401,5606],{"class":805},[44,93403,69165],{"class":50},[44,93405,1383],{"class":805},[44,93407,53706],{"class":135},[44,93409,121],{"class":58},[44,93411,1133],{"class":206},[44,93413,72],{"class":58},[44,93415,37280],{"class":206},[44,93417,7991],{"class":58},[44,93419,93420,93422,93424,93426,93429,93431,93433,93435],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93421,825],{"class":135},[44,93423,121],{"class":58},[44,93425,63],{"class":62},[44,93427,93428],{"class":66},"Count:",[44,93430,63],{"class":62},[44,93432,72],{"class":58},[44,93434,35769],{"class":117},[44,93436,100],{"class":58},[20,93438,247],{},[35,93440,93442],{"className":37,"code":93441,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93443,93444,93453,93461,93469,93477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93445,93446,93449,93451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93447,93448],{"class":50},"Count",[44,93450,1155],{"class":58},[44,93452,29254],{"class":206},[44,93454,93455,93457,93459],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93456,93448],{"class":50},[44,93458,1155],{"class":58},[44,93460,45227],{"class":206},[44,93462,93463,93465,93467],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93464,93448],{"class":50},[44,93466,1155],{"class":58},[44,93468,2221],{"class":206},[44,93470,93471,93473,93475],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,93472,93448],{"class":50},[44,93474,1155],{"class":58},[44,93476,23303],{"class":206},[44,93478,93479,93481,93483],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,93480,93448],{"class":50},[44,93482,1155],{"class":58},[44,93484,34484],{"class":206},[20,93486,93487],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93489,93490,93491,93493,93494,61919,93496,114],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93492,35392],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93495,36236],{},[270,93497,36243,93499,36246],{"href":93498},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93500,35392],{},[30,93502,4609,93504],{"id":93503},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93505,92695],{},[20,93507,651,93508,654],{},[15,93509,92695],{},[169,93511,93512,93515,93518,93521],{},[172,93513,93514],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[172,93516,93517],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[172,93519,93520],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[172,93522,93523],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93525,189],{},[35,93527,93529],{"className":37,"code":93528,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93530,93531,93549,93563,93567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93532,93533,93535,93537,93539,93541,93543,93545,93547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93534,199],{"class":50},[44,93536,55],{"class":54},[44,93538,22199],{"class":2546},[44,93540,121],{"class":58},[44,93542,59631],{"class":135},[44,93544,121],{"class":58},[44,93546,929],{"class":206},[44,93548,244],{"class":58},[44,93550,93551,93553,93555,93557,93559,93561],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93552,232],{"class":50},[44,93554,114],{"class":58},[44,93556,13201],{"class":117},[44,93558,121],{"class":58},[44,93560,929],{"class":206},[44,93562,100],{"class":58},[44,93564,93565],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93566,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,93568,93569,93571,93573,93575],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,93570,136],{"class":135},[44,93572,121],{"class":58},[44,93574,232],{"class":117},[44,93576,100],{"class":58},[20,93578,247],{},[35,93580,93582],{"className":37,"code":93581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93583,93584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93585,93586,93588,93590,93592,93594,93596,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606,93608,93610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93587,1271],{"class":58},[44,93589,186],{"class":206},[44,93591,72],{"class":58},[44,93593,519],{"class":206},[44,93595,72],{"class":58},[44,93597,488],{"class":206},[44,93599,72],{"class":58},[44,93601,524],{"class":206},[44,93603,72],{"class":58},[44,93605,1114],{"class":206},[44,93607,72],{"class":58},[44,93609,939],{"class":206},[44,93611,3286],{"class":58},[20,93613,5708,93614,93616],{},[15,93615,232],{}," is a list.",[30,93618,15244],{"id":15243},[20,93620,93621,93623,93624,114],{},[15,93622,35837],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[367,93625,37234],{},[20,93627,1758],{},[169,93629,93630,93632,93637,93642,93645],{},[172,93631,21625],{},[172,93633,93634,93635],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93636,41997],{},[172,93638,93639,93640],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93641,1383],{},[172,93643,93644],{},"You can index it",[172,93646,93647,93648,93650],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93649,52289],{}," do not work on it",[20,93652,189],{},[35,93654,93656],{"className":37,"code":93655,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93657,93658,93672,93676,93690,93704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93659,93660,93662,93664,93666,93668,93670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93661,92834],{"class":50},[44,93663,55],{"class":54},[44,93665,53706],{"class":135},[44,93667,121],{"class":58},[44,93669,929],{"class":206},[44,93671,100],{"class":58},[44,93673,93674],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93675,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,93677,93678,93680,93682,93684,93686,93688],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93679,136],{"class":135},[44,93681,121],{"class":58},[44,93683,60138],{"class":117},[44,93685,1271],{"class":58},[44,93687,1137],{"class":206},[44,93689,3538],{"class":58},[44,93691,93692,93694,93696,93698,93700,93702],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,93693,136],{"class":135},[44,93695,121],{"class":58},[44,93697,1365],{"class":135},[44,93699,121],{"class":58},[44,93701,60138],{"class":117},[44,93703,244],{"class":58},[44,93705,93706,93708,93710,93712,93714,93716],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,93707,136],{"class":135},[44,93709,121],{"class":58},[44,93711,1141],{"class":206},[44,93713,815],{"class":805},[44,93715,93205],{"class":117},[44,93717,100],{"class":58},[20,93719,247],{},[35,93721,93723],{"className":37,"code":93722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93724,93725,93729,93733],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93726,93727],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93728,1121],{"class":206},[44,93730,93731],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93732,2592],{"class":206},[44,93734,93735],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,93736,3629],{"class":3502},[20,93738,93739],{},"Now compare that with this:",[35,93741,93743],{"className":37,"code":93742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93744,93745,93759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93746,93747,93749,93751,93753,93755,93757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93748,92834],{"class":50},[44,93750,55],{"class":54},[44,93752,53706],{"class":135},[44,93754,121],{"class":58},[44,93756,929],{"class":206},[44,93758,100],{"class":58},[44,93760,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93771],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,93762,60138],{"class":50},[44,93764,114],{"class":58},[44,93766,13201],{"class":117},[44,93768,121],{"class":58},[44,93770,929],{"class":206},[44,93772,100],{"class":58},[20,93774,247],{},[35,93776,93778],{"className":37,"code":93777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93779,93780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93781,93782,93784,93786,93788,93790,93792,93794,93797,93799,93801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93783,25311],{"class":2546},[44,93785,1155],{"class":58},[44,93787,2943],{"class":62},[44,93789,59631],{"class":66},[44,93791,2948],{"class":62},[44,93793,24257],{"class":2546},[44,93795,93796],{"class":50}," has no attribute ",[44,93798,2948],{"class":62},[44,93800,13201],{"class":66},[44,93802,29339],{"class":62},[20,93804,93805,93806,1134,93808,1841,93810,93812],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93807,52289],{},[15,93809,55165],{},[15,93811,63943],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93814,93815,93816,114],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[270,93817,25319,93818],{"href":35062},[15,93819,33896],{},[30,93821,93823],{"id":93822},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93825,93826],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[35,93828,93829],{"className":37,"code":92305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93830,93831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93832,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93834,136],{"class":135},[44,93836,121],{"class":58},[44,93838,59631],{"class":135},[44,93840,121],{"class":58},[44,93842,929],{"class":206},[44,93844,244],{"class":58},[20,93846,93847],{},"to show:",[35,93849,93850],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93851,93852],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93853,93854,93856,93858,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870,93872,93874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93855,1271],{"class":58},[44,93857,186],{"class":206},[44,93859,72],{"class":58},[44,93861,519],{"class":206},[44,93863,72],{"class":58},[44,93865,488],{"class":206},[44,93867,72],{"class":58},[44,93869,524],{"class":206},[44,93871,72],{"class":58},[44,93873,1114],{"class":206},[44,93875,3286],{"class":58},[20,93877,93878],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[35,93880,93881],{"className":37,"code":92326,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93882,93883],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93884,93885,93887,93889,93891,93893,93895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93886,59631],{"class":135},[44,93888,121],{"class":58},[44,93890,186],{"class":206},[44,93892,72],{"class":58},[44,93894,939],{"class":206},[44,93896,100],{"class":58},[20,93898,4277,93899,93901],{},[367,93900,881],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93903,93904,93905,93907],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[367,93906,92713],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93909,93910],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[35,93912,93913],{"className":37,"code":90662,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93914,93915],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93916,93917,93919,93921,93923,93925,93927,93929,93931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93918,136],{"class":135},[44,93920,121],{"class":58},[44,93922,7742],{"class":2546},[44,93924,121],{"class":58},[44,93926,59631],{"class":135},[44,93928,121],{"class":58},[44,93930,929],{"class":206},[44,93932,2557],{"class":58},[20,93934,247],{},[35,93936,93937],{"className":37,"code":59654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,93938,93939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,93940,93941,93943,93945,93947,93949,93951,93953,93955,93957,93959,93961],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,93942,1271],{"class":58},[44,93944,186],{"class":206},[44,93946,72],{"class":58},[44,93948,519],{"class":206},[44,93950,72],{"class":58},[44,93952,488],{"class":206},[44,93954,72],{"class":58},[44,93956,524],{"class":206},[44,93958,72],{"class":58},[44,93960,1114],{"class":206},[44,93962,3286],{"class":58},[30,93964,1299],{"id":1298},[20,93966,93967],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[169,93969,93970,93976,93979,93985],{},[172,93971,895,93972,93975],{},[15,93973,93974],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[172,93977,93978],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[172,93980,93981,93982,93984],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93983,35837],{}," is iterable but not a list",[172,93986,895,93987,93989,93990,93992],{},[15,93988,92695],{}," when plain ",[15,93991,35837],{}," would be simpler",[20,93994,1340],{},[35,93996,93998],{"className":37,"code":93997,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93999,94000,94014,94032,94050,94072,94090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94001,94002,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94003,136],{"class":135},[44,94005,121],{"class":58},[44,94007,59631],{"class":135},[44,94009,121],{"class":58},[44,94011,929],{"class":206},[44,94013,244],{"class":58},[44,94015,94016,94018,94020,94022,94024,94026,94028,94030],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94017,136],{"class":135},[44,94019,121],{"class":58},[44,94021,7742],{"class":2546},[44,94023,121],{"class":58},[44,94025,59631],{"class":135},[44,94027,121],{"class":58},[44,94029,929],{"class":206},[44,94031,2557],{"class":58},[44,94033,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046,94048],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94035,136],{"class":135},[44,94037,121],{"class":58},[44,94039,2868],{"class":2546},[44,94041,121],{"class":58},[44,94043,59631],{"class":135},[44,94045,121],{"class":58},[44,94047,929],{"class":206},[44,94049,2557],{"class":58},[44,94051,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064,94066,94068,94070],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,94053,136],{"class":135},[44,94055,121],{"class":58},[44,94057,2868],{"class":2546},[44,94059,121],{"class":58},[44,94061,7742],{"class":2546},[44,94063,121],{"class":58},[44,94065,59631],{"class":135},[44,94067,121],{"class":58},[44,94069,929],{"class":206},[44,94071,92982],{"class":58},[44,94073,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082,94084,94086,94088],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,94075,136],{"class":135},[44,94077,121],{"class":58},[44,94079,1141],{"class":206},[44,94081,815],{"class":805},[44,94083,53706],{"class":135},[44,94085,121],{"class":58},[44,94087,929],{"class":206},[44,94089,244],{"class":58},[44,94091,94092,94094,94096,94098,94100,94102,94104,94106],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,94093,136],{"class":135},[44,94095,121],{"class":58},[44,94097,1365],{"class":135},[44,94099,121],{"class":58},[44,94101,59631],{"class":135},[44,94103,121],{"class":58},[44,94105,929],{"class":206},[44,94107,2557],{"class":58},[20,94109,247],{},[35,94111,94113],{"className":37,"code":94112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94114,94115,94129,94153,94167,94181,94185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94116,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94118,59631],{"class":135},[44,94120,121],{"class":58},[44,94122,186],{"class":206},[44,94124,72],{"class":58},[44,94126,939],{"class":206},[44,94128,100],{"class":58},[44,94130,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141,94143,94145,94147,94149,94151],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94132,1271],{"class":58},[44,94134,186],{"class":206},[44,94136,72],{"class":58},[44,94138,519],{"class":206},[44,94140,72],{"class":58},[44,94142,488],{"class":206},[44,94144,72],{"class":58},[44,94146,524],{"class":206},[44,94148,72],{"class":58},[44,94150,1114],{"class":206},[44,94152,3286],{"class":58},[44,94154,94155,94157,94159,94161,94163,94165],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94156,2937],{"class":54},[44,94158,2940],{"class":1716},[44,94160,2943],{"class":62},[44,94162,59631],{"class":66},[44,94164,2948],{"class":62},[44,94166,2951],{"class":54},[44,94168,94169,94171,94173,94175,94177,94179],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,94170,2937],{"class":54},[44,94172,2940],{"class":1716},[44,94174,2943],{"class":62},[44,94176,7742],{"class":66},[44,94178,2948],{"class":62},[44,94180,2951],{"class":54},[44,94182,94183],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,94184,3629],{"class":3502},[44,94186,94187],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,94188,2592],{"class":206},[30,94190,1497],{"id":1496},[338,94192,1540,94194,94196],{"id":94193},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94195,35837],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94198,46003,94199,94201],{},[15,94200,35837],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[338,94203,94205,94206,10742,94208,1547],{"id":94204},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94207,35837],{},[15,94209,92695],{},[20,94211,94212,94214,94215,94217],{},[15,94213,35837],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94216,92695],{}," creates a full list.",[338,94219,94221],{"id":94220},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94223,94224],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94226,189],{},[35,94228,94230],{"className":37,"code":94229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94231,94232,94246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94233,94234,94236,94238,94240,94242,94244],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94235,92834],{"class":50},[44,94237,55],{"class":54},[44,94239,53706],{"class":135},[44,94241,121],{"class":58},[44,94243,929],{"class":206},[44,94245,100],{"class":58},[44,94247,94248,94250,94252,94254,94256,94258],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94249,136],{"class":135},[44,94251,121],{"class":58},[44,94253,60138],{"class":117},[44,94255,1271],{"class":58},[44,94257,1133],{"class":206},[44,94259,3538],{"class":58},[20,94261,247],{},[35,94263,94264],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,94265,94266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94267,94268],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94269,250],{"class":206},[338,94271,4806,94273,94275],{"id":94272},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94274,93974],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94277,94278,94279,94282],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94280,94281],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[338,94284,94286,94287,94289],{"id":94285},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94288,35837],{}," to a list?",[20,94291,94292],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[30,94294,1554],{"id":1553},[169,94296,94297,94303,94309,94316,94322],{},[172,94298,94299],{},[270,94300,3225,94301,3158],{"href":92679},[15,94302,35837],{},[172,94304,94305],{},[270,94306,3225,94307,3158],{"href":64479},[15,94308,24421],{},[172,94310,94311],{},[270,94312,3225,94313,94315],{"href":93132},[15,94314,5606],{}," loops explained",[172,94317,94318],{},[270,94319,37155,94320,36246],{"href":93498},[15,94321,35392],{},[172,94323,94324],{},[270,94325,25762,94326],{"href":35062},[15,94327,33896],{},[1583,94329,94330],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":94332},[94333,94334,94335,94337,94339,94341,94343,94344,94345,94346,94357],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":92798,"depth":103,"text":92799},{"id":93030,"depth":103,"text":94336},"What range() gives you",{"id":93243,"depth":103,"text":94338},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93368,"depth":103,"text":94340},"When to use range()",{"id":93503,"depth":103,"text":94342},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15243,"depth":103,"text":15244},{"id":93822,"depth":103,"text":93823},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":94347},[94348,94350,94352,94353,94355],{"id":94193,"depth":132,"text":94349},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94204,"depth":132,"text":94351},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94220,"depth":132,"text":94221},{"id":94272,"depth":132,"text":94354},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94285,"depth":132,"text":94356},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92685,"description":94358},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94365,"title":94366,"body":94367,"description":95803,"extension":1616,"meta":95804,"navigation":434,"path":95805,"seo":95806,"stem":95807,"__hash__":95808},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94368,"toc":95769},[94369,94375,94380,94383,94397,94400,94402,94441,94443,94456,94464,94469,94485,94488,94490,94492,94513,94530,94533,94592,94594,94613,94618,94624,94627,94661,94663,94676,94679,94724,94726,94749,94756,94762,94765,94806,94808,94822,94825,94883,94885,94900,94913,94919,94925,94990,94992,95011,95013,95031,95034,95038,95044,95046,95079,95081,95094,95104,95107,95168,95170,95191,95194,95196,95212,95217,95221,95226,95231,95287,95289,95307,95310,95355,95357,95365,95370,95374,95388,95390,95422,95424,95433,95435,95439,95448,95451,95483,95485,95497,95500,95504,95509,95550,95552,95560,95563,95586,95590,95592,95601,95604,95657,95659,95668,95672,95677,95688,95690,95699,95702,95708,95711,95717,95727,95735,95742,95744,95766],[10,94370,3225,94372,3229],{"id":94371},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94373,94374],{},"round()",[20,94376,8773,94377,94379],{},[15,94378,94374],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94381,94382],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[169,94384,94385,94391],{},[172,94386,94387,94390],{},[15,94388,94389],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[172,94392,94393,94396],{},[15,94394,94395],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94398,94399],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[30,94401,33],{"id":32},[35,94403,94405],{"className":37,"code":94404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94406,94407,94423],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94408,94409,94411,94413,94416,94418,94421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94410,136],{"class":135},[44,94412,121],{"class":58},[44,94414,94415],{"class":135},"round",[44,94417,121],{"class":58},[44,94419,94420],{"class":206},"3.14159",[44,94422,244],{"class":58},[44,94424,94425,94427,94429,94431,94433,94435,94437,94439],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94426,136],{"class":135},[44,94428,121],{"class":58},[44,94430,94415],{"class":135},[44,94432,121],{"class":58},[44,94434,94420],{"class":206},[44,94436,72],{"class":58},[44,94438,488],{"class":206},[44,94440,244],{"class":58},[20,94442,247],{},[35,94444,94446],{"className":37,"code":94445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94447,94448,94452],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94449,94450],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94451,46255],{"class":206},[44,94453,94454],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94455,39814],{"class":206},[20,94457,651,94458,94460,94461,94463],{},[15,94459,94389],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94462,94395],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[30,94465,158,94467,161],{"id":94466},"what-round-does",[15,94468,94374],{},[169,94470,94471,94476,94479,94482],{},[172,94472,94473,94475],{},[15,94474,94374],{}," is a built-in Python function",[172,94477,94478],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[172,94480,94481],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[172,94483,94484],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94486,94487],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[30,94489,277],{"id":276},[20,94491,1809],{},[35,94493,94495],{"className":37,"code":94494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94496,94497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94498,94499,94501,94503,94505,94508,94511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94500,94415],{"class":135},[44,94502,121],{"class":58},[44,94504,1887],{"class":117},[44,94506,94507],{"class":58},"[,",[44,94509,94510],{"class":117}," ndigits",[44,94512,3538],{"class":58},[169,94514,94515,94520,94525],{},[172,94516,94517,94519],{},[15,94518,1887],{}," is the value to round",[172,94521,94522,19682],{},[15,94523,94524],{},"ndigits",[172,94526,94527,94529],{},[15,94528,94524],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94531,94532],{},"Basic examples:",[35,94534,94536],{"className":37,"code":94535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94537,94538,94553,94571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94539,94540,94542,94544,94546,94548,94551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94541,136],{"class":135},[44,94543,121],{"class":58},[44,94545,94415],{"class":135},[44,94547,121],{"class":58},[44,94549,94550],{"class":206},"7.8",[44,94552,244],{"class":58},[44,94554,94555,94557,94559,94561,94563,94565,94567,94569],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94556,136],{"class":135},[44,94558,121],{"class":58},[44,94560,94415],{"class":135},[44,94562,121],{"class":58},[44,94564,94550],{"class":206},[44,94566,72],{"class":58},[44,94568,519],{"class":206},[44,94570,244],{"class":58},[44,94572,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581,94584,94586,94588,94590],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94574,136],{"class":135},[44,94576,121],{"class":58},[44,94578,94415],{"class":135},[44,94580,121],{"class":58},[44,94582,94583],{"class":206},"1234",[44,94585,72],{"class":58},[44,94587,1870],{"class":54},[44,94589,1137],{"class":206},[44,94591,244],{"class":58},[20,94593,247],{},[35,94595,94597],{"className":37,"code":94596,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94598,94599,94603,94608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94600,94601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94602,2028],{"class":206},[44,94604,94605],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94606,94607],{"class":206},"7.8\n",[44,94609,94610],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94611,94612],{"class":206},"1200\n",[20,94614,94615,94616,114],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[270,94617,2067],{"href":2066},[30,94619,895,94621,94623],{"id":94620},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94622,94374],{}," with one argument",[20,94625,94626],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[35,94628,94630],{"className":37,"code":94629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94631,94632,94646],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94633,94634,94636,94638,94640,94642,94644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94635,136],{"class":135},[44,94637,121],{"class":58},[44,94639,94415],{"class":135},[44,94641,121],{"class":58},[44,94643,2009],{"class":206},[44,94645,244],{"class":58},[44,94647,94648,94650,94652,94654,94656,94659],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94649,136],{"class":135},[44,94651,121],{"class":58},[44,94653,94415],{"class":135},[44,94655,121],{"class":58},[44,94657,94658],{"class":206},"4.8",[44,94660,244],{"class":58},[20,94662,247],{},[35,94664,94666],{"className":37,"code":94665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4\n5\n",[15,94667,94668,94672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94669,94670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94671,48288],{"class":206},[44,94673,94674],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94675,2592],{"class":206},[20,94677,94678],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[35,94680,94682],{"className":37,"code":94681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94683,94684,94700,94710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94685,94686,94688,94690,94693,94695,94698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94687,604],{"class":50},[44,94689,55],{"class":54},[44,94691,94692],{"class":135}," round",[44,94694,121],{"class":58},[44,94696,94697],{"class":206},"10.2",[44,94699,100],{"class":58},[44,94701,94702,94704,94706,94708],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94703,136],{"class":135},[44,94705,121],{"class":58},[44,94707,632],{"class":117},[44,94709,100],{"class":58},[44,94711,94712,94714,94716,94718,94720,94722],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94713,136],{"class":135},[44,94715,121],{"class":58},[44,94717,2868],{"class":2546},[44,94719,121],{"class":58},[44,94721,632],{"class":117},[44,94723,244],{"class":58},[20,94725,247],{},[35,94727,94729],{"className":37,"code":94728,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94730,94731,94735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94732,94733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94734,2023],{"class":206},[44,94736,94737,94739,94741,94743,94745,94747],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94738,2937],{"class":54},[44,94740,2940],{"class":1716},[44,94742,2943],{"class":62},[44,94744,1837],{"class":66},[44,94746,2948],{"class":62},[44,94748,2951],{"class":54},[20,94750,94751,94752,114],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[270,94753,3225,94754,3158],{"href":2518},[15,94755,2521],{},[30,94757,895,94759,94761],{"id":94758},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94760,94374],{}," with decimal places",[20,94763,94764],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[35,94766,94768],{"className":37,"code":94767,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94769,94770,94788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94771,94772,94774,94776,94778,94780,94782,94784,94786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94773,136],{"class":135},[44,94775,121],{"class":58},[44,94777,94415],{"class":135},[44,94779,121],{"class":58},[44,94781,94420],{"class":206},[44,94783,72],{"class":58},[44,94785,488],{"class":206},[44,94787,244],{"class":58},[44,94789,94790,94792,94794,94796,94798,94800,94802,94804],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94791,136],{"class":135},[44,94793,121],{"class":58},[44,94795,94415],{"class":135},[44,94797,121],{"class":58},[44,94799,94420],{"class":206},[44,94801,72],{"class":58},[44,94803,524],{"class":206},[44,94805,244],{"class":58},[20,94807,247],{},[35,94809,94811],{"className":37,"code":94810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94812,94813,94817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94814,94815],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94816,39814],{"class":206},[44,94818,94819],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94820,94821],{"class":206},"3.142\n",[20,94823,94824],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[35,94826,94828],{"className":37,"code":94827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94829,94830,94839,94858,94862,94872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94831,94832,94834,94836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94833,40024],{"class":50},[44,94835,55],{"class":54},[44,94837,94838],{"class":206}," 19.9876\n",[44,94840,94841,94844,94846,94848,94850,94852,94854,94856],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94842,94843],{"class":50},"rounded_price ",[44,94845,55],{"class":54},[44,94847,94692],{"class":135},[44,94849,121],{"class":58},[44,94851,24790],{"class":117},[44,94853,72],{"class":58},[44,94855,488],{"class":206},[44,94857,100],{"class":58},[44,94859,94860],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94861,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,94863,94864,94866,94868,94870],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,94865,136],{"class":135},[44,94867,121],{"class":58},[44,94869,24790],{"class":117},[44,94871,100],{"class":58},[44,94873,94874,94876,94878,94881],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,94875,136],{"class":135},[44,94877,121],{"class":58},[44,94879,94880],{"class":117},"rounded_price",[44,94882,100],{"class":58},[20,94884,247],{},[35,94886,94888],{"className":37,"code":94887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94889,94890,94895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94891,94892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94893,94894],{"class":206},"19.9876\n",[44,94896,94897],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94898,94899],{"class":206},"19.99\n",[20,94901,94902,94903,94906,94907,2522,94909,114],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94904,94905],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[270,94908,40528],{"href":40527},[270,94910,3225,94911,3158],{"href":2525},[15,94912,2528],{},[30,94914,94916,94917],{"id":94915},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94918,94524],{},[20,94920,94921,94922,94924],{},"A negative ",[15,94923,94524],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[35,94926,94928],{"className":37,"code":94927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94929,94930,94950,94970],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94931,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944,94946,94948],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,94933,136],{"class":135},[44,94935,121],{"class":58},[44,94937,94415],{"class":135},[44,94939,121],{"class":58},[44,94941,94583],{"class":206},[44,94943,72],{"class":58},[44,94945,1870],{"class":54},[44,94947,1133],{"class":206},[44,94949,244],{"class":58},[44,94951,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964,94966,94968],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,94953,136],{"class":135},[44,94955,121],{"class":58},[44,94957,94415],{"class":135},[44,94959,121],{"class":58},[44,94961,94583],{"class":206},[44,94963,72],{"class":58},[44,94965,1870],{"class":54},[44,94967,1137],{"class":206},[44,94969,244],{"class":58},[44,94971,94972,94974,94976,94978,94980,94982,94984,94986,94988],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,94973,136],{"class":135},[44,94975,121],{"class":58},[44,94977,94415],{"class":135},[44,94979,121],{"class":58},[44,94981,94583],{"class":206},[44,94983,72],{"class":58},[44,94985,1870],{"class":54},[44,94987,1141],{"class":206},[44,94989,244],{"class":58},[20,94991,247],{},[35,94993,94995],{"className":37,"code":94994,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94996,94997,95002,95006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,94998,94999],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95000,95001],{"class":206},"1230\n",[44,95003,95004],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95005,94612],{"class":206},[44,95007,95008],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95009,95010],{"class":206},"1000\n",[20,95012,65209],{},[169,95014,95015,95020,95026],{},[172,95016,95017,95019],{},[15,95018,65473],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[172,95021,95022,95025],{},[15,95023,95024],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[172,95027,95028,95030],{},[15,95029,47308],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95032,95033],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[30,95035,95037],{"id":95036},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95039,95040,95041,114],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95042,95043],{},".5",[20,95045,5120],{},[35,95047,95049],{"className":37,"code":95048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95050,95051,95065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95052,95053,95055,95057,95059,95061,95063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95054,136],{"class":135},[44,95056,121],{"class":58},[44,95058,94415],{"class":135},[44,95060,121],{"class":58},[44,95062,40795],{"class":206},[44,95064,244],{"class":58},[44,95066,95067,95069,95071,95073,95075,95077],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95068,136],{"class":135},[44,95070,121],{"class":58},[44,95072,94415],{"class":135},[44,95074,121],{"class":58},[44,95076,1692],{"class":206},[44,95078,244],{"class":58},[20,95080,247],{},[35,95082,95084],{"className":37,"code":95083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n4\n",[15,95085,95086,95090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95087,95088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95089,1121],{"class":206},[44,95091,95092],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95093,48288],{"class":206},[20,95095,95096,95097,95100,95101,95103],{},"Python uses ",[367,95098,95099],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95102,95043],{}," situations.",[20,95105,95106],{},"More examples:",[35,95108,95110],{"className":37,"code":95109,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95111,95112,95126,95140,95154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95113,95114,95116,95118,95120,95122,95124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95115,136],{"class":135},[44,95117,121],{"class":58},[44,95119,94415],{"class":135},[44,95121,121],{"class":58},[44,95123,40808],{"class":206},[44,95125,244],{"class":58},[44,95127,95128,95130,95132,95134,95136,95138],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95129,136],{"class":135},[44,95131,121],{"class":58},[44,95133,94415],{"class":135},[44,95135,121],{"class":58},[44,95137,40795],{"class":206},[44,95139,244],{"class":58},[44,95141,95142,95144,95146,95148,95150,95152],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95143,136],{"class":135},[44,95145,121],{"class":58},[44,95147,94415],{"class":135},[44,95149,121],{"class":58},[44,95151,1692],{"class":206},[44,95153,244],{"class":58},[44,95155,95156,95158,95160,95162,95164,95166],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,95157,136],{"class":135},[44,95159,121],{"class":58},[44,95161,94415],{"class":135},[44,95163,121],{"class":58},[44,95165,40760],{"class":206},[44,95167,244],{"class":58},[20,95169,247],{},[35,95171,95173],{"className":37,"code":95172,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95174,95175,95179,95183,95187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95176,95177],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95178,1121],{"class":206},[44,95180,95181],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95182,1121],{"class":206},[44,95184,95185],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95186,48288],{"class":206},[44,95188,95189],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,95190,48288],{"class":206},[20,95192,95193],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95195,10363],{},[169,95197,95198,95205],{},[172,95199,95200,1784,95203],{},[15,95201,95202],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95204,1137],{},[172,95206,95207,1784,95210],{},[15,95208,95209],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95211,1145],{},[20,95213,2815,95214,95216],{},[15,95215,95043],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[30,95218,95220],{"id":95219},"return-values","Return values",[20,95222,95223,95225],{},[15,95224,94374],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95227,40542,95228,95230],{},[367,95229,881],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[35,95232,95234],{"className":37,"code":95233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95235,95236,95245,95249,95259,95277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95237,95238,95240,95242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95239,1380],{"class":50},[44,95241,55],{"class":54},[44,95243,95244],{"class":206}," 3.14159\n",[44,95246,95247],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95248,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,95250,95251,95253,95255,95257],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95252,136],{"class":135},[44,95254,121],{"class":58},[44,95256,302],{"class":117},[44,95258,100],{"class":58},[44,95260,95261,95263,95265,95267,95269,95271,95273,95275],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,95262,136],{"class":135},[44,95264,121],{"class":58},[44,95266,94415],{"class":135},[44,95268,121],{"class":58},[44,95270,302],{"class":117},[44,95272,72],{"class":58},[44,95274,488],{"class":206},[44,95276,244],{"class":58},[44,95278,95279,95281,95283,95285],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,95280,136],{"class":135},[44,95282,121],{"class":58},[44,95284,302],{"class":117},[44,95286,100],{"class":58},[20,95288,247],{},[35,95290,95292],{"className":37,"code":95291,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95293,95294,95299,95303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95295,95296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95297,95298],{"class":206},"3.14159\n",[44,95300,95301],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95302,39814],{"class":206},[44,95304,95305],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95306,95298],{"class":206},[20,95308,95309],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[35,95311,95313],{"className":37,"code":95312,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95314,95315,95323,95341,95345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95316,95317,95319,95321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95318,1380],{"class":50},[44,95320,55],{"class":54},[44,95322,95244],{"class":206},[44,95324,95325,95327,95329,95331,95333,95335,95337,95339],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95326,1380],{"class":50},[44,95328,55],{"class":54},[44,95330,94692],{"class":135},[44,95332,121],{"class":58},[44,95334,302],{"class":117},[44,95336,72],{"class":58},[44,95338,488],{"class":206},[44,95340,100],{"class":58},[44,95342,95343],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95344,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,95346,95347,95349,95351,95353],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,95348,136],{"class":135},[44,95350,121],{"class":58},[44,95352,302],{"class":117},[44,95354,100],{"class":58},[20,95356,247],{},[35,95358,95359],{"className":37,"code":39814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95360,95361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95362,95363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95364,39814],{"class":206},[30,95366,4609,95368],{"id":95367},"when-to-use-round",[15,95369,94374],{},[20,95371,651,95372,5966],{},[15,95373,94374],{},[169,95375,95376,95379,95382,95385],{},[172,95377,95378],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[172,95380,95381],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[172,95383,95384],{},"Round values before reporting results",[172,95386,95387],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95389,5120],{},[35,95391,95393],{"className":37,"code":95392,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95394,95395,95404],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95396,95397,95399,95401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95398,2240],{"class":50},[44,95400,55],{"class":54},[44,95402,95403],{"class":206}," 12.67891\n",[44,95405,95406,95408,95410,95412,95414,95416,95418,95420],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95407,136],{"class":135},[44,95409,121],{"class":58},[44,95411,94415],{"class":135},[44,95413,121],{"class":58},[44,95415,2263],{"class":117},[44,95417,72],{"class":58},[44,95419,488],{"class":206},[44,95421,244],{"class":58},[20,95423,247],{},[35,95425,95427],{"className":37,"code":95426,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"12.68\n",[15,95428,95429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95430,95431],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95432,95426],{"class":206},[30,95434,1299],{"id":1298},[20,95436,22734,95437,114],{},[15,95438,94374],{},[338,95440,1312,95442,95444,95445,95447],{"id":95441},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95443,94374],{}," to always round ",[15,95446,95043],{}," upward",[20,95449,95450],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[35,95452,95453],{"className":37,"code":95048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95454,95455,95469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95456,95457,95459,95461,95463,95465,95467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95458,136],{"class":135},[44,95460,121],{"class":58},[44,95462,94415],{"class":135},[44,95464,121],{"class":58},[44,95466,40795],{"class":206},[44,95468,244],{"class":58},[44,95470,95471,95473,95475,95477,95479,95481],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95472,136],{"class":135},[44,95474,121],{"class":58},[44,95476,94415],{"class":135},[44,95478,121],{"class":58},[44,95480,1692],{"class":206},[44,95482,244],{"class":58},[20,95484,247],{},[35,95486,95487],{"className":37,"code":95083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95488,95489,95493],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95490,95491],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95492,1121],{"class":206},[44,95494,95495],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95496,48288],{"class":206},[20,95498,95499],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[338,95501,95503],{"id":95502},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95505,95506,95508],{},[15,95507,94374],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[35,95510,95512],{"className":37,"code":95511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95513,95514,95522,95536,95540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95515,95516,95518,95520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95517,1380],{"class":50},[44,95519,55],{"class":54},[44,95521,95244],{"class":206},[44,95523,95524,95526,95528,95530,95532,95534],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95525,94415],{"class":135},[44,95527,121],{"class":58},[44,95529,302],{"class":117},[44,95531,72],{"class":58},[44,95533,488],{"class":206},[44,95535,100],{"class":58},[44,95537,95538],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95539,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,95541,95542,95544,95546,95548],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,95543,136],{"class":135},[44,95545,121],{"class":58},[44,95547,302],{"class":117},[44,95549,100],{"class":58},[20,95551,247],{},[35,95553,95554],{"className":37,"code":95298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,95555,95556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95557,95558],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95559,95298],{"class":206},[20,95561,95562],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[35,95564,95566],{"className":37,"code":95565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95567,95568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95569,95570,95572,95574,95576,95578,95580,95582,95584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95571,1380],{"class":50},[44,95573,55],{"class":54},[44,95575,94692],{"class":135},[44,95577,121],{"class":58},[44,95579,302],{"class":117},[44,95581,72],{"class":58},[44,95583,488],{"class":206},[44,95585,100],{"class":58},[338,95587,95589],{"id":95588},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95591,16048],{},[35,95593,95595],{"className":37,"code":95594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95596,95597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95598,95599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95600,95594],{"class":147},[20,95602,95603],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[35,95605,95607],{"className":37,"code":95606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95608,95609,95621,95635,95639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95610,95611,95613,95615,95617,95619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95612,34329],{"class":50},[44,95614,55],{"class":54},[44,95616,75],{"class":62},[44,95618,39780],{"class":66},[44,95620,3007],{"class":62},[44,95622,95623,95625,95627,95629,95631,95633],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95624,1865],{"class":50},[44,95626,55],{"class":54},[44,95628,39892],{"class":2546},[44,95630,121],{"class":58},[44,95632,34350],{"class":117},[44,95634,100],{"class":58},[44,95636,95637],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95638,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,95640,95641,95643,95645,95647,95649,95651,95653,95655],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,95642,136],{"class":135},[44,95644,121],{"class":58},[44,95646,94415],{"class":135},[44,95648,121],{"class":58},[44,95650,1887],{"class":117},[44,95652,72],{"class":58},[44,95654,519],{"class":206},[44,95656,244],{"class":58},[20,95658,247],{},[35,95660,95662],{"className":37,"code":95661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.1\n",[15,95663,95664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95665,95666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95667,95661],{"class":206},[338,95669,95671],{"id":95670},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95673,95674,95676],{},[15,95675,94374],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95678,95679,95680,2522,95684,114],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[270,95681,95682],{"href":2525},[15,95683,2528],{},[270,95685,95686],{"href":2518},[15,95687,2521],{},[30,95689,1497],{"id":1496},[338,95691,12355,95693,95695,95696,95698],{"id":95692},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95694,94374],{}," always round ",[15,95697,39851],{}," up?",[20,95700,95701],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[338,95703,12355,95705,95707],{"id":95704},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95706,94374],{}," change the original number?",[20,95709,95710],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[338,95712,4818,95714,95716],{"id":95713},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95715,94374],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95718,95719,95720,95722,95723,2522,95725,114],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95721,94524],{}," value like ",[15,95724,65473],{},[15,95726,95024],{},[338,95728,27967,95730,95732,95733,1547],{"id":95729},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95731,94374],{}," on a string like ",[15,95734,47732],{},[20,95736,95737,95738,2522,95740,114],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95739,2528],{},[15,95741,2521],{},[30,95743,1554],{"id":1553},[169,95745,95746,95752,95758,95762],{},[172,95747,95748],{},[270,95749,3225,95750,3158],{"href":2525},[15,95751,2528],{},[172,95753,95754],{},[270,95755,3225,95756,3158],{"href":2518},[15,95757,2521],{},[172,95759,95760],{},[270,95761,2067],{"href":2066},[172,95763,95764],{},[270,95765,41817],{"href":40527},[1583,95767,95768],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":95770},[95771,95772,95774,95775,95777,95779,95781,95782,95783,95785,95792,95802],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":94466,"depth":103,"text":95773},"What round() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":94620,"depth":103,"text":95776},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94758,"depth":103,"text":95778},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94915,"depth":103,"text":95780},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95036,"depth":103,"text":95037},{"id":95219,"depth":103,"text":95220},{"id":95367,"depth":103,"text":95784},"When to use round()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":95786},[95787,95789,95790,95791],{"id":95441,"depth":132,"text":95788},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95502,"depth":132,"text":95503},{"id":95588,"depth":132,"text":95589},{"id":95670,"depth":132,"text":95671},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":95793},[95794,95796,95798,95800],{"id":95692,"depth":132,"text":95795},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95704,"depth":132,"text":95797},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95713,"depth":132,"text":95799},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95729,"depth":132,"text":95801},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94366,"description":95803},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95810,"title":95811,"body":95812,"description":96997,"extension":1616,"meta":96998,"navigation":434,"path":96999,"seo":97000,"stem":97001,"__hash__":97002},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95813,"toc":96971},[95814,95821,95827,95830,95832,95881,95885,95910,95915,95920,95925,95939,95950,95952,95971,95973,95989,95992,96003,96005,96007,96068,96072,96105,96112,96119,96122,96155,96158,96162,96165,96218,96222,96243,96249,96256,96263,96324,96332,96409,96413,96425,96434,96436,96442,96448,96452,96505,96508,96566,96570,96578,96581,96585,96588,96598,96600,96697,96700,96711,96714,96757,96761,96785,96788,96794,96796,96800,96825,96827,96894,96903,96905,96911,96916,96920,96923,96927,96934,96938,96943,96945,96962,96968],[10,95815,95817,95818,18],{"id":95816},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95819,95820],{},"add()",[20,95822,95823,95826],{},[15,95824,95825],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95828,95829],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,95831,33],{"id":32},[35,95833,95835],{"className":37,"code":95834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95836,95837,95857,95871],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95838,95839,95841,95843,95845,95847,95849,95851,95853,95855],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95840,199],{"class":50},[44,95842,55],{"class":54},[44,95844,10141],{"class":58},[44,95846,1133],{"class":206},[44,95848,72],{"class":58},[44,95850,488],{"class":206},[44,95852,72],{"class":58},[44,95854,524],{"class":206},[44,95856,8959],{"class":58},[44,95858,95859,95861,95863,95865,95867,95869],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,95860,232],{"class":50},[44,95862,114],{"class":58},[44,95864,81722],{"class":117},[44,95866,121],{"class":58},[44,95868,1145],{"class":206},[44,95870,100],{"class":58},[44,95872,95873,95875,95877,95879],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,95874,136],{"class":135},[44,95876,121],{"class":58},[44,95878,232],{"class":117},[44,95880,100],{"class":58},[20,95882,95883],{},[367,95884,247],{},[35,95886,95888],{"className":37,"code":95887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95889,95890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95891,95892,95894,95896,95898,95900,95902,95904,95906,95908],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95893,8928],{"class":58},[44,95895,1133],{"class":206},[44,95897,72],{"class":58},[44,95899,488],{"class":206},[44,95901,72],{"class":58},[44,95903,524],{"class":206},[44,95905,72],{"class":58},[44,95907,1114],{"class":206},[44,95909,8959],{"class":58},[20,95911,651,95912,95914],{},[15,95913,95820],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[30,95916,158,95918,161],{"id":95917},"what-setadd-does",[15,95919,95825],{},[20,95921,95922,95924],{},[15,95923,95825],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[169,95926,95927,95930,95933,95936],{},[172,95928,95929],{},"Adds one item to a set",[172,95931,95932],{},"Changes the original set in place",[172,95934,95935],{},"Does not return a new set",[172,95937,95938],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95940,95941,95942,2522,95946,114],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[270,95943,95945],{"href":95944},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[270,95947,95949],{"href":95948},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[30,95951,277],{"id":276},[35,95953,95955],{"className":37,"code":95954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95956,95957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,95958,95959,95961,95963,95965,95967,95969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,95960,15314],{"class":50},[44,95962,114],{"class":58},[44,95964,81722],{"class":117},[44,95966,121],{"class":58},[44,95968,22950],{"class":117},[44,95970,100],{"class":58},[20,95972,11107],{},[169,95974,95975,95980,95983],{},[172,95976,55545,95977,95979],{},[15,95978,95820],{}," on an existing set",[172,95981,95982],{},"Pass exactly one item",[172,95984,95985,95986],{},"The item must be ",[367,95987,95988],{},"hashable",[20,95990,95991],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[169,95993,95994,95996,95998,96001],{},[172,95995,56098],{},[172,95997,56101],{},[172,95999,96000],{},"Tuples",[172,96002,40232],{},[30,96004,11124],{"id":11123},[20,96006,11127],{},[35,96008,96010],{"className":37,"code":96009,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96011,96012,96036,96054,96058],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96013,96014,96016,96018,96020,96022,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032,96034],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96015,51],{"class":50},[44,96017,55],{"class":54},[44,96019,10141],{"class":58},[44,96021,63],{"class":62},[44,96023,67],{"class":66},[44,96025,63],{"class":62},[44,96027,72],{"class":58},[44,96029,75],{"class":62},[44,96031,78],{"class":66},[44,96033,63],{"class":62},[44,96035,8959],{"class":58},[44,96037,96038,96040,96042,96044,96046,96048,96050,96052],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96039,734],{"class":50},[44,96041,114],{"class":58},[44,96043,81722],{"class":117},[44,96045,121],{"class":58},[44,96047,63],{"class":62},[44,96049,87],{"class":66},[44,96051,63],{"class":62},[44,96053,100],{"class":58},[44,96055,96056],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96057,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96059,96060,96062,96064,96066],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96061,136],{"class":135},[44,96063,121],{"class":58},[44,96065,734],{"class":117},[44,96067,100],{"class":58},[20,96069,96070],{},[367,96071,29669],{},[35,96073,96075],{"className":37,"code":96074,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96076,96077],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96078,96079,96081,96083,96085,96087,96089,96091,96093,96095,96097,96099,96101,96103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96080,8928],{"class":58},[44,96082,2948],{"class":62},[44,96084,67],{"class":66},[44,96086,2948],{"class":62},[44,96088,72],{"class":58},[44,96090,2943],{"class":62},[44,96092,87],{"class":66},[44,96094,2948],{"class":62},[44,96096,72],{"class":58},[44,96098,2943],{"class":62},[44,96100,78],{"class":66},[44,96102,2948],{"class":62},[44,96104,8959],{"class":58},[20,96106,96107,96108,96111],{},"The new value ",[15,96109,96110],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96113,96114,96115,96118],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[367,96116,96117],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96120,96121],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[35,96123,96125],{"className":37,"code":96124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96126,96127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96128,96129,96131,96133,96135,96137,96139,96141,96143,96145,96147,96149,96151,96153],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96130,8928],{"class":58},[44,96132,2948],{"class":62},[44,96134,78],{"class":66},[44,96136,2948],{"class":62},[44,96138,72],{"class":58},[44,96140,2943],{"class":62},[44,96142,67],{"class":66},[44,96144,2948],{"class":62},[44,96146,72],{"class":58},[44,96148,2943],{"class":62},[44,96150,87],{"class":66},[44,96152,2948],{"class":62},[44,96154,8959],{"class":58},[20,96156,96157],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[30,96159,96161],{"id":96160},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96163,96164],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[35,96166,96168],{"className":37,"code":96167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96169,96170,96190,96204,96208],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96171,96172,96174,96176,96178,96180,96182,96184,96186,96188],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96173,199],{"class":50},[44,96175,55],{"class":54},[44,96177,10141],{"class":58},[44,96179,1133],{"class":206},[44,96181,72],{"class":58},[44,96183,488],{"class":206},[44,96185,72],{"class":58},[44,96187,524],{"class":206},[44,96189,8959],{"class":58},[44,96191,96192,96194,96196,96198,96200,96202],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96193,232],{"class":50},[44,96195,114],{"class":58},[44,96197,81722],{"class":117},[44,96199,121],{"class":58},[44,96201,1137],{"class":206},[44,96203,100],{"class":58},[44,96205,96206],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96207,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96209,96210,96212,96214,96216],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96211,136],{"class":135},[44,96213,121],{"class":58},[44,96215,232],{"class":117},[44,96217,100],{"class":58},[20,96219,96220],{},[367,96221,247],{},[35,96223,96225],{"className":37,"code":96224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96226,96227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96228,96229,96231,96233,96235,96237,96239,96241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96230,8928],{"class":58},[44,96232,1133],{"class":206},[44,96234,72],{"class":58},[44,96236,488],{"class":206},[44,96238,72],{"class":58},[44,96240,524],{"class":206},[44,96242,8959],{"class":58},[20,96244,96245,96246,96248],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96247,1137],{}," was already present.",[30,96250,96252,10236,96254],{"id":96251},"add-vs-update",[15,96253,95820],{},[15,96255,14602],{},[20,96257,651,96258,96260,96261,114],{},[15,96259,95820],{}," when you want to add ",[367,96262,52293],{},[35,96264,96266],{"className":37,"code":96265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96267,96268,96292,96310,96314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96269,96270,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284,96286,96288,96290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96271,382],{"class":50},[44,96273,55],{"class":54},[44,96275,10141],{"class":58},[44,96277,63],{"class":62},[44,96279,270],{"class":66},[44,96281,63],{"class":62},[44,96283,72],{"class":58},[44,96285,75],{"class":62},[44,96287,399],{"class":66},[44,96289,63],{"class":62},[44,96291,8959],{"class":58},[44,96293,96294,96296,96298,96300,96302,96304,96306,96308],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96295,444],{"class":50},[44,96297,114],{"class":58},[44,96299,81722],{"class":117},[44,96301,121],{"class":58},[44,96303,63],{"class":62},[44,96305,408],{"class":66},[44,96307,63],{"class":62},[44,96309,100],{"class":58},[44,96311,96312],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96313,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96315,96316,96318,96320,96322],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96317,136],{"class":135},[44,96319,121],{"class":58},[44,96321,444],{"class":117},[44,96323,100],{"class":58},[20,96325,651,96326,96260,96328,96331],{},[15,96327,14602],{},[367,96329,96330],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[35,96333,96335],{"className":37,"code":96334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96336,96337,96361,96395,96399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96338,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96340,382],{"class":50},[44,96342,55],{"class":54},[44,96344,10141],{"class":58},[44,96346,63],{"class":62},[44,96348,270],{"class":66},[44,96350,63],{"class":62},[44,96352,72],{"class":58},[44,96354,75],{"class":62},[44,96356,399],{"class":66},[44,96358,63],{"class":62},[44,96360,8959],{"class":58},[44,96362,96363,96365,96367,96369,96371,96373,96375,96377,96379,96381,96383,96385,96387,96389,96391,96393],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96364,444],{"class":50},[44,96366,114],{"class":58},[44,96368,30104],{"class":117},[44,96370,2631],{"class":58},[44,96372,63],{"class":62},[44,96374,408],{"class":66},[44,96376,63],{"class":62},[44,96378,72],{"class":58},[44,96380,75],{"class":62},[44,96382,425],{"class":66},[44,96384,63],{"class":62},[44,96386,72],{"class":58},[44,96388,75],{"class":62},[44,96390,60080],{"class":66},[44,96392,63],{"class":62},[44,96394,3538],{"class":58},[44,96396,96397],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96398,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96400,96401,96403,96405,96407],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96402,136],{"class":135},[44,96404,121],{"class":58},[44,96406,444],{"class":117},[44,96408,100],{"class":58},[338,96410,96412],{"id":96411},"key-difference","Key difference",[169,96414,96415,96420],{},[172,96416,96417,96419],{},[15,96418,95820],{}," adds one item",[172,96421,96422,96424],{},[15,96423,14602],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96426,96427,96428,114],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[270,96429,96431,96432,1180],{"href":96430},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96433,14602],{},[30,96435,17063],{"id":17062},[20,96437,96438,2044,96440,114],{},[15,96439,95825],{},[15,96441,3428],{},[20,96443,96444,96445,96447],{},"That means you should ",[367,96446,881],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[338,96449,96451],{"id":96450},"correct","Correct",[35,96453,96455],{"className":37,"code":96454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96456,96457,96477,96491,96495],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96458,96459,96461,96463,96465,96467,96469,96471,96473,96475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96460,15276],{"class":50},[44,96462,55],{"class":54},[44,96464,10141],{"class":58},[44,96466,1133],{"class":206},[44,96468,72],{"class":58},[44,96470,488],{"class":206},[44,96472,72],{"class":58},[44,96474,524],{"class":206},[44,96476,8959],{"class":58},[44,96478,96479,96481,96483,96485,96487,96489],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96480,15314],{"class":50},[44,96482,114],{"class":58},[44,96484,81722],{"class":117},[44,96486,121],{"class":58},[44,96488,1145],{"class":206},[44,96490,100],{"class":58},[44,96492,96493],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96494,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96496,96497,96499,96501,96503],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96498,136],{"class":135},[44,96500,121],{"class":58},[44,96502,15314],{"class":117},[44,96504,100],{"class":58},[338,96506,96507],{"id":61400},"Wrong",[35,96509,96511],{"className":37,"code":96510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96512,96513,96533,96552,96556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96514,96515,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525,96527,96529,96531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96516,15276],{"class":50},[44,96518,55],{"class":54},[44,96520,10141],{"class":58},[44,96522,1133],{"class":206},[44,96524,72],{"class":58},[44,96526,488],{"class":206},[44,96528,72],{"class":58},[44,96530,524],{"class":206},[44,96532,8959],{"class":58},[44,96534,96535,96537,96539,96542,96544,96546,96548,96550],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96536,15276],{"class":50},[44,96538,55],{"class":54},[44,96540,96541],{"class":50}," my_set",[44,96543,114],{"class":58},[44,96545,81722],{"class":117},[44,96547,121],{"class":58},[44,96549,1145],{"class":206},[44,96551,100],{"class":58},[44,96553,96554],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96555,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96557,96558,96560,96562,96564],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96559,136],{"class":135},[44,96561,121],{"class":58},[44,96563,15314],{"class":117},[44,96565,100],{"class":58},[20,96567,96568],{},[367,96569,247],{},[35,96571,96572],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,96573,96574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96575,96576],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96577,11458],{"class":3502},[20,96579,96580],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[30,96582,96584],{"id":96583},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96586,96587],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[169,96589,96590,96592,96594,96596],{},[172,96591,56098],{},[172,96593,56101],{},[172,96595,96000],{},[172,96597,40232],{},[20,96599,189],{},[35,96601,96603],{"className":37,"code":96602,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96604,96605,96615,96619,96633,96651,96669,96683,96687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96606,96607,96609,96611,96613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96608,7429],{"class":50},[44,96610,55],{"class":54},[44,96612,15281],{"class":2546},[44,96614,8292],{"class":58},[44,96616,96617],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96618,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96620,96621,96623,96625,96627,96629,96631],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96622,7458],{"class":50},[44,96624,114],{"class":58},[44,96626,81722],{"class":117},[44,96628,121],{"class":58},[44,96630,207],{"class":206},[44,96632,100],{"class":58},[44,96634,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643,96645,96647,96649],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96636,7458],{"class":50},[44,96638,114],{"class":58},[44,96640,81722],{"class":117},[44,96642,121],{"class":58},[44,96644,63],{"class":62},[44,96646,3495],{"class":66},[44,96648,63],{"class":62},[44,96650,100],{"class":58},[44,96652,96653,96655,96657,96659,96661,96663,96665,96667],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,96654,7458],{"class":50},[44,96656,114],{"class":58},[44,96658,81722],{"class":117},[44,96660,5158],{"class":58},[44,96662,1133],{"class":206},[44,96664,72],{"class":58},[44,96666,488],{"class":206},[44,96668,244],{"class":58},[44,96670,96671,96673,96675,96677,96679,96681],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,96672,7458],{"class":50},[44,96674,114],{"class":58},[44,96676,81722],{"class":117},[44,96678,121],{"class":58},[44,96680,3254],{"class":3502},[44,96682,100],{"class":58},[44,96684,96685],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,96686,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,96688,96689,96691,96693,96695],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,96690,136],{"class":135},[44,96692,121],{"class":58},[44,96694,7458],{"class":117},[44,96696,100],{"class":58},[20,96698,96699],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[169,96701,96702,96705,96708],{},[172,96703,96704],{},"Lists",[172,96706,96707],{},"Dictionaries",[172,96709,96710],{},"Sets",[20,96712,96713],{},"Example that causes an error:",[35,96715,96717],{"className":37,"code":96716,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96718,96719,96739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96720,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731,96733,96735,96737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96722,7429],{"class":50},[44,96724,55],{"class":54},[44,96726,10141],{"class":58},[44,96728,1133],{"class":206},[44,96730,72],{"class":58},[44,96732,488],{"class":206},[44,96734,72],{"class":58},[44,96736,524],{"class":206},[44,96738,8959],{"class":58},[44,96740,96741,96743,96745,96747,96749,96751,96753,96755],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96742,7458],{"class":50},[44,96744,114],{"class":58},[44,96746,81722],{"class":117},[44,96748,2631],{"class":58},[44,96750,1145],{"class":206},[44,96752,72],{"class":58},[44,96754,939],{"class":206},[44,96756,3538],{"class":58},[20,96758,96759],{},[367,96760,29320],{},[35,96762,96764],{"className":37,"code":96763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96765,96766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96767,96768,96770,96772,96775,96777,96779,96781,96783],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96769,2650],{"class":2546},[44,96771,1155],{"class":58},[44,96773,96774],{"class":50}," unhashable ",[44,96776,2868],{"class":2546},[44,96778,1155],{"class":58},[44,96780,2943],{"class":62},[44,96782,7742],{"class":66},[44,96784,29339],{"class":62},[20,96786,96787],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96789,96790,96791,114],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96792,96793],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[30,96795,1299],{"id":1298},[20,96797,14382,96798,1155],{},[15,96799,95825],{},[169,96801,96802,96807,96812,96815,96822],{},[172,96803,895,96804,96806],{},[15,96805,95820],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[172,96808,1312,96809,96811],{},[15,96810,95820],{}," to return the updated set",[172,96813,96814],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[172,96816,1330,96817,96819,96820],{},[15,96818,95825],{}," with list ",[15,96821,52289],{},[172,96823,96824],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96826,71123],{},[35,96828,96830],{"className":37,"code":96829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96831,96832,96842,96856,96866,96880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,96833,96834,96836,96838,96840],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,96835,136],{"class":135},[44,96837,121],{"class":58},[44,96839,15314],{"class":117},[44,96841,100],{"class":58},[44,96843,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,96845,136],{"class":135},[44,96847,121],{"class":58},[44,96849,2868],{"class":2546},[44,96851,121],{"class":58},[44,96853,15314],{"class":117},[44,96855,244],{"class":58},[44,96857,96858,96860,96862,96864],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,96859,136],{"class":135},[44,96861,121],{"class":58},[44,96863,302],{"class":117},[44,96865,100],{"class":58},[44,96867,96868,96870,96872,96874,96876,96878],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,96869,136],{"class":135},[44,96871,121],{"class":58},[44,96873,2868],{"class":2546},[44,96875,121],{"class":58},[44,96877,302],{"class":117},[44,96879,244],{"class":58},[44,96881,96882,96884,96886,96888,96890,96892],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,96883,31793],{"class":135},[44,96885,121],{"class":58},[44,96887,5935],{"class":2546},[44,96889,114],{"class":58},[44,96891,81722],{"class":24390},[44,96893,100],{"class":58},[20,96895,96896,96897,96899,96900,114],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96898,95825],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[270,96901,52685],{"href":96902},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[30,96904,1497],{"id":1496},[338,96906,12355,96908,96910],{"id":96907},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96909,95825],{}," return a new set?",[20,96912,96913,96914,114],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96915,3428],{},[338,96917,96919],{"id":96918},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96921,96922],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[338,96924,96926],{"id":96925},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96928,651,96929,10742,96932,114],{},[15,96930,96931],{},"set.update()",[15,96933,95820],{},[338,96935,96937],{"id":96936},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96939,96940,96941,114],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96942,2650],{},[30,96944,1554],{"id":1553},[169,96946,96947,96951,96956],{},[172,96948,96949],{},[270,96950,95945],{"href":95944},[172,96952,96953],{},[270,96954,96955],{"href":95948},"How to create a set in Python",[172,96957,96958],{},[270,96959,96431,96960,1180],{"href":96430},[15,96961,14602],{},[20,96963,96964,96965,96967],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96966,95820],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1583,96969,96970],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":96972},[96973,96974,96976,96977,96978,96979,96983,96987,96988,96989,96996],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":95917,"depth":103,"text":96975},"What set.add() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":96160,"depth":103,"text":96161},{"id":96251,"depth":103,"text":96980,"children":96981},"add() vs update()",[96982],{"id":96411,"depth":132,"text":96412},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063,"children":96984},[96985,96986],{"id":96450,"depth":132,"text":96451},{"id":61400,"depth":132,"text":96507},{"id":96583,"depth":103,"text":96584},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":96990},[96991,96993,96994,96995],{"id":96907,"depth":132,"text":96992},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96918,"depth":132,"text":96919},{"id":96925,"depth":132,"text":96926},{"id":96936,"depth":132,"text":96937},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95811,"description":96997},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97004,"title":97005,"body":97006,"description":98175,"extension":1616,"meta":98176,"navigation":434,"path":98177,"seo":98178,"stem":98179,"__hash__":98180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97007,"toc":98142},[97008,97013,97019,97026,97071,97073,97084,97089,97094,97098,97112,97117,97119,97121,97136,97138,97152,97154,97156,97221,97223,97233,97235,97253,97259,97266,97271,97345,97347,97364,97370,97375,97446,97448,97475,97492,97495,97501,97503,97510,97514,97581,97583,97598,97601,97654,97656,97664,97676,97678,97682,97687,97689,97738,97740,97748,97750,97795,97797,97807,97813,97821,97834,97840,97842,97871,97873,97891,97895,97898,97929,97931,97949,97953,98028,98030,98046,98053,98055,98060,98065,98071,98074,98078,98086,98093,98101,98103,98139],[10,97009,95817,97011,18],{"id":97010},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97012,10971],{},[20,97014,97015,97018],{},[15,97016,97017],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97020,97021,97022,97025],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[367,97023,97024],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[35,97027,97029],{"className":37,"code":97028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97030,97031,97051,97061],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97032,97033,97035,97037,97039,97041,97043,97045,97047,97049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97034,199],{"class":50},[44,97036,55],{"class":54},[44,97038,10141],{"class":58},[44,97040,1133],{"class":206},[44,97042,72],{"class":58},[44,97044,488],{"class":206},[44,97046,72],{"class":58},[44,97048,524],{"class":206},[44,97050,8959],{"class":58},[44,97052,97053,97055,97057,97059],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97054,232],{"class":50},[44,97056,114],{"class":58},[44,97058,11032],{"class":117},[44,97060,8292],{"class":58},[44,97062,97063,97065,97067,97069],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97064,136],{"class":135},[44,97066,121],{"class":58},[44,97068,232],{"class":117},[44,97070,100],{"class":58},[20,97072,247],{},[35,97074,97076],{"className":37,"code":97075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n",[15,97077,97078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97079,97080,97082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97081,5935],{"class":2546},[44,97083,8292],{"class":58},[20,97085,97086,97088],{},[15,97087,10971],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[30,97090,158,97092,161],{"id":97091},"what-setclear-does",[15,97093,97017],{},[20,97095,164,97096,167],{},[15,97097,10971],{},[169,97099,97100,97103,97105,97109],{},[172,97101,97102],{},"Removes every item from a set",[172,97104,95932],{},[172,97106,11072,97107],{},[15,97108,3428],{},[172,97110,97111],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97113,95941,97114,71222],{},[270,97115,95945],{"href":97116},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[30,97118,277],{"id":276},[20,97120,54083],{},[35,97122,97124],{"className":37,"code":97123,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97125,97126],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97127,97128,97130,97132,97134],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97129,15314],{"class":50},[44,97131,114],{"class":58},[44,97133,11032],{"class":117},[44,97135,8292],{"class":58},[20,97137,12703],{},[169,97139,97140,97143,97146,97149],{},[172,97141,97142],{},"It takes no arguments",[172,97144,97145],{},"It empties the set",[172,97147,97148],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[172,97150,97151],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[30,97153,11124],{"id":11123},[20,97155,11127],{},[35,97157,97159],{"className":37,"code":97158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97160,97161,97193,97197,97207,97211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97162,97163,97165,97167,97169,97171,97173,97175,97177,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97164,51],{"class":50},[44,97166,55],{"class":54},[44,97168,10141],{"class":58},[44,97170,63],{"class":62},[44,97172,67],{"class":66},[44,97174,63],{"class":62},[44,97176,72],{"class":58},[44,97178,75],{"class":62},[44,97180,87],{"class":66},[44,97182,63],{"class":62},[44,97184,72],{"class":58},[44,97186,75],{"class":62},[44,97188,78],{"class":66},[44,97190,63],{"class":62},[44,97192,8959],{"class":58},[44,97194,97195],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97196,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97198,97199,97201,97203,97205],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97200,734],{"class":50},[44,97202,114],{"class":58},[44,97204,11032],{"class":117},[44,97206,8292],{"class":58},[44,97208,97209],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,97210,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97212,97213,97215,97217,97219],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,97214,136],{"class":135},[44,97216,121],{"class":58},[44,97218,734],{"class":117},[44,97220,100],{"class":58},[20,97222,247],{},[35,97224,97225],{"className":37,"code":97075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97226,97227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97228,97229,97231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97230,5935],{"class":2546},[44,97232,8292],{"class":58},[20,97234,11333],{},[169,97236,97237,97242,97247],{},[172,97238,97239,97241],{},[15,97240,734],{}," starts with three values",[172,97243,97244,11346],{},[15,97245,97246],{},"colors.clear()",[172,97248,97249,97250,97252],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97251,3447],{},", which means an empty set",[30,97254,97256,97258],{"id":97255},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97257,10971],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97260,97261,898,97263,97265],{},[15,97262,10971],{},[15,97264,3447],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[338,97267,895,97269],{"id":97268},"using-clear",[15,97270,10971],{},[35,97272,97274],{"className":37,"code":97273,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97275,97276,97296,97306,97310,97320,97324,97334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97277,97278,97280,97282,97284,97286,97288,97290,97292,97294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97279,7429],{"class":50},[44,97281,55],{"class":54},[44,97283,10141],{"class":58},[44,97285,1133],{"class":206},[44,97287,72],{"class":58},[44,97289,488],{"class":206},[44,97291,72],{"class":58},[44,97293,524],{"class":206},[44,97295,8959],{"class":58},[44,97297,97298,97301,97303],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97299,97300],{"class":50},"other_name ",[44,97302,55],{"class":54},[44,97304,97305],{"class":50}," items\n",[44,97307,97308],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97309,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97311,97312,97314,97316,97318],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,97313,7458],{"class":50},[44,97315,114],{"class":58},[44,97317,11032],{"class":117},[44,97319,8292],{"class":58},[44,97321,97322],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,97323,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97325,97326,97328,97330,97332],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,97327,136],{"class":135},[44,97329,121],{"class":58},[44,97331,7458],{"class":117},[44,97333,100],{"class":58},[44,97335,97336,97338,97340,97343],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,97337,136],{"class":135},[44,97339,121],{"class":58},[44,97341,97342],{"class":117},"other_name",[44,97344,100],{"class":58},[20,97346,247],{},[35,97348,97350],{"className":37,"code":97349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97351,97352,97358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97353,97354,97356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97355,5935],{"class":2546},[44,97357,8292],{"class":58},[44,97359,97360,97362],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97361,5935],{"class":2546},[44,97363,8292],{"class":58},[20,97365,97366,97367,114],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[367,97368,97369],{},"same set object",[338,97371,895,97373],{"id":97372},"using-set",[15,97374,3447],{},[35,97376,97378],{"className":37,"code":97377,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97379,97380,97400,97408,97412,97422,97426,97436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97381,97382,97384,97386,97388,97390,97392,97394,97396,97398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97383,7429],{"class":50},[44,97385,55],{"class":54},[44,97387,10141],{"class":58},[44,97389,1133],{"class":206},[44,97391,72],{"class":58},[44,97393,488],{"class":206},[44,97395,72],{"class":58},[44,97397,524],{"class":206},[44,97399,8959],{"class":58},[44,97401,97402,97404,97406],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97403,97300],{"class":50},[44,97405,55],{"class":54},[44,97407,97305],{"class":50},[44,97409,97410],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97411,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97413,97414,97416,97418,97420],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,97415,7429],{"class":50},[44,97417,55],{"class":54},[44,97419,15281],{"class":2546},[44,97421,8292],{"class":58},[44,97423,97424],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,97425,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97427,97428,97430,97432,97434],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,97429,136],{"class":135},[44,97431,121],{"class":58},[44,97433,7458],{"class":117},[44,97435,100],{"class":58},[44,97437,97438,97440,97442,97444],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,97439,136],{"class":135},[44,97441,121],{"class":58},[44,97443,97342],{"class":117},[44,97445,100],{"class":58},[20,97447,247],{},[35,97449,97451],{"className":37,"code":97450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97452,97453,97459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97454,97455,97457],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97456,5935],{"class":2546},[44,97458,8292],{"class":58},[44,97460,97461,97463,97465,97467,97469,97471,97473],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97462,8928],{"class":58},[44,97464,1133],{"class":206},[44,97466,72],{"class":58},[44,97468,488],{"class":206},[44,97470,72],{"class":58},[44,97472,524],{"class":206},[44,97474,8959],{"class":58},[20,97476,20413,97477,92710,97480,97483,97484,114,97486,97488,97489,97491],{},[15,97478,97479],{},"items = set()",[367,97481,97482],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97485,7458],{},[9496,97487],{},"\nBut ",[15,97490,97342],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97493,97494],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97496,97497,97498,114],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[270,97499,95949],{"href":97500},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[30,97502,17063],{"id":17062},[20,97504,97505,13702,97507,97509],{},[15,97506,10971],{},[367,97508,881],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97511,4796,97512,114],{},[15,97513,3428],{},[35,97515,97517],{"className":37,"code":97516,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97518,97519,97539,97543,97557,97561,97571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97520,97521,97523,97525,97527,97529,97531,97533,97535,97537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97522,199],{"class":50},[44,97524,55],{"class":54},[44,97526,10141],{"class":58},[44,97528,1133],{"class":206},[44,97530,72],{"class":58},[44,97532,488],{"class":206},[44,97534,72],{"class":58},[44,97536,524],{"class":206},[44,97538,8959],{"class":58},[44,97540,97541],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97542,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97544,97545,97547,97549,97551,97553,97555],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97546,604],{"class":50},[44,97548,55],{"class":54},[44,97550,3912],{"class":50},[44,97552,114],{"class":58},[44,97554,11032],{"class":117},[44,97556,8292],{"class":58},[44,97558,97559],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,97560,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97562,97563,97565,97567,97569],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,97564,136],{"class":135},[44,97566,121],{"class":58},[44,97568,632],{"class":117},[44,97570,100],{"class":58},[44,97572,97573,97575,97577,97579],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,97574,136],{"class":135},[44,97576,121],{"class":58},[44,97578,232],{"class":117},[44,97580,100],{"class":58},[20,97582,247],{},[35,97584,97586],{"className":37,"code":97585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"None\nset()\n",[15,97587,97588,97592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97589,97590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97591,11458],{"class":3502},[44,97593,97594,97596],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97595,5935],{"class":2546},[44,97597,8292],{"class":58},[20,97599,97600],{},"Do not do this:",[35,97602,97604],{"className":37,"code":97603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97605,97606,97626,97640,97644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97607,97608,97610,97612,97614,97616,97618,97620,97622,97624],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97609,199],{"class":50},[44,97611,55],{"class":54},[44,97613,10141],{"class":58},[44,97615,1133],{"class":206},[44,97617,72],{"class":58},[44,97619,488],{"class":206},[44,97621,72],{"class":58},[44,97623,524],{"class":206},[44,97625,8959],{"class":58},[44,97627,97628,97630,97632,97634,97636,97638],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97629,199],{"class":50},[44,97631,55],{"class":54},[44,97633,3912],{"class":50},[44,97635,114],{"class":58},[44,97637,11032],{"class":117},[44,97639,8292],{"class":58},[44,97641,97642],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97643,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97645,97646,97648,97650,97652],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,97647,136],{"class":135},[44,97649,121],{"class":58},[44,97651,232],{"class":117},[44,97653,100],{"class":58},[20,97655,247],{},[35,97657,97658],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97659,97660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97661,97662],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97663,11458],{"class":3502},[20,97665,21829,97666,2044,97668,97670,97671,97673,97674,114],{},[15,97667,54196],{},[15,97669,3428],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97672,3428],{}," back to ",[15,97675,232],{},[30,97677,4168],{"id":4167},[20,97679,10397,97680,114],{},[15,97681,97017],{},[338,97683,12245,97685],{"id":97684},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97686,10971],{},[20,97688,16291],{},[35,97690,97692],{"className":37,"code":97691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97693,97694,97714,97728],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97695,97696,97698,97700,97702,97704,97706,97708,97710,97712],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97697,15276],{"class":50},[44,97699,55],{"class":54},[44,97701,10141],{"class":58},[44,97703,1133],{"class":206},[44,97705,72],{"class":58},[44,97707,488],{"class":206},[44,97709,72],{"class":58},[44,97711,524],{"class":206},[44,97713,8959],{"class":58},[44,97715,97716,97718,97720,97722,97724,97726],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97717,15276],{"class":50},[44,97719,55],{"class":54},[44,97721,96541],{"class":50},[44,97723,114],{"class":58},[44,97725,11032],{"class":117},[44,97727,8292],{"class":58},[44,97729,97730,97732,97734,97736],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97731,136],{"class":135},[44,97733,121],{"class":58},[44,97735,15314],{"class":117},[44,97737,100],{"class":58},[20,97739,247],{},[35,97741,97742],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97743,97744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97745,97746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97747,11458],{"class":3502},[20,97749,16303],{},[35,97751,97753],{"className":37,"code":97752,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97754,97755,97775,97785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97756,97757,97759,97761,97763,97765,97767,97769,97771,97773],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97758,15276],{"class":50},[44,97760,55],{"class":54},[44,97762,10141],{"class":58},[44,97764,1133],{"class":206},[44,97766,72],{"class":58},[44,97768,488],{"class":206},[44,97770,72],{"class":58},[44,97772,524],{"class":206},[44,97774,8959],{"class":58},[44,97776,97777,97779,97781,97783],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97778,15314],{"class":50},[44,97780,114],{"class":58},[44,97782,11032],{"class":117},[44,97784,8292],{"class":58},[44,97786,97787,97789,97791,97793],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97788,136],{"class":135},[44,97790,121],{"class":58},[44,97792,15314],{"class":117},[44,97794,100],{"class":58},[20,97796,247],{},[35,97798,97799],{"className":37,"code":97075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97800,97801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97802,97803,97805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97804,5935],{"class":2546},[44,97806,8292],{"class":58},[338,97808,1312,97810,97812],{"id":97809},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97811,10971],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97814,97815,97817,97818,97820],{},[15,97816,10971],{}," removes ",[367,97819,3365],{}," items from the set.",[20,97822,97823,97824,2522,97829,114],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[270,97825,97827],{"href":97826},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97828,55165],{},[270,97830,97832],{"href":97831},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97833,12413],{},[338,97835,895,97837,97839],{"id":97836},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97838,3442],{}," for an empty set",[20,97841,25330],{},[35,97843,97845],{"className":37,"code":97844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97846,97847,97856],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97848,97849,97852,97854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97850,97851],{"class":50},"empty_value ",[44,97853,55],{"class":54},[44,97855,9488],{"class":58},[44,97857,97858,97860,97862,97864,97866,97869],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97859,136],{"class":135},[44,97861,121],{"class":58},[44,97863,2868],{"class":2546},[44,97865,121],{"class":58},[44,97867,97868],{"class":117},"empty_value",[44,97870,244],{"class":58},[20,97872,247],{},[35,97874,97875],{"className":37,"code":8458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97876,97877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97878,97879,97881,97883,97885,97887,97889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97880,2937],{"class":54},[44,97882,2940],{"class":1716},[44,97884,2943],{"class":62},[44,97886,8471],{"class":66},[44,97888,2948],{"class":62},[44,97890,2951],{"class":54},[20,97892,97893,8438],{},[15,97894,3442],{},[20,97896,97897],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[35,97899,97901],{"className":37,"code":97900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97902,97903,97914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97904,97905,97908,97910,97912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97906,97907],{"class":50},"empty_set ",[44,97909,55],{"class":54},[44,97911,15281],{"class":2546},[44,97913,8292],{"class":58},[44,97915,97916,97918,97920,97922,97924,97927],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97917,136],{"class":135},[44,97919,121],{"class":58},[44,97921,2868],{"class":2546},[44,97923,121],{"class":58},[44,97925,97926],{"class":117},"empty_set",[44,97928,244],{"class":58},[20,97930,247],{},[35,97932,97933],{"className":37,"code":8502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,97934,97935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97936,97937,97939,97941,97943,97945,97947],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97938,2937],{"class":54},[44,97940,2940],{"class":1716},[44,97942,2943],{"class":62},[44,97944,5935],{"class":66},[44,97946,2948],{"class":62},[44,97948,2951],{"class":54},[338,97950,97952],{"id":97951},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[35,97954,97956],{"className":37,"code":97955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97957,97958,97982,97990,97994,98004,98008,98018],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,97959,97960,97962,97964,97966,97968,97970,97972,97974,97976,97978,97980],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,97961,2198],{"class":50},[44,97963,55],{"class":54},[44,97965,10141],{"class":58},[44,97967,63],{"class":62},[44,97969,1823],{"class":66},[44,97971,63],{"class":62},[44,97973,72],{"class":58},[44,97975,75],{"class":62},[44,97977,11395],{"class":66},[44,97979,63],{"class":62},[44,97981,8959],{"class":58},[44,97983,97984,97986,97988],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,97985,2226],{"class":50},[44,97987,55],{"class":54},[44,97989,35814],{"class":50},[44,97991,97992],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,97993,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,97995,97996,97998,98000,98002],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,97997,270],{"class":50},[44,97999,114],{"class":58},[44,98001,11032],{"class":117},[44,98003,8292],{"class":58},[44,98005,98006],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,98007,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,98009,98010,98012,98014,98016],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,98011,136],{"class":135},[44,98013,121],{"class":58},[44,98015,270],{"class":117},[44,98017,100],{"class":58},[44,98019,98020,98022,98024,98026],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,98021,136],{"class":135},[44,98023,121],{"class":58},[44,98025,399],{"class":117},[44,98027,100],{"class":58},[20,98029,247],{},[35,98031,98032],{"className":37,"code":97349,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98033,98034,98040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98035,98036,98038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98037,5935],{"class":2546},[44,98039,8292],{"class":58},[44,98041,98042,98044],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98043,5935],{"class":2546},[44,98045,8292],{"class":58},[20,98047,28700,98048,898,98050,98052],{},[15,98049,270],{},[15,98051,399],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[30,98054,1497],{"id":1496},[338,98056,1501,98058,4793],{"id":98057},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98059,97017],{},[20,98061,4796,98062,98064],{},[15,98063,3428],{},". It empties the set in place.",[338,98066,12355,98068,98070],{"id":98067},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98069,10971],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98072,98073],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[338,98075,98077],{"id":98076},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98079,98080,98081,98083,98084,114],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98082,10971],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98085,3447],{},[338,98087,4828,98089,898,98091,1547],{"id":98088},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98090,10971],{},[15,98092,3447],{},[20,98094,98095,98097,98098,98100],{},[15,98096,10971],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98099,3447],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[30,98102,1554],{"id":1553},[169,98104,98105,98109,98113,98120,98126,98132],{},[172,98106,98107],{},[270,98108,95945],{"href":97116},[172,98110,98111],{},[270,98112,96955],{"href":97500},[172,98114,98115],{},[270,98116,96431,98118,1180],{"href":98117},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98119,95820],{},[172,98121,98122],{},[270,98123,96431,98124,1180],{"href":97826},[15,98125,55165],{},[172,98127,98128],{},[270,98129,96431,98130,1180],{"href":97831},[15,98131,12413],{},[172,98133,98134],{},[270,98135,96431,98137,1180],{"href":98136},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98138,14602],{},[1583,98140,98141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":98143},[98144,98146,98147,98148,98155,98156,98165,98174],{"id":97091,"depth":103,"text":98145},"What set.clear() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":97255,"depth":103,"text":98149,"children":98150},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98151,98153],{"id":97268,"depth":132,"text":98152},"Using clear()",{"id":97372,"depth":132,"text":98154},"Using set()",{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":98157},[98158,98160,98162,98164],{"id":97684,"depth":132,"text":98159},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97809,"depth":132,"text":98161},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97836,"depth":132,"text":98163},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97951,"depth":132,"text":97952},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":98166},[98167,98169,98171,98172],{"id":98057,"depth":132,"text":98168},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98067,"depth":132,"text":98170},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98076,"depth":132,"text":98077},{"id":98088,"depth":132,"text":98173},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97005,"description":98175},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98182,"title":98183,"body":98184,"description":100016,"extension":1616,"meta":100017,"navigation":434,"path":95948,"seo":100018,"stem":100019,"__hash__":100020},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98185,"toc":99973},[98186,98189,98192,98195,98197,98300,98304,98351,98357,98359,98378,98382,98385,98387,98401,98410,98414,98417,98452,98456,98476,98479,98483,98486,98547,98551,98576,98583,98589,98594,98596,98608,98612,98661,98665,98689,98696,98700,98741,98745,98766,98770,98803,98807,98848,98851,98855,98860,98899,98903,98928,98933,98939,98976,98980,99003,99007,99009,99012,99015,99092,99096,99133,99136,99140,99146,99149,99159,99208,99214,99220,99247,99250,99272,99274,99305,99308,99312,99316,99355,99359,99422,99425,99458,99462,99487,99489,99492,99498,99501,99528,99531,99549,99553,99557,99560,99603,99606,99610,99613,99616,99646,99649,99653,99656,99671,99676,99680,99683,99772,99774,99777,99867,99870,99888,99890,99894,99904,99908,99916,99920,99923,99927,99930,99934,99937,99939,99967,99970],[10,98187,98183],{"id":98188},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98190,98191],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98193,98194],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[30,98196,3259],{"id":3258},[35,98198,98200],{"className":37,"code":98199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98201,98202,98222,98256,98266,98270,98280,98290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98203,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212,98214,98216,98218,98220],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98205,199],{"class":50},[44,98207,55],{"class":54},[44,98209,10141],{"class":58},[44,98211,1133],{"class":206},[44,98213,72],{"class":58},[44,98215,488],{"class":206},[44,98217,72],{"class":58},[44,98219,524],{"class":206},[44,98221,8959],{"class":58},[44,98223,98224,98226,98228,98230,98232,98234,98236,98238,98240,98242,98244,98246,98248,98250,98252,98254],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98225,3720],{"class":50},[44,98227,55],{"class":54},[44,98229,15281],{"class":2546},[44,98231,2631],{"class":58},[44,98233,63],{"class":62},[44,98235,1209],{"class":66},[44,98237,63],{"class":62},[44,98239,72],{"class":58},[44,98241,75],{"class":62},[44,98243,1218],{"class":66},[44,98245,63],{"class":62},[44,98247,72],{"class":58},[44,98249,75],{"class":62},[44,98251,1209],{"class":66},[44,98253,63],{"class":62},[44,98255,3538],{"class":58},[44,98257,98258,98260,98262,98264],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98259,97907],{"class":50},[44,98261,55],{"class":54},[44,98263,15281],{"class":2546},[44,98265,8292],{"class":58},[44,98267,98268],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,98269,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,98271,98272,98274,98276,98278],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,98273,136],{"class":135},[44,98275,121],{"class":58},[44,98277,232],{"class":117},[44,98279,100],{"class":58},[44,98281,98282,98284,98286,98288],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,98283,136],{"class":135},[44,98285,121],{"class":58},[44,98287,3762],{"class":117},[44,98289,100],{"class":58},[44,98291,98292,98294,98296,98298],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,98293,136],{"class":135},[44,98295,121],{"class":58},[44,98297,97926],{"class":117},[44,98299,100],{"class":58},[20,98301,98302],{},[367,98303,247],{},[35,98305,98307],{"className":37,"code":98306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98308,98309,98325,98345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98310,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319,98321,98323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98312,8928],{"class":58},[44,98314,1133],{"class":206},[44,98316,72],{"class":58},[44,98318,488],{"class":206},[44,98320,72],{"class":58},[44,98322,524],{"class":206},[44,98324,8959],{"class":58},[44,98326,98327,98329,98331,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98328,8928],{"class":58},[44,98330,2948],{"class":62},[44,98332,1218],{"class":66},[44,98334,2948],{"class":62},[44,98336,72],{"class":58},[44,98338,2943],{"class":62},[44,98340,1209],{"class":66},[44,98342,2948],{"class":62},[44,98344,8959],{"class":58},[44,98346,98347,98349],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98348,5935],{"class":2546},[44,98350,8292],{"class":58},[20,98352,98353,98354,98356],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98355,3447],{}," for an empty set.",[30,98358,14811],{"id":14810},[169,98360,98361,98364,98369,98372,98375],{},[172,98362,98363],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[172,98365,98366,98367],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98368,3447],{},[172,98370,98371],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[172,98373,98374],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[172,98376,98377],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[30,98379,98381],{"id":98380},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98383,98384],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98386,30180],{},[169,98388,98389,98392,98395,98398],{},[172,98390,98391],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[172,98393,98394],{},"Sets are unordered",[172,98396,98397],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[172,98399,98400],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98402,98403,98404,2522,98406,114],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[270,98405,95945],{"href":97116},[270,98407,98409],{"href":98408},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[30,98411,98413],{"id":98412},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98415,98416],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[35,98418,98420],{"className":37,"code":98419,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98421,98422,98442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98423,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434,98436,98438,98440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98425,199],{"class":50},[44,98427,55],{"class":54},[44,98429,10141],{"class":58},[44,98431,1133],{"class":206},[44,98433,72],{"class":58},[44,98435,488],{"class":206},[44,98437,72],{"class":58},[44,98439,524],{"class":206},[44,98441,8959],{"class":58},[44,98443,98444,98446,98448,98450],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98445,136],{"class":135},[44,98447,121],{"class":58},[44,98449,232],{"class":117},[44,98451,100],{"class":58},[20,98453,98454],{},[367,98455,29669],{},[35,98457,98458],{"className":37,"code":96224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98459,98460],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98461,98462,98464,98466,98468,98470,98472,98474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98463,8928],{"class":58},[44,98465,1133],{"class":206},[44,98467,72],{"class":58},[44,98469,488],{"class":206},[44,98471,72],{"class":58},[44,98473,524],{"class":206},[44,98475,8959],{"class":58},[20,98477,98478],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[338,98480,98482],{"id":98481},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98484,98485],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[35,98487,98489],{"className":37,"code":98488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98490,98491,98523,98533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98492,98493,98495,98497,98499,98501,98503,98505,98507,98509,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98494,199],{"class":50},[44,98496,55],{"class":54},[44,98498,10141],{"class":58},[44,98500,1133],{"class":206},[44,98502,72],{"class":58},[44,98504,488],{"class":206},[44,98506,72],{"class":58},[44,98508,488],{"class":206},[44,98510,72],{"class":58},[44,98512,524],{"class":206},[44,98514,72],{"class":58},[44,98516,524],{"class":206},[44,98518,72],{"class":58},[44,98520,524],{"class":206},[44,98522,8959],{"class":58},[44,98524,98525,98527,98529,98531],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98526,136],{"class":135},[44,98528,121],{"class":58},[44,98530,232],{"class":117},[44,98532,100],{"class":58},[44,98534,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98536,136],{"class":135},[44,98538,121],{"class":58},[44,98540,1365],{"class":135},[44,98542,121],{"class":58},[44,98544,232],{"class":117},[44,98546,244],{"class":58},[20,98548,98549],{},[367,98550,29669],{},[35,98552,98554],{"className":37,"code":98553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98555,98556,98572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98557,98558,98560,98562,98564,98566,98568,98570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98559,8928],{"class":58},[44,98561,1133],{"class":206},[44,98563,72],{"class":58},[44,98565,488],{"class":206},[44,98567,72],{"class":58},[44,98569,524],{"class":206},[44,98571,8959],{"class":58},[44,98573,98574],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98575,46255],{"class":206},[20,98577,259,98578,898,98580,98582],{},[15,98579,1137],{},[15,98581,1141],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[30,98584,98586,98587],{"id":98585},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98588,3447],{},[20,98590,651,98591,98593],{},[15,98592,3447],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98595,5105],{},[169,98597,98598,98600,98602,98604],{},[172,98599,96704],{},[172,98601,96000],{},[172,98603,56101],{},[172,98605,98606],{},[15,98607,35837],{},[338,98609,98611],{"id":98610},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[35,98613,98615],{"className":37,"code":98614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98616,98617,98651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98618,98619,98621,98623,98625,98627,98629,98631,98633,98635,98637,98639,98641,98643,98645,98647,98649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98620,199],{"class":50},[44,98622,55],{"class":54},[44,98624,15281],{"class":2546},[44,98626,2631],{"class":58},[44,98628,1133],{"class":206},[44,98630,72],{"class":58},[44,98632,488],{"class":206},[44,98634,72],{"class":58},[44,98636,488],{"class":206},[44,98638,72],{"class":58},[44,98640,524],{"class":206},[44,98642,72],{"class":58},[44,98644,524],{"class":206},[44,98646,72],{"class":58},[44,98648,1114],{"class":206},[44,98650,3538],{"class":58},[44,98652,98653,98655,98657,98659],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98654,136],{"class":135},[44,98656,121],{"class":58},[44,98658,232],{"class":117},[44,98660,100],{"class":58},[20,98662,98663],{},[367,98664,29669],{},[35,98666,98667],{"className":37,"code":95887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,98668,98669],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98670,98671,98673,98675,98677,98679,98681,98683,98685,98687],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98672,8928],{"class":58},[44,98674,1133],{"class":206},[44,98676,72],{"class":58},[44,98678,488],{"class":206},[44,98680,72],{"class":58},[44,98682,524],{"class":206},[44,98684,72],{"class":58},[44,98686,1114],{"class":206},[44,98688,8959],{"class":58},[20,98690,98691,98692,114],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[270,98693,98695],{"href":98694},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[338,98697,98699],{"id":98698},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[35,98701,98703],{"className":37,"code":98702,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98704,98705,98731],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98706,98707,98709,98711,98713,98715,98717,98719,98721,98723,98725,98727,98729],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98708,922],{"class":50},[44,98710,55],{"class":54},[44,98712,15281],{"class":2546},[44,98714,5158],{"class":58},[44,98716,207],{"class":206},[44,98718,72],{"class":58},[44,98720,212],{"class":206},[44,98722,72],{"class":58},[44,98724,212],{"class":206},[44,98726,72],{"class":58},[44,98728,217],{"class":206},[44,98730,244],{"class":58},[44,98732,98733,98735,98737,98739],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98734,136],{"class":135},[44,98736,121],{"class":58},[44,98738,962],{"class":117},[44,98740,100],{"class":58},[20,98742,98743],{},[367,98744,29669],{},[35,98746,98748],{"className":37,"code":98747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98749,98750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98751,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98753,8928],{"class":58},[44,98755,207],{"class":206},[44,98757,72],{"class":58},[44,98759,212],{"class":206},[44,98761,72],{"class":58},[44,98763,217],{"class":206},[44,98765,8959],{"class":58},[338,98767,98769],{"id":98768},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[35,98771,98773],{"className":37,"code":98772,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98774,98775,98793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98776,98777,98779,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98778,382],{"class":50},[44,98780,55],{"class":54},[44,98782,15281],{"class":2546},[44,98784,121],{"class":58},[44,98786,63],{"class":62},[44,98788,3495],{"class":66},[44,98790,63],{"class":62},[44,98792,100],{"class":58},[44,98794,98795,98797,98799,98801],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98796,136],{"class":135},[44,98798,121],{"class":58},[44,98800,444],{"class":117},[44,98802,100],{"class":58},[20,98804,98805],{},[367,98806,29669],{},[35,98808,98810],{"className":37,"code":98809,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98811,98812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98813,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822,98824,98826,98828,98830,98832,98834,98836,98838,98840,98842,98844,98846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98815,8928],{"class":58},[44,98817,2948],{"class":62},[44,98819,60071],{"class":66},[44,98821,2948],{"class":62},[44,98823,72],{"class":58},[44,98825,2943],{"class":62},[44,98827,60080],{"class":66},[44,98829,2948],{"class":62},[44,98831,72],{"class":58},[44,98833,2943],{"class":62},[44,98835,60089],{"class":66},[44,98837,2948],{"class":62},[44,98839,72],{"class":58},[44,98841,2943],{"class":62},[44,98843,60106],{"class":66},[44,98845,2948],{"class":62},[44,98847,8959],{"class":58},[20,98849,98850],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[30,98852,98854],{"id":98853},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98856,98857,98858,114],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98859,3447],{},[35,98861,98863],{"className":37,"code":98862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98864,98865,98875,98885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98866,98867,98869,98871,98873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98868,97907],{"class":50},[44,98870,55],{"class":54},[44,98872,15281],{"class":2546},[44,98874,8292],{"class":58},[44,98876,98877,98879,98881,98883],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98878,136],{"class":135},[44,98880,121],{"class":58},[44,98882,97926],{"class":117},[44,98884,100],{"class":58},[44,98886,98887,98889,98891,98893,98895,98897],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98888,136],{"class":135},[44,98890,121],{"class":58},[44,98892,2868],{"class":2546},[44,98894,121],{"class":58},[44,98896,97926],{"class":117},[44,98898,244],{"class":58},[20,98900,98901],{},[367,98902,247],{},[35,98904,98906],{"className":37,"code":98905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98907,98908,98914],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98909,98910,98912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98911,5935],{"class":2546},[44,98913,8292],{"class":58},[44,98915,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98917,2937],{"class":54},[44,98919,2940],{"class":1716},[44,98921,2943],{"class":62},[44,98923,5935],{"class":66},[44,98925,2948],{"class":62},[44,98927,2951],{"class":54},[338,98929,44066,98931],{"id":98930},"do-not-use",[15,98932,3442],{},[20,98934,98935,98936,98938],{},"Empty braces do ",[367,98937,881],{}," create a set.",[35,98940,98942],{"className":37,"code":98941,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98943,98944,98952,98962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98945,98946,98948,98950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98947,97851],{"class":50},[44,98949,55],{"class":54},[44,98951,9488],{"class":58},[44,98953,98954,98956,98958,98960],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98955,136],{"class":135},[44,98957,121],{"class":58},[44,98959,97868],{"class":117},[44,98961,100],{"class":58},[44,98963,98964,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,98965,136],{"class":135},[44,98967,121],{"class":58},[44,98969,2868],{"class":2546},[44,98971,121],{"class":58},[44,98973,97868],{"class":117},[44,98975,244],{"class":58},[20,98977,98978],{},[367,98979,247],{},[35,98981,98983],{"className":37,"code":98982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98984,98985,98989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,98986,98987],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,98988,9085],{"class":58},[44,98990,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999,99001],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,98992,2937],{"class":54},[44,98994,2940],{"class":1716},[44,98996,2943],{"class":62},[44,98998,8471],{"class":66},[44,99000,2948],{"class":62},[44,99002,2951],{"class":54},[20,99004,99005,8438],{},[15,99006,3442],{},[30,99008,71886],{"id":71885},[20,99010,99011],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99013,99014],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[35,99016,99018],{"className":37,"code":99017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99019,99020,99068,99078],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99021,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042,99044,99046,99048,99050,99052,99054,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99023,3720],{"class":50},[44,99025,55],{"class":54},[44,99027,10141],{"class":58},[44,99029,63],{"class":62},[44,99031,1209],{"class":66},[44,99033,63],{"class":62},[44,99035,72],{"class":58},[44,99037,75],{"class":62},[44,99039,1218],{"class":66},[44,99041,63],{"class":62},[44,99043,72],{"class":58},[44,99045,75],{"class":62},[44,99047,1209],{"class":66},[44,99049,63],{"class":62},[44,99051,72],{"class":58},[44,99053,75],{"class":62},[44,99055,1209],{"class":66},[44,99057,63],{"class":62},[44,99059,72],{"class":58},[44,99061,75],{"class":62},[44,99063,1227],{"class":66},[44,99065,63],{"class":62},[44,99067,8959],{"class":58},[44,99069,99070,99072,99074,99076],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99071,136],{"class":135},[44,99073,121],{"class":58},[44,99075,3762],{"class":117},[44,99077,100],{"class":58},[44,99079,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99081,136],{"class":135},[44,99083,121],{"class":58},[44,99085,1365],{"class":135},[44,99087,121],{"class":58},[44,99089,3762],{"class":117},[44,99091,244],{"class":58},[20,99093,99094],{},[367,99095,29669],{},[35,99097,99099],{"className":37,"code":99098,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99100,99101,99129],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99102,99103,99105,99107,99109,99111,99113,99115,99117,99119,99121,99123,99125,99127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99104,8928],{"class":58},[44,99106,2948],{"class":62},[44,99108,1218],{"class":66},[44,99110,2948],{"class":62},[44,99112,72],{"class":58},[44,99114,2943],{"class":62},[44,99116,1227],{"class":66},[44,99118,2948],{"class":62},[44,99120,72],{"class":58},[44,99122,2943],{"class":62},[44,99124,1209],{"class":66},[44,99126,2948],{"class":62},[44,99128,8959],{"class":58},[44,99130,99131],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99132,46255],{"class":206},[20,99134,99135],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[30,99137,99139],{"id":99138},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99141,99142,99143,99145],{},"Set items must be ",[367,99144,95988],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99147,99148],{},"These usually work:",[169,99150,99151,99153,99155,99157],{},[172,99152,56098],{},[172,99154,56101],{},[172,99156,96000],{},[172,99158,40232],{},[35,99160,99162],{"className":37,"code":99161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99163,99164,99198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99165,99166,99168,99170,99172,99174,99176,99178,99180,99182,99184,99186,99188,99190,99192,99194,99196],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99167,922],{"class":50},[44,99169,55],{"class":54},[44,99171,10141],{"class":58},[44,99173,1133],{"class":206},[44,99175,72],{"class":58},[44,99177,75],{"class":62},[44,99179,1209],{"class":66},[44,99181,63],{"class":62},[44,99183,72],{"class":58},[44,99185,59],{"class":58},[44,99187,207],{"class":206},[44,99189,72],{"class":58},[44,99191,212],{"class":206},[44,99193,8884],{"class":58},[44,99195,3565],{"class":3502},[44,99197,8959],{"class":58},[44,99199,99200,99202,99204,99206],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99201,136],{"class":135},[44,99203,121],{"class":58},[44,99205,962],{"class":117},[44,99207,100],{"class":58},[20,99209,99210,99211,99213],{},"These do ",[367,99212,881],{}," work directly:",[169,99215,99216,99218],{},[172,99217,96704],{},[172,99219,96707],{},[35,99221,99223],{"className":37,"code":99222,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99224,99225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99226,99227,99230,99232,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99228,99229],{"class":50},"bad_set ",[44,99231,55],{"class":54},[44,99233,99234],{"class":58}," {[",[44,99236,1133],{"class":206},[44,99238,72],{"class":58},[44,99240,488],{"class":206},[44,99242,72],{"class":58},[44,99244,524],{"class":206},[44,99246,13354],{"class":58},[20,99248,99249],{},"This raises an error:",[35,99251,99252],{"className":37,"code":96763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99253,99254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99255,99256,99258,99260,99262,99264,99266,99268,99270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99257,2650],{"class":2546},[44,99259,1155],{"class":58},[44,99261,96774],{"class":50},[44,99263,2868],{"class":2546},[44,99265,1155],{"class":58},[44,99267,2943],{"class":62},[44,99269,7742],{"class":66},[44,99271,29339],{"class":62},[20,99273,51716],{},[35,99275,99277],{"className":37,"code":99276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99278,99279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99280,99281,99283,99285,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300,99302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99282,99229],{"class":50},[44,99284,55],{"class":54},[44,99286,99287],{"class":58}," {{",[44,99289,63],{"class":62},[44,99291,7318],{"class":66},[44,99293,63],{"class":62},[44,99295,1155],{"class":58},[44,99297,75],{"class":62},[44,99299,7327],{"class":66},[44,99301,63],{"class":62},[44,99303,99304],{"class":58},"}}\n",[20,99306,99307],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,99309,99311],{"id":99310},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[338,99313,99315],{"id":99314},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[35,99317,99319],{"className":37,"code":99318,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99320,99321,99345],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99322,99323,99325,99327,99329,99331,99333,99335,99337,99339,99341,99343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99324,199],{"class":50},[44,99326,55],{"class":54},[44,99328,10141],{"class":58},[44,99330,1133],{"class":206},[44,99332,72],{"class":58},[44,99334,488],{"class":206},[44,99336,72],{"class":58},[44,99338,524],{"class":206},[44,99340,72],{"class":58},[44,99342,1114],{"class":206},[44,99344,8959],{"class":58},[44,99346,99347,99349,99351,99353],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99348,136],{"class":135},[44,99350,121],{"class":58},[44,99352,232],{"class":117},[44,99354,100],{"class":58},[338,99356,99358],{"id":99357},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[35,99360,99362],{"className":37,"code":99361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99363,99364,99392,99407,99411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99365,99366,99368,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380,99382,99384,99386,99388,99390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99367,7429],{"class":50},[44,99369,55],{"class":54},[44,99371,3273],{"class":58},[44,99373,1133],{"class":206},[44,99375,72],{"class":58},[44,99377,519],{"class":206},[44,99379,72],{"class":58},[44,99381,488],{"class":206},[44,99383,72],{"class":58},[44,99385,524],{"class":206},[44,99387,72],{"class":58},[44,99389,524],{"class":206},[44,99391,3286],{"class":58},[44,99393,99394,99397,99399,99401,99403,99405],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99395,99396],{"class":50},"unique_items ",[44,99398,55],{"class":54},[44,99400,15281],{"class":2546},[44,99402,121],{"class":58},[44,99404,7458],{"class":117},[44,99406,100],{"class":58},[44,99408,99409],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99410,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,99412,99413,99415,99417,99420],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,99414,136],{"class":135},[44,99416,121],{"class":58},[44,99418,99419],{"class":117},"unique_items",[44,99421,100],{"class":58},[338,99423,98769],{"id":99424},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[35,99426,99428],{"className":37,"code":99427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99429,99430,99448],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99431,99432,99434,99436,99438,99440,99442,99444,99446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99433,382],{"class":50},[44,99435,55],{"class":54},[44,99437,15281],{"class":2546},[44,99439,121],{"class":58},[44,99441,63],{"class":62},[44,99443,1218],{"class":66},[44,99445,63],{"class":62},[44,99447,100],{"class":58},[44,99449,99450,99452,99454,99456],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99451,136],{"class":135},[44,99453,121],{"class":58},[44,99455,444],{"class":117},[44,99457,100],{"class":58},[338,99459,99461],{"id":99460},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[35,99463,99465],{"className":37,"code":99464,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99466,99467,99477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99468,99469,99471,99473,99475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99470,97907],{"class":50},[44,99472,55],{"class":54},[44,99474,15281],{"class":2546},[44,99476,8292],{"class":58},[44,99478,99479,99481,99483,99485],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99480,136],{"class":135},[44,99482,121],{"class":58},[44,99484,97926],{"class":117},[44,99486,100],{"class":58},[30,99488,1299],{"id":1298},[20,99490,99491],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[338,99493,895,99495,99497],{"id":99494},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99496,3442],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99499,99500],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[35,99502,99504],{"className":37,"code":99503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99505,99506,99514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99507,99508,99510,99512],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99509,1380],{"class":50},[44,99511,55],{"class":54},[44,99513,9488],{"class":58},[44,99515,99516,99518,99520,99522,99524,99526],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99517,136],{"class":135},[44,99519,121],{"class":58},[44,99521,2868],{"class":2546},[44,99523,121],{"class":58},[44,99525,302],{"class":117},[44,99527,244],{"class":58},[20,99529,99530],{},"This prints:",[35,99532,99533],{"className":37,"code":8458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,99534,99535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99536,99537,99539,99541,99543,99545,99547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99538,2937],{"class":54},[44,99540,2940],{"class":1716},[44,99542,2943],{"class":62},[44,99544,8471],{"class":66},[44,99546,2948],{"class":62},[44,99548,2951],{"class":54},[20,99550,651,99551,6280],{},[15,99552,3447],{},[338,99554,99556],{"id":99555},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99558,99559],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[35,99561,99563],{"className":37,"code":99562,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99564,99565,99593],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99566,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581,99583,99585,99587,99589,99591],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99568,199],{"class":50},[44,99570,55],{"class":54},[44,99572,10141],{"class":58},[44,99574,1133],{"class":206},[44,99576,72],{"class":58},[44,99578,519],{"class":206},[44,99580,72],{"class":58},[44,99582,488],{"class":206},[44,99584,72],{"class":58},[44,99586,488],{"class":206},[44,99588,72],{"class":58},[44,99590,524],{"class":206},[44,99592,8959],{"class":58},[44,99594,99595,99597,99599,99601],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99596,136],{"class":135},[44,99598,121],{"class":58},[44,99600,232],{"class":117},[44,99602,100],{"class":58},[20,99604,99605],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[338,99607,99609],{"id":99608},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99611,99612],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99614,99615],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[35,99617,99619],{"className":37,"code":99618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99620,99621,99641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99622,99623,99625,99627,99629,99631,99633,99635,99637,99639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99624,199],{"class":50},[44,99626,55],{"class":54},[44,99628,10141],{"class":58},[44,99630,207],{"class":206},[44,99632,72],{"class":58},[44,99634,212],{"class":206},[44,99636,72],{"class":58},[44,99638,217],{"class":206},[44,99640,8959],{"class":58},[44,99642,99643],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99644,99645],{"class":147},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99647,99648],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[338,99650,99652],{"id":99651},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99654,99655],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[35,99657,99659],{"className":37,"code":99658,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99660,99661,99666],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99662,99663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99664,99665],{"class":147},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[44,99667,99668],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99669,99670],{"class":147},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99672,99673,99674,114],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99675,2650],{},[338,99677,99679],{"id":99678},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99681,99682],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[35,99684,99686],{"className":37,"code":99685,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99687,99688,99708,99740,99744,99758],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99689,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99691,15276],{"class":50},[44,99693,55],{"class":54},[44,99695,10141],{"class":58},[44,99697,1133],{"class":206},[44,99699,72],{"class":58},[44,99701,488],{"class":206},[44,99703,72],{"class":58},[44,99705,524],{"class":206},[44,99707,8959],{"class":58},[44,99709,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732,99734,99736,99738],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99711,11374],{"class":50},[44,99713,55],{"class":54},[44,99715,10141],{"class":58},[44,99717,63],{"class":62},[44,99719,270],{"class":66},[44,99721,63],{"class":62},[44,99723,1155],{"class":58},[44,99725,519],{"class":206},[44,99727,72],{"class":58},[44,99729,75],{"class":62},[44,99731,399],{"class":66},[44,99733,63],{"class":62},[44,99735,1155],{"class":58},[44,99737,488],{"class":206},[44,99739,8959],{"class":58},[44,99741,99742],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99743,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,99745,99746,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,99747,136],{"class":135},[44,99749,121],{"class":58},[44,99751,2868],{"class":2546},[44,99753,121],{"class":58},[44,99755,15314],{"class":117},[44,99757,244],{"class":58},[44,99759,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,99761,136],{"class":135},[44,99763,121],{"class":58},[44,99765,2868],{"class":2546},[44,99767,121],{"class":58},[44,99769,11098],{"class":117},[44,99771,244],{"class":58},[30,99773,92401],{"id":92400},[20,99775,99776],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[35,99778,99780],{"className":37,"code":99779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99781,99782,99808,99812,99826,99836,99850,99857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,99783,99784,99786,99788,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800,99802,99804,99806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,99785,15276],{"class":50},[44,99787,55],{"class":54},[44,99789,15281],{"class":2546},[44,99791,2631],{"class":58},[44,99793,1133],{"class":206},[44,99795,72],{"class":58},[44,99797,488],{"class":206},[44,99799,72],{"class":58},[44,99801,488],{"class":206},[44,99803,72],{"class":58},[44,99805,524],{"class":206},[44,99807,3538],{"class":58},[44,99809,99810],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,99811,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,99813,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,99815,136],{"class":135},[44,99817,121],{"class":58},[44,99819,2868],{"class":2546},[44,99821,121],{"class":58},[44,99823,15314],{"class":117},[44,99825,244],{"class":58},[44,99827,99828,99830,99832,99834],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,99829,136],{"class":135},[44,99831,121],{"class":58},[44,99833,15314],{"class":117},[44,99835,100],{"class":58},[44,99837,99838,99840,99842,99844,99846,99848],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,99839,136],{"class":135},[44,99841,121],{"class":58},[44,99843,1365],{"class":135},[44,99845,121],{"class":58},[44,99847,15314],{"class":117},[44,99849,244],{"class":58},[44,99851,99852,99854],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,99853,136],{"class":135},[44,99855,99856],{"class":58},"({})\n",[44,99858,99859,99861,99863,99865],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,99860,136],{"class":135},[44,99862,121],{"class":58},[44,99864,5935],{"class":2546},[44,99866,6843],{"class":58},[20,99868,99869],{},"Use these to confirm:",[169,99871,99872,99875,99878,99881],{},[172,99873,99874],{},"The object type",[172,99876,99877],{},"The actual values stored",[172,99879,99880],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[172,99882,99883,99884,898,99886],{},"The difference between ",[15,99885,3442],{},[15,99887,3447],{},[30,99889,1497],{"id":1496},[338,99891,99893],{"id":99892},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99895,99896,99897,99900,99901,99903],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99898,99899],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99902,3447],{}," with another iterable.",[338,99905,99907],{"id":99906},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99909,651,99910,99912,99913,99915],{},[15,99911,3447],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99914,3442],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[338,99917,99919],{"id":99918},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99921,99922],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[338,99924,99926],{"id":99925},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99928,99929],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[338,99931,99933],{"id":99932},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99935,99936],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[30,99938,1554],{"id":1553},[169,99940,99941,99945,99951,99957,99962],{},[172,99942,99943],{},[270,99944,95945],{"href":97116},[172,99946,99947],{},[270,99948,3225,99949,1180],{"href":98117},[15,99950,95825],{},[172,99952,99953],{},[270,99954,3225,99955,1180],{"href":98136},[15,99956,96931],{},[172,99958,99959],{},[270,99960,99961],{"href":98694},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[172,99963,99964],{},[270,99965,99966],{"href":98408},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99968,99969],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1583,99971,99972],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":99974},[99975,99976,99977,99978,99981,99987,99991,99992,99993,99999,100007,100008,100015],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":14810,"depth":103,"text":14811},{"id":98380,"depth":103,"text":98381},{"id":98412,"depth":103,"text":98413,"children":99979},[99980],{"id":98481,"depth":132,"text":98482},{"id":98585,"depth":103,"text":99982,"children":99983},"Create a set with set()",[99984,99985,99986],{"id":98610,"depth":132,"text":98611},{"id":98698,"depth":132,"text":98699},{"id":98768,"depth":132,"text":98769},{"id":98853,"depth":103,"text":98854,"children":99988},[99989],{"id":98930,"depth":132,"text":99990},"Do not use {}",{"id":71885,"depth":103,"text":71886},{"id":99138,"depth":103,"text":99139},{"id":99310,"depth":103,"text":99311,"children":99994},[99995,99996,99997,99998],{"id":99314,"depth":132,"text":99315},{"id":99357,"depth":132,"text":99358},{"id":99424,"depth":132,"text":98769},{"id":99460,"depth":132,"text":99461},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":100000},[100001,100003,100004,100005,100006],{"id":99494,"depth":132,"text":100002},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99555,"depth":132,"text":99556},{"id":99608,"depth":132,"text":99609},{"id":99651,"depth":132,"text":99652},{"id":99678,"depth":132,"text":99679},{"id":92400,"depth":103,"text":92401},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":100009},[100010,100011,100012,100013,100014],{"id":99892,"depth":132,"text":99893},{"id":99906,"depth":132,"text":99907},{"id":99918,"depth":132,"text":99919},{"id":99925,"depth":132,"text":99926},{"id":99932,"depth":132,"text":99933},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98183,"description":100016},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100022,"title":100023,"body":100024,"description":102455,"extension":1616,"meta":102456,"navigation":434,"path":102457,"seo":102458,"stem":102459,"__hash__":102460},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100025,"toc":102420},[100026,100032,100038,100041,100043,100120,100122,100139,100149,100151,100156,100164,100166,100182,100186,100188,100190,100193,100214,100217,100241,100247,100249,100346,100348,100365,100375,100377,100379,100387,100389,100400,100402,100493,100495,100519,100530,100532,100534,100537,100667,100669,100742,100744,100765,100768,100770,100776,100781,100784,100911,100913,100930,100933,100935,100943,100946,100950,100958,101049,101051,101088,101093,101100,101177,101179,101195,101200,101205,101207,101216,101224,101305,101307,101336,101339,101343,101354,101357,101440,101442,101463,101469,101471,101473,101477,101481,101488,101553,101555,101575,101578,101647,101649,101665,101669,101675,101687,101695,101697,101782,101784,101813,101816,101820,101825,101827,101877,101880,101961,101963,101979,101983,101986,102061,102064,102068,102071,102148,102150,102183,102189,102193,102196,102331,102333,102347,102349,102351,102357,102360,102367,102375,102381,102384,102388,102391,102393,102395,102417],[10,100027,95817,100029,18],{"id":100028},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100030,100031],{},"difference()",[20,100033,100034,100037],{},[15,100035,100036],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100039,100040],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[30,100042,3259],{"id":3258},[35,100044,100046],{"className":37,"code":100045,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100047,100048,100072,100092,100110],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066,100068,100070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100051,2198],{"class":50},[44,100053,55],{"class":54},[44,100055,10141],{"class":58},[44,100057,1133],{"class":206},[44,100059,72],{"class":58},[44,100061,488],{"class":206},[44,100063,72],{"class":58},[44,100065,524],{"class":206},[44,100067,72],{"class":58},[44,100069,1114],{"class":206},[44,100071,8959],{"class":58},[44,100073,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084,100086,100088,100090],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100075,2226],{"class":50},[44,100077,55],{"class":54},[44,100079,10141],{"class":58},[44,100081,1141],{"class":206},[44,100083,72],{"class":58},[44,100085,1114],{"class":206},[44,100087,72],{"class":58},[44,100089,939],{"class":206},[44,100091,8959],{"class":58},[44,100093,100094,100096,100098,100100,100102,100104,100106,100108],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100095,604],{"class":50},[44,100097,55],{"class":54},[44,100099,56524],{"class":50},[44,100101,114],{"class":58},[44,100103,2456],{"class":117},[44,100105,121],{"class":58},[44,100107,399],{"class":117},[44,100109,100],{"class":58},[44,100111,100112,100114,100116,100118],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,100113,136],{"class":135},[44,100115,121],{"class":58},[44,100117,632],{"class":117},[44,100119,100],{"class":58},[20,100121,247],{},[35,100123,100125],{"className":37,"code":100124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100126,100127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100128,100129,100131,100133,100135,100137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100130,8928],{"class":58},[44,100132,1133],{"class":206},[44,100134,72],{"class":58},[44,100136,488],{"class":206},[44,100138,8959],{"class":58},[20,100140,100141,100143,100144,100146,100147,114],{},[15,100142,100031],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100145,270],{}," that are not in ",[15,100148,399],{},[44554,100150],{},[30,100152,158,100154,161],{"id":100153},"what-difference-does",[15,100155,100031],{},[20,100157,164,100158,100160,100161,100163],{},[15,100159,100031],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[367,100162,881],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100165,12703],{},[169,100167,100168,100173,100176,100179],{},[172,100169,100170,100172],{},[15,100171,100031],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[172,100174,100175],{},"It creates a new set",[172,100177,100178],{},"It does not change the original set",[172,100180,100181],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100183,95941,100184,114],{},[270,100185,95945],{"href":97116},[44554,100187],{},[30,100189,277],{"id":276},[20,100191,100192],{},"Use this form:",[35,100194,100196],{"className":37,"code":100195,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100197,100198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100199,100200,100203,100205,100207,100209,100212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100201,100202],{"class":50},"set1",[44,100204,114],{"class":58},[44,100206,2456],{"class":117},[44,100208,121],{"class":58},[44,100210,100211],{"class":117},"set2",[44,100213,100],{"class":58},[20,100215,100216],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[35,100218,100220],{"className":37,"code":100219,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100221,100222],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100223,100224,100226,100228,100230,100232,100234,100236,100239],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100225,100202],{"class":50},[44,100227,114],{"class":58},[44,100229,2456],{"class":117},[44,100231,121],{"class":58},[44,100233,100211],{"class":117},[44,100235,72],{"class":58},[44,100237,100238],{"class":117}," set3",[44,100240,100],{"class":58},[20,100242,100243,100244,100246],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[367,100245,5003],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100248,189],{},[35,100250,100252],{"className":37,"code":100251,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100253,100254,100282,100298,100310,100314,100336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100255,100256,100258,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278,100280],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100257,2198],{"class":50},[44,100259,55],{"class":54},[44,100261,10141],{"class":58},[44,100263,1133],{"class":206},[44,100265,72],{"class":58},[44,100267,488],{"class":206},[44,100269,72],{"class":58},[44,100271,524],{"class":206},[44,100273,72],{"class":58},[44,100275,1114],{"class":206},[44,100277,72],{"class":58},[44,100279,939],{"class":206},[44,100281,8959],{"class":58},[44,100283,100284,100286,100288,100290,100292,100294,100296],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100285,2226],{"class":50},[44,100287,55],{"class":54},[44,100289,10141],{"class":58},[44,100291,1137],{"class":206},[44,100293,72],{"class":58},[44,100295,524],{"class":206},[44,100297,8959],{"class":58},[44,100299,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100301,82802],{"class":50},[44,100303,55],{"class":54},[44,100305,10141],{"class":58},[44,100307,929],{"class":206},[44,100309,8959],{"class":58},[44,100311,100312],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,100313,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,100315,100316,100318,100320,100322,100324,100326,100328,100330,100332,100334],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,100317,604],{"class":50},[44,100319,55],{"class":54},[44,100321,56524],{"class":50},[44,100323,114],{"class":58},[44,100325,2456],{"class":117},[44,100327,121],{"class":58},[44,100329,399],{"class":117},[44,100331,72],{"class":58},[44,100333,9332],{"class":117},[44,100335,100],{"class":58},[44,100337,100338,100340,100342,100344],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,100339,136],{"class":135},[44,100341,121],{"class":58},[44,100343,632],{"class":117},[44,100345,100],{"class":58},[20,100347,247],{},[35,100349,100351],{"className":37,"code":100350,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100352,100353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100354,100355,100357,100359,100361,100363],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100356,8928],{"class":58},[44,100358,1133],{"class":206},[44,100360,72],{"class":58},[44,100362,1114],{"class":206},[44,100364,8959],{"class":58},[20,100366,100367,100368,100370,100371,2522,100373,114],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100369,270],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100372,399],{},[15,100374,408],{},[44554,100376],{},[30,100378,17063],{"id":17062},[20,100380,100381,100383,100384,114],{},[15,100382,100031],{}," always returns a ",[367,100385,100386],{},"new set",[20,100388,43287],{},[169,100390,100391,100394,100397],{},[172,100392,100393],{},"The return value is a new set",[172,100395,100396],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[172,100398,100399],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100401,189],{},[35,100403,100405],{"className":37,"code":100404,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100406,100407,100423,100443,100447,100465,100469,100479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100408,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417,100419,100421],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100410,2198],{"class":50},[44,100412,55],{"class":54},[44,100414,10141],{"class":58},[44,100416,1133],{"class":206},[44,100418,72],{"class":58},[44,100420,488],{"class":206},[44,100422,8959],{"class":58},[44,100424,100425,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439,100441],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100426,2226],{"class":50},[44,100428,55],{"class":54},[44,100430,10141],{"class":58},[44,100432,1133],{"class":206},[44,100434,72],{"class":58},[44,100436,488],{"class":206},[44,100438,72],{"class":58},[44,100440,524],{"class":206},[44,100442,8959],{"class":58},[44,100444,100445],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100446,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,100448,100449,100451,100453,100455,100457,100459,100461,100463],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,100450,604],{"class":50},[44,100452,55],{"class":54},[44,100454,56524],{"class":50},[44,100456,114],{"class":58},[44,100458,2456],{"class":117},[44,100460,121],{"class":58},[44,100462,399],{"class":117},[44,100464,100],{"class":58},[44,100466,100467],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,100468,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,100470,100471,100473,100475,100477],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,100472,136],{"class":135},[44,100474,121],{"class":58},[44,100476,632],{"class":117},[44,100478,100],{"class":58},[44,100480,100481,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,100482,136],{"class":135},[44,100484,121],{"class":58},[44,100486,2868],{"class":2546},[44,100488,121],{"class":58},[44,100490,632],{"class":117},[44,100492,244],{"class":58},[20,100494,247],{},[35,100496,100497],{"className":37,"code":98905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,100498,100499,100505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100500,100501,100503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100502,5935],{"class":2546},[44,100504,8292],{"class":58},[44,100506,100507,100509,100511,100513,100515,100517],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100508,2937],{"class":54},[44,100510,2940],{"class":1716},[44,100512,2943],{"class":62},[44,100514,5935],{"class":66},[44,100516,2948],{"class":62},[44,100518,2951],{"class":54},[20,100520,100521,100522,18606,100524,100526,100527,100529],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100523,3447],{},[15,100525,3442],{},". In Python, ",[15,100528,3442],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44554,100531],{},[30,100533,11124],{"id":11123},[20,100535,100536],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[35,100538,100540],{"className":37,"code":100539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100541,100542,100575,100608,100612,100632,100636,100646,100657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100543,100544,100547,100549,100551,100553,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100545,100546],{"class":50},"fruits_a ",[44,100548,55],{"class":54},[44,100550,10141],{"class":58},[44,100552,63],{"class":62},[44,100554,1209],{"class":66},[44,100556,63],{"class":62},[44,100558,72],{"class":58},[44,100560,75],{"class":62},[44,100562,1218],{"class":66},[44,100564,63],{"class":62},[44,100566,72],{"class":58},[44,100568,75],{"class":62},[44,100570,1227],{"class":66},[44,100572,63],{"class":62},[44,100574,8959],{"class":58},[44,100576,100577,100580,100582,100584,100586,100588,100590,100592,100594,100596,100598,100600,100602,100604,100606],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100578,100579],{"class":50},"fruits_b ",[44,100581,55],{"class":54},[44,100583,10141],{"class":58},[44,100585,63],{"class":62},[44,100587,1218],{"class":66},[44,100589,63],{"class":62},[44,100591,72],{"class":58},[44,100593,75],{"class":62},[44,100595,1227],{"class":66},[44,100597,63],{"class":62},[44,100599,72],{"class":58},[44,100601,75],{"class":62},[44,100603,22172],{"class":66},[44,100605,63],{"class":62},[44,100607,8959],{"class":58},[44,100609,100610],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100611,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,100613,100614,100616,100618,100621,100623,100625,100627,100630],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,100615,604],{"class":50},[44,100617,55],{"class":54},[44,100619,100620],{"class":50}," fruits_a",[44,100622,114],{"class":58},[44,100624,2456],{"class":117},[44,100626,121],{"class":58},[44,100628,100629],{"class":117},"fruits_b",[44,100631,100],{"class":58},[44,100633,100634],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,100635,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,100637,100638,100640,100642,100644],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,100639,136],{"class":135},[44,100641,121],{"class":58},[44,100643,632],{"class":117},[44,100645,100],{"class":58},[44,100647,100648,100650,100652,100655],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,100649,136],{"class":135},[44,100651,121],{"class":58},[44,100653,100654],{"class":117},"fruits_a",[44,100656,100],{"class":58},[44,100658,100659,100661,100663,100665],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,100660,136],{"class":135},[44,100662,121],{"class":58},[44,100664,100629],{"class":117},[44,100666,100],{"class":58},[20,100668,29669],{},[35,100670,100672],{"className":37,"code":100671,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100673,100674,100686,100714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100675,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100677,8928],{"class":58},[44,100679,2948],{"class":62},[44,100681,1209],{"class":66},[44,100683,2948],{"class":62},[44,100685,8959],{"class":58},[44,100687,100688,100690,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100689,8928],{"class":58},[44,100691,2948],{"class":62},[44,100693,1218],{"class":66},[44,100695,2948],{"class":62},[44,100697,72],{"class":58},[44,100699,2943],{"class":62},[44,100701,1227],{"class":66},[44,100703,2948],{"class":62},[44,100705,72],{"class":58},[44,100707,2943],{"class":62},[44,100709,1209],{"class":66},[44,100711,2948],{"class":62},[44,100713,8959],{"class":58},[44,100715,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734,100736,100738,100740],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100717,8928],{"class":58},[44,100719,2948],{"class":62},[44,100721,1218],{"class":66},[44,100723,2948],{"class":62},[44,100725,72],{"class":58},[44,100727,2943],{"class":62},[44,100729,1227],{"class":66},[44,100731,2948],{"class":62},[44,100733,72],{"class":58},[44,100735,2943],{"class":62},[44,100737,22172],{"class":66},[44,100739,2948],{"class":62},[44,100741,8959],{"class":58},[20,100743,11333],{},[169,100745,100746,100751,100756,100762],{},[172,100747,100748,100749],{},"Start with ",[15,100750,100654],{},[172,100752,100753,100754],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100755,100629],{},[172,100757,100758,100759,100761],{},"Only ",[15,100760,57468],{}," remains",[172,100763,100764],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100766,100767],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44554,100769],{},[30,100771,895,100773,100775],{"id":100772},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100774,100031],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100777,100778,100779,114],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100780,100031],{},[20,100782,100783],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[35,100785,100787],{"className":37,"code":100786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100788,100789,100821,100838,100851,100868,100872,100901],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100790,100791,100793,100795,100797,100799,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817,100819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100792,199],{"class":50},[44,100794,55],{"class":54},[44,100796,10141],{"class":58},[44,100798,1133],{"class":206},[44,100800,72],{"class":58},[44,100802,488],{"class":206},[44,100804,72],{"class":58},[44,100806,524],{"class":206},[44,100808,72],{"class":58},[44,100810,1114],{"class":206},[44,100812,72],{"class":58},[44,100814,939],{"class":206},[44,100816,72],{"class":58},[44,100818,37280],{"class":206},[44,100820,8959],{"class":58},[44,100822,100823,100826,100828,100830,100832,100834,100836],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100824,100825],{"class":50},"group_a ",[44,100827,55],{"class":54},[44,100829,10141],{"class":58},[44,100831,1137],{"class":206},[44,100833,72],{"class":58},[44,100835,1114],{"class":206},[44,100837,8959],{"class":58},[44,100839,100840,100843,100845,100847,100849],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,100841,100842],{"class":50},"group_b ",[44,100844,55],{"class":54},[44,100846,10141],{"class":58},[44,100848,929],{"class":206},[44,100850,8959],{"class":58},[44,100852,100853,100856,100858,100860,100862,100864,100866],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,100854,100855],{"class":50},"group_c ",[44,100857,55],{"class":54},[44,100859,10141],{"class":58},[44,100861,80210],{"class":206},[44,100863,72],{"class":58},[44,100865,5642],{"class":206},[44,100867,8959],{"class":58},[44,100869,100870],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,100871,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,100873,100874,100876,100878,100880,100882,100884,100886,100889,100891,100894,100896,100899],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,100875,604],{"class":50},[44,100877,55],{"class":54},[44,100879,3912],{"class":50},[44,100881,114],{"class":58},[44,100883,2456],{"class":117},[44,100885,121],{"class":58},[44,100887,100888],{"class":117},"group_a",[44,100890,72],{"class":58},[44,100892,100893],{"class":117}," group_b",[44,100895,72],{"class":58},[44,100897,100898],{"class":117}," group_c",[44,100900,100],{"class":58},[44,100902,100903,100905,100907,100909],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,100904,136],{"class":135},[44,100906,121],{"class":58},[44,100908,632],{"class":117},[44,100910,100],{"class":58},[20,100912,247],{},[35,100914,100916],{"className":37,"code":100915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100917,100918],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100919,100920,100922,100924,100926,100928],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100921,8928],{"class":58},[44,100923,1133],{"class":206},[44,100925,72],{"class":58},[44,100927,524],{"class":206},[44,100929,8959],{"class":58},[20,100931,100932],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44554,100934],{},[30,100936,100938,10236,100940],{"id":100937},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100939,100031],{},[15,100941,100942],{},"difference_update()",[20,100944,100945],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[338,100947,100948],{"id":2456},[15,100949,100031],{},[169,100951,100952,100955],{},[172,100953,100954],{},"Returns a new set",[172,100956,100957],{},"Does not change the original set",[35,100959,100961],{"className":37,"code":100960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100962,100963,100987,101003,101007,101025,101029,101039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,100964,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977,100979,100981,100983,100985],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,100966,2198],{"class":50},[44,100968,55],{"class":54},[44,100970,10141],{"class":58},[44,100972,1133],{"class":206},[44,100974,72],{"class":58},[44,100976,488],{"class":206},[44,100978,72],{"class":58},[44,100980,524],{"class":206},[44,100982,72],{"class":58},[44,100984,1114],{"class":206},[44,100986,8959],{"class":58},[44,100988,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999,101001],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,100990,2226],{"class":50},[44,100992,55],{"class":54},[44,100994,10141],{"class":58},[44,100996,1141],{"class":206},[44,100998,72],{"class":58},[44,101000,1114],{"class":206},[44,101002,8959],{"class":58},[44,101004,101005],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101006,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101008,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101010,604],{"class":50},[44,101012,55],{"class":54},[44,101014,56524],{"class":50},[44,101016,114],{"class":58},[44,101018,2456],{"class":117},[44,101020,121],{"class":58},[44,101022,399],{"class":117},[44,101024,100],{"class":58},[44,101026,101027],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101028,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101030,101031,101033,101035,101037],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,101032,136],{"class":135},[44,101034,121],{"class":58},[44,101036,632],{"class":117},[44,101038,100],{"class":58},[44,101040,101041,101043,101045,101047],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,101042,136],{"class":135},[44,101044,121],{"class":58},[44,101046,270],{"class":117},[44,101048,100],{"class":58},[20,101050,247],{},[35,101052,101054],{"className":37,"code":101053,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101055,101056,101068],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101057,101058,101060,101062,101064,101066],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101059,8928],{"class":58},[44,101061,1133],{"class":206},[44,101063,72],{"class":58},[44,101065,488],{"class":206},[44,101067,8959],{"class":58},[44,101069,101070,101072,101074,101076,101078,101080,101082,101084,101086],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101071,8928],{"class":58},[44,101073,1133],{"class":206},[44,101075,72],{"class":58},[44,101077,488],{"class":206},[44,101079,72],{"class":58},[44,101081,524],{"class":206},[44,101083,72],{"class":58},[44,101085,1114],{"class":206},[44,101087,8959],{"class":58},[338,101089,101091],{"id":101090},"difference_update",[15,101092,100942],{},[169,101094,101095,101098],{},[172,101096,101097],{},"Changes the original set",[172,101099,95935],{},[35,101101,101103],{"className":37,"code":101102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101104,101105,101129,101145,101149,101163,101167],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101106,101107,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119,101121,101123,101125,101127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101108,2198],{"class":50},[44,101110,55],{"class":54},[44,101112,10141],{"class":58},[44,101114,1133],{"class":206},[44,101116,72],{"class":58},[44,101118,488],{"class":206},[44,101120,72],{"class":58},[44,101122,524],{"class":206},[44,101124,72],{"class":58},[44,101126,1114],{"class":206},[44,101128,8959],{"class":58},[44,101130,101131,101133,101135,101137,101139,101141,101143],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101132,2226],{"class":50},[44,101134,55],{"class":54},[44,101136,10141],{"class":58},[44,101138,1141],{"class":206},[44,101140,72],{"class":58},[44,101142,1114],{"class":206},[44,101144,8959],{"class":58},[44,101146,101147],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101148,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101150,101151,101153,101155,101157,101159,101161],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101152,270],{"class":50},[44,101154,114],{"class":58},[44,101156,101090],{"class":117},[44,101158,121],{"class":58},[44,101160,399],{"class":117},[44,101162,100],{"class":58},[44,101164,101165],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101166,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101168,101169,101171,101173,101175],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,101170,136],{"class":135},[44,101172,121],{"class":58},[44,101174,270],{"class":117},[44,101176,100],{"class":58},[20,101178,247],{},[35,101180,101181],{"className":37,"code":100124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101182,101183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101184,101185,101187,101189,101191,101193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101186,8928],{"class":58},[44,101188,1133],{"class":206},[44,101190,72],{"class":58},[44,101192,488],{"class":206},[44,101194,8959],{"class":58},[20,101196,651,101197,101199],{},[15,101198,100031],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101201,101202,101203,33241],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101204,100942],{},[44554,101206],{},[30,101208,101210,101212,101213,101215],{"id":101209},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101211,100031],{}," vs the ",[15,101214,1674],{}," operator",[20,101217,164,101218,101220,101221,101223],{},[15,101219,1674],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101222,100031],{}," for two sets.",[35,101225,101227],{"className":37,"code":101226,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101228,101229,101253,101269,101273,101291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101230,101231,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243,101245,101247,101249,101251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101232,2198],{"class":50},[44,101234,55],{"class":54},[44,101236,10141],{"class":58},[44,101238,1133],{"class":206},[44,101240,72],{"class":58},[44,101242,488],{"class":206},[44,101244,72],{"class":58},[44,101246,524],{"class":206},[44,101248,72],{"class":58},[44,101250,1114],{"class":206},[44,101252,8959],{"class":58},[44,101254,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101256,2226],{"class":50},[44,101258,55],{"class":54},[44,101260,10141],{"class":58},[44,101262,1141],{"class":206},[44,101264,72],{"class":58},[44,101266,1114],{"class":206},[44,101268,8959],{"class":58},[44,101270,101271],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101272,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101274,101275,101277,101279,101281,101283,101285,101287,101289],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101276,136],{"class":135},[44,101278,121],{"class":58},[44,101280,270],{"class":117},[44,101282,114],{"class":58},[44,101284,2456],{"class":117},[44,101286,121],{"class":58},[44,101288,399],{"class":117},[44,101290,244],{"class":58},[44,101292,101293,101295,101297,101299,101301,101303],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101294,136],{"class":135},[44,101296,121],{"class":58},[44,101298,2198],{"class":117},[44,101300,1674],{"class":54},[44,101302,2203],{"class":117},[44,101304,100],{"class":58},[20,101306,247],{},[35,101308,101310],{"className":37,"code":101309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101311,101312,101324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101313,101314,101316,101318,101320,101322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101315,8928],{"class":58},[44,101317,1133],{"class":206},[44,101319,72],{"class":58},[44,101321,488],{"class":206},[44,101323,8959],{"class":58},[44,101325,101326,101328,101330,101332,101334],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101327,8928],{"class":58},[44,101329,1133],{"class":206},[44,101331,72],{"class":58},[44,101333,488],{"class":206},[44,101335,8959],{"class":58},[20,101337,101338],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101340,94205,101341,1547],{},[15,101342,100031],{},[169,101344,101345,101348,101351],{},[172,101346,101347],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[172,101349,101350],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[172,101352,101353],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101355,101356],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[35,101358,101360],{"className":37,"code":101359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101361,101362,101390,101402,101414,101418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101363,101364,101366,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101365,2198],{"class":50},[44,101367,55],{"class":54},[44,101369,10141],{"class":58},[44,101371,1133],{"class":206},[44,101373,72],{"class":58},[44,101375,488],{"class":206},[44,101377,72],{"class":58},[44,101379,524],{"class":206},[44,101381,72],{"class":58},[44,101383,1114],{"class":206},[44,101385,72],{"class":58},[44,101387,939],{"class":206},[44,101389,8959],{"class":58},[44,101391,101392,101394,101396,101398,101400],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101393,2226],{"class":50},[44,101395,55],{"class":54},[44,101397,10141],{"class":58},[44,101399,1137],{"class":206},[44,101401,8959],{"class":58},[44,101403,101404,101406,101408,101410,101412],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101405,82802],{"class":50},[44,101407,55],{"class":54},[44,101409,10141],{"class":58},[44,101411,1145],{"class":206},[44,101413,8959],{"class":58},[44,101415,101416],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101417,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101419,101420,101422,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436,101438],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101421,136],{"class":135},[44,101423,121],{"class":58},[44,101425,270],{"class":117},[44,101427,114],{"class":58},[44,101429,2456],{"class":117},[44,101431,121],{"class":58},[44,101433,399],{"class":117},[44,101435,72],{"class":58},[44,101437,9332],{"class":117},[44,101439,244],{"class":58},[20,101441,247],{},[35,101443,101445],{"className":37,"code":101444,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101446,101447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101448,101449,101451,101453,101455,101457,101459,101461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101450,8928],{"class":58},[44,101452,1133],{"class":206},[44,101454,72],{"class":58},[44,101456,524],{"class":206},[44,101458,72],{"class":58},[44,101460,939],{"class":206},[44,101462,8959],{"class":58},[20,101464,101465,101466,101468],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101467,1674],{}," operator expression.",[44554,101470],{},[30,101472,4168],{"id":4167},[20,101474,20852,101475,114],{},[15,101476,100031],{},[338,101478,101480],{"id":101479},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101482,4277,101483,101485,101486,1155],{},[367,101484,881],{}," change ",[15,101487,270],{},[35,101489,101491],{"className":37,"code":101490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101492,101493,101513,101525,101529,101543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501,101503,101505,101507,101509,101511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101496,2198],{"class":50},[44,101498,55],{"class":54},[44,101500,10141],{"class":58},[44,101502,1133],{"class":206},[44,101504,72],{"class":58},[44,101506,488],{"class":206},[44,101508,72],{"class":58},[44,101510,524],{"class":206},[44,101512,8959],{"class":58},[44,101514,101515,101517,101519,101521,101523],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101516,2226],{"class":50},[44,101518,55],{"class":54},[44,101520,10141],{"class":58},[44,101522,1141],{"class":206},[44,101524,8959],{"class":58},[44,101526,101527],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101528,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101530,101531,101533,101535,101537,101539,101541],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101532,270],{"class":50},[44,101534,114],{"class":58},[44,101536,2456],{"class":117},[44,101538,121],{"class":58},[44,101540,399],{"class":117},[44,101542,100],{"class":58},[44,101544,101545,101547,101549,101551],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101546,136],{"class":135},[44,101548,121],{"class":58},[44,101550,270],{"class":117},[44,101552,100],{"class":58},[20,101554,247],{},[35,101556,101557],{"className":37,"code":96224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101558,101559],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101560,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101562,8928],{"class":58},[44,101564,1133],{"class":206},[44,101566,72],{"class":58},[44,101568,488],{"class":206},[44,101570,72],{"class":58},[44,101572,524],{"class":206},[44,101574,8959],{"class":58},[20,101576,101577],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[35,101579,101581],{"className":37,"code":101580,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101582,101583,101603,101615,101619,101637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101584,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597,101599,101601],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101586,2198],{"class":50},[44,101588,55],{"class":54},[44,101590,10141],{"class":58},[44,101592,1133],{"class":206},[44,101594,72],{"class":58},[44,101596,488],{"class":206},[44,101598,72],{"class":58},[44,101600,524],{"class":206},[44,101602,8959],{"class":58},[44,101604,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101606,2226],{"class":50},[44,101608,55],{"class":54},[44,101610,10141],{"class":58},[44,101612,1141],{"class":206},[44,101614,8959],{"class":58},[44,101616,101617],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101618,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101620,101621,101623,101625,101627,101629,101631,101633,101635],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101622,2198],{"class":50},[44,101624,55],{"class":54},[44,101626,56524],{"class":50},[44,101628,114],{"class":58},[44,101630,2456],{"class":117},[44,101632,121],{"class":58},[44,101634,399],{"class":117},[44,101636,100],{"class":58},[44,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101640,136],{"class":135},[44,101642,121],{"class":58},[44,101644,270],{"class":117},[44,101646,100],{"class":58},[20,101648,247],{},[35,101650,101651],{"className":37,"code":100124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101652,101653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101654,101655,101657,101659,101661,101663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101656,8928],{"class":58},[44,101658,1133],{"class":206},[44,101660,72],{"class":58},[44,101662,488],{"class":206},[44,101664,8959],{"class":58},[338,101666,101668],{"id":101667},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101670,101671,101674],{},[15,101672,101673],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[169,101676,101677,101682],{},[172,101678,101679,101680],{},"keep items from ",[15,101681,270],{},[172,101683,101684,101685],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101686,399],{},[20,101688,40542,101689,101691,101692,101694],{},[367,101690,881],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101693,399],{},"”.",[20,101696,189],{},[35,101698,101700],{"className":37,"code":101699,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101701,101702,101722,101742,101746,101764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101703,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716,101718,101720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101705,2198],{"class":50},[44,101707,55],{"class":54},[44,101709,10141],{"class":58},[44,101711,1133],{"class":206},[44,101713,72],{"class":58},[44,101715,488],{"class":206},[44,101717,72],{"class":58},[44,101719,524],{"class":206},[44,101721,8959],{"class":58},[44,101723,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738,101740],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101725,2226],{"class":50},[44,101727,55],{"class":54},[44,101729,10141],{"class":58},[44,101731,1141],{"class":206},[44,101733,72],{"class":58},[44,101735,1114],{"class":206},[44,101737,72],{"class":58},[44,101739,939],{"class":206},[44,101741,8959],{"class":58},[44,101743,101744],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101745,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101747,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756,101758,101760,101762],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101749,136],{"class":135},[44,101751,121],{"class":58},[44,101753,270],{"class":117},[44,101755,114],{"class":58},[44,101757,2456],{"class":117},[44,101759,121],{"class":58},[44,101761,399],{"class":117},[44,101763,244],{"class":58},[44,101765,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776,101778,101780],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101767,136],{"class":135},[44,101769,121],{"class":58},[44,101771,399],{"class":117},[44,101773,114],{"class":58},[44,101775,2456],{"class":117},[44,101777,121],{"class":58},[44,101779,270],{"class":117},[44,101781,244],{"class":58},[20,101783,247],{},[35,101785,101787],{"className":37,"code":101786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101788,101789,101801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101790,101791,101793,101795,101797,101799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101792,8928],{"class":58},[44,101794,1133],{"class":206},[44,101796,72],{"class":58},[44,101798,488],{"class":206},[44,101800,8959],{"class":58},[44,101802,101803,101805,101807,101809,101811],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101804,8928],{"class":58},[44,101806,1145],{"class":206},[44,101808,72],{"class":58},[44,101810,939],{"class":206},[44,101812,8959],{"class":58},[20,101814,101815],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[338,101817,101819],{"id":101818},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101821,101822,101824],{},[15,101823,100031],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101826,54955],{},[35,101828,101830],{"className":37,"code":101829,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101831,101832,101852,101868,101872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101833,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842,101844,101846,101848,101850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101835,2198],{"class":50},[44,101837,55],{"class":54},[44,101839,3273],{"class":58},[44,101841,1133],{"class":206},[44,101843,72],{"class":58},[44,101845,488],{"class":206},[44,101847,72],{"class":58},[44,101849,524],{"class":206},[44,101851,3286],{"class":58},[44,101853,101854,101856,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101855,2226],{"class":50},[44,101857,55],{"class":54},[44,101859,3273],{"class":58},[44,101861,1141],{"class":206},[44,101863,72],{"class":58},[44,101865,1114],{"class":206},[44,101867,3286],{"class":58},[44,101869,101870],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101871,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101873,101874],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101875,101876],{"class":147},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101878,101879],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[35,101881,101883],{"className":37,"code":101882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101884,101885,101905,101921,101925,101951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101886,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895,101897,101899,101901,101903],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101888,2198],{"class":50},[44,101890,55],{"class":54},[44,101892,3273],{"class":58},[44,101894,1133],{"class":206},[44,101896,72],{"class":58},[44,101898,488],{"class":206},[44,101900,72],{"class":58},[44,101902,524],{"class":206},[44,101904,3286],{"class":58},[44,101906,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,101908,2226],{"class":50},[44,101910,55],{"class":54},[44,101912,3273],{"class":58},[44,101914,1141],{"class":206},[44,101916,72],{"class":58},[44,101918,1114],{"class":206},[44,101920,3286],{"class":58},[44,101922,101923],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,101924,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,101926,101927,101929,101931,101933,101935,101937,101939,101941,101943,101945,101947,101949],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,101928,604],{"class":50},[44,101930,55],{"class":54},[44,101932,15281],{"class":2546},[44,101934,121],{"class":58},[44,101936,270],{"class":117},[44,101938,8280],{"class":58},[44,101940,2456],{"class":117},[44,101942,121],{"class":58},[44,101944,5935],{"class":2546},[44,101946,121],{"class":58},[44,101948,399],{"class":117},[44,101950,244],{"class":58},[44,101952,101953,101955,101957,101959],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,101954,136],{"class":135},[44,101956,121],{"class":58},[44,101958,632],{"class":117},[44,101960,100],{"class":58},[20,101962,247],{},[35,101964,101965],{"className":37,"code":100124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,101966,101967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101968,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101970,8928],{"class":58},[44,101972,1133],{"class":206},[44,101974,72],{"class":58},[44,101976,488],{"class":206},[44,101978,8959],{"class":58},[338,101980,101982],{"id":101981},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101984,101985],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[35,101987,101989],{"className":37,"code":101988,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101990,101991,102023,102039,102043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,101992,101993,101995,101997,101999,102001,102003,102005,102007,102009,102011,102013,102015,102017,102019,102021],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,101994,2198],{"class":50},[44,101996,55],{"class":54},[44,101998,10141],{"class":58},[44,102000,63],{"class":62},[44,102002,569],{"class":66},[44,102004,63],{"class":62},[44,102006,72],{"class":58},[44,102008,75],{"class":62},[44,102010,578],{"class":66},[44,102012,63],{"class":62},[44,102014,72],{"class":58},[44,102016,75],{"class":62},[44,102018,587],{"class":66},[44,102020,63],{"class":62},[44,102022,8959],{"class":58},[44,102024,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035,102037],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102026,2226],{"class":50},[44,102028,55],{"class":54},[44,102030,10141],{"class":58},[44,102032,63],{"class":62},[44,102034,578],{"class":66},[44,102036,63],{"class":62},[44,102038,8959],{"class":58},[44,102040,102041],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102042,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,102044,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055,102057,102059],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,102046,136],{"class":135},[44,102048,121],{"class":58},[44,102050,270],{"class":117},[44,102052,114],{"class":58},[44,102054,2456],{"class":117},[44,102056,121],{"class":58},[44,102058,399],{"class":117},[44,102060,244],{"class":58},[20,102062,102063],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[338,102065,102067],{"id":102066},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102069,102070],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[35,102072,102074],{"className":37,"code":102073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102075,102076,102104,102116,102120,102130],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102077,102078,102080,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090,102092,102094,102096,102098,102100,102102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102079,2198],{"class":50},[44,102081,55],{"class":54},[44,102083,10141],{"class":58},[44,102085,1133],{"class":206},[44,102087,72],{"class":58},[44,102089,519],{"class":206},[44,102091,72],{"class":58},[44,102093,488],{"class":206},[44,102095,72],{"class":58},[44,102097,488],{"class":206},[44,102099,72],{"class":58},[44,102101,524],{"class":206},[44,102103,8959],{"class":58},[44,102105,102106,102108,102110,102112,102114],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102107,2226],{"class":50},[44,102109,55],{"class":54},[44,102111,10141],{"class":58},[44,102113,1141],{"class":206},[44,102115,8959],{"class":58},[44,102117,102118],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102119,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,102121,102122,102124,102126,102128],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,102123,136],{"class":135},[44,102125,121],{"class":58},[44,102127,270],{"class":117},[44,102129,100],{"class":58},[44,102131,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144,102146],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,102133,136],{"class":135},[44,102135,121],{"class":58},[44,102137,270],{"class":117},[44,102139,114],{"class":58},[44,102141,2456],{"class":117},[44,102143,121],{"class":58},[44,102145,399],{"class":117},[44,102147,244],{"class":58},[20,102149,247],{},[35,102151,102153],{"className":37,"code":102152,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102154,102155,102171],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102156,102157,102159,102161,102163,102165,102167,102169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102158,8928],{"class":58},[44,102160,1133],{"class":206},[44,102162,72],{"class":58},[44,102164,488],{"class":206},[44,102166,72],{"class":58},[44,102168,524],{"class":206},[44,102170,8959],{"class":58},[44,102172,102173,102175,102177,102179,102181],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102174,8928],{"class":58},[44,102176,1133],{"class":206},[44,102178,72],{"class":58},[44,102180,488],{"class":206},[44,102182,8959],{"class":58},[20,102184,102185,102186,102188],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102187,100031],{}," runs.",[338,102190,102192],{"id":102191},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102194,102195],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[35,102197,102199],{"className":37,"code":102198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102200,102201,102225,102245,102249,102259,102269,102287,102309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102202,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219,102221,102223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102204,2198],{"class":50},[44,102206,55],{"class":54},[44,102208,10141],{"class":58},[44,102210,1133],{"class":206},[44,102212,72],{"class":58},[44,102214,488],{"class":206},[44,102216,72],{"class":58},[44,102218,524],{"class":206},[44,102220,72],{"class":58},[44,102222,1114],{"class":206},[44,102224,8959],{"class":58},[44,102226,102227,102229,102231,102233,102235,102237,102239,102241,102243],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102228,2226],{"class":50},[44,102230,55],{"class":54},[44,102232,10141],{"class":58},[44,102234,1141],{"class":206},[44,102236,72],{"class":58},[44,102238,1114],{"class":206},[44,102240,72],{"class":58},[44,102242,939],{"class":206},[44,102244,8959],{"class":58},[44,102246,102247],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102248,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,102250,102251,102253,102255,102257],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,102252,136],{"class":135},[44,102254,121],{"class":58},[44,102256,270],{"class":117},[44,102258,100],{"class":58},[44,102260,102261,102263,102265,102267],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,102262,136],{"class":135},[44,102264,121],{"class":58},[44,102266,399],{"class":117},[44,102268,100],{"class":58},[44,102270,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283,102285],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,102272,136],{"class":135},[44,102274,121],{"class":58},[44,102276,270],{"class":117},[44,102278,114],{"class":58},[44,102280,2456],{"class":117},[44,102282,121],{"class":58},[44,102284,399],{"class":117},[44,102286,244],{"class":58},[44,102288,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305,102307],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,102290,136],{"class":135},[44,102292,121],{"class":58},[44,102294,2868],{"class":2546},[44,102296,121],{"class":58},[44,102298,270],{"class":117},[44,102300,114],{"class":58},[44,102302,2456],{"class":117},[44,102304,121],{"class":58},[44,102306,399],{"class":117},[44,102308,2557],{"class":58},[44,102310,102311,102313,102315,102317,102319,102321,102323,102325,102327,102329],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,102312,136],{"class":135},[44,102314,121],{"class":58},[44,102316,1365],{"class":135},[44,102318,121],{"class":58},[44,102320,270],{"class":117},[44,102322,114],{"class":58},[44,102324,2456],{"class":117},[44,102326,121],{"class":58},[44,102328,399],{"class":117},[44,102330,2557],{"class":58},[20,102332,10820],{},[169,102334,102335,102338,102341,102344],{},[172,102336,102337],{},"what is in each set",[172,102339,102340],{},"what result Python creates",[172,102342,102343],{},"that the result is a set",[172,102345,102346],{},"how many items remain",[44554,102348],{},[30,102350,1497],{"id":1496},[338,102352,12355,102354,102356],{"id":102353},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102355,100031],{}," change the original set?",[20,102358,102359],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[338,102361,4828,102363,898,102365,1547],{"id":102362},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102364,100031],{},[15,102366,100942],{},[20,102368,102369,102371,102372,102374],{},[15,102370,100031],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102373,100942],{}," modifies the original set.",[338,102376,27967,102378,102380],{"id":102377},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102379,100031],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102382,102383],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[338,102385,102387],{"id":102386},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102389,102390],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44554,102392],{},[30,102394,1554],{"id":1553},[169,102396,102397,102401,102409],{},[172,102398,102399],{},[270,102400,95945],{"href":97116},[172,102402,102403],{},[270,102404,96431,102406,1180],{"href":102405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102407,102408],{},"intersection()",[172,102410,102411],{},[270,102412,96431,102414,1180],{"href":102413},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102415,102416],{},"union()",[1583,102418,102419],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":102421},[102422,102423,102425,102426,102427,102428,102430,102435,102437,102445,102454],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":100153,"depth":103,"text":102424},"What difference() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":100772,"depth":103,"text":102429},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100937,"depth":103,"text":102431,"children":102432},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102433,102434],{"id":2456,"depth":132,"text":100031},{"id":101090,"depth":132,"text":100942},{"id":101209,"depth":103,"text":102436},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":102438},[102439,102440,102441,102442,102443,102444],{"id":101479,"depth":132,"text":101480},{"id":101667,"depth":132,"text":101668},{"id":101818,"depth":132,"text":101819},{"id":101981,"depth":132,"text":101982},{"id":102066,"depth":132,"text":102067},{"id":102191,"depth":132,"text":102192},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":102446},[102447,102449,102451,102453],{"id":102353,"depth":132,"text":102448},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102362,"depth":132,"text":102450},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102377,"depth":132,"text":102452},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102386,"depth":132,"text":102387},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100023,"description":102455},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102462,"title":102463,"body":102464,"description":104157,"extension":1616,"meta":104158,"navigation":434,"path":104159,"seo":104160,"stem":104161,"__hash__":104162},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102465,"toc":104119},[102466,102472,102478,102491,102493,102594,102596,102641,102646,102651,102655,102669,102672,102680,102682,102701,102719,102723,102776,102778,102799,102806,102811,102838,102845,102944,102946,102983,102991,102993,102999,103002,103075,103077,103085,103090,103159,103161,103186,103188,103191,103294,103296,103357,103360,103364,103370,103443,103445,103478,103481,103484,103524,103530,103553,103558,103562,103573,103576,103578,103582,103588,103590,103647,103657,103659,103712,103719,103724,103792,103800,103806,103810,103812,103851,103856,103905,103909,103912,103914,103953,103956,103958,103963,104020,104022,104036,104038,104042,104048,104053,104058,104065,104076,104082,104087,104089,104116],[10,102467,95817,102469,18],{"id":102468},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102470,102471],{},"discard()",[20,102473,102474,102477],{},[15,102475,102476],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102479,102480,102481,1134,102486,13702,102488,102490],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[270,102482,102483],{"href":97826},[15,102484,102485],{},"set.remove()",[15,102487,102471],{},[367,102489,881],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[30,102492,33],{"id":32},[35,102494,102496],{"className":37,"code":102495,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102497,102498,102530,102549,102559,102563,102584],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102499,102500,102502,102504,102506,102508,102510,102512,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522,102524,102526,102528],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102501,51],{"class":50},[44,102503,55],{"class":54},[44,102505,10141],{"class":58},[44,102507,63],{"class":62},[44,102509,67],{"class":66},[44,102511,63],{"class":62},[44,102513,72],{"class":58},[44,102515,75],{"class":62},[44,102517,78],{"class":66},[44,102519,63],{"class":62},[44,102521,72],{"class":58},[44,102523,75],{"class":62},[44,102525,87],{"class":66},[44,102527,63],{"class":62},[44,102529,8959],{"class":58},[44,102531,102532,102534,102536,102539,102541,102543,102545,102547],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102533,734],{"class":50},[44,102535,114],{"class":58},[44,102537,102538],{"class":117},"discard",[44,102540,121],{"class":58},[44,102542,63],{"class":62},[44,102544,78],{"class":66},[44,102546,63],{"class":62},[44,102548,100],{"class":58},[44,102550,102551,102553,102555,102557],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102552,136],{"class":135},[44,102554,121],{"class":58},[44,102556,734],{"class":117},[44,102558,100],{"class":58},[44,102560,102561],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,102562,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,102564,102565,102567,102569,102571,102573,102575,102577,102579,102581],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,102566,734],{"class":50},[44,102568,114],{"class":58},[44,102570,102538],{"class":117},[44,102572,121],{"class":58},[44,102574,63],{"class":62},[44,102576,745],{"class":66},[44,102578,63],{"class":62},[44,102580,144],{"class":58},[44,102582,102583],{"class":147},"  # no error if missing\n",[44,102585,102586,102588,102590,102592],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,102587,136],{"class":135},[44,102589,121],{"class":58},[44,102591,734],{"class":117},[44,102593,100],{"class":58},[20,102595,29669],{},[35,102597,102599],{"className":37,"code":102598,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102600,102601,102621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102602,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102604,8928],{"class":58},[44,102606,2948],{"class":62},[44,102608,67],{"class":66},[44,102610,2948],{"class":62},[44,102612,72],{"class":58},[44,102614,2943],{"class":62},[44,102616,87],{"class":66},[44,102618,2948],{"class":62},[44,102620,8959],{"class":58},[44,102622,102623,102625,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635,102637,102639],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102624,8928],{"class":58},[44,102626,2948],{"class":62},[44,102628,67],{"class":66},[44,102630,2948],{"class":62},[44,102632,72],{"class":58},[44,102634,2943],{"class":62},[44,102636,87],{"class":66},[44,102638,2948],{"class":62},[44,102640,8959],{"class":58},[20,102642,651,102643,102645],{},[15,102644,102471],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[30,102647,158,102649,161],{"id":102648},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102650,102476],{},[20,102652,102653,1155],{},[15,102654,102471],{},[169,102656,102657,102660,102663,102665],{},[172,102658,102659],{},"Removes one item from a set",[172,102661,102662],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[172,102664,95932],{},[172,102666,11072,102667],{},[15,102668,3428],{},[20,102670,102671],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102673,95941,102674,2522,102677,114],{},[270,102675,102676],{"href":98408},"what a set is in Python",[270,102678,102679],{"href":97500},"how to create a set",[30,102681,277],{"id":276},[35,102683,102685],{"className":37,"code":102684,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102686,102687],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102688,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697,102699],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102690,15314],{"class":50},[44,102692,114],{"class":58},[44,102694,102538],{"class":117},[44,102696,121],{"class":58},[44,102698,302],{"class":117},[44,102700,100],{"class":58},[169,102702,102703,102708,102713,102716],{},[172,102704,102705,102707],{},[15,102706,15314],{}," is the set you want to change",[172,102709,102710,102712],{},[15,102711,302],{}," is the item you want to remove",[172,102714,102715],{},"The set must already exist",[172,102717,102718],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[338,102720,102722],{"id":102721},"example","Example",[35,102724,102726],{"className":37,"code":102725,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102727,102728,102752,102766],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102729,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738,102740,102742,102744,102746,102748,102750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102731,199],{"class":50},[44,102733,55],{"class":54},[44,102735,10141],{"class":58},[44,102737,1133],{"class":206},[44,102739,72],{"class":58},[44,102741,488],{"class":206},[44,102743,72],{"class":58},[44,102745,524],{"class":206},[44,102747,72],{"class":58},[44,102749,1114],{"class":206},[44,102751,8959],{"class":58},[44,102753,102754,102756,102758,102760,102762,102764],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102755,232],{"class":50},[44,102757,114],{"class":58},[44,102759,102538],{"class":117},[44,102761,121],{"class":58},[44,102763,1141],{"class":206},[44,102765,100],{"class":58},[44,102767,102768,102770,102772,102774],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102769,136],{"class":135},[44,102771,121],{"class":58},[44,102773,232],{"class":117},[44,102775,100],{"class":58},[20,102777,247],{},[35,102779,102781],{"className":37,"code":102780,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102782,102783],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102784,102785,102787,102789,102791,102793,102795,102797],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102786,8928],{"class":58},[44,102788,1133],{"class":206},[44,102790,72],{"class":58},[44,102792,488],{"class":206},[44,102794,72],{"class":58},[44,102796,1114],{"class":206},[44,102798,8959],{"class":58},[30,102800,102802,102803,102805],{"id":102801},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102804,102471],{}," different",[20,102807,102808,102810],{},[15,102809,102471],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[169,102812,102813,102826,102835],{},[172,102814,102815,102816,1134,102820,102822,102823,102825],{},"Unlike ",[270,102817,102818],{"href":97826},[15,102819,55165],{},[15,102821,102471],{}," does not raise ",[15,102824,19330],{}," when the item is missing",[172,102827,102815,102828,1134,102832,102834],{},[270,102829,102830],{"href":97831},[15,102831,12413],{},[15,102833,102471],{}," removes a specific item",[172,102836,102837],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[338,102839,102841,10236,102843],{"id":102840},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102842,102471],{},[15,102844,55165],{},[35,102846,102848],{"className":37,"code":102847,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102849,102850,102874,102878,102899,102909,102913,102934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102851,102852,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870,102872],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102853,7429],{"class":50},[44,102855,55],{"class":54},[44,102857,10141],{"class":58},[44,102859,63],{"class":62},[44,102861,1209],{"class":66},[44,102863,63],{"class":62},[44,102865,72],{"class":58},[44,102867,75],{"class":62},[44,102869,1218],{"class":66},[44,102871,63],{"class":62},[44,102873,8959],{"class":58},[44,102875,102876],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102877,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,102879,102880,102882,102884,102886,102888,102890,102892,102894,102896],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,102881,7458],{"class":50},[44,102883,114],{"class":58},[44,102885,102538],{"class":117},[44,102887,121],{"class":58},[44,102889,63],{"class":62},[44,102891,1227],{"class":66},[44,102893,63],{"class":62},[44,102895,144],{"class":58},[44,102897,102898],{"class":147},"   # no error\n",[44,102900,102901,102903,102905,102907],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,102902,136],{"class":135},[44,102904,121],{"class":58},[44,102906,7458],{"class":117},[44,102908,100],{"class":58},[44,102910,102911],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,102912,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,102914,102915,102917,102919,102921,102923,102925,102927,102929,102931],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,102916,7458],{"class":50},[44,102918,114],{"class":58},[44,102920,34436],{"class":117},[44,102922,121],{"class":58},[44,102924,63],{"class":62},[44,102926,1218],{"class":66},[44,102928,63],{"class":62},[44,102930,144],{"class":58},[44,102932,102933],{"class":147},"    # removes existing item\n",[44,102935,102936,102938,102940,102942],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,102937,136],{"class":135},[44,102939,121],{"class":58},[44,102941,7458],{"class":117},[44,102943,100],{"class":58},[20,102945,247],{},[35,102947,102949],{"className":37,"code":102948,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102950,102951,102971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,102952,102953,102955,102957,102959,102961,102963,102965,102967,102969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,102954,8928],{"class":58},[44,102956,2948],{"class":62},[44,102958,1209],{"class":66},[44,102960,2948],{"class":62},[44,102962,72],{"class":58},[44,102964,2943],{"class":62},[44,102966,1218],{"class":66},[44,102968,2948],{"class":62},[44,102970,8959],{"class":58},[44,102972,102973,102975,102977,102979,102981],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,102974,8928],{"class":58},[44,102976,2948],{"class":62},[44,102978,1209],{"class":66},[44,102980,2948],{"class":62},[44,102982,8959],{"class":58},[20,102984,39980,102985,102987,102988,102990],{},[15,102986,55165],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[270,102989,10725],{"href":10724}," for more help with that case.",[30,102992,532],{"id":531},[20,102994,102995,2044,102997,114],{},[15,102996,102471],{},[15,102998,3428],{},[20,103000,103001],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[35,103003,103005],{"className":37,"code":103004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103006,103007,103039,103061,103065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103008,103009,103011,103013,103015,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035,103037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103010,51],{"class":50},[44,103012,55],{"class":54},[44,103014,10141],{"class":58},[44,103016,63],{"class":62},[44,103018,67],{"class":66},[44,103020,63],{"class":62},[44,103022,72],{"class":58},[44,103024,75],{"class":62},[44,103026,78],{"class":66},[44,103028,63],{"class":62},[44,103030,72],{"class":58},[44,103032,75],{"class":62},[44,103034,87],{"class":66},[44,103036,63],{"class":62},[44,103038,8959],{"class":58},[44,103040,103041,103043,103045,103047,103049,103051,103053,103055,103057,103059],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103042,604],{"class":50},[44,103044,55],{"class":54},[44,103046,111],{"class":50},[44,103048,114],{"class":58},[44,103050,102538],{"class":117},[44,103052,121],{"class":58},[44,103054,63],{"class":62},[44,103056,78],{"class":66},[44,103058,63],{"class":62},[44,103060,100],{"class":58},[44,103062,103063],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103064,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103066,103067,103069,103071,103073],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,103068,136],{"class":135},[44,103070,121],{"class":58},[44,103072,632],{"class":117},[44,103074,100],{"class":58},[20,103076,247],{},[35,103078,103079],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,103080,103081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103082,103083],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103084,11458],{"class":3502},[20,103086,103087,103088,1155],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103089,734],{},[35,103091,103093],{"className":37,"code":103092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103094,103095,103127,103145,103149],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103096,103097,103099,103101,103103,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119,103121,103123,103125],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103098,51],{"class":50},[44,103100,55],{"class":54},[44,103102,10141],{"class":58},[44,103104,63],{"class":62},[44,103106,67],{"class":66},[44,103108,63],{"class":62},[44,103110,72],{"class":58},[44,103112,75],{"class":62},[44,103114,78],{"class":66},[44,103116,63],{"class":62},[44,103118,72],{"class":58},[44,103120,75],{"class":62},[44,103122,87],{"class":66},[44,103124,63],{"class":62},[44,103126,8959],{"class":58},[44,103128,103129,103131,103133,103135,103137,103139,103141,103143],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103130,734],{"class":50},[44,103132,114],{"class":58},[44,103134,102538],{"class":117},[44,103136,121],{"class":58},[44,103138,63],{"class":62},[44,103140,78],{"class":66},[44,103142,63],{"class":62},[44,103144,100],{"class":58},[44,103146,103147],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103148,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103150,103151,103153,103155,103157],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,103152,136],{"class":135},[44,103154,121],{"class":58},[44,103156,734],{"class":117},[44,103158,100],{"class":58},[20,103160,247],{},[35,103162,103164],{"className":37,"code":103163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103165,103166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103167,103168,103170,103172,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103169,8928],{"class":58},[44,103171,2948],{"class":62},[44,103173,67],{"class":66},[44,103175,2948],{"class":62},[44,103177,72],{"class":58},[44,103179,2943],{"class":62},[44,103181,87],{"class":66},[44,103183,2948],{"class":62},[44,103185,8959],{"class":58},[30,103187,11124],{"id":11123},[20,103189,103190],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[35,103192,103194],{"className":37,"code":103193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103195,103196,103228,103232,103250,103254,103272,103276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103197,103198,103200,103202,103204,103206,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224,103226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103199,1200],{"class":50},[44,103201,55],{"class":54},[44,103203,10141],{"class":58},[44,103205,63],{"class":62},[44,103207,1209],{"class":66},[44,103209,63],{"class":62},[44,103211,72],{"class":58},[44,103213,75],{"class":62},[44,103215,1218],{"class":66},[44,103217,63],{"class":62},[44,103219,72],{"class":58},[44,103221,75],{"class":62},[44,103223,1227],{"class":66},[44,103225,63],{"class":62},[44,103227,8959],{"class":58},[44,103229,103230],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103231,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103233,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246,103248],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103235,136],{"class":135},[44,103237,121],{"class":58},[44,103239,63],{"class":62},[44,103241,11213],{"class":66},[44,103243,63],{"class":62},[44,103245,72],{"class":58},[44,103247,52487],{"class":117},[44,103249,100],{"class":58},[44,103251,103252],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,103253,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103255,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268,103270],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,103257,1244],{"class":50},[44,103259,114],{"class":58},[44,103261,102538],{"class":117},[44,103263,121],{"class":58},[44,103265,63],{"class":62},[44,103267,1218],{"class":66},[44,103269,63],{"class":62},[44,103271,100],{"class":58},[44,103273,103274],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,103275,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103277,103278,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,103279,136],{"class":135},[44,103281,121],{"class":58},[44,103283,63],{"class":62},[44,103285,11253],{"class":66},[44,103287,63],{"class":62},[44,103289,72],{"class":58},[44,103291,52487],{"class":117},[44,103293,100],{"class":58},[20,103295,247],{},[35,103297,103299],{"className":37,"code":103298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103300,103301,103333],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103302,103303,103305,103307,103309,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103304,11273],{"class":50},[44,103306,1155],{"class":58},[44,103308,10141],{"class":58},[44,103310,2948],{"class":62},[44,103312,1218],{"class":66},[44,103314,2948],{"class":62},[44,103316,72],{"class":58},[44,103318,2943],{"class":62},[44,103320,1209],{"class":66},[44,103322,2948],{"class":62},[44,103324,72],{"class":58},[44,103326,2943],{"class":62},[44,103328,1227],{"class":66},[44,103330,2948],{"class":62},[44,103332,8959],{"class":58},[44,103334,103335,103337,103339,103341,103343,103345,103347,103349,103351,103353,103355],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103336,11326],{"class":50},[44,103338,1155],{"class":58},[44,103340,10141],{"class":58},[44,103342,2948],{"class":62},[44,103344,1209],{"class":66},[44,103346,2948],{"class":62},[44,103348,72],{"class":58},[44,103350,2943],{"class":62},[44,103352,1227],{"class":66},[44,103354,2948],{"class":62},[44,103356,8959],{"class":58},[20,103358,103359],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[30,103361,103363],{"id":103362},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103365,103366,103367,103369],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103368,102471],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[35,103371,103373],{"className":37,"code":103372,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103374,103375,103407,103411,103429,103433],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103376,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385,103387,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403,103405],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103378,1200],{"class":50},[44,103380,55],{"class":54},[44,103382,10141],{"class":58},[44,103384,63],{"class":62},[44,103386,1209],{"class":66},[44,103388,63],{"class":62},[44,103390,72],{"class":58},[44,103392,75],{"class":62},[44,103394,1218],{"class":66},[44,103396,63],{"class":62},[44,103398,72],{"class":58},[44,103400,75],{"class":62},[44,103402,1227],{"class":66},[44,103404,63],{"class":62},[44,103406,8959],{"class":58},[44,103408,103409],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103410,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103412,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423,103425,103427],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103414,1244],{"class":50},[44,103416,114],{"class":58},[44,103418,102538],{"class":117},[44,103420,121],{"class":58},[44,103422,63],{"class":62},[44,103424,22172],{"class":66},[44,103426,63],{"class":62},[44,103428,100],{"class":58},[44,103430,103431],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,103432,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103434,103435,103437,103439,103441],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,103436,136],{"class":135},[44,103438,121],{"class":58},[44,103440,1244],{"class":117},[44,103442,100],{"class":58},[20,103444,247],{},[35,103446,103448],{"className":37,"code":103447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103449,103450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103451,103452,103454,103456,103458,103460,103462,103464,103466,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103453,8928],{"class":58},[44,103455,2948],{"class":62},[44,103457,1218],{"class":66},[44,103459,2948],{"class":62},[44,103461,72],{"class":58},[44,103463,2943],{"class":62},[44,103465,1209],{"class":66},[44,103467,2948],{"class":62},[44,103469,72],{"class":58},[44,103471,2943],{"class":62},[44,103473,1227],{"class":66},[44,103475,2948],{"class":62},[44,103477,8959],{"class":58},[20,103479,103480],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103482,103483],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[35,103485,103487],{"className":37,"code":103486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103488,103489,103505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103490,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499,103501,103503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103492,806],{"class":805},[44,103494,75],{"class":62},[44,103496,22172],{"class":66},[44,103498,63],{"class":62},[44,103500,815],{"class":54},[44,103502,52487],{"class":50},[44,103504,820],{"class":58},[44,103506,103507,103510,103512,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103508,103509],{"class":50},"    fruits",[44,103511,114],{"class":58},[44,103513,34436],{"class":117},[44,103515,121],{"class":58},[44,103517,63],{"class":62},[44,103519,22172],{"class":66},[44,103521,63],{"class":62},[44,103523,100],{"class":58},[20,103525,103526,103527,103529],{},"With ",[15,103528,102471],{},", you can simply write:",[35,103531,103533],{"className":37,"code":103532,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103534,103535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103536,103537,103539,103541,103543,103545,103547,103549,103551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103538,1244],{"class":50},[44,103540,114],{"class":58},[44,103542,102538],{"class":117},[44,103544,121],{"class":58},[44,103546,63],{"class":62},[44,103548,22172],{"class":66},[44,103550,63],{"class":62},[44,103552,100],{"class":58},[30,103554,4609,103556],{"id":103555},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103557,102471],{},[20,103559,651,103560,654],{},[15,103561,102471],{},[169,103563,103564,103567,103570],{},[172,103565,103566],{},"Missing values are normal",[172,103568,103569],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[172,103571,103572],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103574,103575],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[30,103577,1299],{"id":1298},[20,103579,8096,103580,114],{},[15,103581,102471],{},[338,103583,1312,103585,103587],{"id":103584},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103586,102471],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103589,4175],{},[35,103591,103593],{"className":37,"code":103592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103594,103595,103615,103633,103637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103596,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607,103609,103611,103613],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103598,199],{"class":50},[44,103600,55],{"class":54},[44,103602,10141],{"class":58},[44,103604,1133],{"class":206},[44,103606,72],{"class":58},[44,103608,488],{"class":206},[44,103610,72],{"class":58},[44,103612,524],{"class":206},[44,103614,8959],{"class":58},[44,103616,103617,103619,103621,103623,103625,103627,103629,103631],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103618,199],{"class":50},[44,103620,55],{"class":54},[44,103622,3912],{"class":50},[44,103624,114],{"class":58},[44,103626,102538],{"class":117},[44,103628,121],{"class":58},[44,103630,1137],{"class":206},[44,103632,100],{"class":58},[44,103634,103635],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103636,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103638,103639,103641,103643,103645],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,103640,136],{"class":135},[44,103642,121],{"class":58},[44,103644,232],{"class":117},[44,103646,100],{"class":58},[20,103648,103649,41791,103651,8250,103653,2044,103655,114],{},[15,103650,232],{},[15,103652,3428],{},[15,103654,102471],{},[15,103656,3428],{},[20,103658,18483],{},[35,103660,103662],{"className":37,"code":103661,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103663,103664,103684,103698,103702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103665,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103667,199],{"class":50},[44,103669,55],{"class":54},[44,103671,10141],{"class":58},[44,103673,1133],{"class":206},[44,103675,72],{"class":58},[44,103677,488],{"class":206},[44,103679,72],{"class":58},[44,103681,524],{"class":206},[44,103683,8959],{"class":58},[44,103685,103686,103688,103690,103692,103694,103696],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103687,232],{"class":50},[44,103689,114],{"class":58},[44,103691,102538],{"class":117},[44,103693,121],{"class":58},[44,103695,1137],{"class":206},[44,103697,100],{"class":58},[44,103699,103700],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103701,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,103703,103704,103706,103708,103710],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,103705,136],{"class":135},[44,103707,121],{"class":58},[44,103709,232],{"class":117},[44,103711,100],{"class":58},[338,103713,1330,103715,8354,103717],{"id":103714},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103716,102471],{},[15,103718,55165],{},[20,103720,103721,103722,114],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103723,102471],{},[35,103725,103727],{"className":37,"code":103726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103728,103729,103761,103782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103730,103731,103733,103735,103737,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755,103757,103759],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103732,382],{"class":50},[44,103734,55],{"class":54},[44,103736,10141],{"class":58},[44,103738,63],{"class":62},[44,103740,270],{"class":66},[44,103742,63],{"class":62},[44,103744,72],{"class":58},[44,103746,75],{"class":62},[44,103748,399],{"class":66},[44,103750,63],{"class":62},[44,103752,72],{"class":58},[44,103754,75],{"class":62},[44,103756,408],{"class":66},[44,103758,63],{"class":62},[44,103760,8959],{"class":58},[44,103762,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103764,444],{"class":50},[44,103766,114],{"class":58},[44,103768,102538],{"class":117},[44,103770,121],{"class":58},[44,103772,63],{"class":62},[44,103774,21717],{"class":66},[44,103776,63],{"class":62},[44,103778,144],{"class":58},[44,103780,103781],{"class":147},"   # safe\n",[44,103783,103784,103786,103788,103790],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103785,136],{"class":135},[44,103787,121],{"class":58},[44,103789,444],{"class":117},[44,103791,100],{"class":58},[20,103793,103794,103795,45546,103798,114],{},"If you use ",[15,103796,103797],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103799,19330],{},[338,103801,25256,103803,103805],{"id":103802},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103804,102471],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103807,103808,101824],{},[15,103809,102471],{},[20,103811,16291],{},[35,103813,103815],{"className":37,"code":103814,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103816,103817,103837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103818,103819,103821,103823,103825,103827,103829,103831,103833,103835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103820,7429],{"class":50},[44,103822,55],{"class":54},[44,103824,3273],{"class":58},[44,103826,1133],{"class":206},[44,103828,72],{"class":58},[44,103830,488],{"class":206},[44,103832,72],{"class":58},[44,103834,524],{"class":206},[44,103836,3286],{"class":58},[44,103838,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103840,7458],{"class":50},[44,103842,114],{"class":58},[44,103844,102538],{"class":117},[44,103846,121],{"class":58},[44,103848,1137],{"class":206},[44,103850,100],{"class":58},[20,103852,103853,103854,1155],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103855,102471],{},[35,103857,103859],{"className":37,"code":103858,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103860,103861,103881,103895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103862,103863,103865,103867,103869,103871,103873,103875,103877,103879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103864,7429],{"class":50},[44,103866,55],{"class":54},[44,103868,10141],{"class":58},[44,103870,1133],{"class":206},[44,103872,72],{"class":58},[44,103874,488],{"class":206},[44,103876,72],{"class":58},[44,103878,524],{"class":206},[44,103880,8959],{"class":58},[44,103882,103883,103885,103887,103889,103891,103893],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103884,7458],{"class":50},[44,103886,114],{"class":58},[44,103888,102538],{"class":117},[44,103890,121],{"class":58},[44,103892,1137],{"class":206},[44,103894,100],{"class":58},[44,103896,103897,103899,103901,103903],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103898,136],{"class":135},[44,103900,121],{"class":58},[44,103902,7458],{"class":117},[44,103904,100],{"class":58},[338,103906,103908],{"id":103907},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103910,103911],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103913,2480],{},[35,103915,103917],{"className":37,"code":103916,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103918,103919,103939],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103920,103921,103923,103925,103927,103929,103931,103933,103935,103937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103922,8816],{"class":50},[44,103924,55],{"class":54},[44,103926,10141],{"class":58},[44,103928,1133],{"class":206},[44,103930,72],{"class":58},[44,103932,488],{"class":206},[44,103934,72],{"class":58},[44,103936,524],{"class":206},[44,103938,8959],{"class":58},[44,103940,103941,103943,103945,103947,103949,103951],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103942,8855],{"class":50},[44,103944,114],{"class":58},[44,103946,102538],{"class":117},[44,103948,2631],{"class":58},[44,103950,1137],{"class":206},[44,103952,3538],{"class":58},[20,103954,103955],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[30,103957,8522],{"id":8521},[20,103959,8525,103960,103962],{},[15,103961,102471],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[35,103964,103966],{"className":37,"code":103965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103967,103968,103978,103992,104006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,103969,103970,103972,103974,103976],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,103971,136],{"class":135},[44,103973,121],{"class":58},[44,103975,15314],{"class":117},[44,103977,100],{"class":58},[44,103979,103980,103982,103984,103986,103988,103990],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,103981,136],{"class":135},[44,103983,121],{"class":58},[44,103985,2868],{"class":2546},[44,103987,121],{"class":58},[44,103989,15314],{"class":117},[44,103991,244],{"class":58},[44,103993,103994,103996,103998,104000,104002,104004],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,103995,136],{"class":135},[44,103997,121],{"class":58},[44,103999,1380],{"class":117},[44,104001,1383],{"class":805},[44,104003,96541],{"class":117},[44,104005,100],{"class":58},[44,104007,104008,104010,104012,104014,104016,104018],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,104009,31793],{"class":135},[44,104011,121],{"class":58},[44,104013,5935],{"class":2546},[44,104015,114],{"class":58},[44,104017,102538],{"class":24390},[44,104019,100],{"class":58},[20,104021,10820],{},[169,104023,104024,104027,104030,104033],{},[172,104025,104026],{},"What is currently in the set",[172,104028,104029],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[172,104031,104032],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[172,104034,104035],{},"How Python documents the method",[30,104037,1497],{"id":1496},[338,104039,104041],{"id":104040},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104043,104044,104045,104047],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104046,102471],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[338,104049,1501,104051,1504],{"id":104050},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104052,102476],{},[20,104054,4796,104055,104057],{},[15,104056,3428],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[338,104059,4828,104061,898,104063,1547],{"id":104060},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104062,102471],{},[15,104064,55165],{},[20,104066,104067,104068,26178,104070,104072,104073,104075],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104069,55165],{},[15,104071,19330],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104074,102471],{}," does not.",[338,104077,27967,104079,104081],{"id":104078},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104080,102471],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104083,46003,104084,104086],{},[15,104085,102471],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[30,104088,1554],{"id":1553},[169,104090,104091,104097,104103,104108,104112],{},[172,104092,104093],{},[270,104094,96431,104095,1180],{"href":97826},[15,104096,55165],{},[172,104098,104099],{},[270,104100,96431,104101,1180],{"href":97831},[15,104102,12413],{},[172,104104,104105],{},[270,104106,104107],{"href":97500},"Python set: creating a set",[172,104109,104110],{},[270,104111,99966],{"href":98408},[172,104113,104114],{},[270,104115,10912],{"href":10724},[1583,104117,104118],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":104120},[104121,104122,104124,104127,104132,104133,104134,104135,104137,104146,104147,104156],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":102648,"depth":103,"text":104123},"What set.discard() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":104125},[104126],{"id":102721,"depth":132,"text":102722},{"id":102801,"depth":103,"text":104128,"children":104129},"What makes discard() different",[104130],{"id":102840,"depth":132,"text":104131},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":531,"depth":103,"text":532},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":103362,"depth":103,"text":103363},{"id":103555,"depth":103,"text":104136},"When to use discard()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":104138},[104139,104141,104143,104145],{"id":103584,"depth":132,"text":104140},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103714,"depth":132,"text":104142},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103802,"depth":132,"text":104144},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103907,"depth":132,"text":103908},{"id":8521,"depth":103,"text":8522},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":104148},[104149,104150,104152,104154],{"id":104040,"depth":132,"text":104041},{"id":104050,"depth":132,"text":104151},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104060,"depth":132,"text":104153},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104078,"depth":132,"text":104155},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102463,"description":104157},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104164,"title":104165,"body":104166,"description":106171,"extension":1616,"meta":106172,"navigation":434,"path":106173,"seo":106174,"stem":106175,"__hash__":106176},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104167,"toc":106129},[104168,104171,104179,104184,104195,104197,104252,104256,104276,104281,104285,104290,104292,104306,104308,104383,104385,104418,104423,104428,104430,104432,104447,104450,104458,104463,104478,104480,104569,104571,104660,104666,104670,104672,104710,104712,104736,104739,104754,104756,104811,104813,104846,104848,104853,104857,104861,104866,104931,104933,104953,104959,104963,105020,105022,105043,105047,105052,105097,105099,105132,105135,105139,105172,105174,105203,105207,105211,105214,105216,105235,105237,105283,105288,105302,105304,105335,105340,105343,105387,105389,105417,105421,105425,105441,105444,105509,105511,105523,105526,105530,105533,105538,105566,105568,105586,105592,105631,105633,105651,105657,105686,105688,105706,105709,105726,105728,105732,105736,105739,105765,105772,105777,105792,105801,105805,105808,105839,105845,105848,105857,105860,105862,105864,105922,105925,105950,105952,105956,105959,105963,105971,105975,105978,105982,105985,105987,106010,106012,106053,106060,106068,106071,106102,106104,106126],[10,104169,104165],{"id":104170},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104172,8773,104173,104175,104176,114],{},[15,104174,3447],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[367,104177,104178],{},"unique values only",[20,104180,35048,104181,104183],{},[15,104182,3447],{}," to:",[169,104185,104186,104189,104192],{},[172,104187,104188],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[172,104190,104191],{},"check whether a value exists",[172,104193,104194],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[30,104196,33],{"id":32},[35,104198,104200],{"className":37,"code":104199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104201,104202,104226,104241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104203,104204,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216,104218,104220,104222,104224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104205,199],{"class":50},[44,104207,55],{"class":54},[44,104209,3273],{"class":58},[44,104211,1133],{"class":206},[44,104213,72],{"class":58},[44,104215,488],{"class":206},[44,104217,72],{"class":58},[44,104219,488],{"class":206},[44,104221,72],{"class":58},[44,104223,524],{"class":206},[44,104225,3286],{"class":58},[44,104227,104228,104231,104233,104235,104237,104239],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104229,104230],{"class":50},"unique_numbers ",[44,104232,55],{"class":54},[44,104234,15281],{"class":2546},[44,104236,121],{"class":58},[44,104238,232],{"class":117},[44,104240,100],{"class":58},[44,104242,104243,104245,104247,104250],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104244,136],{"class":135},[44,104246,121],{"class":58},[44,104248,104249],{"class":117},"unique_numbers",[44,104251,100],{"class":58},[20,104253,104254],{},[367,104255,247],{},[35,104257,104258],{"className":37,"code":96224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104259,104260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104261,104262,104264,104266,104268,104270,104272,104274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104263,8928],{"class":58},[44,104265,1133],{"class":206},[44,104267,72],{"class":58},[44,104269,488],{"class":206},[44,104271,72],{"class":58},[44,104273,524],{"class":206},[44,104275,8959],{"class":58},[20,104277,651,104278,104280],{},[15,104279,3447],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[30,104282,104284],{"id":104283},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104286,104287,104289],{},[15,104288,3447],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104291,30180],{},[169,104293,104294,104297,104300,104303],{},[172,104295,104296],{},"A set stores unique items only",[172,104298,104299],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[172,104301,104302],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[172,104304,104305],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104307,189],{},[35,104309,104311],{"className":37,"code":104310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104312,104313,104353,104368,104372],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104314,104315,104317,104319,104321,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349,104351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104316,51],{"class":50},[44,104318,55],{"class":54},[44,104320,3273],{"class":58},[44,104322,63],{"class":62},[44,104324,67],{"class":66},[44,104326,63],{"class":62},[44,104328,72],{"class":58},[44,104330,75],{"class":62},[44,104332,78],{"class":66},[44,104334,63],{"class":62},[44,104336,72],{"class":58},[44,104338,75],{"class":62},[44,104340,67],{"class":66},[44,104342,63],{"class":62},[44,104344,72],{"class":58},[44,104346,75],{"class":62},[44,104348,87],{"class":66},[44,104350,63],{"class":62},[44,104352,3286],{"class":58},[44,104354,104355,104358,104360,104362,104364,104366],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104356,104357],{"class":50},"unique_colors ",[44,104359,55],{"class":54},[44,104361,15281],{"class":2546},[44,104363,121],{"class":58},[44,104365,734],{"class":117},[44,104367,100],{"class":58},[44,104369,104370],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104371,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,104373,104374,104376,104378,104381],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,104375,136],{"class":135},[44,104377,121],{"class":58},[44,104379,104380],{"class":117},"unique_colors",[44,104382,100],{"class":58},[20,104384,29669],{},[35,104386,104388],{"className":37,"code":104387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104389,104390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104391,104392,104394,104396,104398,104400,104402,104404,104406,104408,104410,104412,104414,104416],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104393,8928],{"class":58},[44,104395,2948],{"class":62},[44,104397,78],{"class":66},[44,104399,2948],{"class":62},[44,104401,72],{"class":58},[44,104403,2943],{"class":62},[44,104405,87],{"class":66},[44,104407,2948],{"class":62},[44,104409,72],{"class":58},[44,104411,2943],{"class":62},[44,104413,67],{"class":66},[44,104415,2948],{"class":62},[44,104417,8959],{"class":58},[20,104419,1933,104420,104422],{},[15,104421,65018],{}," appears only once.",[20,104424,104425,104426,114],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[270,104427,95945],{"href":95944},[30,104429,277],{"id":276},[20,104431,1809],{},[35,104433,104435],{"className":37,"code":104434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104436,104437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104438,104439,104441,104443,104445],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104440,5935],{"class":2546},[44,104442,121],{"class":58},[44,104444,3370],{"class":117},[44,104446,100],{"class":58},[20,104448,104449],{},"The argument is optional.",[169,104451,104452,104455],{},[172,104453,104454],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[172,104456,104457],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104459,104460,104461,1155],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104462,3447],{},[169,104464,104465,104467,104469,104471,104475],{},[172,104466,7742],{},[172,104468,48591],{},[172,104470,60805],{},[172,104472,104473],{},[15,104474,35837],{},[172,104476,104477],{},"another set",[20,104479,1776],{},[35,104481,104483],{"className":37,"code":104482,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104484,104485,104511,104533,104551],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104486,104487,104489,104491,104493,104495,104497,104499,104501,104503,104505,104507,104509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104488,136],{"class":135},[44,104490,121],{"class":58},[44,104492,5935],{"class":2546},[44,104494,2631],{"class":58},[44,104496,1133],{"class":206},[44,104498,72],{"class":58},[44,104500,488],{"class":206},[44,104502,72],{"class":58},[44,104504,488],{"class":206},[44,104506,72],{"class":58},[44,104508,524],{"class":206},[44,104510,2644],{"class":58},[44,104512,104513,104515,104517,104519,104521,104523,104525,104527,104529,104531],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104514,136],{"class":135},[44,104516,121],{"class":58},[44,104518,5935],{"class":2546},[44,104520,5158],{"class":58},[44,104522,207],{"class":206},[44,104524,72],{"class":58},[44,104526,212],{"class":206},[44,104528,72],{"class":58},[44,104530,934],{"class":206},[44,104532,2557],{"class":58},[44,104534,104535,104537,104539,104541,104543,104545,104547,104549],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104536,136],{"class":135},[44,104538,121],{"class":58},[44,104540,5935],{"class":2546},[44,104542,121],{"class":58},[44,104544,63],{"class":62},[44,104546,3495],{"class":66},[44,104548,63],{"class":62},[44,104550,244],{"class":58},[44,104552,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,104554,136],{"class":135},[44,104556,121],{"class":58},[44,104558,5935],{"class":2546},[44,104560,121],{"class":58},[44,104562,59631],{"class":135},[44,104564,121],{"class":58},[44,104566,1145],{"class":206},[44,104568,2557],{"class":58},[20,104570,29669],{},[35,104572,104574],{"className":37,"code":104573,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104575,104576,104592,104604,104640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104577,104578,104580,104582,104584,104586,104588,104590],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104579,8928],{"class":58},[44,104581,1133],{"class":206},[44,104583,72],{"class":58},[44,104585,488],{"class":206},[44,104587,72],{"class":58},[44,104589,524],{"class":206},[44,104591,8959],{"class":58},[44,104593,104594,104596,104598,104600,104602],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104595,8928],{"class":58},[44,104597,207],{"class":206},[44,104599,72],{"class":58},[44,104601,212],{"class":206},[44,104603,8959],{"class":58},[44,104605,104606,104608,104610,104612,104614,104616,104618,104620,104622,104624,104626,104628,104630,104632,104634,104636,104638],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104607,8928],{"class":58},[44,104609,2948],{"class":62},[44,104611,60071],{"class":66},[44,104613,2948],{"class":62},[44,104615,72],{"class":58},[44,104617,2943],{"class":62},[44,104619,60080],{"class":66},[44,104621,2948],{"class":62},[44,104623,72],{"class":58},[44,104625,2943],{"class":62},[44,104627,60089],{"class":66},[44,104629,2948],{"class":62},[44,104631,72],{"class":58},[44,104633,2943],{"class":62},[44,104635,60106],{"class":66},[44,104637,2948],{"class":62},[44,104639,8959],{"class":58},[44,104641,104642,104644,104646,104648,104650,104652,104654,104656,104658],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,104643,8928],{"class":58},[44,104645,186],{"class":206},[44,104647,72],{"class":58},[44,104649,519],{"class":206},[44,104651,72],{"class":58},[44,104653,488],{"class":206},[44,104655,72],{"class":58},[44,104657,524],{"class":206},[44,104659,8959],{"class":58},[20,104661,104662,104663,114],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[270,104664,104665],{"href":64479},"Python list() function explained",[30,104667,104669],{"id":104668},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104671,97897],{},[35,104673,104674],{"className":37,"code":98862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104675,104676,104686,104696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104677,104678,104680,104682,104684],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104679,97907],{"class":50},[44,104681,55],{"class":54},[44,104683,15281],{"class":2546},[44,104685,8292],{"class":58},[44,104687,104688,104690,104692,104694],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104689,136],{"class":135},[44,104691,121],{"class":58},[44,104693,97926],{"class":117},[44,104695,100],{"class":58},[44,104697,104698,104700,104702,104704,104706,104708],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104699,136],{"class":135},[44,104701,121],{"class":58},[44,104703,2868],{"class":2546},[44,104705,121],{"class":58},[44,104707,97926],{"class":117},[44,104709,244],{"class":58},[20,104711,247],{},[35,104713,104714],{"className":37,"code":98905,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104715,104716,104722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104717,104718,104720],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104719,5935],{"class":2546},[44,104721,8292],{"class":58},[44,104723,104724,104726,104728,104730,104732,104734],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104725,2937],{"class":54},[44,104727,2940],{"class":1716},[44,104729,2943],{"class":62},[44,104731,5935],{"class":66},[44,104733,2948],{"class":62},[44,104735,2951],{"class":54},[20,104737,104738],{},"This is important because:",[169,104740,104741,104746],{},[172,104742,104743,104745],{},[15,104744,3447],{}," creates an empty set",[172,104747,104748,104750,104751,104753],{},[15,104749,3442],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[367,104752,881],{}," a set",[20,104755,189],{},[35,104757,104759],{"className":37,"code":104758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104760,104761,104771,104779,104783,104797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104762,104763,104765,104767,104769],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104764,2198],{"class":50},[44,104766,55],{"class":54},[44,104768,15281],{"class":2546},[44,104770,8292],{"class":58},[44,104772,104773,104775,104777],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104774,2226],{"class":50},[44,104776,55],{"class":54},[44,104778,9488],{"class":58},[44,104780,104781],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104782,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,104784,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,104786,136],{"class":135},[44,104788,121],{"class":58},[44,104790,2868],{"class":2546},[44,104792,121],{"class":58},[44,104794,270],{"class":117},[44,104796,244],{"class":58},[44,104798,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807,104809],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,104800,136],{"class":135},[44,104802,121],{"class":58},[44,104804,2868],{"class":2546},[44,104806,121],{"class":58},[44,104808,399],{"class":117},[44,104810,244],{"class":58},[20,104812,247],{},[35,104814,104816],{"className":37,"code":104815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104817,104818,104832],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104819,104820,104822,104824,104826,104828,104830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104821,2937],{"class":54},[44,104823,2940],{"class":1716},[44,104825,2943],{"class":62},[44,104827,5935],{"class":66},[44,104829,2948],{"class":62},[44,104831,2951],{"class":54},[44,104833,104834,104836,104838,104840,104842,104844],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104835,2937],{"class":54},[44,104837,2940],{"class":1716},[44,104839,2943],{"class":62},[44,104841,8471],{"class":66},[44,104843,2948],{"class":62},[44,104845,2951],{"class":54},[20,104847,13697],{},[20,104849,104850,104851,114],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[270,104852,104107],{"href":95948},[30,104854,104856],{"id":104855},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[338,104858,104860],{"id":104859},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104862,104863,104864,114],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104865,3447],{},[35,104867,104869],{"className":37,"code":104868,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104870,104871,104903,104917,104921],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104872,104873,104875,104877,104879,104881,104883,104885,104887,104889,104891,104893,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104874,199],{"class":50},[44,104876,55],{"class":54},[44,104878,3273],{"class":58},[44,104880,1133],{"class":206},[44,104882,72],{"class":58},[44,104884,488],{"class":206},[44,104886,72],{"class":58},[44,104888,488],{"class":206},[44,104890,72],{"class":58},[44,104892,524],{"class":206},[44,104894,72],{"class":58},[44,104896,524],{"class":206},[44,104898,72],{"class":58},[44,104900,524],{"class":206},[44,104902,3286],{"class":58},[44,104904,104905,104907,104909,104911,104913,104915],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104906,604],{"class":50},[44,104908,55],{"class":54},[44,104910,15281],{"class":2546},[44,104912,121],{"class":58},[44,104914,232],{"class":117},[44,104916,100],{"class":58},[44,104918,104919],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,104920,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,104922,104923,104925,104927,104929],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,104924,136],{"class":135},[44,104926,121],{"class":58},[44,104928,632],{"class":117},[44,104930,100],{"class":58},[20,104932,247],{},[35,104934,104935],{"className":37,"code":96224,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,104936,104937],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104938,104939,104941,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104940,8928],{"class":58},[44,104942,1133],{"class":206},[44,104944,72],{"class":58},[44,104946,488],{"class":206},[44,104948,72],{"class":58},[44,104950,524],{"class":206},[44,104952,8959],{"class":58},[20,104954,104955,104956,114],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[270,104957,98695],{"href":104958},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[338,104960,104962],{"id":104961},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[35,104964,104966],{"className":37,"code":104965,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104967,104968,104992,105006,105010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,104969,104970,104972,104974,104976,104978,104980,104982,104984,104986,104988,104990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,104971,922],{"class":50},[44,104973,55],{"class":54},[44,104975,59],{"class":58},[44,104977,929],{"class":206},[44,104979,72],{"class":58},[44,104981,939],{"class":206},[44,104983,72],{"class":58},[44,104985,934],{"class":206},[44,104987,72],{"class":58},[44,104989,37573],{"class":206},[44,104991,100],{"class":58},[44,104993,104994,104996,104998,105000,105002,105004],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,104995,604],{"class":50},[44,104997,55],{"class":54},[44,104999,15281],{"class":2546},[44,105001,121],{"class":58},[44,105003,962],{"class":117},[44,105005,100],{"class":58},[44,105007,105008],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105009,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,105011,105012,105014,105016,105018],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,105013,136],{"class":135},[44,105015,121],{"class":58},[44,105017,632],{"class":117},[44,105019,100],{"class":58},[20,105021,247],{},[35,105023,105025],{"className":37,"code":105024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105026,105027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105028,105029,105031,105033,105035,105037,105039,105041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105030,8928],{"class":58},[44,105032,929],{"class":206},[44,105034,72],{"class":58},[44,105036,934],{"class":206},[44,105038,72],{"class":58},[44,105040,37573],{"class":206},[44,105042,8959],{"class":58},[338,105044,105046],{"id":105045},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105048,50763,105049,105051],{},[15,105050,3447],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[35,105053,105055],{"className":37,"code":105054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105056,105057,105069,105083,105087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105058,105059,105061,105063,105065,105067],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105060,34329],{"class":50},[44,105062,55],{"class":54},[44,105064,75],{"class":62},[44,105066,1218],{"class":66},[44,105068,3007],{"class":62},[44,105070,105071,105073,105075,105077,105079,105081],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105072,604],{"class":50},[44,105074,55],{"class":54},[44,105076,15281],{"class":2546},[44,105078,121],{"class":58},[44,105080,34350],{"class":117},[44,105082,100],{"class":58},[44,105084,105085],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105086,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,105088,105089,105091,105093,105095],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,105090,136],{"class":135},[44,105092,121],{"class":58},[44,105094,632],{"class":117},[44,105096,100],{"class":58},[20,105098,29669],{},[35,105100,105102],{"className":37,"code":105101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105103,105104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105105,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114,105116,105118,105120,105122,105124,105126,105128,105130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105107,8928],{"class":58},[44,105109,2948],{"class":62},[44,105111,399],{"class":66},[44,105113,2948],{"class":62},[44,105115,72],{"class":58},[44,105117,2943],{"class":62},[44,105119,270],{"class":66},[44,105121,2948],{"class":62},[44,105123,72],{"class":58},[44,105125,2943],{"class":62},[44,105127,75647],{"class":66},[44,105129,2948],{"class":62},[44,105131,8959],{"class":58},[20,105133,105134],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[338,105136,105138],{"id":105137},"from-range","From range()",[35,105140,105142],{"className":37,"code":105141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105143,105144,105162],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105145,105146,105148,105150,105152,105154,105156,105158,105160],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105147,604],{"class":50},[44,105149,55],{"class":54},[44,105151,15281],{"class":2546},[44,105153,121],{"class":58},[44,105155,59631],{"class":135},[44,105157,121],{"class":58},[44,105159,929],{"class":206},[44,105161,244],{"class":58},[44,105163,105164,105166,105168,105170],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105165,136],{"class":135},[44,105167,121],{"class":58},[44,105169,632],{"class":117},[44,105171,100],{"class":58},[20,105173,247],{},[35,105175,105177],{"className":37,"code":105176,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105178,105179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105180,105181,105183,105185,105187,105189,105191,105193,105195,105197,105199,105201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105182,8928],{"class":58},[44,105184,186],{"class":206},[44,105186,72],{"class":58},[44,105188,519],{"class":206},[44,105190,72],{"class":58},[44,105192,488],{"class":206},[44,105194,72],{"class":58},[44,105196,524],{"class":206},[44,105198,72],{"class":58},[44,105200,1114],{"class":206},[44,105202,8959],{"class":58},[30,105204,105206],{"id":105205},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105208,99142,105209,114],{},[367,105210,95988],{},[20,105212,105213],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105215,99148],{},[169,105217,105218,105222,105226,105230],{},[172,105219,105220],{},[15,105221,1837],{},[172,105223,105224],{},[15,105225,3092],{},[172,105227,105228],{},[15,105229,1840],{},[172,105231,105232,105234],{},[15,105233,48591],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105236,189],{},[35,105238,105240],{"className":37,"code":105239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105241,105242,105273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105243,105244,105246,105248,105250,105252,105254,105256,105258,105260,105262,105264,105266,105268,105270],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105245,7429],{"class":50},[44,105247,55],{"class":54},[44,105249,10141],{"class":58},[44,105251,1133],{"class":206},[44,105253,72],{"class":58},[44,105255,75],{"class":62},[44,105257,3495],{"class":66},[44,105259,63],{"class":62},[44,105261,72],{"class":58},[44,105263,59],{"class":58},[44,105265,207],{"class":206},[44,105267,72],{"class":58},[44,105269,212],{"class":206},[44,105271,105272],{"class":58},")}\n",[44,105274,105275,105277,105279,105281],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105276,136],{"class":135},[44,105278,121],{"class":58},[44,105280,7458],{"class":117},[44,105282,100],{"class":58},[20,105284,99210,105285,105287],{},[367,105286,881],{}," work inside a set:",[169,105289,105290,105294,105298],{},[172,105291,105292],{},[15,105293,7742],{},[172,105295,105296],{},[15,105297,8471],{},[172,105299,105300],{},[15,105301,5935],{},[20,105303,96713],{},[35,105305,105307],{"className":37,"code":105306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105308,105309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105310,105311,105313,105315,105317,105319,105321,105323,105325,105327,105329,105331,105333],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105312,99229],{"class":50},[44,105314,55],{"class":54},[44,105316,99234],{"class":58},[44,105318,1133],{"class":206},[44,105320,72],{"class":58},[44,105322,488],{"class":206},[44,105324,17705],{"class":58},[44,105326,3273],{"class":58},[44,105328,1141],{"class":206},[44,105330,72],{"class":58},[44,105332,1114],{"class":206},[44,105334,13354],{"class":58},[20,105336,1522,105337,105339],{},[15,105338,2650],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105341,105342],{},"A safer example:",[35,105344,105346],{"className":37,"code":105345,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105347,105348,105376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105349,105350,105353,105355,105358,105360,105362,105364,105366,105368,105370,105372,105374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105351,105352],{"class":50},"good_set ",[44,105354,55],{"class":54},[44,105356,105357],{"class":58}," {(",[44,105359,1133],{"class":206},[44,105361,72],{"class":58},[44,105363,488],{"class":206},[44,105365,8884],{"class":58},[44,105367,59],{"class":58},[44,105369,1141],{"class":206},[44,105371,72],{"class":58},[44,105373,1114],{"class":206},[44,105375,105272],{"class":58},[44,105377,105378,105380,105382,105385],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105379,136],{"class":135},[44,105381,121],{"class":58},[44,105383,105384],{"class":117},"good_set",[44,105386,100],{"class":58},[20,105388,247],{},[35,105390,105392],{"className":37,"code":105391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105393,105394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105395,105396,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407,105409,105411,105413,105415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105397,105398],{"class":58},"{(",[44,105400,1133],{"class":206},[44,105402,72],{"class":58},[44,105404,488],{"class":206},[44,105406,8884],{"class":58},[44,105408,59],{"class":58},[44,105410,1141],{"class":206},[44,105412,72],{"class":58},[44,105414,1114],{"class":206},[44,105416,105272],{"class":58},[30,105418,105420],{"id":105419},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105422,651,105423,654],{},[15,105424,3447],{},[169,105426,105427,105430,105435,105438],{},[172,105428,105429],{},"you need unique values only",[172,105431,105432,105433],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105434,1383],{},[172,105436,105437],{},"order does not matter",[172,105439,105440],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105442,105443],{},"Example of membership checking:",[35,105445,105447],{"className":37,"code":105446,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105448,105449,105474,105478,105494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105450,105451,105454,105456,105458,105460,105462,105464,105467,105469,105472],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105452,105453],{"class":50},"allowed_ids ",[44,105455,55],{"class":54},[44,105457,15281],{"class":2546},[44,105459,2631],{"class":58},[44,105461,46230],{"class":206},[44,105463,72],{"class":58},[44,105465,105466],{"class":206}," 102",[44,105468,72],{"class":58},[44,105470,105471],{"class":206}," 103",[44,105473,3538],{"class":58},[44,105475,105476],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105477,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,105479,105480,105482,105484,105487,105489,105492],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105481,136],{"class":135},[44,105483,121],{"class":58},[44,105485,105486],{"class":206},"102",[44,105488,815],{"class":805},[44,105490,105491],{"class":117}," allowed_ids",[44,105493,100],{"class":58},[44,105495,105496,105498,105500,105503,105505,105507],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,105497,136],{"class":135},[44,105499,121],{"class":58},[44,105501,105502],{"class":206},"999",[44,105504,815],{"class":805},[44,105506,105491],{"class":117},[44,105508,100],{"class":58},[20,105510,247],{},[35,105512,105513],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105514,105515,105519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105516,105517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105518,3629],{"class":3502},[44,105520,105521],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105522,3690],{"class":3502},[20,105524,105525],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[30,105527,105529],{"id":105528},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105531,105532],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[338,105534,651,105536,97839],{"id":105535},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105537,3447],{},[35,105539,105540],{"className":37,"code":97900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105541,105542,105552],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105543,105544,105546,105548,105550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105545,97907],{"class":50},[44,105547,55],{"class":54},[44,105549,15281],{"class":2546},[44,105551,8292],{"class":58},[44,105553,105554,105556,105558,105560,105562,105564],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105555,136],{"class":135},[44,105557,121],{"class":58},[44,105559,2868],{"class":2546},[44,105561,121],{"class":58},[44,105563,97926],{"class":117},[44,105565,244],{"class":58},[20,105567,247],{},[35,105569,105570],{"className":37,"code":8502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105571,105572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105575,2937],{"class":54},[44,105577,2940],{"class":1716},[44,105579,2943],{"class":62},[44,105581,5935],{"class":66},[44,105583,2948],{"class":62},[44,105585,2951],{"class":54},[338,105587,651,105589,105591],{"id":105588},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105590,99899],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[35,105593,105595],{"className":37,"code":105594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105596,105597,105617],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105598,105599,105601,105603,105605,105607,105609,105611,105613,105615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105600,199],{"class":50},[44,105602,55],{"class":54},[44,105604,10141],{"class":58},[44,105606,1133],{"class":206},[44,105608,72],{"class":58},[44,105610,488],{"class":206},[44,105612,72],{"class":58},[44,105614,524],{"class":206},[44,105616,8959],{"class":58},[44,105618,105619,105621,105623,105625,105627,105629],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105620,136],{"class":135},[44,105622,121],{"class":58},[44,105624,2868],{"class":2546},[44,105626,121],{"class":58},[44,105628,232],{"class":117},[44,105630,244],{"class":58},[20,105632,247],{},[35,105634,105635],{"className":37,"code":8502,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105636,105637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105638,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105640,2937],{"class":54},[44,105642,2940],{"class":1716},[44,105644,2943],{"class":62},[44,105646,5935],{"class":66},[44,105648,2948],{"class":62},[44,105650,2951],{"class":54},[338,105652,651,105654,105656],{"id":105653},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105655,3442],{}," for an empty dictionary",[35,105658,105660],{"className":37,"code":105659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105661,105662,105671],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105663,105664,105667,105669],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105665,105666],{"class":50},"empty_dict ",[44,105668,55],{"class":54},[44,105670,9488],{"class":58},[44,105672,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681,105684],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105674,136],{"class":135},[44,105676,121],{"class":58},[44,105678,2868],{"class":2546},[44,105680,121],{"class":58},[44,105682,105683],{"class":117},"empty_dict",[44,105685,244],{"class":58},[20,105687,247],{},[35,105689,105690],{"className":37,"code":8458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105691,105692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105693,105694,105696,105698,105700,105702,105704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105695,2937],{"class":54},[44,105697,2940],{"class":1716},[44,105699,2943],{"class":62},[44,105701,8471],{"class":66},[44,105703,2948],{"class":62},[44,105705,2951],{"class":54},[20,105707,105708],{},"So the rule is simple:",[169,105710,105711,105716,105721],{},[172,105712,105713,105715],{},[15,105714,3447],{}," → empty set",[172,105717,105718,105720],{},[15,105719,99899],{}," → non-empty set",[172,105722,105723,105725],{},[15,105724,3442],{}," → empty dictionary",[30,105727,1299],{"id":1298},[20,105729,1302,105730,114],{},[15,105731,3447],{},[338,105733,895,105734,99497],{"id":99494},[15,105735,3442],{},[20,105737,105738],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[35,105740,105741],{"className":37,"code":99503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,105742,105743,105751],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105744,105745,105747,105749],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105746,1380],{"class":50},[44,105748,55],{"class":54},[44,105750,9488],{"class":58},[44,105752,105753,105755,105757,105759,105761,105763],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105754,136],{"class":135},[44,105756,121],{"class":58},[44,105758,2868],{"class":2546},[44,105760,121],{"class":58},[44,105762,302],{"class":117},[44,105764,244],{"class":58},[338,105766,105768,105769],{"id":105767},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105770,105771],{},"set(5)",[20,105773,105774,105776],{},[15,105775,3447],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[35,105778,105780],{"className":37,"code":105779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set(5)\n",[15,105781,105782],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105783,105784,105786,105788,105790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105785,5935],{"class":2546},[44,105787,121],{"class":58},[44,105789,929],{"class":206},[44,105791,100],{"class":58},[20,105793,2647,105794,105796,105797,114],{},[15,105795,2650],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[270,105798,105800],{"href":105799},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[338,105802,105804],{"id":105803},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105806,105807],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[35,105809,105811],{"className":37,"code":105810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105812,105813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105814,105815,105817,105819,105821,105823,105825,105827,105829,105831,105833,105835,105837],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105816,1380],{"class":50},[44,105818,55],{"class":54},[44,105820,99234],{"class":58},[44,105822,1133],{"class":206},[44,105824,72],{"class":58},[44,105826,488],{"class":206},[44,105828,17705],{"class":58},[44,105830,3273],{"class":58},[44,105832,1141],{"class":206},[44,105834,72],{"class":58},[44,105836,1114],{"class":206},[44,105838,13354],{"class":58},[338,105840,1312,105842,105844],{"id":105841},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105843,3447],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105846,105847],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[338,105849,1330,105851,8354,105853,2522,105855],{"id":105850},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105852,3447],{},[15,105854,24421],{},[15,105856,8770],{},[20,105858,105859],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[30,105861,1337],{"id":1336},[20,105863,10763],{},[35,105865,105867],{"className":37,"code":105866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105868,105869,105884,105894,105908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105870,105871,105873,105875,105877,105879,105882],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105872,136],{"class":135},[44,105874,121],{"class":58},[44,105876,2868],{"class":2546},[44,105878,121],{"class":58},[44,105880,105881],{"class":117},"my_value",[44,105883,244],{"class":58},[44,105885,105886,105888,105890,105892],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,105887,136],{"class":135},[44,105889,121],{"class":58},[44,105891,105881],{"class":117},[44,105893,100],{"class":58},[44,105895,105896,105898,105900,105902,105904,105906],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,105897,136],{"class":135},[44,105899,121],{"class":58},[44,105901,7742],{"class":2546},[44,105903,121],{"class":58},[44,105905,15314],{"class":117},[44,105907,244],{"class":58},[44,105909,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918,105920],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,105911,136],{"class":135},[44,105913,121],{"class":58},[44,105915,1365],{"class":135},[44,105917,121],{"class":58},[44,105919,15314],{"class":117},[44,105921,244],{"class":58},[20,105923,105924],{},"What they help you see:",[169,105926,105927,105933,105938,105944],{},[172,105928,105929,105932],{},[15,105930,105931],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[172,105934,105935,90164],{},[15,105936,105937],{},"print(my_value)",[172,105939,105940,105943],{},[15,105941,105942],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[172,105945,105946,105949],{},[15,105947,105948],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[30,105951,1497],{"id":1496},[338,105953,105955],{"id":105954},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105957,105958],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[338,105960,105962],{"id":105961},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105964,651,105965,105967,105968,105970],{},[15,105966,3447],{},". Do not use ",[15,105969,3442],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[338,105972,105974],{"id":105973},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105976,105977],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[338,105979,105981],{"id":105980},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105983,105984],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105986,189],{},[35,105988,105990],{"className":37,"code":105989,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105991,105992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,105993,105994,105996,105998,106000,106002,106004,106006,106008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,105995,136],{"class":135},[44,105997,121],{"class":58},[44,105999,5935],{"class":2546},[44,106001,121],{"class":58},[44,106003,63],{"class":62},[44,106005,1209],{"class":66},[44,106007,63],{"class":62},[44,106009,244],{"class":58},[20,106011,29669],{},[35,106013,106015],{"className":37,"code":106014,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106016,106017],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106018,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029,106031,106033,106035,106037,106039,106041,106043,106045,106047,106049,106051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106020,8928],{"class":58},[44,106022,2948],{"class":62},[44,106024,270],{"class":66},[44,106026,2948],{"class":62},[44,106028,72],{"class":58},[44,106030,2943],{"class":62},[44,106032,20],{"class":66},[44,106034,2948],{"class":62},[44,106036,72],{"class":58},[44,106038,2943],{"class":62},[44,106040,60089],{"class":66},[44,106042,2948],{"class":62},[44,106044,72],{"class":58},[44,106046,2943],{"class":62},[44,106048,60080],{"class":66},[44,106050,2948],{"class":62},[44,106052,8959],{"class":58},[338,106054,4806,106056,106059],{"id":106055},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106057,106058],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106061,106062,28324,106064,106067],{},[15,106063,3447],{},[367,106065,106066],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106069,106070],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[35,106072,106074],{"className":37,"code":106073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106075,106076],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106077,106078,106080,106082,106084,106086,106088,106090,106092,106094,106096,106098,106100],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106079,136],{"class":135},[44,106081,121],{"class":58},[44,106083,5935],{"class":2546},[44,106085,2631],{"class":58},[44,106087,1133],{"class":206},[44,106089,72],{"class":58},[44,106091,488],{"class":206},[44,106093,72],{"class":58},[44,106095,524],{"class":206},[44,106097,72],{"class":58},[44,106099,1114],{"class":206},[44,106101,2644],{"class":58},[30,106103,1554],{"id":1553},[169,106105,106106,106110,106114,106118,106122],{},[172,106107,106108],{},[270,106109,95945],{"href":95944},[172,106111,106112],{},[270,106113,104107],{"href":95948},[172,106115,106116],{},[270,106117,99961],{"href":104958},[172,106119,106120],{},[270,106121,104665],{"href":64479},[172,106123,106124],{},[270,106125,105800],{"href":105799},[1583,106127,106128],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":106130},[106131,106132,106133,106134,106135,106141,106142,106143,106151,106161,106162,106170],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":104283,"depth":103,"text":104284},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":104668,"depth":103,"text":104669},{"id":104855,"depth":103,"text":104856,"children":106136},[106137,106138,106139,106140],{"id":104859,"depth":132,"text":104860},{"id":104961,"depth":132,"text":104962},{"id":105045,"depth":132,"text":105046},{"id":105137,"depth":132,"text":105138},{"id":105205,"depth":103,"text":105206},{"id":105419,"depth":103,"text":105420},{"id":105528,"depth":103,"text":105529,"children":106144},[106145,106147,106149],{"id":105535,"depth":132,"text":106146},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105588,"depth":132,"text":106148},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105653,"depth":132,"text":106150},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":106152},[106153,106154,106156,106157,106159],{"id":99494,"depth":132,"text":100002},{"id":105767,"depth":132,"text":106155},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105803,"depth":132,"text":105804},{"id":105841,"depth":132,"text":106158},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105850,"depth":132,"text":106160},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":1336,"depth":103,"text":1337},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":106163},[106164,106165,106166,106167,106168],{"id":105954,"depth":132,"text":105955},{"id":105961,"depth":132,"text":105962},{"id":105973,"depth":132,"text":105974},{"id":105980,"depth":132,"text":105981},{"id":106055,"depth":132,"text":106169},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104165,"description":106171},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106178,"title":106179,"body":106180,"description":107695,"extension":1616,"meta":107696,"navigation":434,"path":107697,"seo":107698,"stem":107699,"__hash__":107700},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106181,"toc":107671},[106182,106188,106193,106196,106279,106284,106289,106294,106296,106309,106313,106315,106334,106337,106360,106363,106374,106376,106457,106459,106476,106478,106484,106487,106582,106584,106615,106617,106625,106627,106630,106741,106743,106768,106770,106792,106797,106802,106808,106917,106919,106935,106938,106941,107024,107026,107043,107051,107053,107057,107063,107154,107156,107189,107194,107201,107278,107280,107297,107303,107305,107309,107325,107328,107354,107356,107417,107419,107542,107544,107595,107601,107603,107608,107610,107616,107619,107623,107626,107630,107633,107643,107645,107668],[10,106183,3225,106185,18],{"id":106184},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106186,106187],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106189,164,106190,106192],{},[15,106191,106187],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106194,106195],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[35,106197,106199],{"className":37,"code":106198,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106200,106201,106221,106241,106245,106264,106274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106202,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215,106217,106219],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106204,2198],{"class":50},[44,106206,55],{"class":54},[44,106208,10141],{"class":58},[44,106210,1133],{"class":206},[44,106212,72],{"class":58},[44,106214,488],{"class":206},[44,106216,72],{"class":58},[44,106218,524],{"class":206},[44,106220,8959],{"class":58},[44,106222,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233,106235,106237,106239],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,106224,2226],{"class":50},[44,106226,55],{"class":54},[44,106228,10141],{"class":58},[44,106230,1137],{"class":206},[44,106232,72],{"class":58},[44,106234,524],{"class":206},[44,106236,72],{"class":58},[44,106238,1114],{"class":206},[44,106240,8959],{"class":58},[44,106242,106243],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106244,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106246,106247,106249,106251,106253,106255,106258,106260,106262],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,106248,604],{"class":50},[44,106250,55],{"class":54},[44,106252,56524],{"class":50},[44,106254,114],{"class":58},[44,106256,106257],{"class":117},"intersection",[44,106259,121],{"class":58},[44,106261,399],{"class":117},[44,106263,100],{"class":58},[44,106265,106266,106268,106270,106272],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,106267,136],{"class":135},[44,106269,121],{"class":58},[44,106271,632],{"class":117},[44,106273,100],{"class":58},[44,106275,106276],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,106277,106278],{"class":147},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106280,651,106281,106283],{},[15,106282,102408],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[30,106285,12647,106287,12650],{"id":106286},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106288,102408],{},[20,106290,106291,106293],{},[15,106292,102408],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106295,12703],{},[169,106297,106298,106301,106303,106306],{},[172,106299,106300],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[172,106302,100178],{},[172,106304,106305],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[172,106307,106308],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106310,95941,106311,114],{},[270,106312,95945],{"href":95944},[30,106314,277],{"id":276},[35,106316,106318],{"className":37,"code":106317,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106319,106320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106321,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106323,100202],{"class":50},[44,106325,114],{"class":58},[44,106327,106257],{"class":117},[44,106329,121],{"class":58},[44,106331,100211],{"class":117},[44,106333,100],{"class":58},[20,106335,106336],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[35,106338,106340],{"className":37,"code":106339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106341,106342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106343,106344,106346,106348,106350,106352,106354,106356,106358],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106345,100202],{"class":50},[44,106347,114],{"class":58},[44,106349,106257],{"class":117},[44,106351,121],{"class":58},[44,106353,100211],{"class":117},[44,106355,72],{"class":58},[44,106357,100238],{"class":117},[44,106359,100],{"class":58},[20,106361,106362],{},"Important notes:",[169,106364,106365,106368,106371],{},[172,106366,106367],{},"The result is always a new set",[172,106369,106370],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[172,106372,106373],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106375,189],{},[35,106377,106379],{"className":37,"code":106378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106380,106381,106405,106425,106429,106447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106382,106383,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395,106397,106399,106401,106403],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106384,2198],{"class":50},[44,106386,55],{"class":54},[44,106388,10141],{"class":58},[44,106390,1133],{"class":206},[44,106392,72],{"class":58},[44,106394,488],{"class":206},[44,106396,72],{"class":58},[44,106398,524],{"class":206},[44,106400,72],{"class":58},[44,106402,1114],{"class":206},[44,106404,8959],{"class":58},[44,106406,106407,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,106408,2226],{"class":50},[44,106410,55],{"class":54},[44,106412,10141],{"class":58},[44,106414,1141],{"class":206},[44,106416,72],{"class":58},[44,106418,1114],{"class":206},[44,106420,72],{"class":58},[44,106422,939],{"class":206},[44,106424,8959],{"class":58},[44,106426,106427],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106428,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106430,106431,106433,106435,106437,106439,106441,106443,106445],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,106432,604],{"class":50},[44,106434,55],{"class":54},[44,106436,56524],{"class":50},[44,106438,114],{"class":58},[44,106440,106257],{"class":117},[44,106442,121],{"class":58},[44,106444,399],{"class":117},[44,106446,100],{"class":58},[44,106448,106449,106451,106453,106455],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,106450,136],{"class":135},[44,106452,121],{"class":58},[44,106454,632],{"class":117},[44,106456,100],{"class":58},[20,106458,247],{},[35,106460,106462],{"className":37,"code":106461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106463,106464],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106465,106466,106468,106470,106472,106474],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106467,8928],{"class":58},[44,106469,1141],{"class":206},[44,106471,72],{"class":58},[44,106473,1114],{"class":206},[44,106475,8959],{"class":58},[30,106477,17063],{"id":17062},[20,106479,106480,21615,106482,114],{},[15,106481,102408],{},[367,106483,5935],{},[20,106485,106486],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[35,106488,106490],{"className":37,"code":106489,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106491,106492,106512,106532,106536,106554,106558,106568],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106493,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506,106508,106510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106495,2198],{"class":50},[44,106497,55],{"class":54},[44,106499,10141],{"class":58},[44,106501,1133],{"class":206},[44,106503,72],{"class":58},[44,106505,488],{"class":206},[44,106507,72],{"class":58},[44,106509,524],{"class":206},[44,106511,8959],{"class":58},[44,106513,106514,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,106515,2226],{"class":50},[44,106517,55],{"class":54},[44,106519,10141],{"class":58},[44,106521,1137],{"class":206},[44,106523,72],{"class":58},[44,106525,524],{"class":206},[44,106527,72],{"class":58},[44,106529,1114],{"class":206},[44,106531,8959],{"class":58},[44,106533,106534],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106535,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544,106546,106548,106550,106552],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,106539,604],{"class":50},[44,106541,55],{"class":54},[44,106543,56524],{"class":50},[44,106545,114],{"class":58},[44,106547,106257],{"class":117},[44,106549,121],{"class":58},[44,106551,399],{"class":117},[44,106553,100],{"class":58},[44,106555,106556],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,106557,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106559,106560,106562,106564,106566],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,106561,136],{"class":135},[44,106563,121],{"class":58},[44,106565,632],{"class":117},[44,106567,100],{"class":58},[44,106569,106570,106572,106574,106576,106578,106580],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,106571,136],{"class":135},[44,106573,121],{"class":58},[44,106575,2868],{"class":2546},[44,106577,121],{"class":58},[44,106579,632],{"class":117},[44,106581,244],{"class":58},[20,106583,247],{},[35,106585,106587],{"className":37,"code":106586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106588,106589,106601],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106590,106591,106593,106595,106597,106599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106592,8928],{"class":58},[44,106594,1137],{"class":206},[44,106596,72],{"class":58},[44,106598,524],{"class":206},[44,106600,8959],{"class":58},[44,106602,106603,106605,106607,106609,106611,106613],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,106604,2937],{"class":54},[44,106606,2940],{"class":1716},[44,106608,2943],{"class":62},[44,106610,5935],{"class":66},[44,106612,2948],{"class":62},[44,106614,2951],{"class":54},[20,106616,85427],{},[169,106618,106619,106622],{},[172,106620,106621],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[172,106623,106624],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[30,106626,11124],{"id":11123},[20,106628,106629],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[35,106631,106633],{"className":37,"code":106632,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106634,106635,106668,106701,106705,106726,106730],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106636,106637,106640,106642,106644,106646,106648,106650,106652,106654,106656,106658,106660,106662,106664,106666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106638,106639],{"class":50},"colors1 ",[44,106641,55],{"class":54},[44,106643,10141],{"class":58},[44,106645,63],{"class":62},[44,106647,67],{"class":66},[44,106649,63],{"class":62},[44,106651,72],{"class":58},[44,106653,75],{"class":62},[44,106655,78],{"class":66},[44,106657,63],{"class":62},[44,106659,72],{"class":58},[44,106661,75],{"class":62},[44,106663,87],{"class":66},[44,106665,63],{"class":62},[44,106667,8959],{"class":58},[44,106669,106670,106673,106675,106677,106679,106681,106683,106685,106687,106689,106691,106693,106695,106697,106699],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,106671,106672],{"class":50},"colors2 ",[44,106674,55],{"class":54},[44,106676,10141],{"class":58},[44,106678,63],{"class":62},[44,106680,87],{"class":66},[44,106682,63],{"class":62},[44,106684,72],{"class":58},[44,106686,75],{"class":62},[44,106688,745],{"class":66},[44,106690,63],{"class":62},[44,106692,72],{"class":58},[44,106694,75],{"class":62},[44,106696,78],{"class":66},[44,106698,63],{"class":62},[44,106700,8959],{"class":58},[44,106702,106703],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106704,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106706,106707,106710,106712,106715,106717,106719,106721,106724],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,106708,106709],{"class":50},"common_colors ",[44,106711,55],{"class":54},[44,106713,106714],{"class":50}," colors1",[44,106716,114],{"class":58},[44,106718,106257],{"class":117},[44,106720,121],{"class":58},[44,106722,106723],{"class":117},"colors2",[44,106725,100],{"class":58},[44,106727,106728],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,106729,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106731,106732,106734,106736,106739],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,106733,136],{"class":135},[44,106735,121],{"class":58},[44,106737,106738],{"class":117},"common_colors",[44,106740,100],{"class":58},[20,106742,247],{},[35,106744,106746],{"className":37,"code":106745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106747,106748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106749,106750,106752,106754,106756,106758,106760,106762,106764,106766],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106751,8928],{"class":58},[44,106753,2948],{"class":62},[44,106755,78],{"class":66},[44,106757,2948],{"class":62},[44,106759,72],{"class":58},[44,106761,2943],{"class":62},[44,106763,87],{"class":66},[44,106765,2948],{"class":62},[44,106767,8959],{"class":58},[20,106769,11333],{},[169,106771,106772,106778,106782,106787],{},[172,106773,106774,106777],{},[15,106775,106776],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[172,106779,106780,106777],{},[15,106781,106723],{},[172,106783,106784,106786],{},[15,106785,102408],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[172,106788,106789,106790],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106791,106738],{},[30,106793,895,106795,100775],{"id":106794},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106796,102408],{},[20,106798,106799,106800,114],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106801,102408],{},[20,106803,106804,106805,106807],{},"Only the values found in ",[367,106806,3365],{}," inputs will be kept.",[35,106809,106811],{"className":37,"code":106810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106812,106813,106837,106861,106881,106885,106907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106814,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106816,2198],{"class":50},[44,106818,55],{"class":54},[44,106820,10141],{"class":58},[44,106822,1133],{"class":206},[44,106824,72],{"class":58},[44,106826,488],{"class":206},[44,106828,72],{"class":58},[44,106830,524],{"class":206},[44,106832,72],{"class":58},[44,106834,1114],{"class":206},[44,106836,8959],{"class":58},[44,106838,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857,106859],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,106840,2226],{"class":50},[44,106842,55],{"class":54},[44,106844,10141],{"class":58},[44,106846,1137],{"class":206},[44,106848,72],{"class":58},[44,106850,524],{"class":206},[44,106852,72],{"class":58},[44,106854,1114],{"class":206},[44,106856,72],{"class":58},[44,106858,939],{"class":206},[44,106860,8959],{"class":58},[44,106862,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106864,82802],{"class":50},[44,106866,55],{"class":54},[44,106868,10141],{"class":58},[44,106870,1141],{"class":206},[44,106872,72],{"class":58},[44,106874,1114],{"class":206},[44,106876,72],{"class":58},[44,106878,37280],{"class":206},[44,106880,8959],{"class":58},[44,106882,106883],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,106884,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106886,106887,106889,106891,106893,106895,106897,106899,106901,106903,106905],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,106888,604],{"class":50},[44,106890,55],{"class":54},[44,106892,56524],{"class":50},[44,106894,114],{"class":58},[44,106896,106257],{"class":117},[44,106898,121],{"class":58},[44,106900,399],{"class":117},[44,106902,72],{"class":58},[44,106904,9332],{"class":117},[44,106906,100],{"class":58},[44,106908,106909,106911,106913,106915],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,106910,136],{"class":135},[44,106912,121],{"class":58},[44,106914,632],{"class":117},[44,106916,100],{"class":58},[20,106918,247],{},[35,106920,106921],{"className":37,"code":106461,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,106922,106923],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106924,106925,106927,106929,106931,106933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106926,8928],{"class":58},[44,106928,1141],{"class":206},[44,106930,72],{"class":58},[44,106932,1114],{"class":206},[44,106934,8959],{"class":58},[20,106936,106937],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106939,106940],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[35,106942,106944],{"className":37,"code":106943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106945,106946,106970,106974,107014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,106947,106948,106950,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,106949,2198],{"class":50},[44,106951,55],{"class":54},[44,106953,10141],{"class":58},[44,106955,1133],{"class":206},[44,106957,72],{"class":58},[44,106959,488],{"class":206},[44,106961,72],{"class":58},[44,106963,524],{"class":206},[44,106965,72],{"class":58},[44,106967,1114],{"class":206},[44,106969,8959],{"class":58},[44,106971,106972],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,106973,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,106975,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990,106992,106994,106996,106998,107000,107002,107004,107006,107008,107010,107012],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,106977,604],{"class":50},[44,106979,55],{"class":54},[44,106981,56524],{"class":50},[44,106983,114],{"class":58},[44,106985,106257],{"class":117},[44,106987,2631],{"class":58},[44,106989,1137],{"class":206},[44,106991,72],{"class":58},[44,106993,1114],{"class":206},[44,106995,72],{"class":58},[44,106997,37280],{"class":206},[44,106999,17705],{"class":58},[44,107001,59],{"class":58},[44,107003,1133],{"class":206},[44,107005,72],{"class":58},[44,107007,488],{"class":206},[44,107009,72],{"class":58},[44,107011,1114],{"class":206},[44,107013,244],{"class":58},[44,107015,107016,107018,107020,107022],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107017,136],{"class":135},[44,107019,121],{"class":58},[44,107021,632],{"class":117},[44,107023,100],{"class":58},[20,107025,247],{},[35,107027,107029],{"className":37,"code":107028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107030,107031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107032,107033,107035,107037,107039,107041],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107034,8928],{"class":58},[44,107036,1137],{"class":206},[44,107038,72],{"class":58},[44,107040,1114],{"class":206},[44,107042,8959],{"class":58},[30,107044,107046,10236,107048],{"id":107045},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107047,102408],{},[15,107049,107050],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107052,100945],{},[338,107054,107055],{"id":106257},[15,107056,102408],{},[169,107058,107059,107061],{},[172,107060,100954],{},[172,107062,100957],{},[35,107064,107066],{"className":37,"code":107065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107067,107068,107088,107108,107112,107130,107134,107144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107069,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084,107086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107071,2198],{"class":50},[44,107073,55],{"class":54},[44,107075,10141],{"class":58},[44,107077,1133],{"class":206},[44,107079,72],{"class":58},[44,107081,488],{"class":206},[44,107083,72],{"class":58},[44,107085,524],{"class":206},[44,107087,8959],{"class":58},[44,107089,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107091,2226],{"class":50},[44,107093,55],{"class":54},[44,107095,10141],{"class":58},[44,107097,1137],{"class":206},[44,107099,72],{"class":58},[44,107101,524],{"class":206},[44,107103,72],{"class":58},[44,107105,1114],{"class":206},[44,107107,8959],{"class":58},[44,107109,107110],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107111,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120,107122,107124,107126,107128],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107115,604],{"class":50},[44,107117,55],{"class":54},[44,107119,56524],{"class":50},[44,107121,114],{"class":58},[44,107123,106257],{"class":117},[44,107125,121],{"class":58},[44,107127,399],{"class":117},[44,107129,100],{"class":58},[44,107131,107132],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,107133,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107135,107136,107138,107140,107142],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,107137,136],{"class":135},[44,107139,121],{"class":58},[44,107141,270],{"class":117},[44,107143,100],{"class":58},[44,107145,107146,107148,107150,107152],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,107147,136],{"class":135},[44,107149,121],{"class":58},[44,107151,632],{"class":117},[44,107153,100],{"class":58},[20,107155,247],{},[35,107157,107159],{"className":37,"code":107158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107160,107161,107177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107162,107163,107165,107167,107169,107171,107173,107175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107164,8928],{"class":58},[44,107166,1133],{"class":206},[44,107168,72],{"class":58},[44,107170,488],{"class":206},[44,107172,72],{"class":58},[44,107174,524],{"class":206},[44,107176,8959],{"class":58},[44,107178,107179,107181,107183,107185,107187],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107180,8928],{"class":58},[44,107182,1137],{"class":206},[44,107184,72],{"class":58},[44,107186,524],{"class":206},[44,107188,8959],{"class":58},[338,107190,107192],{"id":107191},"intersection_update",[15,107193,107050],{},[169,107195,107196,107198],{},[172,107197,101097],{},[172,107199,107200],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[35,107202,107204],{"className":37,"code":107203,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107205,107206,107226,107246,107250,107264,107268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107207,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222,107224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107209,2198],{"class":50},[44,107211,55],{"class":54},[44,107213,10141],{"class":58},[44,107215,1133],{"class":206},[44,107217,72],{"class":58},[44,107219,488],{"class":206},[44,107221,72],{"class":58},[44,107223,524],{"class":206},[44,107225,8959],{"class":58},[44,107227,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240,107242,107244],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107229,2226],{"class":50},[44,107231,55],{"class":54},[44,107233,10141],{"class":58},[44,107235,1137],{"class":206},[44,107237,72],{"class":58},[44,107239,524],{"class":206},[44,107241,72],{"class":58},[44,107243,1114],{"class":206},[44,107245,8959],{"class":58},[44,107247,107248],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107249,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107251,107252,107254,107256,107258,107260,107262],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107253,270],{"class":50},[44,107255,114],{"class":58},[44,107257,107191],{"class":117},[44,107259,121],{"class":58},[44,107261,399],{"class":117},[44,107263,100],{"class":58},[44,107265,107266],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,107267,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107269,107270,107272,107274,107276],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,107271,136],{"class":135},[44,107273,121],{"class":58},[44,107275,270],{"class":117},[44,107277,100],{"class":58},[20,107279,247],{},[35,107281,107283],{"className":37,"code":107282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107284,107285],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107286,107287,107289,107291,107293,107295],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107288,8928],{"class":58},[44,107290,1137],{"class":206},[44,107292,72],{"class":58},[44,107294,524],{"class":206},[44,107296,8959],{"class":58},[20,107298,107299,107300,107302],{},"Choose ",[15,107301,102408],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[30,107304,4168],{"id":4167},[20,107306,14382,107307,1155],{},[15,107308,102408],{},[169,107310,107311,107314,107317,107320],{},[172,107312,107313],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[172,107315,107316],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[172,107318,107319],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[172,107321,107322,107323],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107324,102408],{},[20,107326,107327],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[169,107329,107330,107335,107338,107351],{},[172,107331,895,107332,107334],{},[15,107333,102408],{}," when order matters",[172,107336,107337],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[172,107339,1330,107340,8354,107342,2522,107347],{},[15,107341,102408],{},[270,107343,107345],{"href":107344},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107346,102416],{},[270,107348,107349],{"href":102457},[15,107350,100031],{},[172,107352,107353],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107355,29775],{},[35,107357,107359],{"className":37,"code":107358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107360,107361,107371,107385,107403],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107364,136],{"class":135},[44,107366,121],{"class":58},[44,107368,15314],{"class":117},[44,107370,100],{"class":58},[44,107372,107373,107375,107377,107379,107381,107383],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107374,136],{"class":135},[44,107376,121],{"class":58},[44,107378,2868],{"class":2546},[44,107380,121],{"class":58},[44,107382,632],{"class":117},[44,107384,244],{"class":58},[44,107386,107387,107389,107391,107393,107395,107397,107399,107401],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107388,136],{"class":135},[44,107390,121],{"class":58},[44,107392,100202],{"class":117},[44,107394,114],{"class":58},[44,107396,106257],{"class":117},[44,107398,121],{"class":58},[44,107400,100211],{"class":117},[44,107402,244],{"class":58},[44,107404,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107406,136],{"class":135},[44,107408,121],{"class":58},[44,107410,1365],{"class":135},[44,107412,121],{"class":58},[44,107414,632],{"class":117},[44,107416,244],{"class":58},[20,107418,189],{},[35,107420,107422],{"className":37,"code":107421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107423,107424,107448,107468,107472,107490,107494,107504,107514,107528],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107425,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444,107446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107427,199],{"class":50},[44,107429,55],{"class":54},[44,107431,10141],{"class":58},[44,107433,1133],{"class":206},[44,107435,72],{"class":58},[44,107437,488],{"class":206},[44,107439,72],{"class":58},[44,107441,488],{"class":206},[44,107443,72],{"class":58},[44,107445,524],{"class":206},[44,107447,8959],{"class":58},[44,107449,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107451,43186],{"class":50},[44,107453,55],{"class":54},[44,107455,10141],{"class":58},[44,107457,1137],{"class":206},[44,107459,72],{"class":58},[44,107461,524],{"class":206},[44,107463,72],{"class":58},[44,107465,1114],{"class":206},[44,107467,8959],{"class":58},[44,107469,107470],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107471,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107473,107474,107476,107478,107480,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107475,604],{"class":50},[44,107477,55],{"class":54},[44,107479,3912],{"class":50},[44,107481,114],{"class":58},[44,107483,106257],{"class":117},[44,107485,121],{"class":58},[44,107487,30383],{"class":117},[44,107489,100],{"class":58},[44,107491,107492],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,107493,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107495,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,107497,136],{"class":135},[44,107499,121],{"class":58},[44,107501,232],{"class":117},[44,107503,100],{"class":58},[44,107505,107506,107508,107510,107512],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,107507,136],{"class":135},[44,107509,121],{"class":58},[44,107511,632],{"class":117},[44,107513,100],{"class":58},[44,107515,107516,107518,107520,107522,107524,107526],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,107517,136],{"class":135},[44,107519,121],{"class":58},[44,107521,2868],{"class":2546},[44,107523,121],{"class":58},[44,107525,632],{"class":117},[44,107527,244],{"class":58},[44,107529,107530,107532,107534,107536,107538,107540],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,107531,136],{"class":135},[44,107533,121],{"class":58},[44,107535,1365],{"class":135},[44,107537,121],{"class":58},[44,107539,632],{"class":117},[44,107541,244],{"class":58},[20,107543,247],{},[35,107545,107547],{"className":37,"code":107546,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107548,107549,107565,107577,107591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107550,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107552,8928],{"class":58},[44,107554,1133],{"class":206},[44,107556,72],{"class":58},[44,107558,488],{"class":206},[44,107560,72],{"class":58},[44,107562,524],{"class":206},[44,107564,8959],{"class":58},[44,107566,107567,107569,107571,107573,107575],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107568,8928],{"class":58},[44,107570,1137],{"class":206},[44,107572,72],{"class":58},[44,107574,524],{"class":206},[44,107576,8959],{"class":58},[44,107578,107579,107581,107583,107585,107587,107589],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107580,2937],{"class":54},[44,107582,2940],{"class":1716},[44,107584,2943],{"class":62},[44,107586,5935],{"class":66},[44,107588,2948],{"class":62},[44,107590,2951],{"class":54},[44,107592,107593],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107594,1121],{"class":206},[20,107596,107597,107598,107600],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107599,1137],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,107602,1497],{"id":1496},[338,107604,12355,107606,102356],{"id":107605},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107607,102408],{},[20,107609,102359],{},[338,107611,4818,107613,107615],{"id":107612},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107614,102408],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107617,107618],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[338,107620,107622],{"id":107621},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107624,107625],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[338,107627,107629],{"id":107628},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107631,107632],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[35,107634,107635],{"className":37,"code":97075,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,107636,107637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107638,107639,107641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107640,5935],{"class":2546},[44,107642,8292],{"class":58},[30,107644,1554],{"id":1553},[169,107646,107647,107651,107658,107664],{},[172,107648,107649],{},[270,107650,95945],{"href":95944},[172,107652,107653],{},[270,107654,3225,107655,1180],{"href":107344},[15,107656,107657],{},"set.union()",[172,107659,107660],{},[270,107661,3225,107662,1180],{"href":102457},[15,107663,100036],{},[172,107665,107666],{},[270,107667,99961],{"href":104958},[1583,107669,107670],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":107672},[107673,107675,107676,107677,107678,107680,107685,107686,107694],{"id":106286,"depth":103,"text":107674},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":106794,"depth":103,"text":107679},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107045,"depth":103,"text":107681,"children":107682},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107683,107684],{"id":106257,"depth":132,"text":102408},{"id":107191,"depth":132,"text":107050},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":107687},[107688,107690,107692,107693],{"id":107605,"depth":132,"text":107689},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107612,"depth":132,"text":107691},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107621,"depth":132,"text":107622},{"id":107628,"depth":132,"text":107629},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106179,"description":107695},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107702,"title":107703,"body":107704,"description":108938,"extension":1616,"meta":108939,"navigation":434,"path":108940,"seo":108941,"stem":108942,"__hash__":108943},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107705,"toc":108905},[107706,107711,107717,107726,107728,107803,107808,107823,107833,107838,107842,107855,107859,107861,107876,107878,107894,107896,107971,107975,107978,107980,107997,108002,108057,108062,108074,108078,108081,108180,108182,108223,108226,108230,108237,108239,108264,108267,108285,108292,108298,108301,108383,108390,108393,108473,108482,108485,108490,108494,108508,108557,108562,108566,108577,108626,108637,108642,108646,108658,108707,108718,108720,108724,108747,108749,108806,108808,108822,108824,108830,108836,108842,108851,108855,108862,108866,108874,108876,108902],[10,107707,95817,107709,18],{"id":107708},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107710,12413],{},[20,107712,107713,107716],{},[15,107714,107715],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107718,107719,107720,107722,107723,107725],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[367,107721,881],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107724,12413],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[30,107727,33],{"id":32},[35,107729,107731],{"className":37,"code":107730,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107732,107733,107765,107779,107783,107793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107734,107735,107737,107739,107741,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755,107757,107759,107761,107763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107736,7429],{"class":50},[44,107738,55],{"class":54},[44,107740,10141],{"class":58},[44,107742,63],{"class":62},[44,107744,1209],{"class":66},[44,107746,63],{"class":62},[44,107748,72],{"class":58},[44,107750,75],{"class":62},[44,107752,1218],{"class":66},[44,107754,63],{"class":62},[44,107756,72],{"class":58},[44,107758,75],{"class":62},[44,107760,3745],{"class":66},[44,107762,63],{"class":62},[44,107764,8959],{"class":58},[44,107766,107767,107769,107771,107773,107775,107777],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107768,69551],{"class":50},[44,107770,55],{"class":54},[44,107772,5614],{"class":50},[44,107774,114],{"class":58},[44,107776,25881],{"class":117},[44,107778,8292],{"class":58},[44,107780,107781],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107782,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107784,107785,107787,107789,107791],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107786,136],{"class":135},[44,107788,121],{"class":58},[44,107790,69574],{"class":117},[44,107792,100],{"class":58},[44,107794,107795,107797,107799,107801],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,107796,136],{"class":135},[44,107798,121],{"class":58},[44,107800,7458],{"class":117},[44,107802,100],{"class":58},[20,107804,107805],{},[367,107806,107807],{},"What this does:",[169,107809,107810,107815,107820],{},[172,107811,107812,107813],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107814,7458],{},[172,107816,107817,107818],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107819,69574],{},[172,107821,107822],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107824,107825,88578,107827,107829,107830,107832],{},[367,107826,83437],{},[15,107828,107715],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[367,107831,881],{}," chosen by index.",[30,107834,158,107836,161],{"id":107835},"what-setpop-does",[15,107837,107715],{},[20,107839,107840,1155],{},[15,107841,107715],{},[169,107843,107844,107846,107849,107852],{},[172,107845,102659],{},[172,107847,107848],{},"Returns the removed item",[172,107850,107851],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[172,107853,107854],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107856,95941,107857,114],{},[270,107858,95945],{"href":97116},[30,107860,277],{"id":276},[35,107862,107864],{"className":37,"code":107863,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107865,107866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107867,107868,107870,107872,107874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107869,15314],{"class":50},[44,107871,114],{"class":58},[44,107873,25881],{"class":117},[44,107875,8292],{"class":58},[20,107877,12703],{},[169,107879,107880,107886,107891],{},[172,107881,107882,107883],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107884,107885],{},"my_set.pop()",[172,107887,107888,107889],{},"It takes ",[367,107890,28327],{},[172,107892,107893],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107895,189],{},[35,107897,107899],{"className":37,"code":107898,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107900,107901,107933,107947,107951,107961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,107902,107903,107905,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923,107925,107927,107929,107931],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,107904,51],{"class":50},[44,107906,55],{"class":54},[44,107908,10141],{"class":58},[44,107910,63],{"class":62},[44,107912,67],{"class":66},[44,107914,63],{"class":62},[44,107916,72],{"class":58},[44,107918,75],{"class":62},[44,107920,78],{"class":66},[44,107922,63],{"class":62},[44,107924,72],{"class":58},[44,107926,75],{"class":62},[44,107928,87],{"class":66},[44,107930,63],{"class":62},[44,107932,8959],{"class":58},[44,107934,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,107936,28177],{"class":50},[44,107938,55],{"class":54},[44,107940,111],{"class":50},[44,107942,114],{"class":58},[44,107944,25881],{"class":117},[44,107946,8292],{"class":58},[44,107948,107949],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,107950,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,107952,107953,107955,107957,107959],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,107954,136],{"class":135},[44,107956,121],{"class":58},[44,107958,22950],{"class":117},[44,107960,100],{"class":58},[44,107962,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,107964,136],{"class":135},[44,107966,121],{"class":58},[44,107968,734],{"class":117},[44,107970,100],{"class":58},[30,107972,107974],{"id":107973},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107976,107977],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107979,1758],{},[169,107981,107982,107988,107991],{},[172,107983,107984,107985,107987],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107986,12413],{}," removes",[172,107989,107990],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[172,107992,107993,107994,107996],{},"You should not use ",[15,107995,12413],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107998,10111,107999,108001],{},[367,108000,881],{}," valid:",[35,108003,108005],{"className":37,"code":108004,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108006,108007,108039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108008,108009,108011,108013,108015,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031,108033,108035,108037],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108010,1200],{"class":50},[44,108012,55],{"class":54},[44,108014,10141],{"class":58},[44,108016,63],{"class":62},[44,108018,1209],{"class":66},[44,108020,63],{"class":62},[44,108022,72],{"class":58},[44,108024,75],{"class":62},[44,108026,1218],{"class":66},[44,108028,63],{"class":62},[44,108030,72],{"class":58},[44,108032,75],{"class":62},[44,108034,3745],{"class":66},[44,108036,63],{"class":62},[44,108038,8959],{"class":58},[44,108040,108041,108043,108045,108047,108049,108051,108053,108055],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108042,1244],{"class":50},[44,108044,114],{"class":58},[44,108046,25881],{"class":117},[44,108048,121],{"class":58},[44,108050,63],{"class":62},[44,108052,1209],{"class":66},[44,108054,63],{"class":62},[44,108056,100],{"class":58},[20,108058,752,108059,108061],{},[15,108060,107715],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108063,108064,108065,2522,108069,114],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[270,108066,108067],{"href":97826},[15,108068,102485],{},[270,108070,108072],{"href":108071},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108073,102476],{},[30,108075,108077],{"id":108076},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108079,108080],{},"Here is a simple example:",[35,108082,108084],{"className":37,"code":108083,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108085,108086,108119,108123,108138,108142,108161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108087,108088,108090,108092,108094,108096,108098,108100,108102,108104,108106,108108,108110,108112,108115,108117],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108089,560],{"class":50},[44,108091,55],{"class":54},[44,108093,10141],{"class":58},[44,108095,63],{"class":62},[44,108097,569],{"class":66},[44,108099,63],{"class":62},[44,108101,72],{"class":58},[44,108103,75],{"class":62},[44,108105,578],{"class":66},[44,108107,63],{"class":62},[44,108109,72],{"class":58},[44,108111,75],{"class":62},[44,108113,108114],{"class":66},"rabbit",[44,108116,63],{"class":62},[44,108118,8959],{"class":58},[44,108120,108121],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108122,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,108124,108125,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108126,108127],{"class":50},"removed_animal ",[44,108129,55],{"class":54},[44,108131,609],{"class":50},[44,108133,114],{"class":58},[44,108135,25881],{"class":117},[44,108137,8292],{"class":58},[44,108139,108140],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,108141,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,108143,108144,108146,108148,108150,108152,108154,108156,108159],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,108145,136],{"class":135},[44,108147,121],{"class":58},[44,108149,63],{"class":62},[44,108151,28595],{"class":66},[44,108153,63],{"class":62},[44,108155,72],{"class":58},[44,108157,108158],{"class":117}," removed_animal",[44,108160,100],{"class":58},[44,108162,108163,108165,108167,108169,108172,108174,108176,108178],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,108164,136],{"class":135},[44,108166,121],{"class":58},[44,108168,63],{"class":62},[44,108170,108171],{"class":66},"Updated set:",[44,108173,63],{"class":62},[44,108175,72],{"class":58},[44,108177,609],{"class":117},[44,108179,100],{"class":58},[20,108181,29669],{},[35,108183,108185],{"className":37,"code":108184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108186,108187,108196],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108188,108189,108191,108193],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108190,28637],{"class":50},[44,108192,1155],{"class":58},[44,108194,108195],{"class":50}," dog\n",[44,108197,108198,108201,108203,108205,108207,108209,108211,108213,108215,108217,108219,108221],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108199,108200],{"class":50},"Updated ",[44,108202,5935],{"class":2546},[44,108204,1155],{"class":58},[44,108206,10141],{"class":58},[44,108208,2948],{"class":62},[44,108210,569],{"class":66},[44,108212,2948],{"class":62},[44,108214,72],{"class":58},[44,108216,2943],{"class":62},[44,108218,108114],{"class":66},[44,108220,2948],{"class":62},[44,108222,8959],{"class":58},[20,108224,108225],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[30,108227,108229],{"id":108228},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108231,29289,108232,108234,108235,114],{},[15,108233,12413],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108236,19330],{},[20,108238,189],{},[35,108240,108242],{"className":37,"code":108241,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108243,108244,108254],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108245,108246,108248,108250,108252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108247,7429],{"class":50},[44,108249,55],{"class":54},[44,108251,15281],{"class":2546},[44,108253,8292],{"class":58},[44,108255,108256,108258,108260,108262],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108257,7458],{"class":50},[44,108259,114],{"class":58},[44,108261,25881],{"class":117},[44,108263,8292],{"class":58},[20,108265,108266],{},"This raises:",[35,108268,108270],{"className":37,"code":108269,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108271,108272],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108273,108274,108276,108278,108280,108283],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108275,19330],{"class":2546},[44,108277,1155],{"class":58},[44,108279,2943],{"class":62},[44,108281,108282],{"class":66},"pop from an empty set",[44,108284,29339],{"class":62},[20,108286,108287,108288,108291],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[270,108289,108290],{"href":10724},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[338,108293,108295,108296],{"id":108294},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108297,12413],{},[20,108299,108300],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[35,108302,108304],{"className":37,"code":108303,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108305,108306,108316,108320,108328,108343,108362,108368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108307,108308,108310,108312,108314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108309,7429],{"class":50},[44,108311,55],{"class":54},[44,108313,15281],{"class":2546},[44,108315,8292],{"class":58},[44,108317,108318],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108319,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,108321,108322,108324,108326],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108323,806],{"class":805},[44,108325,5614],{"class":50},[44,108327,820],{"class":58},[44,108329,108330,108333,108335,108337,108339,108341],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,108331,108332],{"class":50},"    removed ",[44,108334,55],{"class":54},[44,108336,5614],{"class":50},[44,108338,114],{"class":58},[44,108340,25881],{"class":117},[44,108342,8292],{"class":58},[44,108344,108345,108347,108349,108351,108353,108355,108357,108360],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,108346,825],{"class":135},[44,108348,121],{"class":58},[44,108350,63],{"class":62},[44,108352,28595],{"class":66},[44,108354,63],{"class":62},[44,108356,72],{"class":58},[44,108358,108359],{"class":117}," removed",[44,108361,100],{"class":58},[44,108363,108364,108366],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,108365,848],{"class":805},[44,108367,820],{"class":58},[44,108369,108370,108372,108374,108376,108379,108381],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,108371,825],{"class":135},[44,108373,121],{"class":58},[44,108375,63],{"class":62},[44,108377,108378],{"class":66},"The set is empty.",[44,108380,63],{"class":62},[44,108382,100],{"class":58},[338,108384,651,108386,898,108388],{"id":108385},"use-try-and-except",[15,108387,29443],{},[15,108389,29474],{},[20,108391,108392],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[35,108394,108396],{"className":37,"code":108395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108397,108398,108408,108412,108418,108432,108450,108458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108399,108400,108402,108404,108406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108401,7429],{"class":50},[44,108403,55],{"class":54},[44,108405,15281],{"class":2546},[44,108407,8292],{"class":58},[44,108409,108410],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108411,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,108413,108414,108416],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108415,29443],{"class":805},[44,108417,820],{"class":58},[44,108419,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428,108430],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,108421,108332],{"class":50},[44,108423,55],{"class":54},[44,108425,5614],{"class":50},[44,108427,114],{"class":58},[44,108429,25881],{"class":117},[44,108431,8292],{"class":58},[44,108433,108434,108436,108438,108440,108442,108444,108446,108448],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,108435,825],{"class":135},[44,108437,121],{"class":58},[44,108439,63],{"class":62},[44,108441,28595],{"class":66},[44,108443,63],{"class":62},[44,108445,72],{"class":58},[44,108447,108359],{"class":117},[44,108449,100],{"class":58},[44,108451,108452,108454,108456],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,108453,29474],{"class":805},[44,108455,29477],{"class":2546},[44,108457,820],{"class":58},[44,108459,108460,108462,108464,108466,108469,108471],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,108461,825],{"class":135},[44,108463,121],{"class":58},[44,108465,63],{"class":62},[44,108467,108468],{"class":66},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[44,108470,63],{"class":62},[44,108472,100],{"class":58},[30,108474,4609,108476,10236,108478,10236,108480],{"id":108475},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108477,12413],{},[15,108479,55165],{},[15,108481,102471],{},[20,108483,108484],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[338,108486,651,108488],{"id":108487},"use-pop",[15,108489,12413],{},[20,108491,651,108492,654],{},[15,108493,12413],{},[169,108495,108496,108502,108505],{},[172,108497,108498,108499],{},"You want to remove ",[367,108500,108501],{},"any one item",[172,108503,108504],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[172,108506,108507],{},"You want the removed item returned",[35,108509,108511],{"className":37,"code":108510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108512,108513,108533,108547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108514,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525,108527,108529,108531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108516,199],{"class":50},[44,108518,55],{"class":54},[44,108520,10141],{"class":58},[44,108522,1133],{"class":206},[44,108524,72],{"class":58},[44,108526,488],{"class":206},[44,108528,72],{"class":58},[44,108530,524],{"class":206},[44,108532,8959],{"class":58},[44,108534,108535,108537,108539,108541,108543,108545],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108536,1380],{"class":50},[44,108538,55],{"class":54},[44,108540,3912],{"class":50},[44,108542,114],{"class":58},[44,108544,25881],{"class":117},[44,108546,8292],{"class":58},[44,108548,108549,108551,108553,108555],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108550,136],{"class":135},[44,108552,121],{"class":58},[44,108554,302],{"class":117},[44,108556,100],{"class":58},[338,108558,651,108560],{"id":108559},"use-remove",[15,108561,55165],{},[20,108563,651,108564,654],{},[15,108565,55165],{},[169,108567,108568,108574],{},[172,108569,108570,108571],{},"You want to delete a ",[367,108572,108573],{},"specific item",[172,108575,108576],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[35,108578,108580],{"className":37,"code":108579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108581,108582,108602,108616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594,108596,108598,108600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108585,199],{"class":50},[44,108587,55],{"class":54},[44,108589,10141],{"class":58},[44,108591,1133],{"class":206},[44,108593,72],{"class":58},[44,108595,488],{"class":206},[44,108597,72],{"class":58},[44,108599,524],{"class":206},[44,108601,8959],{"class":58},[44,108603,108604,108606,108608,108610,108612,108614],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108605,232],{"class":50},[44,108607,114],{"class":58},[44,108609,34436],{"class":117},[44,108611,121],{"class":58},[44,108613,1137],{"class":206},[44,108615,100],{"class":58},[44,108617,108618,108620,108622,108624],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108619,136],{"class":135},[44,108621,121],{"class":58},[44,108623,232],{"class":117},[44,108625,100],{"class":58},[20,108627,108628,108629,108631,108632,108636],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108630,55165],{}," raises an error. See the ",[270,108633,108634,1180],{"href":97826},[15,108635,102485],{}," for details.",[338,108638,651,108640],{"id":108639},"use-discard",[15,108641,102471],{},[20,108643,651,108644,654],{},[15,108645,102471],{},[169,108647,108648,108652],{},[172,108649,108570,108650],{},[367,108651,108573],{},[172,108653,108654,108655,108657],{},"You do ",[367,108656,881],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[35,108659,108661],{"className":37,"code":108660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108662,108663,108683,108697],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108664,108665,108667,108669,108671,108673,108675,108677,108679,108681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108666,199],{"class":50},[44,108668,55],{"class":54},[44,108670,10141],{"class":58},[44,108672,1133],{"class":206},[44,108674,72],{"class":58},[44,108676,488],{"class":206},[44,108678,72],{"class":58},[44,108680,524],{"class":206},[44,108682,8959],{"class":58},[44,108684,108685,108687,108689,108691,108693,108695],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108686,232],{"class":50},[44,108688,114],{"class":58},[44,108690,102538],{"class":117},[44,108692,121],{"class":58},[44,108694,929],{"class":206},[44,108696,100],{"class":58},[44,108698,108699,108701,108703,108705],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108700,136],{"class":135},[44,108702,121],{"class":58},[44,108704,232],{"class":117},[44,108706,100],{"class":58},[20,108708,108709,108710,108712,108713,108717],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108711,929],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[270,108714,108715,1180],{"href":108071},[15,108716,102476],{}," for more examples.",[30,108719,1299],{"id":1298},[20,108721,71097,108722,1155],{},[15,108723,107715],{},[169,108725,108726,108732,108737,108742],{},[172,108727,108728,108729],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108730,108731],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[172,108733,1312,108734,108736],{},[15,108735,12413],{}," to remove the first or last item",[172,108738,29289,108739,108741],{},[15,108740,12413],{}," on an empty set",[172,108743,895,108744,108746],{},[15,108745,12413],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108748,61926],{},[35,108750,108752],{"className":37,"code":108751,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108753,108754,108764,108778,108792],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108755,108756,108758,108760,108762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108757,136],{"class":135},[44,108759,121],{"class":58},[44,108761,15314],{"class":117},[44,108763,100],{"class":58},[44,108765,108766,108768,108770,108772,108774,108776],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,108767,136],{"class":135},[44,108769,121],{"class":58},[44,108771,1365],{"class":135},[44,108773,121],{"class":58},[44,108775,15314],{"class":117},[44,108777,244],{"class":58},[44,108779,108780,108782,108784,108786,108788,108790],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,108781,136],{"class":135},[44,108783,121],{"class":58},[44,108785,2868],{"class":2546},[44,108787,121],{"class":58},[44,108789,15314],{"class":117},[44,108791,244],{"class":58},[44,108793,108794,108796,108798,108800,108802,108804],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,108795,28177],{"class":50},[44,108797,55],{"class":54},[44,108799,96541],{"class":50},[44,108801,114],{"class":58},[44,108803,25881],{"class":117},[44,108805,8292],{"class":58},[20,108807,25648],{},[169,108809,108810,108813,108816,108819],{},[172,108811,108812],{},"What values are in the set",[172,108814,108815],{},"Whether the set is empty",[172,108817,108818],{},"That the object is really a set",[172,108820,108821],{},"What value was actually removed",[30,108823,1497],{"id":1496},[338,108825,12355,108827,108829],{"id":108826},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108828,107715],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108831,108832,108833,108835],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108834,12413],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[338,108837,108839,108840,1547],{"id":108838},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108841,107715],{},[20,108843,108844,108845,108847,108848,108850],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108846,12413],{},", set ",[15,108849,12413],{}," does not accept an index.",[338,108852,108854],{"id":108853},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108856,71266,108857,44267,108859,108861],{},[15,108858,19330],{},[15,108860,12413],{}," is called on an empty set.",[338,108863,108865],{"id":108864},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108867,651,108868,2522,108870,10742,108872,114],{},[15,108869,55165],{},[15,108871,102471],{},[15,108873,12413],{},[30,108875,1554],{"id":1553},[169,108877,108878,108882,108888,108894,108898],{},[172,108879,108880],{},[270,108881,95945],{"href":97116},[172,108883,108884],{},[270,108885,96431,108886,1180],{"href":97826},[15,108887,55165],{},[172,108889,108890],{},[270,108891,96431,108892,1180],{"href":108071},[15,108893,102471],{},[172,108895,108896],{},[270,108897,10912],{"href":10724},[172,108899,108900],{},[270,108901,55151],{"href":54703},[1583,108903,108904],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":108906},[108907,108908,108910,108911,108912,108913,108919,108928,108929,108937],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":107835,"depth":103,"text":108909},"What set.pop() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":107973,"depth":103,"text":107974},{"id":108076,"depth":103,"text":108077},{"id":108228,"depth":103,"text":108229,"children":108914},[108915,108917],{"id":108294,"depth":132,"text":108916},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108385,"depth":132,"text":108918},"Use try and except",{"id":108475,"depth":103,"text":108920,"children":108921},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108922,108924,108926],{"id":108487,"depth":132,"text":108923},"Use pop()",{"id":108559,"depth":132,"text":108925},"Use remove()",{"id":108639,"depth":132,"text":108927},"Use discard()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":108930},[108931,108933,108935,108936],{"id":108826,"depth":132,"text":108932},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108838,"depth":132,"text":108934},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108853,"depth":132,"text":108854},{"id":108864,"depth":132,"text":108865},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107703,"description":108938},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108945,"title":108946,"body":108947,"description":110100,"extension":1616,"meta":110101,"navigation":434,"path":110102,"seo":110103,"stem":110104,"__hash__":110105},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108948,"toc":110068},[108949,108954,108959,108968,108970,109035,109039,109063,109070,109075,109079,109094,109097,109099,109118,109132,109135,109183,109187,109203,109205,109278,109282,109307,109313,109321,109325,109332,109387,109392,109409,109414,109420,109425,109433,109440,109444,109452,109507,109509,109526,109530,109537,109602,109606,109639,109641,109653,109660,109662,109667,109674,109676,109745,109749,109757,109759,109823,109827,109832,109879,109884,109952,109960,109967,109970,109976,109981,109985,109987,109990,109992,109997,110002,110008,110013,110020,110028,110034,110037,110039,110065],[10,108950,95817,108952,18],{"id":108951},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108953,55165],{},[20,108955,108956,108958],{},[15,108957,102485],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108960,108961,108962,108965,108966,114],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[367,108963,108964],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108967,19330],{},[30,108969,33],{"id":32},[35,108971,108973],{"className":37,"code":108972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108974,108975,109007,109025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,108976,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003,109005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,108978,51],{"class":50},[44,108980,55],{"class":54},[44,108982,10141],{"class":58},[44,108984,63],{"class":62},[44,108986,67],{"class":66},[44,108988,63],{"class":62},[44,108990,72],{"class":58},[44,108992,75],{"class":62},[44,108994,78],{"class":66},[44,108996,63],{"class":62},[44,108998,72],{"class":58},[44,109000,75],{"class":62},[44,109002,87],{"class":66},[44,109004,63],{"class":62},[44,109006,8959],{"class":58},[44,109008,109009,109011,109013,109015,109017,109019,109021,109023],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109010,734],{"class":50},[44,109012,114],{"class":58},[44,109014,34436],{"class":117},[44,109016,121],{"class":58},[44,109018,63],{"class":62},[44,109020,78],{"class":66},[44,109022,63],{"class":62},[44,109024,100],{"class":58},[44,109026,109027,109029,109031,109033],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109028,136],{"class":135},[44,109030,121],{"class":58},[44,109032,734],{"class":117},[44,109034,100],{"class":58},[20,109036,109037],{},[367,109038,29669],{},[35,109040,109041],{"className":37,"code":103163,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109042,109043],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109044,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053,109055,109057,109059,109061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109046,8928],{"class":58},[44,109048,2948],{"class":62},[44,109050,67],{"class":66},[44,109052,2948],{"class":62},[44,109054,72],{"class":58},[44,109056,2943],{"class":62},[44,109058,87],{"class":66},[44,109060,2948],{"class":62},[44,109062,8959],{"class":58},[20,109064,651,109065,109067,109068,114],{},[15,109066,55165],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109069,19330],{},[30,109071,158,109073,161],{"id":109072},"what-setremove-does",[15,109074,102485],{},[20,109076,109077,1155],{},[15,109078,102485],{},[169,109080,109081,109084,109086,109088],{},[172,109082,109083],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[172,109085,95932],{},[172,109087,95935],{},[172,109089,109090,109091,109093],{},"Raises ",[15,109092,19330],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109095,109096],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[30,109098,277],{"id":276},[35,109100,109102],{"className":37,"code":109101,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109103,109104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109105,109106,109108,109110,109112,109114,109116],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109107,15314],{"class":50},[44,109109,114],{"class":58},[44,109111,34436],{"class":117},[44,109113,121],{"class":58},[44,109115,302],{"class":117},[44,109117,100],{"class":58},[169,109119,109120,109124,109129],{},[172,109121,109122,102707],{},[15,109123,15314],{},[172,109125,109126,109128],{},[15,109127,302],{}," is the item to remove",[172,109130,109131],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109133,109134],{},"Here is a small example:",[35,109136,109137],{"className":37,"code":108579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109138,109139,109159,109173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109140,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151,109153,109155,109157],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109142,199],{"class":50},[44,109144,55],{"class":54},[44,109146,10141],{"class":58},[44,109148,1133],{"class":206},[44,109150,72],{"class":58},[44,109152,488],{"class":206},[44,109154,72],{"class":58},[44,109156,524],{"class":206},[44,109158,8959],{"class":58},[44,109160,109161,109163,109165,109167,109169,109171],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109162,232],{"class":50},[44,109164,114],{"class":58},[44,109166,34436],{"class":117},[44,109168,121],{"class":58},[44,109170,1137],{"class":206},[44,109172,100],{"class":58},[44,109174,109175,109177,109179,109181],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109176,136],{"class":135},[44,109178,121],{"class":58},[44,109180,232],{"class":117},[44,109182,100],{"class":58},[20,109184,109185],{},[367,109186,29669],{},[35,109188,109189],{"className":37,"code":100915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109190,109191],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109192,109193,109195,109197,109199,109201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109194,8928],{"class":58},[44,109196,1133],{"class":206},[44,109198,72],{"class":58},[44,109200,524],{"class":206},[44,109202,8959],{"class":58},[30,109204,11124],{"id":11123},[35,109206,109208],{"className":37,"code":109207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109209,109210,109242,109246,109264,109268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109211,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220,109222,109224,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109213,1200],{"class":50},[44,109215,55],{"class":54},[44,109217,10141],{"class":58},[44,109219,63],{"class":62},[44,109221,1209],{"class":66},[44,109223,63],{"class":62},[44,109225,72],{"class":58},[44,109227,75],{"class":62},[44,109229,1218],{"class":66},[44,109231,63],{"class":62},[44,109233,72],{"class":58},[44,109235,75],{"class":62},[44,109237,1227],{"class":66},[44,109239,63],{"class":62},[44,109241,8959],{"class":58},[44,109243,109244],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109245,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,109247,109248,109250,109252,109254,109256,109258,109260,109262],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109249,1244],{"class":50},[44,109251,114],{"class":58},[44,109253,34436],{"class":117},[44,109255,121],{"class":58},[44,109257,63],{"class":62},[44,109259,1218],{"class":66},[44,109261,63],{"class":62},[44,109263,100],{"class":58},[44,109265,109266],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,109267,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,109269,109270,109272,109274,109276],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,109271,136],{"class":135},[44,109273,121],{"class":58},[44,109275,1244],{"class":117},[44,109277,100],{"class":58},[20,109279,109280],{},[367,109281,29669],{},[35,109283,109285],{"className":37,"code":109284,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109286,109287],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109288,109289,109291,109293,109295,109297,109299,109301,109303,109305],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109290,8928],{"class":58},[44,109292,2948],{"class":62},[44,109294,1209],{"class":66},[44,109296,2948],{"class":62},[44,109298,72],{"class":58},[44,109300,2943],{"class":62},[44,109302,1227],{"class":66},[44,109304,2948],{"class":62},[44,109306,8959],{"class":58},[20,109308,109309,109310,109312],{},"This removes ",[15,109311,1289],{}," from the set.",[20,109314,109315,109316,109318,109319,114],{},"A set does ",[367,109317,881],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[270,109320,95949],{"href":97500},[30,109322,109324],{"id":109323},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109326,109327,109328,52131,109330,114],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109329,55165],{},[15,109331,19330],{},[35,109333,109335],{"className":37,"code":109334,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109336,109337,109369],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109338,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365,109367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109340,51],{"class":50},[44,109342,55],{"class":54},[44,109344,10141],{"class":58},[44,109346,63],{"class":62},[44,109348,67],{"class":66},[44,109350,63],{"class":62},[44,109352,72],{"class":58},[44,109354,75],{"class":62},[44,109356,78],{"class":66},[44,109358,63],{"class":62},[44,109360,72],{"class":58},[44,109362,75],{"class":62},[44,109364,87],{"class":66},[44,109366,63],{"class":62},[44,109368,8959],{"class":58},[44,109370,109371,109373,109375,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109372,734],{"class":50},[44,109374,114],{"class":58},[44,109376,34436],{"class":117},[44,109378,121],{"class":58},[44,109380,63],{"class":62},[44,109382,745],{"class":66},[44,109384,63],{"class":62},[44,109386,100],{"class":58},[20,109388,109389],{},[367,109390,109391],{},"Result:",[35,109393,109395],{"className":37,"code":109394,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109396,109397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109398,109399,109401,109403,109405,109407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109400,19330],{"class":2546},[44,109402,1155],{"class":58},[44,109404,2943],{"class":62},[44,109406,745],{"class":66},[44,109408,29339],{"class":62},[20,109410,21829,109411,109413],{},[15,109412,755],{}," is not in the set.",[20,109415,109416,109417,109419],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109418,55165],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109421,109422,109423,114],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[270,109424,10912],{"href":10724},[30,109426,3847,109428,109430,109431],{"id":109427},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109429,55165],{}," is different from ",[15,109432,102471],{},[20,109434,109435,898,109437,109439],{},[15,109436,55165],{},[15,109438,102471],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[338,109441,109442],{"id":34436},[15,109443,55165],{},[169,109445,109446,109449],{},[172,109447,109448],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[172,109450,109451],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[35,109453,109455],{"className":37,"code":109454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109456,109457,109489],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109458,109459,109461,109463,109465,109467,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483,109485,109487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109460,382],{"class":50},[44,109462,55],{"class":54},[44,109464,10141],{"class":58},[44,109466,63],{"class":62},[44,109468,270],{"class":66},[44,109470,63],{"class":62},[44,109472,72],{"class":58},[44,109474,75],{"class":62},[44,109476,399],{"class":66},[44,109478,63],{"class":62},[44,109480,72],{"class":58},[44,109482,75],{"class":62},[44,109484,408],{"class":66},[44,109486,63],{"class":62},[44,109488,8959],{"class":58},[44,109490,109491,109493,109495,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109492,444],{"class":50},[44,109494,114],{"class":58},[44,109496,34436],{"class":117},[44,109498,121],{"class":58},[44,109500,63],{"class":62},[44,109502,425],{"class":66},[44,109504,63],{"class":62},[44,109506,100],{"class":58},[20,109508,108266],{},[35,109510,109512],{"className":37,"code":109511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109513,109514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109515,109516,109518,109520,109522,109524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109517,19330],{"class":2546},[44,109519,1155],{"class":58},[44,109521,2943],{"class":62},[44,109523,425],{"class":66},[44,109525,29339],{"class":62},[338,109527,109528],{"id":102538},[15,109529,102471],{},[169,109531,109532,109534],{},[172,109533,109448],{},[172,109535,109536],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[35,109538,109540],{"className":37,"code":109539,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109541,109542,109574,109592],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109543,109544,109546,109548,109550,109552,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568,109570,109572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109545,382],{"class":50},[44,109547,55],{"class":54},[44,109549,10141],{"class":58},[44,109551,63],{"class":62},[44,109553,270],{"class":66},[44,109555,63],{"class":62},[44,109557,72],{"class":58},[44,109559,75],{"class":62},[44,109561,399],{"class":66},[44,109563,63],{"class":62},[44,109565,72],{"class":58},[44,109567,75],{"class":62},[44,109569,408],{"class":66},[44,109571,63],{"class":62},[44,109573,8959],{"class":58},[44,109575,109576,109578,109580,109582,109584,109586,109588,109590],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109577,444],{"class":50},[44,109579,114],{"class":58},[44,109581,102538],{"class":117},[44,109583,121],{"class":58},[44,109585,63],{"class":62},[44,109587,425],{"class":66},[44,109589,63],{"class":62},[44,109591,100],{"class":58},[44,109593,109594,109596,109598,109600],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109595,136],{"class":135},[44,109597,121],{"class":58},[44,109599,444],{"class":117},[44,109601,100],{"class":58},[20,109603,109604],{},[367,109605,247],{},[35,109607,109609],{"className":37,"code":109608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109610,109611],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109612,109613,109615,109617,109619,109621,109623,109625,109627,109629,109631,109633,109635,109637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109614,8928],{"class":58},[44,109616,2948],{"class":62},[44,109618,270],{"class":66},[44,109620,2948],{"class":62},[44,109622,72],{"class":58},[44,109624,2943],{"class":62},[44,109626,399],{"class":66},[44,109628,2948],{"class":62},[44,109630,72],{"class":58},[44,109632,2943],{"class":62},[44,109634,408],{"class":66},[44,109636,2948],{"class":62},[44,109638,8959],{"class":58},[20,109640,18338],{},[169,109642,109643,109648],{},[172,109644,109645,109647],{},[15,109646,55165],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[172,109649,109650,109652],{},[15,109651,102471],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109654,109655,109656,114],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[270,109657,96431,109658,1180],{"href":108071},[15,109659,102471],{},[30,109661,4168],{"id":4167},[338,109663,1312,109665,96811],{"id":109664},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109666,55165],{},[20,109668,109669,109671,109672,114],{},[15,109670,55165],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109673,3428],{},[20,109675,16291],{},[35,109677,109679],{"className":37,"code":109678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109680,109681,109713,109735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109682,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709,109711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109684,51],{"class":50},[44,109686,55],{"class":54},[44,109688,10141],{"class":58},[44,109690,63],{"class":62},[44,109692,67],{"class":66},[44,109694,63],{"class":62},[44,109696,72],{"class":58},[44,109698,75],{"class":62},[44,109700,78],{"class":66},[44,109702,63],{"class":62},[44,109704,72],{"class":58},[44,109706,75],{"class":62},[44,109708,87],{"class":66},[44,109710,63],{"class":62},[44,109712,8959],{"class":58},[44,109714,109715,109717,109719,109721,109723,109725,109727,109729,109731,109733],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109716,12767],{"class":50},[44,109718,55],{"class":54},[44,109720,111],{"class":50},[44,109722,114],{"class":58},[44,109724,34436],{"class":117},[44,109726,121],{"class":58},[44,109728,63],{"class":62},[44,109730,78],{"class":66},[44,109732,63],{"class":62},[44,109734,100],{"class":58},[44,109736,109737,109739,109741,109743],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109738,136],{"class":135},[44,109740,121],{"class":58},[44,109742,12790],{"class":117},[44,109744,100],{"class":58},[20,109746,109747],{},[367,109748,247],{},[35,109750,109751],{"className":37,"code":11458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109752,109753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109754,109755],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109756,11458],{"class":3502},[20,109758,16303],{},[35,109760,109761],{"className":37,"code":108972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,109762,109763,109795,109813],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109764,109765,109767,109769,109771,109773,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789,109791,109793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109766,51],{"class":50},[44,109768,55],{"class":54},[44,109770,10141],{"class":58},[44,109772,63],{"class":62},[44,109774,67],{"class":66},[44,109776,63],{"class":62},[44,109778,72],{"class":58},[44,109780,75],{"class":62},[44,109782,78],{"class":66},[44,109784,63],{"class":62},[44,109786,72],{"class":58},[44,109788,75],{"class":62},[44,109790,87],{"class":66},[44,109792,63],{"class":62},[44,109794,8959],{"class":58},[44,109796,109797,109799,109801,109803,109805,109807,109809,109811],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109798,734],{"class":50},[44,109800,114],{"class":58},[44,109802,34436],{"class":117},[44,109804,121],{"class":58},[44,109806,63],{"class":62},[44,109808,78],{"class":66},[44,109810,63],{"class":62},[44,109812,100],{"class":58},[44,109814,109815,109817,109819,109821],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109816,136],{"class":135},[44,109818,121],{"class":58},[44,109820,734],{"class":117},[44,109822,100],{"class":58},[338,109824,109826],{"id":109825},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109828,109829,109830,114],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109831,19330],{},[35,109833,109835],{"className":37,"code":109834,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109836,109837,109861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109838,109839,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855,109857,109859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109840,51],{"class":50},[44,109842,55],{"class":54},[44,109844,10141],{"class":58},[44,109846,63],{"class":62},[44,109848,67],{"class":66},[44,109850,63],{"class":62},[44,109852,72],{"class":58},[44,109854,75],{"class":62},[44,109856,78],{"class":66},[44,109858,63],{"class":62},[44,109860,8959],{"class":58},[44,109862,109863,109865,109867,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109864,734],{"class":50},[44,109866,114],{"class":58},[44,109868,34436],{"class":117},[44,109870,121],{"class":58},[44,109872,63],{"class":62},[44,109874,87],{"class":66},[44,109876,63],{"class":62},[44,109878,100],{"class":58},[20,109880,109881,109882,1155],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109883,1383],{},[35,109885,109887],{"className":37,"code":109886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109888,109889,109913,109917,109933],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,109890,109891,109893,109895,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909,109911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,109892,51],{"class":50},[44,109894,55],{"class":54},[44,109896,10141],{"class":58},[44,109898,63],{"class":62},[44,109900,67],{"class":66},[44,109902,63],{"class":62},[44,109904,72],{"class":58},[44,109906,75],{"class":62},[44,109908,78],{"class":66},[44,109910,63],{"class":62},[44,109912,8959],{"class":58},[44,109914,109915],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,109916,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,109918,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,109920,806],{"class":805},[44,109922,75],{"class":62},[44,109924,87],{"class":66},[44,109926,63],{"class":62},[44,109928,815],{"class":54},[44,109930,111],{"class":50},[44,109932,820],{"class":58},[44,109934,109935,109938,109940,109942,109944,109946,109948,109950],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,109936,109937],{"class":50},"    colors",[44,109939,114],{"class":58},[44,109941,34436],{"class":117},[44,109943,121],{"class":58},[44,109945,63],{"class":62},[44,109947,87],{"class":66},[44,109949,63],{"class":62},[44,109951,100],{"class":58},[20,109953,109954,109955,109959],{},"Or use ",[270,109956,109957],{"href":108071},[15,109958,102471],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[338,109961,1330,109963,8354,109965],{"id":109962},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109964,102485],{},[15,109966,54711],{},[20,109968,109969],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109971,109972,109973,109975],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109974,102485],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109977,109978,109979,114],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[270,109980,98695],{"href":98694},[338,109982,109984],{"id":109983},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109986,107977],{},[20,109988,109989],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[30,109991,1497],{"id":1496},[338,109993,12355,109995,96910],{"id":109994},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109996,102485],{},[20,109998,109999,110000,114],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110001,3428],{},[338,110003,29927,110005,110007],{"id":110004},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110006,102485],{}," raise?",[20,110009,29933,110010,110012],{},[15,110011,19330],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[338,110014,21061,110016,2522,110018,1547],{"id":110015},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110017,55165],{},[15,110019,102471],{},[20,110021,651,110022,110024,110025,110027],{},[15,110023,55165],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110026,102471],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[338,110029,4818,110031,110033],{"id":110030},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110032,102485],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110035,110036],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[30,110038,1554],{"id":1553},[169,110040,110041,110047,110053,110057,110061],{},[172,110042,110043],{},[270,110044,96431,110045,1180],{"href":108071},[15,110046,102471],{},[172,110048,110049],{},[270,110050,96431,110051,1180],{"href":97831},[15,110052,12413],{},[172,110054,110055],{},[270,110056,96955],{"href":97500},[172,110058,110059],{},[270,110060,99961],{"href":98694},[172,110062,110063],{},[270,110064,10912],{"href":10724},[1583,110066,110067],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":110069},[110070,110071,110073,110074,110075,110076,110081,110089,110099],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":109072,"depth":103,"text":110072},"What set.remove() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":109323,"depth":103,"text":109324},{"id":109427,"depth":103,"text":110077,"children":110078},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110079,110080],{"id":34436,"depth":132,"text":55165},{"id":102538,"depth":132,"text":102471},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":110082},[110083,110085,110086,110088],{"id":109664,"depth":132,"text":110084},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109825,"depth":132,"text":109826},{"id":109962,"depth":132,"text":110087},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109983,"depth":132,"text":109984},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":110090},[110091,110093,110095,110097],{"id":109994,"depth":132,"text":110092},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110004,"depth":132,"text":110094},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110015,"depth":132,"text":110096},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110030,"depth":132,"text":110098},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108946,"description":110100},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110107,"title":110108,"body":110109,"description":111482,"extension":1616,"meta":111483,"navigation":434,"path":111484,"seo":111485,"stem":111486,"__hash__":111487},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110110,"toc":111457},[110111,110117,110123,110126,110129,110143,110145,110226,110229,110234,110238,110252,110259,110261,110280,110283,110301,110303,110383,110385,110410,110414,110417,110425,110430,110435,110437,110450,110455,110458,110482,110485,110493,110495,110498,110595,110597,110630,110632,110658,110665,110668,110672,110680,110684,110692,110694,110784,110786,110800,110807,110812,110817,110819,110910,110912,110924,110926,110940,110946,110954,110956,111038,111040,111085,111088,111096,111099,111101,111105,111148,111150,111170,111175,111177,111262,111264,111269,111271,111278,111286,111292,111295,111297,111383,111385,111409,111413,111416,111418,111445,111455],[10,110112,95817,110114,18],{"id":110113},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110115,110116],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110118,110119,110122],{},[15,110120,110121],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110124,110125],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110127,110128],{},"Use it when:",[169,110130,110131,110134,110140],{},[172,110132,110133],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[172,110135,110136,110137,110139],{},"you do ",[367,110138,881],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[172,110141,110142],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[30,110144,3259],{"id":3258},[35,110146,110148],{"className":37,"code":110147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110149,110150,110170,110190,110194,110213],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110151,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166,110168],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110153,2198],{"class":50},[44,110155,55],{"class":54},[44,110157,10141],{"class":58},[44,110159,1133],{"class":206},[44,110161,72],{"class":58},[44,110163,488],{"class":206},[44,110165,72],{"class":58},[44,110167,524],{"class":206},[44,110169,8959],{"class":58},[44,110171,110172,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110184,110186,110188],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,110173,2226],{"class":50},[44,110175,55],{"class":54},[44,110177,10141],{"class":58},[44,110179,1141],{"class":206},[44,110181,72],{"class":58},[44,110183,1114],{"class":206},[44,110185,72],{"class":58},[44,110187,939],{"class":206},[44,110189,8959],{"class":58},[44,110191,110192],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110193,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,110195,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204,110207,110209,110211],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,110197,604],{"class":50},[44,110199,55],{"class":54},[44,110201,56524],{"class":50},[44,110203,114],{"class":58},[44,110205,110206],{"class":117},"symmetric_difference",[44,110208,121],{"class":58},[44,110210,399],{"class":117},[44,110212,100],{"class":58},[44,110214,110215,110217,110219,110221,110223],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,110216,136],{"class":135},[44,110218,121],{"class":58},[44,110220,632],{"class":117},[44,110222,144],{"class":58},[44,110224,110225],{"class":147},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110227,110228],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[30,110230,158,110232,161],{"id":110231},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110233,110116],{},[20,110235,110236,1155],{},[15,110237,110121],{},[169,110239,110240,110243,110246,110249],{},[172,110241,110242],{},"returns a new set",[172,110244,110245],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[172,110247,110248],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[172,110250,110251],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110253,95941,110254,2522,110256,114],{},[270,110255,95945],{"href":95944},[270,110257,110258],{"href":95948},"creating a set in Python",[30,110260,277],{"id":276},[35,110262,110264],{"className":37,"code":110263,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110265,110266],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110267,110268,110270,110272,110274,110276,110278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110269,100202],{"class":50},[44,110271,114],{"class":58},[44,110273,110206],{"class":117},[44,110275,121],{"class":58},[44,110277,100211],{"class":117},[44,110279,100],{"class":58},[20,110281,110282],{},"Notes:",[169,110284,110285,110290,110295,110298],{},[172,110286,110287,110289],{},[15,110288,100202],{}," must be a set",[172,110291,110292,110294],{},[15,110293,100211],{}," can be any iterable",[172,110296,110297],{},"the result is always a set",[172,110299,110300],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110302,189],{},[35,110304,110306],{"className":37,"code":110305,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110307,110308,110329,110350,110354,110373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110309,110310,110313,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110311,110312],{"class":50},"set1 ",[44,110314,55],{"class":54},[44,110316,10141],{"class":58},[44,110318,1133],{"class":206},[44,110320,72],{"class":58},[44,110322,488],{"class":206},[44,110324,72],{"class":58},[44,110326,524],{"class":206},[44,110328,8959],{"class":58},[44,110330,110331,110334,110336,110338,110340,110342,110344,110346,110348],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,110332,110333],{"class":50},"set2 ",[44,110335,55],{"class":54},[44,110337,10141],{"class":58},[44,110339,1141],{"class":206},[44,110341,72],{"class":58},[44,110343,1114],{"class":206},[44,110345,72],{"class":58},[44,110347,939],{"class":206},[44,110349,8959],{"class":58},[44,110351,110352],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110353,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,110355,110356,110358,110360,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,110357,604],{"class":50},[44,110359,55],{"class":54},[44,110361,110362],{"class":50}," set1",[44,110364,114],{"class":58},[44,110366,110206],{"class":117},[44,110368,121],{"class":58},[44,110370,100211],{"class":117},[44,110372,100],{"class":58},[44,110374,110375,110377,110379,110381],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,110376,136],{"class":135},[44,110378,121],{"class":58},[44,110380,632],{"class":117},[44,110382,100],{"class":58},[20,110384,247],{},[35,110386,110388],{"className":37,"code":110387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110389,110390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110391,110392,110394,110396,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110393,8928],{"class":58},[44,110395,1133],{"class":206},[44,110397,72],{"class":58},[44,110399,488],{"class":206},[44,110401,72],{"class":58},[44,110403,1114],{"class":206},[44,110405,72],{"class":58},[44,110407,939],{"class":206},[44,110409,8959],{"class":58},[30,110411,110413],{"id":110412},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110415,110416],{},"The result includes:",[169,110418,110419,110422],{},[172,110420,110421],{},"items only in the first set",[172,110423,110424],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110426,110427,110428,10733],{},"The result does ",[367,110429,881],{},[169,110431,110432],{},[172,110433,110434],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110436,5120],{},[169,110438,110439,110444],{},[172,110440,110441,110442],{},"first set: ",[15,110443,99899],{},[172,110445,110446,110447],{},"second set: ",[15,110448,110449],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110451,3699,110452,110454],{},[15,110453,1141],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110456,110457],{},"The output is:",[35,110459,110460],{"className":37,"code":110387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,110461,110462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110463,110464,110466,110468,110470,110472,110474,110476,110478,110480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110465,8928],{"class":58},[44,110467,1133],{"class":206},[44,110469,72],{"class":58},[44,110471,488],{"class":206},[44,110473,72],{"class":58},[44,110475,1114],{"class":206},[44,110477,72],{"class":58},[44,110479,939],{"class":206},[44,110481,8959],{"class":58},[20,110483,110484],{},"Also remember:",[169,110486,110487,110490],{},[172,110488,110489],{},"sets are unordered",[172,110491,110492],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[30,110494,11124],{"id":11123},[20,110496,110497],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[35,110499,110501],{"className":37,"code":110500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110502,110503,110535,110559,110563,110581,110585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110504,110505,110507,110509,110511,110513,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110506,106639],{"class":50},[44,110508,55],{"class":54},[44,110510,10141],{"class":58},[44,110512,63],{"class":62},[44,110514,67],{"class":66},[44,110516,63],{"class":62},[44,110518,72],{"class":58},[44,110520,75],{"class":62},[44,110522,78],{"class":66},[44,110524,63],{"class":62},[44,110526,72],{"class":58},[44,110528,75],{"class":62},[44,110530,87],{"class":66},[44,110532,63],{"class":62},[44,110534,8959],{"class":58},[44,110536,110537,110539,110541,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,110538,106672],{"class":50},[44,110540,55],{"class":54},[44,110542,10141],{"class":58},[44,110544,63],{"class":62},[44,110546,87],{"class":66},[44,110548,63],{"class":62},[44,110550,72],{"class":58},[44,110552,75],{"class":62},[44,110554,745],{"class":66},[44,110556,63],{"class":62},[44,110558,8959],{"class":58},[44,110560,110561],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110562,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,110564,110565,110567,110569,110571,110573,110575,110577,110579],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,110566,604],{"class":50},[44,110568,55],{"class":54},[44,110570,106714],{"class":50},[44,110572,114],{"class":58},[44,110574,110206],{"class":117},[44,110576,121],{"class":58},[44,110578,106723],{"class":117},[44,110580,100],{"class":58},[44,110582,110583],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,110584,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,110586,110587,110589,110591,110593],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,110588,136],{"class":135},[44,110590,121],{"class":58},[44,110592,632],{"class":117},[44,110594,100],{"class":58},[20,110596,247],{},[35,110598,110600],{"className":37,"code":110599,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110601,110602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110603,110604,110606,110608,110610,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110605,8928],{"class":58},[44,110607,2948],{"class":62},[44,110609,67],{"class":66},[44,110611,2948],{"class":62},[44,110613,72],{"class":58},[44,110615,2943],{"class":62},[44,110617,78],{"class":66},[44,110619,2948],{"class":62},[44,110621,72],{"class":58},[44,110623,2943],{"class":62},[44,110625,745],{"class":66},[44,110627,2948],{"class":62},[44,110629,8959],{"class":58},[20,110631,13057],{},[169,110633,110634,110639,110650],{},[172,110635,110636,110638],{},[15,110637,96110],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[172,110640,110641,898,110643,110646,110647,110649],{},[15,110642,65018],{},[15,110644,110645],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110648,106776],{},", so they stay",[172,110651,110652,110654,110655,110657],{},[15,110653,755],{}," is only in ",[15,110656,106723],{},", so it stays",[30,110659,110661,10236,110663],{"id":110660},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110662,110116],{},[15,110664,100031],{},[20,110666,110667],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110669,110670,1155],{},[15,110671,100031],{},[169,110673,110674,110677],{},[172,110675,110676],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[172,110678,110679],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110681,110682,1155],{},[15,110683,110116],{},[169,110685,110686,110689],{},[172,110687,110688],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[172,110690,110691],{},"removes shared items",[20,110693,189],{},[35,110695,110697],{"className":37,"code":110696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110698,110699,110719,110739,110743,110764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110700,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715,110717],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110702,2198],{"class":50},[44,110704,55],{"class":54},[44,110706,10141],{"class":58},[44,110708,1133],{"class":206},[44,110710,72],{"class":58},[44,110712,488],{"class":206},[44,110714,72],{"class":58},[44,110716,524],{"class":206},[44,110718,8959],{"class":58},[44,110720,110721,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,110722,2226],{"class":50},[44,110724,55],{"class":54},[44,110726,10141],{"class":58},[44,110728,1141],{"class":206},[44,110730,72],{"class":58},[44,110732,1114],{"class":206},[44,110734,72],{"class":58},[44,110736,939],{"class":206},[44,110738,8959],{"class":58},[44,110740,110741],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110742,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,110744,110745,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,110746,136],{"class":135},[44,110748,121],{"class":58},[44,110750,270],{"class":117},[44,110752,114],{"class":58},[44,110754,2456],{"class":117},[44,110756,121],{"class":58},[44,110758,399],{"class":117},[44,110760,459],{"class":58},[44,110762,110763],{"class":147},"            # {1, 2}\n",[44,110765,110766,110768,110770,110772,110774,110776,110778,110780,110782],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,110767,136],{"class":135},[44,110769,121],{"class":58},[44,110771,270],{"class":117},[44,110773,114],{"class":58},[44,110775,110206],{"class":117},[44,110777,121],{"class":58},[44,110779,399],{"class":117},[44,110781,459],{"class":58},[44,110783,110225],{"class":147},[20,110785,18338],{},[169,110787,110788,110795],{},[172,110789,110790,110794],{},[270,110791,110792],{"href":102457},[15,110793,100031],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[172,110796,110797,110799],{},[15,110798,110116],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[30,110801,110803,10236,110805],{"id":110802},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110804,110116],{},[15,110806,102416],{},[20,110808,110809,110811],{},[15,110810,102416],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110813,110814,110816],{},[15,110815,110116],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110818,189],{},[35,110820,110822],{"className":37,"code":110821,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110823,110824,110844,110864,110868,110890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110825,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840,110842],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110827,2198],{"class":50},[44,110829,55],{"class":54},[44,110831,10141],{"class":58},[44,110833,1133],{"class":206},[44,110835,72],{"class":58},[44,110837,488],{"class":206},[44,110839,72],{"class":58},[44,110841,524],{"class":206},[44,110843,8959],{"class":58},[44,110845,110846,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,110847,2226],{"class":50},[44,110849,55],{"class":54},[44,110851,10141],{"class":58},[44,110853,1141],{"class":206},[44,110855,72],{"class":58},[44,110857,1114],{"class":206},[44,110859,72],{"class":58},[44,110861,939],{"class":206},[44,110863,8959],{"class":58},[44,110865,110866],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,110867,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,110869,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110881,110883,110885,110887],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,110871,136],{"class":135},[44,110873,121],{"class":58},[44,110875,270],{"class":117},[44,110877,114],{"class":58},[44,110879,110880],{"class":117},"union",[44,110882,121],{"class":58},[44,110884,399],{"class":117},[44,110886,459],{"class":58},[44,110888,110889],{"class":147},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[44,110891,110892,110894,110896,110898,110900,110902,110904,110906,110908],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,110893,136],{"class":135},[44,110895,121],{"class":58},[44,110897,270],{"class":117},[44,110899,114],{"class":58},[44,110901,110206],{"class":117},[44,110903,121],{"class":58},[44,110905,399],{"class":117},[44,110907,459],{"class":58},[44,110909,110225],{"class":147},[20,110911,26861],{},[169,110913,110914,110919],{},[172,110915,110916,110918],{},[15,110917,102416],{}," includes everything",[172,110920,110921,110923],{},[15,110922,110116],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110925,18338],{},[169,110927,110928,110935],{},[172,110929,110930,110934],{},[270,110931,110932],{"href":107344},[15,110933,102416],{}," when overlap does not matter",[172,110936,110937,110939],{},[15,110938,110116],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[30,110941,36250,110943,101215],{"id":110942},"using-the-operator",[15,110944,110945],{},"^",[20,110947,110948,110949,110951,110952,114],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110950,110945],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110953,110116],{},[20,110955,189],{},[35,110957,110959],{"className":37,"code":110958,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110960,110961,110981,111001,111005,111023],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,110962,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,110964,110312],{"class":50},[44,110966,55],{"class":54},[44,110968,10141],{"class":58},[44,110970,1133],{"class":206},[44,110972,72],{"class":58},[44,110974,488],{"class":206},[44,110976,72],{"class":58},[44,110978,524],{"class":206},[44,110980,8959],{"class":58},[44,110982,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,110984,110333],{"class":50},[44,110986,55],{"class":54},[44,110988,10141],{"class":58},[44,110990,1141],{"class":206},[44,110992,72],{"class":58},[44,110994,1114],{"class":206},[44,110996,72],{"class":58},[44,110998,939],{"class":206},[44,111000,8959],{"class":58},[44,111002,111003],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111004,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111006,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017,111019,111021],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,111008,136],{"class":135},[44,111010,121],{"class":58},[44,111012,100202],{"class":117},[44,111014,114],{"class":58},[44,111016,110206],{"class":117},[44,111018,121],{"class":58},[44,111020,100211],{"class":117},[44,111022,244],{"class":58},[44,111024,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111036],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,111026,136],{"class":135},[44,111028,121],{"class":58},[44,111030,110312],{"class":117},[44,111032,110945],{"class":54},[44,111034,111035],{"class":117}," set2",[44,111037,100],{"class":58},[20,111039,29669],{},[35,111041,111043],{"className":37,"code":111042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111044,111045,111065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111046,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061,111063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111048,8928],{"class":58},[44,111050,1133],{"class":206},[44,111052,72],{"class":58},[44,111054,488],{"class":206},[44,111056,72],{"class":58},[44,111058,1114],{"class":206},[44,111060,72],{"class":58},[44,111062,939],{"class":206},[44,111064,8959],{"class":58},[44,111066,111067,111069,111071,111073,111075,111077,111079,111081,111083],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,111068,8928],{"class":58},[44,111070,1133],{"class":206},[44,111072,72],{"class":58},[44,111074,488],{"class":206},[44,111076,72],{"class":58},[44,111078,1114],{"class":206},[44,111080,72],{"class":58},[44,111082,939],{"class":206},[44,111084,8959],{"class":58},[20,111086,111087],{},"Both forms:",[169,111089,111090,111093],{},[172,111091,111092],{},"return a new set",[172,111094,111095],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111097,111098],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[30,111100,4168],{"id":4167},[20,111102,20852,111103,1155],{},[15,111104,110116],{},[169,111106,111107,111115,111125,111140],{},[172,111108,111109,111112,111114],{},[367,111110,111111],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9496,111113],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[172,111116,111117,111120,111122,111124],{},[367,111118,111119],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9496,111121],{},[15,111123,110116],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[172,111126,111127,111132,111134,111136,111137,111139],{},[367,111128,111129,111130],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111131,100031],{},[9496,111133],{},[15,111135,100031],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111138,110116],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[172,111141,111142,111145,111147],{},[367,111143,111144],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9496,111146],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111149,58495],{},[169,111151,111152,111161,111164,111167],{},[172,111153,50130,111154,44267,111156,111160],{},[15,111155,110116],{},[270,111157,111158],{"href":107344},[15,111159,102416],{}," is actually needed",[172,111162,111163],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[172,111165,111166],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[172,111168,111169],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111171,111172,111173,114],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[270,111174,98695],{"href":104958},[20,111176,61926],{},[35,111178,111180],{"className":37,"code":111179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111181,111182,111192,111202,111220,111234,111248],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111183,111184,111186,111188,111190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111185,136],{"class":135},[44,111187,121],{"class":58},[44,111189,100202],{"class":117},[44,111191,100],{"class":58},[44,111193,111194,111196,111198,111200],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,111195,136],{"class":135},[44,111197,121],{"class":58},[44,111199,100211],{"class":117},[44,111201,100],{"class":58},[44,111203,111204,111206,111208,111210,111212,111214,111216,111218],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111205,136],{"class":135},[44,111207,121],{"class":58},[44,111209,100202],{"class":117},[44,111211,114],{"class":58},[44,111213,110206],{"class":117},[44,111215,121],{"class":58},[44,111217,100211],{"class":117},[44,111219,244],{"class":58},[44,111221,111222,111224,111226,111228,111230,111232],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,111223,136],{"class":135},[44,111225,121],{"class":58},[44,111227,110312],{"class":117},[44,111229,110945],{"class":54},[44,111231,111035],{"class":117},[44,111233,100],{"class":58},[44,111235,111236,111238,111240,111242,111244,111246],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,111237,136],{"class":135},[44,111239,121],{"class":58},[44,111241,2868],{"class":2546},[44,111243,121],{"class":58},[44,111245,100202],{"class":117},[44,111247,244],{"class":58},[44,111249,111250,111252,111254,111256,111258,111260],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,111251,136],{"class":135},[44,111253,121],{"class":58},[44,111255,2868],{"class":2546},[44,111257,121],{"class":58},[44,111259,100211],{"class":117},[44,111261,244],{"class":58},[30,111263,1497],{"id":1496},[338,111265,12355,111267,102356],{"id":111266},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111268,110116],{},[20,111270,102359],{},[338,111272,4828,111274,898,111276,1547],{"id":111273},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111275,110116],{},[15,111277,100031],{},[20,111279,111280,111282,111283,111285],{},[15,111281,100031],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111284,110116],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[338,111287,27967,111289,111291],{"id":111288},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111290,110116],{}," with lists?",[20,111293,111294],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111296,189],{},[35,111298,111300],{"className":37,"code":111299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111301,111302,111322,111342,111346,111373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111303,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318,111320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111305,80274],{"class":50},[44,111307,55],{"class":54},[44,111309,3273],{"class":58},[44,111311,1133],{"class":206},[44,111313,72],{"class":58},[44,111315,488],{"class":206},[44,111317,72],{"class":58},[44,111319,524],{"class":206},[44,111321,3286],{"class":58},[44,111323,111324,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338,111340],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,111325,80295],{"class":50},[44,111327,55],{"class":54},[44,111329,3273],{"class":58},[44,111331,1141],{"class":206},[44,111333,72],{"class":58},[44,111335,1114],{"class":206},[44,111337,72],{"class":58},[44,111339,939],{"class":206},[44,111341,3286],{"class":58},[44,111343,111344],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111345,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111347,111348,111350,111352,111354,111356,111359,111361,111363,111365,111367,111369,111371],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,111349,604],{"class":50},[44,111351,55],{"class":54},[44,111353,15281],{"class":2546},[44,111355,121],{"class":58},[44,111357,111358],{"class":117},"list1",[44,111360,8280],{"class":58},[44,111362,110206],{"class":117},[44,111364,121],{"class":58},[44,111366,5935],{"class":2546},[44,111368,121],{"class":58},[44,111370,80561],{"class":117},[44,111372,244],{"class":58},[44,111374,111375,111377,111379,111381],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,111376,136],{"class":135},[44,111378,121],{"class":58},[44,111380,632],{"class":117},[44,111382,100],{"class":58},[20,111384,247],{},[35,111386,111387],{"className":37,"code":110387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,111388,111389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111390,111391,111393,111395,111397,111399,111401,111403,111405,111407],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111392,8928],{"class":58},[44,111394,1133],{"class":206},[44,111396,72],{"class":58},[44,111398,488],{"class":206},[44,111400,72],{"class":58},[44,111402,1114],{"class":206},[44,111404,72],{"class":58},[44,111406,939],{"class":206},[44,111408,8959],{"class":58},[338,111410,111412],{"id":111411},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111414,111415],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[30,111417,1554],{"id":1553},[169,111419,111420,111424,111429,111435,111441],{},[172,111421,111422],{},[270,111423,95945],{"href":95944},[172,111425,111426],{},[270,111427,111428],{"href":95948},"Creating a set in Python",[172,111430,111431],{},[270,111432,96431,111433,1180],{"href":102457},[15,111434,100031],{},[172,111436,111437],{},[270,111438,96431,111439,1180],{"href":107344},[15,111440,102416],{},[172,111442,111443],{},[270,111444,99961],{"href":104958},[20,111446,111447,111448,1134,111450,1138,111452,111454],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111449,100031],{},[15,111451,102416],{},[15,111453,110116],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1583,111456,56877],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":111458},[111459,111460,111462,111463,111464,111465,111467,111469,111471,111472,111481],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":110231,"depth":103,"text":111461},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":110412,"depth":103,"text":110413},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":110660,"depth":103,"text":111466},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110802,"depth":103,"text":111468},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110942,"depth":103,"text":111470},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":111473},[111474,111476,111478,111480],{"id":111266,"depth":132,"text":111475},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111273,"depth":132,"text":111477},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111288,"depth":132,"text":111479},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111411,"depth":132,"text":111412},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110108,"description":111482},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111489,"title":111490,"body":111491,"description":113554,"extension":1616,"meta":113555,"navigation":434,"path":107344,"seo":113556,"stem":113557,"__hash__":113558},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111492,"toc":113513},[111493,111498,111503,111506,111519,111521,111603,111608,111613,111617,111629,111632,111636,111638,111665,111667,111678,111681,111750,111752,111758,111761,111771,111773,111862,111867,111869,111876,111879,111881,111884,112004,112006,112075,112078,112095,112100,112103,112219,112221,112250,112253,112259,112264,112268,112349,112351,112379,112384,112388,112483,112485,112526,112530,112533,112600,112602,112643,112649,112664,112671,112678,112682,112688,112774,112778,112786,112857,112862,112869,112871,112877,112879,112944,112946,112962,112967,112970,113039,113043,113046,113105,113108,113112,113165,113178,113181,113234,113238,113240,113271,113274,113279,113332,113336,113339,113360,113372,113374,113427,113429,113434,113436,113442,113445,113451,113456,113460,113463,113471,113480,113482,113510],[10,111494,3225,111496,18],{"id":111495},"python-setunion-method",[15,111497,107657],{},[20,111499,111500,111502],{},[15,111501,107657],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111504,111505],{},"It is useful when you want:",[169,111507,111508,111511,111516],{},[172,111509,111510],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[172,111512,2198,111513,111515],{},[367,111514,100386],{}," as the result",[172,111517,111518],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[30,111520,33],{"id":32},[35,111522,111524],{"className":37,"code":111523,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111525,111526,111546,111566,111570,111588,111598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111527,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542,111544],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111529,110312],{"class":50},[44,111531,55],{"class":54},[44,111533,10141],{"class":58},[44,111535,1133],{"class":206},[44,111537,72],{"class":58},[44,111539,488],{"class":206},[44,111541,72],{"class":58},[44,111543,524],{"class":206},[44,111545,8959],{"class":58},[44,111547,111548,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,111549,110333],{"class":50},[44,111551,55],{"class":54},[44,111553,10141],{"class":58},[44,111555,1141],{"class":206},[44,111557,72],{"class":58},[44,111559,1114],{"class":206},[44,111561,72],{"class":58},[44,111563,939],{"class":206},[44,111565,8959],{"class":58},[44,111567,111568],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111569,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111571,111572,111574,111576,111578,111580,111582,111584,111586],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,111573,604],{"class":50},[44,111575,55],{"class":54},[44,111577,110362],{"class":50},[44,111579,114],{"class":58},[44,111581,110880],{"class":117},[44,111583,121],{"class":58},[44,111585,100211],{"class":117},[44,111587,100],{"class":58},[44,111589,111590,111592,111594,111596],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,111591,136],{"class":135},[44,111593,121],{"class":58},[44,111595,632],{"class":117},[44,111597,100],{"class":58},[44,111599,111600],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,111601,111602],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111604,111605,111607],{},[15,111606,102416],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[30,111609,158,111611,161],{"id":111610},"what-setunion-does",[15,111612,107657],{},[20,111614,111615,1155],{},[15,111616,107657],{},[169,111618,111619,111622,111625,111627],{},[172,111620,111621],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[172,111623,111624],{},"keeps only unique values",[172,111626,110242],{},[172,111628,110251],{},[20,111630,111631],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111633,95941,111634,114],{},[270,111635,95945],{"href":97116},[30,111637,277],{"id":276},[35,111639,111641],{"className":37,"code":111640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111642,111643],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111644,111645,111647,111649,111651,111653,111655,111657,111659,111661,111663],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111646,100202],{"class":50},[44,111648,114],{"class":58},[44,111650,110880],{"class":117},[44,111652,121],{"class":58},[44,111654,100211],{"class":117},[44,111656,72],{"class":58},[44,111658,100238],{"class":117},[44,111660,72],{"class":58},[44,111662,34095],{"class":135},[44,111664,100],{"class":58},[20,111666,12703],{},[169,111668,111669,111672,111675],{},[172,111670,111671],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[172,111673,111674],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[172,111676,111677],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111679,111680],{},"Example with two sets:",[35,111682,111684],{"className":37,"code":111683,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111685,111686,111702,111718,111722,111740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111687,111688,111690,111692,111694,111696,111698,111700],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111689,2198],{"class":50},[44,111691,55],{"class":54},[44,111693,10141],{"class":58},[44,111695,1133],{"class":206},[44,111697,72],{"class":58},[44,111699,488],{"class":206},[44,111701,8959],{"class":58},[44,111703,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,111705,2226],{"class":50},[44,111707,55],{"class":54},[44,111709,10141],{"class":58},[44,111711,1137],{"class":206},[44,111713,72],{"class":58},[44,111715,524],{"class":206},[44,111717,8959],{"class":58},[44,111719,111720],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111721,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111723,111724,111726,111728,111730,111732,111734,111736,111738],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,111725,604],{"class":50},[44,111727,55],{"class":54},[44,111729,56524],{"class":50},[44,111731,114],{"class":58},[44,111733,110880],{"class":117},[44,111735,121],{"class":58},[44,111737,399],{"class":117},[44,111739,100],{"class":58},[44,111741,111742,111744,111746,111748],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,111743,136],{"class":135},[44,111745,121],{"class":58},[44,111747,632],{"class":117},[44,111749,100],{"class":58},[30,111751,21610],{"id":21609},[20,111753,111754,100383,111756,114],{},[15,111755,107657],{},[367,111757,100386],{},[20,111759,111760],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[169,111762,111763,111766],{},[172,111764,111765],{},"the original set",[172,111767,111768,111769],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111770,102416],{},[20,111772,189],{},[35,111774,111776],{"className":37,"code":111775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111777,111778,111794,111810,111814,111832,111836,111849],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111779,111780,111782,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111781,2198],{"class":50},[44,111783,55],{"class":54},[44,111785,10141],{"class":58},[44,111787,1133],{"class":206},[44,111789,72],{"class":58},[44,111791,488],{"class":206},[44,111793,8959],{"class":58},[44,111795,111796,111798,111800,111802,111804,111806,111808],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,111797,2226],{"class":50},[44,111799,55],{"class":54},[44,111801,10141],{"class":58},[44,111803,1137],{"class":206},[44,111805,72],{"class":58},[44,111807,524],{"class":206},[44,111809,8959],{"class":58},[44,111811,111812],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111813,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111815,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824,111826,111828,111830],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,111817,604],{"class":50},[44,111819,55],{"class":54},[44,111821,56524],{"class":50},[44,111823,114],{"class":58},[44,111825,110880],{"class":117},[44,111827,121],{"class":58},[44,111829,399],{"class":117},[44,111831,100],{"class":58},[44,111833,111834],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,111835,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111837,111838,111840,111842,111844,111846],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,111839,136],{"class":135},[44,111841,121],{"class":58},[44,111843,632],{"class":117},[44,111845,144],{"class":58},[44,111847,111848],{"class":147},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[44,111850,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,111852,136],{"class":135},[44,111854,121],{"class":58},[44,111856,270],{"class":117},[44,111858,144],{"class":58},[44,111860,111861],{"class":147},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111863,1933,111864,111866],{},[15,111865,270],{}," did not change.",[20,111868,110484],{},[169,111870,111871,111873],{},[172,111872,110489],{},[172,111874,111875],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111877,111878],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[30,111880,11124],{"id":11123},[20,111882,111883],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[35,111885,111887],{"className":37,"code":111886,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111888,111889,111922,111955,111959,111979,111983,111993],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,111890,111891,111894,111896,111898,111900,111902,111904,111906,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,111892,111893],{"class":50},"fruits1 ",[44,111895,55],{"class":54},[44,111897,10141],{"class":58},[44,111899,63],{"class":62},[44,111901,1209],{"class":66},[44,111903,63],{"class":62},[44,111905,72],{"class":58},[44,111907,75],{"class":62},[44,111909,1218],{"class":66},[44,111911,63],{"class":62},[44,111913,72],{"class":58},[44,111915,75],{"class":62},[44,111917,1227],{"class":66},[44,111919,63],{"class":62},[44,111921,8959],{"class":58},[44,111923,111924,111927,111929,111931,111933,111935,111937,111939,111941,111943,111945,111947,111949,111951,111953],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,111925,111926],{"class":50},"fruits2 ",[44,111928,55],{"class":54},[44,111930,10141],{"class":58},[44,111932,63],{"class":62},[44,111934,1218],{"class":66},[44,111936,63],{"class":62},[44,111938,72],{"class":58},[44,111940,75],{"class":62},[44,111942,22172],{"class":66},[44,111944,63],{"class":62},[44,111946,72],{"class":58},[44,111948,75],{"class":62},[44,111950,1227],{"class":66},[44,111952,63],{"class":62},[44,111954,8959],{"class":58},[44,111956,111957],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,111958,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111960,111961,111963,111965,111968,111970,111972,111974,111977],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,111962,604],{"class":50},[44,111964,55],{"class":54},[44,111966,111967],{"class":50}," fruits1",[44,111969,114],{"class":58},[44,111971,110880],{"class":117},[44,111973,121],{"class":58},[44,111975,111976],{"class":117},"fruits2",[44,111978,100],{"class":58},[44,111980,111981],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,111982,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,111984,111985,111987,111989,111991],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,111986,136],{"class":135},[44,111988,121],{"class":58},[44,111990,632],{"class":117},[44,111992,100],{"class":58},[44,111994,111995,111997,111999,112002],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,111996,136],{"class":135},[44,111998,121],{"class":58},[44,112000,112001],{"class":117},"fruits1",[44,112003,100],{"class":58},[20,112005,29669],{},[35,112007,112009],{"className":37,"code":112008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112010,112011,112047],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112012,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023,112025,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112014,8928],{"class":58},[44,112016,2948],{"class":62},[44,112018,1218],{"class":66},[44,112020,2948],{"class":62},[44,112022,72],{"class":58},[44,112024,2943],{"class":62},[44,112026,1227],{"class":66},[44,112028,2948],{"class":62},[44,112030,72],{"class":58},[44,112032,2943],{"class":62},[44,112034,1209],{"class":66},[44,112036,2948],{"class":62},[44,112038,72],{"class":58},[44,112040,2943],{"class":62},[44,112042,22172],{"class":66},[44,112044,2948],{"class":62},[44,112046,8959],{"class":58},[44,112048,112049,112051,112053,112055,112057,112059,112061,112063,112065,112067,112069,112071,112073],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112050,8928],{"class":58},[44,112052,2948],{"class":62},[44,112054,1218],{"class":66},[44,112056,2948],{"class":62},[44,112058,72],{"class":58},[44,112060,2943],{"class":62},[44,112062,1227],{"class":66},[44,112064,2948],{"class":62},[44,112066,72],{"class":58},[44,112068,2943],{"class":62},[44,112070,1209],{"class":66},[44,112072,2948],{"class":62},[44,112074,8959],{"class":58},[20,112076,112077],{},"What this shows:",[169,112079,112080,112087,112090],{},[172,112081,112082,898,112084,112086],{},[15,112083,1289],{},[15,112085,65324],{}," appear in both sets",[172,112088,112089],{},"they appear only once in the result",[172,112091,112092,112094],{},[15,112093,112001],{}," stays unchanged",[30,112096,895,112098,100775],{"id":112097},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112099,102416],{},[20,112101,112102],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[35,112104,112106],{"className":37,"code":112105,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112107,112108,112124,112140,112157,112174,112178,112205,112209],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112109,112110,112112,112114,112116,112118,112120,112122],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112111,110312],{"class":50},[44,112113,55],{"class":54},[44,112115,10141],{"class":58},[44,112117,1133],{"class":206},[44,112119,72],{"class":58},[44,112121,488],{"class":206},[44,112123,8959],{"class":58},[44,112125,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136,112138],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112127,110333],{"class":50},[44,112129,55],{"class":54},[44,112131,10141],{"class":58},[44,112133,1137],{"class":206},[44,112135,72],{"class":58},[44,112137,524],{"class":206},[44,112139,8959],{"class":58},[44,112141,112142,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153,112155],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112143,112144],{"class":50},"set3 ",[44,112146,55],{"class":54},[44,112148,10141],{"class":58},[44,112150,1141],{"class":206},[44,112152,72],{"class":58},[44,112154,1114],{"class":206},[44,112156,8959],{"class":58},[44,112158,112159,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,112160,112161],{"class":50},"set4 ",[44,112163,55],{"class":54},[44,112165,10141],{"class":58},[44,112167,1145],{"class":206},[44,112169,72],{"class":58},[44,112171,939],{"class":206},[44,112173,8959],{"class":58},[44,112175,112176],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,112177,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112179,112180,112182,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198,112200,112203],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,112181,604],{"class":50},[44,112183,55],{"class":54},[44,112185,110362],{"class":50},[44,112187,114],{"class":58},[44,112189,110880],{"class":117},[44,112191,121],{"class":58},[44,112193,100211],{"class":117},[44,112195,72],{"class":58},[44,112197,100238],{"class":117},[44,112199,72],{"class":58},[44,112201,112202],{"class":117}," set4",[44,112204,100],{"class":58},[44,112206,112207],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,112208,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112210,112211,112213,112215,112217],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,112212,136],{"class":135},[44,112214,121],{"class":58},[44,112216,632],{"class":117},[44,112218,100],{"class":58},[20,112220,29669],{},[35,112222,112224],{"className":37,"code":112223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112225,112226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112227,112228,112230,112232,112234,112236,112238,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112229,8928],{"class":58},[44,112231,1133],{"class":206},[44,112233,72],{"class":58},[44,112235,488],{"class":206},[44,112237,72],{"class":58},[44,112239,524],{"class":206},[44,112241,72],{"class":58},[44,112243,1114],{"class":206},[44,112245,72],{"class":58},[44,112247,939],{"class":206},[44,112249,8959],{"class":58},[20,112251,112252],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[30,112254,895,112256,112258],{"id":112255},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112257,102416],{}," with other iterables",[20,112260,112261,112263],{},[15,112262,102416],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[338,112265,112267],{"id":112266},"with-a-list","With a list",[35,112269,112271],{"className":37,"code":112270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112272,112273,112293,112317,112321,112339],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112274,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112276,199],{"class":50},[44,112278,55],{"class":54},[44,112280,10141],{"class":58},[44,112282,1133],{"class":206},[44,112284,72],{"class":58},[44,112286,488],{"class":206},[44,112288,72],{"class":58},[44,112290,524],{"class":206},[44,112292,8959],{"class":58},[44,112294,112295,112297,112299,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112296,60678],{"class":50},[44,112298,55],{"class":54},[44,112300,3273],{"class":58},[44,112302,1141],{"class":206},[44,112304,72],{"class":58},[44,112306,1114],{"class":206},[44,112308,72],{"class":58},[44,112310,939],{"class":206},[44,112312,72],{"class":58},[44,112314,939],{"class":206},[44,112316,3286],{"class":58},[44,112318,112319],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112320,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112322,112323,112325,112327,112329,112331,112333,112335,112337],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,112324,604],{"class":50},[44,112326,55],{"class":54},[44,112328,3912],{"class":50},[44,112330,114],{"class":58},[44,112332,110880],{"class":117},[44,112334,121],{"class":58},[44,112336,60707],{"class":117},[44,112338,100],{"class":58},[44,112340,112341,112343,112345,112347],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,112342,136],{"class":135},[44,112344,121],{"class":58},[44,112346,632],{"class":117},[44,112348,100],{"class":58},[20,112350,29669],{},[35,112352,112353],{"className":37,"code":112223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112354,112355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112356,112357,112359,112361,112363,112365,112367,112369,112371,112373,112375,112377],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112358,8928],{"class":58},[44,112360,1133],{"class":206},[44,112362,72],{"class":58},[44,112364,488],{"class":206},[44,112366,72],{"class":58},[44,112368,524],{"class":206},[44,112370,72],{"class":58},[44,112372,1114],{"class":206},[44,112374,72],{"class":58},[44,112376,939],{"class":206},[44,112378,8959],{"class":58},[20,112380,259,112381,112383],{},[15,112382,929],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[338,112385,112387],{"id":112386},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[35,112389,112391],{"className":37,"code":112390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112392,112393,112417,112450,112454,112473],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112394,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112396,382],{"class":50},[44,112398,55],{"class":54},[44,112400,10141],{"class":58},[44,112402,63],{"class":62},[44,112404,270],{"class":66},[44,112406,63],{"class":62},[44,112408,72],{"class":58},[44,112410,75],{"class":62},[44,112412,399],{"class":66},[44,112414,63],{"class":62},[44,112416,8959],{"class":58},[44,112418,112419,112422,112424,112426,112428,112430,112432,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112448],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112420,112421],{"class":50},"more_letters ",[44,112423,55],{"class":54},[44,112425,59],{"class":58},[44,112427,63],{"class":62},[44,112429,399],{"class":66},[44,112431,63],{"class":62},[44,112433,72],{"class":58},[44,112435,75],{"class":62},[44,112437,408],{"class":66},[44,112439,63],{"class":62},[44,112441,72],{"class":58},[44,112443,75],{"class":62},[44,112445,425],{"class":66},[44,112447,63],{"class":62},[44,112449,100],{"class":58},[44,112451,112452],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112453,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112455,112456,112458,112460,112462,112464,112466,112468,112471],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,112457,604],{"class":50},[44,112459,55],{"class":54},[44,112461,69713],{"class":50},[44,112463,114],{"class":58},[44,112465,110880],{"class":117},[44,112467,121],{"class":58},[44,112469,112470],{"class":117},"more_letters",[44,112472,100],{"class":58},[44,112474,112475,112477,112479,112481],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,112476,136],{"class":135},[44,112478,121],{"class":58},[44,112480,632],{"class":117},[44,112482,100],{"class":58},[20,112484,29669],{},[35,112486,112488],{"className":37,"code":112487,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112489,112490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112491,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502,112504,112506,112508,112510,112512,112514,112516,112518,112520,112522,112524],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112493,8928],{"class":58},[44,112495,2948],{"class":62},[44,112497,270],{"class":66},[44,112499,2948],{"class":62},[44,112501,72],{"class":58},[44,112503,2943],{"class":62},[44,112505,399],{"class":66},[44,112507,2948],{"class":62},[44,112509,72],{"class":58},[44,112511,2943],{"class":62},[44,112513,408],{"class":66},[44,112515,2948],{"class":62},[44,112517,72],{"class":58},[44,112519,2943],{"class":62},[44,112521,425],{"class":66},[44,112523,2948],{"class":62},[44,112525,8959],{"class":58},[338,112527,112529],{"id":112528},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112531,112532],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[35,112534,112536],{"className":37,"code":112535,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112537,112538,112563,112586,112590],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112539,112540,112543,112545,112547,112549,112551,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112541,112542],{"class":50},"chars ",[44,112544,55],{"class":54},[44,112546,10141],{"class":58},[44,112548,63],{"class":62},[44,112550,270],{"class":66},[44,112552,63],{"class":62},[44,112554,72],{"class":58},[44,112556,75],{"class":62},[44,112558,399],{"class":66},[44,112560,63],{"class":62},[44,112562,8959],{"class":58},[44,112564,112565,112567,112569,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582,112584],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112566,604],{"class":50},[44,112568,55],{"class":54},[44,112570,112571],{"class":50}," chars",[44,112573,114],{"class":58},[44,112575,110880],{"class":117},[44,112577,121],{"class":58},[44,112579,63],{"class":62},[44,112581,569],{"class":66},[44,112583,63],{"class":62},[44,112585,100],{"class":58},[44,112587,112588],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112589,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112591,112592,112594,112596,112598],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,112593,136],{"class":135},[44,112595,121],{"class":58},[44,112597,632],{"class":117},[44,112599,100],{"class":58},[20,112601,29669],{},[35,112603,112605],{"className":37,"code":112604,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112606,112607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112608,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619,112621,112623,112625,112627,112629,112631,112633,112635,112637,112639,112641],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112610,8928],{"class":58},[44,112612,2948],{"class":62},[44,112614,270],{"class":66},[44,112616,2948],{"class":62},[44,112618,72],{"class":58},[44,112620,2943],{"class":62},[44,112622,399],{"class":66},[44,112624,2948],{"class":62},[44,112626,72],{"class":58},[44,112628,2943],{"class":62},[44,112630,408],{"class":66},[44,112632,2948],{"class":62},[44,112634,72],{"class":58},[44,112636,2943],{"class":62},[44,112638,62918],{"class":66},[44,112640,2948],{"class":62},[44,112642,8959],{"class":58},[20,112644,21829,112645,112648],{},[15,112646,112647],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[169,112650,112651,112655,112659],{},[172,112652,112653],{},[15,112654,66098],{},[172,112656,112657],{},[15,112658,17739],{},[172,112660,112661],{},[15,112662,112663],{},"\"t\"",[30,112665,112667,10236,112669],{"id":112666},"union-vs-update",[15,112668,102416],{},[15,112670,14602],{},[20,112672,112673,898,112675,112677],{},[15,112674,102416],{},[15,112676,14602],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[338,112679,112680],{"id":110880},[15,112681,102416],{},[169,112683,112684,112686],{},[172,112685,110242],{},[172,112687,110251],{},[35,112689,112690],{"className":37,"code":111775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112691,112692,112708,112724,112728,112746,112750,112762],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112693,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112695,2198],{"class":50},[44,112697,55],{"class":54},[44,112699,10141],{"class":58},[44,112701,1133],{"class":206},[44,112703,72],{"class":58},[44,112705,488],{"class":206},[44,112707,8959],{"class":58},[44,112709,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112711,2226],{"class":50},[44,112713,55],{"class":54},[44,112715,10141],{"class":58},[44,112717,1137],{"class":206},[44,112719,72],{"class":58},[44,112721,524],{"class":206},[44,112723,8959],{"class":58},[44,112725,112726],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112727,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112729,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738,112740,112742,112744],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,112731,604],{"class":50},[44,112733,55],{"class":54},[44,112735,56524],{"class":50},[44,112737,114],{"class":58},[44,112739,110880],{"class":117},[44,112741,121],{"class":58},[44,112743,399],{"class":117},[44,112745,100],{"class":58},[44,112747,112748],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,112749,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112751,112752,112754,112756,112758,112760],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,112753,136],{"class":135},[44,112755,121],{"class":58},[44,112757,632],{"class":117},[44,112759,144],{"class":58},[44,112761,111848],{"class":147},[44,112763,112764,112766,112768,112770,112772],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,112765,136],{"class":135},[44,112767,121],{"class":58},[44,112769,270],{"class":117},[44,112771,144],{"class":58},[44,112773,111861],{"class":147},[338,112775,112776],{"id":30104},[15,112777,14602],{},[169,112779,112780,112783],{},[172,112781,112782],{},"changes the existing set in place",[172,112784,112785],{},"does not create a separate result set",[35,112787,112789],{"className":37,"code":112788,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112790,112791,112807,112823,112827,112841,112845],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112792,112793,112795,112797,112799,112801,112803,112805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112794,2198],{"class":50},[44,112796,55],{"class":54},[44,112798,10141],{"class":58},[44,112800,1133],{"class":206},[44,112802,72],{"class":58},[44,112804,488],{"class":206},[44,112806,8959],{"class":58},[44,112808,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817,112819,112821],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112810,2226],{"class":50},[44,112812,55],{"class":54},[44,112814,10141],{"class":58},[44,112816,1137],{"class":206},[44,112818,72],{"class":58},[44,112820,524],{"class":206},[44,112822,8959],{"class":58},[44,112824,112825],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112826,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112828,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837,112839],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,112830,270],{"class":50},[44,112832,114],{"class":58},[44,112834,30104],{"class":117},[44,112836,121],{"class":58},[44,112838,399],{"class":117},[44,112840,100],{"class":58},[44,112842,112843],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,112844,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112846,112847,112849,112851,112853,112855],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,112848,136],{"class":135},[44,112850,121],{"class":58},[44,112852,270],{"class":117},[44,112854,144],{"class":58},[44,112856,111848],{"class":147},[20,112858,651,112859,112861],{},[15,112860,102416],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112863,112864,112865,114],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[270,112866,3225,112867,1180],{"href":98136},[15,112868,96931],{},[30,112870,4168],{"id":4167},[338,112872,1312,112874,112876],{"id":112873},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112875,102416],{}," to change the original set",[20,112878,81443],{},[35,112880,112882],{"className":37,"code":112881,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112883,112884,112900,112916,112920,112934],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112885,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112887,2198],{"class":50},[44,112889,55],{"class":54},[44,112891,10141],{"class":58},[44,112893,1133],{"class":206},[44,112895,72],{"class":58},[44,112897,488],{"class":206},[44,112899,8959],{"class":58},[44,112901,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910,112912,112914],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112903,2226],{"class":50},[44,112905,55],{"class":54},[44,112907,10141],{"class":58},[44,112909,1137],{"class":206},[44,112911,72],{"class":58},[44,112913,524],{"class":206},[44,112915,8959],{"class":58},[44,112917,112918],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,112919,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,112921,112922,112924,112926,112928,112930,112932],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,112923,270],{"class":50},[44,112925,114],{"class":58},[44,112927,110880],{"class":117},[44,112929,121],{"class":58},[44,112931,399],{"class":117},[44,112933,100],{"class":58},[44,112935,112936,112938,112940,112942],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,112937,136],{"class":135},[44,112939,121],{"class":58},[44,112941,270],{"class":117},[44,112943,100],{"class":58},[20,112945,247],{},[35,112947,112948],{"className":37,"code":100124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,112949,112950],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112951,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112953,8928],{"class":58},[44,112955,1133],{"class":206},[44,112957,72],{"class":58},[44,112959,488],{"class":206},[44,112961,8959],{"class":58},[20,112963,8144,112964,112966],{},[15,112965,102416],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112968,112969],{},"Fix it like this:",[35,112971,112973],{"className":37,"code":112972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112974,112975,112991,113007,113011,113029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,112976,112977,112979,112981,112983,112985,112987,112989],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,112978,2198],{"class":50},[44,112980,55],{"class":54},[44,112982,10141],{"class":58},[44,112984,1133],{"class":206},[44,112986,72],{"class":58},[44,112988,488],{"class":206},[44,112990,8959],{"class":58},[44,112992,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,112994,2226],{"class":50},[44,112996,55],{"class":54},[44,112998,10141],{"class":58},[44,113000,1137],{"class":206},[44,113002,72],{"class":58},[44,113004,524],{"class":206},[44,113006,8959],{"class":58},[44,113008,113009],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113010,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,113012,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021,113023,113025,113027],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,113014,2198],{"class":50},[44,113016,55],{"class":54},[44,113018,56524],{"class":50},[44,113020,114],{"class":58},[44,113022,110880],{"class":117},[44,113024,121],{"class":58},[44,113026,399],{"class":117},[44,113028,100],{"class":58},[44,113030,113031,113033,113035,113037],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,113032,136],{"class":135},[44,113034,121],{"class":58},[44,113036,270],{"class":117},[44,113038,100],{"class":58},[338,113040,113042],{"id":113041},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113044,113045],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[35,113047,113049],{"className":37,"code":113048,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113050,113051,113067,113083,113087],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113052,113053,113055,113057,113059,113061,113063,113065],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113054,2198],{"class":50},[44,113056,55],{"class":54},[44,113058,10141],{"class":58},[44,113060,1141],{"class":206},[44,113062,72],{"class":58},[44,113064,519],{"class":206},[44,113066,8959],{"class":58},[44,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113070,2226],{"class":50},[44,113072,55],{"class":54},[44,113074,10141],{"class":58},[44,113076,1137],{"class":206},[44,113078,72],{"class":58},[44,113080,1114],{"class":206},[44,113082,8959],{"class":58},[44,113084,113085],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113086,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,113088,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101,113103],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,113090,136],{"class":135},[44,113092,121],{"class":58},[44,113094,270],{"class":117},[44,113096,114],{"class":58},[44,113098,110880],{"class":117},[44,113100,121],{"class":58},[44,113102,399],{"class":117},[44,113104,244],{"class":58},[20,113106,113107],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[338,113109,113111],{"id":113110},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[35,113113,113115],{"className":37,"code":113114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113116,113117,113133,113155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113118,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113120,3720],{"class":50},[44,113122,55],{"class":54},[44,113124,10141],{"class":58},[44,113126,63],{"class":62},[44,113128,578],{"class":66},[44,113130,63],{"class":62},[44,113132,8959],{"class":58},[44,113134,113135,113137,113139,113141,113143,113145,113147,113149,113151,113153],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113136,604],{"class":50},[44,113138,55],{"class":54},[44,113140,5816],{"class":50},[44,113142,114],{"class":58},[44,113144,110880],{"class":117},[44,113146,121],{"class":58},[44,113148,63],{"class":62},[44,113150,569],{"class":66},[44,113152,63],{"class":62},[44,113154,100],{"class":58},[44,113156,113157,113159,113161,113163],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113158,136],{"class":135},[44,113160,121],{"class":58},[44,113162,632],{"class":117},[44,113164,100],{"class":58},[20,113166,113167,113168,1134,113170,1138,113172,113174,113175,113177],{},"This adds ",[15,113169,66098],{},[15,113171,17739],{},[15,113173,112663],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113176,112647],{}," as one item.",[20,113179,113180],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[35,113182,113184],{"className":37,"code":113183,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113185,113186,113202,113224],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113187,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113189,3720],{"class":50},[44,113191,55],{"class":54},[44,113193,10141],{"class":58},[44,113195,63],{"class":62},[44,113197,578],{"class":66},[44,113199,63],{"class":62},[44,113201,8959],{"class":58},[44,113203,113204,113206,113208,113210,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220,113222],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113205,604],{"class":50},[44,113207,55],{"class":54},[44,113209,5816],{"class":50},[44,113211,114],{"class":58},[44,113213,110880],{"class":117},[44,113215,2631],{"class":58},[44,113217,63],{"class":62},[44,113219,569],{"class":66},[44,113221,63],{"class":62},[44,113223,3538],{"class":58},[44,113225,113226,113228,113230,113232],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113227,136],{"class":135},[44,113229,121],{"class":58},[44,113231,632],{"class":117},[44,113233,100],{"class":58},[338,113235,113237],{"id":113236},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113239,2480],{},[35,113241,113243],{"className":37,"code":113242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113244,113245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113246,113247,113249,113251,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265,113267,113269],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113248,15276],{"class":50},[44,113250,55],{"class":54},[44,113252,10141],{"class":58},[44,113254,1133],{"class":206},[44,113256,72],{"class":58},[44,113258,488],{"class":206},[44,113260,72],{"class":58},[44,113262,3273],{"class":58},[44,113264,1141],{"class":206},[44,113266,72],{"class":58},[44,113268,1114],{"class":206},[44,113270,13354],{"class":58},[20,113272,113273],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113275,113276,113277,1155],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113278,102416],{},[35,113280,113282],{"className":37,"code":113281,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113283,113284,113300,113322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113285,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113287,15276],{"class":50},[44,113289,55],{"class":54},[44,113291,10141],{"class":58},[44,113293,1133],{"class":206},[44,113295,72],{"class":58},[44,113297,488],{"class":206},[44,113299,8959],{"class":58},[44,113301,113302,113304,113306,113308,113310,113312,113314,113316,113318,113320],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113303,604],{"class":50},[44,113305,55],{"class":54},[44,113307,96541],{"class":50},[44,113309,114],{"class":58},[44,113311,110880],{"class":117},[44,113313,2631],{"class":58},[44,113315,1141],{"class":206},[44,113317,72],{"class":58},[44,113319,1114],{"class":206},[44,113321,3538],{"class":58},[44,113323,113324,113326,113328,113330],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113325,136],{"class":135},[44,113327,121],{"class":58},[44,113329,632],{"class":117},[44,113331,100],{"class":58},[30,113333,113335],{"id":113334},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113337,113338],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[169,113340,113341,113347,113354,113357],{},[172,113342,113343,113344,113346],{},"call ",[15,113345,102416],{}," without saving the returned set",[172,113348,113349,113350,8354,113352],{},"confuse ",[15,113351,102416],{},[15,113353,14602],{},[172,113355,113356],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[172,113358,113359],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113361,113362,113363,898,113367,114],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[270,113364,3225,113365,1180],{"href":102405},[15,113366,106187],{},[270,113368,3225,113370,1180],{"href":113369},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113371,100036],{},[20,113373,61926],{},[35,113375,113377],{"className":37,"code":113376,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113378,113379,113389,113403,113413],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113380,113381,113383,113385,113387],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113382,136],{"class":135},[44,113384,121],{"class":58},[44,113386,15314],{"class":117},[44,113388,100],{"class":58},[44,113390,113391,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113392,136],{"class":135},[44,113394,121],{"class":58},[44,113396,2868],{"class":2546},[44,113398,121],{"class":58},[44,113400,15314],{"class":117},[44,113402,244],{"class":58},[44,113404,113405,113407,113409,113411],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113406,136],{"class":135},[44,113408,121],{"class":58},[44,113410,632],{"class":117},[44,113412,100],{"class":58},[44,113414,113415,113417,113419,113421,113423,113425],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,113416,31793],{"class":135},[44,113418,121],{"class":58},[44,113420,5935],{"class":2546},[44,113422,114],{"class":58},[44,113424,110880],{"class":24390},[44,113426,100],{"class":58},[30,113428,1497],{"id":1496},[338,113430,12355,113432,102356],{"id":113431},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113433,107657],{},[20,113435,102359],{},[338,113437,4818,113439,113441],{"id":113438},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113440,102416],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113443,113444],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[338,113446,27967,113448,113450],{"id":113447},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113449,102416],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113452,41788,113453,113455],{},[15,113454,102416],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[338,113457,113459],{"id":113458},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113461,113462],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[338,113464,4828,113466,898,113468,1547],{"id":113465},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113467,102416],{},[15,113469,113470],{},"|",[20,113472,113473,113474,113476,113477,113479],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113475,113470],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113478,102416],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[30,113481,1554],{"id":1553},[169,113483,113484,113488,113494,113500,113506],{},[172,113485,113486],{},[270,113487,95945],{"href":97116},[172,113489,113490],{},[270,113491,3225,113492,1180],{"href":98136},[15,113493,96931],{},[172,113495,113496],{},[270,113497,3225,113498,1180],{"href":102405},[15,113499,106187],{},[172,113501,113502],{},[270,113503,3225,113504,1180],{"href":113369},[15,113505,100036],{},[172,113507,113508],{},[270,113509,99961],{"href":98694},[1583,113511,113512],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":113514},[113515,113516,113518,113519,113520,113521,113523,113529,113534,113541,113542,113553],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":111610,"depth":103,"text":113517},"What set.union() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":21609,"depth":103,"text":21610},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":112097,"depth":103,"text":113522},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112255,"depth":103,"text":113524,"children":113525},"Using union() with other iterables",[113526,113527,113528],{"id":112266,"depth":132,"text":112267},{"id":112386,"depth":132,"text":112387},{"id":112528,"depth":132,"text":112529},{"id":112666,"depth":103,"text":113530,"children":113531},"union() vs update()",[113532,113533],{"id":110880,"depth":132,"text":102416},{"id":30104,"depth":132,"text":14602},{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":113535},[113536,113538,113539,113540],{"id":112873,"depth":132,"text":113537},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113041,"depth":132,"text":113042},{"id":113110,"depth":132,"text":113111},{"id":113236,"depth":132,"text":113237},{"id":113334,"depth":103,"text":113335},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":113543},[113544,113546,113548,113550,113551],{"id":113431,"depth":132,"text":113545},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113438,"depth":132,"text":113547},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113447,"depth":132,"text":113549},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113458,"depth":132,"text":113459},{"id":113465,"depth":132,"text":113552},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111490,"description":113554},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113560,"title":113561,"body":113562,"description":115451,"extension":1616,"meta":115452,"navigation":434,"path":96430,"seo":115453,"stem":115454,"__hash__":115455},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113563,"toc":115417},[113564,113569,113574,113582,113584,113642,113647,113652,113656,113668,113671,113745,113750,113752,113754,113773,113775,113792,113795,113822,113824,113894,113898,113900,113906,113908,113969,113974,113976,114033,114037,114042,114107,114109,114129,114136,114140,114145,114230,114233,114240,114343,114347,114352,114410,114413,114424,114438,114445,114503,114510,114513,114523,114527,114585,114589,114655,114658,114716,114723,114730,114733,114737,114746,114815,114819,114825,114913,114923,114927,114931,114935,114938,114999,115004,115061,115065,115067,115102,115109,115111,115165,115172,115176,115179,115244,115253,115259,115316,115318,115323,115327,115331,115334,115341,115349,115353,115358,115362,115368,115370,115405,115414],[10,113565,95817,113567,18],{"id":113566},"python-set-update-method",[15,113568,14602],{},[20,113570,113571,113573],{},[15,113572,96931],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113575,113576,113577,113581],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[270,113578,113579],{"href":98117},[15,113580,95825],{},", which adds only one item.",[30,113583,3259],{"id":3258},[35,113585,113587],{"className":37,"code":113586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113588,113589,113605,113627,113637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113590,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113592,199],{"class":50},[44,113594,55],{"class":54},[44,113596,10141],{"class":58},[44,113598,1133],{"class":206},[44,113600,72],{"class":58},[44,113602,488],{"class":206},[44,113604,8959],{"class":58},[44,113606,113607,113609,113611,113613,113615,113617,113619,113621,113623,113625],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113608,232],{"class":50},[44,113610,114],{"class":58},[44,113612,30104],{"class":117},[44,113614,2631],{"class":58},[44,113616,1137],{"class":206},[44,113618,72],{"class":58},[44,113620,524],{"class":206},[44,113622,72],{"class":58},[44,113624,1114],{"class":206},[44,113626,3538],{"class":58},[44,113628,113629,113631,113633,113635],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113630,136],{"class":135},[44,113632,121],{"class":58},[44,113634,232],{"class":117},[44,113636,100],{"class":58},[44,113638,113639],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,113640,113641],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113643,651,113644,113646],{},[15,113645,14602],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[30,113648,158,113650,161],{"id":113649},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113651,96931],{},[20,113653,113654,1155],{},[15,113655,96931],{},[169,113657,113658,113661,113663,113666],{},[172,113659,113660],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[172,113662,95932],{},[172,113664,113665],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[172,113667,95935],{},[20,113669,113670],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[35,113672,113674],{"className":37,"code":113673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113675,113676,113700,113726,113730,113740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113677,113678,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113679,51],{"class":50},[44,113681,55],{"class":54},[44,113683,10141],{"class":58},[44,113685,63],{"class":62},[44,113687,67],{"class":66},[44,113689,63],{"class":62},[44,113691,72],{"class":58},[44,113693,75],{"class":62},[44,113695,78],{"class":66},[44,113697,63],{"class":62},[44,113699,8959],{"class":58},[44,113701,113702,113704,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113703,734],{"class":50},[44,113705,114],{"class":58},[44,113707,30104],{"class":117},[44,113709,2631],{"class":58},[44,113711,63],{"class":62},[44,113713,78],{"class":66},[44,113715,63],{"class":62},[44,113717,72],{"class":58},[44,113719,75],{"class":62},[44,113721,87],{"class":66},[44,113723,63],{"class":62},[44,113725,3538],{"class":58},[44,113727,113728],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113729,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,113731,113732,113734,113736,113738],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,113733,136],{"class":135},[44,113735,121],{"class":58},[44,113737,734],{"class":117},[44,113739,100],{"class":58},[44,113741,113742],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,113743,113744],{"class":147},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113746,259,113747,113749],{},[15,113748,110645],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[30,113751,277],{"id":276},[20,113753,6867],{},[35,113755,113757],{"className":37,"code":113756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113758,113759],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113760,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113762,15314],{"class":50},[44,113764,114],{"class":58},[44,113766,30104],{"class":117},[44,113768,121],{"class":58},[44,113770,3370],{"class":117},[44,113772,100],{"class":58},[20,113774,79819],{},[169,113776,113777,113780,113783,113786,113789],{},[172,113778,113779],{},"A list",[172,113781,113782],{},"A tuple",[172,113784,113785],{},"Another set",[172,113787,113788],{},"A string",[172,113790,113791],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113793,113794],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[35,113796,113798],{"className":37,"code":113797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113799,113800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113801,113802,113804,113806,113808,113810,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113803,15314],{"class":50},[44,113805,114],{"class":58},[44,113807,30104],{"class":117},[44,113809,121],{"class":58},[44,113811,270],{"class":117},[44,113813,72],{"class":58},[44,113815,2203],{"class":117},[44,113817,72],{"class":58},[44,113819,9332],{"class":117},[44,113821,100],{"class":58},[20,113823,189],{},[35,113825,113827],{"className":37,"code":113826,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113828,113829,113841,113875,113879,113889],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113830,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113832,922],{"class":50},[44,113834,55],{"class":54},[44,113836,10141],{"class":58},[44,113838,1133],{"class":206},[44,113840,8959],{"class":58},[44,113842,113843,113845,113847,113849,113851,113853,113855,113857,113859,113861,113863,113865,113867,113869,113871,113873],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113844,962],{"class":50},[44,113846,114],{"class":58},[44,113848,30104],{"class":117},[44,113850,2631],{"class":58},[44,113852,1137],{"class":206},[44,113854,72],{"class":58},[44,113856,524],{"class":206},[44,113858,17705],{"class":58},[44,113860,59],{"class":58},[44,113862,1145],{"class":206},[44,113864,72],{"class":58},[44,113866,939],{"class":206},[44,113868,8884],{"class":58},[44,113870,10141],{"class":58},[44,113872,80210],{"class":206},[44,113874,30136],{"class":58},[44,113876,113877],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113878,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,113880,113881,113883,113885,113887],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,113882,136],{"class":135},[44,113884,121],{"class":58},[44,113886,962],{"class":117},[44,113888,100],{"class":58},[44,113890,113891],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,113892,113893],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113895,95941,113896,114],{},[270,113897,95949],{"href":97500},[30,113899,21610],{"id":21609},[20,113901,113902,2044,113904,114],{},[15,113903,96931],{},[15,113905,3428],{},[20,113907,11364],{},[35,113909,113911],{"className":37,"code":113910,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113912,113913,113929,113951,113955,113965],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113914,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113916,199],{"class":50},[44,113918,55],{"class":54},[44,113920,10141],{"class":58},[44,113922,1133],{"class":206},[44,113924,72],{"class":58},[44,113926,488],{"class":206},[44,113928,8959],{"class":58},[44,113930,113931,113933,113935,113937,113939,113941,113943,113945,113947,113949],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,113932,604],{"class":50},[44,113934,55],{"class":54},[44,113936,3912],{"class":50},[44,113938,114],{"class":58},[44,113940,30104],{"class":117},[44,113942,2631],{"class":58},[44,113944,1141],{"class":206},[44,113946,72],{"class":58},[44,113948,1114],{"class":206},[44,113950,3538],{"class":58},[44,113952,113953],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,113954,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,113956,113957,113959,113961,113963],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,113958,136],{"class":135},[44,113960,121],{"class":58},[44,113962,632],{"class":117},[44,113964,100],{"class":58},[44,113966,113967],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,113968,61462],{"class":147},[20,113970,113971,113972,114],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113973,632],{},[20,113975,18611],{},[35,113977,113979],{"className":37,"code":113978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113980,113981,113997,114015,114019,114029],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,113982,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991,113993,113995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,113984,199],{"class":50},[44,113986,55],{"class":54},[44,113988,10141],{"class":58},[44,113990,1133],{"class":206},[44,113992,72],{"class":58},[44,113994,488],{"class":206},[44,113996,8959],{"class":58},[44,113998,113999,114001,114003,114005,114007,114009,114011,114013],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114000,232],{"class":50},[44,114002,114],{"class":58},[44,114004,30104],{"class":117},[44,114006,2631],{"class":58},[44,114008,1141],{"class":206},[44,114010,72],{"class":58},[44,114012,1114],{"class":206},[44,114014,3538],{"class":58},[44,114016,114017],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114018,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114020,114021,114023,114025,114027],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114022,136],{"class":135},[44,114024,121],{"class":58},[44,114026,232],{"class":117},[44,114028,100],{"class":58},[44,114030,114031],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114032,113641],{"class":147},[30,114034,114036],{"id":114035},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114038,114039,114040,114],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114041,14602],{},[35,114043,114045],{"className":37,"code":114044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114046,114047,114063,114089,114093,114103],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114048,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114050,199],{"class":50},[44,114052,55],{"class":54},[44,114054,10141],{"class":58},[44,114056,1133],{"class":206},[44,114058,72],{"class":58},[44,114060,488],{"class":206},[44,114062,8959],{"class":58},[44,114064,114065,114067,114069,114071,114073,114075,114077,114079,114081,114083,114085,114087],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114066,232],{"class":50},[44,114068,114],{"class":58},[44,114070,30104],{"class":117},[44,114072,2631],{"class":58},[44,114074,1137],{"class":206},[44,114076,72],{"class":58},[44,114078,524],{"class":206},[44,114080,72],{"class":58},[44,114082,1114],{"class":206},[44,114084,72],{"class":58},[44,114086,1114],{"class":206},[44,114088,3538],{"class":58},[44,114090,114091],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114092,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114094,114095,114097,114099,114101],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114096,136],{"class":135},[44,114098,121],{"class":58},[44,114100,232],{"class":117},[44,114102,100],{"class":58},[44,114104,114105],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114106,113641],{"class":147},[20,114108,11333],{},[169,114110,114111,114116,114123],{},[172,114112,114113,114115],{},[15,114114,1137],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[172,114117,114118,898,114120,114122],{},[15,114119,1141],{},[15,114121,1145],{}," are added",[172,114124,114125,114126,114128],{},"The second ",[15,114127,1145],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114130,114131,114132,114135],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[270,114133,114134],{"href":98694},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[30,114137,114139],{"id":114138},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114141,280,114142,114144],{},[15,114143,14602],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[35,114146,114148],{"className":37,"code":114147,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114149,114150,114171,114192,114196,114212,114216,114226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114151,114152,114155,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114153,114154],{"class":50},"set_a ",[44,114156,55],{"class":54},[44,114158,10141],{"class":58},[44,114160,1133],{"class":206},[44,114162,72],{"class":58},[44,114164,488],{"class":206},[44,114166,72],{"class":58},[44,114168,524],{"class":206},[44,114170,8959],{"class":58},[44,114172,114173,114176,114178,114180,114182,114184,114186,114188,114190],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114174,114175],{"class":50},"set_b ",[44,114177,55],{"class":54},[44,114179,10141],{"class":58},[44,114181,1141],{"class":206},[44,114183,72],{"class":58},[44,114185,1114],{"class":206},[44,114187,72],{"class":58},[44,114189,939],{"class":206},[44,114191,8959],{"class":58},[44,114193,114194],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114195,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114197,114198,114201,114203,114205,114207,114210],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114199,114200],{"class":50},"set_a",[44,114202,114],{"class":58},[44,114204,30104],{"class":117},[44,114206,121],{"class":58},[44,114208,114209],{"class":117},"set_b",[44,114211,100],{"class":58},[44,114213,114214],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114215,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114217,114218,114220,114222,114224],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,114219,136],{"class":135},[44,114221,121],{"class":58},[44,114223,114200],{"class":117},[44,114225,100],{"class":58},[44,114227,114228],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,114229,111602],{"class":147},[20,114231,114232],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114234,114235,114236,114],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[270,114237,114238],{"href":102413},[15,114239,107657],{},[35,114241,114243],{"className":37,"code":114242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114244,114245,114265,114285,114289,114309,114313,114324,114328,114338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114246,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261,114263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114248,114154],{"class":50},[44,114250,55],{"class":54},[44,114252,10141],{"class":58},[44,114254,1133],{"class":206},[44,114256,72],{"class":58},[44,114258,488],{"class":206},[44,114260,72],{"class":58},[44,114262,524],{"class":206},[44,114264,8959],{"class":58},[44,114266,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279,114281,114283],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114268,114175],{"class":50},[44,114270,55],{"class":54},[44,114272,10141],{"class":58},[44,114274,1141],{"class":206},[44,114276,72],{"class":58},[44,114278,1114],{"class":206},[44,114280,72],{"class":58},[44,114282,939],{"class":206},[44,114284,8959],{"class":58},[44,114286,114287],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114288,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114290,114291,114294,114296,114299,114301,114303,114305,114307],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114292,114293],{"class":50},"combined ",[44,114295,55],{"class":54},[44,114297,114298],{"class":50}," set_a",[44,114300,114],{"class":58},[44,114302,110880],{"class":117},[44,114304,121],{"class":58},[44,114306,114209],{"class":117},[44,114308,100],{"class":58},[44,114310,114311],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114312,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114314,114315,114317,114319,114322],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,114316,136],{"class":135},[44,114318,121],{"class":58},[44,114320,114321],{"class":117},"combined",[44,114323,100],{"class":58},[44,114325,114326],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,114327,111602],{"class":147},[44,114329,114330,114332,114334,114336],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,114331,136],{"class":135},[44,114333,121],{"class":58},[44,114335,114200],{"class":117},[44,114337,100],{"class":58},[44,114339,114340],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,114341,114342],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[30,114344,114346],{"id":114345},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114348,64371,114349,114351],{},[15,114350,14602],{}," adds each character separately.",[35,114353,114355],{"className":37,"code":114354,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114356,114357,114373,114391,114395,114405],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114358,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367,114369,114371],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114360,382],{"class":50},[44,114362,55],{"class":54},[44,114364,10141],{"class":58},[44,114366,63],{"class":62},[44,114368,1823],{"class":66},[44,114370,63],{"class":62},[44,114372,8959],{"class":58},[44,114374,114375,114377,114379,114381,114383,114385,114387,114389],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114376,444],{"class":50},[44,114378,114],{"class":58},[44,114380,30104],{"class":117},[44,114382,121],{"class":58},[44,114384,63],{"class":62},[44,114386,569],{"class":66},[44,114388,63],{"class":62},[44,114390,100],{"class":58},[44,114392,114393],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114394,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114396,114397,114399,114401,114403],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114398,136],{"class":135},[44,114400,121],{"class":58},[44,114402,444],{"class":117},[44,114404,100],{"class":58},[44,114406,114407],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114408,114409],{"class":147},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114411,114412],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114414,114415,13702,114418,114420,114421,114423],{},[15,114416,114417],{},"update(\"cat\")",[367,114419,881],{}," add ",[15,114422,112647],{}," as one item. It adds:",[169,114425,114426,114430,114434],{},[172,114427,114428],{},[15,114429,66098],{},[172,114431,114432],{},[15,114433,17739],{},[172,114435,114436],{},[15,114437,112663],{},[20,114439,114440,114441,1155],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[270,114442,114443],{"href":98117},[15,114444,95825],{},[35,114446,114448],{"className":37,"code":114447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114449,114450,114466,114484,114488,114498],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114451,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460,114462,114464],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114453,3720],{"class":50},[44,114455,55],{"class":54},[44,114457,10141],{"class":58},[44,114459,63],{"class":62},[44,114461,578],{"class":66},[44,114463,63],{"class":62},[44,114465,8959],{"class":58},[44,114467,114468,114470,114472,114474,114476,114478,114480,114482],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114469,3762],{"class":50},[44,114471,114],{"class":58},[44,114473,81722],{"class":117},[44,114475,121],{"class":58},[44,114477,63],{"class":62},[44,114479,569],{"class":66},[44,114481,63],{"class":62},[44,114483,100],{"class":58},[44,114485,114486],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114487,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114489,114490,114492,114494,114496],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114491,136],{"class":135},[44,114493,121],{"class":58},[44,114495,3762],{"class":117},[44,114497,100],{"class":58},[44,114499,114500],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114501,114502],{"class":147},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[30,114504,114506,10236,114508],{"id":114505},"update-vs-add",[15,114507,14602],{},[15,114509,95820],{},[20,114511,114512],{},"The difference is simple:",[169,114514,114515,114519],{},[172,114516,114517,96419],{},[15,114518,95820],{},[172,114520,114521,96424],{},[15,114522,14602],{},[20,114524,45678,114525,1155],{},[15,114526,95820],{},[35,114528,114530],{"className":37,"code":114529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114531,114532,114548,114566,114570,114580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114533,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114535,1200],{"class":50},[44,114537,55],{"class":54},[44,114539,10141],{"class":58},[44,114541,63],{"class":62},[44,114543,1209],{"class":66},[44,114545,63],{"class":62},[44,114547,8959],{"class":58},[44,114549,114550,114552,114554,114556,114558,114560,114562,114564],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114551,1244],{"class":50},[44,114553,114],{"class":58},[44,114555,81722],{"class":117},[44,114557,121],{"class":58},[44,114559,63],{"class":62},[44,114561,1218],{"class":66},[44,114563,63],{"class":62},[44,114565,100],{"class":58},[44,114567,114568],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114569,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114571,114572,114574,114576,114578],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114573,136],{"class":135},[44,114575,121],{"class":58},[44,114577,1244],{"class":117},[44,114579,100],{"class":58},[44,114581,114582],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114583,114584],{"class":147},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114586,45678,114587,1155],{},[15,114588,14602],{},[35,114590,114592],{"className":37,"code":114591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114593,114594,114610,114636,114640,114650],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114595,114596,114598,114600,114602,114604,114606,114608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114597,1200],{"class":50},[44,114599,55],{"class":54},[44,114601,10141],{"class":58},[44,114603,63],{"class":62},[44,114605,1209],{"class":66},[44,114607,63],{"class":62},[44,114609,8959],{"class":58},[44,114611,114612,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628,114630,114632,114634],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114613,1244],{"class":50},[44,114615,114],{"class":58},[44,114617,30104],{"class":117},[44,114619,2631],{"class":58},[44,114621,63],{"class":62},[44,114623,1218],{"class":66},[44,114625,63],{"class":62},[44,114627,72],{"class":58},[44,114629,75],{"class":62},[44,114631,1227],{"class":66},[44,114633,63],{"class":62},[44,114635,3538],{"class":58},[44,114637,114638],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114639,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114641,114642,114644,114646,114648],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114643,136],{"class":135},[44,114645,121],{"class":58},[44,114647,1244],{"class":117},[44,114649,100],{"class":58},[44,114651,114652],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114653,114654],{"class":147},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114656,114657],{},"Important warning with strings:",[35,114659,114661],{"className":37,"code":114660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114662,114663,114679,114697,114701,114711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114664,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673,114675,114677],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114666,1200],{"class":50},[44,114668,55],{"class":54},[44,114670,10141],{"class":58},[44,114672,63],{"class":62},[44,114674,1209],{"class":66},[44,114676,63],{"class":62},[44,114678,8959],{"class":58},[44,114680,114681,114683,114685,114687,114689,114691,114693,114695],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114682,1244],{"class":50},[44,114684,114],{"class":58},[44,114686,30104],{"class":117},[44,114688,121],{"class":58},[44,114690,63],{"class":62},[44,114692,37978],{"class":66},[44,114694,63],{"class":62},[44,114696,100],{"class":58},[44,114698,114699],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114700,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114702,114703,114705,114707,114709],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114704,136],{"class":135},[44,114706,121],{"class":58},[44,114708,1244],{"class":117},[44,114710,100],{"class":58},[44,114712,114713],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114714,114715],{"class":147},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114717,61737,114718,61810,114721,6280],{},[15,114719,114720],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114722,95820],{},[30,114724,114726,10236,114728],{"id":114725},"update-vs-union",[15,114727,14602],{},[15,114729,102416],{},[20,114731,114732],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[338,114734,114735],{"id":30104},[15,114736,14602],{},[169,114738,114739,114742],{},[172,114740,114741],{},"Changes the existing set",[172,114743,11072,114744],{},[15,114745,3428],{},[35,114747,114749],{"className":37,"code":114748,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114750,114751,114767,114783,114787,114801,114811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114752,114753,114755,114757,114759,114761,114763,114765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114754,2198],{"class":50},[44,114756,55],{"class":54},[44,114758,10141],{"class":58},[44,114760,1133],{"class":206},[44,114762,72],{"class":58},[44,114764,488],{"class":206},[44,114766,8959],{"class":58},[44,114768,114769,114771,114773,114775,114777,114779,114781],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114770,2226],{"class":50},[44,114772,55],{"class":54},[44,114774,10141],{"class":58},[44,114776,1137],{"class":206},[44,114778,72],{"class":58},[44,114780,524],{"class":206},[44,114782,8959],{"class":58},[44,114784,114785],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114786,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114788,114789,114791,114793,114795,114797,114799],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114790,270],{"class":50},[44,114792,114],{"class":58},[44,114794,30104],{"class":117},[44,114796,121],{"class":58},[44,114798,399],{"class":117},[44,114800,100],{"class":58},[44,114802,114803,114805,114807,114809],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114804,136],{"class":135},[44,114806,121],{"class":58},[44,114808,270],{"class":117},[44,114810,100],{"class":58},[44,114812,114813],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,114814,114342],{"class":147},[338,114816,114817],{"id":110880},[15,114818,102416],{},[169,114820,114821,114823],{},[172,114822,100954],{},[172,114824,100957],{},[35,114826,114828],{"className":37,"code":114827,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114829,114830,114846,114862,114866,114884,114894,114898,114908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114831,114832,114834,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114833,2198],{"class":50},[44,114835,55],{"class":54},[44,114837,10141],{"class":58},[44,114839,1133],{"class":206},[44,114841,72],{"class":58},[44,114843,488],{"class":206},[44,114845,8959],{"class":58},[44,114847,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114849,2226],{"class":50},[44,114851,55],{"class":54},[44,114853,10141],{"class":58},[44,114855,1137],{"class":206},[44,114857,72],{"class":58},[44,114859,524],{"class":206},[44,114861,8959],{"class":58},[44,114863,114864],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114865,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114867,114868,114870,114872,114874,114876,114878,114880,114882],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114869,82802],{"class":50},[44,114871,55],{"class":54},[44,114873,56524],{"class":50},[44,114875,114],{"class":58},[44,114877,110880],{"class":117},[44,114879,121],{"class":58},[44,114881,399],{"class":117},[44,114883,100],{"class":58},[44,114885,114886,114888,114890,114892],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114887,136],{"class":135},[44,114889,121],{"class":58},[44,114891,408],{"class":117},[44,114893,100],{"class":58},[44,114895,114896],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,114897,114342],{"class":147},[44,114899,114900,114902,114904,114906],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,114901,136],{"class":135},[44,114903,121],{"class":58},[44,114905,270],{"class":117},[44,114907,100],{"class":58},[44,114909,114910],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,114911,114912],{"class":147},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114914,107299,114915,114917,114918,114922],{},[15,114916,14602],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[270,114919,114920],{"href":102413},[15,114921,102416],{}," when you want a new set.",[30,114924,114926],{"id":114925},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114928,10397,114929,114],{},[15,114930,96931],{},[338,114932,114934],{"id":114933},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114936,114937],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[35,114939,114941],{"className":37,"code":114940,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114942,114943,114959,114981,114985,114995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,114944,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,114946,15276],{"class":50},[44,114948,55],{"class":54},[44,114950,10141],{"class":58},[44,114952,1133],{"class":206},[44,114954,72],{"class":58},[44,114956,488],{"class":206},[44,114958,8959],{"class":58},[44,114960,114961,114963,114965,114967,114969,114971,114973,114975,114977,114979],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,114962,604],{"class":50},[44,114964,55],{"class":54},[44,114966,96541],{"class":50},[44,114968,114],{"class":58},[44,114970,30104],{"class":117},[44,114972,2631],{"class":58},[44,114974,1141],{"class":206},[44,114976,72],{"class":58},[44,114978,1114],{"class":206},[44,114980,3538],{"class":58},[44,114982,114983],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,114984,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,114986,114987,114989,114991,114993],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,114988,136],{"class":135},[44,114990,121],{"class":58},[44,114992,632],{"class":117},[44,114994,100],{"class":58},[44,114996,114997],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,114998,61462],{"class":147},[20,115000,115001,115002,1155],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115003,14602],{},[35,115005,115007],{"className":37,"code":115006,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115008,115009,115025,115043,115047,115057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115010,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115012,15276],{"class":50},[44,115014,55],{"class":54},[44,115016,10141],{"class":58},[44,115018,1133],{"class":206},[44,115020,72],{"class":58},[44,115022,488],{"class":206},[44,115024,8959],{"class":58},[44,115026,115027,115029,115031,115033,115035,115037,115039,115041],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115028,15314],{"class":50},[44,115030,114],{"class":58},[44,115032,30104],{"class":117},[44,115034,2631],{"class":58},[44,115036,1141],{"class":206},[44,115038,72],{"class":58},[44,115040,1114],{"class":206},[44,115042,3538],{"class":58},[44,115044,115045],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115046,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115048,115049,115051,115053,115055],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115050,136],{"class":135},[44,115052,121],{"class":58},[44,115054,15314],{"class":117},[44,115056,100],{"class":58},[44,115058,115059],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,115060,113641],{"class":147},[338,115062,115064],{"id":115063},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115066,2480],{},[35,115068,115070],{"className":37,"code":115069,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115071,115072,115088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115073,115074,115076,115078,115080,115082,115084,115086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115075,15276],{"class":50},[44,115077,55],{"class":54},[44,115079,10141],{"class":58},[44,115081,1133],{"class":206},[44,115083,72],{"class":58},[44,115085,488],{"class":206},[44,115087,8959],{"class":58},[44,115089,115090,115092,115094,115096,115098,115100],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115091,15314],{"class":50},[44,115093,114],{"class":58},[44,115095,30104],{"class":117},[44,115097,121],{"class":58},[44,115099,929],{"class":206},[44,115101,100],{"class":58},[20,115103,61916,115104,8250,115106,115108],{},[15,115105,2650],{},[15,115107,929],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115110,6203],{},[35,115112,115114],{"className":37,"code":115113,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115115,115116,115132,115146,115150,115160],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115117,115118,115120,115122,115124,115126,115128,115130],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115119,15276],{"class":50},[44,115121,55],{"class":54},[44,115123,10141],{"class":58},[44,115125,1133],{"class":206},[44,115127,72],{"class":58},[44,115129,488],{"class":206},[44,115131,8959],{"class":58},[44,115133,115134,115136,115138,115140,115142,115144],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115135,15314],{"class":50},[44,115137,114],{"class":58},[44,115139,30104],{"class":117},[44,115141,2631],{"class":58},[44,115143,929],{"class":206},[44,115145,3538],{"class":58},[44,115147,115148],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115149,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115151,115152,115154,115156,115158],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115153,136],{"class":135},[44,115155,121],{"class":58},[44,115157,15314],{"class":117},[44,115159,100],{"class":58},[44,115161,115162],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,115163,115164],{"class":147},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115166,45551,115167,114],{},[270,115168,25319,115169],{"href":52236},[15,115170,115171],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[338,115173,115175],{"id":115174},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115177,115178],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[35,115180,115182],{"className":37,"code":115181,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115183,115184,115200,115226,115230,115240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115185,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115187,15276],{"class":50},[44,115189,55],{"class":54},[44,115191,10141],{"class":58},[44,115193,1133],{"class":206},[44,115195,72],{"class":58},[44,115197,488],{"class":206},[44,115199,8959],{"class":58},[44,115201,115202,115204,115206,115208,115210,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115203,15314],{"class":50},[44,115205,114],{"class":58},[44,115207,30104],{"class":117},[44,115209,2631],{"class":58},[44,115211,1137],{"class":206},[44,115213,72],{"class":58},[44,115215,488],{"class":206},[44,115217,72],{"class":58},[44,115219,488],{"class":206},[44,115221,72],{"class":58},[44,115223,524],{"class":206},[44,115225,3538],{"class":58},[44,115227,115228],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115229,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115231,115232,115234,115236,115238],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115233,136],{"class":135},[44,115235,121],{"class":58},[44,115237,15314],{"class":117},[44,115239,100],{"class":58},[44,115241,115242],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,115243,114342],{"class":147},[338,115245,115247,115248,44267,115250,115252],{"id":115246},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115249,14602],{},[15,115251,95820],{}," is better",[20,115254,115255,115256,115258],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115257,95820],{}," is usually the better choice.",[35,115260,115262],{"className":37,"code":115261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115263,115264,115280,115298,115302,115312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115265,115266,115268,115270,115272,115274,115276,115278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115267,15276],{"class":50},[44,115269,55],{"class":54},[44,115271,10141],{"class":58},[44,115273,63],{"class":62},[44,115275,578],{"class":66},[44,115277,63],{"class":62},[44,115279,8959],{"class":58},[44,115281,115282,115284,115286,115288,115290,115292,115294,115296],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115283,15314],{"class":50},[44,115285,114],{"class":58},[44,115287,81722],{"class":117},[44,115289,121],{"class":58},[44,115291,63],{"class":62},[44,115293,569],{"class":66},[44,115295,63],{"class":62},[44,115297,100],{"class":58},[44,115299,115300],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115301,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115303,115304,115306,115308,115310],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115305,136],{"class":135},[44,115307,121],{"class":58},[44,115309,15314],{"class":117},[44,115311,100],{"class":58},[44,115313,115314],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,115315,114502],{"class":147},[30,115317,1497],{"id":1496},[338,115319,12355,115321,96910],{"id":115320},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115322,96931],{},[20,115324,96913,115325,114],{},[15,115326,3428],{},[338,115328,27967,115329,31867],{"id":31864},[15,115330,14602],{},[20,115332,115333],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[338,115335,4828,115337,898,115339,1547],{"id":115336},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115338,95820],{},[15,115340,14602],{},[20,115342,115343,115345,115346,115348],{},[15,115344,95820],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115347,14602],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[338,115350,115352],{"id":115351},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115354,115355,115356,114351],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115357,14602],{},[338,115359,115361],{"id":115360},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115363,651,115364,10742,115366,114],{},[15,115365,102416],{},[15,115367,14602],{},[30,115369,1554],{"id":1553},[169,115371,115372,115379,115386,115392,115398],{},[172,115373,115374],{},[270,115375,115376],{"href":98117},[15,115377,115378],{},"Python set add() method",[172,115380,115381],{},[270,115382,115383],{"href":102413},[15,115384,115385],{},"Python set union() method",[172,115387,115388],{},[270,115389,115390],{"href":97500},[15,115391,96955],{},[172,115393,115394],{},[270,115395,115396],{"href":98694},[15,115397,99961],{},[172,115399,115400],{},[270,115401,115402,115404],{"href":52236},[15,115403,115171],{}," fix",[20,115406,115407,115408,115410,115411,115413],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115409,95825],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115412,107657],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1583,115415,115416],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":115418},[115419,115420,115422,115423,115424,115425,115426,115427,115429,115434,115441,115450],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":113649,"depth":103,"text":115421},"What set.update() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":21609,"depth":103,"text":21610},{"id":114035,"depth":103,"text":114036},{"id":114138,"depth":103,"text":114139},{"id":114345,"depth":103,"text":114346},{"id":114505,"depth":103,"text":115428},"update() vs add()",{"id":114725,"depth":103,"text":115430,"children":115431},"update() vs union()",[115432,115433],{"id":30104,"depth":132,"text":14602},{"id":110880,"depth":132,"text":102416},{"id":114925,"depth":103,"text":114926,"children":115435},[115436,115437,115438,115439],{"id":114933,"depth":132,"text":114934},{"id":115063,"depth":132,"text":115064},{"id":115174,"depth":132,"text":115175},{"id":115246,"depth":132,"text":115440},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":115442},[115443,115445,115446,115448,115449],{"id":115320,"depth":132,"text":115444},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31864,"depth":132,"text":31937},{"id":115336,"depth":132,"text":115447},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115351,"depth":132,"text":115352},{"id":115360,"depth":132,"text":115361},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113561,"description":115451},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115457,"title":115458,"body":115459,"description":117225,"extension":1616,"meta":117226,"navigation":434,"path":13438,"seo":117227,"stem":117228,"__hash__":117229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115460,"toc":117200},[115461,115464,115467,115470,115481,115489,115492,115494,115643,115655,115659,115676,115680,115688,115690,115701,115703,115800,115806,115809,115905,115914,115919,115923,115928,115930,115940,115942,116051,116059,116063,116066,116069,116086,116092,116172,116175,116179,116182,116186,116189,116248,116251,116255,116258,116350,116354,116357,116464,116468,116474,116502,116504,116586,116596,116600,116603,116614,116617,116702,116705,116710,116714,116717,116728,116731,116873,116876,116880,116883,116897,116900,116961,116967,116969,116972,116994,116997,117097,117100,117132,117134,117138,117141,117143,117146,117150,117153,117157,117160,117164,117167,117169,117197],[10,115462,115458],{"id":115463},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115465,115466],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115468,115469],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[169,115471,115472,115475,115478],{},[172,115473,115474],{},"a list inside another list",[172,115476,115477],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[172,115479,115480],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115482,99883,115483,898,115485,115488],{},[367,115484,12501],{},[367,115486,115487],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115490,115491],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[30,115493,33],{"id":32},[35,115495,115497],{"className":37,"code":115496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115498,115499,115506,115510,115536,115556,115576,115580,115598,115602,115615,115629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115500,115501,115503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115502,34733],{"class":805},[44,115504,115505],{"class":50}," copy\n",[44,115507,115508],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115509,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115511,115512,115514,115516,115518,115520,115522,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532,115534],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115513,11736],{"class":50},[44,115515,55],{"class":54},[44,115517,55930],{"class":58},[44,115519,1133],{"class":206},[44,115521,72],{"class":58},[44,115523,488],{"class":206},[44,115525,17705],{"class":58},[44,115527,3273],{"class":58},[44,115529,1141],{"class":206},[44,115531,72],{"class":58},[44,115533,1114],{"class":206},[44,115535,52878],{"class":58},[44,115537,115538,115541,115543,115546,115548,115550,115552,115554],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115539,115540],{"class":50},"shallow ",[44,115542,55],{"class":54},[44,115544,115545],{"class":50}," copy",[44,115547,114],{"class":58},[44,115549,12562],{"class":117},[44,115551,121],{"class":58},[44,115553,11783],{"class":117},[44,115555,100],{"class":58},[44,115557,115558,115561,115563,115565,115567,115570,115572,115574],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,115559,115560],{"class":50},"deep ",[44,115562,55],{"class":54},[44,115564,115545],{"class":50},[44,115566,114],{"class":58},[44,115568,115569],{"class":117},"deepcopy",[44,115571,121],{"class":58},[44,115573,11783],{"class":117},[44,115575,100],{"class":58},[44,115577,115578],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,115579,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115581,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590,115592,115594,115596],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,115583,11783],{"class":50},[44,115585,1271],{"class":58},[44,115587,186],{"class":206},[44,115589,13198],{"class":58},[44,115591,13201],{"class":117},[44,115593,121],{"class":58},[44,115595,55983],{"class":206},[44,115597,100],{"class":58},[44,115599,115600],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,115601,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115603,115604,115606,115608,115610,115612],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,115605,136],{"class":135},[44,115607,121],{"class":58},[44,115609,11783],{"class":117},[44,115611,144],{"class":58},[44,115613,115614],{"class":147},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115616,115617,115619,115621,115624,115626],{"class":46,"line":6085},[44,115618,136],{"class":135},[44,115620,121],{"class":58},[44,115622,115623],{"class":117},"shallow",[44,115625,144],{"class":58},[44,115627,115628],{"class":147},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115630,115631,115633,115635,115638,115640],{"class":46,"line":11244},[44,115632,136],{"class":135},[44,115634,121],{"class":58},[44,115636,115637],{"class":117},"deep",[44,115639,144],{"class":58},[44,115641,115642],{"class":147},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115644,651,115645,115648,115649,898,115651,115654],{},[15,115646,115647],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[367,115650,12501],{},[15,115652,115653],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[30,115656,115658],{"id":115657},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[169,115660,115661,115664,115667,115670,115673],{},[172,115662,115663],{},"What a copy means in Python",[172,115665,115666],{},"How shallow copy works",[172,115668,115669],{},"How deep copy works",[172,115671,115672],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[172,115674,115675],{},"When to use each approach",[30,115677,115679],{"id":115678},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115681,14837,115682,115684,115685,115687],{},[367,115683,12501],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[367,115686,881],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115689,1758],{},[169,115691,115692,115695,115698],{},[172,115693,115694],{},"the outer container is new",[172,115696,115697],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[172,115699,115700],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115702,189],{},[35,115704,115706],{"className":37,"code":115705,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115707,115708,115734,115748,115752,115770,115774,115787],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115709,115710,115712,115714,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724,115726,115728,115730,115732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115711,11736],{"class":50},[44,115713,55],{"class":54},[44,115715,55930],{"class":58},[44,115717,1133],{"class":206},[44,115719,72],{"class":58},[44,115721,488],{"class":206},[44,115723,17705],{"class":58},[44,115725,3273],{"class":58},[44,115727,1141],{"class":206},[44,115729,72],{"class":58},[44,115731,1114],{"class":206},[44,115733,52878],{"class":58},[44,115735,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115737,13960],{"class":50},[44,115739,55],{"class":54},[44,115741,11811],{"class":50},[44,115743,114],{"class":58},[44,115745,12562],{"class":117},[44,115747,8292],{"class":58},[44,115749,115750],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115751,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115753,115754,115756,115758,115760,115762,115764,115766,115768],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115755,13979],{"class":50},[44,115757,114],{"class":58},[44,115759,13201],{"class":117},[44,115761,2631],{"class":58},[44,115763,929],{"class":206},[44,115765,72],{"class":58},[44,115767,37280],{"class":206},[44,115769,3538],{"class":58},[44,115771,115772],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,115773,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115775,115776,115778,115780,115782,115784],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,115777,136],{"class":135},[44,115779,121],{"class":58},[44,115781,11783],{"class":117},[44,115783,144],{"class":58},[44,115785,115786],{"class":147},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[44,115788,115789,115791,115793,115795,115797],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,115790,136],{"class":135},[44,115792,121],{"class":58},[44,115794,13979],{"class":117},[44,115796,144],{"class":58},[44,115798,115799],{"class":147},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115801,115802,115803,115805],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115804,13979],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115807,115808],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[35,115810,115812],{"className":37,"code":115811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115813,115814,115840,115854,115858,115876,115880,115892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115815,115816,115818,115820,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830,115832,115834,115836,115838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115817,11736],{"class":50},[44,115819,55],{"class":54},[44,115821,55930],{"class":58},[44,115823,1133],{"class":206},[44,115825,72],{"class":58},[44,115827,488],{"class":206},[44,115829,17705],{"class":58},[44,115831,3273],{"class":58},[44,115833,1141],{"class":206},[44,115835,72],{"class":58},[44,115837,1114],{"class":206},[44,115839,52878],{"class":58},[44,115841,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115843,13960],{"class":50},[44,115845,55],{"class":54},[44,115847,11811],{"class":50},[44,115849,114],{"class":58},[44,115851,12562],{"class":117},[44,115853,8292],{"class":58},[44,115855,115856],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115857,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115859,115860,115862,115864,115866,115868,115870,115872,115874],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115861,13979],{"class":50},[44,115863,1271],{"class":58},[44,115865,186],{"class":206},[44,115867,13198],{"class":58},[44,115869,13201],{"class":117},[44,115871,121],{"class":58},[44,115873,55983],{"class":206},[44,115875,100],{"class":58},[44,115877,115878],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,115879,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115881,115882,115884,115886,115888,115890],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,115883,136],{"class":135},[44,115885,121],{"class":58},[44,115887,11783],{"class":117},[44,115889,144],{"class":58},[44,115891,115614],{"class":147},[44,115893,115894,115896,115898,115900,115902],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,115895,136],{"class":135},[44,115897,121],{"class":58},[44,115899,13979],{"class":117},[44,115901,144],{"class":58},[44,115903,115904],{"class":147},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115906,115907,115908,898,115910,115913],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115909,56087],{},[15,115911,115912],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115915,115916,115917,114],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[270,115918,43573],{"href":11715},[30,115920,115922],{"id":115921},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115924,14837,115925,115927],{},[367,115926,115487],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115929,1758],{},[169,115931,115932,115934,115937],{},[172,115933,115694],{},[172,115935,115936],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[172,115938,115939],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115941,189],{},[35,115943,115945],{"className":37,"code":115944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115946,115947,115953,115957,115983,116001,116005,116023,116027,116039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,115948,115949,115951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,115950,34733],{"class":805},[44,115952,115505],{"class":50},[44,115954,115955],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,115956,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,115958,115959,115961,115963,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,115960,11736],{"class":50},[44,115962,55],{"class":54},[44,115964,55930],{"class":58},[44,115966,1133],{"class":206},[44,115968,72],{"class":58},[44,115970,488],{"class":206},[44,115972,17705],{"class":58},[44,115974,3273],{"class":58},[44,115976,1141],{"class":206},[44,115978,72],{"class":58},[44,115980,1114],{"class":206},[44,115982,52878],{"class":58},[44,115984,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,115986,13960],{"class":50},[44,115988,55],{"class":54},[44,115990,115545],{"class":50},[44,115992,114],{"class":58},[44,115994,115569],{"class":117},[44,115996,121],{"class":58},[44,115998,11783],{"class":117},[44,116000,100],{"class":58},[44,116002,116003],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116004,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116006,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015,116017,116019,116021],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,116008,13979],{"class":50},[44,116010,1271],{"class":58},[44,116012,186],{"class":206},[44,116014,13198],{"class":58},[44,116016,13201],{"class":117},[44,116018,121],{"class":58},[44,116020,55983],{"class":206},[44,116022,100],{"class":58},[44,116024,116025],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,116026,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116028,116029,116031,116033,116035,116037],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,116030,136],{"class":135},[44,116032,121],{"class":58},[44,116034,11783],{"class":117},[44,116036,144],{"class":58},[44,116038,115786],{"class":147},[44,116040,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,116042,136],{"class":135},[44,116044,121],{"class":58},[44,116046,13979],{"class":117},[44,116048,144],{"class":58},[44,116050,115904],{"class":147},[20,116052,116053,116054,116056,116057,114],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116055,115912],{}," does not change ",[15,116058,56087],{},[30,116060,116062],{"id":116061},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116064,116065],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116067,116068],{},"Common reasons:",[169,116070,116071,116074,116077,116083],{},[172,116072,116073],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[172,116075,116076],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[172,116078,116079,116080,116082],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116081,55],{}," does not make a copy",[172,116084,116085],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116087,116088,116089,116091],{},"For example, this does ",[367,116090,881],{}," create a copy:",[35,116093,116095],{"className":37,"code":116094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116096,116097,116117,116125,116129,116143,116147,116159],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116098,116099,116101,116103,116105,116107,116109,116111,116113,116115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116100,11736],{"class":50},[44,116102,55],{"class":54},[44,116104,3273],{"class":58},[44,116106,1133],{"class":206},[44,116108,72],{"class":58},[44,116110,488],{"class":206},[44,116112,72],{"class":58},[44,116114,524],{"class":206},[44,116116,3286],{"class":58},[44,116118,116119,116121,116123],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116120,13960],{"class":50},[44,116122,55],{"class":54},[44,116124,11774],{"class":50},[44,116126,116127],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116128,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116130,116131,116133,116135,116137,116139,116141],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116132,13979],{"class":50},[44,116134,114],{"class":58},[44,116136,13201],{"class":117},[44,116138,121],{"class":58},[44,116140,1145],{"class":206},[44,116142,100],{"class":58},[44,116144,116145],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116146,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116148,116149,116151,116153,116155,116157],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,116150,136],{"class":135},[44,116152,121],{"class":58},[44,116154,11783],{"class":117},[44,116156,144],{"class":58},[44,116158,55337],{"class":147},[44,116160,116161,116163,116165,116167,116169],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,116162,136],{"class":135},[44,116164,121],{"class":58},[44,116166,13979],{"class":117},[44,116168,144],{"class":58},[44,116170,116171],{"class":147},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116173,116174],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[30,116176,116178],{"id":116177},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116180,116181],{},"These three ideas are different.",[338,116183,116185],{"id":116184},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116187,116188],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[35,116190,116192],{"className":37,"code":116191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116193,116194,116220,116228,116232],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116195,116196,116198,116200,116202,116204,116206,116208,116210,116212,116214,116216,116218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116197,11736],{"class":50},[44,116199,55],{"class":54},[44,116201,55930],{"class":58},[44,116203,1133],{"class":206},[44,116205,72],{"class":58},[44,116207,488],{"class":206},[44,116209,17705],{"class":58},[44,116211,3273],{"class":58},[44,116213,1141],{"class":206},[44,116215,72],{"class":58},[44,116217,1114],{"class":206},[44,116219,52878],{"class":58},[44,116221,116222,116224,116226],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116223,13751],{"class":50},[44,116225,55],{"class":54},[44,116227,11774],{"class":50},[44,116229,116230],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116231,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116233,116234,116236,116238,116240,116242,116244,116246],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116235,136],{"class":135},[44,116237,121],{"class":58},[44,116239,11736],{"class":117},[44,116241,11844],{"class":805},[44,116243,13819],{"class":117},[44,116245,144],{"class":58},[44,116247,3314],{"class":147},[20,116249,116250],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[338,116252,116254],{"id":116253},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116256,116257],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[35,116259,116261],{"className":37,"code":116260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116262,116263,116289,116303,116307,116324],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116264,116265,116267,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116266,11736],{"class":50},[44,116268,55],{"class":54},[44,116270,55930],{"class":58},[44,116272,1133],{"class":206},[44,116274,72],{"class":58},[44,116276,488],{"class":206},[44,116278,17705],{"class":58},[44,116280,3273],{"class":58},[44,116282,1141],{"class":206},[44,116284,72],{"class":58},[44,116286,1114],{"class":206},[44,116288,52878],{"class":58},[44,116290,116291,116293,116295,116297,116299,116301],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116292,115540],{"class":50},[44,116294,55],{"class":54},[44,116296,11811],{"class":50},[44,116298,114],{"class":58},[44,116300,12562],{"class":117},[44,116302,8292],{"class":58},[44,116304,116305],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116306,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116308,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116320,116322],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116310,136],{"class":135},[44,116312,121],{"class":58},[44,116314,11736],{"class":117},[44,116316,11844],{"class":805},[44,116318,116319],{"class":117}," shallow",[44,116321,144],{"class":58},[44,116323,20841],{"class":147},[44,116325,116326,116328,116330,116332,116334,116336,116338,116340,116342,116344,116346,116348],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116327,136],{"class":135},[44,116329,121],{"class":58},[44,116331,11783],{"class":117},[44,116333,1271],{"class":58},[44,116335,186],{"class":206},[44,116337,12921],{"class":58},[44,116339,7745],{"class":805},[44,116341,116319],{"class":117},[44,116343,1271],{"class":58},[44,116345,186],{"class":206},[44,116347,1276],{"class":58},[44,116349,3314],{"class":147},[338,116351,116353],{"id":116352},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116355,116356],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[35,116358,116360],{"className":37,"code":116359,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116361,116362,116368,116372,116398,116416,116420,116438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116363,116364,116366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116365,34733],{"class":805},[44,116367,115505],{"class":50},[44,116369,116370],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116371,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116373,116374,116376,116378,116380,116382,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392,116394,116396],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116375,11736],{"class":50},[44,116377,55],{"class":54},[44,116379,55930],{"class":58},[44,116381,1133],{"class":206},[44,116383,72],{"class":58},[44,116385,488],{"class":206},[44,116387,17705],{"class":58},[44,116389,3273],{"class":58},[44,116391,1141],{"class":206},[44,116393,72],{"class":58},[44,116395,1114],{"class":206},[44,116397,52878],{"class":58},[44,116399,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116410,116412,116414],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116401,115560],{"class":50},[44,116403,55],{"class":54},[44,116405,115545],{"class":50},[44,116407,114],{"class":58},[44,116409,115569],{"class":117},[44,116411,121],{"class":58},[44,116413,11783],{"class":117},[44,116415,100],{"class":58},[44,116417,116418],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116419,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116421,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116433,116435],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,116423,136],{"class":135},[44,116425,121],{"class":58},[44,116427,11736],{"class":117},[44,116429,11844],{"class":805},[44,116431,116432],{"class":117}," deep",[44,116434,144],{"class":58},[44,116436,116437],{"class":147},"         # False\n",[44,116439,116440,116442,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458,116460,116462],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,116441,136],{"class":135},[44,116443,121],{"class":58},[44,116445,11783],{"class":117},[44,116447,1271],{"class":58},[44,116449,186],{"class":206},[44,116451,12921],{"class":58},[44,116453,7745],{"class":805},[44,116455,116432],{"class":117},[44,116457,1271],{"class":58},[44,116459,186],{"class":206},[44,116461,1276],{"class":58},[44,116463,43509],{"class":147},[30,116465,116467],{"id":116466},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116469,116470,116471,1155],{},"These all make ",[367,116472,116473],{},"shallow copies",[169,116475,116476,116480,116484,116489,116495],{},[172,116477,116478],{},[15,116479,55237],{},[172,116481,116482],{},[15,116483,12085],{},[172,116485,116486],{},[15,116487,116488],{},"set.copy()",[172,116490,116491,116492],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116493,116494],{},"my_list[:]",[172,116496,116497,116499,116500,34723],{},[15,116498,115647],{}," from the ",[15,116501,12562],{},[20,116503,1776],{},[35,116505,116507],{"className":37,"code":116506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116508,116509,116529,116533,116547,116558,116562,116574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116510,116511,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523,116525,116527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116512,199],{"class":50},[44,116514,55],{"class":54},[44,116516,3273],{"class":58},[44,116518,1133],{"class":206},[44,116520,72],{"class":58},[44,116522,488],{"class":206},[44,116524,72],{"class":58},[44,116526,524],{"class":206},[44,116528,3286],{"class":58},[44,116530,116531],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116532,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116534,116535,116537,116539,116541,116543,116545],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116536,2198],{"class":50},[44,116538,55],{"class":54},[44,116540,3912],{"class":50},[44,116542,114],{"class":58},[44,116544,12562],{"class":117},[44,116546,8292],{"class":58},[44,116548,116549,116551,116553,116555],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116550,2226],{"class":50},[44,116552,55],{"class":54},[44,116554,3912],{"class":50},[44,116556,116557],{"class":58},"[:]\n",[44,116559,116560],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116561,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116563,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,116565,136],{"class":135},[44,116567,121],{"class":58},[44,116569,270],{"class":117},[44,116571,144],{"class":58},[44,116573,54568],{"class":147},[44,116575,116576,116578,116580,116582,116584],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,116577,136],{"class":135},[44,116579,121],{"class":58},[44,116581,399],{"class":117},[44,116583,144],{"class":58},[44,116585,54568],{"class":147},[20,116587,72757,116588,47171,116592,114],{},[270,116589,116590,1180],{"href":54596},[15,116591,55237],{},[270,116593,116594,1180],{"href":12082},[15,116595,12085],{},[30,116597,116599],{"id":116598},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116601,116602],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[169,116604,116605,116608,116611],{},[172,116606,116607],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[172,116609,116610],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[172,116612,116613],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116615,116616],{},"Example with a flat list:",[35,116618,116620],{"className":37,"code":116619,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116621,116622,116642,116656,116660,116674,116678,116690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116623,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632,116634,116636,116638,116640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116625,11736],{"class":50},[44,116627,55],{"class":54},[44,116629,3273],{"class":58},[44,116631,1133],{"class":206},[44,116633,72],{"class":58},[44,116635,488],{"class":206},[44,116637,72],{"class":58},[44,116639,524],{"class":206},[44,116641,3286],{"class":58},[44,116643,116644,116646,116648,116650,116652,116654],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116645,13960],{"class":50},[44,116647,55],{"class":54},[44,116649,11811],{"class":50},[44,116651,114],{"class":58},[44,116653,12562],{"class":117},[44,116655,8292],{"class":58},[44,116657,116658],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116659,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116661,116662,116664,116666,116668,116670,116672],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116663,13979],{"class":50},[44,116665,114],{"class":58},[44,116667,13201],{"class":117},[44,116669,121],{"class":58},[44,116671,1145],{"class":206},[44,116673,100],{"class":58},[44,116675,116676],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116677,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116679,116680,116682,116684,116686,116688],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,116681,136],{"class":135},[44,116683,121],{"class":58},[44,116685,11783],{"class":117},[44,116687,144],{"class":58},[44,116689,54568],{"class":147},[44,116691,116692,116694,116696,116698,116700],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,116693,136],{"class":135},[44,116695,121],{"class":58},[44,116697,13979],{"class":117},[44,116699,144],{"class":58},[44,116701,116171],{"class":147},[20,116703,116704],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116706,116707,116708,114],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[270,116709,14537],{"href":56855},[30,116711,116713],{"id":116712},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116715,116716],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[169,116718,116719,116722,116725],{},[172,116720,116721],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[172,116723,116724],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[172,116726,116727],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116729,116730],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[35,116732,116734],{"className":37,"code":116733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116735,116736,116742,116746,116772,116786,116804,116808,116830,116834,116847,116860],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116737,116738,116740],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116739,34733],{"class":805},[44,116741,115505],{"class":50},[44,116743,116744],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116745,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116747,116748,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762,116764,116766,116768,116770],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116749,11736],{"class":50},[44,116751,55],{"class":54},[44,116753,10141],{"class":58},[44,116755,63],{"class":62},[44,116757,16036],{"class":66},[44,116759,63],{"class":62},[44,116761,1155],{"class":58},[44,116763,3273],{"class":58},[44,116765,207],{"class":206},[44,116767,72],{"class":58},[44,116769,212],{"class":206},[44,116771,13354],{"class":58},[44,116773,116774,116776,116778,116780,116782,116784],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116775,115540],{"class":50},[44,116777,55],{"class":54},[44,116779,11811],{"class":50},[44,116781,114],{"class":58},[44,116783,12562],{"class":117},[44,116785,8292],{"class":58},[44,116787,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116789,115560],{"class":50},[44,116791,55],{"class":54},[44,116793,115545],{"class":50},[44,116795,114],{"class":58},[44,116797,115569],{"class":117},[44,116799,121],{"class":58},[44,116801,11783],{"class":117},[44,116803,100],{"class":58},[44,116805,116806],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,116807,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116809,116810,116812,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822,116824,116826,116828],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,116811,11783],{"class":50},[44,116813,1271],{"class":58},[44,116815,63],{"class":62},[44,116817,16036],{"class":66},[44,116819,63],{"class":62},[44,116821,13198],{"class":58},[44,116823,13201],{"class":117},[44,116825,121],{"class":58},[44,116827,36479],{"class":206},[44,116829,100],{"class":58},[44,116831,116832],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,116833,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116835,116836,116838,116840,116842,116844],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,116837,136],{"class":135},[44,116839,121],{"class":58},[44,116841,11783],{"class":117},[44,116843,144],{"class":58},[44,116845,116846],{"class":147},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116848,116849,116851,116853,116855,116857],{"class":46,"line":6085},[44,116850,136],{"class":135},[44,116852,121],{"class":58},[44,116854,115623],{"class":117},[44,116856,144],{"class":58},[44,116858,116859],{"class":147},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[44,116861,116862,116864,116866,116868,116870],{"class":46,"line":11244},[44,116863,136],{"class":135},[44,116865,121],{"class":58},[44,116867,115637],{"class":117},[44,116869,144],{"class":58},[44,116871,116872],{"class":147},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116874,116875],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[30,116877,116879],{"id":116878},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116881,116882],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[169,116884,116885,116888,116891,116894],{},[172,116886,116887],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[172,116889,116890],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[172,116892,116893],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[172,116895,116896],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116898,116899],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[35,116901,116903],{"className":37,"code":116902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116904,116905,116913,116921,116925,116933,116937,116949],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,116906,116907,116909,116911],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,116908,2198],{"class":50},[44,116910,55],{"class":54},[44,116912,2231],{"class":206},[44,116914,116915,116917,116919],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,116916,2226],{"class":50},[44,116918,55],{"class":54},[44,116920,35814],{"class":50},[44,116922,116923],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,116924,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116926,116927,116929,116931],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,116928,2226],{"class":50},[44,116930,55],{"class":54},[44,116932,14263],{"class":206},[44,116934,116935],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,116936,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,116938,116939,116941,116943,116945,116947],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,116940,136],{"class":135},[44,116942,121],{"class":58},[44,116944,270],{"class":117},[44,116946,144],{"class":58},[44,116948,26435],{"class":147},[44,116950,116951,116953,116955,116957,116959],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,116952,136],{"class":135},[44,116954,121],{"class":58},[44,116956,399],{"class":117},[44,116958,144],{"class":58},[44,116960,27255],{"class":147},[20,116962,93126,116963,116966],{},[270,116964,116965],{"href":11715},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[30,116968,1299],{"id":1298},[20,116970,116971],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[169,116973,116974,116978,116983,116988,116991],{},[172,116975,895,116976,56420],{},[15,116977,55],{},[172,116979,895,116980,116982],{},[15,116981,55237],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[172,116984,895,116985,116987],{},[15,116986,12085],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[172,116989,116990],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[172,116992,116993],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116995,116996],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[35,116998,117000],{"className":37,"code":116999,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117001,117002,117016,117030,117052,117083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117003,117004,117006,117008,117010,117012,117014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117005,136],{"class":135},[44,117007,121],{"class":58},[44,117009,11736],{"class":117},[44,117011,11844],{"class":805},[44,117013,14033],{"class":117},[44,117015,100],{"class":58},[44,117017,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117019,136],{"class":135},[44,117021,121],{"class":58},[44,117023,11736],{"class":117},[44,117025,4337],{"class":54},[44,117027,14033],{"class":117},[44,117029,100],{"class":58},[44,117031,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117048,117050],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117033,136],{"class":135},[44,117035,121],{"class":58},[44,117037,12300],{"class":135},[44,117039,121],{"class":58},[44,117041,11783],{"class":117},[44,117043,8884],{"class":58},[44,117045,14465],{"class":135},[44,117047,121],{"class":58},[44,117049,13979],{"class":117},[44,117051,244],{"class":58},[44,117053,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062,117064,117066,117068,117071,117073,117075,117077,117079,117081],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,117055,136],{"class":135},[44,117057,121],{"class":58},[44,117059,12300],{"class":135},[44,117061,121],{"class":58},[44,117063,11783],{"class":117},[44,117065,1271],{"class":58},[44,117067,186],{"class":206},[44,117069,117070],{"class":58},"]),",[44,117072,14465],{"class":135},[44,117074,121],{"class":58},[44,117076,13979],{"class":117},[44,117078,1271],{"class":58},[44,117080,186],{"class":206},[44,117082,2644],{"class":58},[44,117084,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,117086,136],{"class":135},[44,117088,121],{"class":58},[44,117090,2868],{"class":2546},[44,117092,121],{"class":58},[44,117094,11783],{"class":117},[44,117096,244],{"class":58},[20,117098,117099],{},"What they tell you:",[169,117101,117102,117107,117112,117117,117127],{},[172,117103,117104,117106],{},[15,117105,11844],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[172,117108,117109,117111],{},[15,117110,4337],{}," checks whether values are equal",[172,117113,117114,117116],{},[15,117115,43125],{}," shows the identity of an object",[172,117118,117119,117120,898,117123,117126],{},"comparing ",[15,117121,117122],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117124,117125],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[172,117128,117129,117131],{},[15,117130,1949],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[30,117133,1497],{"id":1496},[338,117135,117137],{"id":117136},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117139,117140],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[338,117142,56905],{"id":56821},[20,117144,117145],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[338,117147,117149],{"id":117148},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117151,117152],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[338,117154,117156],{"id":117155},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117158,117159],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[338,117161,117163],{"id":117162},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117165,117166],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[30,117168,1554],{"id":1553},[169,117170,117171,117176,117182,117188,117192],{},[172,117172,117173],{},[270,117174,117175],{"href":11715},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[172,117177,117178],{},[270,117179,3225,117180,1180],{"href":54596},[15,117181,55237],{},[172,117183,117184],{},[270,117185,3225,117186,1180],{"href":12082},[15,117187,12085],{},[172,117189,117190],{},[270,117191,14613],{"href":56855},[172,117193,117194],{},[270,117195,117196],{"href":58127},"What is a list in Python?",[1583,117198,117199],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":117201},[117202,117203,117204,117205,117206,117207,117212,117213,117214,117215,117216,117217,117224],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":115657,"depth":103,"text":115658},{"id":115678,"depth":103,"text":115679},{"id":115921,"depth":103,"text":115922},{"id":116061,"depth":103,"text":116062},{"id":116177,"depth":103,"text":116178,"children":117208},[117209,117210,117211],{"id":116184,"depth":132,"text":116185},{"id":116253,"depth":132,"text":116254},{"id":116352,"depth":132,"text":116353},{"id":116466,"depth":103,"text":116467},{"id":116598,"depth":103,"text":116599},{"id":116712,"depth":103,"text":116713},{"id":116878,"depth":103,"text":116879},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":117218},[117219,117220,117221,117222,117223],{"id":117136,"depth":132,"text":117137},{"id":56821,"depth":132,"text":56905},{"id":117148,"depth":132,"text":117149},{"id":117155,"depth":132,"text":117156},{"id":117162,"depth":132,"text":117163},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115458,"description":117225},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117231,"title":117232,"body":117233,"description":119090,"extension":1616,"meta":119091,"navigation":434,"path":119092,"seo":119093,"stem":119094,"__hash__":119095},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117234,"toc":119048},[117235,117240,117245,117253,117255,117323,117328,117333,117348,117351,117353,117384,117386,117406,117409,117424,117426,117429,117502,117504,117549,117551,117562,117567,117571,117576,117579,117618,117620,117640,117643,117700,117702,117737,117740,117779,117781,117801,117804,117835,117837,117893,117895,117900,117971,117973,118006,118011,118016,118081,118083,118120,118123,118200,118202,118262,118269,118274,118277,118280,118361,118363,118404,118409,118412,118490,118492,118525,118534,118541,118544,118555,118558,118569,118573,118581,118590,118594,118599,118603,118608,118651,118654,118660,118663,118665,118712,118717,118721,118724,118773,118775,118796,118799,118801,118826,118829,118950,118955,118957,118962,118965,118970,118973,118981,118986,118993,118996,119004,119007,119009,119045],[10,117236,3225,117238,3229],{"id":117237},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117239,74041],{},[20,117241,117242,117244],{},[15,117243,74041],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117246,117247,117248,1134,117250,117252],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117249,77483],{},[15,117251,74041],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[30,117254,3259],{"id":3258},[35,117256,117258],{"className":37,"code":117257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117259,117260,117280,117294,117298,117310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117261,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270,117272,117274,117276,117278],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117263,199],{"class":50},[44,117265,55],{"class":54},[44,117267,3273],{"class":58},[44,117269,1141],{"class":206},[44,117271,72],{"class":58},[44,117273,519],{"class":206},[44,117275,72],{"class":58},[44,117277,488],{"class":206},[44,117279,3286],{"class":58},[44,117281,117282,117284,117286,117288,117290,117292],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117283,604],{"class":50},[44,117285,55],{"class":54},[44,117287,74175],{"class":135},[44,117289,121],{"class":58},[44,117291,232],{"class":117},[44,117293,100],{"class":58},[44,117295,117296],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117297,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,117299,117300,117302,117304,117306,117308],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,117301,136],{"class":135},[44,117303,121],{"class":58},[44,117305,632],{"class":117},[44,117307,144],{"class":58},[44,117309,55324],{"class":147},[44,117311,117312,117314,117316,117318,117320],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,117313,136],{"class":135},[44,117315,121],{"class":58},[44,117317,232],{"class":117},[44,117319,144],{"class":58},[44,117321,117322],{"class":147},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117324,117325,117327],{},[15,117326,74041],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[30,117329,158,117331,161],{"id":117330},"what-sorted-does",[15,117332,74041],{},[169,117334,117335,117339,117342,117345],{},[172,117336,117337,62557],{},[15,117338,74041],{},[172,117340,117341],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[172,117343,117344],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[172,117346,117347],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117349,117350],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[30,117352,277],{"id":276},[35,117354,117356],{"className":37,"code":117355,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117357,117358],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117359,117360,117362,117364,117366,117368,117370,117372,117374,117376,117378,117380,117382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117361,74131],{"class":135},[44,117363,121],{"class":58},[44,117365,3370],{"class":117},[44,117367,72],{"class":58},[44,117369,21220],{"class":8826},[44,117371,55],{"class":54},[44,117373,3428],{"class":3502},[44,117375,72],{"class":58},[44,117377,77686],{"class":8826},[44,117379,55],{"class":54},[44,117381,3324],{"class":3502},[44,117383,100],{"class":58},[338,117385,341],{"id":340},[169,117387,117388,117393,117398],{},[172,117389,117390,117392],{},[15,117391,3370],{},": the values to sort",[172,117394,117395,117397],{},[15,117396,14490],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[172,117399,117400,117402,117403,117405],{},[15,117401,73194],{},": set to ",[15,117404,3254],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117407,117408],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[35,117410,117412],{"className":37,"code":117411,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117413,117414],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117415,117416,117418,117420,117422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117417,74131],{"class":135},[44,117419,121],{"class":58},[44,117421,59940],{"class":117},[44,117423,100],{"class":58},[30,117425,11124],{"id":11123},[20,117427,117428],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[35,117430,117432],{"className":37,"code":117431,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117433,117434,117458,117462,117477,117481,117492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117435,117436,117438,117440,117442,117444,117446,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117437,199],{"class":50},[44,117439,55],{"class":54},[44,117441,3273],{"class":58},[44,117443,929],{"class":206},[44,117445,72],{"class":58},[44,117447,488],{"class":206},[44,117449,72],{"class":58},[44,117451,6008],{"class":206},[44,117453,72],{"class":58},[44,117455,519],{"class":206},[44,117457,3286],{"class":58},[44,117459,117460],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117461,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,117463,117464,117467,117469,117471,117473,117475],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117465,117466],{"class":50},"sorted_numbers ",[44,117468,55],{"class":54},[44,117470,74175],{"class":135},[44,117472,121],{"class":58},[44,117474,232],{"class":117},[44,117476,100],{"class":58},[44,117478,117479],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,117480,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,117482,117483,117485,117487,117490],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,117484,136],{"class":135},[44,117486,121],{"class":58},[44,117488,117489],{"class":117},"sorted_numbers",[44,117491,100],{"class":58},[44,117493,117494,117496,117498,117500],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,117495,136],{"class":135},[44,117497,121],{"class":58},[44,117499,232],{"class":117},[44,117501,100],{"class":58},[20,117503,247],{},[35,117505,117507],{"className":37,"code":117506,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117508,117509,117529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117510,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117512,1271],{"class":58},[44,117514,1133],{"class":206},[44,117516,72],{"class":58},[44,117518,488],{"class":206},[44,117520,72],{"class":58},[44,117522,939],{"class":206},[44,117524,72],{"class":58},[44,117526,6008],{"class":206},[44,117528,3286],{"class":58},[44,117530,117531,117533,117535,117537,117539,117541,117543,117545,117547],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117532,1271],{"class":58},[44,117534,929],{"class":206},[44,117536,72],{"class":58},[44,117538,488],{"class":206},[44,117540,72],{"class":58},[44,117542,6008],{"class":206},[44,117544,72],{"class":58},[44,117546,519],{"class":206},[44,117548,3286],{"class":58},[20,117550,13411],{},[169,117552,117553,117558],{},[172,117554,117555,117557],{},[15,117556,117489],{}," is a new sorted list",[172,117559,117560,112094],{},[15,117561,232],{},[20,117563,117564,117565,114],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[270,117566,77993],{"href":77992},[30,117568,117570],{"id":117569},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117572,117573,117575],{},[15,117574,74041],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[338,117577,117578],{"id":7742},"List",[35,117580,117582],{"className":37,"code":117581,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117583,117584,117604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117585,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594,117596,117598,117600,117602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117587,199],{"class":50},[44,117589,55],{"class":54},[44,117591,3273],{"class":58},[44,117593,1141],{"class":206},[44,117595,72],{"class":58},[44,117597,519],{"class":206},[44,117599,72],{"class":58},[44,117601,488],{"class":206},[44,117603,3286],{"class":58},[44,117605,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117607,136],{"class":135},[44,117609,121],{"class":58},[44,117611,74131],{"class":135},[44,117613,121],{"class":58},[44,117615,232],{"class":117},[44,117617,244],{"class":58},[20,117619,247],{},[35,117621,117622],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117623,117624],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117625,117626,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117627,1271],{"class":58},[44,117629,1133],{"class":206},[44,117631,72],{"class":58},[44,117633,488],{"class":206},[44,117635,72],{"class":58},[44,117637,524],{"class":206},[44,117639,3286],{"class":58},[338,117641,117642],{"id":48591},"Tuple",[35,117644,117646],{"className":37,"code":117645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117647,117648,117668,117682],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117649,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658,117660,117662,117664,117666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117651,922],{"class":50},[44,117653,55],{"class":54},[44,117655,59],{"class":58},[44,117657,1141],{"class":206},[44,117659,72],{"class":58},[44,117661,519],{"class":206},[44,117663,72],{"class":58},[44,117665,488],{"class":206},[44,117667,100],{"class":58},[44,117669,117670,117672,117674,117676,117678,117680],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117671,136],{"class":135},[44,117673,121],{"class":58},[44,117675,74131],{"class":135},[44,117677,121],{"class":58},[44,117679,962],{"class":117},[44,117681,244],{"class":58},[44,117683,117684,117686,117688,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,117685,136],{"class":135},[44,117687,121],{"class":58},[44,117689,2868],{"class":2546},[44,117691,121],{"class":58},[44,117693,74131],{"class":135},[44,117695,121],{"class":58},[44,117697,962],{"class":117},[44,117699,2557],{"class":58},[20,117701,247],{},[35,117703,117705],{"className":37,"code":117704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117706,117707,117723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117708,117709,117711,117713,117715,117717,117719,117721],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117710,1271],{"class":58},[44,117712,1133],{"class":206},[44,117714,72],{"class":58},[44,117716,488],{"class":206},[44,117718,72],{"class":58},[44,117720,524],{"class":206},[44,117722,3286],{"class":58},[44,117724,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117726,2937],{"class":54},[44,117728,2940],{"class":1716},[44,117730,2943],{"class":62},[44,117732,7742],{"class":66},[44,117734,2948],{"class":62},[44,117736,2951],{"class":54},[338,117738,117739],{"id":5935},"Set",[35,117741,117743],{"className":37,"code":117742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117744,117745,117765],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117746,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755,117757,117759,117761,117763],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117748,922],{"class":50},[44,117750,55],{"class":54},[44,117752,10141],{"class":58},[44,117754,1141],{"class":206},[44,117756,72],{"class":58},[44,117758,519],{"class":206},[44,117760,72],{"class":58},[44,117762,488],{"class":206},[44,117764,8959],{"class":58},[44,117766,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117768,136],{"class":135},[44,117770,121],{"class":58},[44,117772,74131],{"class":135},[44,117774,121],{"class":58},[44,117776,962],{"class":117},[44,117778,244],{"class":58},[20,117780,247],{},[35,117782,117783],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117784,117785],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117786,117787,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797,117799],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117788,1271],{"class":58},[44,117790,1133],{"class":206},[44,117792,72],{"class":58},[44,117794,488],{"class":206},[44,117796,72],{"class":58},[44,117798,524],{"class":206},[44,117800,3286],{"class":58},[338,117802,117803],{"id":60805},"String",[35,117805,117807],{"className":37,"code":117806,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117808,117809,117821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117810,117811,117813,117815,117817,117819],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117812,34329],{"class":50},[44,117814,55],{"class":54},[44,117816,75],{"class":62},[44,117818,39],{"class":66},[44,117820,3007],{"class":62},[44,117822,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117824,136],{"class":135},[44,117826,121],{"class":58},[44,117828,74131],{"class":135},[44,117830,121],{"class":58},[44,117832,34350],{"class":117},[44,117834,244],{"class":58},[20,117836,247],{},[35,117838,117839],{"className":37,"code":79010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,117840,117841],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117842,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869,117871,117873,117875,117877,117879,117881,117883,117885,117887,117889,117891],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117844,1271],{"class":58},[44,117846,2948],{"class":62},[44,117848,60071],{"class":66},[44,117850,2948],{"class":62},[44,117852,72],{"class":58},[44,117854,2943],{"class":62},[44,117856,75647],{"class":66},[44,117858,2948],{"class":62},[44,117860,72],{"class":58},[44,117862,2943],{"class":62},[44,117864,60106],{"class":66},[44,117866,2948],{"class":62},[44,117868,72],{"class":58},[44,117870,2943],{"class":62},[44,117872,20],{"class":66},[44,117874,2948],{"class":62},[44,117876,72],{"class":58},[44,117878,2943],{"class":62},[44,117880,62918],{"class":66},[44,117882,2948],{"class":62},[44,117884,72],{"class":58},[44,117886,2943],{"class":62},[44,117888,11395],{"class":66},[44,117890,2948],{"class":62},[44,117892,3286],{"class":58},[338,117894,28862],{"id":15252},[20,117896,63171,117897,117899],{},[15,117898,74041],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[35,117901,117903],{"className":37,"code":117902,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117904,117905,117957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117906,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933,117935,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947,117949,117951,117953,117955],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117908,12852],{"class":50},[44,117910,55],{"class":54},[44,117912,10141],{"class":58},[44,117914,63],{"class":62},[44,117916,7318],{"class":66},[44,117918,63],{"class":62},[44,117920,1155],{"class":58},[44,117922,75],{"class":62},[44,117924,12531],{"class":66},[44,117926,63],{"class":62},[44,117928,72],{"class":58},[44,117930,75],{"class":62},[44,117932,8949],{"class":66},[44,117934,63],{"class":62},[44,117936,1155],{"class":58},[44,117938,212],{"class":206},[44,117940,72],{"class":58},[44,117942,75],{"class":62},[44,117944,10059],{"class":66},[44,117946,63],{"class":62},[44,117948,1155],{"class":58},[44,117950,75],{"class":62},[44,117952,15678],{"class":66},[44,117954,63],{"class":62},[44,117956,8959],{"class":58},[44,117958,117959,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,117960,136],{"class":135},[44,117962,121],{"class":58},[44,117964,74131],{"class":135},[44,117966,121],{"class":58},[44,117968,16953],{"class":117},[44,117970,244],{"class":58},[20,117972,247],{},[35,117974,117976],{"className":37,"code":117975,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117977,117978],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,117979,117980,117982,117984,117986,117988,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,117981,1271],{"class":58},[44,117983,2948],{"class":62},[44,117985,8949],{"class":66},[44,117987,2948],{"class":62},[44,117989,72],{"class":58},[44,117991,2943],{"class":62},[44,117993,10059],{"class":66},[44,117995,2948],{"class":62},[44,117997,72],{"class":58},[44,117999,2943],{"class":62},[44,118001,7318],{"class":66},[44,118003,2948],{"class":62},[44,118005,3286],{"class":58},[30,118007,895,118009],{"id":118008},"using-reversetrue",[15,118010,77707],{},[20,118012,651,118013,118015],{},[15,118014,77707],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[35,118017,118019],{"className":37,"code":118018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118020,118021,118041,118045,118059],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118022,118023,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035,118037,118039],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118024,199],{"class":50},[44,118026,55],{"class":54},[44,118028,3273],{"class":58},[44,118030,1141],{"class":206},[44,118032,72],{"class":58},[44,118034,519],{"class":206},[44,118036,72],{"class":58},[44,118038,488],{"class":206},[44,118040,3286],{"class":58},[44,118042,118043],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118044,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,118046,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118048,136],{"class":135},[44,118050,121],{"class":58},[44,118052,74131],{"class":135},[44,118054,121],{"class":58},[44,118056,232],{"class":117},[44,118058,244],{"class":58},[44,118060,118061,118063,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,118062,136],{"class":135},[44,118064,121],{"class":58},[44,118066,74131],{"class":135},[44,118068,121],{"class":58},[44,118070,232],{"class":117},[44,118072,72],{"class":58},[44,118074,77686],{"class":8826},[44,118076,55],{"class":54},[44,118078,3254],{"class":3502},[44,118080,244],{"class":58},[20,118082,247],{},[35,118084,118086],{"className":37,"code":118085,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118087,118088,118104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118089,118090,118092,118094,118096,118098,118100,118102],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118091,1271],{"class":58},[44,118093,1133],{"class":206},[44,118095,72],{"class":58},[44,118097,488],{"class":206},[44,118099,72],{"class":58},[44,118101,524],{"class":206},[44,118103,3286],{"class":58},[44,118105,118106,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118107,1271],{"class":58},[44,118109,1141],{"class":206},[44,118111,72],{"class":58},[44,118113,488],{"class":206},[44,118115,72],{"class":58},[44,118117,519],{"class":206},[44,118119,3286],{"class":58},[20,118121,118122],{},"This also works with strings:",[35,118124,118126],{"className":37,"code":118125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118127,118128,118160,118164,118178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118129,118130,118132,118134,118136,118138,118140,118142,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154,118156,118158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118131,3720],{"class":50},[44,118133,55],{"class":54},[44,118135,3273],{"class":58},[44,118137,63],{"class":62},[44,118139,1209],{"class":66},[44,118141,63],{"class":62},[44,118143,72],{"class":58},[44,118145,75],{"class":62},[44,118147,1218],{"class":66},[44,118149,63],{"class":62},[44,118151,72],{"class":58},[44,118153,75],{"class":62},[44,118155,3745],{"class":66},[44,118157,63],{"class":62},[44,118159,3286],{"class":58},[44,118161,118162],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118163,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,118165,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118167,136],{"class":135},[44,118169,121],{"class":58},[44,118171,74131],{"class":135},[44,118173,121],{"class":58},[44,118175,3762],{"class":117},[44,118177,244],{"class":58},[44,118179,118180,118182,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,118181,136],{"class":135},[44,118183,121],{"class":58},[44,118185,74131],{"class":135},[44,118187,121],{"class":58},[44,118189,3762],{"class":117},[44,118191,72],{"class":58},[44,118193,77686],{"class":8826},[44,118195,55],{"class":54},[44,118197,3254],{"class":3502},[44,118199,244],{"class":58},[20,118201,247],{},[35,118203,118204],{"className":37,"code":73775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,118205,118206,118234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118207,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118209,1271],{"class":58},[44,118211,2948],{"class":62},[44,118213,1209],{"class":66},[44,118215,2948],{"class":62},[44,118217,72],{"class":58},[44,118219,2943],{"class":62},[44,118221,1218],{"class":66},[44,118223,2948],{"class":62},[44,118225,72],{"class":58},[44,118227,2943],{"class":62},[44,118229,3745],{"class":66},[44,118231,2948],{"class":62},[44,118233,3286],{"class":58},[44,118235,118236,118238,118240,118242,118244,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258,118260],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118237,1271],{"class":58},[44,118239,2948],{"class":62},[44,118241,3745],{"class":66},[44,118243,2948],{"class":62},[44,118245,72],{"class":58},[44,118247,2943],{"class":62},[44,118249,1218],{"class":66},[44,118251,2948],{"class":62},[44,118253,72],{"class":58},[44,118255,2943],{"class":62},[44,118257,1209],{"class":66},[44,118259,2948],{"class":62},[44,118261,3286],{"class":58},[30,118263,895,118265,118268],{"id":118264},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118266,118267],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118270,164,118271,118273],{},[15,118272,118267],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118275,118276],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118278,118279],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[35,118281,118283],{"className":37,"code":118282,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118284,118285,118325,118329,118351],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118286,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301,118303,118305,118307,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118288,3720],{"class":50},[44,118290,55],{"class":54},[44,118292,3273],{"class":58},[44,118294,63],{"class":62},[44,118296,78360],{"class":66},[44,118298,63],{"class":62},[44,118300,72],{"class":58},[44,118302,75],{"class":62},[44,118304,37995],{"class":66},[44,118306,63],{"class":62},[44,118308,72],{"class":58},[44,118310,75],{"class":62},[44,118312,1218],{"class":66},[44,118314,63],{"class":62},[44,118316,72],{"class":58},[44,118318,75],{"class":62},[44,118320,37978],{"class":66},[44,118322,63],{"class":62},[44,118324,3286],{"class":58},[44,118326,118327],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118328,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,118330,118331,118333,118335,118337,118339,118341,118343,118345,118347,118349],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118332,604],{"class":50},[44,118334,55],{"class":54},[44,118336,74175],{"class":135},[44,118338,121],{"class":58},[44,118340,3762],{"class":117},[44,118342,72],{"class":58},[44,118344,21220],{"class":8826},[44,118346,55],{"class":54},[44,118348,1365],{"class":135},[44,118350,100],{"class":58},[44,118352,118353,118355,118357,118359],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,118354,136],{"class":135},[44,118356,121],{"class":58},[44,118358,632],{"class":117},[44,118360,100],{"class":58},[20,118362,247],{},[35,118364,118366],{"className":37,"code":118365,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118367,118368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118369,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118371,1271],{"class":58},[44,118373,2948],{"class":62},[44,118375,37995],{"class":66},[44,118377,2948],{"class":62},[44,118379,72],{"class":58},[44,118381,2943],{"class":62},[44,118383,78360],{"class":66},[44,118385,2948],{"class":62},[44,118387,72],{"class":58},[44,118389,2943],{"class":62},[44,118391,37978],{"class":66},[44,118393,2948],{"class":62},[44,118395,72],{"class":58},[44,118397,2943],{"class":62},[44,118399,1218],{"class":66},[44,118401,2948],{"class":62},[44,118403,3286],{"class":58},[20,118405,20413,118406,118408],{},[15,118407,1365],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118410,118411],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[35,118413,118415],{"className":37,"code":118414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118416,118417,118450,118454,118480],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118418,118419,118421,118423,118425,118427,118429,118431,118433,118435,118437,118439,118441,118443,118446,118448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118420,3720],{"class":50},[44,118422,55],{"class":54},[44,118424,3273],{"class":58},[44,118426,63],{"class":62},[44,118428,82979],{"class":66},[44,118430,63],{"class":62},[44,118432,72],{"class":58},[44,118434,75],{"class":62},[44,118436,1209],{"class":66},[44,118438,63],{"class":62},[44,118440,72],{"class":58},[44,118442,75],{"class":62},[44,118444,118445],{"class":66},"Cherry",[44,118447,63],{"class":62},[44,118449,3286],{"class":58},[44,118451,118452],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118453,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,118455,118456,118458,118460,118462,118464,118466,118468,118470,118472,118474,118476,118478],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118457,604],{"class":50},[44,118459,55],{"class":54},[44,118461,74175],{"class":135},[44,118463,121],{"class":58},[44,118465,3762],{"class":117},[44,118467,72],{"class":58},[44,118469,21220],{"class":8826},[44,118471,55],{"class":54},[44,118473,3092],{"class":2546},[44,118475,114],{"class":58},[44,118477,8289],{"class":24390},[44,118479,100],{"class":58},[44,118481,118482,118484,118486,118488],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,118483,136],{"class":135},[44,118485,121],{"class":58},[44,118487,632],{"class":117},[44,118489,100],{"class":58},[20,118491,247],{},[35,118493,118495],{"className":37,"code":118494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118496,118497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118498,118499,118501,118503,118505,118507,118509,118511,118513,118515,118517,118519,118521,118523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118500,1271],{"class":58},[44,118502,2948],{"class":62},[44,118504,1209],{"class":66},[44,118506,2948],{"class":62},[44,118508,72],{"class":58},[44,118510,2943],{"class":62},[44,118512,82979],{"class":66},[44,118514,2948],{"class":62},[44,118516,72],{"class":58},[44,118518,2943],{"class":62},[44,118520,118445],{"class":66},[44,118522,2948],{"class":62},[44,118524,3286],{"class":58},[20,118526,118527,118528,34972,118530,114],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118529,41997],{},[270,118531,3225,118532,3158],{"href":41994},[15,118533,41997],{},[30,118535,118537,10236,118539],{"id":118536},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118538,74041],{},[15,118540,77483],{},[20,118542,118543],{},"The main difference is this:",[169,118545,118546,118551],{},[172,118547,118548,118550],{},[15,118549,74041],{}," returns a new list",[172,118552,118553,73579],{},[15,118554,77483],{},[20,118556,118557],{},"Also:",[169,118559,118560,118565],{},[172,118561,118562,118564],{},[15,118563,74041],{}," works with many iterables",[172,118566,118567,78916],{},[15,118568,77483],{},[20,118570,651,118571,654],{},[15,118572,74041],{},[169,118574,118575,118578],{},[172,118576,118577],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[172,118579,118580],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118582,118583,118584,114],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[270,118585,3225,118586,10236,118588,5431],{"href":78741},[15,118587,74041],{},[15,118589,77483],{},[30,118591,118593],{"id":118592},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118595,118596,118597,114],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118598,74041],{},[338,118600,118602],{"id":118601},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118604,118605,118606,1155],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118607,2650],{},[35,118609,118611],{"className":37,"code":118610,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118612,118613,118637],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118614,118615,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118616,922],{"class":50},[44,118618,55],{"class":54},[44,118620,3273],{"class":58},[44,118622,1133],{"class":206},[44,118624,72],{"class":58},[44,118626,75],{"class":62},[44,118628,1137],{"class":66},[44,118630,63],{"class":62},[44,118632,72],{"class":58},[44,118634,524],{"class":206},[44,118636,3286],{"class":58},[44,118638,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118640,136],{"class":135},[44,118642,121],{"class":58},[44,118644,74131],{"class":135},[44,118646,121],{"class":58},[44,118648,962],{"class":117},[44,118650,244],{"class":58},[20,118652,118653],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[338,118655,118657,118658,1950],{"id":118656},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118659,14490],{},[20,118661,118662],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118664,189],{},[35,118666,118668],{"className":37,"code":118667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118669,118670,118690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118671,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118673,199],{"class":50},[44,118675,55],{"class":54},[44,118677,3273],{"class":58},[44,118679,207],{"class":206},[44,118681,72],{"class":58},[44,118683,488],{"class":206},[44,118685,72],{"class":58},[44,118687,217],{"class":206},[44,118689,3286],{"class":58},[44,118691,118692,118694,118696,118698,118700,118702,118704,118706,118708,118710],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118693,136],{"class":135},[44,118695,121],{"class":58},[44,118697,74131],{"class":135},[44,118699,121],{"class":58},[44,118701,232],{"class":117},[44,118703,72],{"class":58},[44,118705,21220],{"class":8826},[44,118707,55],{"class":54},[44,118709,1365],{"class":135},[44,118711,244],{"class":58},[20,118713,48148,118714,118716],{},[15,118715,41997],{}," does not work on integers.",[338,118718,118720],{"id":118719},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118722,118723],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[35,118725,118727],{"className":37,"code":118726,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118728,118729,118749,118759,118763],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118730,118731,118733,118735,118737,118739,118741,118743,118745,118747],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118732,199],{"class":50},[44,118734,55],{"class":54},[44,118736,3273],{"class":58},[44,118738,1141],{"class":206},[44,118740,72],{"class":58},[44,118742,519],{"class":206},[44,118744,72],{"class":58},[44,118746,488],{"class":206},[44,118748,3286],{"class":58},[44,118750,118751,118753,118755,118757],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118752,74131],{"class":135},[44,118754,121],{"class":58},[44,118756,232],{"class":117},[44,118758,100],{"class":58},[44,118760,118761],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118762,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,118764,118765,118767,118769,118771],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,118766,136],{"class":135},[44,118768,121],{"class":58},[44,118770,232],{"class":117},[44,118772,100],{"class":58},[20,118774,247],{},[35,118776,118778],{"className":37,"code":118777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118779,118780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118781,118782,118784,118786,118788,118790,118792,118794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118783,1271],{"class":58},[44,118785,1141],{"class":206},[44,118787,72],{"class":58},[44,118789,519],{"class":206},[44,118791,72],{"class":58},[44,118793,488],{"class":206},[44,118795,3286],{"class":58},[20,118797,118798],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[30,118800,1299],{"id":1298},[169,118802,118803,118807,118810,118815,118819],{},[172,118804,4229,118805,73579],{},[15,118806,74041],{},[172,118808,118809],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[172,118811,4353,118812,118814],{},[15,118813,74041],{}," always returns a list",[172,118816,895,118817,22743],{},[15,118818,118267],{},[172,118820,29289,118821,118823,118824],{},[15,118822,63943],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118825,74041],{},[20,118827,118828],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[35,118830,118832],{"className":37,"code":118831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118833,118834,118856,118882,118920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,118835,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,118837,136],{"class":135},[44,118839,121],{"class":58},[44,118841,74131],{"class":135},[44,118843,2631],{"class":58},[44,118845,1141],{"class":206},[44,118847,72],{"class":58},[44,118849,519],{"class":206},[44,118851,72],{"class":58},[44,118853,488],{"class":206},[44,118855,2644],{"class":58},[44,118857,118858,118860,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,118859,136],{"class":135},[44,118861,121],{"class":58},[44,118863,2868],{"class":2546},[44,118865,121],{"class":58},[44,118867,74131],{"class":135},[44,118869,5158],{"class":58},[44,118871,1141],{"class":206},[44,118873,72],{"class":58},[44,118875,519],{"class":206},[44,118877,72],{"class":58},[44,118879,488],{"class":206},[44,118881,92982],{"class":58},[44,118883,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,118885,136],{"class":135},[44,118887,121],{"class":58},[44,118889,74131],{"class":135},[44,118891,2631],{"class":58},[44,118893,2948],{"class":62},[44,118895,82979],{"class":66},[44,118897,2948],{"class":62},[44,118899,72],{"class":58},[44,118901,2943],{"class":62},[44,118903,1209],{"class":66},[44,118905,2948],{"class":62},[44,118907,17705],{"class":58},[44,118909,21220],{"class":8826},[44,118911,55],{"class":54},[44,118913,3092],{"class":2546},[44,118915,114],{"class":58},[44,118917,8289],{"class":24390},[44,118919,244],{"class":58},[44,118921,118922,118924,118926,118928,118930,118932,118934,118936,118938,118940,118942,118944,118946,118948],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,118923,136],{"class":135},[44,118925,121],{"class":58},[44,118927,74131],{"class":135},[44,118929,2631],{"class":58},[44,118931,1141],{"class":206},[44,118933,72],{"class":58},[44,118935,519],{"class":206},[44,118937,72],{"class":58},[44,118939,488],{"class":206},[44,118941,17705],{"class":58},[44,118943,77686],{"class":8826},[44,118945,55],{"class":54},[44,118947,3254],{"class":3502},[44,118949,244],{"class":58},[20,118951,118952,118953,114],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[270,118954,52407],{"href":50615},[30,118956,1497],{"id":1496},[338,118958,12355,118960,56800],{"id":118959},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118961,74041],{},[20,118963,118964],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[338,118966,1501,118968,1504],{"id":118967},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118969,74041],{},[20,118971,118972],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[338,118974,118976,118977,10742,118979,1547],{"id":118975},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118978,74041],{},[15,118980,77483],{},[20,118982,651,118983,118985],{},[15,118984,74041],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[338,118987,1501,118989,86066,118991,1547],{"id":118988},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118990,118267],{},[15,118992,74041],{},[20,118994,118995],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[338,118997,4806,118999,119001,119002,1547],{"id":118998},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119000,74041],{}," give a ",[15,119003,2650],{},[20,119005,119006],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[30,119008,1554],{"id":1553},[169,119010,119011,119015,119023,119027,119033,119039],{},[172,119012,119013],{},[270,119014,79489],{"href":77992},[172,119016,119017],{},[270,119018,3225,119019,10236,119021,5431],{"href":78741},[15,119020,74041],{},[15,119022,77483],{},[172,119024,119025],{},[270,119026,52407],{"href":50615},[172,119028,119029],{},[270,119030,3225,119031,3158],{"href":41994},[15,119032,41997],{},[172,119034,119035],{},[270,119036,3225,119037,3158],{"href":91638},[15,119038,35392],{},[172,119040,119041],{},[270,119042,3225,119043,3158],{"href":35834},[15,119044,35837],{},[1583,119046,119047],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":119049},[119050,119051,119053,119056,119057,119064,119066,119068,119070,119076,119077,119089],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":117330,"depth":103,"text":119052},"What sorted() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":119054},[119055],{"id":340,"depth":132,"text":341},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":117569,"depth":103,"text":117570,"children":119058},[119059,119060,119061,119062,119063],{"id":7742,"depth":132,"text":117578},{"id":48591,"depth":132,"text":117642},{"id":5935,"depth":132,"text":117739},{"id":60805,"depth":132,"text":117803},{"id":15252,"depth":132,"text":28862},{"id":118008,"depth":103,"text":119065},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118264,"depth":103,"text":119067},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118536,"depth":103,"text":119069},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118592,"depth":103,"text":118593,"children":119071},[119072,119073,119075],{"id":118601,"depth":132,"text":118602},{"id":118656,"depth":132,"text":119074},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118719,"depth":132,"text":118720},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":119078},[119079,119081,119083,119085,119087],{"id":118959,"depth":132,"text":119080},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118967,"depth":132,"text":119082},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118975,"depth":132,"text":119084},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118988,"depth":132,"text":119086},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118998,"depth":132,"text":119088},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117232,"description":119090},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119097,"title":119098,"body":119099,"description":121210,"extension":1616,"meta":121211,"navigation":434,"path":78741,"seo":121212,"stem":121213,"__hash__":121214},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119100,"toc":121157},[119101,119108,119111,119121,119127,119130,119148,119156,119158,119217,119225,119229,119251,119255,119259,119261,119278,119280,119292,119298,119382,119386,119433,119439,119446,119450,119455,119457,119469,119474,119527,119531,119551,119558,119565,119569,119572,119591,119595,119709,119713,119783,119785,119797,119802,119806,119819,119823,119898,119902,119941,119948,119954,119959,119963,119977,119981,120046,120050,120083,120086,120091,120099,120106,120119,120122,120126,120209,120213,120250,120254,120357,120361,120422,120427,120434,120438,120441,120447,120450,120517,120521,120545,120547,120565,120572,120625,120629,120649,120655,120657,120714,120721,120747,120752,120757,120765,120771,120831,120835,120882,120885,120887,120890,120916,120919,121012,121014,121034,121038,121041,121059,121065,121067,121075,121080,121087,121090,121096,121099,121105,121113,121121,121126,121128,121154],[10,119102,3225,119104,10236,119106,92696],{"id":119103},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119105,74041],{},[15,119107,77483],{},[20,119109,119110],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[169,119112,119113,119117],{},[172,119114,119115],{},[15,119116,74041],{},[172,119118,119119],{},[15,119120,77483],{},[20,119122,119123,119124,119126],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[367,119125,881],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119128,119129],{},"The main difference is simple:",[169,119131,119132,119140],{},[172,119133,651,119134,119136,119137],{},[15,119135,74041],{}," when you want a ",[367,119138,119139],{},"new sorted result",[172,119141,651,119142,119144,119145],{},[15,119143,77483],{}," when you want to ",[367,119146,119147],{},"change the original list",[20,119149,119150,119151,2044,119153,119155],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119152,77483],{},[15,119154,3428],{}," and causes confusion.",[30,119157,3259],{"id":3258},[35,119159,119161],{"className":37,"code":119160,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119162,119163,119183,119187,119204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119164,119165,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179,119181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119166,199],{"class":50},[44,119168,55],{"class":54},[44,119170,3273],{"class":58},[44,119172,1141],{"class":206},[44,119174,72],{"class":58},[44,119176,519],{"class":206},[44,119178,72],{"class":58},[44,119180,488],{"class":206},[44,119182,3286],{"class":58},[44,119184,119185],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119186,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119188,119189,119191,119193,119195,119197,119199,119201],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119190,55526],{"class":50},[44,119192,55],{"class":54},[44,119194,74175],{"class":135},[44,119196,121],{"class":58},[44,119198,232],{"class":117},[44,119200,144],{"class":58},[44,119202,119203],{"class":147},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[44,119205,119206,119208,119210,119212,119214],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,119207,232],{"class":50},[44,119209,114],{"class":58},[44,119211,34441],{"class":117},[44,119213,7015],{"class":58},[44,119215,119216],{"class":147},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119218,651,119219,119221,119222,119224],{},[15,119220,74041],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119223,77483],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[30,119226,119228],{"id":119227},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[169,119230,119231,119236,119241,119248],{},[172,119232,651,119233,119235],{},[15,119234,74041],{}," to get a new sorted list",[172,119237,651,119238,119240],{},[15,119239,77483],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[172,119242,119243,119244,2044,119246],{},"Understand why ",[15,119245,77483],{},[15,119247,3428],{},[172,119249,119250],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[30,119252,158,119253,161],{"id":117330},[15,119254,74041],{},[20,119256,119257,62557],{},[15,119258,74041],{},[20,119260,48565],{},[169,119262,119263,119269,119275],{},[172,119264,119265,119266],{},"returns a ",[367,119267,119268],{},"new list",[172,119270,119271,119272,119274],{},"does ",[367,119273,881],{}," change the original data",[172,119276,119277],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119279,50769],{},[169,119281,119282,119284,119286,119288,119290],{},[172,119283,4949],{},[172,119285,4952],{},[172,119287,4958],{},[172,119289,4955],{},[172,119291,35552],{},[338,119293,34720,119295,119297],{"id":119294},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119296,74041],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[35,119299,119301],{"className":37,"code":119300,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119302,119303,119323,119327,119341,119345,119363],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119304,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317,119319,119321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119306,199],{"class":50},[44,119308,55],{"class":54},[44,119310,3273],{"class":58},[44,119312,1141],{"class":206},[44,119314,72],{"class":58},[44,119316,519],{"class":206},[44,119318,72],{"class":58},[44,119320,488],{"class":206},[44,119322,3286],{"class":58},[44,119324,119325],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119326,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119328,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119330,604],{"class":50},[44,119332,55],{"class":54},[44,119334,74175],{"class":135},[44,119336,121],{"class":58},[44,119338,232],{"class":117},[44,119340,100],{"class":58},[44,119342,119343],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,119344,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119346,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,119348,136],{"class":135},[44,119350,121],{"class":58},[44,119352,63],{"class":62},[44,119354,11804],{"class":66},[44,119356,63],{"class":62},[44,119358,72],{"class":58},[44,119360,3912],{"class":117},[44,119362,100],{"class":58},[44,119364,119365,119367,119369,119371,119374,119376,119378,119380],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,119366,136],{"class":135},[44,119368,121],{"class":58},[44,119370,63],{"class":62},[44,119372,119373],{"class":66},"sorted result:",[44,119375,63],{"class":62},[44,119377,72],{"class":58},[44,119379,80833],{"class":117},[44,119381,100],{"class":58},[20,119383,119384],{},[367,119385,247],{},[35,119387,119389],{"className":37,"code":119388,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119390,119391,119411],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119392,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119394,11783],{"class":50},[44,119396,1155],{"class":58},[44,119398,3273],{"class":58},[44,119400,1141],{"class":206},[44,119402,72],{"class":58},[44,119404,519],{"class":206},[44,119406,72],{"class":58},[44,119408,488],{"class":206},[44,119410,3286],{"class":58},[44,119412,119413,119415,119417,119419,119421,119423,119425,119427,119429,119431],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119414,74131],{"class":135},[44,119416,80833],{"class":50},[44,119418,1155],{"class":58},[44,119420,3273],{"class":58},[44,119422,1133],{"class":206},[44,119424,72],{"class":58},[44,119426,488],{"class":206},[44,119428,72],{"class":58},[44,119430,524],{"class":206},[44,119432,3286],{"class":58},[20,119434,119435,119436,119438],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119437,232],{}," stays the same.",[20,119440,119441,119442,114],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[270,119443,3225,119444,3158],{"href":74138},[15,119445,74041],{},[30,119447,158,119448,161],{"id":77549},[15,119449,77483],{},[20,119451,119452,119454],{},[15,119453,63943],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119456,48565],{},[169,119458,119459,119462,119465],{},[172,119460,119461],{},"changes the original list directly",[172,119463,119464],{},"only works on lists",[172,119466,3341,119467],{},[15,119468,3428],{},[338,119470,34720,119472,73579],{"id":119471},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119473,77483],{},[35,119475,119477],{"className":37,"code":119476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119478,119479,119499,119503,119513,119517],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119480,119481,119483,119485,119487,119489,119491,119493,119495,119497],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119482,199],{"class":50},[44,119484,55],{"class":54},[44,119486,3273],{"class":58},[44,119488,1141],{"class":206},[44,119490,72],{"class":58},[44,119492,519],{"class":206},[44,119494,72],{"class":58},[44,119496,488],{"class":206},[44,119498,3286],{"class":58},[44,119500,119501],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119502,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119504,119505,119507,119509,119511],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119506,232],{"class":50},[44,119508,114],{"class":58},[44,119510,34441],{"class":117},[44,119512,8292],{"class":58},[44,119514,119515],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,119516,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119518,119519,119521,119523,119525],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,119520,136],{"class":135},[44,119522,121],{"class":58},[44,119524,232],{"class":117},[44,119526,100],{"class":58},[20,119528,119529],{},[367,119530,247],{},[35,119532,119533],{"className":37,"code":54786,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,119534,119535],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119536,119537,119539,119541,119543,119545,119547,119549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119538,1271],{"class":58},[44,119540,1133],{"class":206},[44,119542,72],{"class":58},[44,119544,488],{"class":206},[44,119546,72],{"class":58},[44,119548,524],{"class":206},[44,119550,3286],{"class":58},[20,119552,119553,119554,119557],{},"After calling ",[15,119555,119556],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119559,119560,119561,114],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[270,119562,3225,119563,1180],{"href":74392},[15,119564,77483],{},[30,119566,119568],{"id":119567},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119570,119571],{},"Here is the core difference:",[169,119573,119574,119583],{},[172,119575,119576,119579,119580],{},[15,119577,119578],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[367,119581,119582],{},"new sorted list",[172,119584,119585,119588,119589,73949],{},[15,119586,119587],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119590,7988],{},[338,119592,119594],{"id":119593},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[35,119596,119598],{"className":37,"code":119597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119599,119600,119620,119624,119638,119657,119676,119680,119690],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119601,119602,119604,119606,119608,119610,119612,119614,119616,119618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119603,199],{"class":50},[44,119605,55],{"class":54},[44,119607,3273],{"class":58},[44,119609,929],{"class":206},[44,119611,72],{"class":58},[44,119613,488],{"class":206},[44,119615,72],{"class":58},[44,119617,1114],{"class":206},[44,119619,3286],{"class":58},[44,119621,119622],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119623,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119625,119626,119628,119630,119632,119634,119636],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119627,2198],{"class":50},[44,119629,55],{"class":54},[44,119631,74175],{"class":135},[44,119633,121],{"class":58},[44,119635,232],{"class":117},[44,119637,100],{"class":58},[44,119639,119640,119642,119644,119646,119649,119651,119653,119655],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,119641,136],{"class":135},[44,119643,121],{"class":58},[44,119645,63],{"class":62},[44,119647,119648],{"class":66},"numbers after sorted():",[44,119650,63],{"class":62},[44,119652,72],{"class":58},[44,119654,3912],{"class":117},[44,119656,100],{"class":58},[44,119658,119659,119661,119663,119665,119668,119670,119672,119674],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,119660,136],{"class":135},[44,119662,121],{"class":58},[44,119664,63],{"class":62},[44,119666,119667],{"class":66},"a:",[44,119669,63],{"class":62},[44,119671,72],{"class":58},[44,119673,56524],{"class":117},[44,119675,100],{"class":58},[44,119677,119678],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,119679,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119681,119682,119684,119686,119688],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,119683,232],{"class":50},[44,119685,114],{"class":58},[44,119687,34441],{"class":117},[44,119689,8292],{"class":58},[44,119691,119692,119694,119696,119698,119701,119703,119705,119707],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,119693,136],{"class":135},[44,119695,121],{"class":58},[44,119697,63],{"class":62},[44,119699,119700],{"class":66},"numbers after sort():",[44,119702,63],{"class":62},[44,119704,72],{"class":58},[44,119706,3912],{"class":117},[44,119708,100],{"class":58},[20,119710,119711],{},[367,119712,247],{},[35,119714,119716],{"className":37,"code":119715,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119717,119718,119741,119761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119719,119720,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737,119739],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119721,119722],{"class":50},"numbers after ",[44,119724,74131],{"class":135},[44,119726,29223],{"class":58},[44,119728,3273],{"class":58},[44,119730,929],{"class":206},[44,119732,72],{"class":58},[44,119734,488],{"class":206},[44,119736,72],{"class":58},[44,119738,1114],{"class":206},[44,119740,3286],{"class":58},[44,119742,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119744,270],{"class":50},[44,119746,1155],{"class":58},[44,119748,3273],{"class":58},[44,119750,1137],{"class":206},[44,119752,72],{"class":58},[44,119754,1114],{"class":206},[44,119756,72],{"class":58},[44,119758,939],{"class":206},[44,119760,3286],{"class":58},[44,119762,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779,119781],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119764,119722],{"class":50},[44,119766,34441],{"class":117},[44,119768,29223],{"class":58},[44,119770,3273],{"class":58},[44,119772,1137],{"class":206},[44,119774,72],{"class":58},[44,119776,1114],{"class":206},[44,119778,72],{"class":58},[44,119780,939],{"class":206},[44,119782,3286],{"class":58},[20,119784,10363],{},[169,119786,119787,119792],{},[172,119788,119789,119791],{},[15,119790,74041],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[172,119793,119794,119796],{},[15,119795,63943],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[30,119798,4609,119800],{"id":119799},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119801,74041],{},[20,119803,651,119804,654],{},[15,119805,74041],{},[169,119807,119808,119811,119813,119816],{},[172,119809,119810],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[172,119812,118580],{},[172,119814,119815],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[172,119817,119818],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[338,119820,119822],{"id":119821},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[35,119824,119826],{"className":37,"code":119825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119827,119828,119852,119856,119870,119874,119884],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119829,119830,119832,119834,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846,119848,119850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119831,199],{"class":50},[44,119833,55],{"class":54},[44,119835,59],{"class":58},[44,119837,1145],{"class":206},[44,119839,72],{"class":58},[44,119841,519],{"class":206},[44,119843,72],{"class":58},[44,119845,524],{"class":206},[44,119847,72],{"class":58},[44,119849,488],{"class":206},[44,119851,100],{"class":58},[44,119853,119854],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119855,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119857,119858,119860,119862,119864,119866,119868],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,119859,604],{"class":50},[44,119861,55],{"class":54},[44,119863,74175],{"class":135},[44,119865,121],{"class":58},[44,119867,232],{"class":117},[44,119869,100],{"class":58},[44,119871,119872],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,119873,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,119875,119876,119878,119880,119882],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,119877,136],{"class":135},[44,119879,121],{"class":58},[44,119881,632],{"class":117},[44,119883,100],{"class":58},[44,119885,119886,119888,119890,119892,119894,119896],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,119887,136],{"class":135},[44,119889,121],{"class":58},[44,119891,2868],{"class":2546},[44,119893,121],{"class":58},[44,119895,632],{"class":117},[44,119897,244],{"class":58},[20,119899,119900],{},[367,119901,247],{},[35,119903,119905],{"className":37,"code":119904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119906,119907,119927],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119908,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917,119919,119921,119923,119925],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119910,1271],{"class":58},[44,119912,1133],{"class":206},[44,119914,72],{"class":58},[44,119916,488],{"class":206},[44,119918,72],{"class":58},[44,119920,524],{"class":206},[44,119922,72],{"class":58},[44,119924,1114],{"class":206},[44,119926,3286],{"class":58},[44,119928,119929,119931,119933,119935,119937,119939],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,119930,2937],{"class":54},[44,119932,2940],{"class":1716},[44,119934,2943],{"class":62},[44,119936,7742],{"class":66},[44,119938,2948],{"class":62},[44,119940,2951],{"class":54},[20,119942,1933,119943,119945,119946,114],{},[15,119944,74041],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[367,119947,7742],{},[20,119949,119950,119951,119953],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[270,119952,52407],{"href":50615}," is a helpful next step.",[30,119955,4609,119957],{"id":119956},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119958,77483],{},[20,119960,651,119961,654],{},[15,119962,77483],{},[169,119964,119965,119968,119971,119974],{},[172,119966,119967],{},"you already have a list",[172,119969,119970],{},"you want to update that list directly",[172,119972,119973],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[172,119975,119976],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[338,119978,119980],{"id":119979},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[35,119982,119984],{"className":37,"code":119983,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119985,119986,120018,120022,120032,120036],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,119987,119988,119990,119992,119994,119996,119998,120000,120002,120004,120006,120008,120010,120012,120014,120016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,119989,4643],{"class":50},[44,119991,55],{"class":54},[44,119993,3273],{"class":58},[44,119995,63],{"class":62},[44,119997,4670],{"class":66},[44,119999,63],{"class":62},[44,120001,72],{"class":58},[44,120003,75],{"class":62},[44,120005,4652],{"class":66},[44,120007,63],{"class":62},[44,120009,72],{"class":58},[44,120011,75],{"class":62},[44,120013,4661],{"class":66},[44,120015,63],{"class":62},[44,120017,3286],{"class":58},[44,120019,120020],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120021,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120023,120024,120026,120028,120030],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120025,4687],{"class":50},[44,120027,114],{"class":58},[44,120029,34441],{"class":117},[44,120031,8292],{"class":58},[44,120033,120034],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120035,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120037,120038,120040,120042,120044],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120039,136],{"class":135},[44,120041,121],{"class":58},[44,120043,4687],{"class":117},[44,120045,100],{"class":58},[20,120047,120048],{},[367,120049,247],{},[35,120051,120053],{"className":37,"code":120052,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120054,120055],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120056,120057,120059,120061,120063,120065,120067,120069,120071,120073,120075,120077,120079,120081],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120058,1271],{"class":58},[44,120060,2948],{"class":62},[44,120062,4652],{"class":66},[44,120064,2948],{"class":62},[44,120066,72],{"class":58},[44,120068,2943],{"class":62},[44,120070,4661],{"class":66},[44,120072,2948],{"class":62},[44,120074,72],{"class":58},[44,120076,2943],{"class":62},[44,120078,4670],{"class":66},[44,120080,2948],{"class":62},[44,120082,3286],{"class":58},[20,120084,120085],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120087,120088,120089,114],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[270,120090,79489],{"href":77992},[30,120092,120094,898,120096,120098],{"id":120093},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120095,73194],{},[15,120097,14490],{}," work with both",[20,120100,10241,120101,898,120103,120105],{},[15,120102,74041],{},[15,120104,77483],{}," support:",[169,120107,120108,120113],{},[172,120109,120110,120112],{},[15,120111,77707],{}," for descending order",[172,120114,120115,120118],{},[15,120116,120117],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120120,120121],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[338,120123,120125],{"id":120124},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[35,120127,120129],{"className":37,"code":120128,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120130,120131,120151,120155,120177,120181,120199],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120132,120133,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120134,199],{"class":50},[44,120136,55],{"class":54},[44,120138,3273],{"class":58},[44,120140,1141],{"class":206},[44,120142,72],{"class":58},[44,120144,519],{"class":206},[44,120146,72],{"class":58},[44,120148,488],{"class":206},[44,120150,3286],{"class":58},[44,120152,120153],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120154,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120156,120157,120159,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120158,136],{"class":135},[44,120160,121],{"class":58},[44,120162,74131],{"class":135},[44,120164,121],{"class":58},[44,120166,232],{"class":117},[44,120168,72],{"class":58},[44,120170,77686],{"class":8826},[44,120172,55],{"class":54},[44,120174,3254],{"class":3502},[44,120176,244],{"class":58},[44,120178,120179],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120180,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120182,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195,120197],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120184,232],{"class":50},[44,120186,114],{"class":58},[44,120188,34441],{"class":117},[44,120190,121],{"class":58},[44,120192,73194],{"class":8826},[44,120194,55],{"class":54},[44,120196,3254],{"class":3502},[44,120198,100],{"class":58},[44,120200,120201,120203,120205,120207],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,120202,136],{"class":135},[44,120204,121],{"class":58},[44,120206,232],{"class":117},[44,120208,100],{"class":58},[20,120210,120211],{},[367,120212,247],{},[35,120214,120216],{"className":37,"code":120215,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120217,120218,120234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120219,120220,120222,120224,120226,120228,120230,120232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120221,1271],{"class":58},[44,120223,1141],{"class":206},[44,120225,72],{"class":58},[44,120227,488],{"class":206},[44,120229,72],{"class":58},[44,120231,519],{"class":206},[44,120233,3286],{"class":58},[44,120235,120236,120238,120240,120242,120244,120246,120248],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120237,1271],{"class":58},[44,120239,1141],{"class":206},[44,120241,72],{"class":58},[44,120243,488],{"class":206},[44,120245,72],{"class":58},[44,120247,519],{"class":206},[44,120249,3286],{"class":58},[338,120251,120253],{"id":120252},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[35,120255,120257],{"className":37,"code":120256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120258,120259,120291,120295,120321,120325,120347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120260,120261,120263,120265,120267,120269,120271,120273,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120262,3720],{"class":50},[44,120264,55],{"class":54},[44,120266,3273],{"class":58},[44,120268,63],{"class":62},[44,120270,82979],{"class":66},[44,120272,63],{"class":62},[44,120274,72],{"class":58},[44,120276,75],{"class":62},[44,120278,1209],{"class":66},[44,120280,63],{"class":62},[44,120282,72],{"class":58},[44,120284,75],{"class":62},[44,120286,118445],{"class":66},[44,120288,63],{"class":62},[44,120290,3286],{"class":58},[44,120292,120293],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120294,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120296,120297,120299,120301,120303,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120298,136],{"class":135},[44,120300,121],{"class":58},[44,120302,74131],{"class":135},[44,120304,121],{"class":58},[44,120306,3762],{"class":117},[44,120308,72],{"class":58},[44,120310,21220],{"class":8826},[44,120312,55],{"class":54},[44,120314,3092],{"class":2546},[44,120316,114],{"class":58},[44,120318,8289],{"class":24390},[44,120320,244],{"class":58},[44,120322,120323],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120324,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333,120335,120337,120339,120341,120343,120345],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120328,3762],{"class":50},[44,120330,114],{"class":58},[44,120332,34441],{"class":117},[44,120334,121],{"class":58},[44,120336,14490],{"class":8826},[44,120338,55],{"class":54},[44,120340,3092],{"class":2546},[44,120342,114],{"class":58},[44,120344,8289],{"class":24390},[44,120346,100],{"class":58},[44,120348,120349,120351,120353,120355],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,120350,136],{"class":135},[44,120352,121],{"class":58},[44,120354,3762],{"class":117},[44,120356,100],{"class":58},[20,120358,120359],{},[367,120360,247],{},[35,120362,120364],{"className":37,"code":120363,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120365,120366,120394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120367,120368,120370,120372,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120369,1271],{"class":58},[44,120371,2948],{"class":62},[44,120373,1209],{"class":66},[44,120375,2948],{"class":62},[44,120377,72],{"class":58},[44,120379,2943],{"class":62},[44,120381,82979],{"class":66},[44,120383,2948],{"class":62},[44,120385,72],{"class":58},[44,120387,2943],{"class":62},[44,120389,118445],{"class":66},[44,120391,2948],{"class":62},[44,120393,3286],{"class":58},[44,120395,120396,120398,120400,120402,120404,120406,120408,120410,120412,120414,120416,120418,120420],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120397,1271],{"class":58},[44,120399,2948],{"class":62},[44,120401,1209],{"class":66},[44,120403,2948],{"class":62},[44,120405,72],{"class":58},[44,120407,2943],{"class":62},[44,120409,82979],{"class":66},[44,120411,2948],{"class":62},[44,120413,72],{"class":58},[44,120415,2943],{"class":62},[44,120417,118445],{"class":66},[44,120419,2948],{"class":62},[44,120421,3286],{"class":58},[20,120423,895,120424,120426],{},[15,120425,78201],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120428,120429,120430,114],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[270,120431,120433],{"href":120432},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[30,120435,120437],{"id":120436},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120439,120440],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[338,120442,120444,120445,12248],{"id":120443},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120446,77483],{},[20,120448,120449],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[35,120451,120453],{"className":37,"code":120452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120454,120455,120475,120479,120493,120497,120507],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120456,120457,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469,120471,120473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120458,199],{"class":50},[44,120460,55],{"class":54},[44,120462,3273],{"class":58},[44,120464,1141],{"class":206},[44,120466,72],{"class":58},[44,120468,519],{"class":206},[44,120470,72],{"class":58},[44,120472,488],{"class":206},[44,120474,3286],{"class":58},[44,120476,120477],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120478,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120480,120481,120483,120485,120487,120489,120491],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120482,604],{"class":50},[44,120484,55],{"class":54},[44,120486,3912],{"class":50},[44,120488,114],{"class":58},[44,120490,34441],{"class":117},[44,120492,8292],{"class":58},[44,120494,120495],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120496,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120498,120499,120501,120503,120505],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120500,136],{"class":135},[44,120502,121],{"class":58},[44,120504,632],{"class":117},[44,120506,100],{"class":58},[44,120508,120509,120511,120513,120515],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,120510,136],{"class":135},[44,120512,121],{"class":58},[44,120514,232],{"class":117},[44,120516,100],{"class":58},[20,120518,120519],{},[367,120520,247],{},[35,120522,120523],{"className":37,"code":78824,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120524,120525,120529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120526,120527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120528,11458],{"class":3502},[44,120530,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539,120541,120543],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120532,1271],{"class":58},[44,120534,1133],{"class":206},[44,120536,72],{"class":58},[44,120538,488],{"class":206},[44,120540,72],{"class":58},[44,120542,524],{"class":206},[44,120544,3286],{"class":58},[20,120546,11550],{},[169,120548,120549,120554,120559],{},[172,120550,120551,120553],{},[15,120552,119556],{}," sorts the list in place",[172,120555,34657,120556,120558],{},[367,120557,881],{}," return the sorted list",[172,120560,89602,120561,41791,120563],{},[15,120562,632],{},[15,120564,3428],{},[338,120566,120568,120569,120571],{"id":120567},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120570,74041],{}," to change the original list",[35,120573,120575],{"className":37,"code":120574,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120576,120577,120597,120601,120611,120615],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120578,120579,120581,120583,120585,120587,120589,120591,120593,120595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120580,199],{"class":50},[44,120582,55],{"class":54},[44,120584,3273],{"class":58},[44,120586,1141],{"class":206},[44,120588,72],{"class":58},[44,120590,519],{"class":206},[44,120592,72],{"class":58},[44,120594,488],{"class":206},[44,120596,3286],{"class":58},[44,120598,120599],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120600,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120602,120603,120605,120607,120609],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120604,74131],{"class":135},[44,120606,121],{"class":58},[44,120608,232],{"class":117},[44,120610,100],{"class":58},[44,120612,120613],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120614,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120616,120617,120619,120621,120623],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120618,136],{"class":135},[44,120620,121],{"class":58},[44,120622,232],{"class":117},[44,120624,100],{"class":58},[20,120626,120627],{},[367,120628,247],{},[35,120630,120631],{"className":37,"code":118777,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120632,120633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120634,120635,120637,120639,120641,120643,120645,120647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120636,1271],{"class":58},[44,120638,1141],{"class":206},[44,120640,72],{"class":58},[44,120642,519],{"class":206},[44,120644,72],{"class":58},[44,120646,488],{"class":206},[44,120648,3286],{"class":58},[20,120650,120651,120654],{},[15,120652,120653],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120656,10457],{},[35,120658,120660],{"className":37,"code":120659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120661,120662,120682,120686,120700,120704],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120663,120664,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676,120678,120680],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120665,199],{"class":50},[44,120667,55],{"class":54},[44,120669,3273],{"class":58},[44,120671,1141],{"class":206},[44,120673,72],{"class":58},[44,120675,519],{"class":206},[44,120677,72],{"class":58},[44,120679,488],{"class":206},[44,120681,3286],{"class":58},[44,120683,120684],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120685,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120687,120688,120690,120692,120694,120696,120698],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120689,55278],{"class":50},[44,120691,55],{"class":54},[44,120693,74175],{"class":135},[44,120695,121],{"class":58},[44,120697,232],{"class":117},[44,120699,100],{"class":58},[44,120701,120702],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120703,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120705,120706,120708,120710,120712],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120707,136],{"class":135},[44,120709,121],{"class":58},[44,120711,55297],{"class":117},[44,120713,100],{"class":58},[338,120715,120717,120718,120720],{"id":120716},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120719,63943],{}," on a tuple or string",[35,120722,120723],{"className":37,"code":78926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,120724,120725,120737],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120726,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120728,34329],{"class":50},[44,120730,55],{"class":54},[44,120732,75],{"class":62},[44,120734,39],{"class":66},[44,120736,3007],{"class":62},[44,120738,120739,120741,120743,120745],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120740,34350],{"class":50},[44,120742,114],{"class":58},[44,120744,34441],{"class":117},[44,120746,8292],{"class":58},[20,120748,120749,120750,33241],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120751,63943],{},[20,120753,120754,120756],{},[15,120755,63943],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120758,120759,120760,120762,120763,114],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120761,74041],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[270,120764,4785],{"href":5234},[338,120766,120768,120769,118814],{"id":120767},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120770,74041],{},[35,120772,120774],{"className":37,"code":120773,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120775,120776,120789,120803,120807,120817],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120777,120778,120780,120782,120784,120787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120779,34329],{"class":50},[44,120781,55],{"class":54},[44,120783,75],{"class":62},[44,120785,120786],{"class":66},"cab",[44,120788,3007],{"class":62},[44,120790,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120792,604],{"class":50},[44,120794,55],{"class":54},[44,120796,74175],{"class":135},[44,120798,121],{"class":58},[44,120800,34350],{"class":117},[44,120802,100],{"class":58},[44,120804,120805],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120806,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,120808,120809,120811,120813,120815],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120810,136],{"class":135},[44,120812,121],{"class":58},[44,120814,632],{"class":117},[44,120816,100],{"class":58},[44,120818,120819,120821,120823,120825,120827,120829],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120820,136],{"class":135},[44,120822,121],{"class":58},[44,120824,2868],{"class":2546},[44,120826,121],{"class":58},[44,120828,632],{"class":117},[44,120830,244],{"class":58},[20,120832,120833],{},[367,120834,247],{},[35,120836,120838],{"className":37,"code":120837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120839,120840,120868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120841,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120843,1271],{"class":58},[44,120845,2948],{"class":62},[44,120847,270],{"class":66},[44,120849,2948],{"class":62},[44,120851,72],{"class":58},[44,120853,2943],{"class":62},[44,120855,399],{"class":66},[44,120857,2948],{"class":62},[44,120859,72],{"class":58},[44,120861,2943],{"class":62},[44,120863,408],{"class":66},[44,120865,2948],{"class":62},[44,120867,3286],{"class":58},[44,120869,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878,120880],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120871,2937],{"class":54},[44,120873,2940],{"class":1716},[44,120875,2943],{"class":62},[44,120877,7742],{"class":66},[44,120879,2948],{"class":62},[44,120881,2951],{"class":54},[20,120883,120884],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[30,120886,113335],{"id":113334},[20,120888,120889],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[169,120891,120892,120895,120900,120905,120911],{},[172,120893,120894],{},"confusing a function with a method",[172,120896,120897,120898,53280],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120899,63943],{},[172,120901,120902,120903,12248],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120904,77483],{},[172,120906,120907,120908,120910],{},"trying to use ",[15,120909,63943],{}," on non-list data types",[172,120912,50144,120913,120915],{},[15,120914,74041],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120917,120918],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[35,120920,120922],{"className":37,"code":120921,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120923,120924,120934,120948,120973,120988,120998],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,120925,120926,120928,120930,120932],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,120927,136],{"class":135},[44,120929,121],{"class":58},[44,120931,7988],{"class":117},[44,120933,100],{"class":58},[44,120935,120936,120938,120940,120942,120944,120946],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,120937,136],{"class":135},[44,120939,121],{"class":58},[44,120941,74131],{"class":135},[44,120943,121],{"class":58},[44,120945,7988],{"class":117},[44,120947,244],{"class":58},[44,120949,120950,120952,120954,120956,120958,120960,120962,120965,120967,120969,120971],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,120951,604],{"class":50},[44,120953,55],{"class":54},[44,120955,8045],{"class":50},[44,120957,114],{"class":58},[44,120959,34441],{"class":117},[44,120961,7015],{"class":58},[44,120963,120964],{"class":50},"; ",[44,120966,136],{"class":135},[44,120968,121],{"class":58},[44,120970,632],{"class":117},[44,120972,100],{"class":58},[44,120974,120975,120977,120979,120981,120983,120986],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,120976,136],{"class":135},[44,120978,121],{"class":58},[44,120980,2868],{"class":2546},[44,120982,121],{"class":58},[44,120984,120985],{"class":117},"my_data",[44,120987,244],{"class":58},[44,120989,120990,120992,120994,120996],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,120991,31793],{"class":135},[44,120993,121],{"class":58},[44,120995,74131],{"class":135},[44,120997,100],{"class":58},[44,120999,121000,121002,121004,121006,121008,121010],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,121001,31793],{"class":135},[44,121003,121],{"class":58},[44,121005,7742],{"class":2546},[44,121007,114],{"class":58},[44,121009,34441],{"class":24390},[44,121011,100],{"class":58},[20,121013,83989],{},[169,121015,121016,121019,121023,121031],{},[172,121017,121018],{},"whether your original list changed",[172,121020,25659,121021,11355],{},[15,121022,74041],{},[172,121024,121025,121026,121028,121029],{},"whether ",[15,121027,63943],{}," returned ",[15,121030,3428],{},[172,121032,121033],{},"what type of object you are working with",[30,121035,121037],{"id":121036},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121039,121040],{},"Use this rule:",[169,121042,121043,121051],{},[172,121044,121045,121046,121048,121049],{},"Need a ",[367,121047,119139],{},": use ",[15,121050,74041],{},[172,121052,121053,121054,121048,121057],{},"Need to ",[367,121055,121056],{},"change one list directly",[15,121058,77483],{},[20,121060,121061,121062,121064],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121063,74041],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[30,121066,1497],{"id":1496},[338,121068,121070,121071,2522,121073,1547],{"id":121069},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121072,74041],{},[15,121074,77483],{},[20,121076,121077,121079],{},[15,121078,74041],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[338,121081,4806,121083,4809,121085,1547],{"id":121082},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121084,77483],{},[15,121086,3428],{},[20,121088,121089],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[338,121091,4818,121093,121095],{"id":121092},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121094,74041],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121097,121098],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[338,121100,27967,121102,121104],{"id":121101},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121103,63943],{}," on a string?",[20,121106,46003,121107,121109,121110,39566],{},[15,121108,63943],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121111,121112],{},"sorted(string)",[338,121114,11469,121116,898,121118,121120],{"id":121115},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121117,74041],{},[15,121119,63943],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121122,121123,121124,114],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121125,77707],{},[30,121127,1554],{"id":1553},[169,121129,121130,121136,121142,121146,121150],{},[172,121131,121132],{},[270,121133,3225,121134,3158],{"href":74138},[15,121135,74041],{},[172,121137,121138],{},[270,121139,3225,121140,1180],{"href":74392},[15,121141,77483],{},[172,121143,121144],{},[270,121145,79489],{"href":77992},[172,121147,121148],{},[270,121149,120433],{"href":120432},[172,121151,121152],{},[270,121153,52407],{"href":50615},[1583,121155,121156],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":121158},[121159,121160,121161,121165,121169,121172,121176,121180,121185,121195,121196,121197,121209],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":119227,"depth":103,"text":119228},{"id":117330,"depth":103,"text":119052,"children":121162},[121163],{"id":119294,"depth":132,"text":121164},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77549,"depth":103,"text":79511,"children":121166},[121167],{"id":119471,"depth":132,"text":121168},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119567,"depth":103,"text":119568,"children":121170},[121171],{"id":119593,"depth":132,"text":119594},{"id":119799,"depth":103,"text":121173,"children":121174},"When to use sorted()",[121175],{"id":119821,"depth":132,"text":119822},{"id":119956,"depth":103,"text":121177,"children":121178},"When to use list.sort()",[121179],{"id":119979,"depth":132,"text":119980},{"id":120093,"depth":103,"text":121181,"children":121182},"reverse and key work with both",[121183,121184],{"id":120124,"depth":132,"text":120125},{"id":120252,"depth":132,"text":120253},{"id":120436,"depth":103,"text":120437,"children":121186},[121187,121189,121191,121193],{"id":120443,"depth":132,"text":121188},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120567,"depth":132,"text":121190},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120716,"depth":132,"text":121192},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120767,"depth":132,"text":121194},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113334,"depth":103,"text":113335},{"id":121036,"depth":103,"text":121037},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":121198},[121199,121201,121203,121205,121207],{"id":121069,"depth":132,"text":121200},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121082,"depth":132,"text":121202},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121092,"depth":132,"text":121204},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121101,"depth":132,"text":121206},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121115,"depth":132,"text":121208},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119098,"description":121210},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121216,"title":41812,"body":121217,"description":122949,"extension":1616,"meta":122950,"navigation":434,"path":122951,"seo":122952,"stem":122953,"__hash__":122954},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121218,"toc":122906},[121219,121224,121229,121235,121237,121292,121296,121319,121324,121329,121334,121336,121367,121370,121384,121386,121388,121403,121408,121412,121415,121466,121470,121484,121491,121495,121499,121554,121558,121581,121585,121641,121645,121668,121672,121727,121731,121754,121758,121825,121829,121864,121870,121875,121880,121882,121896,121898,121972,121976,121996,122001,122008,122011,122023,122025,122094,122098,122135,122138,122163,122170,122179,122182,122194,122200,122206,122208,122214,122219,122298,122302,122343,122347,122349,122376,122379,122402,122405,122411,122414,122451,122463,122470,122472,122523,122526,122558,122561,122563,122570,122572,122587,122589,122646,122650,122674,122676,122681,122697,122704,122708,122711,122794,122804,122806,122811,122814,122820,122823,122829,122832,122838,122841,122848,122856,122858,122903],[10,121220,3225,121222,3229],{"id":121221},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121223,47321],{},[20,121225,31958,121226,121228],{},[15,121227,47321],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121230,121231,121232,121234],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121233,47321],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[30,121236,33],{"id":32},[35,121238,121240],{"className":37,"code":121239,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121241,121242,121250,121264,121268,121278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121243,121244,121246,121248],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121245,21268],{"class":50},[44,121247,55],{"class":54},[44,121249,44863],{"class":206},[44,121251,121252,121254,121256,121258,121260,121262],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121253,34329],{"class":50},[44,121255,55],{"class":54},[44,121257,48542],{"class":2546},[44,121259,121],{"class":58},[44,121261,8949],{"class":117},[44,121263,100],{"class":58},[44,121265,121266],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121267,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,121269,121270,121272,121274,121276],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,121271,136],{"class":135},[44,121273,121],{"class":58},[44,121275,34350],{"class":117},[44,121277,100],{"class":58},[44,121279,121280,121282,121284,121286,121288,121290],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,121281,136],{"class":135},[44,121283,121],{"class":58},[44,121285,2868],{"class":2546},[44,121287,121],{"class":58},[44,121289,34350],{"class":117},[44,121291,244],{"class":58},[20,121293,121294],{},[367,121295,247],{},[35,121297,121299],{"className":37,"code":121298,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121300,121301,121305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121302,121303],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121304,2353],{"class":206},[44,121306,121307,121309,121311,121313,121315,121317],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121308,2937],{"class":54},[44,121310,2940],{"class":1716},[44,121312,2943],{"class":62},[44,121314,3092],{"class":66},[44,121316,2948],{"class":62},[44,121318,2951],{"class":54},[20,121320,651,121321,121323],{},[15,121322,47321],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[30,121325,158,121327,161],{"id":121326},"what-str-does",[15,121328,47321],{},[20,121330,121331,121333],{},[15,121332,47321],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121335,1758],{},[169,121337,121338,121345,121352,121359],{},[172,121339,121340,121341,41791,121343],{},"An integer like ",[15,121342,207],{},[15,121344,41762],{},[172,121346,121347,121348,41791,121350],{},"A float like ",[15,121349,39780],{},[15,121351,47732],{},[172,121353,121354,121355,41791,121357],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121356,3254],{},[15,121358,6290],{},[172,121360,121361,121362,41791,121364],{},"A list like ",[15,121363,74863],{},[15,121365,121366],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121368,121369],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[169,121371,121372,121375,121378,121381],{},[172,121373,121374],{},"print it",[172,121376,121377],{},"combine it with other strings",[172,121379,121380],{},"save it to a file",[172,121382,121383],{},"use it in messages",[30,121385,277],{"id":276},[20,121387,6867],{},[35,121389,121391],{"className":37,"code":121390,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"str(object)\n",[15,121392,121393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121394,121395,121397,121399,121401],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121396,3092],{"class":2546},[44,121398,121],{"class":58},[44,121400,42035],{"class":2546},[44,121402,100],{"class":58},[20,121404,20413,121405,121407],{},[15,121406,42035],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121409,121410,7874],{},[15,121411,47321],{},[20,121413,121414],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[35,121416,121418],{"className":37,"code":121417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121419,121420,121429,121452,121456],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121421,121422,121424,121426],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121423,4744],{"class":50},[44,121425,55],{"class":54},[44,121427,121428],{"class":206}," 100\n",[44,121430,121431,121433,121435,121437,121440,121442,121444,121446,121448,121450],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121432,89622],{"class":50},[44,121434,55],{"class":54},[44,121436,75],{"class":62},[44,121438,121439],{"class":66},"Your score is ",[44,121441,63],{"class":62},[44,121443,2100],{"class":54},[44,121445,48542],{"class":2546},[44,121447,121],{"class":58},[44,121449,85135],{"class":117},[44,121451,100],{"class":58},[44,121453,121454],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121455,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,121457,121458,121460,121462,121464],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,121459,136],{"class":135},[44,121461,121],{"class":58},[44,121463,89639],{"class":117},[44,121465,100],{"class":58},[20,121467,121468],{},[367,121469,247],{},[35,121471,121473],{"className":37,"code":121472,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121474,121475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121476,121477,121480,121482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121478,121479],{"class":50},"Your score ",[44,121481,11844],{"class":54},[44,121483,121428],{"class":206},[20,121485,1943,121486,121490],{},[270,121487,121488,1950],{"href":1946},[15,121489,1949],{}," can help you check.",[30,121492,121494],{"id":121493},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[338,121496,121498],{"id":121497},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[35,121500,121502],{"className":37,"code":121501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121503,121504,121512,121526,121530,121540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121505,121506,121508,121510],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121507,1865],{"class":50},[44,121509,55],{"class":54},[44,121511,2231],{"class":206},[44,121513,121514,121516,121518,121520,121522,121524],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121515,34329],{"class":50},[44,121517,55],{"class":54},[44,121519,48542],{"class":2546},[44,121521,121],{"class":58},[44,121523,1887],{"class":117},[44,121525,100],{"class":58},[44,121527,121528],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121529,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,121531,121532,121534,121536,121538],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,121533,136],{"class":135},[44,121535,121],{"class":58},[44,121537,34350],{"class":117},[44,121539,100],{"class":58},[44,121541,121542,121544,121546,121548,121550,121552],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,121543,136],{"class":135},[44,121545,121],{"class":58},[44,121547,2868],{"class":2546},[44,121549,121],{"class":58},[44,121551,34350],{"class":117},[44,121553,244],{"class":58},[20,121555,121556],{},[367,121557,247],{},[35,121559,121561],{"className":37,"code":121560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121562,121563,121567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121564,121565],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121566,2023],{"class":206},[44,121568,121569,121571,121573,121575,121577,121579],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121570,2937],{"class":54},[44,121572,2940],{"class":1716},[44,121574,2943],{"class":62},[44,121576,3092],{"class":66},[44,121578,2948],{"class":62},[44,121580,2951],{"class":54},[338,121582,121584],{"id":121583},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[35,121586,121588],{"className":37,"code":121587,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121589,121590,121599,121613,121617,121627],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121591,121592,121594,121596],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121593,40024],{"class":50},[44,121595,55],{"class":54},[44,121597,121598],{"class":206}," 3.14\n",[44,121600,121601,121603,121605,121607,121609,121611],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121602,34329],{"class":50},[44,121604,55],{"class":54},[44,121606,48542],{"class":2546},[44,121608,121],{"class":58},[44,121610,24790],{"class":117},[44,121612,100],{"class":58},[44,121614,121615],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121616,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,121618,121619,121621,121623,121625],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,121620,136],{"class":135},[44,121622,121],{"class":58},[44,121624,34350],{"class":117},[44,121626,100],{"class":58},[44,121628,121629,121631,121633,121635,121637,121639],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,121630,136],{"class":135},[44,121632,121],{"class":58},[44,121634,2868],{"class":2546},[44,121636,121],{"class":58},[44,121638,34350],{"class":117},[44,121640,244],{"class":58},[20,121642,121643],{},[367,121644,247],{},[35,121646,121648],{"className":37,"code":121647,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121649,121650,121654],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121651,121652],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121653,39814],{"class":206},[44,121655,121656,121658,121660,121662,121664,121666],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121657,2937],{"class":54},[44,121659,2940],{"class":1716},[44,121661,2943],{"class":62},[44,121663,3092],{"class":66},[44,121665,2948],{"class":62},[44,121667,2951],{"class":54},[338,121669,121671],{"id":121670},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[35,121673,121675],{"className":37,"code":121674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121676,121677,121685,121699,121703,121713],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121678,121679,121681,121683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121680,1380],{"class":50},[44,121682,55],{"class":54},[44,121684,6071],{"class":3502},[44,121686,121687,121689,121691,121693,121695,121697],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121688,34329],{"class":50},[44,121690,55],{"class":54},[44,121692,48542],{"class":2546},[44,121694,121],{"class":58},[44,121696,302],{"class":117},[44,121698,100],{"class":58},[44,121700,121701],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121702,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,121704,121705,121707,121709,121711],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,121706,136],{"class":135},[44,121708,121],{"class":58},[44,121710,34350],{"class":117},[44,121712,100],{"class":58},[44,121714,121715,121717,121719,121721,121723,121725],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,121716,136],{"class":135},[44,121718,121],{"class":58},[44,121720,2868],{"class":2546},[44,121722,121],{"class":58},[44,121724,34350],{"class":117},[44,121726,244],{"class":58},[20,121728,121729],{},[367,121730,247],{},[35,121732,121734],{"className":37,"code":121733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121735,121736,121740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121737,121738],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121739,3629],{"class":3502},[44,121741,121742,121744,121746,121748,121750,121752],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121743,2937],{"class":54},[44,121745,2940],{"class":1716},[44,121747,2943],{"class":62},[44,121749,3092],{"class":66},[44,121751,2948],{"class":62},[44,121753,2951],{"class":54},[338,121755,121757],{"id":121756},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[35,121759,121761],{"className":37,"code":121760,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121762,121763,121783,121797,121801,121811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121764,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773,121775,121777,121779,121781],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121766,7429],{"class":50},[44,121768,55],{"class":54},[44,121770,3273],{"class":58},[44,121772,1133],{"class":206},[44,121774,72],{"class":58},[44,121776,488],{"class":206},[44,121778,72],{"class":58},[44,121780,524],{"class":206},[44,121782,3286],{"class":58},[44,121784,121785,121787,121789,121791,121793,121795],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121786,34329],{"class":50},[44,121788,55],{"class":54},[44,121790,48542],{"class":2546},[44,121792,121],{"class":58},[44,121794,7458],{"class":117},[44,121796,100],{"class":58},[44,121798,121799],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121800,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,121802,121803,121805,121807,121809],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,121804,136],{"class":135},[44,121806,121],{"class":58},[44,121808,34350],{"class":117},[44,121810,100],{"class":58},[44,121812,121813,121815,121817,121819,121821,121823],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,121814,136],{"class":135},[44,121816,121],{"class":58},[44,121818,2868],{"class":2546},[44,121820,121],{"class":58},[44,121822,34350],{"class":117},[44,121824,244],{"class":58},[20,121826,121827],{},[367,121828,247],{},[35,121830,121832],{"className":37,"code":121831,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121833,121834,121850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121835,121836,121838,121840,121842,121844,121846,121848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121837,1271],{"class":58},[44,121839,1133],{"class":206},[44,121841,72],{"class":58},[44,121843,488],{"class":206},[44,121845,72],{"class":58},[44,121847,524],{"class":206},[44,121849,3286],{"class":58},[44,121851,121852,121854,121856,121858,121860,121862],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121853,2937],{"class":54},[44,121855,2940],{"class":1716},[44,121857,2943],{"class":62},[44,121859,3092],{"class":66},[44,121861,2948],{"class":62},[44,121863,2951],{"class":54},[20,121865,121866,121867,121869],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[367,121868,881],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[30,121871,4609,121873],{"id":121872},"when-to-use-str",[15,121874,47321],{},[20,121876,651,121877,121879],{},[15,121878,47321],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121881,36063],{},[169,121883,121884,121887,121890,121893],{},[172,121885,121886],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[172,121888,121889],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[172,121891,121892],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[172,121894,121895],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121897,189],{},[35,121899,121901],{"className":37,"code":121900,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121902,121903,121915,121923,121927,121962],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121904,121905,121907,121909,121911,121913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121906,7525],{"class":50},[44,121908,55],{"class":54},[44,121910,75],{"class":62},[44,121912,11158],{"class":66},[44,121914,3007],{"class":62},[44,121916,121917,121919,121921],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,121918,21268],{"class":50},[44,121920,55],{"class":54},[44,121922,44863],{"class":206},[44,121924,121925],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,121926,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,121928,121929,121931,121933,121935,121937,121939,121941,121943,121945,121947,121949,121951,121953,121955,121957,121960],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,121930,89622],{"class":50},[44,121932,55],{"class":54},[44,121934,35611],{"class":50},[44,121936,1711],{"class":54},[44,121938,75],{"class":62},[44,121940,365],{"class":66},[44,121942,63],{"class":62},[44,121944,2100],{"class":54},[44,121946,48542],{"class":2546},[44,121948,121],{"class":58},[44,121950,8949],{"class":117},[44,121952,144],{"class":58},[44,121954,2100],{"class":54},[44,121956,75],{"class":62},[44,121958,121959],{"class":66}," years old.",[44,121961,3007],{"class":62},[44,121963,121964,121966,121968,121970],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,121965,136],{"class":135},[44,121967,121],{"class":58},[44,121969,89639],{"class":117},[44,121971,100],{"class":58},[20,121973,121974],{},[367,121975,247],{},[35,121977,121979],{"className":37,"code":121978,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121980,121981],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,121982,121983,121986,121988,121990,121993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,121984,121985],{"class":50},"Maya ",[44,121987,11844],{"class":54},[44,121989,8956],{"class":206},[44,121991,121992],{"class":50}," years old",[44,121994,121995],{"class":58},".\n",[20,121997,121998,121999,114],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[270,122000,89308],{"href":89307},[30,122002,122004,10236,122006],{"id":122003},"str-vs-print",[15,122005,47321],{},[15,122007,46090],{},[20,122009,122010],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[169,122012,122013,122018],{},[172,122014,122015,122017],{},[15,122016,47321],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[172,122019,122020,122022],{},[15,122021,46090],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122024,189],{},[35,122026,122028],{"className":37,"code":122027,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122029,122030,122038,122042,122056,122066,122080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122031,122032,122034,122036],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122033,1380],{"class":50},[44,122035,55],{"class":54},[44,122037,2413],{"class":206},[44,122039,122040],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122041,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,122043,122044,122046,122048,122050,122052,122054],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122045,34329],{"class":50},[44,122047,55],{"class":54},[44,122049,48542],{"class":2546},[44,122051,121],{"class":58},[44,122053,302],{"class":117},[44,122055,100],{"class":58},[44,122057,122058,122060,122062,122064],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,122059,136],{"class":135},[44,122061,121],{"class":58},[44,122063,34350],{"class":117},[44,122065,100],{"class":58},[44,122067,122068,122070,122072,122074,122076,122078],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,122069,136],{"class":135},[44,122071,121],{"class":58},[44,122073,2868],{"class":2546},[44,122075,121],{"class":58},[44,122077,34350],{"class":117},[44,122079,244],{"class":58},[44,122081,122082,122084,122086,122088,122090,122092],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,122083,136],{"class":135},[44,122085,121],{"class":58},[44,122087,2868],{"class":2546},[44,122089,121],{"class":58},[44,122091,302],{"class":117},[44,122093,244],{"class":58},[20,122095,122096],{},[367,122097,247],{},[35,122099,122101],{"className":37,"code":122100,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122102,122103,122107,122121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122104,122105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122106,46250],{"class":206},[44,122108,122109,122111,122113,122115,122117,122119],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122110,2937],{"class":54},[44,122112,2940],{"class":1716},[44,122114,2943],{"class":62},[44,122116,3092],{"class":66},[44,122118,2948],{"class":62},[44,122120,2951],{"class":54},[44,122122,122123,122125,122127,122129,122131,122133],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122124,2937],{"class":54},[44,122126,2940],{"class":1716},[44,122128,2943],{"class":62},[44,122130,1837],{"class":66},[44,122132,2948],{"class":62},[44,122134,2951],{"class":54},[20,122136,122137],{},"Notice:",[169,122139,122140,122146,122151],{},[172,122141,122142,122145],{},[15,122143,122144],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[172,122147,122148,122150],{},[15,122149,46090],{}," only displayed values",[172,122152,122153,122155,122156,122158,122159,60932,122161],{},[15,122154,46090],{}," did not change ",[15,122157,302],{}," from ",[15,122160,1837],{},[15,122162,3092],{},[20,122164,122165,122166,114],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[270,122167,122168,1950],{"href":46087},[15,122169,46090],{},[30,122171,122173,10236,122175,122178],{"id":122172},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122174,47321],{},[15,122176,122177],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122180,122181],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[169,122183,122184,122189],{},[172,122185,122186,122188],{},[15,122187,47321],{}," is the more readable text version",[172,122190,122191,122193],{},[15,122192,122177],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122195,122196,122197,122199],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122198,47321],{}," much more often.",[20,122201,122202,122203,122205],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122204,47321],{}," is usually the right choice.",[30,122207,4168],{"id":4167},[338,122209,25414,122211,122213],{"id":122210},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122212,47321],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122215,122216,122218],{},[15,122217,47321],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[35,122220,122222],{"className":37,"code":122221,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122223,122224,122232,122246,122250,122260,122274,122284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122225,122226,122228,122230],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122227,21268],{"class":50},[44,122229,55],{"class":54},[44,122231,44863],{"class":206},[44,122233,122234,122236,122238,122240,122242,122244],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122235,34329],{"class":50},[44,122237,55],{"class":54},[44,122239,48542],{"class":2546},[44,122241,121],{"class":58},[44,122243,8949],{"class":117},[44,122245,100],{"class":58},[44,122247,122248],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122249,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,122251,122252,122254,122256,122258],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,122253,136],{"class":135},[44,122255,121],{"class":58},[44,122257,8949],{"class":117},[44,122259,100],{"class":58},[44,122261,122262,122264,122266,122268,122270,122272],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,122263,136],{"class":135},[44,122265,121],{"class":58},[44,122267,2868],{"class":2546},[44,122269,121],{"class":58},[44,122271,8949],{"class":117},[44,122273,244],{"class":58},[44,122275,122276,122278,122280,122282],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,122277,136],{"class":135},[44,122279,121],{"class":58},[44,122281,34350],{"class":117},[44,122283,100],{"class":58},[44,122285,122286,122288,122290,122292,122294,122296],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,122287,136],{"class":135},[44,122289,121],{"class":58},[44,122291,2868],{"class":2546},[44,122293,121],{"class":58},[44,122295,34350],{"class":117},[44,122297,244],{"class":58},[20,122299,122300],{},[367,122301,247],{},[35,122303,122305],{"className":37,"code":122304,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122306,122307,122311,122325,122329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122308,122309],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122310,2353],{"class":206},[44,122312,122313,122315,122317,122319,122321,122323],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122314,2937],{"class":54},[44,122316,2940],{"class":1716},[44,122318,2943],{"class":62},[44,122320,1837],{"class":66},[44,122322,2948],{"class":62},[44,122324,2951],{"class":54},[44,122326,122327],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122328,2353],{"class":206},[44,122330,122331,122333,122335,122337,122339,122341],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,122332,2937],{"class":54},[44,122334,2940],{"class":1716},[44,122336,2943],{"class":62},[44,122338,3092],{"class":66},[44,122340,2948],{"class":62},[44,122342,2951],{"class":54},[338,122344,122346],{"id":122345},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122348,6337],{},[35,122350,122352],{"className":37,"code":122351,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122353,122354,122362],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122355,122356,122358,122360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122357,21268],{"class":50},[44,122359,55],{"class":54},[44,122361,44863],{"class":206},[44,122363,122364,122366,122368,122370,122372,122374],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122365,34329],{"class":50},[44,122367,55],{"class":54},[44,122369,48542],{"class":2546},[44,122371,121],{"class":58},[44,122373,8949],{"class":117},[44,122375,100],{"class":58},[20,122377,122378],{},"But if you only do this:",[35,122380,122382],{"className":37,"code":122381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122383,122384,122392],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122385,122386,122388,122390],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122387,21268],{"class":50},[44,122389,55],{"class":54},[44,122391,44863],{"class":206},[44,122393,122394,122396,122398,122400],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122395,3092],{"class":2546},[44,122397,121],{"class":58},[44,122399,8949],{"class":117},[44,122401,100],{"class":58},[20,122403,122404],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[338,122406,895,122408,122410],{"id":122407},"using-str-too-early",[15,122409,47321],{}," too early",[20,122412,122413],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[35,122415,122417],{"className":37,"code":122416,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122418,122419,122427,122442,122446],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122420,122421,122423,122425],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122422,40024],{"class":50},[44,122424,55],{"class":54},[44,122426,2231],{"class":206},[44,122428,122429,122432,122434,122436,122438,122440],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122430,122431],{"class":50},"text_price ",[44,122433,55],{"class":54},[44,122435,48542],{"class":2546},[44,122437,121],{"class":58},[44,122439,24790],{"class":117},[44,122441,100],{"class":58},[44,122443,122444],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122445,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,122447,122448],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,122449,122450],{"class":147},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122452,122453,122454,2522,122458,122462],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[270,122455,122456],{"href":2518},[15,122457,2521],{},[270,122459,122460],{"href":2525},[15,122461,2528],{},", depending on the situation.",[338,122464,1312,122466,122469],{"id":122465},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122467,122468],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122471,64275],{},[35,122473,122475],{"className":37,"code":122474,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122476,122477,122509],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122478,122479,122481,122483,122485,122487,122489,122491,122493,122495,122497,122499,122501,122503,122505,122507],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122480,7429],{"class":50},[44,122482,55],{"class":54},[44,122484,3273],{"class":58},[44,122486,63],{"class":62},[44,122488,1209],{"class":66},[44,122490,63],{"class":62},[44,122492,72],{"class":58},[44,122494,75],{"class":62},[44,122496,1218],{"class":66},[44,122498,63],{"class":62},[44,122500,72],{"class":58},[44,122502,75],{"class":62},[44,122504,1227],{"class":66},[44,122506,63],{"class":62},[44,122508,3286],{"class":58},[44,122510,122511,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122512,136],{"class":135},[44,122514,121],{"class":58},[44,122516,3092],{"class":2546},[44,122518,121],{"class":58},[44,122520,7458],{"class":117},[44,122522,244],{"class":58},[20,122524,122525],{},"prints:",[35,122527,122528],{"className":37,"code":72453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,122529,122530],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122531,122532,122534,122536,122538,122540,122542,122544,122546,122548,122550,122552,122554,122556],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122533,1271],{"class":58},[44,122535,2948],{"class":62},[44,122537,1209],{"class":66},[44,122539,2948],{"class":62},[44,122541,72],{"class":58},[44,122543,2943],{"class":62},[44,122545,1218],{"class":66},[44,122547,2948],{"class":62},[44,122549,72],{"class":58},[44,122551,2943],{"class":62},[44,122553,1227],{"class":66},[44,122555,2948],{"class":62},[44,122557,3286],{"class":58},[20,122559,122560],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[30,122562,17063],{"id":17062},[20,122564,122565,21615,122567,114],{},[15,122566,47321],{},[367,122568,122569],{},"new string",[20,122571,11107],{},[169,122573,122574,122577,122580],{},[172,122575,122576],{},"It always returns a string",[172,122578,122579],{},"It does not modify the original object",[172,122581,280,122582,122586],{},[270,122583,122584],{"href":1946},[15,122585,1949],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122588,189],{},[35,122590,122592],{"className":37,"code":122591,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122593,122594,122602,122617,122621,122632],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122595,122596,122598,122600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122597,1380],{"class":50},[44,122599,55],{"class":54},[44,122601,13779],{"class":206},[44,122603,122604,122607,122609,122611,122613,122615],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122605,122606],{"class":50},"converted ",[44,122608,55],{"class":54},[44,122610,48542],{"class":2546},[44,122612,121],{"class":58},[44,122614,302],{"class":117},[44,122616,100],{"class":58},[44,122618,122619],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122620,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,122622,122623,122625,122627,122630],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,122624,136],{"class":135},[44,122626,121],{"class":58},[44,122628,122629],{"class":117},"converted",[44,122631,100],{"class":58},[44,122633,122634,122636,122638,122640,122642,122644],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,122635,136],{"class":135},[44,122637,121],{"class":58},[44,122639,2868],{"class":2546},[44,122641,121],{"class":58},[44,122643,122629],{"class":117},[44,122645,244],{"class":58},[20,122647,122648],{},[367,122649,247],{},[35,122651,122653],{"className":37,"code":122652,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122654,122655,122660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122656,122657],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122658,122659],{"class":206},"99\n",[44,122661,122662,122664,122666,122668,122670,122672],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122663,2937],{"class":54},[44,122665,2940],{"class":1716},[44,122667,2943],{"class":62},[44,122669,3092],{"class":66},[44,122671,2948],{"class":62},[44,122673,2951],{"class":54},[30,122675,113335],{"id":113334},[20,122677,122678,122679,74432],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122680,47321],{},[169,122682,122683,122686,122689,122694],{},[172,122684,122685],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[172,122687,122688],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[172,122690,895,122691,122693],{},[15,122692,47321],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[172,122695,122696],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122698,122699,122700,114],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[270,122701,25319,122702],{"href":90020},[15,122703,90021],{},[30,122705,122707],{"id":122706},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122709,122710],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[35,122712,122714],{"className":37,"code":122713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122715,122716,122724,122728,122738,122752,122756,122770,122780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,122717,122718,122720,122722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,122719,1380],{"class":50},[44,122721,55],{"class":54},[44,122723,44863],{"class":206},[44,122725,122726],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,122727,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,122729,122730,122732,122734,122736],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,122731,136],{"class":135},[44,122733,121],{"class":58},[44,122735,302],{"class":117},[44,122737,100],{"class":58},[44,122739,122740,122742,122744,122746,122748,122750],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,122741,136],{"class":135},[44,122743,121],{"class":58},[44,122745,2868],{"class":2546},[44,122747,121],{"class":58},[44,122749,302],{"class":117},[44,122751,244],{"class":58},[44,122753,122754],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,122755,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,122757,122758,122760,122762,122764,122766,122768],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,122759,122606],{"class":50},[44,122761,55],{"class":54},[44,122763,48542],{"class":2546},[44,122765,121],{"class":58},[44,122767,302],{"class":117},[44,122769,100],{"class":58},[44,122771,122772,122774,122776,122778],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,122773,136],{"class":135},[44,122775,121],{"class":58},[44,122777,122629],{"class":117},[44,122779,100],{"class":58},[44,122781,122782,122784,122786,122788,122790,122792],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,122783,136],{"class":135},[44,122785,121],{"class":58},[44,122787,2868],{"class":2546},[44,122789,121],{"class":58},[44,122791,122629],{"class":117},[44,122793,244],{"class":58},[20,122795,122796,122797,1134,122799,122801,122802,114],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122798,1837],{},[15,122800,1840],{},", or another type into ",[15,122803,3092],{},[30,122805,1497],{"id":1496},[338,122807,1501,122809,4793],{"id":122808},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122810,47321],{},[20,122812,122813],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[338,122815,12355,122817,122819],{"id":122816},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122818,47321],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122821,122822],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[338,122824,4818,122826,122828],{"id":122825},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122827,47321],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122830,122831],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[338,122833,94205,122835,122837],{"id":122834},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122836,47321],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122839,122840],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[338,122842,1540,122844,1543,122846,1547],{"id":122843},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122845,47321],{},[15,122847,46090],{},[20,122849,46003,122850,122852,122853,122855],{},[15,122851,47321],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122854,46090],{}," shows output.",[30,122857,1554],{"id":1553},[169,122859,122860,122866,122872,122878,122884,122893,122897],{},[172,122861,122862],{},[270,122863,122864,3158],{"href":46087},[15,122865,46090],{},[172,122867,122868],{},[270,122869,122870,3158],{"href":1946},[15,122871,1949],{},[172,122873,122874],{},[270,122875,122876,3158],{"href":2518},[15,122877,2521],{},[172,122879,122880],{},[270,122881,122882,3158],{"href":2525},[15,122883,2528],{},[172,122885,122886],{},[270,122887,122889,122890,122892],{"href":122888},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122891,1837],{}," to string in Python",[172,122894,122895],{},[270,122896,90298],{"href":89307},[172,122898,122899],{},[270,122900,29987,122901],{"href":90020},[15,122902,90021],{},[1583,122904,122905],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":122907},[122908,122909,122911,122912,122918,122920,122922,122924,122933,122934,122935,122936,122948],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":121326,"depth":103,"text":122910},"What str() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":121493,"depth":103,"text":121494,"children":122913},[122914,122915,122916,122917],{"id":121497,"depth":132,"text":121498},{"id":121583,"depth":132,"text":121584},{"id":121670,"depth":132,"text":121671},{"id":121756,"depth":132,"text":121757},{"id":121872,"depth":103,"text":122919},"When to use str()",{"id":122003,"depth":103,"text":122921},"str() vs print()",{"id":122172,"depth":103,"text":122923},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":122925},[122926,122928,122929,122931],{"id":122210,"depth":132,"text":122927},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122345,"depth":132,"text":122346},{"id":122407,"depth":132,"text":122930},"Using str() too early",{"id":122465,"depth":132,"text":122932},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":113334,"depth":103,"text":113335},{"id":122706,"depth":103,"text":122707},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":122937},[122938,122940,122942,122944,122946],{"id":122808,"depth":132,"text":122939},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122816,"depth":132,"text":122941},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122825,"depth":132,"text":122943},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122834,"depth":132,"text":122945},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122843,"depth":132,"text":122947},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41812,"description":122949},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122956,"title":122957,"body":122958,"description":124411,"extension":1616,"meta":124412,"navigation":434,"path":124413,"seo":124414,"stem":124415,"__hash__":124416},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122959,"toc":124373},[122960,122966,122972,122975,122997,122999,123061,123063,123076,123082,123087,123092,123094,123107,123118,123120,123147,123149,123166,123173,123184,123186,123191,123193,123205,123213,123222,123224,123227,123280,123282,123290,123298,123302,123307,123347,123349,123357,123360,123362,123402,123404,123412,123422,123428,123431,123504,123506,123519,123523,123528,123556,123559,123594,123596,123604,123607,123611,123615,123617,123633,123635,123675,123677,123685,123694,123737,123739,123747,123749,123753,123759,123762,123802,123804,123812,123817,123820,123863,123867,123870,123905,123910,123912,123951,123961,123969,123979,123987,123991,123996,123998,124039,124041,124049,124054,124057,124060,124078,124084,124088,124093,124096,124136,124138,124143,124242,124245,124261,124263,124282,124284,124291,124294,124300,124303,124309,124313,124319,124322,124328,124331,124333,124370],[10,122961,122963,122964,18],{"id":122962},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122965,1179],{},[20,122967,122968,122969,122971],{},"The Python string ",[15,122970,1179],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122973,122974],{},"This reference page explains:",[169,122976,122977,122981,122984,122986,122994],{},[172,122978,25659,122979,161],{},[15,122980,1179],{},[172,122982,122983],{},"its syntax",[172,122985,35037],{},[172,122987,122988,122989,898,122991,122993],{},"how ",[15,122990,353],{},[15,122992,359],{}," work",[172,122995,122996],{},"common beginner mistakes",[30,122998,33],{"id":32},[35,123000,123002],{"className":37,"code":123001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123003,123004,123016,123038],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123005,123006,123008,123010,123012,123014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123007,34329],{"class":50},[44,123009,55],{"class":54},[44,123011,75],{"class":62},[44,123013,1218],{"class":66},[44,123015,3007],{"class":62},[44,123017,123018,123020,123022,123024,123026,123028,123030,123032,123034,123036],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123019,136],{"class":135},[44,123021,121],{"class":58},[44,123023,34350],{"class":117},[44,123025,114],{"class":58},[44,123027,1401],{"class":117},[44,123029,121],{"class":58},[44,123031,63],{"class":62},[44,123033,270],{"class":66},[44,123035,63],{"class":62},[44,123037,244],{"class":58},[44,123039,123040,123042,123044,123046,123048,123050,123052,123054,123057,123059],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123041,136],{"class":135},[44,123043,121],{"class":58},[44,123045,34350],{"class":117},[44,123047,114],{"class":58},[44,123049,1401],{"class":117},[44,123051,121],{"class":58},[44,123053,63],{"class":62},[44,123055,123056],{"class":66},"na",[44,123058,63],{"class":62},[44,123060,244],{"class":58},[20,123062,247],{},[35,123064,123066],{"className":37,"code":123065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"3\n2\n",[15,123067,123068,123072],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123069,123070],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123071,46255],{"class":206},[44,123073,123074],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123075,1121],{"class":206},[20,123077,651,123078,123081],{},[15,123079,123080],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[30,123083,12647,123085,12650],{"id":123084},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123086,1179],{},[20,123088,123089,123091],{},[15,123090,1179],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123093,12703],{},[169,123095,123096,123099,123102,123104],{},[172,123097,123098],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[172,123100,123101],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[172,123103,43295],{},[172,123105,123106],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123108,123109,123110,123112,123113,1134,123115,123117],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123111,17739],{}," characters are in ",[15,123114,1289],{},[15,123116,1179],{}," is a simple choice.",[30,123119,277],{"id":276},[35,123121,123123],{"className":37,"code":123122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123124,123125],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123126,123127,123129,123131,123133,123135,123137,123139,123141,123143,123145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123128,60805],{"class":50},[44,123130,114],{"class":58},[44,123132,1401],{"class":117},[44,123134,121],{"class":58},[44,123136,302],{"class":117},[44,123138,72],{"class":58},[44,123140,329],{"class":117},[44,123142,72],{"class":58},[44,123144,334],{"class":117},[44,123146,100],{"class":58},[338,123148,341],{"id":340},[169,123150,123151,123156,123161],{},[172,123152,123153,123155],{},[15,123154,302],{},": the text to search for",[172,123157,123158,123160],{},[15,123159,353],{},": optional; where counting begins",[172,123162,123163,123165],{},[15,123164,359],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123167,123168,898,123170,123172],{},[15,123169,353],{},[15,123171,359],{}," work like slice positions:",[169,123174,123175,123180],{},[172,123176,123177,123179],{},[15,123178,353],{}," is included",[172,123181,123182,75358],{},[15,123183,359],{},[30,123185,17063],{"id":17062},[20,123187,123188,123190],{},[15,123189,1179],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123192,1776],{},[169,123194,123195,123200],{},[172,123196,123197,123198],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123199,1141],{},[172,123201,123202,123203],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123204,186],{},[20,123206,40542,123207,4809,123209,2522,123211,114],{},[367,123208,881],{},[15,123210,3254],{},[15,123212,3324],{},[20,123214,123215,123216,123221],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[270,123217,123219,101215],{"href":123218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123220,1383],{}," is often a better fit.",[30,123223,11124],{"id":11123},[20,123225,123226],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[35,123228,123230],{"className":37,"code":123229,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123231,123232,123244,123266,123270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123233,123234,123236,123238,123240,123242],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123235,34329],{"class":50},[44,123237,55],{"class":54},[44,123239,75],{"class":62},[44,123241,1209],{"class":66},[44,123243,3007],{"class":62},[44,123245,123246,123248,123250,123252,123254,123256,123258,123260,123262,123264],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123247,604],{"class":50},[44,123249,55],{"class":54},[44,123251,42478],{"class":50},[44,123253,114],{"class":58},[44,123255,1401],{"class":117},[44,123257,121],{"class":58},[44,123259,63],{"class":62},[44,123261,20],{"class":66},[44,123263,63],{"class":62},[44,123265,100],{"class":58},[44,123267,123268],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123269,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,123271,123272,123274,123276,123278],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,123273,136],{"class":135},[44,123275,121],{"class":58},[44,123277,632],{"class":117},[44,123279,100],{"class":58},[20,123281,247],{},[35,123283,123284],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123285,123286],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123287,123288],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123289,1121],{"class":206},[20,123291,63451,123292,123295,123296,114],{},[15,123293,123294],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123297,57468],{},[30,123299,123301],{"id":123300},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123303,123304,123306],{},[15,123305,1179],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[35,123308,123310],{"className":37,"code":123309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123311,123312,123325],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123313,123314,123316,123318,123320,123323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123315,34329],{"class":50},[44,123317,55],{"class":54},[44,123319,75],{"class":62},[44,123321,123322],{"class":66},"cat dog cat bird cat",[44,123324,3007],{"class":62},[44,123326,123327,123329,123331,123333,123335,123337,123339,123341,123343,123345],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123328,136],{"class":135},[44,123330,121],{"class":58},[44,123332,34350],{"class":117},[44,123334,114],{"class":58},[44,123336,1401],{"class":117},[44,123338,121],{"class":58},[44,123340,63],{"class":62},[44,123342,569],{"class":66},[44,123344,63],{"class":62},[44,123346,244],{"class":58},[20,123348,247],{},[35,123350,123351],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123352,123353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123354,123355],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123356,46255],{"class":206},[20,123358,123359],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123361,189],{},[35,123363,123365],{"className":37,"code":123364,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123366,123367,123380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123368,123369,123371,123373,123375,123378],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123370,34329],{"class":50},[44,123372,55],{"class":54},[44,123374,75],{"class":62},[44,123376,123377],{"class":66},"one One one",[44,123379,3007],{"class":62},[44,123381,123382,123384,123386,123388,123390,123392,123394,123396,123398,123400],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123383,136],{"class":135},[44,123385,121],{"class":58},[44,123387,34350],{"class":117},[44,123389,114],{"class":58},[44,123391,1401],{"class":117},[44,123393,121],{"class":58},[44,123395,63],{"class":62},[44,123397,6234],{"class":66},[44,123399,63],{"class":62},[44,123401,244],{"class":58},[20,123403,247],{},[35,123405,123406],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123407,123408],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123409,123410],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123411,1121],{"class":206},[20,123413,123414,123415,123418,123419,123421],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123416,123417],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123420,1179],{}," is case-sensitive.",[30,123423,895,123424,898,123426],{"id":894},[15,123425,353],{},[15,123427,359],{},[20,123429,123430],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[35,123432,123434],{"className":37,"code":123433,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123435,123436,123448,123474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123437,123438,123440,123442,123444,123446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123439,34329],{"class":50},[44,123441,55],{"class":54},[44,123443,75],{"class":62},[44,123445,1218],{"class":66},[44,123447,3007],{"class":62},[44,123449,123450,123452,123454,123456,123458,123460,123462,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123451,136],{"class":135},[44,123453,121],{"class":58},[44,123455,34350],{"class":117},[44,123457,114],{"class":58},[44,123459,1401],{"class":117},[44,123461,121],{"class":58},[44,123463,63],{"class":62},[44,123465,270],{"class":66},[44,123467,63],{"class":62},[44,123469,72],{"class":58},[44,123471,488],{"class":206},[44,123473,244],{"class":58},[44,123475,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494,123496,123498,123500,123502],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,123477,136],{"class":135},[44,123479,121],{"class":58},[44,123481,34350],{"class":117},[44,123483,114],{"class":58},[44,123485,1401],{"class":117},[44,123487,121],{"class":58},[44,123489,63],{"class":62},[44,123491,270],{"class":66},[44,123493,63],{"class":62},[44,123495,72],{"class":58},[44,123497,488],{"class":206},[44,123499,72],{"class":58},[44,123501,939],{"class":206},[44,123503,244],{"class":58},[20,123505,247],{},[35,123507,123509],{"className":37,"code":123508,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"2\n1\n",[15,123510,123511,123515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123512,123513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123514,1121],{"class":206},[44,123516,123517],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123518,250],{"class":206},[338,123520,123522],{"id":123521},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123524,123525,123526,1155],{},"In ",[15,123527,1289],{},[169,123529,123530,123538,123546],{},[172,123531,70582,123532,123534,123535],{},[15,123533,1137],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123536,123537],{},"\"n\"",[172,123539,123540,123543,123544,75656],{},[15,123541,123542],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123545,1137],{},[172,123547,123548,123543,123551,123553,123554],{},[15,123549,123550],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123552,1137],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123555,929],{},[20,123557,123558],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[35,123560,123562],{"className":37,"code":123561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123563,123564,123576],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123565,123566,123568,123570,123572,123574],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123567,34329],{"class":50},[44,123569,55],{"class":54},[44,123571,75],{"class":62},[44,123573,1218],{"class":66},[44,123575,3007],{"class":62},[44,123577,123578,123580,123582,123584,123586,123588,123590,123592],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123579,136],{"class":135},[44,123581,121],{"class":58},[44,123583,34350],{"class":117},[44,123585,1271],{"class":58},[44,123587,1137],{"class":206},[44,123589,1155],{"class":58},[44,123591,929],{"class":206},[44,123593,3538],{"class":58},[20,123595,247],{},[35,123597,123598],{"className":37,"code":41104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123599,123600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123601,123602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123603,41104],{"class":50},[20,123605,123606],{},"Only that section is searched.",[30,123608,123610],{"id":123609},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123612,123613,123421],{},[15,123614,1179],{},[20,123616,1758],{},[169,123618,123619,123627],{},[172,123620,123621,898,123623,123626],{},[15,123622,17739],{},[15,123624,123625],{},"\"A\""," are different",[172,123628,123629,898,123631,123626],{},[15,123630,64166],{},[15,123632,90033],{},[20,123634,189],{},[35,123636,123638],{"className":37,"code":123637,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123639,123640,123653],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123641,123642,123644,123646,123648,123651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123643,34329],{"class":50},[44,123645,55],{"class":54},[44,123647,75],{"class":62},[44,123649,123650],{"class":66},"Apple apple APPLE",[44,123652,3007],{"class":62},[44,123654,123655,123657,123659,123661,123663,123665,123667,123669,123671,123673],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123656,136],{"class":135},[44,123658,121],{"class":58},[44,123660,34350],{"class":117},[44,123662,114],{"class":58},[44,123664,1401],{"class":117},[44,123666,121],{"class":58},[44,123668,63],{"class":62},[44,123670,1209],{"class":66},[44,123672,63],{"class":62},[44,123674,244],{"class":58},[20,123676,247],{},[35,123678,123679],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123680,123681],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123682,123683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123684,250],{"class":206},[20,123686,123687,123688,1155],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[270,123689,123691],{"href":123690},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123692,123693],{},"lower()",[35,123695,123697],{"className":37,"code":123696,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123698,123699,123711],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123700,123701,123703,123705,123707,123709],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123702,34329],{"class":50},[44,123704,55],{"class":54},[44,123706,75],{"class":62},[44,123708,123650],{"class":66},[44,123710,3007],{"class":62},[44,123712,123713,123715,123717,123719,123721,123723,123725,123727,123729,123731,123733,123735],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123714,136],{"class":135},[44,123716,121],{"class":58},[44,123718,34350],{"class":117},[44,123720,114],{"class":58},[44,123722,8289],{"class":117},[44,123724,8286],{"class":58},[44,123726,1401],{"class":117},[44,123728,121],{"class":58},[44,123730,63],{"class":62},[44,123732,1209],{"class":66},[44,123734,63],{"class":62},[44,123736,244],{"class":58},[20,123738,247],{},[35,123740,123741],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123742,123743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123744,123745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123746,46255],{"class":206},[30,123748,1299],{"id":1298},[20,123750,22734,123751,114],{},[15,123752,1179],{},[338,123754,1312,123756,123758],{"id":123755},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123757,1179],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123760,123761],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[35,123763,123765],{"className":37,"code":123764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123766,123767,123780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123768,123769,123771,123773,123775,123778],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123770,34329],{"class":50},[44,123772,55],{"class":54},[44,123774,75],{"class":62},[44,123776,123777],{"class":66},"Aardvark",[44,123779,3007],{"class":62},[44,123781,123782,123784,123786,123788,123790,123792,123794,123796,123798,123800],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123783,136],{"class":135},[44,123785,121],{"class":58},[44,123787,34350],{"class":117},[44,123789,114],{"class":58},[44,123791,1401],{"class":117},[44,123793,121],{"class":58},[44,123795,63],{"class":62},[44,123797,270],{"class":66},[44,123799,63],{"class":62},[44,123801,244],{"class":58},[20,123803,247],{},[35,123805,123806],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,123807,123808],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123809,123810],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123811,1121],{"class":206},[20,123813,123414,123814,123816],{},[15,123815,123625],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123818,123819],{},"If needed, convert first:",[35,123821,123823],{"className":37,"code":123822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123824,123825,123837],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123826,123827,123829,123831,123833,123835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123828,34329],{"class":50},[44,123830,55],{"class":54},[44,123832,75],{"class":62},[44,123834,123777],{"class":66},[44,123836,3007],{"class":62},[44,123838,123839,123841,123843,123845,123847,123849,123851,123853,123855,123857,123859,123861],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123840,136],{"class":135},[44,123842,121],{"class":58},[44,123844,34350],{"class":117},[44,123846,114],{"class":58},[44,123848,8289],{"class":117},[44,123850,8286],{"class":58},[44,123852,1401],{"class":117},[44,123854,121],{"class":58},[44,123856,63],{"class":62},[44,123858,270],{"class":66},[44,123860,63],{"class":62},[44,123862,244],{"class":58},[338,123864,123866],{"id":123865},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123868,123869],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[35,123871,123873],{"className":37,"code":123872,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123874,123875,123887],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123876,123877,123879,123881,123883,123885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123878,34329],{"class":50},[44,123880,55],{"class":54},[44,123882,75],{"class":62},[44,123884,1218],{"class":66},[44,123886,3007],{"class":62},[44,123888,123889,123891,123893,123895,123897,123899,123901,123903],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123890,136],{"class":135},[44,123892,121],{"class":58},[44,123894,34350],{"class":117},[44,123896,114],{"class":58},[44,123898,1401],{"class":117},[44,123900,121],{"class":58},[44,123902,270],{"class":117},[44,123904,244],{"class":58},[20,123906,123907,123908,114],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123909,270],{},[20,123911,10457],{},[35,123913,123915],{"className":37,"code":123914,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123916,123917,123929],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,123918,123919,123921,123923,123925,123927],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,123920,34329],{"class":50},[44,123922,55],{"class":54},[44,123924,75],{"class":62},[44,123926,1218],{"class":66},[44,123928,3007],{"class":62},[44,123930,123931,123933,123935,123937,123939,123941,123943,123945,123947,123949],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,123932,136],{"class":135},[44,123934,121],{"class":58},[44,123936,34350],{"class":117},[44,123938,114],{"class":58},[44,123940,1401],{"class":117},[44,123942,121],{"class":58},[44,123944,63],{"class":62},[44,123946,270],{"class":66},[44,123948,63],{"class":62},[44,123950,244],{"class":58},[338,123952,1330,123954,8354,123956,2522,123959],{"id":123953},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123955,1179],{},[15,123957,123958],{},"find()",[15,123960,17],{},[20,123962,651,123963,123965,123966,114],{},[15,123964,1179],{}," when you need the ",[367,123967,123968],{},"number of matches",[20,123970,651,123971,123965,123976,123978],{},[270,123972,123974],{"href":123973},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123975,123958],{},[367,123977,141],{}," of the first match.",[20,123980,651,123981,123986],{},[270,123982,123984],{"href":123983},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123985,17],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[338,123988,123990],{"id":123989},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123992,123993,123995],{},[15,123994,1179],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123997,189],{},[35,123999,124001],{"className":37,"code":124000,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124002,124003,124016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124004,124005,124007,124009,124011,124014],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124006,34329],{"class":50},[44,124008,55],{"class":54},[44,124010,75],{"class":62},[44,124012,124013],{"class":66},"aaaa",[44,124015,3007],{"class":62},[44,124017,124018,124020,124022,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032,124035,124037],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124019,136],{"class":135},[44,124021,121],{"class":58},[44,124023,34350],{"class":117},[44,124025,114],{"class":58},[44,124027,1401],{"class":117},[44,124029,121],{"class":58},[44,124031,63],{"class":62},[44,124033,124034],{"class":66},"aa",[44,124036,63],{"class":62},[44,124038,244],{"class":58},[20,124040,247],{},[35,124042,124043],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124044,124045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124046,124047],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124048,1121],{"class":206},[20,124050,124051,124052,114],{},"It does not return ",[15,124053,1141],{},[20,124055,124056],{},"Why not?",[20,124058,124059],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[169,124061,124062,124071],{},[172,124063,124064,124067,124068],{},[15,124065,124066],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124069,124070],{},"0-1",[172,124072,124073,124067,124075],{},[15,124074,124066],{},[15,124076,124077],{},"2-3",[20,124079,124080,124081,114],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124082,124083],{},"1-2",[30,124085,4609,124086],{"id":58006},[15,124087,1179],{},[20,124089,651,124090,124092],{},[15,124091,1179],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124094,124095],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[169,124097,124098,124107,124117,124127],{},[172,124099,651,124100,124102,124103,124106],{},[15,124101,1179],{}," when you need ",[367,124104,124105],{},"how many times"," something appears",[172,124108,651,124109,124102,124113,124116],{},[270,124110,124111],{"href":123973},[15,124112,123958],{},[367,124114,124115],{},"where"," it appears",[172,124118,47448,124119,124123,124124],{},[270,124120,124121,101215],{"href":123218},[15,124122,1383],{}," when you only need to know ",[367,124125,124126],{},"if it exists",[172,124128,651,124129,124135],{},[270,124130,124132],{"href":124131},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124133,124134],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[30,124137,25582],{"id":25581},[20,124139,8525,124140,124142],{},[15,124141,1179],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[35,124144,124146],{"className":37,"code":124145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124147,124148,124158,124172,124194,124220],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124149,124150,124152,124154,124156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124151,136],{"class":135},[44,124153,121],{"class":58},[44,124155,34350],{"class":117},[44,124157,100],{"class":58},[44,124159,124160,124162,124164,124166,124168,124170],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124161,136],{"class":135},[44,124163,121],{"class":58},[44,124165,2868],{"class":2546},[44,124167,121],{"class":58},[44,124169,34350],{"class":117},[44,124171,244],{"class":58},[44,124173,124174,124176,124178,124180,124182,124184,124186,124188,124190,124192],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124175,136],{"class":135},[44,124177,121],{"class":58},[44,124179,34350],{"class":117},[44,124181,114],{"class":58},[44,124183,1401],{"class":117},[44,124185,121],{"class":58},[44,124187,63],{"class":62},[44,124189,270],{"class":66},[44,124191,63],{"class":62},[44,124193,244],{"class":58},[44,124195,124196,124198,124200,124202,124204,124206,124208,124210,124212,124214,124216,124218],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,124197,136],{"class":135},[44,124199,121],{"class":58},[44,124201,34350],{"class":117},[44,124203,114],{"class":58},[44,124205,8289],{"class":117},[44,124207,8286],{"class":58},[44,124209,1401],{"class":117},[44,124211,121],{"class":58},[44,124213,63],{"class":62},[44,124215,270],{"class":66},[44,124217,63],{"class":62},[44,124219,244],{"class":58},[44,124221,124222,124224,124226,124228,124230,124232,124234,124236,124238,124240],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,124223,136],{"class":135},[44,124225,121],{"class":58},[44,124227,34350],{"class":117},[44,124229,114],{"class":58},[44,124231,1401],{"class":117},[44,124233,121],{"class":58},[44,124235,63],{"class":62},[44,124237,123056],{"class":66},[44,124239,63],{"class":62},[44,124241,244],{"class":58},[20,124243,124244],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[169,124246,124247,124250,124255,124258],{},[172,124248,124249],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[172,124251,124252,124254],{},[15,124253,34350],{}," not being a string",[172,124256,124257],{},"counting the wrong substring",[172,124259,124260],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124262,58495],{},[169,124264,124265,124268,124271,124274],{},[172,124266,124267],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[172,124269,124270],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[172,124272,124273],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[172,124275,50130,124276,44267,124278,2522,124280,72928],{},[15,124277,1179],{},[15,124279,123958],{},[15,124281,1383],{},[30,124283,1497],{"id":1496},[338,124285,124287,124288,124290],{"id":124286},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124289,1179],{}," change the original string?",[20,124292,124293],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[338,124295,1540,124297,124299],{"id":124296},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124298,1179],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124301,124302],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[338,124304,1501,124306,124308],{"id":124305},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124307,1179],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124310,4796,124311,114],{},[15,124312,186],{},[338,124314,4818,124316,124318],{"id":124315},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124317,1179],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124320,124321],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[338,124323,12355,124325,124327],{"id":124324},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124326,1179],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124329,124330],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[30,124332,1554],{"id":1553},[169,124334,124335,124342,124349,124356,124363],{},[172,124336,124337],{},[270,124338,124339],{"href":123973},[15,124340,124341],{},"Python string find() method",[172,124343,124344],{},[270,124345,124346],{"href":123983},[15,124347,124348],{},"Python string index() method",[172,124350,124351],{},[270,124352,124353],{"href":123690},[15,124354,124355],{},"Python string lower() method",[172,124357,124358],{},[270,124359,124360],{"href":123218},[15,124361,124362],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[172,124364,124365],{},[270,124366,124367],{"href":124131},[15,124368,124369],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1583,124371,124372],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":124374},[124375,124376,124378,124381,124382,124383,124384,124387,124388,124396,124397,124398,124410],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":123084,"depth":103,"text":124377},"What the count() method does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":124379},[124380],{"id":340,"depth":132,"text":341},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":123300,"depth":103,"text":123301},{"id":894,"depth":103,"text":1598,"children":124385},[124386],{"id":123521,"depth":132,"text":123522},{"id":123609,"depth":103,"text":123610},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":124389},[124390,124392,124393,124395],{"id":123755,"depth":132,"text":124391},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123865,"depth":132,"text":123866},{"id":123953,"depth":132,"text":124394},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123989,"depth":132,"text":123990},{"id":58006,"depth":103,"text":58636},{"id":25581,"depth":103,"text":25582},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":124399},[124400,124402,124404,124406,124408],{"id":124286,"depth":132,"text":124401},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124296,"depth":132,"text":124403},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124305,"depth":132,"text":124405},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124315,"depth":132,"text":124407},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124324,"depth":132,"text":124409},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122957,"description":124411},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124418,"title":124419,"body":124420,"description":126005,"extension":1616,"meta":126006,"navigation":434,"path":126007,"seo":126008,"stem":126009,"__hash__":126010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124421,"toc":125978},[124422,124425,124428,124525,124534,124536,124555,124559,124562,124565,124578,124581,124610,124615,124620,124678,124680,124713,124719,124723,124726,124729,124758,124761,124788,124791,124794,124798,124801,124808,124871,124873,124891,124894,124898,124901,124904,124946,124949,124993,124996,124999,125003,125008,125011,125054,125056,125079,125082,125115,125118,125167,125177,125181,125184,125187,125216,125219,125230,125232,125291,125294,125298,125301,125304,125319,125328,125331,125365,125368,125395,125398,125405,125407,125410,125412,125415,125429,125438,125440,125467,125471,125474,125488,125491,125550,125554,125557,125584,125587,125614,125622,125625,125685,125687,125720,125724,125727,125746,125751,125800,125805,125807,125810,125869,125887,125889,125893,125901,125905,125908,125912,125918,125922,125932,125936,125939,125941,125975],[10,124423,124419],{"id":124424},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124426,124427],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[35,124429,124431],{"className":37,"code":124430,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124432,124433,124445,124457,124466,124480,124484,124494,124504,124515],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124434,124435,124437,124439,124441,124443],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124436,7525],{"class":50},[44,124438,55],{"class":54},[44,124440,75],{"class":62},[44,124442,4652],{"class":66},[44,124444,3007],{"class":62},[44,124446,124447,124449,124451,124453,124455],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124448,89622],{"class":50},[44,124450,55],{"class":54},[44,124452,2943],{"class":62},[44,124454,34509],{"class":66},[44,124456,29339],{"class":62},[44,124458,124459,124462,124464],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124460,124461],{"class":50},"empty ",[44,124463,55],{"class":54},[44,124465,7530],{"class":62},[44,124467,124468,124470,124472,124474,124476,124478],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,124469,34329],{"class":50},[44,124471,55],{"class":54},[44,124473,48542],{"class":2546},[44,124475,121],{"class":58},[44,124477,49884],{"class":206},[44,124479,100],{"class":58},[44,124481,124482],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,124483,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,124485,124486,124488,124490,124492],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,124487,136],{"class":135},[44,124489,121],{"class":58},[44,124491,7318],{"class":117},[44,124493,100],{"class":58},[44,124495,124496,124498,124500,124502],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,124497,136],{"class":135},[44,124499,121],{"class":58},[44,124501,89639],{"class":117},[44,124503,100],{"class":58},[44,124505,124506,124508,124510,124513],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,124507,136],{"class":135},[44,124509,121],{"class":58},[44,124511,124512],{"class":117},"empty",[44,124514,100],{"class":58},[44,124516,124517,124519,124521,124523],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,124518,136],{"class":135},[44,124520,121],{"class":58},[44,124522,34350],{"class":117},[44,124524,100],{"class":58},[20,124526,124527,124530,124531,124533],{},[367,124528,124529],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124532,47321],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[30,124535,14811],{"id":14810},[169,124537,124538,124541,124544,124547,124552],{},[172,124539,124540],{},"What a string is in Python",[172,124542,124543],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[172,124545,124546],{},"How to create an empty string",[172,124548,124549,124550],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124551,47321],{},[172,124553,124554],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[30,124556,124558],{"id":124557},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124560,124561],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124563,124564],{},"Strings can contain:",[169,124566,124567,124570,124572,124575],{},[172,124568,124569],{},"Letters",[172,124571,56098],{},[172,124573,124574],{},"Spaces",[172,124576,124577],{},"Symbols",[20,124579,124580],{},"Examples of strings:",[35,124582,124584],{"className":37,"code":124583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124585,124586,124594,124602],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124587,124588,124590,124592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124589,63],{"class":42965},[44,124591,3495],{"class":42969},[44,124593,3007],{"class":42965},[44,124595,124596,124598,124600],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124597,63],{"class":42965},[44,124599,49884],{"class":42969},[44,124601,3007],{"class":42965},[44,124603,124604,124606,124608],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124605,63],{"class":42965},[44,124607,88764],{"class":42969},[44,124609,3007],{"class":42965},[20,124611,259,124612,124614],{},[15,124613,49934],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124616,124617,124618,1155],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124619,1949],{},[35,124621,124623],{"className":37,"code":124622,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124624,124625,124637,124646,124650,124664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124626,124627,124629,124631,124633,124635],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124628,34329],{"class":50},[44,124630,55],{"class":54},[44,124632,75],{"class":62},[44,124634,49884],{"class":66},[44,124636,3007],{"class":62},[44,124638,124639,124641,124643],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124640,1865],{"class":50},[44,124642,55],{"class":54},[44,124644,124645],{"class":206}," 123\n",[44,124647,124648],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124649,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,124651,124652,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,124653,136],{"class":135},[44,124655,121],{"class":58},[44,124657,2868],{"class":2546},[44,124659,121],{"class":58},[44,124661,34350],{"class":117},[44,124663,244],{"class":58},[44,124665,124666,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,124667,136],{"class":135},[44,124669,121],{"class":58},[44,124671,2868],{"class":2546},[44,124673,121],{"class":58},[44,124675,1887],{"class":117},[44,124677,244],{"class":58},[20,124679,247],{},[35,124681,124683],{"className":37,"code":124682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124684,124685,124699],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124686,124687,124689,124691,124693,124695,124697],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124688,2937],{"class":54},[44,124690,2940],{"class":1716},[44,124692,2943],{"class":62},[44,124694,3092],{"class":66},[44,124696,2948],{"class":62},[44,124698,2951],{"class":54},[44,124700,124701,124703,124705,124707,124709,124711],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124702,2937],{"class":54},[44,124704,2940],{"class":1716},[44,124706,2943],{"class":62},[44,124708,1837],{"class":66},[44,124710,2948],{"class":62},[44,124712,2951],{"class":54},[20,124714,124715,124716,114],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[270,124717,124718],{"href":50611},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[30,124720,124722],{"id":124721},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124724,124725],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124727,124728],{},"You can use single quotes:",[35,124730,124732],{"className":37,"code":124731,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124733,124734,124747],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124735,124736,124739,124741,124743,124745],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124737,124738],{"class":50},"greeting ",[44,124740,55],{"class":54},[44,124742,2943],{"class":62},[44,124744,3495],{"class":66},[44,124746,29339],{"class":62},[44,124748,124749,124751,124753,124756],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124750,136],{"class":135},[44,124752,121],{"class":58},[44,124754,124755],{"class":117},"greeting",[44,124757,100],{"class":58},[20,124759,124760],{},"Or double quotes:",[35,124762,124764],{"className":37,"code":124763,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124765,124766,124778],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124767,124768,124770,124772,124774,124776],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124769,124738],{"class":50},[44,124771,55],{"class":54},[44,124773,75],{"class":62},[44,124775,3495],{"class":66},[44,124777,3007],{"class":62},[44,124779,124780,124782,124784,124786],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124781,136],{"class":135},[44,124783,121],{"class":58},[44,124785,124755],{"class":117},[44,124787,100],{"class":58},[20,124789,124790],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124792,124793],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[30,124795,124797],{"id":124796},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124799,124800],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124802,124803,124804,2522,124806,1155],{},"Use either ",[15,124805,5920],{},[15,124807,3423],{},[35,124809,124811],{"className":37,"code":124810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124812,124813,124822,124831,124835,124846,124857],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124814,124815,124818,124820],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124816,124817],{"class":50},"empty1 ",[44,124819,55],{"class":54},[44,124821,7530],{"class":62},[44,124823,124824,124827,124829],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124825,124826],{"class":50},"empty2 ",[44,124828,55],{"class":54},[44,124830,47133],{"class":62},[44,124832,124833],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124834,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,124836,124837,124839,124841,124844],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,124838,136],{"class":135},[44,124840,121],{"class":58},[44,124842,124843],{"class":117},"empty1",[44,124845,100],{"class":58},[44,124847,124848,124850,124852,124855],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,124849,136],{"class":135},[44,124851,121],{"class":58},[44,124853,124854],{"class":117},"empty2",[44,124856,100],{"class":58},[44,124858,124859,124861,124863,124865,124867,124869],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,124860,136],{"class":135},[44,124862,121],{"class":58},[44,124864,2868],{"class":2546},[44,124866,121],{"class":58},[44,124868,124843],{"class":117},[44,124870,244],{"class":58},[20,124872,247],{},[35,124874,124875],{"className":37,"code":45408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,124876,124877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124878,124879,124881,124883,124885,124887,124889],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124880,2937],{"class":54},[44,124882,2940],{"class":1716},[44,124884,2943],{"class":62},[44,124886,3092],{"class":66},[44,124888,2948],{"class":62},[44,124890,2951],{"class":54},[20,124892,124893],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[30,124895,124897],{"id":124896},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124899,124900],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124902,124903],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[35,124905,124907],{"className":37,"code":124906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124908,124909,124920,124925,124932,124936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124910,124911,124913,124915,124918],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124912,89622],{"class":50},[44,124914,55],{"class":54},[44,124916,124917],{"class":62}," \"\"\"",[44,124919,88564],{"class":66},[44,124921,124922],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124923,124924],{"class":66},"Welcome to Python\n",[44,124926,124927,124930],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124928,124929],{"class":66},"Have a nice day",[44,124931,42973],{"class":62},[44,124933,124934],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,124935,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,124937,124938,124940,124942,124944],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,124939,136],{"class":135},[44,124941,121],{"class":58},[44,124943,89639],{"class":117},[44,124945,100],{"class":58},[20,124947,124948],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[35,124950,124952],{"className":37,"code":124951,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124953,124954,124966,124971,124979,124983],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,124955,124956,124958,124960,124963],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,124957,89622],{"class":50},[44,124959,55],{"class":54},[44,124961,124962],{"class":62}," '''",[44,124964,124965],{"class":66},"Line 1\n",[44,124967,124968],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,124969,124970],{"class":66},"Line 2\n",[44,124972,124973,124976],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,124974,124975],{"class":66},"Line 3",[44,124977,124978],{"class":62},"'''\n",[44,124980,124981],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,124982,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,124984,124985,124987,124989,124991],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,124986,136],{"class":135},[44,124988,121],{"class":58},[44,124990,89639],{"class":117},[44,124992,100],{"class":58},[20,124994,124995],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124997,124998],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[30,125000,125002],{"id":125001},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125004,164,125005,125007],{},[15,125006,47321],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125009,125010],{},"Example with a number:",[35,125012,125014],{"className":37,"code":125013,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125015,125016,125030,125040],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125017,125018,125020,125022,125024,125026,125028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125019,34329],{"class":50},[44,125021,55],{"class":54},[44,125023,48542],{"class":2546},[44,125025,121],{"class":58},[44,125027,46164],{"class":206},[44,125029,100],{"class":58},[44,125031,125032,125034,125036,125038],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125033,136],{"class":135},[44,125035,121],{"class":58},[44,125037,34350],{"class":117},[44,125039,100],{"class":58},[44,125041,125042,125044,125046,125048,125050,125052],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125043,136],{"class":135},[44,125045,121],{"class":58},[44,125047,2868],{"class":2546},[44,125049,121],{"class":58},[44,125051,34350],{"class":117},[44,125053,244],{"class":58},[20,125055,247],{},[35,125057,125059],{"className":37,"code":125058,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125060,125061,125065],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125062,125063],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125064,46250],{"class":206},[44,125066,125067,125069,125071,125073,125075,125077],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125068,2937],{"class":54},[44,125070,2940],{"class":1716},[44,125072,2943],{"class":62},[44,125074,3092],{"class":66},[44,125076,2948],{"class":62},[44,125078,2951],{"class":54},[20,125080,125081],{},"You can also convert other values:",[35,125083,125085],{"className":37,"code":125084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125086,125087,125101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125088,125089,125091,125093,125095,125097,125099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125090,136],{"class":135},[44,125092,121],{"class":58},[44,125094,3092],{"class":2546},[44,125096,121],{"class":58},[44,125098,3254],{"class":3502},[44,125100,244],{"class":58},[44,125102,125103,125105,125107,125109,125111,125113],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125104,136],{"class":135},[44,125106,121],{"class":58},[44,125108,3092],{"class":2546},[44,125110,121],{"class":58},[44,125112,39780],{"class":206},[44,125114,244],{"class":58},[20,125116,125117],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[35,125119,125121],{"className":37,"code":125120,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125122,125123,125131,125153,125157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125124,125125,125127,125129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125126,21268],{"class":50},[44,125128,55],{"class":54},[44,125130,44863],{"class":206},[44,125132,125133,125135,125137,125139,125141,125143,125145,125147,125149,125151],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125134,89622],{"class":50},[44,125136,55],{"class":54},[44,125138,75],{"class":62},[44,125140,89040],{"class":66},[44,125142,63],{"class":62},[44,125144,2100],{"class":54},[44,125146,48542],{"class":2546},[44,125148,121],{"class":58},[44,125150,8949],{"class":117},[44,125152,100],{"class":58},[44,125154,125155],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125156,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,125158,125159,125161,125163,125165],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,125160,136],{"class":135},[44,125162,121],{"class":58},[44,125164,89639],{"class":117},[44,125166,100],{"class":58},[20,125168,125169,125170,2522,125174,114],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[270,125171,3225,125172,3158],{"href":41811},[15,125173,47321],{},[270,125175,125176],{"href":122888},"how to convert int to string in Python",[30,125178,125180],{"id":125179},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125182,125183],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125185,125186],{},"Both of these are valid:",[35,125188,125190],{"className":37,"code":125189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125191,125192,125204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125193,125194,125196,125198,125200,125202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125195,2198],{"class":50},[44,125197,55],{"class":54},[44,125199,2943],{"class":62},[44,125201,6946],{"class":66},[44,125203,29339],{"class":62},[44,125205,125206,125208,125210,125212,125214],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125207,2226],{"class":50},[44,125209,55],{"class":54},[44,125211,75],{"class":62},[44,125213,6946],{"class":66},[44,125215,3007],{"class":62},[20,125217,125218],{},"A common rule is:",[169,125220,125221,125224,125227],{},[172,125222,125223],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[172,125225,125226],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[172,125228,125229],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125231,189],{},[35,125233,125235],{"className":37,"code":125234,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125236,125237,125251,125265,125269,125280],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125238,125239,125242,125244,125246,125249],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125240,125241],{"class":50},"text1 ",[44,125243,55],{"class":54},[44,125245,75],{"class":62},[44,125247,125248],{"class":66},"It's working",[44,125250,3007],{"class":62},[44,125252,125253,125256,125258,125260,125263],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125254,125255],{"class":50},"text2 ",[44,125257,55],{"class":54},[44,125259,2943],{"class":62},[44,125261,125262],{"class":66},"She said \"hello\"",[44,125264,29339],{"class":62},[44,125266,125267],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125268,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,125270,125271,125273,125275,125278],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,125272,136],{"class":135},[44,125274,121],{"class":58},[44,125276,125277],{"class":117},"text1",[44,125279,100],{"class":58},[44,125281,125282,125284,125286,125289],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,125283,136],{"class":135},[44,125285,121],{"class":58},[44,125287,125288],{"class":117},"text2",[44,125290,100],{"class":58},[20,125292,125293],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[30,125295,125297],{"id":125296},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125299,125300],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125302,125303],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[35,125305,125307],{"className":37,"code":125306,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125308,125309,125314],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125310,125311],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125312,125313],{"class":147},"# This will cause an error\n",[44,125315,125316],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125317,125318],{"class":147},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125320,125321,125322,34972,125324,125327],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125323,2948],{},[15,125325,125326],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125329,125330],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[35,125332,125334],{"className":37,"code":125333,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125335,125336,125355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125337,125338,125340,125342,125344,125347,125350,125353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125339,34329],{"class":50},[44,125341,55],{"class":54},[44,125343,2943],{"class":62},[44,125345,125346],{"class":66},"It",[44,125348,125349],{"class":34094},"\\'",[44,125351,125352],{"class":66},"s working",[44,125354,29339],{"class":62},[44,125356,125357,125359,125361,125363],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125358,136],{"class":135},[44,125360,121],{"class":58},[44,125362,34350],{"class":117},[44,125364,100],{"class":58},[20,125366,125367],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[35,125369,125371],{"className":37,"code":125370,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125372,125373,125385],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125374,125375,125377,125379,125381,125383],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125376,34329],{"class":50},[44,125378,55],{"class":54},[44,125380,75],{"class":62},[44,125382,125248],{"class":66},[44,125384,3007],{"class":62},[44,125386,125387,125389,125391,125393],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125388,136],{"class":135},[44,125390,121],{"class":58},[44,125392,34350],{"class":117},[44,125394,100],{"class":58},[20,125396,125397],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125399,125400,125401,114],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[270,125402,125404],{"href":125403},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[30,125406,1299],{"id":1298},[20,125408,125409],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[338,125411,89829],{"id":89828},[20,125413,125414],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[35,125416,125418],{"className":37,"code":125417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125419,125420,125424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125421,125422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125423,125313],{"class":147},[44,125425,125426],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125427,125428],{"class":147},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125430,125431,125432,8250,125435,125437],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125433,125434],{},"NameError",[15,125436,4652],{}," is not defined.",[20,125439,10457],{},[35,125441,125443],{"className":37,"code":125442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125444,125445,125457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125446,125447,125449,125451,125453,125455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125448,7525],{"class":50},[44,125450,55],{"class":54},[44,125452,75],{"class":62},[44,125454,4652],{"class":66},[44,125456,3007],{"class":62},[44,125458,125459,125461,125463,125465],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125460,136],{"class":135},[44,125462,121],{"class":58},[44,125464,7318],{"class":117},[44,125466,100],{"class":58},[338,125468,125470],{"id":125469},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125472,125473],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[35,125475,125477],{"className":37,"code":125476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125478,125479,125483],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125480,125481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125482,125313],{"class":147},[44,125484,125485],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125486,125487],{"class":147},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125489,125490],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[35,125492,125494],{"className":37,"code":125493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125495,125496,125513,125526,125530,125540],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125497,125498,125500,125502,125504,125506,125508,125511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125499,125241],{"class":50},[44,125501,55],{"class":54},[44,125503,2943],{"class":62},[44,125505,125346],{"class":66},[44,125507,125349],{"class":34094},[44,125509,125510],{"class":66},"s good",[44,125512,29339],{"class":62},[44,125514,125515,125517,125519,125521,125524],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125516,125255],{"class":50},[44,125518,55],{"class":54},[44,125520,75],{"class":62},[44,125522,125523],{"class":66},"It's good",[44,125525,3007],{"class":62},[44,125527,125528],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125529,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,125531,125532,125534,125536,125538],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,125533,136],{"class":135},[44,125535,121],{"class":58},[44,125537,125277],{"class":117},[44,125539,100],{"class":58},[44,125541,125542,125544,125546,125548],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,125543,136],{"class":135},[44,125545,121],{"class":58},[44,125547,125288],{"class":117},[44,125549,100],{"class":58},[338,125551,125553],{"id":125552},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125555,125556],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[35,125558,125560],{"className":37,"code":125559,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125561,125562,125574],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125563,125564,125566,125568,125570,125572],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125565,34329],{"class":50},[44,125567,55],{"class":54},[44,125569,124917],{"class":62},[44,125571,3495],{"class":66},[44,125573,42973],{"class":62},[44,125575,125576,125578,125580,125582],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125577,136],{"class":135},[44,125579,121],{"class":58},[44,125581,34350],{"class":117},[44,125583,100],{"class":58},[20,125585,125586],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[35,125588,125590],{"className":37,"code":125589,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125591,125592,125604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125593,125594,125596,125598,125600,125602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125595,34329],{"class":50},[44,125597,55],{"class":54},[44,125599,75],{"class":62},[44,125601,3495],{"class":66},[44,125603,3007],{"class":62},[44,125605,125606,125608,125610,125612],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125607,136],{"class":135},[44,125609,121],{"class":58},[44,125611,34350],{"class":117},[44,125613,100],{"class":58},[338,125615,4229,125617,898,125619,125621],{"id":125616},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125618,49884],{},[15,125620,49934],{}," are the same type",[20,125623,125624],{},"They are different:",[35,125626,125628],{"className":37,"code":125627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125629,125630,125639,125652,125656,125670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125631,125632,125635,125637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125633,125634],{"class":50},"value1 ",[44,125636,55],{"class":54},[44,125638,124645],{"class":206},[44,125640,125641,125644,125646,125648,125650],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125642,125643],{"class":50},"value2 ",[44,125645,55],{"class":54},[44,125647,75],{"class":62},[44,125649,49884],{"class":66},[44,125651,3007],{"class":62},[44,125653,125654],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125655,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,125657,125658,125660,125662,125664,125666,125668],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,125659,136],{"class":135},[44,125661,121],{"class":58},[44,125663,2868],{"class":2546},[44,125665,121],{"class":58},[44,125667,84385],{"class":117},[44,125669,244],{"class":58},[44,125671,125672,125674,125676,125678,125680,125683],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,125673,136],{"class":135},[44,125675,121],{"class":58},[44,125677,2868],{"class":2546},[44,125679,121],{"class":58},[44,125681,125682],{"class":117},"value2",[44,125684,244],{"class":58},[20,125686,247],{},[35,125688,125690],{"className":37,"code":125689,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125691,125692,125706],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125693,125694,125696,125698,125700,125702,125704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125695,2937],{"class":54},[44,125697,2940],{"class":1716},[44,125699,2943],{"class":62},[44,125701,1837],{"class":66},[44,125703,2948],{"class":62},[44,125705,2951],{"class":54},[44,125707,125708,125710,125712,125714,125716,125718],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125709,2937],{"class":54},[44,125711,2940],{"class":1716},[44,125713,2943],{"class":62},[44,125715,3092],{"class":66},[44,125717,2948],{"class":62},[44,125719,2951],{"class":54},[338,125721,125723],{"id":125722},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125725,125726],{},"This causes a type error:",[35,125728,125730],{"className":37,"code":125729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125731,125732,125736,125741],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125733,125734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125735,125313],{"class":147},[44,125737,125738],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125739,125740],{"class":147},"# age = 10\n",[44,125742,125743],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125744,125745],{"class":147},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125747,125748,125749,1155],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125750,47321],{},[35,125752,125754],{"className":37,"code":125753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125755,125756,125764,125786,125790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125757,125758,125760,125762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125759,21268],{"class":50},[44,125761,55],{"class":54},[44,125763,2231],{"class":206},[44,125765,125766,125768,125770,125772,125774,125776,125778,125780,125782,125784],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125767,89622],{"class":50},[44,125769,55],{"class":54},[44,125771,75],{"class":62},[44,125773,89040],{"class":66},[44,125775,63],{"class":62},[44,125777,2100],{"class":54},[44,125779,48542],{"class":2546},[44,125781,121],{"class":58},[44,125783,8949],{"class":117},[44,125785,100],{"class":58},[44,125787,125788],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125789,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,125791,125792,125794,125796,125798],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,125793,136],{"class":135},[44,125795,121],{"class":58},[44,125797,89639],{"class":117},[44,125799,100],{"class":58},[20,125801,125802,125803,114],{},"For this specific error, see ",[270,125804,90021],{"href":90020},[338,125806,1337],{"id":1336},[20,125808,125809],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[35,125811,125813],{"className":37,"code":125812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125814,125815,125827,125831,125841,125855],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,125816,125817,125819,125821,125823,125825],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,125818,34329],{"class":50},[44,125820,55],{"class":54},[44,125822,75],{"class":62},[44,125824,3495],{"class":66},[44,125826,3007],{"class":62},[44,125828,125829],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,125830,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,125834,136],{"class":135},[44,125836,121],{"class":58},[44,125838,34350],{"class":117},[44,125840,100],{"class":58},[44,125842,125843,125845,125847,125849,125851,125853],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,125844,136],{"class":135},[44,125846,121],{"class":58},[44,125848,2868],{"class":2546},[44,125850,121],{"class":58},[44,125852,34350],{"class":117},[44,125854,244],{"class":58},[44,125856,125857,125859,125861,125863,125865,125867],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,125858,136],{"class":135},[44,125860,121],{"class":58},[44,125862,41415],{"class":135},[44,125864,121],{"class":58},[44,125866,34350],{"class":117},[44,125868,244],{"class":58},[169,125870,125871,125876,125881],{},[172,125872,125873,45916],{},[15,125874,125875],{},"print(text)",[172,125877,125878,45921],{},[15,125879,125880],{},"print(type(text))",[172,125882,125883,125886],{},[15,125884,125885],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[30,125888,1497],{"id":1496},[338,125890,125892],{"id":125891},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125894,125895,125896,2522,125899,114],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125897,125898],{},"'hello'",[15,125900,64166],{},[338,125902,125904],{"id":125903},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125906,125907],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[338,125909,125911],{"id":125910},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125913,651,125914,2522,125916,114],{},[15,125915,5920],{},[15,125917,3423],{},[338,125919,125921],{"id":125920},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125923,651,125924,125926,125927,125929,125930,114],{},[15,125925,47321],{},", like ",[15,125928,79996],{},", which returns ",[15,125931,41762],{},[338,125933,125935],{"id":125934},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125937,125938],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[30,125940,1554],{"id":1553},[169,125942,125943,125947,125953,125958,125967,125971],{},[172,125944,125945],{},[270,125946,124718],{"href":50611},[172,125948,125949],{},[270,125950,3225,125951,3158],{"href":41811},[15,125952,47321],{},[172,125954,125955],{},[270,125956,125957],{"href":122888},"How to convert int to string in Python",[172,125959,125960],{},[270,125961,125963,125964,1180],{"href":125962},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125965,125966],{},"format()",[172,125968,125969],{},[270,125970,125404],{"href":125403},[172,125972,125973],{},[270,125974,90021],{"href":90020},[1583,125976,125977],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":125979},[125980,125981,125982,125983,125984,125985,125986,125987,125988,125997,126004],{"id":14810,"depth":103,"text":14811},{"id":124557,"depth":103,"text":124558},{"id":124721,"depth":103,"text":124722},{"id":124796,"depth":103,"text":124797},{"id":124896,"depth":103,"text":124897},{"id":125001,"depth":103,"text":125002},{"id":125179,"depth":103,"text":125180},{"id":125296,"depth":103,"text":125297},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":125989},[125990,125991,125992,125993,125995,125996],{"id":89828,"depth":132,"text":89829},{"id":125469,"depth":132,"text":125470},{"id":125552,"depth":132,"text":125553},{"id":125616,"depth":132,"text":125994},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125722,"depth":132,"text":125723},{"id":1336,"depth":132,"text":1337},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":125998},[125999,126000,126001,126002,126003],{"id":125891,"depth":132,"text":125892},{"id":125903,"depth":132,"text":125904},{"id":125910,"depth":132,"text":125911},{"id":125920,"depth":132,"text":125921},{"id":125934,"depth":132,"text":125935},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124419,"description":126005},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126012,"title":126013,"body":126014,"description":127928,"extension":1616,"meta":127929,"navigation":434,"path":127930,"seo":127931,"stem":127932,"__hash__":127933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126015,"toc":127889},[126016,126022,126027,126035,126037,126104,126106,126118,126127,126132,126136,126153,126155,126220,126222,126234,126239,126241,126269,126290,126293,126332,126334,126342,126346,126350,126354,126362,126365,126406,126408,126416,126419,126476,126478,126486,126490,126495,126539,126541,126549,126558,126562,126567,126615,126617,126625,126631,126633,126637,126649,126654,126733,126735,126755,126759,126763,126803,126805,126813,126817,126860,126862,126870,126874,126914,126916,126924,126928,126984,126986,126994,127000,127002,127006,127016,127083,127085,127098,127105,127148,127150,127158,127162,127165,127221,127223,127231,127234,127236,127313,127315,127323,127332,127334,127338,127342,127344,127366,127369,127416,127420,127459,127461,127469,127471,127513,127520,127525,127587,127589,127601,127607,127612,127661,127663,127682,127688,127690,127709,127711,127802,127804,127810,127817,127823,127829,127834,127843,127850,127858,127860,127886],[10,126017,122963,126019,18],{"id":126018},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126020,126021],{},"endswith()",[20,126023,122968,126024,126026],{},[15,126025,126021],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126028,126029,126030,2522,126032,126034],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126031,3254],{},[15,126033,3324],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[30,126036,33],{"id":32},[35,126038,126040],{"className":37,"code":126039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126041,126042,126056,126081],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126043,126044,126047,126049,126051,126054],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126045,126046],{"class":50},"filename ",[44,126048,55],{"class":54},[44,126050,75],{"class":62},[44,126052,126053],{"class":66},"report.csv",[44,126055,3007],{"class":62},[44,126057,126058,126060,126062,126065,126067,126070,126072,126074,126077,126079],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126059,136],{"class":135},[44,126061,121],{"class":58},[44,126063,126064],{"class":117},"filename",[44,126066,114],{"class":58},[44,126068,126069],{"class":117},"endswith",[44,126071,121],{"class":58},[44,126073,63],{"class":62},[44,126075,126076],{"class":66},".csv",[44,126078,63],{"class":62},[44,126080,244],{"class":58},[44,126082,126083,126085,126087,126089,126091,126093,126095,126097,126100,126102],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126084,136],{"class":135},[44,126086,121],{"class":58},[44,126088,126064],{"class":117},[44,126090,114],{"class":58},[44,126092,126069],{"class":117},[44,126094,121],{"class":58},[44,126096,63],{"class":62},[44,126098,126099],{"class":66},".txt",[44,126101,63],{"class":62},[44,126103,244],{"class":58},[20,126105,247],{},[35,126107,126108],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126109,126110,126114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126111,126112],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126113,3629],{"class":3502},[44,126115,126116],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126117,3690],{"class":3502},[20,126119,651,126120,5017,126122,2522,126124,126126],{},[15,126121,126021],{},[15,126123,3254],{},[15,126125,3324],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[30,126128,158,126130,161],{"id":126129},"what-endswith-does",[15,126131,126021],{},[20,126133,126134,1155],{},[15,126135,126021],{},[169,126137,126138,126141,126147,126150],{},[172,126139,126140],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[172,126142,11072,126143,2522,126145],{},[15,126144,3254],{},[15,126146,3324],{},[172,126148,126149],{},"Does not change the original string",[172,126151,126152],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126154,189],{},[35,126156,126158],{"className":37,"code":126157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126159,126160,126172,126176,126198],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126161,126162,126164,126166,126168,126170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126163,34329],{"class":50},[44,126165,55],{"class":54},[44,126167,75],{"class":62},[44,126169,60039],{"class":66},[44,126171,3007],{"class":62},[44,126173,126174],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126175,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,126177,126178,126180,126182,126184,126186,126188,126190,126192,126194,126196],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126179,136],{"class":135},[44,126181,121],{"class":58},[44,126183,34350],{"class":117},[44,126185,114],{"class":58},[44,126187,126069],{"class":117},[44,126189,121],{"class":58},[44,126191,63],{"class":62},[44,126193,60224],{"class":66},[44,126195,63],{"class":62},[44,126197,244],{"class":58},[44,126199,126200,126202,126204,126206,126208,126210,126212,126214,126216,126218],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,126201,136],{"class":135},[44,126203,121],{"class":58},[44,126205,34350],{"class":117},[44,126207,114],{"class":58},[44,126209,126069],{"class":117},[44,126211,121],{"class":58},[44,126213,63],{"class":62},[44,126215,3495],{"class":66},[44,126217,63],{"class":62},[44,126219,244],{"class":58},[20,126221,247],{},[35,126223,126224],{"className":37,"code":43811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126225,126226,126230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126227,126228],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126229,3629],{"class":3502},[44,126231,126232],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126233,3690],{"class":3502},[20,126235,126236,126237,114],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[270,126238,124718],{"href":50611},[30,126240,277],{"id":276},[35,126242,126244],{"className":37,"code":126243,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126245,126246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126247,126248,126250,126252,126254,126256,126259,126261,126263,126265,126267],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126249,60805],{"class":50},[44,126251,114],{"class":58},[44,126253,126069],{"class":117},[44,126255,121],{"class":58},[44,126257,126258],{"class":117},"suffix",[44,126260,72],{"class":58},[44,126262,329],{"class":117},[44,126264,72],{"class":58},[44,126266,334],{"class":117},[44,126268,100],{"class":58},[169,126270,126271,126276,126283],{},[172,126272,126273,126275],{},[15,126274,126258],{}," is required",[172,126277,126278,898,126280,126282],{},[15,126279,353],{},[15,126281,359],{}," are optional",[172,126284,126285,898,126287,126289],{},[15,126286,353],{},[15,126288,359],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126291,126292],{},"Basic example:",[35,126294,126296],{"className":37,"code":126295,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126297,126298,126310],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126299,126300,126302,126304,126306,126308],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126301,126046],{"class":50},[44,126303,55],{"class":54},[44,126305,75],{"class":62},[44,126307,86510],{"class":66},[44,126309,3007],{"class":62},[44,126311,126312,126314,126316,126318,126320,126322,126324,126326,126328,126330],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126313,136],{"class":135},[44,126315,121],{"class":58},[44,126317,126064],{"class":117},[44,126319,114],{"class":58},[44,126321,126069],{"class":117},[44,126323,121],{"class":58},[44,126325,63],{"class":62},[44,126327,126099],{"class":66},[44,126329,63],{"class":62},[44,126331,244],{"class":58},[20,126333,247],{},[35,126335,126336],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126337,126338],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126339,126340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126341,3629],{"class":3502},[30,126343,126345],{"id":126344},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[338,126347,126348],{"id":126258},[15,126349,126258],{},[20,126351,126352,30390],{},[15,126353,126258],{},[169,126355,126356,126359],{},[172,126357,126358],{},"A single string",[172,126360,126361],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126363,126364],{},"Single suffix:",[35,126366,126368],{"className":37,"code":126367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126369,126370,126383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126371,126372,126374,126376,126378,126381],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126373,7525],{"class":50},[44,126375,55],{"class":54},[44,126377,75],{"class":62},[44,126379,126380],{"class":66},"image.png",[44,126382,3007],{"class":62},[44,126384,126385,126387,126389,126391,126393,126395,126397,126399,126402,126404],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126386,136],{"class":135},[44,126388,121],{"class":58},[44,126390,7318],{"class":117},[44,126392,114],{"class":58},[44,126394,126069],{"class":117},[44,126396,121],{"class":58},[44,126398,63],{"class":62},[44,126400,126401],{"class":66},".png",[44,126403,63],{"class":62},[44,126405,244],{"class":58},[20,126407,247],{},[35,126409,126410],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126411,126412],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126413,126414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126415,3629],{"class":3502},[20,126417,126418],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[35,126420,126422],{"className":37,"code":126421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126423,126424,126436],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126425,126426,126428,126430,126432,126434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126427,7525],{"class":50},[44,126429,55],{"class":54},[44,126431,75],{"class":62},[44,126433,126380],{"class":66},[44,126435,3007],{"class":62},[44,126437,126438,126440,126442,126444,126446,126448,126450,126452,126455,126457,126459,126461,126463,126465,126467,126469,126472,126474],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126439,136],{"class":135},[44,126441,121],{"class":58},[44,126443,7318],{"class":117},[44,126445,114],{"class":58},[44,126447,126069],{"class":117},[44,126449,5158],{"class":58},[44,126451,63],{"class":62},[44,126453,126454],{"class":66},".jpg",[44,126456,63],{"class":62},[44,126458,72],{"class":58},[44,126460,75],{"class":62},[44,126462,126401],{"class":66},[44,126464,63],{"class":62},[44,126466,72],{"class":58},[44,126468,75],{"class":62},[44,126470,126471],{"class":66},".gif",[44,126473,63],{"class":62},[44,126475,2557],{"class":58},[20,126477,247],{},[35,126479,126480],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126481,126482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126483,126484],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126485,3629],{"class":3502},[338,126487,126488],{"id":353},[15,126489,353],{},[20,126491,126492,126494],{},[15,126493,353],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[35,126496,126498],{"className":37,"code":126497,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126499,126500,126513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126501,126502,126504,126506,126508,126511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126503,34329],{"class":50},[44,126505,55],{"class":54},[44,126507,75],{"class":62},[44,126509,126510],{"class":66},"my_report.csv",[44,126512,3007],{"class":62},[44,126514,126515,126517,126519,126521,126523,126525,126527,126529,126531,126533,126535,126537],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126516,136],{"class":135},[44,126518,121],{"class":58},[44,126520,34350],{"class":117},[44,126522,114],{"class":58},[44,126524,126069],{"class":117},[44,126526,121],{"class":58},[44,126528,63],{"class":62},[44,126530,126076],{"class":66},[44,126532,63],{"class":62},[44,126534,72],{"class":58},[44,126536,524],{"class":206},[44,126538,244],{"class":58},[20,126540,247],{},[35,126542,126543],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126544,126545],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126546,126547],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126548,3629],{"class":3502},[20,126550,126551,126552,126554,126555,114],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126553,1141],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126556,126557],{},"\"report.csv\"",[338,126559,126560],{"id":359},[15,126561,359],{},[20,126563,126564,126566],{},[15,126565,359],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[35,126568,126570],{"className":37,"code":126569,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126571,126572,126585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126573,126574,126576,126578,126580,126583],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126575,34329],{"class":50},[44,126577,55],{"class":54},[44,126579,75],{"class":62},[44,126581,126582],{"class":66},"report.csv backup",[44,126584,3007],{"class":62},[44,126586,126587,126589,126591,126593,126595,126597,126599,126601,126603,126605,126607,126609,126611,126613],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126588,136],{"class":135},[44,126590,121],{"class":58},[44,126592,34350],{"class":117},[44,126594,114],{"class":58},[44,126596,126069],{"class":117},[44,126598,121],{"class":58},[44,126600,63],{"class":62},[44,126602,126076],{"class":66},[44,126604,63],{"class":62},[44,126606,72],{"class":58},[44,126608,3483],{"class":206},[44,126610,72],{"class":58},[44,126612,934],{"class":206},[44,126614,244],{"class":58},[20,126616,247],{},[35,126618,126619],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126620,126621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126622,126623],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126624,3629],{"class":3502},[20,126626,126627,126628,126630],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126629,126557],{}," and ignores the rest.",[30,126632,17063],{"id":17062},[20,126634,126635,537],{},[15,126636,126021],{},[169,126638,126639,126644],{},[172,126640,126641,126643],{},[15,126642,3254],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[172,126645,126646,126648],{},[15,126647,3324],{}," if it does not",[20,126650,126651,126652,6821],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126653,806],{},[35,126655,126657],{"className":37,"code":126656,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126658,126659,126672,126676,126697,126712,126718],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126660,126661,126663,126665,126667,126670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126662,126046],{"class":50},[44,126664,55],{"class":54},[44,126666,75],{"class":62},[44,126668,126669],{"class":66},"data.csv",[44,126671,3007],{"class":62},[44,126673,126674],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126675,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,126677,126678,126680,126683,126685,126687,126689,126691,126693,126695],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,126679,806],{"class":805},[44,126681,126682],{"class":50}," filename",[44,126684,114],{"class":58},[44,126686,126069],{"class":117},[44,126688,121],{"class":58},[44,126690,63],{"class":62},[44,126692,126076],{"class":66},[44,126694,63],{"class":62},[44,126696,7991],{"class":58},[44,126698,126699,126701,126703,126705,126708,126710],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,126700,825],{"class":135},[44,126702,121],{"class":58},[44,126704,63],{"class":62},[44,126706,126707],{"class":66},"This is a CSV file.",[44,126709,63],{"class":62},[44,126711,100],{"class":58},[44,126713,126714,126716],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,126715,848],{"class":805},[44,126717,820],{"class":58},[44,126719,126720,126722,126724,126726,126729,126731],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,126721,825],{"class":135},[44,126723,121],{"class":58},[44,126725,63],{"class":62},[44,126727,126728],{"class":66},"This is not a CSV file.",[44,126730,63],{"class":62},[44,126732,100],{"class":58},[20,126734,247],{},[35,126736,126738],{"className":37,"code":126737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126739,126740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126741,126742,126744,126746,126748,126751,126753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126743,49517],{"class":50},[44,126745,11844],{"class":54},[44,126747,44182],{"class":50},[44,126749,126750],{"class":34094},"CSV",[44,126752,86251],{"class":86250},[44,126754,121995],{"class":58},[30,126756,126758],{"id":126757},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[338,126760,126762],{"id":126761},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[35,126764,126766],{"className":37,"code":126765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126767,126768,126781],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126769,126770,126772,126774,126776,126779],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126771,126046],{"class":50},[44,126773,55],{"class":54},[44,126775,75],{"class":62},[44,126777,126778],{"class":66},"sales.csv",[44,126780,3007],{"class":62},[44,126782,126783,126785,126787,126789,126791,126793,126795,126797,126799,126801],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126784,136],{"class":135},[44,126786,121],{"class":58},[44,126788,126064],{"class":117},[44,126790,114],{"class":58},[44,126792,126069],{"class":117},[44,126794,121],{"class":58},[44,126796,63],{"class":62},[44,126798,126076],{"class":66},[44,126800,63],{"class":62},[44,126802,244],{"class":58},[20,126804,247],{},[35,126806,126807],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126808,126809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126810,126811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126812,3629],{"class":3502},[338,126814,126816],{"id":126815},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[35,126818,126820],{"className":37,"code":126819,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126821,126822,126836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126823,126824,126827,126829,126831,126834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126825,126826],{"class":50},"url ",[44,126828,55],{"class":54},[44,126830,75],{"class":62},[44,126832,126833],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[44,126835,3007],{"class":62},[44,126837,126838,126840,126842,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126856,126858],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126839,136],{"class":135},[44,126841,121],{"class":58},[44,126843,126844],{"class":117},"url",[44,126846,114],{"class":58},[44,126848,126069],{"class":117},[44,126850,121],{"class":58},[44,126852,63],{"class":62},[44,126854,126855],{"class":66},"\u002F",[44,126857,63],{"class":62},[44,126859,244],{"class":58},[20,126861,247],{},[35,126863,126864],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126865,126866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126867,126868],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126869,3629],{"class":3502},[338,126871,126873],{"id":126872},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[35,126875,126877],{"className":37,"code":126876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126878,126879,126892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126880,126881,126883,126885,126887,126890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126882,89622],{"class":50},[44,126884,55],{"class":54},[44,126886,75],{"class":62},[44,126888,126889],{"class":66},"Hello!",[44,126891,3007],{"class":62},[44,126893,126894,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126912],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126895,136],{"class":135},[44,126897,121],{"class":58},[44,126899,89639],{"class":117},[44,126901,114],{"class":58},[44,126903,126069],{"class":117},[44,126905,121],{"class":58},[44,126907,63],{"class":62},[44,126909,89463],{"class":66},[44,126911,63],{"class":62},[44,126913,244],{"class":58},[20,126915,247],{},[35,126917,126918],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126919,126920],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126921,126922],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126923,3629],{"class":3502},[338,126925,126927],{"id":126926},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[35,126929,126931],{"className":37,"code":126930,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126932,126933,126946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126934,126935,126937,126939,126941,126944],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126936,126046],{"class":50},[44,126938,55],{"class":54},[44,126940,75],{"class":62},[44,126942,126943],{"class":66},"photo.jpg",[44,126945,3007],{"class":62},[44,126947,126948,126950,126952,126954,126956,126958,126960,126962,126964,126966,126968,126970,126972,126974,126976,126978,126980,126982],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,126949,136],{"class":135},[44,126951,121],{"class":58},[44,126953,126064],{"class":117},[44,126955,114],{"class":58},[44,126957,126069],{"class":117},[44,126959,5158],{"class":58},[44,126961,63],{"class":62},[44,126963,126454],{"class":66},[44,126965,63],{"class":62},[44,126967,72],{"class":58},[44,126969,75],{"class":62},[44,126971,126401],{"class":66},[44,126973,63],{"class":62},[44,126975,72],{"class":58},[44,126977,75],{"class":62},[44,126979,126471],{"class":66},[44,126981,63],{"class":62},[44,126983,2557],{"class":58},[20,126985,247],{},[35,126987,126988],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,126989,126990],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,126991,126992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,126993,3629],{"class":3502},[20,126995,126996,126997,114],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[270,126998,126999],{"href":123218},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[30,127001,123610],{"id":123609},[20,127003,127004,123421],{},[15,127005,126021],{},[20,127007,127008,127009,898,127012,127015],{},"That means ",[15,127010,127011],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127013,127014],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[35,127017,127019],{"className":37,"code":127018,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127020,127021,127034,127038,127060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127022,127023,127025,127027,127029,127032],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127024,126046],{"class":50},[44,127026,55],{"class":54},[44,127028,75],{"class":62},[44,127030,127031],{"class":66},"REPORT.CSV",[44,127033,3007],{"class":62},[44,127035,127036],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127037,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,127039,127040,127042,127044,127046,127048,127050,127052,127054,127056,127058],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127041,136],{"class":135},[44,127043,121],{"class":58},[44,127045,126064],{"class":117},[44,127047,114],{"class":58},[44,127049,126069],{"class":117},[44,127051,121],{"class":58},[44,127053,63],{"class":62},[44,127055,126076],{"class":66},[44,127057,63],{"class":62},[44,127059,244],{"class":58},[44,127061,127062,127064,127066,127068,127070,127072,127074,127076,127079,127081],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,127063,136],{"class":135},[44,127065,121],{"class":58},[44,127067,126064],{"class":117},[44,127069,114],{"class":58},[44,127071,126069],{"class":117},[44,127073,121],{"class":58},[44,127075,63],{"class":62},[44,127077,127078],{"class":66},".CSV",[44,127080,63],{"class":62},[44,127082,244],{"class":58},[20,127084,247],{},[35,127086,127088],{"className":37,"code":127087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127089,127090,127094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127091,127092],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127093,3690],{"class":3502},[44,127095,127096],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127097,3629],{"class":3502},[20,127099,127100,127101,114],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[270,127102,127103],{"href":123690},[15,127104,123693],{},[35,127106,127108],{"className":37,"code":127107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127109,127110,127122],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127111,127112,127114,127116,127118,127120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127113,126046],{"class":50},[44,127115,55],{"class":54},[44,127117,75],{"class":62},[44,127119,127031],{"class":66},[44,127121,3007],{"class":62},[44,127123,127124,127126,127128,127130,127132,127134,127136,127138,127140,127142,127144,127146],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127125,136],{"class":135},[44,127127,121],{"class":58},[44,127129,126064],{"class":117},[44,127131,114],{"class":58},[44,127133,8289],{"class":117},[44,127135,8286],{"class":58},[44,127137,126069],{"class":117},[44,127139,121],{"class":58},[44,127141,63],{"class":62},[44,127143,126076],{"class":66},[44,127145,63],{"class":62},[44,127147,244],{"class":58},[20,127149,247],{},[35,127151,127152],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127153,127154],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127155,127156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127157,3629],{"class":3502},[30,127159,127161],{"id":127160},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127163,127164],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[35,127166,127168],{"className":37,"code":127167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127169,127170,127183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127171,127172,127174,127176,127178,127181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127173,126046],{"class":50},[44,127175,55],{"class":54},[44,127177,75],{"class":62},[44,127179,127180],{"class":66},"picture.gif",[44,127182,3007],{"class":62},[44,127184,127185,127187,127189,127191,127193,127195,127197,127199,127201,127203,127205,127207,127209,127211,127213,127215,127217,127219],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127186,136],{"class":135},[44,127188,121],{"class":58},[44,127190,126064],{"class":117},[44,127192,114],{"class":58},[44,127194,126069],{"class":117},[44,127196,5158],{"class":58},[44,127198,63],{"class":62},[44,127200,126454],{"class":66},[44,127202,63],{"class":62},[44,127204,72],{"class":58},[44,127206,75],{"class":62},[44,127208,126401],{"class":66},[44,127210,63],{"class":62},[44,127212,72],{"class":58},[44,127214,75],{"class":62},[44,127216,126471],{"class":66},[44,127218,63],{"class":62},[44,127220,2557],{"class":58},[20,127222,247],{},[35,127224,127225],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127226,127227],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127228,127229],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127230,3629],{"class":3502},[20,127232,127233],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127235,51716],{},[35,127237,127239],{"className":37,"code":127238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127240,127241,127254,127289,127293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127242,127243,127246,127248,127250,127252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127244,127245],{"class":50},"document ",[44,127247,55],{"class":54},[44,127249,75],{"class":62},[44,127251,86510],{"class":66},[44,127253,3007],{"class":62},[44,127255,127256,127259,127261,127263,127265,127267,127269,127271,127273,127276,127278,127280,127282,127285,127287],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127257,127258],{"class":50},"allowed ",[44,127260,55],{"class":54},[44,127262,59],{"class":58},[44,127264,63],{"class":62},[44,127266,126099],{"class":66},[44,127268,63],{"class":62},[44,127270,72],{"class":58},[44,127272,75],{"class":62},[44,127274,127275],{"class":66},".md",[44,127277,63],{"class":62},[44,127279,72],{"class":58},[44,127281,75],{"class":62},[44,127283,127284],{"class":66},".docx",[44,127286,63],{"class":62},[44,127288,100],{"class":58},[44,127290,127291],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127292,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,127294,127295,127297,127299,127302,127304,127306,127308,127311],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,127296,136],{"class":135},[44,127298,121],{"class":58},[44,127300,127301],{"class":117},"document",[44,127303,114],{"class":58},[44,127305,126069],{"class":117},[44,127307,121],{"class":58},[44,127309,127310],{"class":117},"allowed",[44,127312,244],{"class":58},[20,127314,247],{},[35,127316,127317],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127318,127319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127320,127321],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127322,3629],{"class":3502},[20,127324,127325,127326,114],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[270,127327,125963,127329,1180],{"href":127328},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127330,127331],{},"startswith()",[30,127333,1299],{"id":1298},[20,127335,8096,127336,114],{},[15,127337,126021],{},[338,127339,127341],{"id":127340},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127343,4175],{},[35,127345,127347],{"className":37,"code":127346,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127348,127349,127361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127350,127351,127353,127355,127357,127359],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127352,126046],{"class":50},[44,127354,55],{"class":54},[44,127356,75],{"class":62},[44,127358,126943],{"class":66},[44,127360,3007],{"class":62},[44,127362,127363],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127364,127365],{"class":147},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127367,127368],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[35,127370,127372],{"className":37,"code":127371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127373,127374,127386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127375,127376,127378,127380,127382,127384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127377,126046],{"class":50},[44,127379,55],{"class":54},[44,127381,75],{"class":62},[44,127383,126943],{"class":66},[44,127385,3007],{"class":62},[44,127387,127388,127390,127392,127394,127396,127398,127400,127402,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127389,136],{"class":135},[44,127391,121],{"class":58},[44,127393,126064],{"class":117},[44,127395,114],{"class":58},[44,127397,126069],{"class":117},[44,127399,5158],{"class":58},[44,127401,63],{"class":62},[44,127403,126454],{"class":66},[44,127405,63],{"class":62},[44,127407,72],{"class":58},[44,127409,75],{"class":62},[44,127411,126401],{"class":66},[44,127413,63],{"class":62},[44,127415,2557],{"class":58},[338,127417,127419],{"id":127418},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[35,127421,127423],{"className":37,"code":127422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127424,127425,127437],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127426,127427,127429,127431,127433,127435],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127428,126046],{"class":50},[44,127430,55],{"class":54},[44,127432,75],{"class":62},[44,127434,127031],{"class":66},[44,127436,3007],{"class":62},[44,127438,127439,127441,127443,127445,127447,127449,127451,127453,127455,127457],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127440,136],{"class":135},[44,127442,121],{"class":58},[44,127444,126064],{"class":117},[44,127446,114],{"class":58},[44,127448,126069],{"class":117},[44,127450,121],{"class":58},[44,127452,63],{"class":62},[44,127454,126076],{"class":66},[44,127456,63],{"class":62},[44,127458,244],{"class":58},[20,127460,247],{},[35,127462,127463],{"className":37,"code":3690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127464,127465],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127466,127467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127468,3690],{"class":3502},[20,127470,38899],{},[35,127472,127473],{"className":37,"code":127107,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127474,127475,127487],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127476,127477,127479,127481,127483,127485],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127478,126046],{"class":50},[44,127480,55],{"class":54},[44,127482,75],{"class":62},[44,127484,127031],{"class":66},[44,127486,3007],{"class":62},[44,127488,127489,127491,127493,127495,127497,127499,127501,127503,127505,127507,127509,127511],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127490,136],{"class":135},[44,127492,121],{"class":58},[44,127494,126064],{"class":117},[44,127496,114],{"class":58},[44,127498,8289],{"class":117},[44,127500,8286],{"class":58},[44,127502,126069],{"class":117},[44,127504,121],{"class":58},[44,127506,63],{"class":62},[44,127508,126076],{"class":66},[44,127510,63],{"class":62},[44,127512,244],{"class":58},[338,127514,1330,127516,8354,127518],{"id":127515},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127517,126021],{},[15,127519,1383],{},[20,127521,127522,127524],{},[15,127523,126021],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[35,127526,127528],{"className":37,"code":127527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127529,127530,127543,127547,127569],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127531,127532,127534,127536,127538,127541],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127533,34329],{"class":50},[44,127535,55],{"class":54},[44,127537,75],{"class":62},[44,127539,127540],{"class":66},"my_report.csv.backup",[44,127542,3007],{"class":62},[44,127544,127545],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127546,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,127548,127549,127551,127553,127555,127557,127559,127561,127563,127565,127567],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127550,136],{"class":135},[44,127552,121],{"class":58},[44,127554,34350],{"class":117},[44,127556,114],{"class":58},[44,127558,126069],{"class":117},[44,127560,121],{"class":58},[44,127562,63],{"class":62},[44,127564,126076],{"class":66},[44,127566,63],{"class":62},[44,127568,244],{"class":58},[44,127570,127571,127573,127575,127577,127579,127581,127583,127585],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,127572,136],{"class":135},[44,127574,121],{"class":58},[44,127576,63],{"class":62},[44,127578,126076],{"class":66},[44,127580,63],{"class":62},[44,127582,815],{"class":805},[44,127584,42478],{"class":117},[44,127586,100],{"class":58},[20,127588,247],{},[35,127590,127591],{"className":37,"code":127087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,127592,127593,127597],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127594,127595],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127596,3690],{"class":3502},[44,127598,127599],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127600,3629],{"class":3502},[338,127602,1312,127604,127606],{"id":127603},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127605,126021],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127608,127609,127611],{},[15,127610,126021],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[35,127613,127615],{"className":37,"code":127614,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127616,127617,127629,127651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127618,127619,127621,127623,127625,127627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127620,126046],{"class":50},[44,127622,55],{"class":54},[44,127624,75],{"class":62},[44,127626,126053],{"class":66},[44,127628,3007],{"class":62},[44,127630,127631,127633,127635,127637,127639,127641,127643,127645,127647,127649],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127632,136],{"class":135},[44,127634,121],{"class":58},[44,127636,126064],{"class":117},[44,127638,114],{"class":58},[44,127640,126069],{"class":117},[44,127642,121],{"class":58},[44,127644,63],{"class":62},[44,127646,126076],{"class":66},[44,127648,63],{"class":62},[44,127650,244],{"class":58},[44,127652,127653,127655,127657,127659],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127654,136],{"class":135},[44,127656,121],{"class":58},[44,127658,126064],{"class":117},[44,127660,100],{"class":58},[20,127662,247],{},[35,127664,127666],{"className":37,"code":127665,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127667,127668,127672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127669,127670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127671,3629],{"class":3502},[44,127673,127674,127677,127679],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127675,127676],{"class":50},"report",[44,127678,114],{"class":58},[44,127680,127681],{"class":24390},"csv\n",[20,127683,127684,127685,114],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[270,127686,127687],{"href":124131},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127689,65682],{},[169,127691,127692,127695,127698,127701],{},[172,127693,127694],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[172,127696,127697],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[172,127699,127700],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[172,127702,895,127703,44267,127705,2522,127707,111160],{},[15,127704,126021],{},[15,127706,124134],{},[15,127708,41289],{},[20,127710,29775],{},[35,127712,127714],{"className":37,"code":127713,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127715,127716,127726,127740,127762,127788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127717,127718,127720,127722,127724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127719,136],{"class":135},[44,127721,121],{"class":58},[44,127723,34350],{"class":117},[44,127725,100],{"class":58},[44,127727,127728,127730,127732,127734,127736,127738],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127729,136],{"class":135},[44,127731,121],{"class":58},[44,127733,41415],{"class":135},[44,127735,121],{"class":58},[44,127737,34350],{"class":117},[44,127739,244],{"class":58},[44,127741,127742,127744,127746,127748,127750,127752,127754,127756,127758,127760],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,127743,136],{"class":135},[44,127745,121],{"class":58},[44,127747,34350],{"class":117},[44,127749,114],{"class":58},[44,127751,126069],{"class":117},[44,127753,121],{"class":58},[44,127755,2948],{"class":62},[44,127757,126076],{"class":66},[44,127759,2948],{"class":62},[44,127761,244],{"class":58},[44,127763,127764,127766,127768,127770,127772,127774,127776,127778,127780,127782,127784,127786],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,127765,136],{"class":135},[44,127767,121],{"class":58},[44,127769,34350],{"class":117},[44,127771,114],{"class":58},[44,127773,8289],{"class":117},[44,127775,8286],{"class":58},[44,127777,126069],{"class":117},[44,127779,121],{"class":58},[44,127781,2948],{"class":62},[44,127783,126076],{"class":66},[44,127785,2948],{"class":62},[44,127787,244],{"class":58},[44,127789,127790,127792,127794,127796,127798,127800],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,127791,136],{"class":135},[44,127793,121],{"class":58},[44,127795,2868],{"class":2546},[44,127797,121],{"class":58},[44,127799,34350],{"class":117},[44,127801,244],{"class":58},[30,127803,1497],{"id":1496},[338,127805,12355,127807,127809],{"id":127806},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127808,126021],{}," change the string?",[20,127811,127812,127813,2522,127815,114],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127814,3254],{},[15,127816,3324],{},[338,127818,4818,127820,127822],{"id":127819},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127821,126021],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127824,127825,127826,114],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127827,127828],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[338,127830,1540,127832,124299],{"id":127831},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127833,126021],{},[20,127835,127836,127837,2522,127839,127842],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127838,123693],{},[15,127840,127841],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[338,127844,4828,127846,898,127848,1547],{"id":127845},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127847,126021],{},[15,127849,123958],{},[20,127851,127852,127854,127855,127857],{},[15,127853,126021],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127856,123958],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[30,127859,1554],{"id":1553},[169,127861,127862,127868,127874,127878,127882],{},[172,127863,127864],{},[270,127865,125963,127866,1180],{"href":127328},[15,127867,127331],{},[172,127869,127870],{},[270,127871,125963,127872,1180],{"href":123690},[15,127873,123693],{},[172,127875,127876],{},[270,127877,124362],{"href":123218},[172,127879,127880],{},[270,127881,124369],{"href":124131},[172,127883,127884],{},[270,127885,124718],{"href":50611},[1583,127887,127888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":127890},[127891,127892,127894,127895,127900,127901,127907,127908,127909,127917,127927],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":126129,"depth":103,"text":127893},"What endswith() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":126344,"depth":103,"text":126345,"children":127896},[127897,127898,127899],{"id":126258,"depth":132,"text":126258},{"id":353,"depth":132,"text":353},{"id":359,"depth":132,"text":359},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":126757,"depth":103,"text":126758,"children":127902},[127903,127904,127905,127906],{"id":126761,"depth":132,"text":126762},{"id":126815,"depth":132,"text":126816},{"id":126872,"depth":132,"text":126873},{"id":126926,"depth":132,"text":126927},{"id":123609,"depth":103,"text":123610},{"id":127160,"depth":103,"text":127161},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":127910},[127911,127912,127913,127915],{"id":127340,"depth":132,"text":127341},{"id":127418,"depth":132,"text":127419},{"id":127515,"depth":132,"text":127914},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127603,"depth":132,"text":127916},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":127918},[127919,127921,127923,127925],{"id":127806,"depth":132,"text":127920},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127819,"depth":132,"text":127922},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127831,"depth":132,"text":127924},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127845,"depth":132,"text":127926},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126013,"description":127928},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127935,"title":127936,"body":127937,"description":129603,"extension":1616,"meta":129604,"navigation":434,"path":129605,"seo":129606,"stem":129607,"__hash__":129608},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127938,"toc":129576},[127939,127944,127949,127954,127959,128052,128062,128067,128072,128086,128088,128170,128178,128180,128182,128209,128211,128227,128234,128236,128344,128346,128351,128367,128369,128464,128472,128475,128481,128486,128491,128498,128637,128640,128653,128655,128659,128666,128736,128739,128788,128795,128802,128816,128821,128826,128872,128918,128934,128936,128941,128955,128958,129080,129085,129087,129092,129125,129128,129204,129206,129215,129229,129231,129315,129318,129429,129432,129460,129462,129469,129473,129479,129482,129488,129491,129498,129509,129515,129522,129524,129573],[10,127940,122963,127942,18],{"id":127941},"python-string-find-method",[15,127943,123958],{},[20,127945,122968,127946,127948],{},[15,127947,123958],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127950,127951,127952,114],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127953,65473],{},[20,127955,651,127956,127958],{},[15,127957,123958],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[35,127960,127962],{"className":37,"code":127961,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127963,127964,127976,127999,128012,128016,128039],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,127965,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,127967,34329],{"class":50},[44,127969,55],{"class":54},[44,127971,75],{"class":62},[44,127973,60039],{"class":66},[44,127975,3007],{"class":62},[44,127977,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986,127989,127991,127993,127995,127997],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,127979,106],{"class":50},[44,127981,55],{"class":54},[44,127983,42478],{"class":50},[44,127985,114],{"class":58},[44,127987,127988],{"class":117},"find",[44,127990,121],{"class":58},[44,127992,63],{"class":62},[44,127994,60224],{"class":66},[44,127996,63],{"class":62},[44,127998,100],{"class":58},[44,128000,128001,128003,128005,128007,128009],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128002,136],{"class":135},[44,128004,121],{"class":58},[44,128006,141],{"class":117},[44,128008,144],{"class":58},[44,128010,128011],{"class":147},"   # 6\n",[44,128013,128014],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,128015,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128017,128018,128021,128023,128025,128027,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,128019,128020],{"class":50},"missing ",[44,128022,55],{"class":54},[44,128024,42478],{"class":50},[44,128026,114],{"class":58},[44,128028,127988],{"class":117},[44,128030,121],{"class":58},[44,128032,63],{"class":62},[44,128034,39],{"class":66},[44,128036,63],{"class":62},[44,128038,100],{"class":58},[44,128040,128041,128043,128045,128047,128049],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,128042,136],{"class":135},[44,128044,121],{"class":58},[44,128046,26413],{"class":117},[44,128048,144],{"class":58},[44,128050,128051],{"class":147},"    # -1\n",[43217,128053,128054],{},[20,128055,651,128056,128058,128059,128061],{},[15,128057,123958],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128060,65473],{}," if the substring is not found.",[30,128063,158,128065,161],{"id":128064},"what-find-does",[15,128066,123958],{},[20,128068,128069,128071],{},[15,128070,123958],{}," is a string method that:",[169,128073,128074,128077,128079,128084],{},[172,128075,128076],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[172,128078,177],{},[172,128080,11072,128081,128083],{},[15,128082,65473],{}," if no match is found",[172,128085,126149],{},[20,128087,189],{},[35,128089,128091],{"className":37,"code":128090,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128092,128093,128105,128109,128133,128157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128094,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128096,34329],{"class":50},[44,128098,55],{"class":54},[44,128100,75],{"class":62},[44,128102,1218],{"class":66},[44,128104,3007],{"class":62},[44,128106,128107],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128108,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128110,128111,128113,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128112,136],{"class":135},[44,128114,121],{"class":58},[44,128116,34350],{"class":117},[44,128118,114],{"class":58},[44,128120,127988],{"class":117},[44,128122,121],{"class":58},[44,128124,63],{"class":62},[44,128126,123056],{"class":66},[44,128128,63],{"class":62},[44,128130,459],{"class":58},[44,128132,57280],{"class":147},[44,128134,128135,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149,128151,128153,128155],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,128136,136],{"class":135},[44,128138,121],{"class":58},[44,128140,34350],{"class":117},[44,128142,114],{"class":58},[44,128144,127988],{"class":117},[44,128146,121],{"class":58},[44,128148,63],{"class":62},[44,128150,1823],{"class":66},[44,128152,63],{"class":62},[44,128154,459],{"class":58},[44,128156,128051],{"class":147},[44,128158,128159,128161,128163,128165,128167],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,128160,136],{"class":135},[44,128162,121],{"class":58},[44,128164,34350],{"class":117},[44,128166,144],{"class":58},[44,128168,128169],{"class":147},"              # banana\n",[20,128171,20413,128172,128175,128176,114],{},[15,128173,128174],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128177,1137],{},[30,128179,277],{"id":276},[20,128181,1809],{},[35,128183,128185],{"className":37,"code":128184,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128186,128187],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128188,128189,128191,128193,128195,128197,128199,128201,128203,128205,128207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128190,60805],{"class":50},[44,128192,114],{"class":58},[44,128194,127988],{"class":117},[44,128196,121],{"class":58},[44,128198,302],{"class":117},[44,128200,72],{"class":58},[44,128202,329],{"class":117},[44,128204,72],{"class":58},[44,128206,334],{"class":117},[44,128208,100],{"class":58},[338,128210,341],{"id":340},[169,128212,128213,128217,128222],{},[172,128214,128215,123155],{},[15,128216,302],{},[172,128218,128219,128221],{},[15,128220,353],{},": optional starting position",[172,128223,128224,128226],{},[15,128225,359],{},": optional ending position",[20,128228,128229,898,128231,128233],{},[15,128230,353],{},[15,128232,359],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128235,126292],{},[35,128237,128239],{"className":37,"code":128238,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128240,128241,128253,128257,128282,128311],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128242,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128244,34329],{"class":50},[44,128246,55],{"class":54},[44,128248,75],{"class":62},[44,128250,60039],{"class":66},[44,128252,3007],{"class":62},[44,128254,128255],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128256,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128258,128259,128261,128263,128265,128267,128269,128271,128273,128275,128277,128279],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128260,136],{"class":135},[44,128262,121],{"class":58},[44,128264,34350],{"class":117},[44,128266,114],{"class":58},[44,128268,127988],{"class":117},[44,128270,121],{"class":58},[44,128272,63],{"class":62},[44,128274,60106],{"class":66},[44,128276,63],{"class":62},[44,128278,459],{"class":58},[44,128280,128281],{"class":147},"        # 4\n",[44,128283,128284,128286,128288,128290,128292,128294,128296,128298,128300,128302,128304,128306,128308],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,128285,136],{"class":135},[44,128287,121],{"class":58},[44,128289,34350],{"class":117},[44,128291,114],{"class":58},[44,128293,127988],{"class":117},[44,128295,121],{"class":58},[44,128297,63],{"class":62},[44,128299,60106],{"class":66},[44,128301,63],{"class":62},[44,128303,72],{"class":58},[44,128305,939],{"class":206},[44,128307,459],{"class":58},[44,128309,128310],{"class":147},"     # 7\n",[44,128312,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323,128325,128327,128329,128331,128333,128335,128337,128339,128341],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,128314,136],{"class":135},[44,128316,121],{"class":58},[44,128318,34350],{"class":117},[44,128320,114],{"class":58},[44,128322,127988],{"class":117},[44,128324,121],{"class":58},[44,128326,63],{"class":62},[44,128328,60106],{"class":66},[44,128330,63],{"class":62},[44,128332,72],{"class":58},[44,128334,939],{"class":206},[44,128336,72],{"class":58},[44,128338,5642],{"class":206},[44,128340,459],{"class":58},[44,128342,128343],{"class":147},"  # -1\n",[30,128345,37657],{"id":37656},[20,128347,57179,128348,128350],{},[15,128349,123958],{}," is always an integer.",[169,128352,128353,128359,128362],{},[172,128354,128355,128356,128358],{},"A number ",[15,128357,186],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[172,128360,128361],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[172,128363,128364,128366],{},[15,128365,65473],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128368,189],{},[35,128370,128372],{"className":37,"code":128371,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128373,128374,128386,128390,128415,128440],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128375,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128377,34329],{"class":50},[44,128379,55],{"class":54},[44,128381,75],{"class":62},[44,128383,39],{"class":66},[44,128385,3007],{"class":62},[44,128387,128388],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128389,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128391,128392,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128409,128411,128413],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128393,136],{"class":135},[44,128395,121],{"class":58},[44,128397,34350],{"class":117},[44,128399,114],{"class":58},[44,128401,127988],{"class":117},[44,128403,121],{"class":58},[44,128405,63],{"class":62},[44,128407,128408],{"class":66},"py",[44,128410,63],{"class":62},[44,128412,459],{"class":58},[44,128414,20410],{"class":147},[44,128416,128417,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431,128434,128436,128438],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,128418,136],{"class":135},[44,128420,121],{"class":58},[44,128422,34350],{"class":117},[44,128424,114],{"class":58},[44,128426,127988],{"class":117},[44,128428,121],{"class":58},[44,128430,63],{"class":62},[44,128432,128433],{"class":66},"th",[44,128435,63],{"class":62},[44,128437,459],{"class":58},[44,128439,57280],{"class":147},[44,128441,128442,128444,128446,128448,128450,128452,128454,128456,128458,128460,128462],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,128443,136],{"class":135},[44,128445,121],{"class":58},[44,128447,34350],{"class":117},[44,128449,114],{"class":58},[44,128451,127988],{"class":117},[44,128453,121],{"class":58},[44,128455,63],{"class":62},[44,128457,21717],{"class":66},[44,128459,63],{"class":62},[44,128461,459],{"class":58},[44,128463,128051],{"class":147},[20,128465,89525,128466,8104,128468,2522,128470,114],{},[15,128467,123958],{},[15,128469,3254],{},[15,128471,3324],{},[20,128473,128474],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[30,128476,895,128477,898,128479],{"id":894},[15,128478,353],{},[15,128480,359],{},[20,128482,651,128483,128485],{},[15,128484,353],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128487,651,128488,128490],{},[15,128489,359],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128492,164,128493,75079,128495,128497],{},[15,128494,359],{},[367,128496,369],{}," in the search.",[35,128499,128501],{"className":37,"code":128500,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128502,128503,128516,128520,128544,128573,128605],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128504,128505,128507,128509,128511,128514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128506,34329],{"class":50},[44,128508,55],{"class":54},[44,128510,75],{"class":62},[44,128512,128513],{"class":66},"one two three two",[44,128515,3007],{"class":62},[44,128517,128518],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128519,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128521,128522,128524,128526,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128523,136],{"class":135},[44,128525,121],{"class":58},[44,128527,34350],{"class":117},[44,128529,114],{"class":58},[44,128531,127988],{"class":117},[44,128533,121],{"class":58},[44,128535,63],{"class":62},[44,128537,78887],{"class":66},[44,128539,63],{"class":62},[44,128541,459],{"class":58},[44,128543,128281],{"class":147},[44,128545,128546,128548,128550,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,128547,136],{"class":135},[44,128549,121],{"class":58},[44,128551,34350],{"class":117},[44,128553,114],{"class":58},[44,128555,127988],{"class":117},[44,128557,121],{"class":58},[44,128559,63],{"class":62},[44,128561,78887],{"class":66},[44,128563,63],{"class":62},[44,128565,72],{"class":58},[44,128567,939],{"class":206},[44,128569,459],{"class":58},[44,128571,128572],{"class":147},"     # 14\n",[44,128574,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585,128587,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,128576,136],{"class":135},[44,128578,121],{"class":58},[44,128580,34350],{"class":117},[44,128582,114],{"class":58},[44,128584,127988],{"class":117},[44,128586,121],{"class":58},[44,128588,63],{"class":62},[44,128590,78887],{"class":66},[44,128592,63],{"class":62},[44,128594,72],{"class":58},[44,128596,3483],{"class":206},[44,128598,72],{"class":58},[44,128600,5642],{"class":206},[44,128602,459],{"class":58},[44,128604,1029],{"class":147},[44,128606,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617,128619,128621,128623,128625,128627,128629,128631,128633,128635],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,128608,136],{"class":135},[44,128610,121],{"class":58},[44,128612,34350],{"class":117},[44,128614,114],{"class":58},[44,128616,127988],{"class":117},[44,128618,121],{"class":58},[44,128620,63],{"class":62},[44,128622,78887],{"class":66},[44,128624,63],{"class":62},[44,128626,72],{"class":58},[44,128628,3483],{"class":206},[44,128630,72],{"class":58},[44,128632,1114],{"class":206},[44,128634,459],{"class":58},[44,128636,128343],{"class":147},[20,128638,128639],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128641,128642,128643,54705,128647,114],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[270,128644,128646],{"href":128645},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[270,128648,128650,128652],{"href":128649},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128651,60164],{}," string method",[30,128654,123610],{"id":123609},[20,128656,128657,123421],{},[15,128658,123958],{},[20,128660,127008,128661,898,128663,128665],{},[15,128662,90033],{},[15,128664,64166],{}," are treated as different text.",[35,128667,128669],{"className":37,"code":128668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128670,128671,128684,128688,128712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128672,128673,128675,128677,128679,128682],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128674,34329],{"class":50},[44,128676,55],{"class":54},[44,128678,75],{"class":62},[44,128680,128681],{"class":66},"Hello World",[44,128683,3007],{"class":62},[44,128685,128686],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128687,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128689,128690,128692,128694,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128691,136],{"class":135},[44,128693,121],{"class":58},[44,128695,34350],{"class":117},[44,128697,114],{"class":58},[44,128699,127988],{"class":117},[44,128701,121],{"class":58},[44,128703,63],{"class":62},[44,128705,34509],{"class":66},[44,128707,63],{"class":62},[44,128709,459],{"class":58},[44,128711,50883],{"class":147},[44,128713,128714,128716,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,128715,136],{"class":135},[44,128717,121],{"class":58},[44,128719,34350],{"class":117},[44,128721,114],{"class":58},[44,128723,127988],{"class":117},[44,128725,121],{"class":58},[44,128727,63],{"class":62},[44,128729,3495],{"class":66},[44,128731,63],{"class":62},[44,128733,459],{"class":58},[44,128735,128343],{"class":147},[20,128737,128738],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[35,128740,128742],{"className":37,"code":128741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128743,128744,128756,128760],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128745,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128747,34329],{"class":50},[44,128749,55],{"class":54},[44,128751,75],{"class":62},[44,128753,128681],{"class":66},[44,128755,3007],{"class":62},[44,128757,128758],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128759,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128761,128762,128764,128766,128768,128770,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128763,136],{"class":135},[44,128765,121],{"class":58},[44,128767,34350],{"class":117},[44,128769,114],{"class":58},[44,128771,8289],{"class":117},[44,128773,8286],{"class":58},[44,128775,127988],{"class":117},[44,128777,121],{"class":58},[44,128779,63],{"class":62},[44,128781,3495],{"class":66},[44,128783,63],{"class":62},[44,128785,459],{"class":58},[44,128787,50883],{"class":147},[30,128789,128791,10236,128793],{"id":128790},"find-vs-index",[15,128792,123958],{},[15,128794,17],{},[20,128796,128797,898,128799,128801],{},[15,128798,123958],{},[15,128800,17],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[169,128803,128804,128810],{},[172,128805,128806,2044,128808],{},[15,128807,123958],{},[15,128809,65473],{},[172,128811,128812,52131,128814],{},[15,128813,17],{},[15,128815,686],{},[20,128817,651,128818,128820],{},[15,128819,123958],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128822,651,128823,128825],{},[15,128824,17],{}," when the value must exist.",[35,128827,128829],{"className":37,"code":128828,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128830,128831,128843,128847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128832,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128834,34329],{"class":50},[44,128836,55],{"class":54},[44,128838,75],{"class":62},[44,128840,3495],{"class":66},[44,128842,3007],{"class":62},[44,128844,128845],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128846,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128848,128849,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128850,136],{"class":135},[44,128852,121],{"class":58},[44,128854,34350],{"class":117},[44,128856,114],{"class":58},[44,128858,127988],{"class":117},[44,128860,121],{"class":58},[44,128862,63],{"class":62},[44,128864,1823],{"class":66},[44,128866,63],{"class":62},[44,128868,459],{"class":58},[44,128870,128871],{"class":147},"   # -1\n",[35,128873,128875],{"className":37,"code":128874,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128876,128877,128889,128893],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128878,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128880,34329],{"class":50},[44,128882,55],{"class":54},[44,128884,75],{"class":62},[44,128886,3495],{"class":66},[44,128888,3007],{"class":62},[44,128890,128891],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128892,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,128894,128895,128897,128899,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,128896,136],{"class":135},[44,128898,121],{"class":58},[44,128900,34350],{"class":117},[44,128902,114],{"class":58},[44,128904,118],{"class":117},[44,128906,121],{"class":58},[44,128908,63],{"class":62},[44,128910,1823],{"class":66},[44,128912,63],{"class":62},[44,128914,459],{"class":58},[44,128916,128917],{"class":147},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128919,128920,128921,128925,128926,128928,128929,114],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[270,128922,128923,128652],{"href":123983},[15,128924,17],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128927,17],{},", read ",[270,128930,25319,128931],{"href":73099},[15,128932,128933],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[30,128935,40682],{"id":40681},[20,128937,35048,128938,128940],{},[15,128939,123958],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[169,128942,128943,128946,128949,128952],{},[172,128944,128945],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[172,128947,128948],{},"Get the position of a word",[172,128950,128951],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[172,128953,128954],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128956,128957],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[35,128959,128961],{"className":37,"code":128960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128962,128963,128976,128999,129003,129018,129034,129053,129067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,128964,128965,128967,128969,128971,128974],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,128966,34329],{"class":50},[44,128968,55],{"class":54},[44,128970,75],{"class":62},[44,128972,128973],{"class":66},"name:Alice",[44,128975,3007],{"class":62},[44,128977,128978,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,128979,128980],{"class":50},"colon_pos ",[44,128982,55],{"class":54},[44,128984,42478],{"class":50},[44,128986,114],{"class":58},[44,128988,127988],{"class":117},[44,128990,121],{"class":58},[44,128992,63],{"class":62},[44,128994,1155],{"class":66},[44,128996,63],{"class":62},[44,128998,100],{"class":58},[44,129000,129001],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129002,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,129004,129005,129007,129010,129012,129014,129016],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,129006,806],{"class":805},[44,129008,129009],{"class":50}," colon_pos ",[44,129011,72209],{"class":54},[44,129013,1870],{"class":54},[44,129015,1133],{"class":206},[44,129017,820],{"class":58},[44,129019,129020,129023,129025,129027,129029,129032],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,129021,129022],{"class":50},"    label ",[44,129024,55],{"class":54},[44,129026,42478],{"class":50},[44,129028,75152],{"class":58},[44,129030,129031],{"class":50},"colon_pos",[44,129033,3286],{"class":58},[44,129035,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,129037,27041],{"class":50},[44,129039,55],{"class":54},[44,129041,42478],{"class":50},[44,129043,1271],{"class":58},[44,129045,128980],{"class":50},[44,129047,1711],{"class":54},[44,129049,519],{"class":206},[44,129051,129052],{"class":58},":]\n",[44,129054,129055,129057,129059,129062,129064],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,129056,825],{"class":135},[44,129058,121],{"class":58},[44,129060,129061],{"class":117},"label",[44,129063,144],{"class":58},[44,129065,129066],{"class":147},"  # name\n",[44,129068,129069,129071,129073,129075,129077],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,129070,825],{"class":135},[44,129072,121],{"class":58},[44,129074,302],{"class":117},[44,129076,144],{"class":58},[44,129078,129079],{"class":147},"  # Alice\n",[20,129081,129082,129083,114],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[270,129084,126999],{"href":123218},[30,129086,1299],{"id":1298},[20,129088,129089,129090,1155],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129091,123958],{},[169,129093,129094,129103,129109,129114,129120],{},[172,129095,1312,129096,8104,129098,2522,129100,129102],{},[15,129097,123958],{},[15,129099,3254],{},[15,129101,3324],{}," instead of an index",[172,129104,129105,129106,129108],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129107,65473],{}," when the substring is missing",[172,129110,895,129111,129113],{},[15,129112,123958],{}," without handling case differences",[172,129115,1330,129116,8354,129118],{},[15,129117,123958],{},[15,129119,17],{},[172,129121,4229,129122,129124],{},[15,129123,123958],{}," changes the string",[20,129126,129127],{},"Example of a mistake:",[35,129129,129131],{"className":37,"code":129130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129132,129133,129145,129149,129169,129184,129190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129134,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129136,34329],{"class":50},[44,129138,55],{"class":54},[44,129140,75],{"class":62},[44,129142,3495],{"class":66},[44,129144,3007],{"class":62},[44,129146,129147],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,129148,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,129150,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129152,806],{"class":805},[44,129154,42478],{"class":50},[44,129156,114],{"class":58},[44,129158,127988],{"class":117},[44,129160,121],{"class":58},[44,129162,63],{"class":62},[44,129164,60071],{"class":66},[44,129166,63],{"class":62},[44,129168,7991],{"class":58},[44,129170,129171,129173,129175,129177,129180,129182],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,129172,825],{"class":135},[44,129174,121],{"class":58},[44,129176,63],{"class":62},[44,129178,129179],{"class":66},"Found",[44,129181,63],{"class":62},[44,129183,100],{"class":58},[44,129185,129186,129188],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,129187,848],{"class":805},[44,129189,820],{"class":58},[44,129191,129192,129194,129196,129198,129200,129202],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,129193,825],{"class":135},[44,129195,121],{"class":58},[44,129197,63],{"class":62},[44,129199,25955],{"class":66},[44,129201,63],{"class":62},[44,129203,100],{"class":58},[20,129205,99530],{},[35,129207,129209],{"className":37,"code":129208,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Not found\n",[15,129210,129211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129212,129213],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129214,129208],{"class":50},[20,129216,45341,129217,129220,129221,1138,129223,129225,129226,129228],{},[15,129218,129219],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129222,186],{},[15,129224,186],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129227,806],{}," statement.",[20,129230,1437],{},[35,129232,129234],{"className":37,"code":129233,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129235,129236,129248,129252,129281,129295,129301],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129237,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129239,34329],{"class":50},[44,129241,55],{"class":54},[44,129243,75],{"class":62},[44,129245,3495],{"class":66},[44,129247,3007],{"class":62},[44,129249,129250],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,129251,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,129253,129254,129256,129258,129260,129262,129264,129266,129268,129270,129272,129275,129277,129279],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129255,806],{"class":805},[44,129257,42478],{"class":50},[44,129259,114],{"class":58},[44,129261,127988],{"class":117},[44,129263,121],{"class":58},[44,129265,63],{"class":62},[44,129267,60071],{"class":66},[44,129269,63],{"class":62},[44,129271,144],{"class":58},[44,129273,129274],{"class":54}," !=",[44,129276,1870],{"class":54},[44,129278,1133],{"class":206},[44,129280,820],{"class":58},[44,129282,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291,129293],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,129284,825],{"class":135},[44,129286,121],{"class":58},[44,129288,63],{"class":62},[44,129290,129179],{"class":66},[44,129292,63],{"class":62},[44,129294,100],{"class":58},[44,129296,129297,129299],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,129298,848],{"class":805},[44,129300,820],{"class":58},[44,129302,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,129304,825],{"class":135},[44,129306,121],{"class":58},[44,129308,63],{"class":62},[44,129310,25955],{"class":66},[44,129312,63],{"class":62},[44,129314,100],{"class":58},[20,129316,129317],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[35,129319,129321],{"className":37,"code":129320,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129322,129323,129345,129359,129385,129399],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129324,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335,129337,129339,129341,129343],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129326,136],{"class":135},[44,129328,121],{"class":58},[44,129330,34350],{"class":117},[44,129332,114],{"class":58},[44,129334,127988],{"class":117},[44,129336,121],{"class":58},[44,129338,2948],{"class":62},[44,129340,38028],{"class":66},[44,129342,2948],{"class":62},[44,129344,244],{"class":58},[44,129346,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,129348,136],{"class":135},[44,129350,121],{"class":58},[44,129352,41415],{"class":135},[44,129354,121],{"class":58},[44,129356,34350],{"class":117},[44,129358,244],{"class":58},[44,129360,129361,129363,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375,129377,129379,129381,129383],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129362,136],{"class":135},[44,129364,121],{"class":58},[44,129366,34350],{"class":117},[44,129368,114],{"class":58},[44,129370,8289],{"class":117},[44,129372,8286],{"class":58},[44,129374,127988],{"class":117},[44,129376,121],{"class":58},[44,129378,2948],{"class":62},[44,129380,38028],{"class":66},[44,129382,2948],{"class":62},[44,129384,244],{"class":58},[44,129386,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,129388,136],{"class":135},[44,129390,121],{"class":58},[44,129392,1365],{"class":135},[44,129394,121],{"class":58},[44,129396,34350],{"class":117},[44,129398,244],{"class":58},[44,129400,129401,129403,129405,129407,129409,129411,129413,129415,129417,129419,129421,129423,129425,129427],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,129402,136],{"class":135},[44,129404,121],{"class":58},[44,129406,34350],{"class":117},[44,129408,114],{"class":58},[44,129410,127988],{"class":117},[44,129412,121],{"class":58},[44,129414,2948],{"class":62},[44,129416,38028],{"class":66},[44,129418,2948],{"class":62},[44,129420,72],{"class":58},[44,129422,329],{"class":117},[44,129424,72],{"class":58},[44,129426,334],{"class":117},[44,129428,244],{"class":58},[20,129430,129431],{},"These help you check:",[169,129433,129434,129439,129444,129449,129452],{},[172,129435,129436,129437],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129438,123958],{},[172,129440,129441,129442],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129443,122177],{},[172,129445,129446,129447],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129448,123693],{},[172,129450,129451],{},"The string length",[172,129453,129454,129455,898,129457,129459],{},"Whether your ",[15,129456,353],{},[15,129458,359],{}," values are correct",[30,129461,1497],{"id":1496},[338,129463,129465,129466,129468],{"id":129464},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129467,123958],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129470,4796,129471,114],{},[15,129472,65473],{},[338,129474,12355,129476,129478],{"id":129475},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129477,123958],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129480,129481],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[338,129483,129485,129486,124299],{"id":129484},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129487,123958],{},[20,129489,129490],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[338,129492,4828,129494,898,129496,69272],{"id":129493},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129495,123958],{},[15,129497,17],{},[20,129499,129500,2044,129502,129504,129505,52131,129507,114],{},[15,129501,123958],{},[15,129503,65473],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129506,17],{},[15,129508,686],{},[338,129510,27967,129512,129514],{"id":129511},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129513,123958],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129516,129517,129518,898,129520,65771],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129519,353],{},[15,129521,359],{},[30,129523,1554],{"id":1553},[169,129525,129526,129532,129538,129545,129551,129558,129562,129567],{},[172,129527,129528],{},[270,129529,125963,129530,1180],{"href":123983},[15,129531,17],{},[172,129533,129534],{},[270,129535,125963,129536,1180],{"href":128649},[15,129537,60164],{},[172,129539,129540],{},[270,129541,125963,129543,1180],{"href":129542},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129544,124134],{},[172,129546,129547],{},[270,129548,125963,129549,1180],{"href":127328},[15,129550,127331],{},[172,129552,129553],{},[270,129554,125963,129556,1180],{"href":129555},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129557,126021],{},[172,129559,129560],{},[270,129561,124362],{"href":123218},[172,129563,129564],{},[270,129565,129566],{"href":128645},"How to split a string in Python",[172,129568,129569],{},[270,129570,25762,129571],{"href":73099},[15,129572,128933],{},[1583,129574,129575],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":129577},[129578,129580,129583,129584,129585,129586,129588,129589,129590,129602],{"id":128064,"depth":103,"text":129579},"What find() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":129581},[129582],{"id":340,"depth":132,"text":341},{"id":37656,"depth":103,"text":37657},{"id":894,"depth":103,"text":1598},{"id":123609,"depth":103,"text":123610},{"id":128790,"depth":103,"text":129587},"find() vs index()",{"id":40681,"depth":103,"text":40682},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":129591},[129592,129594,129596,129598,129600],{"id":129464,"depth":132,"text":129593},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129475,"depth":132,"text":129595},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129484,"depth":132,"text":129597},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129493,"depth":132,"text":129599},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129511,"depth":132,"text":129601},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127936,"description":129603},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129610,"title":129611,"body":129612,"description":131538,"extension":1616,"meta":131539,"navigation":434,"path":131540,"seo":131541,"stem":131542,"__hash__":131543},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129613,"toc":131506},[129614,129619,129624,129627,129629,129705,129709,129737,129745,129749,129754,129758,129775,129777,129844,129848,129870,129878,129880,129883,129907,129910,129924,129926,130011,130015,130027,130030,130034,130040,130090,130094,130111,130120,130123,130131,130134,130183,130187,130212,130215,130270,130274,130286,130292,130296,130302,130307,130374,130378,130404,130407,130418,130420,130487,130491,130516,130523,130527,130532,130539,130547,130549,130601,130605,130623,130625,130670,130674,130689,130692,130702,130709,130711,130715,130718,130729,130731,130791,130795,130823,130826,130832,130837,130840,130844,130888,130891,130929,130932,130940,130942,130947,130951,130954,131002,131005,131008,131064,131068,131073,131076,131125,131127,131176,131182,131187,131189,131236,131240,131253,131255,131306,131312,131315,131319,131322,131328,131333,131335,131338,131410,131413,131430,131432,131437,131440,131444,131450,131456,131463,131469,131475,131477,131503],[10,129615,122963,129617,18],{"id":129616},"python-string-format-method",[15,129618,125966],{},[20,129620,122968,129621,129623],{},[15,129622,125966],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129625,129626],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[30,129628,33],{"id":32},[35,129630,129632],{"className":37,"code":129631,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129633,129634,129646,129654,129658,129695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129635,129636,129638,129640,129642,129644],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129637,7525],{"class":50},[44,129639,55],{"class":54},[44,129641,75],{"class":62},[44,129643,11158],{"class":66},[44,129645,3007],{"class":62},[44,129647,129648,129650,129652],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,129649,21268],{"class":50},[44,129651,55],{"class":54},[44,129653,88414],{"class":206},[44,129655,129656],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129657,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,129659,129660,129662,129664,129666,129669,129671,129674,129676,129678,129680,129682,129685,129687,129689,129691,129693],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,129661,89622],{"class":50},[44,129663,55],{"class":54},[44,129665,75],{"class":62},[44,129667,129668],{"class":66},"My name is ",[44,129670,3442],{"class":206},[44,129672,129673],{"class":66}," and I am ",[44,129675,3442],{"class":206},[44,129677,121959],{"class":66},[44,129679,63],{"class":62},[44,129681,114],{"class":58},[44,129683,129684],{"class":117},"format",[44,129686,121],{"class":58},[44,129688,7318],{"class":117},[44,129690,72],{"class":58},[44,129692,8839],{"class":117},[44,129694,100],{"class":58},[44,129696,129697,129699,129701,129703],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,129698,136],{"class":135},[44,129700,121],{"class":58},[44,129702,89639],{"class":117},[44,129704,100],{"class":58},[20,129706,129707],{},[367,129708,247],{},[35,129710,129712],{"className":37,"code":129711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129713,129714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129715,129716,129719,129721,129724,129727,129730,129733,129735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129717,129718],{"class":50},"My name ",[44,129720,11844],{"class":54},[44,129722,129723],{"class":50}," Maya ",[44,129725,129726],{"class":54},"and",[44,129728,129729],{"class":50}," I am ",[44,129731,129732],{"class":206},"12",[44,129734,121992],{"class":50},[44,129736,121995],{"class":58},[20,129738,651,129739,129741,129742,129744],{},[15,129740,3442],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129743,125966],{}," in the same order.",[20,129746,124715,129747,114],{},[270,129748,124718],{"href":50611},[30,129750,12647,129752,12650],{"id":129751},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129753,125966],{},[20,129755,164,129756,167],{},[15,129757,125966],{},[169,129759,129760,129763,129769,129772],{},[172,129761,129762],{},"inserts values into a string",[172,129764,129765,129766,129768],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129767,3442],{}," with given values",[172,129770,129771],{},"returns a new string",[172,129773,129774],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129776,189],{},[35,129778,129780],{"className":37,"code":129779,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129781,129782,129796,129819,129823,129834],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129783,129784,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129785,34329],{"class":50},[44,129787,55],{"class":54},[44,129789,75],{"class":62},[44,129791,44539],{"class":66},[44,129793,3442],{"class":206},[44,129795,3007],{"class":62},[44,129797,129798,129801,129803,129805,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129817],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,129799,129800],{"class":50},"new_text ",[44,129802,55],{"class":54},[44,129804,42478],{"class":50},[44,129806,114],{"class":58},[44,129808,129684],{"class":117},[44,129810,121],{"class":58},[44,129812,63],{"class":62},[44,129814,7327],{"class":66},[44,129816,63],{"class":62},[44,129818,100],{"class":58},[44,129820,129821],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129822,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,129824,129825,129827,129829,129832],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,129826,136],{"class":135},[44,129828,121],{"class":58},[44,129830,129831],{"class":117},"new_text",[44,129833,100],{"class":58},[44,129835,129836,129838,129840,129842],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,129837,136],{"class":135},[44,129839,121],{"class":58},[44,129841,34350],{"class":117},[44,129843,100],{"class":58},[20,129845,129846],{},[367,129847,247],{},[35,129849,129851],{"className":37,"code":129850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129852,129853,129862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129854,129855,129857,129859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129856,34509],{"class":50},[44,129858,72],{"class":58},[44,129860,129861],{"class":50}," Sam\n",[44,129863,129864,129866,129868],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,129865,34509],{"class":50},[44,129867,72],{"class":58},[44,129869,9488],{"class":58},[20,129871,1933,129872,129874,129875,129877],{},[15,129873,34350],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129876,125966],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[30,129879,277],{"id":276},[20,129881,129882],{},"The general form is:",[35,129884,129886],{"className":37,"code":129885,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129887,129888],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129889,129890,129892,129895,129897,129899,129901,129903,129905],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129891,63],{"class":42965},[44,129893,129894],{"class":42969},"text {}",[44,129896,63],{"class":42965},[44,129898,114],{"class":58},[44,129900,129684],{"class":117},[44,129902,121],{"class":58},[44,129904,302],{"class":117},[44,129906,100],{"class":58},[20,129908,129909],{},"Key idea:",[169,129911,129912,129918,129921],{},[172,129913,129914,129915,129917],{},"each ",[15,129916,3442],{}," is a placeholder",[172,129919,129920],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[172,129922,129923],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129925,189],{},[35,129927,129929],{"className":37,"code":129928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129930,129931,129944,129958,129962,130000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,129932,129933,129936,129938,129940,129942],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,129934,129935],{"class":50},"animal ",[44,129937,55],{"class":54},[44,129939,75],{"class":62},[44,129941,569],{"class":66},[44,129943,3007],{"class":62},[44,129945,129946,129949,129951,129953,129956],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,129947,129948],{"class":50},"sound ",[44,129950,55],{"class":54},[44,129952,75],{"class":62},[44,129954,129955],{"class":66},"meow",[44,129957,3007],{"class":62},[44,129959,129960],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,129961,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,129963,129964,129967,129969,129971,129973,129975,129978,129980,129982,129984,129986,129988,129990,129993,129995,129998],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,129965,129966],{"class":50},"sentence ",[44,129968,55],{"class":54},[44,129970,75],{"class":62},[44,129972,164],{"class":66},[44,129974,3442],{"class":206},[44,129976,129977],{"class":66}," says ",[44,129979,3442],{"class":206},[44,129981,114],{"class":66},[44,129983,63],{"class":62},[44,129985,114],{"class":58},[44,129987,129684],{"class":117},[44,129989,121],{"class":58},[44,129991,129992],{"class":117},"animal",[44,129994,72],{"class":58},[44,129996,129997],{"class":117}," sound",[44,129999,100],{"class":58},[44,130001,130002,130004,130006,130009],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,130003,136],{"class":135},[44,130005,121],{"class":58},[44,130007,130008],{"class":117},"sentence",[44,130010,100],{"class":58},[20,130012,130013],{},[367,130014,247],{},[35,130016,130018],{"className":37,"code":130017,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130019,130020],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130021,130022,130025],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130023,130024],{"class":50},"The cat says meow",[44,130026,121995],{"class":58},[20,130028,130029],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[30,130031,130033],{"id":130032},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130035,130036,130037,130039],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130038,3442],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[35,130041,130043],{"className":37,"code":130042,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130044,130045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130046,130047,130049,130051,130053,130056,130058,130060,130062,130064,130066,130068,130070,130072,130074,130077,130079,130081,130083,130086,130088],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130048,136],{"class":135},[44,130050,121],{"class":58},[44,130052,63],{"class":62},[44,130054,130055],{"class":66},"I like ",[44,130057,3442],{"class":206},[44,130059,898],{"class":66},[44,130061,3442],{"class":206},[44,130063,114],{"class":66},[44,130065,63],{"class":62},[44,130067,114],{"class":58},[44,130069,129684],{"class":117},[44,130071,121],{"class":58},[44,130073,63],{"class":62},[44,130075,130076],{"class":66},"pizza",[44,130078,63],{"class":62},[44,130080,72],{"class":58},[44,130082,75],{"class":62},[44,130084,130085],{"class":66},"pasta",[44,130087,63],{"class":62},[44,130089,244],{"class":58},[20,130091,130092],{},[367,130093,247],{},[35,130095,130097],{"className":37,"code":130096,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130098,130099],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130100,130101,130104,130106,130109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130102,130103],{"class":50},"I like pizza ",[44,130105,129726],{"class":54},[44,130107,130108],{"class":50}," pasta",[44,130110,121995],{"class":58},[20,130112,130113,130114,898,130117,114],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130115,130116],{},"{0}",[15,130118,130119],{},"{1}",[20,130121,130122],{},"This is helpful when:",[169,130124,130125,130128],{},[172,130126,130127],{},"you want to reuse a value",[172,130129,130130],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130132,130133],{},"Example with reused values:",[35,130135,130137],{"className":37,"code":130136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130138,130139,130173],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130140,130141,130143,130145,130147,130149,130152,130154,130157,130159,130161,130163,130165,130167,130169,130171],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130142,34329],{"class":50},[44,130144,55],{"class":54},[44,130146,75],{"class":62},[44,130148,130116],{"class":206},[44,130150,130151],{"class":66}," is learning Python. ",[44,130153,130116],{"class":206},[44,130155,130156],{"class":66}," likes coding.",[44,130158,63],{"class":62},[44,130160,114],{"class":58},[44,130162,129684],{"class":117},[44,130164,121],{"class":58},[44,130166,63],{"class":62},[44,130168,19525],{"class":66},[44,130170,63],{"class":62},[44,130172,100],{"class":58},[44,130174,130175,130177,130179,130181],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130176,136],{"class":135},[44,130178,121],{"class":58},[44,130180,34350],{"class":117},[44,130182,100],{"class":58},[20,130184,130185],{},[367,130186,247],{},[35,130188,130190],{"className":37,"code":130189,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130191,130192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130193,130194,130197,130199,130202,130204,130207,130210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130195,130196],{"class":50},"Lina ",[44,130198,11844],{"class":54},[44,130200,130201],{"class":50}," learning Python",[44,130203,114],{"class":58},[44,130205,130206],{"class":24390}," Lina",[44,130208,130209],{"class":50}," likes coding",[44,130211,121995],{"class":58},[20,130213,130214],{},"Example with changed order:",[35,130216,130218],{"className":37,"code":130217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130219,130220,130260],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130221,130222,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130234,130236,130238,130240,130242,130244,130246,130248,130250,130252,130254,130256,130258],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130223,34329],{"class":50},[44,130225,55],{"class":54},[44,130227,75],{"class":62},[44,130229,130119],{"class":206},[44,130231,82942],{"class":66},[44,130233,130116],{"class":206},[44,130235,114],{"class":66},[44,130237,63],{"class":62},[44,130239,114],{"class":58},[44,130241,129684],{"class":117},[44,130243,121],{"class":58},[44,130245,63],{"class":62},[44,130247,6234],{"class":66},[44,130249,63],{"class":62},[44,130251,72],{"class":58},[44,130253,75],{"class":62},[44,130255,78887],{"class":66},[44,130257,63],{"class":62},[44,130259,100],{"class":58},[44,130261,130262,130264,130266,130268],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130263,136],{"class":135},[44,130265,121],{"class":58},[44,130267,34350],{"class":117},[44,130269,100],{"class":58},[20,130271,130272],{},[367,130273,247],{},[35,130275,130277],{"className":37,"code":130276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130278,130279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130280,130281,130284],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130282,130283],{"class":50},"two comes after one",[44,130285,121995],{"class":58},[20,130287,130288,130289,130291],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130290,3442],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[30,130293,130295],{"id":130294},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130297,130298,130299,114],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130300,130301],{},"{name}",[20,130303,130304,130305,1155],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130306,125966],{},[35,130308,130310],{"className":37,"code":130309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130311,130312,130364],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130313,130314,130316,130318,130320,130322,130324,130327,130330,130332,130334,130336,130338,130340,130342,130344,130346,130348,130350,130352,130354,130356,130358,130360,130362],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130315,34329],{"class":50},[44,130317,55],{"class":54},[44,130319,75],{"class":62},[44,130321,129668],{"class":66},[44,130323,130301],{"class":206},[44,130325,130326],{"class":66}," and I live in ",[44,130328,130329],{"class":206},"{city}",[44,130331,114],{"class":66},[44,130333,63],{"class":62},[44,130335,114],{"class":58},[44,130337,129684],{"class":117},[44,130339,121],{"class":58},[44,130341,7318],{"class":8826},[44,130343,55],{"class":54},[44,130345,63],{"class":62},[44,130347,12531],{"class":66},[44,130349,63],{"class":62},[44,130351,72],{"class":58},[44,130353,31025],{"class":8826},[44,130355,55],{"class":54},[44,130357,63],{"class":62},[44,130359,15678],{"class":66},[44,130361,63],{"class":62},[44,130363,100],{"class":58},[44,130365,130366,130368,130370,130372],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130367,136],{"class":135},[44,130369,121],{"class":58},[44,130371,34350],{"class":117},[44,130373,100],{"class":58},[20,130375,130376],{},[367,130377,247],{},[35,130379,130381],{"className":37,"code":130380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130382,130383],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130384,130385,130387,130389,130392,130394,130397,130399,130402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130386,129718],{"class":50},[44,130388,11844],{"class":54},[44,130390,130391],{"class":50}," Ana ",[44,130393,129726],{"class":54},[44,130395,130396],{"class":50}," I live ",[44,130398,1383],{"class":54},[44,130400,130401],{"class":50}," Lima",[44,130403,121995],{"class":58},[20,130405,130406],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[169,130408,130409,130412,130415],{},[172,130410,130411],{},"they make code easier to read",[172,130413,130414],{},"they help when a string has many values",[172,130416,130417],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130419,189],{},[35,130421,130423],{"className":37,"code":130422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130424,130425,130477],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130426,130427,130430,130432,130434,130437,130440,130443,130446,130448,130450,130452,130454,130456,130458,130460,130463,130465,130467,130470,130472,130475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130428,130429],{"class":50},"report ",[44,130431,55],{"class":54},[44,130433,75],{"class":62},[44,130435,130436],{"class":66},"Student: ",[44,130438,130439],{"class":206},"{student}",[44,130441,130442],{"class":66},", Score: ",[44,130444,130445],{"class":206},"{score}",[44,130447,63],{"class":62},[44,130449,114],{"class":58},[44,130451,129684],{"class":117},[44,130453,121],{"class":58},[44,130455,13274],{"class":8826},[44,130457,55],{"class":54},[44,130459,63],{"class":62},[44,130461,130462],{"class":66},"Noah",[44,130464,63],{"class":62},[44,130466,72],{"class":58},[44,130468,130469],{"class":8826}," score",[44,130471,55],{"class":54},[44,130473,130474],{"class":206},"95",[44,130476,100],{"class":58},[44,130478,130479,130481,130483,130485],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130480,136],{"class":135},[44,130482,121],{"class":58},[44,130484,127676],{"class":117},[44,130486,100],{"class":58},[20,130488,130489],{},[367,130490,247],{},[35,130492,130494],{"className":37,"code":130493,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130495,130496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130497,130498,130501,130503,130506,130508,130511,130513],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130499,130500],{"class":50},"Student",[44,130502,1155],{"class":58},[44,130504,130505],{"class":50}," Noah",[44,130507,72],{"class":58},[44,130509,130510],{"class":50}," Score",[44,130512,1155],{"class":58},[44,130514,130515],{"class":206}," 95\n",[20,130517,130518,130519,114],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[270,130520,3225,130521,3158],{"href":41811},[15,130522,47321],{},[30,130524,130526],{"id":130525},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130528,130529,130531],{},[15,130530,125966],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130533,130534,130535,130538],{},"A common example is ",[15,130536,130537],{},":.2f",", which means:",[169,130540,130541,130544],{},[172,130542,130543],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[172,130545,130546],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130548,189],{},[35,130550,130552],{"className":37,"code":130551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130553,130554,130562,130591],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130555,130556,130558,130560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130557,40024],{"class":50},[44,130559,55],{"class":54},[44,130561,48914],{"class":206},[44,130563,130564,130566,130568,130570,130573,130575,130577,130579,130581,130583,130585,130587,130589],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130565,34329],{"class":50},[44,130567,55],{"class":54},[44,130569,75],{"class":62},[44,130571,130572],{"class":66},"Price: $",[44,130574,8928],{"class":206},[44,130576,130537],{"class":1716},[44,130578,21943],{"class":206},[44,130580,63],{"class":62},[44,130582,114],{"class":58},[44,130584,129684],{"class":117},[44,130586,121],{"class":58},[44,130588,24790],{"class":117},[44,130590,100],{"class":58},[44,130592,130593,130595,130597,130599],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,130594,136],{"class":135},[44,130596,121],{"class":58},[44,130598,34350],{"class":117},[44,130600,100],{"class":58},[20,130602,130603],{},[367,130604,247],{},[35,130606,130608],{"className":37,"code":130607,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130609,130610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130611,130612,130615,130617,130620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130613,130614],{"class":50},"Price",[44,130616,1155],{"class":58},[44,130618,130619],{"class":37003}," $",[44,130621,130622],{"class":206},"3.50\n",[20,130624,51716],{},[35,130626,130628],{"className":37,"code":130627,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130629,130630,130640],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130631,130632,130635,130637],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130633,130634],{"class":50},"average ",[44,130636,55],{"class":54},[44,130638,130639],{"class":206}," 91.236\n",[44,130641,130642,130644,130646,130648,130651,130653,130655,130657,130659,130661,130663,130665,130668],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130643,136],{"class":135},[44,130645,121],{"class":58},[44,130647,63],{"class":62},[44,130649,130650],{"class":66},"Average: ",[44,130652,8928],{"class":206},[44,130654,130537],{"class":1716},[44,130656,21943],{"class":206},[44,130658,63],{"class":62},[44,130660,114],{"class":58},[44,130662,129684],{"class":117},[44,130664,121],{"class":58},[44,130666,130667],{"class":117},"average",[44,130669,244],{"class":58},[20,130671,130672],{},[367,130673,247],{},[35,130675,130677],{"className":37,"code":130676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130678,130679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130680,130681,130684,130686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130682,130683],{"class":50},"Average",[44,130685,1155],{"class":58},[44,130687,130688],{"class":206}," 91.24\n",[20,130690,130691],{},"This is useful for:",[169,130693,130694,130696,130699],{},[172,130695,82700],{},[172,130697,130698],{},"averages",[172,130700,130701],{},"percentages",[20,130703,130704,130705,114],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[270,130706,3225,130707,1950],{"href":46087},[15,130708,46090],{},[30,130710,17063],{"id":17062},[20,130712,130713,92136],{},[15,130714,125966],{},[20,130716,130717],{},"That means you can:",[169,130719,130720,130723,130726],{},[172,130721,130722],{},"save it in a variable",[172,130724,130725],{},"print it directly",[172,130727,130728],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130730,189],{},[35,130732,130734],{"className":37,"code":130733,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130735,130736,130767,130777],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130737,130738,130740,130742,130744,130746,130748,130750,130752,130754,130756,130758,130760,130763,130765],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130739,89622],{"class":50},[44,130741,55],{"class":54},[44,130743,75],{"class":62},[44,130745,44539],{"class":66},[44,130747,3442],{"class":206},[44,130749,89463],{"class":66},[44,130751,63],{"class":62},[44,130753,114],{"class":58},[44,130755,129684],{"class":117},[44,130757,121],{"class":58},[44,130759,63],{"class":62},[44,130761,130762],{"class":66},"Chris",[44,130764,63],{"class":62},[44,130766,100],{"class":58},[44,130768,130769,130771,130773,130775],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130770,136],{"class":135},[44,130772,121],{"class":58},[44,130774,89639],{"class":117},[44,130776,100],{"class":58},[44,130778,130779,130781,130783,130785,130787,130789],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,130780,136],{"class":135},[44,130782,121],{"class":58},[44,130784,2868],{"class":2546},[44,130786,121],{"class":58},[44,130788,89639],{"class":117},[44,130790,244],{"class":58},[20,130792,130793],{},[367,130794,247],{},[35,130796,130798],{"className":37,"code":130797,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130799,130800,130809],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130801,130802,130804,130806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130803,34509],{"class":50},[44,130805,72],{"class":58},[44,130807,130808],{"class":50}," Chris!\n",[44,130810,130811,130813,130815,130817,130819,130821],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130812,2937],{"class":54},[44,130814,2940],{"class":1716},[44,130816,2943],{"class":62},[44,130818,3092],{"class":66},[44,130820,2948],{"class":62},[44,130822,2951],{"class":54},[20,130824,130825],{},"The original string is not changed.",[30,130827,130829,130831],{"id":130828},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130830,125966],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130833,130834,130836],{},[15,130835,125966],{}," is a string method.",[20,130838,130839],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130841,45678,130842,1155],{},[15,130843,125966],{},[35,130845,130847],{"className":37,"code":130846,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130848,130849,130862],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130850,130851,130853,130855,130857,130860],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130852,7525],{"class":50},[44,130854,55],{"class":54},[44,130856,75],{"class":62},[44,130858,130859],{"class":66},"Rita",[44,130861,3007],{"class":62},[44,130863,130864,130866,130868,130870,130872,130874,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884,130886],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130865,136],{"class":135},[44,130867,121],{"class":58},[44,130869,63],{"class":62},[44,130871,44539],{"class":66},[44,130873,3442],{"class":206},[44,130875,89463],{"class":66},[44,130877,63],{"class":62},[44,130879,114],{"class":58},[44,130881,129684],{"class":117},[44,130883,121],{"class":58},[44,130885,7318],{"class":117},[44,130887,244],{"class":58},[20,130889,130890],{},"Example with an f-string:",[35,130892,130894],{"className":37,"code":130893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130895,130896,130908],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130897,130898,130900,130902,130904,130906],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130899,7525],{"class":50},[44,130901,55],{"class":54},[44,130903,75],{"class":62},[44,130905,130859],{"class":66},[44,130907,3007],{"class":62},[44,130909,130910,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920,130922,130924,130927],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130911,136],{"class":135},[44,130913,121],{"class":58},[44,130915,21934],{"class":1716},[44,130917,42983],{"class":66},[44,130919,8928],{"class":206},[44,130921,7318],{"class":117},[44,130923,21943],{"class":206},[44,130925,130926],{"class":66},"!\"",[44,130928,100],{"class":58},[20,130930,130931],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130933,130934,130935,130937,130938,114],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130936,125966],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[270,130939,89308],{"href":89307},[30,130941,1299],{"id":1298},[20,130943,130944,130945,114],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130946,125966],{},[338,130948,130950],{"id":130949},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130952,130953],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[35,130955,130957],{"className":37,"code":130956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130958,130959,130992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,130960,130961,130963,130965,130967,130969,130971,130974,130976,130978,130980,130982,130984,130986,130988,130990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,130962,34329],{"class":50},[44,130964,55],{"class":54},[44,130966,75],{"class":62},[44,130968,44539],{"class":66},[44,130970,3442],{"class":206},[44,130972,130973],{"class":206}," {}",[44,130975,89463],{"class":66},[44,130977,63],{"class":62},[44,130979,114],{"class":58},[44,130981,129684],{"class":117},[44,130983,121],{"class":58},[44,130985,63],{"class":62},[44,130987,7327],{"class":66},[44,130989,63],{"class":62},[44,130991,100],{"class":58},[44,130993,130994,130996,130998,131000],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,130995,136],{"class":135},[44,130997,121],{"class":58},[44,130999,34350],{"class":117},[44,131001,100],{"class":58},[20,131003,131004],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131006,131007],{},"Fixed version:",[35,131009,131011],{"className":37,"code":131010,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131012,131013,131054],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131014,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131027,131029,131031,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131050,131052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131016,34329],{"class":50},[44,131018,55],{"class":54},[44,131020,75],{"class":62},[44,131022,44539],{"class":66},[44,131024,3442],{"class":206},[44,131026,130973],{"class":206},[44,131028,89463],{"class":66},[44,131030,63],{"class":62},[44,131032,114],{"class":58},[44,131034,129684],{"class":117},[44,131036,121],{"class":58},[44,131038,63],{"class":62},[44,131040,7327],{"class":66},[44,131042,63],{"class":62},[44,131044,72],{"class":58},[44,131046,75],{"class":62},[44,131048,131049],{"class":66},"Lee",[44,131051,63],{"class":62},[44,131053,100],{"class":58},[44,131055,131056,131058,131060,131062],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131057,136],{"class":135},[44,131059,121],{"class":58},[44,131061,34350],{"class":117},[44,131063,100],{"class":58},[338,131065,131067],{"id":131066},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131069,131070,131071,114],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131072,125966],{},[20,131074,131075],{},"Problem:",[35,131077,131079],{"className":37,"code":131078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131080,131081,131115],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131082,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091,131093,131095,131097,131099,131101,131103,131105,131107,131109,131111,131113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131084,34329],{"class":50},[44,131086,55],{"class":54},[44,131088,75],{"class":62},[44,131090,44539],{"class":66},[44,131092,130301],{"class":206},[44,131094,89463],{"class":66},[44,131096,63],{"class":62},[44,131098,114],{"class":58},[44,131100,129684],{"class":117},[44,131102,121],{"class":58},[44,131104,7634],{"class":8826},[44,131106,55],{"class":54},[44,131108,63],{"class":62},[44,131110,7327],{"class":66},[44,131112,63],{"class":62},[44,131114,100],{"class":58},[44,131116,131117,131119,131121,131123],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131118,136],{"class":135},[44,131120,121],{"class":58},[44,131122,34350],{"class":117},[44,131124,100],{"class":58},[20,131126,131007],{},[35,131128,131130],{"className":37,"code":131129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131131,131132,131166],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131133,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142,131144,131146,131148,131150,131152,131154,131156,131158,131160,131162,131164],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131135,34329],{"class":50},[44,131137,55],{"class":54},[44,131139,75],{"class":62},[44,131141,44539],{"class":66},[44,131143,130301],{"class":206},[44,131145,89463],{"class":66},[44,131147,63],{"class":62},[44,131149,114],{"class":58},[44,131151,129684],{"class":117},[44,131153,121],{"class":58},[44,131155,7318],{"class":8826},[44,131157,55],{"class":54},[44,131159,63],{"class":62},[44,131161,7327],{"class":66},[44,131163,63],{"class":62},[44,131165,100],{"class":58},[44,131167,131168,131170,131172,131174],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131169,136],{"class":135},[44,131171,121],{"class":58},[44,131173,34350],{"class":117},[44,131175,100],{"class":58},[338,131177,1312,131179,131181],{"id":131178},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131180,125966],{}," to change the original string",[20,131183,131184,131186],{},[15,131185,125966],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131188,131075],{},[35,131190,131192],{"className":37,"code":131191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131193,131194,131208,131226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131195,131196,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131197,34329],{"class":50},[44,131199,55],{"class":54},[44,131201,75],{"class":62},[44,131203,44539],{"class":66},[44,131205,3442],{"class":206},[44,131207,3007],{"class":62},[44,131209,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131222,131224],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131211,34350],{"class":50},[44,131213,114],{"class":58},[44,131215,129684],{"class":117},[44,131217,121],{"class":58},[44,131219,63],{"class":62},[44,131221,7327],{"class":66},[44,131223,63],{"class":62},[44,131225,100],{"class":58},[44,131227,131228,131230,131232,131234],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131229,136],{"class":135},[44,131231,121],{"class":58},[44,131233,34350],{"class":117},[44,131235,100],{"class":58},[20,131237,131238],{},[367,131239,247],{},[35,131241,131243],{"className":37,"code":131242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131244,131245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131246,131247,131249,131251],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131248,34509],{"class":50},[44,131250,72],{"class":58},[44,131252,9488],{"class":58},[20,131254,131007],{},[35,131256,131258],{"className":37,"code":131257,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131259,131260,131274,131296],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131261,131262,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131263,34329],{"class":50},[44,131265,55],{"class":54},[44,131267,75],{"class":62},[44,131269,44539],{"class":66},[44,131271,3442],{"class":206},[44,131273,3007],{"class":62},[44,131275,131276,131278,131280,131282,131284,131286,131288,131290,131292,131294],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131277,34329],{"class":50},[44,131279,55],{"class":54},[44,131281,42478],{"class":50},[44,131283,114],{"class":58},[44,131285,129684],{"class":117},[44,131287,121],{"class":58},[44,131289,63],{"class":62},[44,131291,7327],{"class":66},[44,131293,63],{"class":62},[44,131295,100],{"class":58},[44,131297,131298,131300,131302,131304],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131299,136],{"class":135},[44,131301,121],{"class":58},[44,131303,34350],{"class":117},[44,131305,100],{"class":58},[338,131307,4353,131309,131311],{"id":131308},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131310,125966],{}," returns a new string",[20,131313,131314],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[338,131316,131318],{"id":131317},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131320,131321],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131323,131324,131325,131327],{},"Use simple ",[15,131326,3442],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131329,131330,131331,114],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[270,131332,90021],{"href":90020},[30,131334,67512],{"id":67511},[20,131336,131337],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[35,131339,131341],{"className":37,"code":131340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131342,131343,131353,131367,131396],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131344,131345,131347,131349,131351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131346,136],{"class":135},[44,131348,121],{"class":58},[44,131350,34350],{"class":117},[44,131352,100],{"class":58},[44,131354,131355,131357,131359,131361,131363,131365],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131356,136],{"class":135},[44,131358,121],{"class":58},[44,131360,2868],{"class":2546},[44,131362,121],{"class":58},[44,131364,302],{"class":117},[44,131366,244],{"class":58},[44,131368,131369,131371,131373,131375,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386,131388,131390,131392,131394],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131370,136],{"class":135},[44,131372,121],{"class":58},[44,131374,63],{"class":62},[44,131376,131377],{"class":66},"Hello ",[44,131379,3442],{"class":206},[44,131381,63],{"class":62},[44,131383,114],{"class":58},[44,131385,129684],{"class":117},[44,131387,121],{"class":58},[44,131389,63],{"class":62},[44,131391,7327],{"class":66},[44,131393,63],{"class":62},[44,131395,244],{"class":58},[44,131397,131398,131400,131402,131404,131406,131408],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,131399,31793],{"class":135},[44,131401,121],{"class":58},[44,131403,3092],{"class":2546},[44,131405,114],{"class":58},[44,131407,129684],{"class":24390},[44,131409,100],{"class":58},[20,131411,131412],{},"Use them to check:",[169,131414,131415,131418,131421,131424],{},[172,131416,131417],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[172,131419,131420],{},"what type your value has",[172,131422,131423],{},"whether a small test example works",[172,131425,131426,131427],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131428,131429],{},"str.format",[30,131431,1497],{"id":1496},[338,131433,129465,131435,1504],{"id":131434},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131436,125966],{},[20,131438,131439],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[338,131441,131443],{"id":131442},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131445,131446,131447,131449],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131448,3442],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[338,131451,131453,131454,1547],{"id":131452},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131455,125966],{},[20,131457,131458,131459,131462],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131460,131461],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[338,131464,1540,131466,131468],{"id":131465},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131467,125966],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131470,131471,131472,131474],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131473,125966],{}," is still useful and common.",[30,131476,1554],{"id":1553},[169,131478,131479,131483,131487,131493,131499],{},[172,131480,131481],{},[270,131482,124718],{"href":50611},[172,131484,131485],{},[270,131486,90298],{"href":89307},[172,131488,131489],{},[270,131490,3225,131491,3158],{"href":46087},[15,131492,46090],{},[172,131494,131495],{},[270,131496,3225,131497,3158],{"href":41811},[15,131498,47321],{},[172,131500,131501],{},[270,131502,90021],{"href":90020},[1583,131504,131505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":131507},[131508,131509,131511,131512,131513,131514,131515,131516,131518,131527,131528,131537],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":129751,"depth":103,"text":131510},"What the format() method does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":130032,"depth":103,"text":130033},{"id":130294,"depth":103,"text":130295},{"id":130525,"depth":103,"text":130526},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":130828,"depth":103,"text":131517},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":131519},[131520,131521,131522,131524,131526],{"id":130949,"depth":132,"text":130950},{"id":131066,"depth":132,"text":131067},{"id":131178,"depth":132,"text":131523},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131308,"depth":132,"text":131525},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131317,"depth":132,"text":131318},{"id":67511,"depth":103,"text":67512},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":131529},[131530,131532,131533,131535],{"id":131434,"depth":132,"text":131531},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131442,"depth":132,"text":131443},{"id":131452,"depth":132,"text":131534},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131465,"depth":132,"text":131536},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129611,"description":131538},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131545,"title":131546,"body":131547,"description":133027,"extension":1616,"meta":133028,"navigation":434,"path":133029,"seo":133030,"stem":133031,"__hash__":133032},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131548,"toc":132999},[131549,131554,131559,131564,131566,131628,131635,131641,131646,131648,131664,131666,131737,131739,131753,131756,131806,131808,131810,131837,131840,131855,131858,131899,131902,131947,131954,132003,132005,132013,132015,132033,132035,132128,132136,132177,132182,132189,132195,132202,132205,132209,132310,132312,132334,132338,132391,132394,132397,132403,132410,132412,132451,132453,132471,132481,132488,132571,132574,132581,132588,132595,132599,132607,132653,132657,132666,132731,132736,132741,132752,132754,132759,132786,132788,132891,132894,132914,132916,132921,132924,132928,132932,132939,132948,132954,132957,132963,132965,132967,132996],[10,131550,122963,131552,18],{"id":131551},"python-string-index-method",[15,131553,17],{},[20,131555,122968,131556,131558],{},[15,131557,17],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131560,131561,131562,114],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131563,686],{},[30,131565,33],{"id":32},[35,131567,131569],{"className":37,"code":131568,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131570,131571,131583,131605,131615,131619,131623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131572,131573,131575,131577,131579,131581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131574,34329],{"class":50},[44,131576,55],{"class":54},[44,131578,75],{"class":62},[44,131580,60039],{"class":66},[44,131582,3007],{"class":62},[44,131584,131585,131587,131589,131591,131593,131595,131597,131599,131601,131603],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131586,106],{"class":50},[44,131588,55],{"class":54},[44,131590,42478],{"class":50},[44,131592,114],{"class":58},[44,131594,118],{"class":117},[44,131596,121],{"class":58},[44,131598,63],{"class":62},[44,131600,60224],{"class":66},[44,131602,63],{"class":62},[44,131604,100],{"class":58},[44,131606,131607,131609,131611,131613],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131608,136],{"class":135},[44,131610,121],{"class":58},[44,131612,141],{"class":117},[44,131614,100],{"class":58},[44,131616,131617],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,131618,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,131620,131621],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,131622,90439],{"class":147},[44,131624,131625],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,131626,131627],{"class":147},"# 6\n",[20,131629,651,131630,131632,131633,114],{},[15,131631,17],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131634,686],{},[30,131636,158,131638,161],{"id":131637},"what-strindex-does",[15,131639,131640],{},"str.index()",[20,131642,131643,131645],{},[15,131644,131640],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131647,12703],{},[169,131649,131650,131653,131656,131659],{},[172,131651,131652],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[172,131654,131655],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[172,131657,131658],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[172,131660,29933,131661,131663],{},[15,131662,686],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131665,189],{},[35,131667,131669],{"className":37,"code":131668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131670,131671,131683,131687,131712],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131672,131673,131675,131677,131679,131681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131674,34329],{"class":50},[44,131676,55],{"class":54},[44,131678,75],{"class":62},[44,131680,1218],{"class":66},[44,131682,3007],{"class":62},[44,131684,131685],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131686,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,131688,131689,131691,131693,131695,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131690,136],{"class":135},[44,131692,121],{"class":58},[44,131694,34350],{"class":117},[44,131696,114],{"class":58},[44,131698,118],{"class":117},[44,131700,121],{"class":58},[44,131702,63],{"class":62},[44,131704,270],{"class":66},[44,131706,63],{"class":62},[44,131708,459],{"class":58},[44,131710,131711],{"class":147},"     # 1\n",[44,131713,131714,131716,131718,131720,131722,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732,131734],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,131715,136],{"class":135},[44,131717,121],{"class":58},[44,131719,34350],{"class":117},[44,131721,114],{"class":58},[44,131723,118],{"class":117},[44,131725,121],{"class":58},[44,131727,63],{"class":62},[44,131729,123056],{"class":66},[44,131731,63],{"class":62},[44,131733,459],{"class":58},[44,131735,131736],{"class":147},"    # 2\n",[20,131738,1282],{},[169,131740,131741,131747],{},[172,131742,131743,128175,131745],{},[15,131744,17739],{},[15,131746,1133],{},[172,131748,131749,128175,131751],{},[15,131750,128174],{},[15,131752,1137],{},[20,131754,131755],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[35,131757,131759],{"className":37,"code":131758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131760,131761,131773,131777,131801],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131762,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131764,34329],{"class":50},[44,131766,55],{"class":54},[44,131768,75],{"class":62},[44,131770,34509],{"class":66},[44,131772,3007],{"class":62},[44,131774,131775],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131776,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,131778,131779,131781,131783,131785,131787,131789,131791,131793,131795,131797,131799],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,131780,136],{"class":135},[44,131782,121],{"class":58},[44,131784,34350],{"class":117},[44,131786,114],{"class":58},[44,131788,118],{"class":117},[44,131790,121],{"class":58},[44,131792,63],{"class":62},[44,131794,50827],{"class":66},[44,131796,63],{"class":62},[44,131798,459],{"class":58},[44,131800,20410],{"class":147},[44,131802,131803],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,131804,131805],{"class":147},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[30,131807,277],{"id":276},[20,131809,1809],{},[35,131811,131813],{"className":37,"code":131812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131814,131815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131816,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825,131827,131829,131831,131833,131835],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131818,60805],{"class":50},[44,131820,114],{"class":58},[44,131822,118],{"class":117},[44,131824,121],{"class":58},[44,131826,302],{"class":117},[44,131828,72],{"class":58},[44,131830,329],{"class":117},[44,131832,72],{"class":58},[44,131834,334],{"class":117},[44,131836,100],{"class":58},[20,131838,131839],{},"Parameters:",[169,131841,131842,131846,131850],{},[172,131843,131844,123155],{},[15,131845,302],{},[172,131847,131848,128221],{},[15,131849,353],{},[172,131851,131852,131854],{},[15,131853,359],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131856,131857],{},"You can use just the value:",[35,131859,131861],{"className":37,"code":131860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131862,131863,131875],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131864,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131866,34329],{"class":50},[44,131868,55],{"class":54},[44,131870,75],{"class":62},[44,131872,39],{"class":66},[44,131874,3007],{"class":62},[44,131876,131877,131879,131881,131883,131885,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895,131897],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131878,136],{"class":135},[44,131880,121],{"class":58},[44,131882,34350],{"class":117},[44,131884,114],{"class":58},[44,131886,118],{"class":117},[44,131888,121],{"class":58},[44,131890,63],{"class":62},[44,131892,62918],{"class":66},[44,131894,63],{"class":62},[44,131896,459],{"class":58},[44,131898,51051],{"class":147},[20,131900,131901],{},"Or include a start position:",[35,131903,131905],{"className":37,"code":131904,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131906,131907,131919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131908,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131910,34329],{"class":50},[44,131912,55],{"class":54},[44,131914,75],{"class":62},[44,131916,1218],{"class":66},[44,131918,3007],{"class":62},[44,131920,131921,131923,131925,131927,131929,131931,131933,131935,131937,131939,131941,131943,131945],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131922,136],{"class":135},[44,131924,121],{"class":58},[44,131926,34350],{"class":117},[44,131928,114],{"class":58},[44,131930,118],{"class":117},[44,131932,121],{"class":58},[44,131934,63],{"class":62},[44,131936,270],{"class":66},[44,131938,63],{"class":62},[44,131940,72],{"class":58},[44,131942,488],{"class":206},[44,131944,459],{"class":58},[44,131946,50409],{"class":147},[20,131948,131949,131950,898,131952,1155],{},"Or include both ",[15,131951,353],{},[15,131953,359],{},[35,131955,131957],{"className":37,"code":131956,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131958,131959,131971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,131960,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,131962,34329],{"class":50},[44,131964,55],{"class":54},[44,131966,75],{"class":62},[44,131968,1218],{"class":66},[44,131970,3007],{"class":62},[44,131972,131973,131975,131977,131979,131981,131983,131985,131987,131989,131991,131993,131995,131997,131999,132001],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,131974,136],{"class":135},[44,131976,121],{"class":58},[44,131978,34350],{"class":117},[44,131980,114],{"class":58},[44,131982,118],{"class":117},[44,131984,121],{"class":58},[44,131986,63],{"class":62},[44,131988,270],{"class":66},[44,131990,63],{"class":62},[44,131992,72],{"class":58},[44,131994,488],{"class":206},[44,131996,72],{"class":58},[44,131998,939],{"class":206},[44,132000,459],{"class":58},[44,132002,50409],{"class":147},[30,132004,37657],{"id":37656},[20,132006,28347,132007,132009,132010,114],{},[15,132008,17],{}," is a ",[367,132011,132012],{},"zero-based index",[20,132014,1758],{},[169,132016,132017,132023,132028],{},[172,132018,132019,132020,132022],{},"Index ",[15,132021,186],{}," is the first character",[172,132024,132019,132025,132027],{},[15,132026,1133],{}," is the second character",[172,132029,132019,132030,132032],{},[15,132031,1137],{}," is the third character",[20,132034,189],{},[35,132036,132038],{"className":37,"code":132037,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132039,132040,132052,132056,132080,132104],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132041,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132043,34329],{"class":50},[44,132045,55],{"class":54},[44,132047,75],{"class":62},[44,132049,569],{"class":66},[44,132051,3007],{"class":62},[44,132053,132054],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132055,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,132057,132058,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132059,136],{"class":135},[44,132061,121],{"class":58},[44,132063,34350],{"class":117},[44,132065,114],{"class":58},[44,132067,118],{"class":117},[44,132069,121],{"class":58},[44,132071,63],{"class":62},[44,132073,408],{"class":66},[44,132075,63],{"class":62},[44,132077,459],{"class":58},[44,132079,50883],{"class":147},[44,132081,132082,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,132083,136],{"class":135},[44,132085,121],{"class":58},[44,132087,34350],{"class":117},[44,132089,114],{"class":58},[44,132091,118],{"class":117},[44,132093,121],{"class":58},[44,132095,63],{"class":62},[44,132097,270],{"class":66},[44,132099,63],{"class":62},[44,132101,459],{"class":58},[44,132103,148],{"class":147},[44,132105,132106,132108,132110,132112,132114,132116,132118,132120,132122,132124,132126],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,132107,136],{"class":135},[44,132109,121],{"class":58},[44,132111,34350],{"class":117},[44,132113,114],{"class":58},[44,132115,118],{"class":117},[44,132117,121],{"class":58},[44,132119,63],{"class":62},[44,132121,62918],{"class":66},[44,132123,63],{"class":62},[44,132125,459],{"class":58},[44,132127,51051],{"class":147},[20,132129,132130,132132,132133,132135],{},[15,132131,17],{}," returns only the ",[367,132134,29548],{}," matching position.",[35,132137,132139],{"className":37,"code":132138,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132140,132141,132153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132142,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132144,34329],{"class":50},[44,132146,55],{"class":54},[44,132148,75],{"class":62},[44,132150,1218],{"class":66},[44,132152,3007],{"class":62},[44,132154,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169,132171,132173,132175],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132156,136],{"class":135},[44,132158,121],{"class":58},[44,132160,34350],{"class":117},[44,132162,114],{"class":58},[44,132164,118],{"class":117},[44,132166,121],{"class":58},[44,132168,63],{"class":62},[44,132170,270],{"class":66},[44,132172,63],{"class":62},[44,132174,459],{"class":58},[44,132176,148],{"class":147},[20,132178,259,132179,132181],{},[15,132180,17739],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132183,132184,132185,114],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[270,132186,132187,1180],{"href":124413},[15,132188,58223],{},[30,132190,895,132191,898,132193],{"id":894},[15,132192,353],{},[15,132194,359],{},[20,132196,164,132197,898,132199,132201],{},[15,132198,353],{},[15,132200,359],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132203,132204],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132206,45678,132207,1155],{},[15,132208,353],{},[35,132210,132212],{"className":37,"code":132211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132213,132214,132226,132230,132254,132282],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132215,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132217,34329],{"class":50},[44,132219,55],{"class":54},[44,132221,75],{"class":62},[44,132223,1218],{"class":66},[44,132225,3007],{"class":62},[44,132227,132228],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132229,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,132231,132232,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132233,136],{"class":135},[44,132235,121],{"class":58},[44,132237,34350],{"class":117},[44,132239,114],{"class":58},[44,132241,118],{"class":117},[44,132243,121],{"class":58},[44,132245,63],{"class":62},[44,132247,270],{"class":66},[44,132249,63],{"class":62},[44,132251,459],{"class":58},[44,132253,50756],{"class":147},[44,132255,132256,132258,132260,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,132257,136],{"class":135},[44,132259,121],{"class":58},[44,132261,34350],{"class":117},[44,132263,114],{"class":58},[44,132265,118],{"class":117},[44,132267,121],{"class":58},[44,132269,63],{"class":62},[44,132271,270],{"class":66},[44,132273,63],{"class":62},[44,132275,72],{"class":58},[44,132277,488],{"class":206},[44,132279,459],{"class":58},[44,132281,50605],{"class":147},[44,132283,132284,132286,132288,132290,132292,132294,132296,132298,132300,132302,132304,132306,132308],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,132285,136],{"class":135},[44,132287,121],{"class":58},[44,132289,34350],{"class":117},[44,132291,114],{"class":58},[44,132293,118],{"class":117},[44,132295,121],{"class":58},[44,132297,63],{"class":62},[44,132299,270],{"class":66},[44,132301,63],{"class":62},[44,132303,72],{"class":58},[44,132305,1114],{"class":206},[44,132307,459],{"class":58},[44,132309,50392],{"class":147},[20,132311,19600],{},[169,132313,132314,132321,132327],{},[172,132315,132316,132317,65221,132319],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132318,17739],{},[15,132320,1133],{},[172,132322,132323,132324,132326],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132325,1137],{}," skips that first match",[172,132328,132323,132329,132331,132332],{},[15,132330,1145],{}," finds the last ",[15,132333,17739],{},[20,132335,45678,132336,1155],{},[15,132337,359],{},[35,132339,132341],{"className":37,"code":132340,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132342,132343,132355,132359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132344,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132346,34329],{"class":50},[44,132348,55],{"class":54},[44,132350,75],{"class":62},[44,132352,1218],{"class":66},[44,132354,3007],{"class":62},[44,132356,132357],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132358,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,132360,132361,132363,132365,132367,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377,132379,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132362,136],{"class":135},[44,132364,121],{"class":58},[44,132366,34350],{"class":117},[44,132368,114],{"class":58},[44,132370,118],{"class":117},[44,132372,121],{"class":58},[44,132374,63],{"class":62},[44,132376,75647],{"class":66},[44,132378,63],{"class":62},[44,132380,72],{"class":58},[44,132382,3483],{"class":206},[44,132384,72],{"class":58},[44,132386,1114],{"class":206},[44,132388,459],{"class":58},[44,132390,51051],{"class":147},[20,132392,132393],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132395,132396],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[30,132398,43850,132400,132402],{"id":132399},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132401,17],{}," causes an error",[20,132404,132405,132406,52131,132408,114],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132407,17],{},[15,132409,686],{},[20,132411,189],{},[35,132413,132415],{"className":37,"code":132414,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132416,132417,132429],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132418,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132420,34329],{"class":50},[44,132422,55],{"class":54},[44,132424,75],{"class":62},[44,132426,3495],{"class":66},[44,132428,3007],{"class":62},[44,132430,132431,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132432,136],{"class":135},[44,132434,121],{"class":58},[44,132436,34350],{"class":117},[44,132438,114],{"class":58},[44,132440,118],{"class":117},[44,132442,121],{"class":58},[44,132444,63],{"class":62},[44,132446,21717],{"class":66},[44,132448,63],{"class":62},[44,132450,244],{"class":58},[20,132452,247],{},[35,132454,132456],{"className":37,"code":132455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132457,132458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132459,132460,132462,132464,132467,132469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132461,686],{"class":2546},[44,132463,1155],{"class":58},[44,132465,132466],{"class":50}," substring ",[44,132468,881],{"class":54},[44,132470,884],{"class":50},[20,132472,52977,132473,125929,132478,132480],{},[270,132474,132475],{"href":129605},[15,132476,132477],{},"str.find()",[15,132479,65473],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132482,132483,132484,898,132486,1155],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132485,29443],{},[15,132487,29474],{},[35,132489,132491],{"className":37,"code":132490,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132492,132493,132505,132509,132515,132538,132548,132556],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132494,132495,132497,132499,132501,132503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132496,34329],{"class":50},[44,132498,55],{"class":54},[44,132500,75],{"class":62},[44,132502,3495],{"class":66},[44,132504,3007],{"class":62},[44,132506,132507],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132508,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,132510,132511,132513],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132512,29443],{"class":805},[44,132514,820],{"class":58},[44,132516,132517,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,132518,132519],{"class":50},"    position ",[44,132521,55],{"class":54},[44,132523,42478],{"class":50},[44,132525,114],{"class":58},[44,132527,118],{"class":117},[44,132529,121],{"class":58},[44,132531,63],{"class":62},[44,132533,21717],{"class":66},[44,132535,63],{"class":62},[44,132537,100],{"class":58},[44,132539,132540,132542,132544,132546],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,132541,825],{"class":135},[44,132543,121],{"class":58},[44,132545,141],{"class":117},[44,132547,100],{"class":58},[44,132549,132550,132552,132554],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,132551,29474],{"class":805},[44,132553,41562],{"class":2546},[44,132555,820],{"class":58},[44,132557,132558,132560,132562,132564,132567,132569],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,132559,825],{"class":135},[44,132561,121],{"class":58},[44,132563,63],{"class":62},[44,132565,132566],{"class":66},"Substring not found",[44,132568,63],{"class":62},[44,132570,100],{"class":58},[20,132572,132573],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132575,41582,132576,114],{},[270,132577,25319,132579],{"href":132578},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132580,128933],{},[30,132582,132584,10236,132586],{"id":132583},"index-vs-find",[15,132585,17],{},[15,132587,123958],{},[20,132589,132590,898,132592,132594],{},[15,132591,17],{},[15,132593,123958],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[338,132596,132597],{"id":118},[15,132598,17],{},[169,132600,132601,132604],{},[172,132602,132603],{},"Returns the first match position",[172,132605,132606],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[35,132608,132610],{"className":37,"code":132609,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132611,132612,132624,132648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132613,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132615,34329],{"class":50},[44,132617,55],{"class":54},[44,132619,75],{"class":62},[44,132621,3495],{"class":66},[44,132623,3007],{"class":62},[44,132625,132626,132628,132630,132632,132634,132636,132638,132640,132642,132644,132646],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132627,136],{"class":135},[44,132629,121],{"class":58},[44,132631,34350],{"class":117},[44,132633,114],{"class":58},[44,132635,118],{"class":117},[44,132637,121],{"class":58},[44,132639,63],{"class":62},[44,132641,60080],{"class":66},[44,132643,63],{"class":62},[44,132645,459],{"class":58},[44,132647,148],{"class":147},[44,132649,132650],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132651,132652],{"class":147},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[338,132654,132655],{"id":127988},[15,132656,123958],{},[169,132658,132659,132661],{},[172,132660,132603],{},[172,132662,11072,132663,132665],{},[15,132664,65473],{}," if nothing is found",[35,132667,132669],{"className":37,"code":132668,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132670,132671,132683,132707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132672,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132674,34329],{"class":50},[44,132676,55],{"class":54},[44,132678,75],{"class":62},[44,132680,3495],{"class":66},[44,132682,3007],{"class":62},[44,132684,132685,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132686,136],{"class":135},[44,132688,121],{"class":58},[44,132690,34350],{"class":117},[44,132692,114],{"class":58},[44,132694,127988],{"class":117},[44,132696,121],{"class":58},[44,132698,63],{"class":62},[44,132700,60080],{"class":66},[44,132702,63],{"class":62},[44,132704,459],{"class":58},[44,132706,148],{"class":147},[44,132708,132709,132711,132713,132715,132717,132719,132721,132723,132725,132727,132729],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132710,136],{"class":135},[44,132712,121],{"class":58},[44,132714,34350],{"class":117},[44,132716,114],{"class":58},[44,132718,127988],{"class":117},[44,132720,121],{"class":58},[44,132722,63],{"class":62},[44,132724,21717],{"class":66},[44,132726,63],{"class":62},[44,132728,459],{"class":58},[44,132730,128343],{"class":147},[20,132732,651,132733,132735],{},[15,132734,17],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132737,651,132738,132740],{},[15,132739,123958],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132742,132743,132744,2522,132749,114],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[270,132745,132746,132748],{"href":129605},[15,132747,132477],{}," method reference",[270,132750,126999],{"href":132751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[30,132753,1299],{"id":1298},[20,132755,132756,132757,1155],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132758,17],{},[169,132760,132761,132764,132771,132776,132781],{},[172,132762,132763],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[172,132765,1312,132766,8104,132768,132770],{},[15,132767,17],{},[15,132769,65473],{}," when no match exists",[172,132772,895,132773,132775],{},[15,132774,17],{}," on a value that may not be present",[172,132777,132778,132779],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132780,1133],{},[172,132782,4229,132783,132785],{},[15,132784,17],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132787,61926],{},[35,132789,132791],{"className":37,"code":132790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132792,132793,132803,132817,132839,132861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,132794,132795,132797,132799,132801],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,132796,136],{"class":135},[44,132798,121],{"class":58},[44,132800,34350],{"class":117},[44,132802,100],{"class":58},[44,132804,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813,132815],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,132806,136],{"class":135},[44,132808,121],{"class":58},[44,132810,41415],{"class":135},[44,132812,121],{"class":58},[44,132814,34350],{"class":117},[44,132816,244],{"class":58},[44,132818,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,132820,136],{"class":135},[44,132822,121],{"class":58},[44,132824,34350],{"class":117},[44,132826,114],{"class":58},[44,132828,118],{"class":117},[44,132830,121],{"class":58},[44,132832,63],{"class":62},[44,132834,302],{"class":66},[44,132836,63],{"class":62},[44,132838,244],{"class":58},[44,132840,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,132842,136],{"class":135},[44,132844,121],{"class":58},[44,132846,34350],{"class":117},[44,132848,114],{"class":58},[44,132850,127988],{"class":117},[44,132852,121],{"class":58},[44,132854,63],{"class":62},[44,132856,302],{"class":66},[44,132858,63],{"class":62},[44,132860,244],{"class":58},[44,132862,132863,132865,132867,132869,132871,132873,132875,132877,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887,132889],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,132864,136],{"class":135},[44,132866,121],{"class":58},[44,132868,34350],{"class":117},[44,132870,114],{"class":58},[44,132872,118],{"class":117},[44,132874,121],{"class":58},[44,132876,63],{"class":62},[44,132878,302],{"class":66},[44,132880,63],{"class":62},[44,132882,72],{"class":58},[44,132884,329],{"class":117},[44,132886,72],{"class":58},[44,132888,334],{"class":117},[44,132890,244],{"class":58},[20,132892,132893],{},"Tips:",[169,132895,132896,132901,132906,132909],{},[172,132897,651,132898,132900],{},[15,132899,125885],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[172,132902,651,132903,132905],{},[15,132904,123958],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[172,132907,132908],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[172,132910,132911,132912],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132913,186],{},[30,132915,1497],{"id":1496},[338,132917,129465,132919,1504],{"id":132918},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132920,17],{},[20,132922,132923],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[338,132925,132927],{"id":132926},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132929,1522,132930,114],{},[15,132931,686],{},[338,132933,4828,132935,898,132937,1547],{"id":132934},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132936,17],{},[15,132938,123958],{},[20,132940,132941,132943,132944,2044,132946,6280],{},[15,132942,17],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132945,123958],{},[15,132947,65473],{},[338,132949,4818,132951,132953],{"id":132950},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132952,17],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132955,132956],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[338,132958,132960,132961,124299],{"id":132959},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132962,17],{},[20,132964,129490],{},[30,132966,1554],{"id":1553},[169,132968,132969,132975,132979,132984,132990],{},[172,132970,132971],{},[270,132972,132973,1180],{"href":129605},[15,132974,132477],{},[172,132976,132977],{},[270,132978,124362],{"href":132751},[172,132980,132981],{},[270,132982,129566],{"href":132983},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[172,132985,132986],{},[270,132987,132988,1180],{"href":124413},[15,132989,58223],{},[172,132991,132992],{},[270,132993,29987,132994],{"href":132578},[15,132995,128933],{},[1583,132997,132998],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":133000},[133001,133002,133004,133005,133006,133007,133009,133014,133015,133026],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":131637,"depth":103,"text":133003},"What str.index() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":37656,"depth":103,"text":37657},{"id":894,"depth":103,"text":1598},{"id":132399,"depth":103,"text":133008},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132583,"depth":103,"text":133010,"children":133011},"index() vs find()",[133012,133013],{"id":118,"depth":132,"text":17},{"id":127988,"depth":132,"text":123958},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":133016},[133017,133019,133020,133022,133024],{"id":132918,"depth":132,"text":133018},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132926,"depth":132,"text":132927},{"id":132934,"depth":132,"text":133021},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132950,"depth":132,"text":133023},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132959,"depth":132,"text":133025},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131546,"description":133027},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133034,"title":133035,"body":133036,"description":135811,"extension":1616,"meta":135812,"navigation":434,"path":135813,"seo":135814,"stem":135815,"__hash__":135816},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133037,"toc":135747},[133038,133044,133049,133052,133055,133066,133068,133137,133139,133153,133158,133163,133168,133170,133213,133215,133298,133300,133346,133352,133354,133356,133376,133378,133401,133403,133477,133479,133498,133503,133505,133509,133581,133583,133597,133601,133677,133679,133698,133702,133796,133798,133807,133814,133890,133892,133910,133914,133917,133924,133973,133975,133984,133991,134050,134052,134070,134073,134080,134139,134141,134159,134166,134223,134225,134234,134238,134243,134247,134306,134308,134326,134330,134377,134382,134385,134454,134456,134473,134480,134486,134541,134546,134549,134626,134628,134646,134652,134658,134718,134720,134739,134745,134748,134755,134808,134813,134815,134876,134885,134892,134894,134951,134956,134958,135029,135033,135088,135090,135099,135104,135110,135179,135181,135213,135219,135227,135234,135240,135305,135307,135316,135322,135403,135405,135414,135419,135433,135440,135444,135449,135477,135479,135612,135615,135652,135654,135660,135669,135674,135677,135682,135687,135693,135696,135705,135708,135710,135739,135744],[10,133039,122963,133041,18],{"id":133040},"python-string-join-method",[15,133042,133043],{},"join()",[20,133045,122968,133046,133048],{},[15,133047,133043],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133050,133051],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133053,133054],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[169,133056,133057,133063],{},[172,133058,133059,133060,133062],{},"You call ",[15,133061,133043],{}," on the separator string",[172,133064,133065],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[30,133067,3259],{"id":3258},[35,133069,133071],{"className":37,"code":133070,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133072,133073,133106,133127],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133074,133075,133077,133079,133081,133083,133085,133087,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133102,133104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133076,3720],{"class":50},[44,133078,55],{"class":54},[44,133080,3273],{"class":58},[44,133082,63],{"class":62},[44,133084,6946],{"class":66},[44,133086,63],{"class":62},[44,133088,72],{"class":58},[44,133090,75],{"class":62},[44,133092,11844],{"class":66},[44,133094,63],{"class":62},[44,133096,72],{"class":58},[44,133098,75],{"class":62},[44,133100,133101],{"class":66},"fun",[44,133103,63],{"class":62},[44,133105,3286],{"class":58},[44,133107,133108,133110,133112,133114,133116,133118,133121,133123,133125],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133109,604],{"class":50},[44,133111,55],{"class":54},[44,133113,75],{"class":62},[44,133115,75],{"class":62},[44,133117,114],{"class":58},[44,133119,133120],{"class":117},"join",[44,133122,121],{"class":58},[44,133124,3762],{"class":117},[44,133126,100],{"class":58},[44,133128,133129,133131,133133,133135],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133130,136],{"class":135},[44,133132,121],{"class":58},[44,133134,632],{"class":117},[44,133136,100],{"class":58},[20,133138,247],{},[35,133140,133142],{"className":37,"code":133141,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is fun\n",[15,133143,133144],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133145,133146,133148,133150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133147,3225],{"class":50},[44,133149,11844],{"class":54},[44,133151,133152],{"class":50}," fun\n",[20,133154,651,133155,133157],{},[15,133156,133043],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[30,133159,158,133161,161],{"id":133160},"what-join-does",[15,133162,133043],{},[20,133164,133165,133167],{},[15,133166,133043],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133169,11107],{},[169,133171,133172,133179,133207,133210],{},[172,133173,133174,133175,133178],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133176,133177],{},".join()"," as the separator",[172,133180,133181,133182],{},"Common separators are:\n",[169,133183,133184,133190,133196,133202],{},[172,133185,133186,133189],{},[15,133187,133188],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[172,133191,133192,133195],{},[15,133193,133194],{},"\", \""," for commas",[172,133197,133198,133201],{},[15,133199,133200],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[172,133203,133204,133206],{},[15,133205,5920],{}," for no separator",[172,133208,133209],{},"It returns a new string",[172,133211,133212],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133214,189],{},[35,133216,133218],{"className":37,"code":133217,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133219,133220,133252,133274,133278,133288],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133221,133222,133224,133226,133228,133230,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133223,3720],{"class":50},[44,133225,55],{"class":54},[44,133227,3273],{"class":58},[44,133229,63],{"class":62},[44,133231,67],{"class":66},[44,133233,63],{"class":62},[44,133235,72],{"class":58},[44,133237,75],{"class":62},[44,133239,87],{"class":66},[44,133241,63],{"class":62},[44,133243,72],{"class":58},[44,133245,75],{"class":62},[44,133247,78],{"class":66},[44,133249,63],{"class":62},[44,133251,3286],{"class":58},[44,133253,133254,133256,133258,133260,133262,133264,133266,133268,133270,133272],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133255,604],{"class":50},[44,133257,55],{"class":54},[44,133259,75],{"class":62},[44,133261,1134],{"class":66},[44,133263,63],{"class":62},[44,133265,114],{"class":58},[44,133267,133120],{"class":117},[44,133269,121],{"class":58},[44,133271,3762],{"class":117},[44,133273,100],{"class":58},[44,133275,133276],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133277,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,133279,133280,133282,133284,133286],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,133281,136],{"class":135},[44,133283,121],{"class":58},[44,133285,632],{"class":117},[44,133287,100],{"class":58},[44,133289,133290,133292,133294,133296],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,133291,136],{"class":135},[44,133293,121],{"class":58},[44,133295,3762],{"class":117},[44,133297,100],{"class":58},[20,133299,247],{},[35,133301,133303],{"className":37,"code":133302,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133304,133305,133318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133306,133307,133309,133311,133314,133316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133308,67],{"class":50},[44,133310,72],{"class":58},[44,133312,133313],{"class":50}," green",[44,133315,72],{"class":58},[44,133317,35523],{"class":50},[44,133319,133320,133322,133324,133326,133328,133330,133332,133334,133336,133338,133340,133342,133344],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133321,1271],{"class":58},[44,133323,2948],{"class":62},[44,133325,67],{"class":66},[44,133327,2948],{"class":62},[44,133329,72],{"class":58},[44,133331,2943],{"class":62},[44,133333,87],{"class":66},[44,133335,2948],{"class":62},[44,133337,72],{"class":58},[44,133339,2943],{"class":62},[44,133341,78],{"class":66},[44,133343,2948],{"class":62},[44,133345,3286],{"class":58},[20,133347,133348,133349,133351],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133350,133043],{}," creates a new string.",[30,133353,277],{"id":276},[20,133355,6867],{},[35,133357,133359],{"className":37,"code":133358,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133360,133361],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133362,133363,133366,133368,133370,133372,133374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133364,133365],{"class":50},"separator",[44,133367,114],{"class":58},[44,133369,133120],{"class":117},[44,133371,121],{"class":58},[44,133373,3370],{"class":117},[44,133375,100],{"class":58},[338,133377,48648],{"id":48647},[169,133379,133380,133393,133398],{},[172,133381,133382,133384,133385,1134,133387,1134,133389,1841,133391],{},[15,133383,133365],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133386,133188],{},[15,133388,133194],{},[15,133390,133200],{},[15,133392,5920],{},[172,133394,133395,133397],{},[15,133396,3370],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[172,133399,133400],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133402,189],{},[35,133404,133406],{"className":37,"code":133405,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133407,133408,133440,133463,133467],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133409,133410,133412,133414,133416,133418,133420,133422,133424,133426,133428,133430,133432,133434,133436,133438],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133411,4643],{"class":50},[44,133413,55],{"class":54},[44,133415,3273],{"class":58},[44,133417,63],{"class":62},[44,133419,12531],{"class":66},[44,133421,63],{"class":62},[44,133423,72],{"class":58},[44,133425,75],{"class":62},[44,133427,35583],{"class":66},[44,133429,63],{"class":62},[44,133431,72],{"class":58},[44,133433,75],{"class":62},[44,133435,35592],{"class":66},[44,133437,63],{"class":62},[44,133439,3286],{"class":58},[44,133441,133442,133444,133446,133448,133451,133453,133455,133457,133459,133461],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133443,604],{"class":50},[44,133445,55],{"class":54},[44,133447,75],{"class":62},[44,133449,133450],{"class":66}," | ",[44,133452,63],{"class":62},[44,133454,114],{"class":58},[44,133456,133120],{"class":117},[44,133458,121],{"class":58},[44,133460,4687],{"class":117},[44,133462,100],{"class":58},[44,133464,133465],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133466,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,133468,133469,133471,133473,133475],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,133470,136],{"class":135},[44,133472,121],{"class":58},[44,133474,632],{"class":117},[44,133476,100],{"class":58},[20,133478,247],{},[35,133480,133482],{"className":37,"code":133481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133483,133484],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133485,133486,133489,133491,133494,133496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133487,133488],{"class":50},"Ana ",[44,133490,113470],{"class":54},[44,133492,133493],{"class":50}," Ben ",[44,133495,113470],{"class":54},[44,133497,35664],{"class":50},[20,133499,133500,133501,114],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[270,133502,124718],{"href":50611},[30,133504,121494],{"id":121493},[338,133506,133508],{"id":133507},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[35,133510,133512],{"className":37,"code":133511,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133513,133514,133547,133567,133571],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133515,133516,133518,133520,133522,133524,133526,133528,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133543,133545],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133517,3720],{"class":50},[44,133519,55],{"class":54},[44,133521,3273],{"class":58},[44,133523,63],{"class":62},[44,133525,6946],{"class":66},[44,133527,63],{"class":62},[44,133529,72],{"class":58},[44,133531,75],{"class":62},[44,133533,11844],{"class":66},[44,133535,63],{"class":62},[44,133537,72],{"class":58},[44,133539,75],{"class":62},[44,133541,133542],{"class":66},"easy",[44,133544,63],{"class":62},[44,133546,3286],{"class":58},[44,133548,133549,133551,133553,133555,133557,133559,133561,133563,133565],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133550,604],{"class":50},[44,133552,55],{"class":54},[44,133554,75],{"class":62},[44,133556,75],{"class":62},[44,133558,114],{"class":58},[44,133560,133120],{"class":117},[44,133562,121],{"class":58},[44,133564,3762],{"class":117},[44,133566,100],{"class":58},[44,133568,133569],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133570,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,133572,133573,133575,133577,133579],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,133574,136],{"class":135},[44,133576,121],{"class":58},[44,133578,632],{"class":117},[44,133580,100],{"class":58},[20,133582,247],{},[35,133584,133586],{"className":37,"code":133585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python is easy\n",[15,133587,133588],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133589,133590,133592,133594],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133591,3225],{"class":50},[44,133593,11844],{"class":54},[44,133595,133596],{"class":50}," easy\n",[338,133598,133600],{"id":133599},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[35,133602,133604],{"className":37,"code":133603,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133605,133606,133641,133663,133667],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133607,133608,133610,133612,133614,133616,133619,133621,133623,133625,133628,133630,133632,133634,133637,133639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133609,7429],{"class":50},[44,133611,55],{"class":54},[44,133613,3273],{"class":58},[44,133615,63],{"class":62},[44,133617,133618],{"class":66},"apples",[44,133620,63],{"class":62},[44,133622,72],{"class":58},[44,133624,75],{"class":62},[44,133626,133627],{"class":66},"bananas",[44,133629,63],{"class":62},[44,133631,72],{"class":58},[44,133633,75],{"class":62},[44,133635,133636],{"class":66},"oranges",[44,133638,63],{"class":62},[44,133640,3286],{"class":58},[44,133642,133643,133645,133647,133649,133651,133653,133655,133657,133659,133661],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133644,604],{"class":50},[44,133646,55],{"class":54},[44,133648,75],{"class":62},[44,133650,1134],{"class":66},[44,133652,63],{"class":62},[44,133654,114],{"class":58},[44,133656,133120],{"class":117},[44,133658,121],{"class":58},[44,133660,7458],{"class":117},[44,133662,100],{"class":58},[44,133664,133665],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133666,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,133668,133669,133671,133673,133675],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,133670,136],{"class":135},[44,133672,121],{"class":58},[44,133674,632],{"class":117},[44,133676,100],{"class":58},[20,133678,247],{},[35,133680,133682],{"className":37,"code":133681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133683,133684],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133685,133686,133688,133690,133693,133695],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133687,133618],{"class":50},[44,133689,72],{"class":58},[44,133691,133692],{"class":50}," bananas",[44,133694,72],{"class":58},[44,133696,133697],{"class":50}," oranges\n",[338,133699,133701],{"id":133700},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[35,133703,133705],{"className":37,"code":133704,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133706,133707,133764,133782,133786],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133708,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740,133742,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758,133760,133762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133710,382],{"class":50},[44,133712,55],{"class":54},[44,133714,3273],{"class":58},[44,133716,63],{"class":62},[44,133718,133719],{"class":66},"P",[44,133721,63],{"class":62},[44,133723,72],{"class":58},[44,133725,75],{"class":62},[44,133727,11395],{"class":66},[44,133729,63],{"class":62},[44,133731,72],{"class":58},[44,133733,75],{"class":62},[44,133735,62918],{"class":66},[44,133737,63],{"class":62},[44,133739,72],{"class":58},[44,133741,75],{"class":62},[44,133743,60071],{"class":66},[44,133745,63],{"class":62},[44,133747,72],{"class":58},[44,133749,75],{"class":62},[44,133751,60106],{"class":66},[44,133753,63],{"class":62},[44,133755,72],{"class":58},[44,133757,75],{"class":62},[44,133759,75647],{"class":66},[44,133761,63],{"class":62},[44,133763,3286],{"class":58},[44,133765,133766,133768,133770,133772,133774,133776,133778,133780],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133767,604],{"class":50},[44,133769,55],{"class":54},[44,133771,5774],{"class":62},[44,133773,114],{"class":58},[44,133775,133120],{"class":117},[44,133777,121],{"class":58},[44,133779,444],{"class":117},[44,133781,100],{"class":58},[44,133783,133784],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133785,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,133787,133788,133790,133792,133794],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,133789,136],{"class":135},[44,133791,121],{"class":58},[44,133793,632],{"class":117},[44,133795,100],{"class":58},[20,133797,247],{},[35,133799,133801],{"className":37,"code":133800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python\n",[15,133802,133803],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133804,133805],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133806,133800],{"class":50},[338,133808,133810,133811,133813],{"id":133809},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133812,133043],{}," returns the result",[35,133815,133817],{"className":37,"code":133816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133818,133819,133852,133875,133879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133820,133821,133823,133825,133827,133829,133831,133833,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843,133845,133848,133850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133822,3720],{"class":50},[44,133824,55],{"class":54},[44,133826,3273],{"class":58},[44,133828,63],{"class":62},[44,133830,6234],{"class":66},[44,133832,63],{"class":62},[44,133834,72],{"class":58},[44,133836,75],{"class":62},[44,133838,78887],{"class":66},[44,133840,63],{"class":62},[44,133842,72],{"class":58},[44,133844,75],{"class":62},[44,133846,133847],{"class":66},"three",[44,133849,63],{"class":62},[44,133851,3286],{"class":58},[44,133853,133854,133857,133859,133861,133863,133865,133867,133869,133871,133873],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133855,133856],{"class":50},"joined_text ",[44,133858,55],{"class":54},[44,133860,75],{"class":62},[44,133862,1674],{"class":66},[44,133864,63],{"class":62},[44,133866,114],{"class":58},[44,133868,133120],{"class":117},[44,133870,121],{"class":58},[44,133872,3762],{"class":117},[44,133874,100],{"class":58},[44,133876,133877],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,133878,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,133880,133881,133883,133885,133888],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,133882,136],{"class":135},[44,133884,121],{"class":58},[44,133886,133887],{"class":117},"joined_text",[44,133889,100],{"class":58},[20,133891,247],{},[35,133893,133895],{"className":37,"code":133894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one-two-three\n",[15,133896,133897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133898,133899,133901,133903,133905,133907],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133900,6234],{"class":50},[44,133902,1674],{"class":54},[44,133904,78887],{"class":50},[44,133906,1674],{"class":54},[44,133908,133909],{"class":50},"three\n",[30,133911,133913],{"id":133912},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133915,133916],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[338,133918,133920,133923],{"id":133919},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133921,133922],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[35,133925,133927],{"className":37,"code":133926,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133928,133929,133953],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133930,133931,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949,133951],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133932,3720],{"class":50},[44,133934,55],{"class":54},[44,133936,3273],{"class":58},[44,133938,63],{"class":62},[44,133940,3495],{"class":66},[44,133942,63],{"class":62},[44,133944,72],{"class":58},[44,133946,75],{"class":62},[44,133948,60224],{"class":66},[44,133950,63],{"class":62},[44,133952,3286],{"class":58},[44,133954,133955,133957,133959,133961,133963,133965,133967,133969,133971],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,133956,136],{"class":135},[44,133958,121],{"class":58},[44,133960,63],{"class":62},[44,133962,75],{"class":62},[44,133964,114],{"class":58},[44,133966,133120],{"class":117},[44,133968,121],{"class":58},[44,133970,3762],{"class":117},[44,133972,244],{"class":58},[20,133974,247],{},[35,133976,133978],{"className":37,"code":133977,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n",[15,133979,133980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133981,133982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133983,133977],{"class":50},[338,133985,133987,133990],{"id":133986},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133988,133989],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[35,133992,133994],{"className":37,"code":133993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133995,133996,134028],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,133997,133998,134000,134002,134004,134006,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018,134020,134022,134024,134026],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,133999,51],{"class":50},[44,134001,55],{"class":54},[44,134003,3273],{"class":58},[44,134005,63],{"class":62},[44,134007,67],{"class":66},[44,134009,63],{"class":62},[44,134011,72],{"class":58},[44,134013,75],{"class":62},[44,134015,78],{"class":66},[44,134017,63],{"class":62},[44,134019,72],{"class":58},[44,134021,75],{"class":62},[44,134023,87],{"class":66},[44,134025,63],{"class":62},[44,134027,3286],{"class":58},[44,134029,134030,134032,134034,134036,134038,134040,134042,134044,134046,134048],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134031,136],{"class":135},[44,134033,121],{"class":58},[44,134035,63],{"class":62},[44,134037,1134],{"class":66},[44,134039,63],{"class":62},[44,134041,114],{"class":58},[44,134043,133120],{"class":117},[44,134045,121],{"class":58},[44,134047,734],{"class":117},[44,134049,244],{"class":58},[20,134051,247],{},[35,134053,134055],{"className":37,"code":134054,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134056,134057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134058,134059,134061,134063,134066,134068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134060,67],{"class":50},[44,134062,72],{"class":58},[44,134064,134065],{"class":50}," blue",[44,134067,72],{"class":58},[44,134069,35516],{"class":50},[20,134071,134072],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[338,134074,134076,134079],{"id":134075},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134077,134078],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[35,134081,134083],{"className":37,"code":134082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134084,134085,134117],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134086,134087,134089,134091,134093,134095,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134088,42473],{"class":50},[44,134090,55],{"class":54},[44,134092,3273],{"class":58},[44,134094,63],{"class":62},[44,134096,39],{"class":66},[44,134098,63],{"class":62},[44,134100,72],{"class":58},[44,134102,75],{"class":62},[44,134104,60805],{"class":66},[44,134106,63],{"class":62},[44,134108,72],{"class":58},[44,134110,75],{"class":62},[44,134112,133120],{"class":66},[44,134114,63],{"class":62},[44,134116,3286],{"class":58},[44,134118,134119,134121,134123,134125,134127,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134120,136],{"class":135},[44,134122,121],{"class":58},[44,134124,63],{"class":62},[44,134126,1674],{"class":66},[44,134128,63],{"class":62},[44,134130,114],{"class":58},[44,134132,133120],{"class":117},[44,134134,121],{"class":58},[44,134136,42505],{"class":117},[44,134138,244],{"class":58},[20,134140,247],{},[35,134142,134144],{"className":37,"code":134143,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"python-string-join\n",[15,134145,134146],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134147,134148,134150,134152,134154,134156],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134149,39],{"class":50},[44,134151,1674],{"class":54},[44,134153,60805],{"class":50},[44,134155,1674],{"class":54},[44,134157,134158],{"class":50},"join\n",[338,134160,134162,134165],{"id":134161},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134163,134164],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[35,134167,134169],{"className":37,"code":134168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134170,134171,134204],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134172,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134200,134202],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134174,112542],{"class":50},[44,134176,55],{"class":54},[44,134178,3273],{"class":58},[44,134180,63],{"class":62},[44,134182,21885],{"class":66},[44,134184,63],{"class":62},[44,134186,72],{"class":58},[44,134188,75],{"class":62},[44,134190,30240],{"class":66},[44,134192,63],{"class":62},[44,134194,72],{"class":58},[44,134196,75],{"class":62},[44,134198,134199],{"class":66},"C",[44,134201,63],{"class":62},[44,134203,3286],{"class":58},[44,134205,134206,134208,134210,134212,134214,134216,134218,134221],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134207,136],{"class":135},[44,134209,121],{"class":58},[44,134211,5920],{"class":62},[44,134213,114],{"class":58},[44,134215,133120],{"class":117},[44,134217,121],{"class":58},[44,134219,134220],{"class":117},"chars",[44,134222,244],{"class":58},[20,134224,247],{},[35,134226,134228],{"className":37,"code":134227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ABC\n",[15,134229,134230],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134231,134232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134233,134227],{"class":34094},[30,134235,134237],{"id":134236},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134239,134240,134242],{},[15,134241,133043],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[338,134244,134246],{"id":134245},"this-works","This works",[35,134248,134250],{"className":37,"code":134249,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134251,134252,134284],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134253,134254,134256,134258,134260,134262,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134255,922],{"class":50},[44,134257,55],{"class":54},[44,134259,3273],{"class":58},[44,134261,63],{"class":62},[44,134263,207],{"class":66},[44,134265,63],{"class":62},[44,134267,72],{"class":58},[44,134269,75],{"class":62},[44,134271,241],{"class":66},[44,134273,63],{"class":62},[44,134275,72],{"class":58},[44,134277,75],{"class":62},[44,134279,36479],{"class":66},[44,134281,63],{"class":62},[44,134283,3286],{"class":58},[44,134285,134286,134288,134290,134292,134294,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134287,136],{"class":135},[44,134289,121],{"class":58},[44,134291,63],{"class":62},[44,134293,1134],{"class":66},[44,134295,63],{"class":62},[44,134297,114],{"class":58},[44,134299,133120],{"class":117},[44,134301,121],{"class":58},[44,134303,962],{"class":117},[44,134305,244],{"class":58},[20,134307,247],{},[35,134309,134311],{"className":37,"code":134310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134312,134313],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134314,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134316,207],{"class":206},[44,134318,72],{"class":58},[44,134320,212],{"class":206},[44,134322,72],{"class":58},[44,134324,134325],{"class":206}," 30\n",[338,134327,134329],{"id":134328},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[35,134331,134333],{"className":37,"code":134332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134334,134335,134355],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134336,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134338,922],{"class":50},[44,134340,55],{"class":54},[44,134342,3273],{"class":58},[44,134344,1133],{"class":206},[44,134346,72],{"class":58},[44,134348,488],{"class":206},[44,134350,72],{"class":58},[44,134352,524],{"class":206},[44,134354,3286],{"class":58},[44,134356,134357,134359,134361,134363,134365,134367,134369,134371,134373,134375],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134358,136],{"class":135},[44,134360,121],{"class":58},[44,134362,63],{"class":62},[44,134364,1134],{"class":66},[44,134366,63],{"class":62},[44,134368,114],{"class":58},[44,134370,133120],{"class":117},[44,134372,121],{"class":58},[44,134374,962],{"class":117},[44,134376,244],{"class":58},[20,134378,89926,134379,134381],{},[15,134380,2650],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134383,134384],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[35,134386,134388],{"className":37,"code":134387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134389,134390,134410,134440,134444],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134391,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134393,922],{"class":50},[44,134395,55],{"class":54},[44,134397,3273],{"class":58},[44,134399,1133],{"class":206},[44,134401,72],{"class":58},[44,134403,488],{"class":206},[44,134405,72],{"class":58},[44,134407,524],{"class":206},[44,134409,3286],{"class":58},[44,134411,134412,134414,134416,134418,134420,134422,134424,134426,134428,134430,134432,134434,134436,134438],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134413,604],{"class":50},[44,134415,55],{"class":54},[44,134417,75],{"class":62},[44,134419,1134],{"class":66},[44,134421,63],{"class":62},[44,134423,114],{"class":58},[44,134425,133120],{"class":117},[44,134427,121],{"class":58},[44,134429,39496],{"class":135},[44,134431,121],{"class":58},[44,134433,3092],{"class":2546},[44,134435,72],{"class":58},[44,134437,3535],{"class":117},[44,134439,244],{"class":58},[44,134441,134442],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,134443,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,134445,134446,134448,134450,134452],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,134447,136],{"class":135},[44,134449,121],{"class":58},[44,134451,632],{"class":117},[44,134453,100],{"class":58},[20,134455,247],{},[35,134457,134459],{"className":37,"code":134458,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134460,134461],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134462,134463,134465,134467,134469,134471],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134464,1133],{"class":206},[44,134466,72],{"class":58},[44,134468,488],{"class":206},[44,134470,72],{"class":58},[44,134472,2221],{"class":206},[20,134474,134475,134476,114],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[270,134477,3225,134478,3158],{"href":41811},[15,134479,47321],{},[338,134481,134483,134485],{"id":134482},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134484,3428],{}," values do not work directly",[35,134487,134489],{"className":37,"code":134488,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134490,134491,134519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134492,134493,134495,134497,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134494,922],{"class":50},[44,134496,55],{"class":54},[44,134498,3273],{"class":58},[44,134500,63],{"class":62},[44,134502,1209],{"class":66},[44,134504,63],{"class":62},[44,134506,72],{"class":58},[44,134508,3503],{"class":3502},[44,134510,72],{"class":58},[44,134512,75],{"class":62},[44,134514,1218],{"class":66},[44,134516,63],{"class":62},[44,134518,3286],{"class":58},[44,134520,134521,134523,134525,134527,134529,134531,134533,134535,134537,134539],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134522,136],{"class":135},[44,134524,121],{"class":58},[44,134526,63],{"class":62},[44,134528,1134],{"class":66},[44,134530,63],{"class":62},[44,134532,114],{"class":58},[44,134534,133120],{"class":117},[44,134536,121],{"class":58},[44,134538,962],{"class":117},[44,134540,244],{"class":58},[20,134542,134543,134544,114],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134545,2650],{},[20,134547,134548],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[35,134550,134552],{"className":37,"code":134551,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134553,134554,134582,134612,134616],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134555,134556,134558,134560,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134557,922],{"class":50},[44,134559,55],{"class":54},[44,134561,3273],{"class":58},[44,134563,63],{"class":62},[44,134565,1209],{"class":66},[44,134567,63],{"class":62},[44,134569,72],{"class":58},[44,134571,3503],{"class":3502},[44,134573,72],{"class":58},[44,134575,75],{"class":62},[44,134577,1218],{"class":66},[44,134579,63],{"class":62},[44,134581,3286],{"class":58},[44,134583,134584,134586,134588,134590,134592,134594,134596,134598,134600,134602,134604,134606,134608,134610],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134585,604],{"class":50},[44,134587,55],{"class":54},[44,134589,75],{"class":62},[44,134591,1134],{"class":66},[44,134593,63],{"class":62},[44,134595,114],{"class":58},[44,134597,133120],{"class":117},[44,134599,121],{"class":58},[44,134601,39496],{"class":135},[44,134603,121],{"class":58},[44,134605,3092],{"class":2546},[44,134607,72],{"class":58},[44,134609,3535],{"class":117},[44,134611,244],{"class":58},[44,134613,134614],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,134615,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,134617,134618,134620,134622,134624],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,134619,136],{"class":135},[44,134621,121],{"class":58},[44,134623,632],{"class":117},[44,134625,100],{"class":58},[20,134627,247],{},[35,134629,134631],{"className":37,"code":134630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134632,134633],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134634,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134636,1209],{"class":50},[44,134638,72],{"class":58},[44,134640,3503],{"class":3502},[44,134642,72],{"class":58},[44,134644,134645],{"class":50}," banana\n",[20,134647,134648,134649,134651],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134650,3428],{}," values instead of converting them.",[338,134653,134655,134657],{"id":134654},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134656,133043],{}," also works with tuples",[35,134659,134661],{"className":37,"code":134660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134662,134663,134695],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134664,134665,134667,134669,134671,134673,134675,134677,134679,134681,134683,134685,134687,134689,134691,134693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134666,4643],{"class":50},[44,134668,55],{"class":54},[44,134670,59],{"class":58},[44,134672,63],{"class":62},[44,134674,7327],{"class":66},[44,134676,63],{"class":62},[44,134678,72],{"class":58},[44,134680,75],{"class":62},[44,134682,131049],{"class":66},[44,134684,63],{"class":62},[44,134686,72],{"class":58},[44,134688,75],{"class":62},[44,134690,7570],{"class":66},[44,134692,63],{"class":62},[44,134694,100],{"class":58},[44,134696,134697,134699,134701,134703,134706,134708,134710,134712,134714,134716],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134698,136],{"class":135},[44,134700,121],{"class":58},[44,134702,63],{"class":62},[44,134704,134705],{"class":66}," \u002F ",[44,134707,63],{"class":62},[44,134709,114],{"class":58},[44,134711,133120],{"class":117},[44,134713,121],{"class":58},[44,134715,4687],{"class":117},[44,134717,244],{"class":58},[20,134719,247],{},[35,134721,134723],{"className":37,"code":134722,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134724,134725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134726,134727,134730,134732,134735,134737],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134728,134729],{"class":50},"Sam ",[44,134731,126855],{"class":54},[44,134733,134734],{"class":50}," Lee ",[44,134736,126855],{"class":54},[44,134738,21974],{"class":50},[30,134740,134742,134743],{"id":134741},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134744,133043],{},[20,134746,134747],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[338,134749,134751,134752,134754],{"id":134750},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134753,2650],{}," because not all items are strings",[35,134756,134758],{"className":37,"code":134757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134759,134760,134788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134761,134762,134764,134766,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784,134786],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134763,7429],{"class":50},[44,134765,55],{"class":54},[44,134767,3273],{"class":58},[44,134769,63],{"class":62},[44,134771,270],{"class":66},[44,134773,63],{"class":62},[44,134775,72],{"class":58},[44,134777,488],{"class":206},[44,134779,72],{"class":58},[44,134781,75],{"class":62},[44,134783,408],{"class":66},[44,134785,63],{"class":62},[44,134787,3286],{"class":58},[44,134789,134790,134792,134794,134796,134798,134800,134802,134804,134806],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134791,136],{"class":135},[44,134793,121],{"class":58},[44,134795,63],{"class":62},[44,134797,75],{"class":62},[44,134799,114],{"class":58},[44,134801,133120],{"class":117},[44,134803,121],{"class":58},[44,134805,7458],{"class":117},[44,134807,244],{"class":58},[20,134809,48148,134810,134812],{},[15,134811,1137],{}," is an integer.",[20,134814,38899],{},[35,134816,134818],{"className":37,"code":134817,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134819,134820,134848],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134821,134822,134824,134826,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134823,7429],{"class":50},[44,134825,55],{"class":54},[44,134827,3273],{"class":58},[44,134829,63],{"class":62},[44,134831,270],{"class":66},[44,134833,63],{"class":62},[44,134835,72],{"class":58},[44,134837,488],{"class":206},[44,134839,72],{"class":58},[44,134841,75],{"class":62},[44,134843,408],{"class":66},[44,134845,63],{"class":62},[44,134847,3286],{"class":58},[44,134849,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864,134866,134868,134870,134872,134874],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134851,136],{"class":135},[44,134853,121],{"class":58},[44,134855,63],{"class":62},[44,134857,75],{"class":62},[44,134859,114],{"class":58},[44,134861,133120],{"class":117},[44,134863,121],{"class":58},[44,134865,39496],{"class":135},[44,134867,121],{"class":58},[44,134869,3092],{"class":2546},[44,134871,72],{"class":58},[44,134873,5614],{"class":117},[44,134875,2557],{"class":58},[20,134877,134878,134879,114],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[270,134880,25319,134882],{"href":134881},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134883,134884],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[338,134886,134888,134889,134891],{"id":134887},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134890,133043],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134893,4175],{},[35,134895,134897],{"className":37,"code":134896,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134898,134899,134931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134900,134901,134903,134905,134907,134909,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927,134929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134902,3720],{"class":50},[44,134904,55],{"class":54},[44,134906,3273],{"class":58},[44,134908,63],{"class":62},[44,134910,6946],{"class":66},[44,134912,63],{"class":62},[44,134914,72],{"class":58},[44,134916,75],{"class":62},[44,134918,11844],{"class":66},[44,134920,63],{"class":62},[44,134922,72],{"class":58},[44,134924,75],{"class":62},[44,134926,133101],{"class":66},[44,134928,63],{"class":62},[44,134930,3286],{"class":58},[44,134932,134933,134935,134937,134939,134941,134943,134945,134947,134949],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134934,604],{"class":50},[44,134936,55],{"class":54},[44,134938,5816],{"class":50},[44,134940,114],{"class":58},[44,134942,133120],{"class":117},[44,134944,121],{"class":58},[44,134946,63],{"class":62},[44,134948,75],{"class":62},[44,134950,100],{"class":58},[20,134952,134953,134955],{},[15,134954,133043],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134957,10457],{},[35,134959,134961],{"className":37,"code":134960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134962,134963,134995,135015,135019],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,134964,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,134966,3720],{"class":50},[44,134968,55],{"class":54},[44,134970,3273],{"class":58},[44,134972,63],{"class":62},[44,134974,6946],{"class":66},[44,134976,63],{"class":62},[44,134978,72],{"class":58},[44,134980,75],{"class":62},[44,134982,11844],{"class":66},[44,134984,63],{"class":62},[44,134986,72],{"class":58},[44,134988,75],{"class":62},[44,134990,133101],{"class":66},[44,134992,63],{"class":62},[44,134994,3286],{"class":58},[44,134996,134997,134999,135001,135003,135005,135007,135009,135011,135013],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,134998,604],{"class":50},[44,135000,55],{"class":54},[44,135002,75],{"class":62},[44,135004,75],{"class":62},[44,135006,114],{"class":58},[44,135008,133120],{"class":117},[44,135010,121],{"class":58},[44,135012,3762],{"class":117},[44,135014,100],{"class":58},[44,135016,135017],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135018,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,135020,135021,135023,135025,135027],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,135022,136],{"class":135},[44,135024,121],{"class":58},[44,135026,632],{"class":117},[44,135028,100],{"class":58},[338,135030,135032],{"id":135031},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[35,135034,135036],{"className":37,"code":135035,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135037,135038,135070],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135039,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066,135068],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135041,3720],{"class":50},[44,135043,55],{"class":54},[44,135045,3273],{"class":58},[44,135047,63],{"class":62},[44,135049,6234],{"class":66},[44,135051,63],{"class":62},[44,135053,72],{"class":58},[44,135055,75],{"class":62},[44,135057,78887],{"class":66},[44,135059,63],{"class":62},[44,135061,72],{"class":58},[44,135063,75],{"class":62},[44,135065,133847],{"class":66},[44,135067,63],{"class":62},[44,135069,3286],{"class":58},[44,135071,135072,135074,135076,135078,135080,135082,135084,135086],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,135073,136],{"class":135},[44,135075,121],{"class":58},[44,135077,5920],{"class":62},[44,135079,114],{"class":58},[44,135081,133120],{"class":117},[44,135083,121],{"class":58},[44,135085,3762],{"class":117},[44,135087,244],{"class":58},[20,135089,247],{},[35,135091,135093],{"className":37,"code":135092,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"onetwothree\n",[15,135094,135095],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135096,135097],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135098,135092],{"class":50},[20,135100,135101,135102,6280],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135103,133188],{},[338,135105,135107,135108,131311],{"id":135106},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135109,133043],{},[35,135111,135113],{"className":37,"code":135112,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135114,135115,135147,135165,135169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135116,135117,135119,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135118,3720],{"class":50},[44,135120,55],{"class":54},[44,135122,3273],{"class":58},[44,135124,63],{"class":62},[44,135126,270],{"class":66},[44,135128,63],{"class":62},[44,135130,72],{"class":58},[44,135132,75],{"class":62},[44,135134,399],{"class":66},[44,135136,63],{"class":62},[44,135138,72],{"class":58},[44,135140,75],{"class":62},[44,135142,408],{"class":66},[44,135144,63],{"class":62},[44,135146,3286],{"class":58},[44,135148,135149,135151,135153,135155,135157,135159,135161,135163],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,135150,63],{"class":42965},[44,135152,1674],{"class":42969},[44,135154,63],{"class":42965},[44,135156,114],{"class":58},[44,135158,133120],{"class":117},[44,135160,121],{"class":58},[44,135162,3762],{"class":117},[44,135164,100],{"class":58},[44,135166,135167],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135168,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,135170,135171,135173,135175,135177],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,135172,136],{"class":135},[44,135174,121],{"class":58},[44,135176,3762],{"class":117},[44,135178,100],{"class":58},[20,135180,247],{},[35,135182,135183],{"className":37,"code":42512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,135184,135185],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135186,135187,135189,135191,135193,135195,135197,135199,135201,135203,135205,135207,135209,135211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135188,1271],{"class":58},[44,135190,2948],{"class":62},[44,135192,270],{"class":66},[44,135194,2948],{"class":62},[44,135196,72],{"class":58},[44,135198,2943],{"class":62},[44,135200,399],{"class":66},[44,135202,2948],{"class":62},[44,135204,72],{"class":58},[44,135206,2943],{"class":62},[44,135208,408],{"class":66},[44,135210,2948],{"class":62},[44,135212,3286],{"class":58},[20,135214,135215,135216,135218],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135217,133043],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[30,135220,135222,135224,135225],{"id":135221},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135223,133043],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135226,1711],{},[20,135228,10241,135229,898,135231,135233],{},[15,135230,133043],{},[15,135232,1711],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[338,135235,651,135237,135239],{"id":135236},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135238,1711],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[35,135241,135243],{"className":37,"code":135242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135244,135245,135258,135271,135291,135295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135246,135247,135250,135252,135254,135256],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135248,135249],{"class":50},"first ",[44,135251,55],{"class":54},[44,135253,75],{"class":62},[44,135255,34509],{"class":66},[44,135257,3007],{"class":62},[44,135259,135260,135263,135265,135267,135269],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,135261,135262],{"class":50},"second ",[44,135264,55],{"class":54},[44,135266,75],{"class":62},[44,135268,89355],{"class":66},[44,135270,3007],{"class":62},[44,135272,135273,135275,135277,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135274,604],{"class":50},[44,135276,55],{"class":54},[44,135278,135279],{"class":50}," first ",[44,135281,1711],{"class":54},[44,135283,75],{"class":62},[44,135285,75],{"class":62},[44,135287,2100],{"class":54},[44,135289,135290],{"class":50}," second\n",[44,135292,135293],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,135294,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,135296,135297,135299,135301,135303],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,135298,136],{"class":135},[44,135300,121],{"class":58},[44,135302,632],{"class":117},[44,135304,100],{"class":58},[20,135306,247],{},[35,135308,135310],{"className":37,"code":135309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Hello World\n",[15,135311,135312],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135313,135314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135315,135309],{"class":50},[338,135317,651,135319,135321],{"id":135318},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135320,133043],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[35,135323,135325],{"className":37,"code":135324,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135326,135327,135369,135389,135393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135328,135329,135331,135333,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345,135348,135350,135352,135354,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365,135367],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135330,3720],{"class":50},[44,135332,55],{"class":54},[44,135334,3273],{"class":58},[44,135336,63],{"class":62},[44,135338,6946],{"class":66},[44,135340,63],{"class":62},[44,135342,72],{"class":58},[44,135344,75],{"class":62},[44,135346,135347],{"class":66},"makes",[44,135349,63],{"class":62},[44,135351,72],{"class":58},[44,135353,75],{"class":62},[44,135355,135356],{"class":66},"this",[44,135358,63],{"class":62},[44,135360,72],{"class":58},[44,135362,75],{"class":62},[44,135364,133542],{"class":66},[44,135366,63],{"class":62},[44,135368,3286],{"class":58},[44,135370,135371,135373,135375,135377,135379,135381,135383,135385,135387],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,135372,604],{"class":50},[44,135374,55],{"class":54},[44,135376,75],{"class":62},[44,135378,75],{"class":62},[44,135380,114],{"class":58},[44,135382,133120],{"class":117},[44,135384,121],{"class":58},[44,135386,3762],{"class":117},[44,135388,100],{"class":58},[44,135390,135391],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135392,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,135394,135395,135397,135399,135401],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,135396,136],{"class":135},[44,135398,121],{"class":58},[44,135400,632],{"class":117},[44,135402,100],{"class":58},[20,135404,247],{},[35,135406,135408],{"className":37,"code":135407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135409,135410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135411,135412],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135413,135407],{"class":50},[20,135415,135416,135418],{},[15,135417,133043],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[169,135420,135421,135424,135427],{},[172,135422,135423],{},"You already have a list of strings",[172,135425,135426],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[172,135428,135429,135430,135432],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135431,1711],{}," operators",[20,135434,135435,135436,114],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[270,135437,135439],{"href":135438},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[30,135441,135443],{"id":135442},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135445,8525,135446,135448],{},[15,135447,133043],{}," is not working, check these first:",[169,135450,135451,135454,135459,135468,135474],{},[172,135452,135453],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[172,135455,135456,135457],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135458,3428],{},[172,135460,135461,135462,10742,135465],{},"You may have written ",[15,135463,135464],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135466,135467],{},"string.join(...)",[172,135469,135470,135471,135473],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135472,133043],{}," to change the original iterable",[172,135475,135476],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135478,1340],{},[35,135480,135482],{"className":37,"code":135481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135483,135484,135498,135508,135532,135572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135485,135486,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135487,136],{"class":135},[44,135489,121],{"class":58},[44,135491,2868],{"class":2546},[44,135493,121],{"class":58},[44,135495,7458],{"class":117},[44,135497,244],{"class":58},[44,135499,135500,135502,135504,135506],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,135501,136],{"class":135},[44,135503,121],{"class":58},[44,135505,7458],{"class":117},[44,135507,100],{"class":58},[44,135509,135510,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135511,136],{"class":135},[44,135513,2631],{"class":58},[44,135515,2868],{"class":2546},[44,135517,121],{"class":58},[44,135519,22950],{"class":117},[44,135521,144],{"class":58},[44,135523,3527],{"class":805},[44,135525,5609],{"class":117},[44,135527,1383],{"class":805},[44,135529,5614],{"class":117},[44,135531,3538],{"class":58},[44,135533,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548,135550,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568,135570],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,135535,136],{"class":135},[44,135537,121],{"class":58},[44,135539,2948],{"class":62},[44,135541,2943],{"class":62},[44,135543,114],{"class":58},[44,135545,133120],{"class":117},[44,135547,2631],{"class":58},[44,135549,2948],{"class":62},[44,135551,270],{"class":66},[44,135553,2948],{"class":62},[44,135555,72],{"class":58},[44,135557,2943],{"class":62},[44,135559,399],{"class":66},[44,135561,2948],{"class":62},[44,135563,72],{"class":58},[44,135565,2943],{"class":62},[44,135567,408],{"class":66},[44,135569,2948],{"class":62},[44,135571,2644],{"class":58},[44,135573,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600,135602,135604,135606,135608,135610],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,135575,136],{"class":135},[44,135577,121],{"class":58},[44,135579,2948],{"class":62},[44,135581,1134],{"class":66},[44,135583,2948],{"class":62},[44,135585,114],{"class":58},[44,135587,133120],{"class":117},[44,135589,121],{"class":58},[44,135591,39496],{"class":135},[44,135593,121],{"class":58},[44,135595,3092],{"class":2546},[44,135597,72],{"class":58},[44,135599,3273],{"class":58},[44,135601,1133],{"class":206},[44,135603,72],{"class":58},[44,135605,488],{"class":206},[44,135607,72],{"class":58},[44,135609,524],{"class":206},[44,135611,36901],{"class":58},[20,135613,135614],{},"What these checks do:",[169,135616,135617,135625,135631,135637,135646],{},[172,135618,135619,135622,135623,7745],{},[15,135620,135621],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135624,7458],{},[172,135626,135627,135630],{},[15,135628,135629],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[172,135632,135633,135636],{},[15,135634,135635],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[172,135638,135639,135642,135643,135645],{},[15,135640,135641],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135644,133043],{}," behavior",[172,135647,135648,135651],{},[15,135649,135650],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[30,135653,1497],{"id":1496},[338,135655,12355,135657,135659],{"id":135656},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135658,133043],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135661,135662,135663,135665,135666,114],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135664,133043],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135667,135668],{},"map(str, values)",[338,135670,12355,135672,56800],{"id":135671},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135673,133043],{},[20,135675,135676],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[338,135678,27967,135680,62266],{"id":135679},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135681,133043],{},[20,135683,41788,135684,135686],{},[15,135685,133043],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[338,135688,1501,135690,39597],{"id":135689},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135691,135692],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135694,135695],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[338,135697,135699,135700,135702,135703,1547],{"id":135698},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135701,2650],{}," when using ",[15,135704,133043],{},[20,135706,135707],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[30,135709,1554],{"id":1553},[169,135711,135712,135717,135723,135729,135735],{},[172,135713,135714],{},[270,135715,135716],{"href":135438},"How to join strings in Python",[172,135718,135719],{},[270,135720,125963,135721,1180],{"href":128649},[15,135722,60164],{},[172,135724,135725],{},[270,135726,3225,135727,3158],{"href":41811},[15,135728,47321],{},[172,135730,135731],{},[270,135732,29987,135733],{"href":134881},[15,135734,134884],{},[172,135736,135737],{},[270,135738,124718],{"href":50611},[20,135740,96964,135741,135743],{},[15,135742,133043],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1583,135745,135746],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":135748},[135749,135750,135752,135755,135762,135772,135780,135790,135797,135798,135810],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":133160,"depth":103,"text":135751},"What join() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":135753},[135754],{"id":48647,"depth":132,"text":48648},{"id":121493,"depth":103,"text":121494,"children":135756},[135757,135758,135759,135760],{"id":133507,"depth":132,"text":133508},{"id":133599,"depth":132,"text":133600},{"id":133700,"depth":132,"text":133701},{"id":133809,"depth":132,"text":135761},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133912,"depth":103,"text":133913,"children":135763},[135764,135766,135768,135770],{"id":133919,"depth":132,"text":135765},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133986,"depth":132,"text":135767},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134075,"depth":132,"text":135769},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134161,"depth":132,"text":135771},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134236,"depth":103,"text":134237,"children":135773},[135774,135775,135776,135778],{"id":134245,"depth":132,"text":134246},{"id":134328,"depth":132,"text":134329},{"id":134482,"depth":132,"text":135777},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134654,"depth":132,"text":135779},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134741,"depth":103,"text":135781,"children":135782},"Common errors with join()",[135783,135785,135787,135788],{"id":134750,"depth":132,"text":135784},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134887,"depth":132,"text":135786},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135031,"depth":132,"text":135032},{"id":135106,"depth":132,"text":135789},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135221,"depth":103,"text":135791,"children":135792},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135793,135795],{"id":135236,"depth":132,"text":135794},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135318,"depth":132,"text":135796},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135442,"depth":103,"text":135443},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":135799},[135800,135802,135804,135806,135808],{"id":135656,"depth":132,"text":135801},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135671,"depth":132,"text":135803},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135679,"depth":132,"text":135805},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135689,"depth":132,"text":135807},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135698,"depth":132,"text":135809},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133035,"description":135811},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135818,"title":135819,"body":135820,"description":137388,"extension":1616,"meta":137389,"navigation":434,"path":137390,"seo":137391,"stem":137392,"__hash__":137393},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135821,"toc":137355},[135822,135827,135832,135834,135848,135893,135900,135905,135910,135912,135928,135937,135939,135941,135956,135958,135968,135970,136032,136034,136037,136098,136100,136116,136118,136131,136134,136181,136183,136189,136192,136195,136255,136263,136349,136353,136358,136360,136374,136377,136462,136465,136523,136534,136589,136591,136598,136604,136610,136654,136657,136704,136706,136708,136715,136717,136748,136751,136753,136784,136788,136791,136793,136833,136835,136878,136884,136889,136891,136918,136923,136926,136975,136979,136982,137057,137068,137071,137128,137135,137141,137149,137154,137161,137168,137186,137188,137242,137250,137252,137257,137260,137266,137272,137277,137280,137286,137292,137299,137307,137309,137352],[10,135823,122963,135825,18],{"id":135824},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135826,123693],{},[20,135828,122968,135829,135831],{},[15,135830,123693],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135833,23727],{},[169,135835,135836,135839,135842,135845],{},[172,135837,135838],{},"convert text to lowercase",[172,135840,135841],{},"compare text without case differences",[172,135843,135844],{},"clean up user input",[172,135846,135847],{},"make simple text matching easier",[35,135849,135851],{"className":37,"code":135850,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135852,135853,135866,135880],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135854,135855,135857,135859,135861,135864],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135856,34329],{"class":50},[44,135858,55],{"class":54},[44,135860,75],{"class":62},[44,135862,135863],{"class":66},"Hello WORLD",[44,135865,3007],{"class":62},[44,135867,135868,135870,135872,135874,135876,135878],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,135869,604],{"class":50},[44,135871,55],{"class":54},[44,135873,42478],{"class":50},[44,135875,114],{"class":58},[44,135877,8289],{"class":117},[44,135879,8292],{"class":58},[44,135881,135882,135884,135886,135888,135890],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,135883,136],{"class":135},[44,135885,121],{"class":58},[44,135887,632],{"class":117},[44,135889,144],{"class":58},[44,135891,135892],{"class":147},"  # hello world\n",[20,135894,135895,88578,135897,135899],{},[367,135896,83437],{},[15,135898,123693],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[30,135901,158,135903,161],{"id":135902},"what-lower-does",[15,135904,123693],{},[20,135906,135907,135909],{},[15,135908,123693],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135911,12703],{},[169,135913,135914,135919,135922,135925],{},[172,135915,135916,135918],{},[15,135917,123693],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[172,135920,135921],{},"It works on string objects",[172,135923,135924],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[172,135926,135927],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135929,124715,135930,135934,135935,114],{},[270,135931,135933],{"href":135932},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[270,135936,50612],{"href":50611},[30,135938,277],{"id":276},[20,135940,1809],{},[35,135942,135944],{"className":37,"code":135943,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.lower()\n",[15,135945,135946],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135947,135948,135950,135952,135954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135949,60805],{"class":50},[44,135951,114],{"class":58},[44,135953,8289],{"class":117},[44,135955,8292],{"class":58},[20,135957,43287],{},[169,135959,135960,135962,135965],{},[172,135961,97142],{},[172,135963,135964],{},"You call it directly on a string",[172,135966,135967],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135969,189],{},[35,135971,135973],{"className":37,"code":135972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135974,135975,135998,136002,136015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,135976,135977,135979,135981,135983,135986,135988,135990,135992,135995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,135978,136],{"class":135},[44,135980,121],{"class":58},[44,135982,63],{"class":62},[44,135984,135985],{"class":66},"HELLO",[44,135987,63],{"class":62},[44,135989,114],{"class":58},[44,135991,8289],{"class":117},[44,135993,135994],{"class":58},"())",[44,135996,135997],{"class":147},"  # hello\n",[44,135999,136000],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136001,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136003,136004,136006,136008,136010,136013],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136005,7525],{"class":50},[44,136007,55],{"class":54},[44,136009,75],{"class":62},[44,136011,136012],{"class":66},"PyThOn",[44,136014,3007],{"class":62},[44,136016,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025,136027,136029],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136018,136],{"class":135},[44,136020,121],{"class":58},[44,136022,7318],{"class":117},[44,136024,114],{"class":58},[44,136026,8289],{"class":117},[44,136028,135994],{"class":58},[44,136030,136031],{"class":147},"  # python\n",[30,136033,11124],{"id":11123},[20,136035,136036],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[35,136038,136040],{"className":37,"code":136039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136041,136042,136054,136058,136073,136077,136088],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136043,136044,136046,136048,136050,136052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136045,34329],{"class":50},[44,136047,55],{"class":54},[44,136049,75],{"class":62},[44,136051,135863],{"class":66},[44,136053,3007],{"class":62},[44,136055,136056],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136057,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136059,136060,136063,136065,136067,136069,136071],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136061,136062],{"class":50},"lower_text ",[44,136064,55],{"class":54},[44,136066,42478],{"class":50},[44,136068,114],{"class":58},[44,136070,8289],{"class":117},[44,136072,8292],{"class":58},[44,136074,136075],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136076,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136078,136079,136081,136083,136086],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,136080,136],{"class":135},[44,136082,121],{"class":58},[44,136084,136085],{"class":117},"lower_text",[44,136087,100],{"class":58},[44,136089,136090,136092,136094,136096],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,136091,136],{"class":135},[44,136093,121],{"class":58},[44,136095,34350],{"class":117},[44,136097,100],{"class":58},[20,136099,247],{},[35,136101,136103],{"className":37,"code":136102,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136104,136105,136109],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136106,136107],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136108,133977],{"class":50},[44,136110,136111,136113],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136112,131377],{"class":50},[44,136114,136115],{"class":34094},"WORLD\n",[20,136117,24247],{},[169,136119,136120,136125],{},[172,136121,136122,136124],{},[15,136123,123693],{}," returns the lowercase result",[172,136126,136127,136128,136130],{},"the original ",[15,136129,34350],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136132,136133],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[35,136135,136137],{"className":37,"code":136136,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136138,136139,136151,136165,136169],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136140,136141,136143,136145,136147,136149],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136142,34329],{"class":50},[44,136144,55],{"class":54},[44,136146,75],{"class":62},[44,136148,135863],{"class":66},[44,136150,3007],{"class":62},[44,136152,136153,136155,136157,136159,136161,136163],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136154,34329],{"class":50},[44,136156,55],{"class":54},[44,136158,42478],{"class":50},[44,136160,114],{"class":58},[44,136162,8289],{"class":117},[44,136164,8292],{"class":58},[44,136166,136167],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136168,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136170,136171,136173,136175,136177,136179],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136172,136],{"class":135},[44,136174,121],{"class":58},[44,136176,34350],{"class":117},[44,136178,144],{"class":58},[44,136180,135892],{"class":147},[30,136182,17063],{"id":17062},[20,136184,136185,21615,136187,114],{},[15,136186,123693],{},[367,136188,60805],{},[20,136190,136191],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136193,136194],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[35,136196,136198],{"className":37,"code":136197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136199,136200,136214,136218,136241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136201,136202,136205,136207,136209,136212],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136203,136204],{"class":50},"answer ",[44,136206,55],{"class":54},[44,136208,75],{"class":62},[44,136210,136211],{"class":66},"YES",[44,136213,3007],{"class":62},[44,136215,136216],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136217,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136219,136220,136222,136225,136227,136229,136231,136233,136235,136237,136239],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136221,806],{"class":805},[44,136223,136224],{"class":50}," answer",[44,136226,114],{"class":58},[44,136228,8289],{"class":117},[44,136230,7015],{"class":58},[44,136232,6056],{"class":54},[44,136234,75],{"class":62},[44,136236,8307],{"class":66},[44,136238,63],{"class":62},[44,136240,820],{"class":58},[44,136242,136243,136245,136247,136249,136251,136253],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136244,825],{"class":135},[44,136246,121],{"class":58},[44,136248,63],{"class":62},[44,136250,96451],{"class":66},[44,136252,63],{"class":62},[44,136254,100],{"class":58},[20,136256,136257,136258,1155],{},"This is especially useful with ",[270,136259,136260,136261,1950],{"href":7868},"the ",[15,136262,2603],{},[35,136264,136266],{"className":37,"code":136265,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136267,136268,136287,136291,136313,136328,136334],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136269,136270,136272,136274,136276,136278,136280,136283,136285],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136271,136204],{"class":50},[44,136273,55],{"class":54},[44,136275,7891],{"class":135},[44,136277,121],{"class":58},[44,136279,63],{"class":62},[44,136281,136282],{"class":66},"Type yes or no: ",[44,136284,63],{"class":62},[44,136286,100],{"class":58},[44,136288,136289],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136290,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136292,136293,136295,136297,136299,136301,136303,136305,136307,136309,136311],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136294,806],{"class":805},[44,136296,136224],{"class":50},[44,136298,114],{"class":58},[44,136300,8289],{"class":117},[44,136302,7015],{"class":58},[44,136304,6056],{"class":54},[44,136306,75],{"class":62},[44,136308,8307],{"class":66},[44,136310,63],{"class":62},[44,136312,820],{"class":58},[44,136314,136315,136317,136319,136321,136324,136326],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136316,825],{"class":135},[44,136318,121],{"class":58},[44,136320,63],{"class":62},[44,136322,136323],{"class":66},"You typed yes",[44,136325,63],{"class":62},[44,136327,100],{"class":58},[44,136329,136330,136332],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,136331,848],{"class":805},[44,136333,820],{"class":58},[44,136335,136336,136338,136340,136342,136345,136347],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,136337,825],{"class":135},[44,136339,121],{"class":58},[44,136341,63],{"class":62},[44,136343,136344],{"class":66},"You typed something else",[44,136346,63],{"class":62},[44,136348,100],{"class":58},[30,136350,136352],{"id":136351},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136354,136355,136357],{},[15,136356,123693],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136359,6992],{},[169,136361,136362,136365,136368,136371],{},[172,136363,136364],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[172,136366,136367],{},"Make text matching easier",[172,136369,136370],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[172,136372,136373],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136375,136376],{},"Example: checking user input",[35,136378,136380],{"className":37,"code":136379,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136381,136382,136400,136404,136426,136441,136447],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136383,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136385,44596],{"class":50},[44,136387,55],{"class":54},[44,136389,7891],{"class":135},[44,136391,121],{"class":58},[44,136393,63],{"class":62},[44,136395,44607],{"class":66},[44,136397,63],{"class":62},[44,136399,100],{"class":58},[44,136401,136402],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136403,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136405,136406,136408,136410,136412,136414,136416,136418,136420,136422,136424],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136407,806],{"class":805},[44,136409,35493],{"class":50},[44,136411,114],{"class":58},[44,136413,8289],{"class":117},[44,136415,7015],{"class":58},[44,136417,6056],{"class":54},[44,136419,75],{"class":62},[44,136421,78],{"class":66},[44,136423,63],{"class":62},[44,136425,820],{"class":58},[44,136427,136428,136430,136432,136434,136437,136439],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136429,825],{"class":135},[44,136431,121],{"class":58},[44,136433,63],{"class":62},[44,136435,136436],{"class":66},"Nice choice!",[44,136438,63],{"class":62},[44,136440,100],{"class":58},[44,136442,136443,136445],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,136444,848],{"class":805},[44,136446,820],{"class":58},[44,136448,136449,136451,136453,136455,136458,136460],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,136450,825],{"class":135},[44,136452,121],{"class":58},[44,136454,63],{"class":62},[44,136456,136457],{"class":66},"Got it.",[44,136459,63],{"class":62},[44,136461,100],{"class":58},[20,136463,136464],{},"Example: simple search",[35,136466,136468],{"className":37,"code":136467,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136469,136470,136483,136487,136508],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136471,136472,136474,136476,136478,136481],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136473,89622],{"class":50},[44,136475,55],{"class":54},[44,136477,75],{"class":62},[44,136479,136480],{"class":66},"Python Is Fun",[44,136482,3007],{"class":62},[44,136484,136485],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136486,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136488,136489,136491,136493,136495,136497,136499,136502,136504,136506],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136490,806],{"class":805},[44,136492,75],{"class":62},[44,136494,39],{"class":66},[44,136496,63],{"class":62},[44,136498,815],{"class":54},[44,136500,136501],{"class":50}," message",[44,136503,114],{"class":58},[44,136505,8289],{"class":117},[44,136507,21235],{"class":58},[44,136509,136510,136512,136514,136516,136519,136521],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136511,825],{"class":135},[44,136513,121],{"class":58},[44,136515,63],{"class":62},[44,136517,136518],{"class":66},"Found it",[44,136520,63],{"class":62},[44,136522,100],{"class":58},[20,136524,136525,136526,136528,136529,1155],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136527,123693],{}," is often used with ",[270,136530,136532],{"href":136531},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136533,41289],{},[35,136535,136537],{"className":37,"code":136536,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136538,136539,136552,136571,136575],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136540,136541,136543,136545,136547,136550],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136542,7525],{"class":50},[44,136544,55],{"class":54},[44,136546,75],{"class":62},[44,136548,136549],{"class":66},"  ALICE  ",[44,136551,3007],{"class":62},[44,136553,136554,136557,136559,136561,136563,136565,136567,136569],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136555,136556],{"class":50},"clean_name ",[44,136558,55],{"class":54},[44,136560,35634],{"class":50},[44,136562,114],{"class":58},[44,136564,8283],{"class":117},[44,136566,8286],{"class":58},[44,136568,8289],{"class":117},[44,136570,8292],{"class":58},[44,136572,136573],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136574,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136576,136577,136579,136581,136584,136586],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136578,136],{"class":135},[44,136580,121],{"class":58},[44,136582,136583],{"class":117},"clean_name",[44,136585,144],{"class":58},[44,136587,136588],{"class":147},"  # alice\n",[30,136590,15244],{"id":15243},[20,136592,136593,136594,136597],{},"Strings are ",[367,136595,136596],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136599,136600,136601,136603],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136602,123693],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136605,136606,136607,136609],{},"So this does ",[367,136608,881],{}," update the original variable:",[35,136611,136613],{"className":37,"code":136612,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136614,136615,136627,136637,136641],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136616,136617,136619,136621,136623,136625],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136618,34329],{"class":50},[44,136620,55],{"class":54},[44,136622,75],{"class":62},[44,136624,135985],{"class":66},[44,136626,3007],{"class":62},[44,136628,136629,136631,136633,136635],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136630,34350],{"class":50},[44,136632,114],{"class":58},[44,136634,8289],{"class":117},[44,136636,8292],{"class":58},[44,136638,136639],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136640,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136642,136643,136645,136647,136649,136651],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136644,136],{"class":135},[44,136646,121],{"class":58},[44,136648,34350],{"class":117},[44,136650,144],{"class":58},[44,136652,136653],{"class":147},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136655,136656],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[35,136658,136660],{"className":37,"code":136659,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136661,136662,136674,136688,136692],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136663,136664,136666,136668,136670,136672],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136665,34329],{"class":50},[44,136667,55],{"class":54},[44,136669,75],{"class":62},[44,136671,135985],{"class":66},[44,136673,3007],{"class":62},[44,136675,136676,136678,136680,136682,136684,136686],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136677,34329],{"class":50},[44,136679,55],{"class":54},[44,136681,42478],{"class":50},[44,136683,114],{"class":58},[44,136685,8289],{"class":117},[44,136687,8292],{"class":58},[44,136689,136690],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136691,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136693,136694,136696,136698,136700,136702],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136695,136],{"class":135},[44,136697,121],{"class":58},[44,136699,34350],{"class":117},[44,136701,144],{"class":58},[44,136703,135997],{"class":147},[30,136705,1299],{"id":1298},[338,136707,25327],{"id":25326},[20,136709,136710,136711,10742,136713,114],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136712,8289],{},[15,136714,123693],{},[20,136716,16291],{},[35,136718,136720],{"className":37,"code":136719,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136721,136722,136734],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136723,136724,136726,136728,136730,136732],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136725,34329],{"class":50},[44,136727,55],{"class":54},[44,136729,75],{"class":62},[44,136731,135985],{"class":66},[44,136733,3007],{"class":62},[44,136735,136736,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136737,136],{"class":135},[44,136739,121],{"class":58},[44,136741,34350],{"class":117},[44,136743,114],{"class":58},[44,136745,8289],{"class":24390},[44,136747,100],{"class":58},[20,136749,136750],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136752,16303],{},[35,136754,136756],{"className":37,"code":136755,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136757,136758,136770],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136759,136760,136762,136764,136766,136768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136761,34329],{"class":50},[44,136763,55],{"class":54},[44,136765,75],{"class":62},[44,136767,135985],{"class":66},[44,136769,3007],{"class":62},[44,136771,136772,136774,136776,136778,136780,136782],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136773,136],{"class":135},[44,136775,121],{"class":58},[44,136777,34350],{"class":117},[44,136779,114],{"class":58},[44,136781,8289],{"class":117},[44,136783,6843],{"class":58},[338,136785,136787],{"id":136786},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136789,136790],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136792,16291],{},[35,136794,136796],{"className":37,"code":136795,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136797,136798,136810,136820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136799,136800,136802,136804,136806,136808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136801,34329],{"class":50},[44,136803,55],{"class":54},[44,136805,75],{"class":62},[44,136807,135985],{"class":66},[44,136809,3007],{"class":62},[44,136811,136812,136814,136816,136818],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136813,34350],{"class":50},[44,136815,114],{"class":58},[44,136817,8289],{"class":117},[44,136819,8292],{"class":58},[44,136821,136822,136824,136826,136828,136830],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136823,136],{"class":135},[44,136825,121],{"class":58},[44,136827,34350],{"class":117},[44,136829,144],{"class":58},[44,136831,136832],{"class":147},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136834,16303],{},[35,136836,136838],{"className":37,"code":136837,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136839,136840,136852,136866],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136841,136842,136844,136846,136848,136850],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136843,34329],{"class":50},[44,136845,55],{"class":54},[44,136847,75],{"class":62},[44,136849,135985],{"class":66},[44,136851,3007],{"class":62},[44,136853,136854,136856,136858,136860,136862,136864],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136855,34329],{"class":50},[44,136857,55],{"class":54},[44,136859,42478],{"class":50},[44,136861,114],{"class":58},[44,136863,8289],{"class":117},[44,136865,8292],{"class":58},[44,136867,136868,136870,136872,136874,136876],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136869,136],{"class":135},[44,136871,121],{"class":58},[44,136873,34350],{"class":117},[44,136875,144],{"class":58},[44,136877,135997],{"class":147},[338,136879,895,136881,136883],{"id":136880},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136882,123693],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136885,136886,136888],{},[15,136887,123693],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136890,16291],{},[35,136892,136894],{"className":37,"code":136893,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136895,136896,136904],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136897,136898,136900,136902],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136899,1865],{"class":50},[44,136901,55],{"class":54},[44,136903,124645],{"class":206},[44,136905,136906,136908,136910,136912,136914,136916],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136907,136],{"class":135},[44,136909,121],{"class":58},[44,136911,1887],{"class":117},[44,136913,114],{"class":58},[44,136915,8289],{"class":117},[44,136917,6843],{"class":58},[20,136919,136920,136921,33241],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136922,123693],{},[20,136924,136925],{},"You can check the type first:",[35,136927,136929],{"className":37,"code":136928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136930,136931,136943,136947,136961],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136932,136933,136935,136937,136939,136941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136934,34329],{"class":50},[44,136936,55],{"class":54},[44,136938,75],{"class":62},[44,136940,135985],{"class":66},[44,136942,3007],{"class":62},[44,136944,136945],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,136946,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,136948,136949,136951,136953,136955,136957,136959],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,136950,136],{"class":135},[44,136952,121],{"class":58},[44,136954,2868],{"class":2546},[44,136956,121],{"class":58},[44,136958,34350],{"class":117},[44,136960,244],{"class":58},[44,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136971,136973],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,136964,136],{"class":135},[44,136966,121],{"class":58},[44,136968,34350],{"class":117},[44,136970,114],{"class":58},[44,136972,8289],{"class":117},[44,136974,6843],{"class":58},[338,136976,136978],{"id":136977},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136980,136981],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[35,136983,136985],{"className":37,"code":136984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136986,136987,137000,137004,137021,137036,137042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,136988,136989,136991,136993,136995,136998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,136990,136204],{"class":50},[44,136992,55],{"class":54},[44,136994,75],{"class":62},[44,136996,136997],{"class":66},"Yes",[44,136999,3007],{"class":62},[44,137001,137002],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137003,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,137005,137006,137008,137011,137013,137015,137017,137019],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137007,806],{"class":805},[44,137009,137010],{"class":50}," answer ",[44,137012,4337],{"class":54},[44,137014,75],{"class":62},[44,137016,8307],{"class":66},[44,137018,63],{"class":62},[44,137020,820],{"class":58},[44,137022,137023,137025,137027,137029,137032,137034],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,137024,825],{"class":135},[44,137026,121],{"class":58},[44,137028,63],{"class":62},[44,137030,137031],{"class":66},"Match",[44,137033,63],{"class":62},[44,137035,100],{"class":58},[44,137037,137038,137040],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,137039,848],{"class":805},[44,137041,820],{"class":58},[44,137043,137044,137046,137048,137050,137053,137055],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,137045,825],{"class":135},[44,137047,121],{"class":58},[44,137049,63],{"class":62},[44,137051,137052],{"class":66},"No match",[44,137054,63],{"class":62},[44,137056,100],{"class":58},[20,137058,28700,137059,898,137062,137065,137066,114],{},[15,137060,137061],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137063,137064],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137067,137052],{},[20,137069,137070],{},"Better:",[35,137072,137074],{"className":37,"code":137073,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137075,137076,137088,137092,137114],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137077,137078,137080,137082,137084,137086],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137079,136204],{"class":50},[44,137081,55],{"class":54},[44,137083,75],{"class":62},[44,137085,136997],{"class":66},[44,137087,3007],{"class":62},[44,137089,137090],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137091,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,137093,137094,137096,137098,137100,137102,137104,137106,137108,137110,137112],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137095,806],{"class":805},[44,137097,136224],{"class":50},[44,137099,114],{"class":58},[44,137101,8289],{"class":117},[44,137103,7015],{"class":58},[44,137105,6056],{"class":54},[44,137107,75],{"class":62},[44,137109,8307],{"class":66},[44,137111,63],{"class":62},[44,137113,820],{"class":58},[44,137115,137116,137118,137120,137122,137124,137126],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,137117,825],{"class":135},[44,137119,121],{"class":58},[44,137121,63],{"class":62},[44,137123,137031],{"class":66},[44,137125,63],{"class":62},[44,137127,100],{"class":58},[338,137129,43850,137131,137134],{"id":137130},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137132,137133],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137136,137137,137138,137140],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137139,123693],{}," is enough.",[20,137142,137143,137144,137146,137147,114],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137145,137133],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137148,123693],{},[20,137150,137151,137152,122205],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137153,123693],{},[30,137155,137157,10236,137159],{"id":137156},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137158,123693],{},[15,137160,127841],{},[20,137162,137163,898,137165,137167],{},[15,137164,123693],{},[15,137166,127841],{}," are very similar.",[169,137169,137170,137175,137180,137183],{},[172,137171,137172,137174],{},[15,137173,123693],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[172,137176,137177,137179],{},[15,137178,127841],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[172,137181,137182],{},"Both return new strings",[172,137184,137185],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137187,189],{},[35,137189,137191],{"className":37,"code":137190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137192,137193,137205,137209,137225],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137194,137195,137197,137199,137201,137203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137196,34329],{"class":50},[44,137198,55],{"class":54},[44,137200,75],{"class":62},[44,137202,128681],{"class":66},[44,137204,3007],{"class":62},[44,137206,137207],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137208,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,137210,137211,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221,137223],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137212,136],{"class":135},[44,137214,121],{"class":58},[44,137216,34350],{"class":117},[44,137218,114],{"class":58},[44,137220,8289],{"class":117},[44,137222,135994],{"class":58},[44,137224,135892],{"class":147},[44,137226,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235,137237,137239],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,137228,136],{"class":135},[44,137230,121],{"class":58},[44,137232,34350],{"class":117},[44,137234,114],{"class":58},[44,137236,34119],{"class":117},[44,137238,135994],{"class":58},[44,137240,137241],{"class":147},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137243,137244,137245,114],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[270,137246,125963,137248,1180],{"href":137247},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137249,127841],{},[30,137251,1497],{"id":1496},[338,137253,12355,137255,124290],{"id":137254},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137256,123693],{},[20,137258,137259],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[338,137261,12355,137263,137265],{"id":137262},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137264,123693],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137267,137268,137269,114],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137270,137271],{},"string.lower()",[338,137273,1501,137275,1504],{"id":137274},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137276,123693],{},[20,137278,137279],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[338,137281,27967,137283,137285],{"id":137282},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137284,123693],{}," on user input?",[20,137287,137288,137289,137291],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137290,2603],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[338,137293,4828,137295,898,137297,1547],{"id":137294},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137296,123693],{},[15,137298,137133],{},[20,137300,137301,137303,137304,137306],{},[15,137302,123693],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137305,137133],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[30,137308,1554],{"id":1553},[169,137310,137311,137315,137321,137327,137333,137337,137341,137347],{},[172,137312,137313],{},[270,137314,50612],{"href":50611},[172,137316,137317],{},[270,137318,125963,137319,1180],{"href":137247},[15,137320,127841],{},[172,137322,137323],{},[270,137324,125963,137325,1180],{"href":136531},[15,137326,41289],{},[172,137328,137329],{},[270,137330,125963,137331,1180],{"href":129542},[15,137332,124134],{},[172,137334,137335],{},[270,137336,124362],{"href":123218},[172,137338,137339],{},[270,137340,90298],{"href":89307},[172,137342,137343],{},[270,137344,3225,137345,3158],{"href":7868},[15,137346,2603],{},[172,137348,137349],{},[270,137350,137351],{"href":135932},"What is a string in Python?",[1583,137353,137354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":137356},[137357,137359,137360,137361,137362,137363,137364,137373,137375,137387],{"id":135902,"depth":103,"text":137358},"What lower() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":136351,"depth":103,"text":136352},{"id":15243,"depth":103,"text":15244},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":137365},[137366,137367,137368,137370,137371],{"id":25326,"depth":132,"text":25327},{"id":136786,"depth":132,"text":136787},{"id":136880,"depth":132,"text":137369},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136977,"depth":132,"text":136978},{"id":137130,"depth":132,"text":137372},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137156,"depth":103,"text":137374},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":137376},[137377,137379,137381,137383,137385],{"id":137254,"depth":132,"text":137378},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137262,"depth":132,"text":137380},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137274,"depth":132,"text":137382},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137282,"depth":132,"text":137384},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137294,"depth":132,"text":137386},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135819,"description":137388},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137395,"title":137396,"body":137397,"description":138947,"extension":1616,"meta":138948,"navigation":434,"path":138949,"seo":138950,"stem":138951,"__hash__":138952},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137398,"toc":138908},[137399,137404,137409,137415,137430,137432,137492,137494,137503,137509,137514,137519,137521,137535,137539,137541,137588,137590,137608,137610,137613,137684,137686,137700,137703,137715,137724,137728,137733,137738,137742,137808,137810,137819,137823,137888,137890,137899,137902,137907,137911,137916,137920,137981,137983,137992,137996,137999,138055,138057,138066,138069,138082,138084,138088,138095,138157,138159,138172,138178,138181,138188,138193,138198,138201,138209,138211,138272,138274,138283,138286,138333,138336,138383,138385,138390,138407,138414,138419,138472,138474,138482,138484,138541,138543,138551,138555,138602,138604,138612,138620,138624,138672,138674,138683,138688,138739,138741,138750,138757,138760,138781,138783,138788,138791,138795,138798,138802,138805,138832,138838,138841,138868,138873,138875,138877,138905],[10,137400,122963,137402,18],{"id":137401},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137403,124134],{},[20,137405,122968,137406,137408],{},[15,137407,124134],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137410,137411,137412,137414],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137413,124134],{},". You will learn:",[169,137416,137417,137421,137424,137427],{},[172,137418,25659,137419,161],{},[15,137420,124134],{},[172,137422,137423],{},"how its syntax works",[172,137425,137426],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[172,137428,137429],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[30,137431,33],{"id":32},[35,137433,137435],{"className":37,"code":137434,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137436,137437,137450,137482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137438,137439,137441,137443,137445,137448],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137440,34329],{"class":50},[44,137442,55],{"class":54},[44,137444,75],{"class":62},[44,137446,137447],{"class":66},"I like cats",[44,137449,3007],{"class":62},[44,137451,137452,137454,137456,137458,137460,137462,137464,137466,137469,137471,137473,137475,137478,137480],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137453,129800],{"class":50},[44,137455,55],{"class":54},[44,137457,42478],{"class":50},[44,137459,114],{"class":58},[44,137461,34641],{"class":117},[44,137463,121],{"class":58},[44,137465,63],{"class":62},[44,137467,137468],{"class":66},"cats",[44,137470,63],{"class":62},[44,137472,72],{"class":58},[44,137474,75],{"class":62},[44,137476,137477],{"class":66},"dogs",[44,137479,63],{"class":62},[44,137481,100],{"class":58},[44,137483,137484,137486,137488,137490],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137485,136],{"class":135},[44,137487,121],{"class":58},[44,137489,129831],{"class":117},[44,137491,100],{"class":58},[20,137493,247],{},[35,137495,137497],{"className":37,"code":137496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like dogs\n",[15,137498,137499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137500,137501],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137502,137496],{"class":50},[20,137504,651,137505,137508],{},[15,137506,137507],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[30,137510,158,137512,161],{"id":137511},"what-replace-does",[15,137513,124134],{},[20,137515,137516,137518],{},[15,137517,124134],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137520,12703],{},[169,137522,137523,137525,137527,137530],{},[172,137524,133209],{},[172,137526,135927],{},[172,137528,137529],{},"It works on exact matches",[172,137531,137532,137533],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137534,1401],{},[20,137536,124715,137537,114],{},[270,137538,124718],{"href":50611},[30,137540,5079],{"id":5078},[35,137542,137544],{"className":37,"code":137543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137545,137546,137566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137547,137548,137550,137552,137554,137556,137559,137561,137564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137549,60805],{"class":50},[44,137551,114],{"class":58},[44,137553,34641],{"class":117},[44,137555,121],{"class":58},[44,137557,137558],{"class":117},"old",[44,137560,72],{"class":58},[44,137562,137563],{"class":117}," new",[44,137565,100],{"class":58},[44,137567,137568,137570,137572,137574,137576,137578,137580,137582,137584,137586],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137569,60805],{"class":50},[44,137571,114],{"class":58},[44,137573,34641],{"class":117},[44,137575,121],{"class":58},[44,137577,137558],{"class":117},[44,137579,72],{"class":58},[44,137581,137563],{"class":117},[44,137583,72],{"class":58},[44,137585,49240],{"class":117},[44,137587,100],{"class":58},[338,137589,341],{"id":340},[169,137591,137592,137597,137603],{},[172,137593,137594,137596],{},[15,137595,137558],{}," = the text to find",[172,137598,137599,137602],{},[15,137600,137601],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[172,137604,137605,137607],{},[15,137606,1401],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[30,137609,5435],{"id":5434},[20,137611,137612],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[35,137614,137616],{"className":37,"code":137615,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137617,137618,137630,137660,137664,137674],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137619,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137621,34329],{"class":50},[44,137623,55],{"class":54},[44,137625,75],{"class":62},[44,137627,137447],{"class":66},[44,137629,3007],{"class":62},[44,137631,137632,137634,137636,137638,137640,137642,137644,137646,137648,137650,137652,137654,137656,137658],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137633,129800],{"class":50},[44,137635,55],{"class":54},[44,137637,42478],{"class":50},[44,137639,114],{"class":58},[44,137641,34641],{"class":117},[44,137643,121],{"class":58},[44,137645,63],{"class":62},[44,137647,137468],{"class":66},[44,137649,63],{"class":62},[44,137651,72],{"class":58},[44,137653,75],{"class":62},[44,137655,137477],{"class":66},[44,137657,63],{"class":62},[44,137659,100],{"class":58},[44,137661,137662],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137663,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,137665,137666,137668,137670,137672],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,137667,136],{"class":135},[44,137669,121],{"class":58},[44,137671,34350],{"class":117},[44,137673,100],{"class":58},[44,137675,137676,137678,137680,137682],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,137677,136],{"class":135},[44,137679,121],{"class":58},[44,137681,129831],{"class":117},[44,137683,100],{"class":58},[20,137685,247],{},[35,137687,137689],{"className":37,"code":137688,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137690,137691,137696],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137692,137693],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137694,137695],{"class":50},"I like cats\n",[44,137697,137698],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137699,137496],{"class":50},[20,137701,137702],{},"Notice what happened:",[169,137704,137705,137710],{},[172,137706,137707,137709],{},[15,137708,34350],{}," did not change",[172,137711,137712,137714],{},[15,137713,129831],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137716,137717,137718,137720,137721,137723],{},"This happens because strings are ",[367,137719,136596],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137722,124134],{}," return a new string instead.",[30,137725,137727],{"id":137726},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137729,89316,137730,137732],{},[15,137731,124134],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137734,137735,137736,36259],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137737,1401],{},[338,137739,137741],{"id":137740},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[35,137743,137745],{"className":37,"code":137744,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137746,137747,137760,137794,137798],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137748,137749,137751,137753,137755,137758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137750,34329],{"class":50},[44,137752,55],{"class":54},[44,137754,75],{"class":62},[44,137756,137757],{"class":66},"cat cat cat",[44,137759,3007],{"class":62},[44,137761,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770,137772,137774,137776,137778,137780,137782,137784,137786,137788,137790,137792],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137763,604],{"class":50},[44,137765,55],{"class":54},[44,137767,42478],{"class":50},[44,137769,114],{"class":58},[44,137771,34641],{"class":117},[44,137773,121],{"class":58},[44,137775,63],{"class":62},[44,137777,569],{"class":66},[44,137779,63],{"class":62},[44,137781,72],{"class":58},[44,137783,75],{"class":62},[44,137785,578],{"class":66},[44,137787,63],{"class":62},[44,137789,72],{"class":58},[44,137791,519],{"class":206},[44,137793,100],{"class":58},[44,137795,137796],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137797,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,137799,137800,137802,137804,137806],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,137801,136],{"class":135},[44,137803,121],{"class":58},[44,137805,632],{"class":117},[44,137807,100],{"class":58},[20,137809,247],{},[35,137811,137813],{"className":37,"code":137812,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137814,137815],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137816,137817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137818,137812],{"class":50},[338,137820,137822],{"id":137821},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[35,137824,137826],{"className":37,"code":137825,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137827,137828,137840,137874,137878],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137829,137830,137832,137834,137836,137838],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137831,34329],{"class":50},[44,137833,55],{"class":54},[44,137835,75],{"class":62},[44,137837,137757],{"class":66},[44,137839,3007],{"class":62},[44,137841,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850,137852,137854,137856,137858,137860,137862,137864,137866,137868,137870,137872],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137843,604],{"class":50},[44,137845,55],{"class":54},[44,137847,42478],{"class":50},[44,137849,114],{"class":58},[44,137851,34641],{"class":117},[44,137853,121],{"class":58},[44,137855,63],{"class":62},[44,137857,569],{"class":66},[44,137859,63],{"class":62},[44,137861,72],{"class":58},[44,137863,75],{"class":62},[44,137865,578],{"class":66},[44,137867,63],{"class":62},[44,137869,72],{"class":58},[44,137871,488],{"class":206},[44,137873,100],{"class":58},[44,137875,137876],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137877,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,137879,137880,137882,137884,137886],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,137881,136],{"class":135},[44,137883,121],{"class":58},[44,137885,632],{"class":117},[44,137887,100],{"class":58},[20,137889,247],{},[35,137891,137893],{"className":37,"code":137892,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137894,137895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137896,137897],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137898,137892],{"class":50},[20,137900,137901],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137903,137904,137905,114],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[270,137906,127687],{"href":124131},[30,137908,137910],{"id":137909},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137912,137913,137915],{},[15,137914,124134],{}," can also change single characters.",[338,137917,137919],{"id":137918},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[35,137921,137923],{"className":37,"code":137922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137924,137925,137937,137967,137971],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137926,137927,137929,137931,137933,137935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137928,34329],{"class":50},[44,137930,55],{"class":54},[44,137932,75],{"class":62},[44,137934,1218],{"class":66},[44,137936,3007],{"class":62},[44,137938,137939,137941,137943,137945,137947,137949,137951,137953,137955,137957,137959,137961,137963,137965],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,137940,604],{"class":50},[44,137942,55],{"class":54},[44,137944,42478],{"class":50},[44,137946,114],{"class":58},[44,137948,34641],{"class":117},[44,137950,121],{"class":58},[44,137952,63],{"class":62},[44,137954,270],{"class":66},[44,137956,63],{"class":62},[44,137958,72],{"class":58},[44,137960,75],{"class":62},[44,137962,60106],{"class":66},[44,137964,63],{"class":62},[44,137966,100],{"class":58},[44,137968,137969],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,137970,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,137972,137973,137975,137977,137979],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,137974,136],{"class":135},[44,137976,121],{"class":58},[44,137978,632],{"class":117},[44,137980,100],{"class":58},[20,137982,247],{},[35,137984,137986],{"className":37,"code":137985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"bonono\n",[15,137987,137988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,137989,137990],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,137991,137985],{"class":50},[338,137993,137995],{"id":137994},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137997,137998],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[35,138000,138002],{"className":37,"code":138001,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138003,138004,138017,138041,138045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138005,138006,138008,138010,138012,138015],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138007,34329],{"class":50},[44,138009,55],{"class":54},[44,138011,75],{"class":62},[44,138013,138014],{"class":66},"a b c",[44,138016,3007],{"class":62},[44,138018,138019,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033,138035,138037,138039],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138020,604],{"class":50},[44,138022,55],{"class":54},[44,138024,42478],{"class":50},[44,138026,114],{"class":58},[44,138028,34641],{"class":117},[44,138030,121],{"class":58},[44,138032,63],{"class":62},[44,138034,75],{"class":62},[44,138036,72],{"class":58},[44,138038,5774],{"class":62},[44,138040,100],{"class":58},[44,138042,138043],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138044,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,138046,138047,138049,138051,138053],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,138048,136],{"class":135},[44,138050,121],{"class":58},[44,138052,632],{"class":117},[44,138054,100],{"class":58},[20,138056,247],{},[35,138058,138060],{"className":37,"code":138059,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"abc\n",[15,138061,138062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138063,138064],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138065,138059],{"class":50},[20,138067,138068],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138070,138071,138072,138076,138077,138081],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[270,138073,125963,138074,1180],{"href":128649},[15,138075,60164],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[270,138078,125963,138079,1180],{"href":136531},[15,138080,41289],{}," is often a better choice.",[30,138083,123610],{"id":123609},[20,138085,138086,123421],{},[15,138087,124134],{},[20,138089,127008,138090,898,138092,127015],{},[15,138091,112647],{},[15,138093,138094],{},"\"Cat\"",[35,138096,138098],{"className":37,"code":138097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138099,138100,138113,138143,138147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138101,138102,138104,138106,138108,138111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138103,34329],{"class":50},[44,138105,55],{"class":54},[44,138107,75],{"class":62},[44,138109,138110],{"class":66},"Cat cat CAT",[44,138112,3007],{"class":62},[44,138114,138115,138117,138119,138121,138123,138125,138127,138129,138131,138133,138135,138137,138139,138141],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138116,604],{"class":50},[44,138118,55],{"class":54},[44,138120,42478],{"class":50},[44,138122,114],{"class":58},[44,138124,34641],{"class":117},[44,138126,121],{"class":58},[44,138128,63],{"class":62},[44,138130,569],{"class":66},[44,138132,63],{"class":62},[44,138134,72],{"class":58},[44,138136,75],{"class":62},[44,138138,578],{"class":66},[44,138140,63],{"class":62},[44,138142,100],{"class":58},[44,138144,138145],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138146,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,138148,138149,138151,138153,138155],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,138150,136],{"class":135},[44,138152,121],{"class":58},[44,138154,632],{"class":117},[44,138156,100],{"class":58},[20,138158,247],{},[35,138160,138162],{"className":37,"code":138161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138163,138164],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138165,138166,138169],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138167,138168],{"class":50},"Cat dog ",[44,138170,138171],{"class":34094},"CAT\n",[20,138173,138174,138175,138177],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138176,112647],{}," was replaced.",[20,138179,138180],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138182,138183,138184,114],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[270,138185,125963,138186,1180],{"href":123690},[15,138187,123693],{},[30,138189,158,138191,11355],{"id":138190},"what-replace-returns",[15,138192,124134],{},[20,138194,138195,138197],{},[15,138196,124134],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138199,138200],{},"If no match is found:",[169,138202,138203,138206],{},[172,138204,138205],{},"no error happens",[172,138207,138208],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138210,189],{},[35,138212,138214],{"className":37,"code":138213,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138215,138216,138228,138258,138262],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138217,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138219,34329],{"class":50},[44,138221,55],{"class":54},[44,138223,75],{"class":62},[44,138225,3495],{"class":66},[44,138227,3007],{"class":62},[44,138229,138230,138232,138234,138236,138238,138240,138242,138244,138246,138248,138250,138252,138254,138256],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138231,604],{"class":50},[44,138233,55],{"class":54},[44,138235,42478],{"class":50},[44,138237,114],{"class":58},[44,138239,34641],{"class":117},[44,138241,121],{"class":58},[44,138243,63],{"class":62},[44,138245,1823],{"class":66},[44,138247,63],{"class":62},[44,138249,72],{"class":58},[44,138251,75],{"class":62},[44,138253,11395],{"class":66},[44,138255,63],{"class":62},[44,138257,100],{"class":58},[44,138259,138260],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138261,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,138263,138264,138266,138268,138270],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,138265,136],{"class":135},[44,138267,121],{"class":58},[44,138269,632],{"class":117},[44,138271,100],{"class":58},[20,138273,247],{},[35,138275,138277],{"className":37,"code":138276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello\n",[15,138278,138279],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138280,138281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138282,138276],{"class":50},[20,138284,138285],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[35,138287,138289],{"className":37,"code":138288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138290,138291,138303],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138292,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138294,34329],{"class":50},[44,138296,55],{"class":54},[44,138298,75],{"class":62},[44,138300,60039],{"class":66},[44,138302,3007],{"class":62},[44,138304,138305,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329,138331],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138306,129800],{"class":50},[44,138308,55],{"class":54},[44,138310,42478],{"class":50},[44,138312,114],{"class":58},[44,138314,34641],{"class":117},[44,138316,121],{"class":58},[44,138318,63],{"class":62},[44,138320,60224],{"class":66},[44,138322,63],{"class":62},[44,138324,72],{"class":58},[44,138326,75],{"class":62},[44,138328,6946],{"class":66},[44,138330,63],{"class":62},[44,138332,100],{"class":58},[20,138334,138335],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[35,138337,138339],{"className":37,"code":138338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138340,138341,138353],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138342,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138344,34329],{"class":50},[44,138346,55],{"class":54},[44,138348,75],{"class":62},[44,138350,60039],{"class":66},[44,138352,3007],{"class":62},[44,138354,138355,138357,138359,138361,138363,138365,138367,138369,138371,138373,138375,138377,138379,138381],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138356,34329],{"class":50},[44,138358,55],{"class":54},[44,138360,42478],{"class":50},[44,138362,114],{"class":58},[44,138364,34641],{"class":117},[44,138366,121],{"class":58},[44,138368,63],{"class":62},[44,138370,60224],{"class":66},[44,138372,63],{"class":62},[44,138374,72],{"class":58},[44,138376,75],{"class":62},[44,138378,6946],{"class":66},[44,138380,63],{"class":62},[44,138382,100],{"class":58},[30,138384,4168],{"id":4167},[20,138386,138387,138388,1155],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138389,124134],{},[169,138391,138392,138395,138399,138402],{},[172,138393,138394],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[172,138396,1312,138397,131181],{},[15,138398,124134],{},[172,138400,138401],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[172,138403,1330,138404,138406],{},[15,138405,124134],{}," with regex-based replacements",[338,138408,138410,138411,138413],{"id":138409},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138412,124134],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138415,138416,138417,1155],{},"This does not update ",[15,138418,34350],{},[35,138420,138422],{"className":37,"code":138421,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138423,138424,138436,138462],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138425,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138427,34329],{"class":50},[44,138429,55],{"class":54},[44,138431,75],{"class":62},[44,138433,137447],{"class":66},[44,138435,3007],{"class":62},[44,138437,138438,138440,138442,138444,138446,138448,138450,138452,138454,138456,138458,138460],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138439,34350],{"class":50},[44,138441,114],{"class":58},[44,138443,34641],{"class":117},[44,138445,121],{"class":58},[44,138447,63],{"class":62},[44,138449,137468],{"class":66},[44,138451,63],{"class":62},[44,138453,72],{"class":58},[44,138455,75],{"class":62},[44,138457,137477],{"class":66},[44,138459,63],{"class":62},[44,138461,100],{"class":58},[44,138463,138464,138466,138468,138470],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138465,136],{"class":135},[44,138467,121],{"class":58},[44,138469,34350],{"class":117},[44,138471,100],{"class":58},[20,138473,247],{},[35,138475,138476],{"className":37,"code":137695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138477,138478],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138479,138480],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138481,137695],{"class":50},[20,138483,10457],{},[35,138485,138487],{"className":37,"code":138486,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138488,138489,138501,138531],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138490,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138492,34329],{"class":50},[44,138494,55],{"class":54},[44,138496,75],{"class":62},[44,138498,137447],{"class":66},[44,138500,3007],{"class":62},[44,138502,138503,138505,138507,138509,138511,138513,138515,138517,138519,138521,138523,138525,138527,138529],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138504,34329],{"class":50},[44,138506,55],{"class":54},[44,138508,42478],{"class":50},[44,138510,114],{"class":58},[44,138512,34641],{"class":117},[44,138514,121],{"class":58},[44,138516,63],{"class":62},[44,138518,137468],{"class":66},[44,138520,63],{"class":62},[44,138522,72],{"class":58},[44,138524,75],{"class":62},[44,138526,137477],{"class":66},[44,138528,63],{"class":62},[44,138530,100],{"class":58},[44,138532,138533,138535,138537,138539],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,138534,136],{"class":135},[44,138536,121],{"class":58},[44,138538,34350],{"class":117},[44,138540,100],{"class":58},[20,138542,247],{},[35,138544,138545],{"className":37,"code":137496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138546,138547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138548,138549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138550,137496],{"class":50},[338,138552,138554],{"id":138553},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[35,138556,138558],{"className":37,"code":138557,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138559,138560,138572],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138561,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138563,34329],{"class":50},[44,138565,55],{"class":54},[44,138567,75],{"class":62},[44,138569,34509],{"class":66},[44,138571,3007],{"class":62},[44,138573,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594,138596,138598,138600],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138575,136],{"class":135},[44,138577,121],{"class":58},[44,138579,34350],{"class":117},[44,138581,114],{"class":58},[44,138583,34641],{"class":117},[44,138585,121],{"class":58},[44,138587,63],{"class":62},[44,138589,3495],{"class":66},[44,138591,63],{"class":62},[44,138593,72],{"class":58},[44,138595,75],{"class":62},[44,138597,89551],{"class":66},[44,138599,63],{"class":62},[44,138601,244],{"class":58},[20,138603,247],{},[35,138605,138606],{"className":37,"code":88564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,138607,138608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138609,138610],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138611,88564],{"class":50},[20,138613,138614,138615,898,138617,138619],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138616,64166],{},[15,138618,90033],{}," are not the same.",[338,138621,138623],{"id":138622},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[35,138625,138627],{"className":37,"code":138626,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138628,138629,138642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138630,138631,138633,138635,138637,138640],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138632,34329],{"class":50},[44,138634,55],{"class":54},[44,138636,75],{"class":62},[44,138638,138639],{"class":66},"red red red",[44,138641,3007],{"class":62},[44,138643,138644,138646,138648,138650,138652,138654,138656,138658,138660,138662,138664,138666,138668,138670],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138645,136],{"class":135},[44,138647,121],{"class":58},[44,138649,34350],{"class":117},[44,138651,114],{"class":58},[44,138653,34641],{"class":117},[44,138655,121],{"class":58},[44,138657,63],{"class":62},[44,138659,67],{"class":66},[44,138661,63],{"class":62},[44,138663,72],{"class":58},[44,138665,75],{"class":62},[44,138667,78],{"class":66},[44,138669,63],{"class":62},[44,138671,244],{"class":58},[20,138673,247],{},[35,138675,138677],{"className":37,"code":138676,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138678,138679],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138680,138681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138682,138676],{"class":50},[20,138684,138685,138686,1155],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138687,1401],{},[35,138689,138691],{"className":37,"code":138690,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138692,138693,138705],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138694,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138696,34329],{"class":50},[44,138698,55],{"class":54},[44,138700,75],{"class":62},[44,138702,138639],{"class":66},[44,138704,3007],{"class":62},[44,138706,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715,138717,138719,138721,138723,138725,138727,138729,138731,138733,138735,138737],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,138708,136],{"class":135},[44,138710,121],{"class":58},[44,138712,34350],{"class":117},[44,138714,114],{"class":58},[44,138716,34641],{"class":117},[44,138718,121],{"class":58},[44,138720,63],{"class":62},[44,138722,67],{"class":66},[44,138724,63],{"class":62},[44,138726,72],{"class":58},[44,138728,75],{"class":62},[44,138730,78],{"class":66},[44,138732,63],{"class":62},[44,138734,72],{"class":58},[44,138736,519],{"class":206},[44,138738,244],{"class":58},[20,138740,247],{},[35,138742,138744],{"className":37,"code":138743,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"blue red red\n",[15,138745,138746],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138747,138748],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138749,138743],{"class":50},[338,138751,138753,138754,138756],{"id":138752},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138755,124134],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138758,138759],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[169,138761,138762,138769,138776],{},[172,138763,651,138764,138768],{},[270,138765,138766],{"href":128649},[15,138767,60164],{}," to break a string into a list",[172,138770,651,138771,138775],{},[270,138772,138773],{"href":136531},[15,138774,41289],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[172,138777,651,138778,138780],{},[15,138779,124134],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[30,138782,1497],{"id":1496},[338,138784,12355,138786,124290],{"id":138785},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138787,124134],{},[20,138789,138790],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[338,138792,138794],{"id":138793},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138796,138797],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[338,138799,138801],{"id":138800},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138803,138804],{},"Use the third argument:",[35,138806,138808],{"className":37,"code":138807,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138809,138810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138811,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138813,34350],{"class":50},[44,138815,114],{"class":58},[44,138817,34641],{"class":117},[44,138819,121],{"class":58},[44,138821,137558],{"class":117},[44,138823,72],{"class":58},[44,138825,137563],{"class":117},[44,138827,72],{"class":58},[44,138829,519],{"class":206},[44,138831,100],{"class":58},[338,138833,4818,138835,138837],{"id":138834},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138836,124134],{}," remove text?",[20,138839,138840],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[35,138842,138844],{"className":37,"code":138843,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138845,138846],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138847,138848,138850,138852,138854,138856,138858,138860,138862,138864,138866],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138849,34350],{"class":50},[44,138851,114],{"class":58},[44,138853,34641],{"class":117},[44,138855,121],{"class":58},[44,138857,63],{"class":62},[44,138859,1823],{"class":66},[44,138861,63],{"class":62},[44,138863,72],{"class":58},[44,138865,5774],{"class":62},[44,138867,100],{"class":58},[338,138869,1540,138871,124299],{"id":138870},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138872,124134],{},[20,138874,129490],{},[30,138876,1554],{"id":1553},[169,138878,138879,138883,138889,138895,138901],{},[172,138880,138881],{},[270,138882,124369],{"href":124131},[172,138884,138885],{},[270,138886,125963,138887,1180],{"href":128649},[15,138888,60164],{},[172,138890,138891],{},[270,138892,125963,138893,1180],{"href":136531},[15,138894,41289],{},[172,138896,138897],{},[270,138898,125963,138899,1180],{"href":123690},[15,138900,123693],{},[172,138902,138903],{},[270,138904,124718],{"href":50611},[1583,138906,138907],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":138909},[138910,138911,138913,138916,138917,138921,138925,138926,138928,138936,138946],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":137511,"depth":103,"text":138912},"What replace() does",{"id":5078,"depth":103,"text":5079,"children":138914},[138915],{"id":340,"depth":132,"text":341},{"id":5434,"depth":103,"text":5435},{"id":137726,"depth":103,"text":137727,"children":138918},[138919,138920],{"id":137740,"depth":132,"text":137741},{"id":137821,"depth":132,"text":137822},{"id":137909,"depth":103,"text":137910,"children":138922},[138923,138924],{"id":137918,"depth":132,"text":137919},{"id":137994,"depth":132,"text":137995},{"id":123609,"depth":103,"text":123610},{"id":138190,"depth":103,"text":138927},"What replace() returns",{"id":4167,"depth":103,"text":4168,"children":138929},[138930,138932,138933,138934],{"id":138409,"depth":132,"text":138931},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138553,"depth":132,"text":138554},{"id":138622,"depth":132,"text":138623},{"id":138752,"depth":132,"text":138935},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":138937},[138938,138940,138941,138942,138944],{"id":138785,"depth":132,"text":138939},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138793,"depth":132,"text":138794},{"id":138800,"depth":132,"text":138801},{"id":138834,"depth":132,"text":138943},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138870,"depth":132,"text":138945},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137396,"description":138947},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138954,"title":138955,"body":138956,"description":140975,"extension":1616,"meta":140976,"navigation":434,"path":140977,"seo":140978,"stem":140979,"__hash__":140980},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138957,"toc":140939},[138958,138963,138968,138971,138982,138984,139039,139044,139049,139056,139058,139073,139075,139131,139133,139171,139176,139178,139202,139205,139218,139223,139225,139257,139259,139292,139298,139303,139306,139316,139319,139321,139377,139379,139429,139432,139440,139443,139499,139501,139574,139587,139595,139599,139610,139613,139616,139669,139671,139703,139706,139760,139762,139797,139800,139805,139810,139815,139818,139820,139878,139880,139914,139916,139931,139934,139936,139978,139980,140006,140011,140019,140022,140024,140106,140108,140159,140162,140173,140181,140183,140256,140258,140276,140280,140283,140287,140314,140316,140324,140328,140363,140365,140378,140382,140385,140424,140426,140443,140448,140453,140464,140467,140478,140480,140482,140508,140511,140560,140562,140579,140582,140584,140636,140638,140670,140673,140731,140736,140738,140743,140846,140848,140862,140864,140871,140876,140881,140886,140891,140896,140899,140903,140908,140910,140936],[10,138959,122963,138961,18],{"id":138960},"python-string-split-method",[15,138962,60164],{},[20,138964,122968,138965,138967],{},[15,138966,60164],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138969,138970],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[169,138972,138973,138976,138979],{},[172,138974,138975],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[172,138977,138978],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[172,138980,138981],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[30,138983,33],{"id":32},[35,138985,138987],{"className":37,"code":138986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138988,138989,139002,139024,139034],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,138990,138991,138993,138995,138997,139000],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,138992,34329],{"class":50},[44,138994,55],{"class":54},[44,138996,75],{"class":62},[44,138998,138999],{"class":66},"apple,banana,cherry",[44,139001,3007],{"class":62},[44,139003,139004,139006,139008,139010,139012,139014,139016,139018,139020,139022],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139005,42473],{"class":50},[44,139007,55],{"class":54},[44,139009,42478],{"class":50},[44,139011,114],{"class":58},[44,139013,34110],{"class":117},[44,139015,121],{"class":58},[44,139017,63],{"class":62},[44,139019,72],{"class":66},[44,139021,63],{"class":62},[44,139023,100],{"class":58},[44,139025,139026,139028,139030,139032],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139027,136],{"class":135},[44,139029,121],{"class":58},[44,139031,42505],{"class":117},[44,139033,100],{"class":58},[44,139035,139036],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,139037,139038],{"class":147},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139040,651,139041,139043],{},[15,139042,60164],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[30,139045,158,139047,161],{"id":139046},"what-split-does",[15,139048,60164],{},[20,139050,139051,132009,139053,114],{},[15,139052,60164],{},[367,139054,139055],{},"string method",[20,139057,48565],{},[169,139059,139060,139063,139068],{},[172,139061,139062],{},"divides a string into parts",[172,139064,119265,139065],{},[367,139066,139067],{},"new list of strings",[172,139069,119271,139070,139072],{},[367,139071,881],{}," change the original string",[20,139074,189],{},[35,139076,139078],{"className":37,"code":139077,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139079,139080,139093,139107,139111,139121],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139081,139082,139084,139086,139088,139091],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139083,34329],{"class":50},[44,139085,55],{"class":54},[44,139087,75],{"class":62},[44,139089,139090],{"class":66},"red blue green",[44,139092,3007],{"class":62},[44,139094,139095,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139096,42473],{"class":50},[44,139098,55],{"class":54},[44,139100,42478],{"class":50},[44,139102,114],{"class":58},[44,139104,34110],{"class":117},[44,139106,8292],{"class":58},[44,139108,139109],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139110,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,139112,139113,139115,139117,139119],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,139114,136],{"class":135},[44,139116,121],{"class":58},[44,139118,34350],{"class":117},[44,139120,100],{"class":58},[44,139122,139123,139125,139127,139129],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,139124,136],{"class":135},[44,139126,121],{"class":58},[44,139128,42505],{"class":117},[44,139130,100],{"class":58},[20,139132,247],{},[35,139134,139136],{"className":37,"code":139135,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139137,139138,139143],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139139,139140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139141,139142],{"class":50},"red blue green\n",[44,139144,139145,139147,139149,139151,139153,139155,139157,139159,139161,139163,139165,139167,139169],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139146,1271],{"class":58},[44,139148,2948],{"class":62},[44,139150,67],{"class":66},[44,139152,2948],{"class":62},[44,139154,72],{"class":58},[44,139156,2943],{"class":62},[44,139158,78],{"class":66},[44,139160,2948],{"class":62},[44,139162,72],{"class":58},[44,139164,2943],{"class":62},[44,139166,87],{"class":66},[44,139168,2948],{"class":62},[44,139170,3286],{"class":58},[20,139172,139173,139174,114],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[270,139175,124718],{"href":50611},[30,139177,277],{"id":276},[35,139179,139181],{"className":37,"code":139180,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139182,139183],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139184,139185,139187,139189,139191,139193,139195,139197,139200],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139186,60805],{"class":50},[44,139188,114],{"class":58},[44,139190,34110],{"class":117},[44,139192,121],{"class":58},[44,139194,133365],{"class":117},[44,139196,72],{"class":58},[44,139198,139199],{"class":117}," maxsplit",[44,139201,100],{"class":58},[20,139203,139204],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[169,139206,139207,139212],{},[172,139208,139209,139211],{},[15,139210,133365],{}," tells Python where to split",[172,139213,139214,139217],{},[15,139215,139216],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139219,8525,139220,139222],{},[15,139221,133365],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139224,189],{},[35,139226,139228],{"className":37,"code":139227,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139229,139230,139243],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139231,139232,139234,139236,139238,139241],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139233,34329],{"class":50},[44,139235,55],{"class":54},[44,139237,75],{"class":62},[44,139239,139240],{"class":66},"one two three",[44,139242,3007],{"class":62},[44,139244,139245,139247,139249,139251,139253,139255],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139246,136],{"class":135},[44,139248,121],{"class":58},[44,139250,34350],{"class":117},[44,139252,114],{"class":58},[44,139254,34110],{"class":117},[44,139256,6843],{"class":58},[20,139258,247],{},[35,139260,139262],{"className":37,"code":139261,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139263,139264],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139265,139266,139268,139270,139272,139274,139276,139278,139280,139282,139284,139286,139288,139290],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139267,1271],{"class":58},[44,139269,2948],{"class":62},[44,139271,6234],{"class":66},[44,139273,2948],{"class":62},[44,139275,72],{"class":58},[44,139277,2943],{"class":62},[44,139279,78887],{"class":66},[44,139281,2948],{"class":62},[44,139283,72],{"class":58},[44,139285,2943],{"class":62},[44,139287,133847],{"class":66},[44,139289,2948],{"class":62},[44,139291,3286],{"class":58},[30,139293,895,139295,139297],{"id":139294},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139296,60164],{}," with no separator",[20,139299,69791,139300,139302],{},[15,139301,60164],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139304,139305],{},"Whitespace includes:",[169,139307,139308,139310,139313],{},[172,139309,10102],{},[172,139311,139312],{},"tabs",[172,139314,139315],{},"new lines",[20,139317,139318],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139320,189],{},[35,139322,139324],{"className":37,"code":139323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139325,139326,139349,139363,139367],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139327,139328,139330,139332,139334,139337,139340,139342,139344,139347],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139329,34329],{"class":50},[44,139331,55],{"class":54},[44,139333,75],{"class":62},[44,139335,139336],{"class":66},"Python   is",[44,139338,139339],{"class":34094},"\\t",[44,139341,133101],{"class":66},[44,139343,86768],{"class":34094},[44,139345,139346],{"class":66},"and useful",[44,139348,3007],{"class":62},[44,139350,139351,139353,139355,139357,139359,139361],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139352,42473],{"class":50},[44,139354,55],{"class":54},[44,139356,42478],{"class":50},[44,139358,114],{"class":58},[44,139360,34110],{"class":117},[44,139362,8292],{"class":58},[44,139364,139365],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139366,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,139368,139369,139371,139373,139375],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,139370,136],{"class":135},[44,139372,121],{"class":58},[44,139374,42505],{"class":117},[44,139376,100],{"class":58},[20,139378,247],{},[35,139380,139382],{"className":37,"code":139381,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139383,139384],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139385,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398,139400,139402,139404,139406,139408,139410,139412,139414,139416,139418,139420,139422,139425,139427],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139387,1271],{"class":58},[44,139389,2948],{"class":62},[44,139391,6946],{"class":66},[44,139393,2948],{"class":62},[44,139395,72],{"class":58},[44,139397,2943],{"class":62},[44,139399,11844],{"class":66},[44,139401,2948],{"class":62},[44,139403,72],{"class":58},[44,139405,2943],{"class":62},[44,139407,133101],{"class":66},[44,139409,2948],{"class":62},[44,139411,72],{"class":58},[44,139413,2943],{"class":62},[44,139415,129726],{"class":66},[44,139417,2948],{"class":62},[44,139419,72],{"class":58},[44,139421,2943],{"class":62},[44,139423,139424],{"class":66},"useful",[44,139426,2948],{"class":62},[44,139428,3286],{"class":58},[20,139430,139431],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[338,139433,139435,10236,139437],{"id":139434},"split-vs-split",[15,139436,60164],{},[15,139438,139439],{},"split(' ')",[20,139441,139442],{},"These are not the same.",[35,139444,139446],{"className":37,"code":139445,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139447,139448,139461,139465,139479],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139449,139450,139452,139454,139456,139459],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139451,34329],{"class":50},[44,139453,55],{"class":54},[44,139455,75],{"class":62},[44,139457,139458],{"class":66},"a  b   c",[44,139460,3007],{"class":62},[44,139462,139463],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139464,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,139466,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475,139477],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139468,136],{"class":135},[44,139470,121],{"class":58},[44,139472,34350],{"class":117},[44,139474,114],{"class":58},[44,139476,34110],{"class":117},[44,139478,6843],{"class":58},[44,139480,139481,139483,139485,139487,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,139482,136],{"class":135},[44,139484,121],{"class":58},[44,139486,34350],{"class":117},[44,139488,114],{"class":58},[44,139490,34110],{"class":117},[44,139492,121],{"class":58},[44,139494,63],{"class":62},[44,139496,75],{"class":62},[44,139498,244],{"class":58},[20,139500,247],{},[35,139502,139504],{"className":37,"code":139503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139505,139506,139534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139507,139508,139510,139512,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139509,1271],{"class":58},[44,139511,2948],{"class":62},[44,139513,270],{"class":66},[44,139515,2948],{"class":62},[44,139517,72],{"class":58},[44,139519,2943],{"class":62},[44,139521,399],{"class":66},[44,139523,2948],{"class":62},[44,139525,72],{"class":58},[44,139527,2943],{"class":62},[44,139529,408],{"class":66},[44,139531,2948],{"class":62},[44,139533,3286],{"class":58},[44,139535,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558,139560,139562,139564,139566,139568,139570,139572],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139537,1271],{"class":58},[44,139539,2948],{"class":62},[44,139541,270],{"class":66},[44,139543,2948],{"class":62},[44,139545,72],{"class":58},[44,139547,3488],{"class":62},[44,139549,72],{"class":58},[44,139551,2943],{"class":62},[44,139553,399],{"class":66},[44,139555,2948],{"class":62},[44,139557,72],{"class":58},[44,139559,3488],{"class":62},[44,139561,72],{"class":58},[44,139563,3488],{"class":62},[44,139565,72],{"class":58},[44,139567,2943],{"class":62},[44,139569,408],{"class":66},[44,139571,2948],{"class":62},[44,139573,3286],{"class":58},[169,139575,139576,139581],{},[172,139577,139578,139580],{},[15,139579,60164],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[172,139582,139583,139586],{},[15,139584,139585],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139588,139589,139590,139594],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[270,139591,125963,139592,1180],{"href":136531},[15,139593,41289],{}," is often useful.",[30,139596,139598],{"id":139597},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139600,139601,139602,1134,139605,1841,139607,114],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139603,139604],{},"\",\"",[15,139606,133200],{},[15,139608,139609],{},"\"::\"",[20,139611,139612],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139614,139615],{},"Example with commas:",[35,139617,139619],{"className":37,"code":139618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139620,139621,139633,139655,139659],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139622,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139624,34329],{"class":50},[44,139626,55],{"class":54},[44,139628,75],{"class":62},[44,139630,138999],{"class":66},[44,139632,3007],{"class":62},[44,139634,139635,139637,139639,139641,139643,139645,139647,139649,139651,139653],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139636,42473],{"class":50},[44,139638,55],{"class":54},[44,139640,42478],{"class":50},[44,139642,114],{"class":58},[44,139644,34110],{"class":117},[44,139646,121],{"class":58},[44,139648,63],{"class":62},[44,139650,72],{"class":66},[44,139652,63],{"class":62},[44,139654,100],{"class":58},[44,139656,139657],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139658,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,139660,139661,139663,139665,139667],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,139662,136],{"class":135},[44,139664,121],{"class":58},[44,139666,42505],{"class":117},[44,139668,100],{"class":58},[20,139670,247],{},[35,139672,139673],{"className":37,"code":78066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,139674,139675],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139676,139677,139679,139681,139683,139685,139687,139689,139691,139693,139695,139697,139699,139701],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139678,1271],{"class":58},[44,139680,2948],{"class":62},[44,139682,1209],{"class":66},[44,139684,2948],{"class":62},[44,139686,72],{"class":58},[44,139688,2943],{"class":62},[44,139690,1218],{"class":66},[44,139692,2948],{"class":62},[44,139694,72],{"class":58},[44,139696,2943],{"class":62},[44,139698,3745],{"class":66},[44,139700,2948],{"class":62},[44,139702,3286],{"class":58},[20,139704,139705],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[35,139707,139709],{"className":37,"code":139708,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139710,139711,139724,139746,139750],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139712,139713,139715,139717,139719,139722],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139714,34329],{"class":50},[44,139716,55],{"class":54},[44,139718,75],{"class":62},[44,139720,139721],{"class":66},"2024::10::31",[44,139723,3007],{"class":62},[44,139725,139726,139728,139730,139732,139734,139736,139738,139740,139742,139744],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139727,42473],{"class":50},[44,139729,55],{"class":54},[44,139731,42478],{"class":50},[44,139733,114],{"class":58},[44,139735,34110],{"class":117},[44,139737,121],{"class":58},[44,139739,63],{"class":62},[44,139741,76284],{"class":66},[44,139743,63],{"class":62},[44,139745,100],{"class":58},[44,139747,139748],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139749,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,139751,139752,139754,139756,139758],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,139753,136],{"class":135},[44,139755,121],{"class":58},[44,139757,42505],{"class":117},[44,139759,100],{"class":58},[20,139761,247],{},[35,139763,139765],{"className":37,"code":139764,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139766,139767],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139768,139769,139771,139773,139776,139778,139780,139782,139784,139786,139788,139790,139793,139795],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139770,1271],{"class":58},[44,139772,2948],{"class":62},[44,139774,139775],{"class":66},"2024",[44,139777,2948],{"class":62},[44,139779,72],{"class":58},[44,139781,2943],{"class":62},[44,139783,207],{"class":66},[44,139785,2948],{"class":62},[44,139787,72],{"class":58},[44,139789,2943],{"class":62},[44,139791,139792],{"class":66},"31",[44,139794,2948],{"class":62},[44,139796,3286],{"class":58},[20,139798,139799],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139801,139802,139803,114],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[270,139804,128646],{"href":128645},[30,139806,895,139808],{"id":139807},"using-maxsplit",[15,139809,139216],{},[20,139811,139812,139814],{},[15,139813,139216],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139816,139817],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139819,189],{},[35,139821,139823],{"className":37,"code":139822,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139824,139825,139838,139864,139868],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139826,139827,139829,139831,139833,139836],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139828,34329],{"class":50},[44,139830,55],{"class":54},[44,139832,75],{"class":62},[44,139834,139835],{"class":66},"name:age:city:country",[44,139837,3007],{"class":62},[44,139839,139840,139842,139844,139846,139848,139850,139852,139854,139856,139858,139860,139862],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139841,42473],{"class":50},[44,139843,55],{"class":54},[44,139845,42478],{"class":50},[44,139847,114],{"class":58},[44,139849,34110],{"class":117},[44,139851,121],{"class":58},[44,139853,63],{"class":62},[44,139855,1155],{"class":66},[44,139857,63],{"class":62},[44,139859,72],{"class":58},[44,139861,488],{"class":206},[44,139863,100],{"class":58},[44,139865,139866],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,139867,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,139869,139870,139872,139874,139876],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,139871,136],{"class":135},[44,139873,121],{"class":58},[44,139875,42505],{"class":117},[44,139877,100],{"class":58},[20,139879,247],{},[35,139881,139883],{"className":37,"code":139882,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139884,139885],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139886,139887,139889,139891,139893,139895,139897,139899,139901,139903,139905,139907,139910,139912],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139888,1271],{"class":58},[44,139890,2948],{"class":62},[44,139892,7318],{"class":66},[44,139894,2948],{"class":62},[44,139896,72],{"class":58},[44,139898,2943],{"class":62},[44,139900,8949],{"class":66},[44,139902,2948],{"class":62},[44,139904,72],{"class":58},[44,139906,2943],{"class":62},[44,139908,139909],{"class":66},"city:country",[44,139911,2948],{"class":62},[44,139913,3286],{"class":58},[20,139915,1282],{},[169,139917,139918,139923,139928],{},[172,139919,139920,139921],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139922,1155],{},[172,139924,139925,139926],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139927,1155],{},[172,139929,139930],{},"then stops",[20,139932,139933],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139935,51716],{},[35,139937,139939],{"className":37,"code":139938,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139940,139941,139954],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139942,139943,139945,139947,139949,139952],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139944,34329],{"class":50},[44,139946,55],{"class":54},[44,139948,75],{"class":62},[44,139950,139951],{"class":66},"apple banana cherry grape",[44,139953,3007],{"class":62},[44,139955,139956,139958,139960,139962,139964,139966,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,139957,136],{"class":135},[44,139959,121],{"class":58},[44,139961,34350],{"class":117},[44,139963,114],{"class":58},[44,139965,34110],{"class":117},[44,139967,121],{"class":58},[44,139969,63],{"class":62},[44,139971,75],{"class":62},[44,139973,72],{"class":58},[44,139975,519],{"class":206},[44,139977,244],{"class":58},[20,139979,247],{},[35,139981,139983],{"className":37,"code":139982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139984,139985],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,139986,139987,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140002,140004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,139988,1271],{"class":58},[44,139990,2948],{"class":62},[44,139992,1209],{"class":66},[44,139994,2948],{"class":62},[44,139996,72],{"class":58},[44,139998,2943],{"class":62},[44,140000,140001],{"class":66},"banana cherry grape",[44,140003,2948],{"class":62},[44,140005,3286],{"class":58},[30,140007,158,140009,11355],{"id":140008},"what-split-returns",[15,140010,60164],{},[20,140012,140013,140014,140016,140017,114],{},"The result of ",[15,140015,60164],{}," is always a ",[367,140018,7742],{},[20,140020,140021],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140023,189],{},[35,140025,140027],{"className":37,"code":140026,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140028,140029,140042,140064,140068,140078,140092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140030,140031,140033,140035,140037,140040],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140032,34329],{"class":50},[44,140034,55],{"class":54},[44,140036,75],{"class":62},[44,140038,140039],{"class":66},"cat,dog,bird",[44,140041,3007],{"class":62},[44,140043,140044,140046,140048,140050,140052,140054,140056,140058,140060,140062],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140045,42473],{"class":50},[44,140047,55],{"class":54},[44,140049,42478],{"class":50},[44,140051,114],{"class":58},[44,140053,34110],{"class":117},[44,140055,121],{"class":58},[44,140057,63],{"class":62},[44,140059,72],{"class":66},[44,140061,63],{"class":62},[44,140063,100],{"class":58},[44,140065,140066],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140067,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,140069,140070,140072,140074,140076],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,140071,136],{"class":135},[44,140073,121],{"class":58},[44,140075,42505],{"class":117},[44,140077,100],{"class":58},[44,140079,140080,140082,140084,140086,140088,140090],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,140081,136],{"class":135},[44,140083,121],{"class":58},[44,140085,2868],{"class":2546},[44,140087,121],{"class":58},[44,140089,42505],{"class":117},[44,140091,244],{"class":58},[44,140093,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,140095,136],{"class":135},[44,140097,121],{"class":58},[44,140099,42505],{"class":117},[44,140101,1271],{"class":58},[44,140103,186],{"class":206},[44,140105,3538],{"class":58},[20,140107,247],{},[35,140109,140111],{"className":37,"code":140110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140112,140113,140141,140155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140114,140115,140117,140119,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131,140133,140135,140137,140139],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140116,1271],{"class":58},[44,140118,2948],{"class":62},[44,140120,569],{"class":66},[44,140122,2948],{"class":62},[44,140124,72],{"class":58},[44,140126,2943],{"class":62},[44,140128,578],{"class":66},[44,140130,2948],{"class":62},[44,140132,72],{"class":58},[44,140134,2943],{"class":62},[44,140136,587],{"class":66},[44,140138,2948],{"class":62},[44,140140,3286],{"class":58},[44,140142,140143,140145,140147,140149,140151,140153],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140144,2937],{"class":54},[44,140146,2940],{"class":1716},[44,140148,2943],{"class":62},[44,140150,7742],{"class":66},[44,140152,2948],{"class":62},[44,140154,2951],{"class":54},[44,140156,140157],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140158,85084],{"class":50},[20,140160,140161],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[169,140163,140164,140167,140170],{},[172,140165,140166],{},"loop over it",[172,140168,140169],{},"access items by index",[172,140171,140172],{},"combine items again later",[20,140174,140175,140176,114],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[270,140177,125963,140179,1180],{"href":140178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140180,133043],{},[20,140182,189],{},[35,140184,140186],{"className":37,"code":140185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140187,140188,140220,140242,140246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140189,140190,140192,140194,140196,140198,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140191,42473],{"class":50},[44,140193,55],{"class":54},[44,140195,3273],{"class":58},[44,140197,2948],{"class":62},[44,140199,569],{"class":66},[44,140201,2948],{"class":62},[44,140203,72],{"class":58},[44,140205,2943],{"class":62},[44,140207,578],{"class":66},[44,140209,2948],{"class":62},[44,140211,72],{"class":58},[44,140213,2943],{"class":62},[44,140215,587],{"class":66},[44,140217,2948],{"class":62},[44,140219,3286],{"class":58},[44,140221,140222,140224,140226,140228,140230,140232,140234,140236,140238,140240],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140223,34329],{"class":50},[44,140225,55],{"class":54},[44,140227,75],{"class":62},[44,140229,1674],{"class":66},[44,140231,63],{"class":62},[44,140233,114],{"class":58},[44,140235,133120],{"class":117},[44,140237,121],{"class":58},[44,140239,42505],{"class":117},[44,140241,100],{"class":58},[44,140243,140244],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140245,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,140247,140248,140250,140252,140254],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,140249,136],{"class":135},[44,140251,121],{"class":58},[44,140253,34350],{"class":117},[44,140255,100],{"class":58},[20,140257,247],{},[35,140259,140261],{"className":37,"code":140260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140262,140263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140264,140265,140267,140269,140271,140273],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140266,569],{"class":50},[44,140268,1674],{"class":54},[44,140270,578],{"class":50},[44,140272,1674],{"class":54},[44,140274,140275],{"class":50},"bird\n",[30,140277,140279],{"id":140278},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140281,140282],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[338,140284,140286],{"id":140285},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[35,140288,140290],{"className":37,"code":140289,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140291,140292,140300],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140293,140294,140296,140298],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140295,34329],{"class":50},[44,140297,55],{"class":54},[44,140299,7530],{"class":62},[44,140301,140302,140304,140306,140308,140310,140312],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140303,136],{"class":135},[44,140305,121],{"class":58},[44,140307,34350],{"class":117},[44,140309,114],{"class":58},[44,140311,34110],{"class":117},[44,140313,6843],{"class":58},[20,140315,247],{},[35,140317,140318],{"className":37,"code":37934,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140319,140320],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140321,140322],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140323,37934],{"class":58},[338,140325,140327],{"id":140326},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[35,140329,140331],{"className":37,"code":140330,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140332,140333,140341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140334,140335,140337,140339],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140336,34329],{"class":50},[44,140338,55],{"class":54},[44,140340,7530],{"class":62},[44,140342,140343,140345,140347,140349,140351,140353,140355,140357,140359,140361],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140344,136],{"class":135},[44,140346,121],{"class":58},[44,140348,34350],{"class":117},[44,140350,114],{"class":58},[44,140352,34110],{"class":117},[44,140354,121],{"class":58},[44,140356,63],{"class":62},[44,140358,72],{"class":66},[44,140360,63],{"class":62},[44,140362,244],{"class":58},[20,140364,247],{},[35,140366,140368],{"className":37,"code":140367,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['']\n",[15,140369,140370],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140371,140372,140374,140376],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140373,1271],{"class":58},[44,140375,3423],{"class":62},[44,140377,3286],{"class":58},[338,140379,140381],{"id":140380},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140383,140384],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[35,140386,140388],{"className":37,"code":140387,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140389,140390,140402],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140391,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140393,34329],{"class":50},[44,140395,55],{"class":54},[44,140397,75],{"class":62},[44,140399,3495],{"class":66},[44,140401,3007],{"class":62},[44,140403,140404,140406,140408,140410,140412,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140405,136],{"class":135},[44,140407,121],{"class":58},[44,140409,34350],{"class":117},[44,140411,114],{"class":58},[44,140413,34110],{"class":117},[44,140415,121],{"class":58},[44,140417,63],{"class":62},[44,140419,72],{"class":66},[44,140421,63],{"class":62},[44,140423,244],{"class":58},[20,140425,247],{},[35,140427,140429],{"className":37,"code":140428,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"['hello']\n",[15,140430,140431],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140432,140433,140435,140437,140439,140441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140434,1271],{"class":58},[44,140436,2948],{"class":62},[44,140438,3495],{"class":66},[44,140440,2948],{"class":62},[44,140442,3286],{"class":58},[30,140444,4609,140446],{"id":140445},"when-to-use-split",[15,140447,60164],{},[20,140449,651,140450,140452],{},[15,140451,60164],{}," when you need to:",[169,140454,140455,140458,140461],{},[172,140456,140457],{},"split a sentence into words",[172,140459,140460],{},"split comma-separated values",[172,140462,140463],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140465,140466],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[169,140468,140469,140472,140475],{},[172,140470,140471],{},"cleaning text",[172,140473,140474],{},"parsing user input",[172,140476,140477],{},"processing simple file content",[30,140479,1299],{"id":1298},[20,140481,83856],{},[169,140483,140484,140488,140494,140497,140505],{},[172,140485,50144,140486,131181],{},[15,140487,60164],{},[172,140489,140490,140491,140493],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140492,60164],{}," returns a list, not a string",[172,140495,140496],{},"using the wrong separator",[172,140498,140499,140500,140502,140503],{},"assuming ",[15,140501,139439],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140504,60164],{},[172,140506,140507],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140509,140510],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[35,140512,140514],{"className":37,"code":140513,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140515,140516,140528,140546,140550],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140517,140518,140520,140522,140524,140526],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140519,34329],{"class":50},[44,140521,55],{"class":54},[44,140523,75],{"class":62},[44,140525,42466],{"class":66},[44,140527,3007],{"class":62},[44,140529,140530,140532,140534,140536,140538,140540,140542,140544],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140531,34350],{"class":50},[44,140533,114],{"class":58},[44,140535,34110],{"class":117},[44,140537,121],{"class":58},[44,140539,63],{"class":62},[44,140541,72],{"class":66},[44,140543,63],{"class":62},[44,140545,100],{"class":58},[44,140547,140548],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140549,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,140551,140552,140554,140556,140558],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,140553,136],{"class":135},[44,140555,121],{"class":58},[44,140557,34350],{"class":117},[44,140559,100],{"class":58},[20,140561,247],{},[35,140563,140565],{"className":37,"code":140564,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a,b,c\n",[15,140566,140567],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140568,140569,140571,140573,140575,140577],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140570,270],{"class":50},[44,140572,72],{"class":58},[44,140574,399],{"class":50},[44,140576,72],{"class":58},[44,140578,68863],{"class":50},[20,140580,140581],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140583,10457],{},[35,140585,140586],{"className":37,"code":42453,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140587,140588,140600,140622,140626],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140589,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140591,34329],{"class":50},[44,140593,55],{"class":54},[44,140595,75],{"class":62},[44,140597,42466],{"class":66},[44,140599,3007],{"class":62},[44,140601,140602,140604,140606,140608,140610,140612,140614,140616,140618,140620],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140603,42473],{"class":50},[44,140605,55],{"class":54},[44,140607,42478],{"class":50},[44,140609,114],{"class":58},[44,140611,34110],{"class":117},[44,140613,121],{"class":58},[44,140615,63],{"class":62},[44,140617,72],{"class":66},[44,140619,63],{"class":62},[44,140621,100],{"class":58},[44,140623,140624],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140625,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,140627,140628,140630,140632,140634],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,140629,136],{"class":135},[44,140631,121],{"class":58},[44,140633,42505],{"class":117},[44,140635,100],{"class":58},[20,140637,247],{},[35,140639,140640],{"className":37,"code":42512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,140641,140642],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140643,140644,140646,140648,140650,140652,140654,140656,140658,140660,140662,140664,140666,140668],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140645,1271],{"class":58},[44,140647,2948],{"class":62},[44,140649,270],{"class":66},[44,140651,2948],{"class":62},[44,140653,72],{"class":58},[44,140655,2943],{"class":62},[44,140657,399],{"class":66},[44,140659,2948],{"class":62},[44,140661,72],{"class":58},[44,140663,2943],{"class":62},[44,140665,408],{"class":66},[44,140667,2948],{"class":62},[44,140669,3286],{"class":58},[20,140671,140672],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[35,140674,140676],{"className":37,"code":140675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140677,140678,140691,140713,140717],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140679,140680,140682,140684,140686,140689],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140681,34329],{"class":50},[44,140683,55],{"class":54},[44,140685,75],{"class":62},[44,140687,140688],{"class":66},"apple,banana",[44,140690,3007],{"class":62},[44,140692,140693,140695,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707,140709,140711],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140694,42473],{"class":50},[44,140696,55],{"class":54},[44,140698,42478],{"class":50},[44,140700,114],{"class":58},[44,140702,34110],{"class":117},[44,140704,121],{"class":58},[44,140706,63],{"class":62},[44,140708,72],{"class":66},[44,140710,63],{"class":62},[44,140712,100],{"class":58},[44,140714,140715],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140716,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,140718,140719,140721,140723,140725,140727,140729],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,140720,136],{"class":135},[44,140722,121],{"class":58},[44,140724,42505],{"class":117},[44,140726,1271],{"class":58},[44,140728,1137],{"class":206},[44,140730,3538],{"class":58},[20,140732,140733,140734,114],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[270,140735,68876],{"href":68875},[338,140737,1337],{"id":1336},[20,140739,8525,140740,140742],{},[15,140741,60164],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[35,140744,140746],{"className":37,"code":140745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140747,140748,140758,140772,140794,140820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,140749,140750,140752,140754,140756],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,140751,136],{"class":135},[44,140753,121],{"class":58},[44,140755,34350],{"class":117},[44,140757,100],{"class":58},[44,140759,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,140761,136],{"class":135},[44,140763,121],{"class":58},[44,140765,34350],{"class":117},[44,140767,114],{"class":58},[44,140769,34110],{"class":117},[44,140771,6843],{"class":58},[44,140773,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,140775,136],{"class":135},[44,140777,121],{"class":58},[44,140779,34350],{"class":117},[44,140781,114],{"class":58},[44,140783,34110],{"class":117},[44,140785,121],{"class":58},[44,140787,2948],{"class":62},[44,140789,72],{"class":66},[44,140791,2948],{"class":62},[44,140793,244],{"class":58},[44,140795,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,140797,136],{"class":135},[44,140799,121],{"class":58},[44,140801,1365],{"class":135},[44,140803,121],{"class":58},[44,140805,34350],{"class":117},[44,140807,114],{"class":58},[44,140809,34110],{"class":117},[44,140811,121],{"class":58},[44,140813,2948],{"class":62},[44,140815,72],{"class":66},[44,140817,2948],{"class":62},[44,140819,2557],{"class":58},[44,140821,140822,140824,140826,140828,140830,140832,140834,140836,140838,140840,140842,140844],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,140823,136],{"class":135},[44,140825,121],{"class":58},[44,140827,2868],{"class":2546},[44,140829,121],{"class":58},[44,140831,34350],{"class":117},[44,140833,114],{"class":58},[44,140835,34110],{"class":117},[44,140837,121],{"class":58},[44,140839,2948],{"class":62},[44,140841,72],{"class":66},[44,140843,2948],{"class":62},[44,140845,2557],{"class":58},[20,140847,10820],{},[169,140849,140850,140853,140856,140859],{},[172,140851,140852],{},"what the original string looks like",[172,140854,140855],{},"which separator works",[172,140857,140858],{},"how many items were created",[172,140860,140861],{},"that the result is a list",[30,140863,1497],{"id":1496},[338,140865,4828,140867,898,140869,1547],{"id":140866},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140868,60164],{},[15,140870,139439],{},[20,140872,140873,140875],{},[15,140874,60164],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140877,140878,140880],{},[15,140879,139439],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[338,140882,12355,140884,124290],{"id":140883},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140885,60164],{},[20,140887,140888,140889,56115],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140890,60164],{},[338,140892,1501,140894,39597],{"id":140893},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140895,139216],{},[20,140897,140898],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[338,140900,140902],{"id":140901},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140904,28700,140905,140907],{},[15,140906,60164],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[30,140909,1554],{"id":1553},[169,140911,140912,140916,140922,140928,140932],{},[172,140913,140914],{},[270,140915,129566],{"href":128645},[172,140917,140918],{},[270,140919,125963,140920,1180],{"href":140178},[15,140921,133043],{},[172,140923,140924],{},[270,140925,125963,140926,1180],{"href":136531},[15,140927,41289],{},[172,140929,140930],{},[270,140931,124718],{"href":50611},[172,140933,140934],{},[270,140935,68876],{"href":68875},[1583,140937,140938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":140940},[140941,140942,140944,140945,140950,140951,140953,140955,140960,140962,140965,140974],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":139046,"depth":103,"text":140943},"What split() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":139294,"depth":103,"text":140946,"children":140947},"Using split() with no separator",[140948],{"id":139434,"depth":132,"text":140949},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139597,"depth":103,"text":139598},{"id":139807,"depth":103,"text":140952},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140008,"depth":103,"text":140954},"What split() returns",{"id":140278,"depth":103,"text":140279,"children":140956},[140957,140958,140959],{"id":140285,"depth":132,"text":140286},{"id":140326,"depth":132,"text":140327},{"id":140380,"depth":132,"text":140381},{"id":140445,"depth":103,"text":140961},"When to use split()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":140963},[140964],{"id":1336,"depth":132,"text":1337},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":140966},[140967,140969,140971,140973],{"id":140866,"depth":132,"text":140968},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140883,"depth":132,"text":140970},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140893,"depth":132,"text":140972},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140901,"depth":132,"text":140902},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138955,"description":140975},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140982,"title":140983,"body":140984,"description":142927,"extension":1616,"meta":142928,"navigation":434,"path":142929,"seo":142930,"stem":142931,"__hash__":142932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140985,"toc":142886},[140986,140991,140996,141003,141076,141081,141086,141091,141107,141109,141179,141181,141183,141203,141205,141250,141255,141257,141355,141360,141364,141369,141373,141376,141418,141422,141425,141470,141474,141477,141527,141531,141536,141588,141590,141595,141606,141611,141691,141693,141705,141714,141721,141736,141738,141853,141859,141863,141866,141871,142013,142016,142023,142025,142029,142037,142106,142112,142161,142166,142171,142173,142193,142195,142261,142263,142267,142270,142274,142315,142317,142350,142355,142358,142385,142387,142430,142437,142442,142452,142518,142522,142530,142535,142586,142590,142593,142595,142604,142606,142656,142658,142765,142767,142772,142779,142785,142788,142819,142824,142826,142833,142841,142850,142853,142855,142883],[10,140987,122963,140989,18],{"id":140988},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140990,127331],{},[20,140992,122968,140993,140995],{},[15,140994,127331],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140997,126029,140998,2522,141000,141002],{},[15,140999,3254],{},[15,141001,3324],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[35,141004,141006],{"className":37,"code":141005,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141007,141008,141021,141025,141050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141009,141010,141012,141014,141016,141019],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141011,34329],{"class":50},[44,141013,55],{"class":54},[44,141015,75],{"class":62},[44,141017,141018],{"class":66},"Python Beginner Help",[44,141020,3007],{"class":62},[44,141022,141023],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141024,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,141026,141027,141029,141031,141033,141035,141038,141040,141042,141044,141046,141048],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141028,136],{"class":135},[44,141030,121],{"class":58},[44,141032,34350],{"class":117},[44,141034,114],{"class":58},[44,141036,141037],{"class":117},"startswith",[44,141039,121],{"class":58},[44,141041,63],{"class":62},[44,141043,6946],{"class":66},[44,141045,63],{"class":62},[44,141047,459],{"class":58},[44,141049,43492],{"class":147},[44,141051,141052,141054,141056,141058,141060,141062,141064,141066,141069,141071,141073],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,141053,136],{"class":135},[44,141055,121],{"class":58},[44,141057,34350],{"class":117},[44,141059,114],{"class":58},[44,141061,141037],{"class":117},[44,141063,121],{"class":58},[44,141065,63],{"class":62},[44,141067,141068],{"class":66},"Beginner",[44,141070,63],{"class":62},[44,141072,459],{"class":58},[44,141074,141075],{"class":147}," # False\n",[20,141077,651,141078,141080],{},[15,141079,127331],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[30,141082,158,141084,161],{"id":141083},"what-startswith-does",[15,141085,127331],{},[20,141087,141088,141090],{},[15,141089,127331],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[169,141092,141093,141096,141102,141104],{},[172,141094,141095],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[172,141097,4796,141098,2522,141100],{},[15,141099,3254],{},[15,141101,3324],{},[172,141103,123106],{},[172,141105,141106],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141108,189],{},[35,141110,141112],{"className":37,"code":141111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141113,141114,141126,141130,141155],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141115,141116,141118,141120,141122,141124],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141117,7525],{"class":50},[44,141119,55],{"class":54},[44,141121,75],{"class":62},[44,141123,6946],{"class":66},[44,141125,3007],{"class":62},[44,141127,141128],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141129,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,141131,141132,141134,141136,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141149,141151,141153],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141133,136],{"class":135},[44,141135,121],{"class":58},[44,141137,7318],{"class":117},[44,141139,114],{"class":58},[44,141141,141037],{"class":117},[44,141143,121],{"class":58},[44,141145,63],{"class":62},[44,141147,141148],{"class":66},"Py",[44,141150,63],{"class":62},[44,141152,459],{"class":58},[44,141154,43492],{"class":147},[44,141156,141157,141159,141161,141163,141165,141167,141169,141171,141173,141175,141177],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,141158,136],{"class":135},[44,141160,121],{"class":58},[44,141162,7318],{"class":117},[44,141164,114],{"class":58},[44,141166,141037],{"class":117},[44,141168,121],{"class":58},[44,141170,63],{"class":62},[44,141172,128408],{"class":66},[44,141174,63],{"class":62},[44,141176,459],{"class":58},[44,141178,43509],{"class":147},[30,141180,277],{"id":276},[20,141182,42021],{},[35,141184,141186],{"className":37,"code":141185,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141187,141188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141189,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141201],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141191,60805],{"class":50},[44,141193,114],{"class":58},[44,141195,141037],{"class":117},[44,141197,121],{"class":58},[44,141199,141200],{"class":117},"prefix",[44,141202,100],{"class":58},[20,141204,30404],{},[35,141206,141208],{"className":37,"code":141207,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141209,141210,141228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141211,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224,141226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141213,60805],{"class":50},[44,141215,114],{"class":58},[44,141217,141037],{"class":117},[44,141219,121],{"class":58},[44,141221,141200],{"class":117},[44,141223,72],{"class":58},[44,141225,329],{"class":117},[44,141227,100],{"class":58},[44,141229,141230,141232,141234,141236,141238,141240,141242,141244,141246,141248],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141231,60805],{"class":50},[44,141233,114],{"class":58},[44,141235,141037],{"class":117},[44,141237,121],{"class":58},[44,141239,141200],{"class":117},[44,141241,72],{"class":58},[44,141243,329],{"class":117},[44,141245,72],{"class":58},[44,141247,334],{"class":117},[44,141249,100],{"class":58},[20,141251,20413,141252,141254],{},[15,141253,141200],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141256,189],{},[35,141258,141260],{"className":37,"code":141259,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141261,141262,141274,141278,141303,141327],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141263,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141265,34329],{"class":50},[44,141267,55],{"class":54},[44,141269,75],{"class":62},[44,141271,60039],{"class":66},[44,141273,3007],{"class":62},[44,141275,141276],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141277,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,141279,141280,141282,141284,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141281,136],{"class":135},[44,141283,121],{"class":58},[44,141285,34350],{"class":117},[44,141287,114],{"class":58},[44,141289,141037],{"class":117},[44,141291,121],{"class":58},[44,141293,63],{"class":62},[44,141295,3495],{"class":66},[44,141297,63],{"class":62},[44,141299,459],{"class":58},[44,141301,141302],{"class":147},"      # True\n",[44,141304,141305,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,141306,136],{"class":135},[44,141308,121],{"class":58},[44,141310,34350],{"class":117},[44,141312,114],{"class":58},[44,141314,141037],{"class":117},[44,141316,121],{"class":58},[44,141318,63],{"class":62},[44,141320,60224],{"class":66},[44,141322,63],{"class":62},[44,141324,459],{"class":58},[44,141326,20841],{"class":147},[44,141328,141329,141331,141333,141335,141337,141339,141341,141343,141345,141347,141349,141351,141353],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,141330,136],{"class":135},[44,141332,121],{"class":58},[44,141334,34350],{"class":117},[44,141336,114],{"class":58},[44,141338,141037],{"class":117},[44,141340,121],{"class":58},[44,141342,63],{"class":62},[44,141344,60224],{"class":66},[44,141346,63],{"class":62},[44,141348,72],{"class":58},[44,141350,37280],{"class":206},[44,141352,459],{"class":58},[44,141354,43492],{"class":147},[20,141356,141357,141358,114],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[270,141359,124718],{"href":50611},[30,141361,141363],{"id":141362},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141365,141366,141368],{},[15,141367,127331],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[338,141370,141371],{"id":141200},[15,141372,141200],{},[20,141374,141375],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[35,141377,141379],{"className":37,"code":141378,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141380,141381,141393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141382,141383,141385,141387,141389,141391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141384,34329],{"class":50},[44,141386,55],{"class":54},[44,141388,75],{"class":62},[44,141390,1218],{"class":66},[44,141392,3007],{"class":62},[44,141394,141395,141397,141399,141401,141403,141405,141407,141409,141412,141414,141416],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141396,136],{"class":135},[44,141398,121],{"class":58},[44,141400,34350],{"class":117},[44,141402,114],{"class":58},[44,141404,141037],{"class":117},[44,141406,121],{"class":58},[44,141408,63],{"class":62},[44,141410,141411],{"class":66},"ban",[44,141413,63],{"class":62},[44,141415,459],{"class":58},[44,141417,3314],{"class":147},[338,141419,141420],{"id":353},[15,141421,353],{},[20,141423,141424],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[35,141426,141428],{"className":37,"code":141427,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141429,141430,141442],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141431,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141433,34329],{"class":50},[44,141435,55],{"class":54},[44,141437,75],{"class":62},[44,141439,60039],{"class":66},[44,141441,3007],{"class":62},[44,141443,141444,141446,141448,141450,141452,141454,141456,141458,141460,141462,141464,141466,141468],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141445,136],{"class":135},[44,141447,121],{"class":58},[44,141449,34350],{"class":117},[44,141451,114],{"class":58},[44,141453,141037],{"class":117},[44,141455,121],{"class":58},[44,141457,63],{"class":62},[44,141459,60224],{"class":66},[44,141461,63],{"class":62},[44,141463,72],{"class":58},[44,141465,37280],{"class":206},[44,141467,459],{"class":58},[44,141469,3314],{"class":147},[338,141471,141472],{"id":359},[15,141473,359],{},[20,141475,141476],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[35,141478,141480],{"className":37,"code":141479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141481,141482,141494],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141483,141484,141486,141488,141490,141492],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141485,34329],{"class":50},[44,141487,55],{"class":54},[44,141489,75],{"class":62},[44,141491,60039],{"class":66},[44,141493,3007],{"class":62},[44,141495,141496,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506,141508,141510,141513,141515,141517,141519,141521,141523,141525],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141497,136],{"class":135},[44,141499,121],{"class":58},[44,141501,34350],{"class":117},[44,141503,114],{"class":58},[44,141505,141037],{"class":117},[44,141507,121],{"class":58},[44,141509,63],{"class":62},[44,141511,141512],{"class":66},"wor",[44,141514,63],{"class":62},[44,141516,72],{"class":58},[44,141518,37280],{"class":206},[44,141520,72],{"class":58},[44,141522,53772],{"class":206},[44,141524,459],{"class":58},[44,141526,3314],{"class":147},[338,141528,141530],{"id":141529},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141532,141533,141535],{},[15,141534,141200],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[35,141537,141539],{"className":37,"code":141538,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141540,141541,141554],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141542,141543,141545,141547,141549,141552],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141544,126046],{"class":50},[44,141546,55],{"class":54},[44,141548,75],{"class":62},[44,141550,141551],{"class":66},"img_001.png",[44,141553,3007],{"class":62},[44,141555,141556,141558,141560,141562,141564,141566,141568,141570,141573,141575,141577,141579,141582,141584,141586],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141557,136],{"class":135},[44,141559,121],{"class":58},[44,141561,126064],{"class":117},[44,141563,114],{"class":58},[44,141565,141037],{"class":117},[44,141567,5158],{"class":58},[44,141569,63],{"class":62},[44,141571,141572],{"class":66},"img_",[44,141574,63],{"class":62},[44,141576,72],{"class":58},[44,141578,75],{"class":62},[44,141580,141581],{"class":66},"photo_",[44,141583,63],{"class":62},[44,141585,50727],{"class":58},[44,141587,3314],{"class":147},[30,141589,17063],{"id":17062},[20,141591,141592,141594],{},[15,141593,127331],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[169,141596,141597,141602],{},[172,141598,141599,141601],{},[15,141600,3254],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[172,141603,141604,126648],{},[15,141605,3324],{},[20,141607,141608,141609,6821],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141610,806],{},[35,141612,141614],{"className":37,"code":141613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141615,141616,141630,141634,141655,141670,141676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141617,141618,141621,141623,141625,141628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141619,141620],{"class":50},"command ",[44,141622,55],{"class":54},[44,141624,75],{"class":62},[44,141626,141627],{"class":66},"\u002Fhelp",[44,141629,3007],{"class":62},[44,141631,141632],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141633,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,141635,141636,141638,141641,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141653],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141637,806],{"class":805},[44,141639,141640],{"class":50}," command",[44,141642,114],{"class":58},[44,141644,141037],{"class":117},[44,141646,121],{"class":58},[44,141648,63],{"class":62},[44,141650,126855],{"class":66},[44,141652,63],{"class":62},[44,141654,7991],{"class":58},[44,141656,141657,141659,141661,141663,141666,141668],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,141658,825],{"class":135},[44,141660,121],{"class":58},[44,141662,63],{"class":62},[44,141664,141665],{"class":66},"This looks like a command.",[44,141667,63],{"class":62},[44,141669,100],{"class":58},[44,141671,141672,141674],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,141673,848],{"class":805},[44,141675,820],{"class":58},[44,141677,141678,141680,141682,141684,141687,141689],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,141679,825],{"class":135},[44,141681,121],{"class":58},[44,141683,63],{"class":62},[44,141685,141686],{"class":66},"This is normal text.",[44,141688,63],{"class":62},[44,141690,100],{"class":58},[20,141692,247],{},[35,141694,141696],{"className":37,"code":141695,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141697,141698],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141699,141700,141703],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141701,141702],{"class":50},"This looks like a command",[44,141704,121995],{"class":58},[30,141706,895,141708,8354,141710,898,141712],{"id":141707},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141709,127331],{},[15,141711,353],{},[15,141713,359],{},[20,141715,164,141716,898,141718,141720],{},[15,141717,353],{},[15,141719,359],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[169,141722,141723,141728,141733],{},[172,141724,141725,141727],{},[15,141726,353],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[172,141729,141730,141732],{},[15,141731,359],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[172,141734,141735],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141737,189],{},[35,141739,141741],{"className":37,"code":141740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141742,141743,141755,141759,141788,141821],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141744,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141746,34329],{"class":50},[44,141748,55],{"class":54},[44,141750,75],{"class":62},[44,141752,139240],{"class":66},[44,141754,3007],{"class":62},[44,141756,141757],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141758,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,141760,141761,141763,141765,141767,141769,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141762,136],{"class":135},[44,141764,121],{"class":58},[44,141766,34350],{"class":117},[44,141768,114],{"class":58},[44,141770,141037],{"class":117},[44,141772,121],{"class":58},[44,141774,63],{"class":62},[44,141776,78887],{"class":66},[44,141778,63],{"class":62},[44,141780,72],{"class":58},[44,141782,1114],{"class":206},[44,141784,459],{"class":58},[44,141786,141787],{"class":147},"        # True\n",[44,141789,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141817,141819],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,141791,136],{"class":135},[44,141793,121],{"class":58},[44,141795,34350],{"class":117},[44,141797,114],{"class":58},[44,141799,141037],{"class":117},[44,141801,121],{"class":58},[44,141803,63],{"class":62},[44,141805,133847],{"class":66},[44,141807,63],{"class":62},[44,141809,72],{"class":58},[44,141811,6008],{"class":206},[44,141813,72],{"class":58},[44,141815,141816],{"class":206}," 13",[44,141818,459],{"class":58},[44,141820,3314],{"class":147},[44,141822,141823,141825,141827,141829,141831,141833,141835,141837,141839,141841,141843,141845,141847,141849,141851],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,141824,136],{"class":135},[44,141826,121],{"class":58},[44,141828,34350],{"class":117},[44,141830,114],{"class":58},[44,141832,141037],{"class":117},[44,141834,121],{"class":58},[44,141836,63],{"class":62},[44,141838,133847],{"class":66},[44,141840,63],{"class":62},[44,141842,72],{"class":58},[44,141844,6008],{"class":206},[44,141846,72],{"class":58},[44,141848,30583],{"class":206},[44,141850,459],{"class":58},[44,141852,4420],{"class":147},[20,141854,141855,141856,141858],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141857,359],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[30,141860,141862],{"id":141861},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141864,141865],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141867,141868,141869,48986],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141870,40473],{},[35,141872,141874],{"className":37,"code":141873,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141875,141876,141890,141904,141918,141922,141946,141950,141971,141992],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,141877,141878,141881,141883,141885,141888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,141879,141880],{"class":50},"filename1 ",[44,141882,55],{"class":54},[44,141884,75],{"class":62},[44,141886,141887],{"class":66},"img_101.jpg",[44,141889,3007],{"class":62},[44,141891,141892,141895,141897,141899,141902],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,141893,141894],{"class":50},"filename2 ",[44,141896,55],{"class":54},[44,141898,75],{"class":62},[44,141900,141901],{"class":66},"photo_202.jpg",[44,141903,3007],{"class":62},[44,141905,141906,141909,141911,141913,141916],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,141907,141908],{"class":50},"filename3 ",[44,141910,55],{"class":54},[44,141912,75],{"class":62},[44,141914,141915],{"class":66},"doc_303.jpg",[44,141917,3007],{"class":62},[44,141919,141920],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,141921,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,141923,141924,141926,141928,141930,141932,141934,141936,141938,141940,141942,141944],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,141925,127258],{"class":50},[44,141927,55],{"class":54},[44,141929,59],{"class":58},[44,141931,63],{"class":62},[44,141933,141572],{"class":66},[44,141935,63],{"class":62},[44,141937,72],{"class":58},[44,141939,75],{"class":62},[44,141941,141581],{"class":66},[44,141943,63],{"class":62},[44,141945,100],{"class":58},[44,141947,141948],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,141949,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,141951,141952,141954,141956,141959,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,141953,136],{"class":135},[44,141955,121],{"class":58},[44,141957,141958],{"class":117},"filename1",[44,141960,114],{"class":58},[44,141962,141037],{"class":117},[44,141964,121],{"class":58},[44,141966,127310],{"class":117},[44,141968,459],{"class":58},[44,141970,3314],{"class":147},[44,141972,141973,141975,141977,141980,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,141974,136],{"class":135},[44,141976,121],{"class":58},[44,141978,141979],{"class":117},"filename2",[44,141981,114],{"class":58},[44,141983,141037],{"class":117},[44,141985,121],{"class":58},[44,141987,127310],{"class":117},[44,141989,459],{"class":58},[44,141991,3314],{"class":147},[44,141993,141994,141996,141998,142001,142003,142005,142007,142009,142011],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,141995,136],{"class":135},[44,141997,121],{"class":58},[44,141999,142000],{"class":117},"filename3",[44,142002,114],{"class":58},[44,142004,141037],{"class":117},[44,142006,121],{"class":58},[44,142008,127310],{"class":117},[44,142010,459],{"class":58},[44,142012,4420],{"class":147},[20,142014,142015],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142017,74389,142018,142022],{},[270,142019,125963,142020,1180],{"href":129555},[15,142021,126021],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[30,142024,123610],{"id":123609},[20,142026,142027,123421],{},[15,142028,127331],{},[20,142030,127008,142031,898,142034,127015],{},[15,142032,142033],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142035,142036],{},"\"python\"",[35,142038,142040],{"className":37,"code":142039,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142041,142042,142054,142058,142082],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142043,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142045,34329],{"class":50},[44,142047,55],{"class":54},[44,142049,75],{"class":62},[44,142051,6946],{"class":66},[44,142053,3007],{"class":62},[44,142055,142056],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142057,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,142059,142060,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142061,136],{"class":135},[44,142063,121],{"class":58},[44,142065,34350],{"class":117},[44,142067,114],{"class":58},[44,142069,141037],{"class":117},[44,142071,121],{"class":58},[44,142073,63],{"class":62},[44,142075,141148],{"class":66},[44,142077,63],{"class":62},[44,142079,459],{"class":58},[44,142081,3314],{"class":147},[44,142083,142084,142086,142088,142090,142092,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,142085,136],{"class":135},[44,142087,121],{"class":58},[44,142089,34350],{"class":117},[44,142091,114],{"class":58},[44,142093,141037],{"class":117},[44,142095,121],{"class":58},[44,142097,63],{"class":62},[44,142099,128408],{"class":66},[44,142101,63],{"class":62},[44,142103,459],{"class":58},[44,142105,4420],{"class":147},[20,142107,127100,142108,114],{},[270,142109,142110],{"href":123690},[15,142111,123693],{},[35,142113,142115],{"className":37,"code":142114,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142116,142117,142129,142133],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142118,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142120,34329],{"class":50},[44,142122,55],{"class":54},[44,142124,75],{"class":62},[44,142126,6946],{"class":66},[44,142128,3007],{"class":62},[44,142130,142131],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142132,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,142134,142135,142137,142139,142141,142143,142145,142147,142149,142151,142153,142155,142157,142159],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142136,136],{"class":135},[44,142138,121],{"class":58},[44,142140,34350],{"class":117},[44,142142,114],{"class":58},[44,142144,8289],{"class":117},[44,142146,8286],{"class":58},[44,142148,141037],{"class":117},[44,142150,121],{"class":58},[44,142152,63],{"class":62},[44,142154,128408],{"class":66},[44,142156,63],{"class":62},[44,142158,459],{"class":58},[44,142160,3314],{"class":147},[30,142162,4609,142164],{"id":142163},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142165,127331],{},[20,142167,142168,142170],{},[15,142169,127331],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142172,9024],{},[169,142174,142175,142178,142181,142190],{},[172,142176,142177],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[172,142179,142180],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[172,142182,142183,142184,2522,142187],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142185,142186],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142188,142189],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[172,142191,142192],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142194,189],{},[35,142196,142198],{"className":37,"code":142197,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142199,142200,142213,142217,142246],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142201,142202,142204,142206,142208,142211],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142203,126826],{"class":50},[44,142205,55],{"class":54},[44,142207,75],{"class":62},[44,142209,142210],{"class":66},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[44,142212,3007],{"class":62},[44,142214,142215],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142216,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,142218,142219,142221,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238,142240,142242,142244],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142220,806],{"class":805},[44,142222,142223],{"class":50}," url",[44,142225,114],{"class":58},[44,142227,141037],{"class":117},[44,142229,5158],{"class":58},[44,142231,63],{"class":62},[44,142233,142186],{"class":66},[44,142235,63],{"class":62},[44,142237,72],{"class":58},[44,142239,75],{"class":62},[44,142241,142189],{"class":66},[44,142243,63],{"class":62},[44,142245,69180],{"class":58},[44,142247,142248,142250,142252,142254,142257,142259],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,142249,825],{"class":135},[44,142251,121],{"class":58},[44,142253,63],{"class":62},[44,142255,142256],{"class":66},"This looks like a web URL.",[44,142258,63],{"class":62},[44,142260,100],{"class":58},[30,142262,1299],{"id":1298},[20,142264,22734,142265,114],{},[15,142266,127331],{},[338,142268,138401],{"id":142269},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142271,142272,123421],{},[15,142273,127331],{},[35,142275,142277],{"className":37,"code":142276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142278,142279,142291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142280,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142282,34329],{"class":50},[44,142284,55],{"class":54},[44,142286,75],{"class":62},[44,142288,6946],{"class":66},[44,142290,3007],{"class":62},[44,142292,142293,142295,142297,142299,142301,142303,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142294,136],{"class":135},[44,142296,121],{"class":58},[44,142298,34350],{"class":117},[44,142300,114],{"class":58},[44,142302,141037],{"class":117},[44,142304,121],{"class":58},[44,142306,63],{"class":62},[44,142308,39],{"class":66},[44,142310,63],{"class":62},[44,142312,459],{"class":58},[44,142314,4420],{"class":147},[20,142316,38899],{},[35,142318,142320],{"className":37,"code":142319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142321,142322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142323,142324,142326,142328,142330,142332,142334,142336,142338,142340,142342,142344,142346,142348],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142325,136],{"class":135},[44,142327,121],{"class":58},[44,142329,34350],{"class":117},[44,142331,114],{"class":58},[44,142333,8289],{"class":117},[44,142335,8286],{"class":58},[44,142337,141037],{"class":117},[44,142339,121],{"class":58},[44,142341,63],{"class":62},[44,142343,39],{"class":66},[44,142345,63],{"class":62},[44,142347,459],{"class":58},[44,142349,3314],{"class":147},[338,142351,29289,142353,136883],{"id":142352},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142354,127331],{},[20,142356,142357],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[35,142359,142361],{"className":37,"code":142360,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142362,142363,142371,142375,142380],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142364,142365,142367,142369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142366,1380],{"class":50},[44,142368,55],{"class":54},[44,142370,124645],{"class":206},[44,142372,142373],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142374,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,142376,142377],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142378,142379],{"class":147},"# This will cause an error:\n",[44,142381,142382],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,142383,142384],{"class":147},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142386,38899],{},[35,142388,142390],{"className":37,"code":142389,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142391,142392,142406],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142393,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142395,1380],{"class":50},[44,142397,55],{"class":54},[44,142399,48542],{"class":2546},[44,142401,121],{"class":58},[44,142403,49884],{"class":206},[44,142405,100],{"class":58},[44,142407,142408,142410,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422,142424,142426,142428],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142409,136],{"class":135},[44,142411,121],{"class":58},[44,142413,302],{"class":117},[44,142415,114],{"class":58},[44,142417,141037],{"class":117},[44,142419,121],{"class":58},[44,142421,63],{"class":62},[44,142423,1133],{"class":66},[44,142425,63],{"class":62},[44,142427,459],{"class":58},[44,142429,3314],{"class":147},[338,142431,1330,142433,8354,142435],{"id":142432},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142434,127331],{},[15,142436,1383],{},[20,142438,142439,142441],{},[15,142440,127331],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142443,142444,142445,142447,142448,114],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142446,1383],{}," or methods like ",[270,142449,142450],{"href":123973},[15,142451,123958],{},[35,142453,142455],{"className":37,"code":142454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142456,142457,142469,142473,142497],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142458,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142460,34329],{"class":50},[44,142462,55],{"class":54},[44,142464,75],{"class":62},[44,142466,60039],{"class":66},[44,142468,3007],{"class":62},[44,142470,142471],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142472,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,142474,142475,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493,142495],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142476,136],{"class":135},[44,142478,121],{"class":58},[44,142480,34350],{"class":117},[44,142482,114],{"class":58},[44,142484,141037],{"class":117},[44,142486,121],{"class":58},[44,142488,63],{"class":62},[44,142490,60224],{"class":66},[44,142492,63],{"class":62},[44,142494,459],{"class":58},[44,142496,4420],{"class":147},[44,142498,142499,142501,142503,142505,142507,142509,142511,142513,142515],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,142500,136],{"class":135},[44,142502,121],{"class":58},[44,142504,63],{"class":62},[44,142506,60224],{"class":66},[44,142508,63],{"class":62},[44,142510,815],{"class":805},[44,142512,42478],{"class":117},[44,142514,144],{"class":58},[44,142516,142517],{"class":147},"           # True\n",[20,142519,135435,142520,114],{},[270,142521,126999],{"href":123218},[338,142523,4353,142525,898,142527,142529],{"id":142524},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142526,353],{},[15,142528,359],{}," use index positions",[20,142531,142532,142533,114],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142534,186],{},[35,142536,142538],{"className":37,"code":142537,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142539,142540,142553,142557],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142541,142542,142544,142546,142548,142551],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142543,34329],{"class":50},[44,142545,55],{"class":54},[44,142547,75],{"class":62},[44,142549,142550],{"class":66},"abcdef",[44,142552,3007],{"class":62},[44,142554,142555],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142556,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,142558,142559,142561,142563,142565,142567,142569,142571,142573,142576,142578,142580,142582,142584],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142560,136],{"class":135},[44,142562,121],{"class":58},[44,142564,34350],{"class":117},[44,142566,114],{"class":58},[44,142568,141037],{"class":117},[44,142570,121],{"class":58},[44,142572,63],{"class":62},[44,142574,142575],{"class":66},"cd",[44,142577,63],{"class":62},[44,142579,72],{"class":58},[44,142581,488],{"class":206},[44,142583,459],{"class":58},[44,142585,3314],{"class":147},[338,142587,142589],{"id":142588},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142591,142592],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142594,16291],{},[35,142596,142598],{"className":37,"code":142597,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142599,142600],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142601,142602],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142603,142597],{"class":147},[20,142605,16303],{},[35,142607,142609],{"className":37,"code":142608,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142610,142611,142623],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142612,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142614,34329],{"class":50},[44,142616,55],{"class":54},[44,142618,75],{"class":62},[44,142620,6946],{"class":66},[44,142622,3007],{"class":62},[44,142624,142625,142627,142629,142631,142633,142635,142637,142639,142641,142643,142645,142647,142650,142652,142654],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142626,136],{"class":135},[44,142628,121],{"class":58},[44,142630,34350],{"class":117},[44,142632,114],{"class":58},[44,142634,141037],{"class":117},[44,142636,5158],{"class":58},[44,142638,63],{"class":62},[44,142640,141148],{"class":66},[44,142642,63],{"class":62},[44,142644,72],{"class":58},[44,142646,75],{"class":62},[44,142648,142649],{"class":66},"Ja",[44,142651,63],{"class":62},[44,142653,50727],{"class":58},[44,142655,3314],{"class":147},[20,142657,31723],{},[35,142659,142661],{"className":37,"code":142660,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142662,142663,142673,142687,142709,142735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142664,142665,142667,142669,142671],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142666,136],{"class":135},[44,142668,121],{"class":58},[44,142670,34350],{"class":117},[44,142672,100],{"class":58},[44,142674,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142676,136],{"class":135},[44,142678,121],{"class":58},[44,142680,2868],{"class":2546},[44,142682,121],{"class":58},[44,142684,34350],{"class":117},[44,142686,244],{"class":58},[44,142688,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142690,136],{"class":135},[44,142692,121],{"class":58},[44,142694,34350],{"class":117},[44,142696,114],{"class":58},[44,142698,141037],{"class":117},[44,142700,121],{"class":58},[44,142702,63],{"class":62},[44,142704,141148],{"class":66},[44,142706,63],{"class":62},[44,142708,244],{"class":58},[44,142710,142711,142713,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,142712,136],{"class":135},[44,142714,121],{"class":58},[44,142716,34350],{"class":117},[44,142718,114],{"class":58},[44,142720,8289],{"class":117},[44,142722,8286],{"class":58},[44,142724,141037],{"class":117},[44,142726,121],{"class":58},[44,142728,63],{"class":62},[44,142730,128408],{"class":66},[44,142732,63],{"class":62},[44,142734,244],{"class":58},[44,142736,142737,142739,142741,142743,142745,142747,142749,142751,142753,142755,142757,142759,142761,142763],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,142738,136],{"class":135},[44,142740,121],{"class":58},[44,142742,34350],{"class":117},[44,142744,114],{"class":58},[44,142746,141037],{"class":117},[44,142748,5158],{"class":58},[44,142750,63],{"class":62},[44,142752,141148],{"class":66},[44,142754,63],{"class":62},[44,142756,72],{"class":58},[44,142758,75],{"class":62},[44,142760,142649],{"class":66},[44,142762,63],{"class":62},[44,142764,2557],{"class":58},[30,142766,1497],{"id":1496},[338,142768,12355,142770,127809],{"id":142769},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142771,127331],{},[20,142773,142774,142775,2522,142777,114],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142776,3254],{},[15,142778,3324],{},[338,142780,4818,142782,142784],{"id":142781},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142783,127331],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142786,142787],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[35,142789,142791],{"className":37,"code":142790,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142792,142793],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142794,142795,142797,142799,142801,142803,142805,142807,142809,142811,142813,142815,142817],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142796,34350],{"class":50},[44,142798,114],{"class":58},[44,142800,141037],{"class":117},[44,142802,5158],{"class":58},[44,142804,63],{"class":62},[44,142806,270],{"class":66},[44,142808,63],{"class":62},[44,142810,72],{"class":58},[44,142812,75],{"class":62},[44,142814,399],{"class":66},[44,142816,63],{"class":62},[44,142818,244],{"class":58},[338,142820,1540,142822,124299],{"id":142821},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142823,127331],{},[20,142825,129490],{},[338,142827,4828,142829,898,142831,1547],{"id":142828},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142830,127331],{},[15,142832,1383],{},[20,142834,142835,142837,142838,142840],{},[15,142836,127331],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142839,1383],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[338,142842,27967,142844,898,142846,8354,142848,1547],{"id":142843},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142845,353],{},[15,142847,359],{},[15,142849,127331],{},[20,142851,142852],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[30,142854,1554],{"id":1553},[169,142856,142857,142863,142869,142875,142879],{},[172,142858,142859],{},[270,142860,125963,142861,1180],{"href":129555},[15,142862,126021],{},[172,142864,142865],{},[270,142866,125963,142867,1180],{"href":123973},[15,142868,123958],{},[172,142870,142871],{},[270,142872,125963,142873,1180],{"href":123690},[15,142874,123693],{},[172,142876,142877],{},[270,142878,124362],{"href":123218},[172,142880,142881],{},[270,142882,124718],{"href":50611},[1583,142884,142885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":142887},[142888,142890,142891,142897,142898,142900,142901,142902,142904,142914,142926],{"id":141083,"depth":103,"text":142889},"What startswith() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":141362,"depth":103,"text":141363,"children":142892},[142893,142894,142895,142896],{"id":141200,"depth":132,"text":141200},{"id":353,"depth":132,"text":353},{"id":359,"depth":132,"text":359},{"id":141529,"depth":132,"text":141530},{"id":17062,"depth":103,"text":17063},{"id":141707,"depth":103,"text":142899},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141861,"depth":103,"text":141862},{"id":123609,"depth":103,"text":123610},{"id":142163,"depth":103,"text":142903},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":142905},[142906,142907,142909,142911,142913],{"id":142269,"depth":132,"text":138401},{"id":142352,"depth":132,"text":142908},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142432,"depth":132,"text":142910},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142524,"depth":132,"text":142912},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142588,"depth":132,"text":142589},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":142915},[142916,142918,142920,142922,142924],{"id":142769,"depth":132,"text":142917},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142781,"depth":132,"text":142919},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142821,"depth":132,"text":142921},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142828,"depth":132,"text":142923},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142843,"depth":132,"text":142925},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140983,"description":142927},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142934,"title":142935,"body":142936,"description":144390,"extension":1616,"meta":144391,"navigation":434,"path":144392,"seo":144393,"stem":144394,"__hash__":144395},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142937,"toc":144360},[142938,142943,142948,142951,142953,142997,142999,143007,143012,143017,143022,143024,143042,143044,143090,143092,143106,143115,143119,143121,143123,143135,143140,143143,143175,143177,143186,143191,143194,143235,143237,143245,143247,143260,143266,143270,143273,143289,143291,143340,143342,143351,143354,143413,143415,143424,143431,143434,143487,143489,143513,143520,143526,143530,143536,143539,143550,143552,143592,143594,143602,143604,143644,143646,143655,143657,143675,143678,143685,143696,143699,143716,143718,143795,143797,143828,143831,143833,143836,143862,143864,143904,143906,143915,143925,143933,143941,143946,143951,143953,143967,143969,144020,144022,144031,144041,144043,144045,144067,144070,144149,144151,144187,144190,144265,144270,144272,144278,144283,144288,144291,144297,144300,144307,144315,144319,144327,144329,144357],[10,142939,122963,142941,18],{"id":142940},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142942,41289],{},[20,142944,31958,142945,142947],{},[15,142946,41289],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142949,142950],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[30,142952,3259],{"id":3258},[35,142954,142956],{"className":37,"code":142955,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142957,142958,142971,142986],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,142959,142960,142962,142964,142966,142969],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,142961,34329],{"class":50},[44,142963,55],{"class":54},[44,142965,75],{"class":62},[44,142967,142968],{"class":66},"  hello  ",[44,142970,3007],{"class":62},[44,142972,142973,142976,142978,142980,142982,142984],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,142974,142975],{"class":50},"clean_text ",[44,142977,55],{"class":54},[44,142979,42478],{"class":50},[44,142981,114],{"class":58},[44,142983,8283],{"class":117},[44,142985,8292],{"class":58},[44,142987,142988,142990,142992,142995],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,142989,136],{"class":135},[44,142991,121],{"class":58},[44,142993,142994],{"class":117},"clean_text",[44,142996,100],{"class":58},[20,142998,247],{},[35,143000,143001],{"className":37,"code":138276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143002,143003],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143004,143005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143006,138276],{"class":50},[20,143008,651,143009,143011],{},[15,143010,41289],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[30,143013,158,143015,161],{"id":143014},"what-strip-does",[15,143016,41289],{},[20,143018,143019,143021],{},[15,143020,41289],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143023,12703],{},[169,143025,143026,143030,143033,143036,143039],{},[172,143027,143028,131311],{},[15,143029,41289],{},[172,143031,143032],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[172,143034,143035],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[172,143037,143038],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[172,143040,143041],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143043,189],{},[35,143045,143047],{"className":37,"code":143046,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143048,143049,143062,143066,143080],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143050,143051,143053,143055,143057,143060],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143052,34329],{"class":50},[44,143054,55],{"class":54},[44,143056,75],{"class":62},[44,143058,143059],{"class":66},"  hello world  ",[44,143061,3007],{"class":62},[44,143063,143064],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143065,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,143067,143068,143070,143072,143074,143076,143078],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143069,136],{"class":135},[44,143071,121],{"class":58},[44,143073,34350],{"class":117},[44,143075,114],{"class":58},[44,143077,8283],{"class":117},[44,143079,6843],{"class":58},[44,143081,143082,143084,143086,143088],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,143083,136],{"class":135},[44,143085,121],{"class":58},[44,143087,34350],{"class":117},[44,143089,100],{"class":58},[20,143091,247],{},[35,143093,143095],{"className":37,"code":143094,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143096,143097,143101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143098,143099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143100,133977],{"class":50},[44,143102,143103],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143104,143105],{"class":50},"  hello world\n",[20,143107,143108,143109,143111,143112,143114],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143110,41289],{},", but the original ",[15,143113,34350],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143116,124715,143117,114],{},[270,143118,124718],{"href":50611},[30,143120,277],{"id":276},[20,143122,26127],{},[169,143124,143125,143130],{},[172,143126,143127],{},[15,143128,143129],{},"string.strip()",[172,143131,143132],{},[15,143133,143134],{},"string.strip(chars)",[338,143136,143138],{"id":143137},"stringstrip",[15,143139,143129],{},[20,143141,143142],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[35,143144,143146],{"className":37,"code":143145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143147,143148,143161],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143149,143150,143152,143154,143156,143159],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143151,7525],{"class":50},[44,143153,55],{"class":54},[44,143155,75],{"class":62},[44,143157,143158],{"class":66},"  Alice  ",[44,143160,3007],{"class":62},[44,143162,143163,143165,143167,143169,143171,143173],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143164,136],{"class":135},[44,143166,121],{"class":58},[44,143168,7318],{"class":117},[44,143170,114],{"class":58},[44,143172,8283],{"class":117},[44,143174,6843],{"class":58},[20,143176,247],{},[35,143178,143180],{"className":37,"code":143179,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Alice\n",[15,143181,143182],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143183,143184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143185,143179],{"class":50},[338,143187,143189],{"id":143188},"stringstripchars",[15,143190,143134],{},[20,143192,143193],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[35,143195,143197],{"className":37,"code":143196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143198,143199,143212],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143200,143201,143203,143205,143207,143210],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143202,34329],{"class":50},[44,143204,55],{"class":54},[44,143206,75],{"class":62},[44,143208,143209],{"class":66},"!!hello??",[44,143211,3007],{"class":62},[44,143213,143214,143216,143218,143220,143222,143224,143226,143228,143231,143233],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143215,136],{"class":135},[44,143217,121],{"class":58},[44,143219,34350],{"class":117},[44,143221,114],{"class":58},[44,143223,8283],{"class":117},[44,143225,121],{"class":58},[44,143227,63],{"class":62},[44,143229,143230],{"class":66},"!?",[44,143232,63],{"class":62},[44,143234,244],{"class":58},[20,143236,247],{},[35,143238,143239],{"className":37,"code":138276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143240,143241],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143242,143243],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143244,138276],{"class":50},[20,143246,83437],{},[169,143248,143249,143254],{},[172,143250,143251,143253],{},[15,143252,134220],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[172,143255,143256,143257,143259],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143258,134220],{}," does not matter",[30,143261,143263,143264],{"id":143262},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143265,41289],{},[20,143267,30525,143268,114],{},[15,143269,41289],{},[20,143271,143272],{},"It is useful for:",[169,143274,143275,143280,143283,143286],{},[172,143276,143277,143278,3535],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143279,2603],{},[172,143281,143282],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[172,143284,143285],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[172,143287,143288],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143290,47999],{},[35,143292,143294],{"className":37,"code":143293,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143295,143296,143309,143325,143329],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143297,143298,143300,143302,143304,143307],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143299,7610],{"class":50},[44,143301,55],{"class":54},[44,143303,75],{"class":62},[44,143305,143306],{"class":66},"  sam  ",[44,143308,3007],{"class":62},[44,143310,143311,143314,143316,143319,143321,143323],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143312,143313],{"class":50},"clean_username ",[44,143315,55],{"class":54},[44,143317,143318],{"class":50}," username",[44,143320,114],{"class":58},[44,143322,8283],{"class":117},[44,143324,8292],{"class":58},[44,143326,143327],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143328,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,143330,143331,143333,143335,143338],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,143332,136],{"class":135},[44,143334,121],{"class":58},[44,143336,143337],{"class":117},"clean_username",[44,143339,100],{"class":58},[20,143341,247],{},[35,143343,143345],{"className":37,"code":143344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sam\n",[15,143346,143347],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143348,143349],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143350,143344],{"class":50},[20,143352,143353],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[35,143355,143357],{"className":37,"code":143356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143358,143359,143372,143376,143398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143360,143361,143363,143365,143367,143370],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143362,136204],{"class":50},[44,143364,55],{"class":54},[44,143366,75],{"class":62},[44,143368,143369],{"class":66}," yes  ",[44,143371,3007],{"class":62},[44,143373,143374],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143375,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,143377,143378,143380,143382,143384,143386,143388,143390,143392,143394,143396],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143379,806],{"class":805},[44,143381,136224],{"class":50},[44,143383,114],{"class":58},[44,143385,8283],{"class":117},[44,143387,7015],{"class":58},[44,143389,6056],{"class":54},[44,143391,75],{"class":62},[44,143393,8307],{"class":66},[44,143395,63],{"class":62},[44,143397,820],{"class":58},[44,143399,143400,143402,143404,143406,143409,143411],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,143401,825],{"class":135},[44,143403,121],{"class":58},[44,143405,63],{"class":62},[44,143407,143408],{"class":66},"Matched",[44,143410,63],{"class":62},[44,143412,100],{"class":58},[20,143414,247],{},[35,143416,143418],{"className":37,"code":143417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Matched\n",[15,143419,143420],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143421,143422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143423,143417],{"class":50},[20,143425,143426,143427,114],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[270,143428,143430],{"href":143429},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143432,143433],{},"Example with file-style text:",[35,143435,143437],{"className":37,"code":143436,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143438,143439,143455,143469],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143440,143441,143444,143446,143448,143451,143453],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143442,143443],{"class":50},"line ",[44,143445,55],{"class":54},[44,143447,75],{"class":62},[44,143449,143450],{"class":66},"Python basics",[44,143452,86768],{"class":34094},[44,143454,3007],{"class":62},[44,143456,143457,143459,143461,143463,143465,143467],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143458,136],{"class":135},[44,143460,121],{"class":58},[44,143462,41415],{"class":135},[44,143464,121],{"class":58},[44,143466,46],{"class":117},[44,143468,244],{"class":58},[44,143470,143471,143473,143475,143477,143479,143481,143483,143485],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143472,136],{"class":135},[44,143474,121],{"class":58},[44,143476,41415],{"class":135},[44,143478,121],{"class":58},[44,143480,46],{"class":117},[44,143482,114],{"class":58},[44,143484,8283],{"class":117},[44,143486,5938],{"class":58},[20,143488,247],{},[35,143490,143492],{"className":37,"code":143491,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143493,143494,143505],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143495,143496,143498,143500,143503],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143497,2948],{"class":42965},[44,143499,143450],{"class":42969},[44,143501,86768],{"class":143502},"sfi6f",[44,143504,29339],{"class":42965},[44,143506,143507,143509,143511],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143508,2948],{"class":42965},[44,143510,143450],{"class":42969},[44,143512,29339],{"class":42965},[20,143514,895,143515,143517,143518,114],{},[15,143516,122177],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143519,86768],{},[20,143521,143522,143523,114],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[270,143524,143525],{"href":87421},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[30,143527,143529],{"id":143528},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143531,143532,143533,114],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143534,143535],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143537,143538],{},"Python will:",[169,143540,143541,143544,143547],{},[172,143542,143543],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[172,143545,143546],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[172,143548,143549],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143551,189],{},[35,143553,143555],{"className":37,"code":143554,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143556,143557,143570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143558,143559,143561,143563,143565,143568],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143560,34329],{"class":50},[44,143562,55],{"class":54},[44,143564,75],{"class":62},[44,143566,143567],{"class":66},"??hello!!",[44,143569,3007],{"class":62},[44,143571,143572,143574,143576,143578,143580,143582,143584,143586,143588,143590],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143573,136],{"class":135},[44,143575,121],{"class":58},[44,143577,34350],{"class":117},[44,143579,114],{"class":58},[44,143581,8283],{"class":117},[44,143583,121],{"class":58},[44,143585,63],{"class":62},[44,143587,143230],{"class":66},[44,143589,63],{"class":62},[44,143591,244],{"class":58},[20,143593,247],{},[35,143595,143596],{"className":37,"code":138276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,143597,143598],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143599,143600],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143601,138276],{"class":50},[20,143603,51716],{},[35,143605,143607],{"className":37,"code":143606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143608,143609,143622],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143610,143611,143613,143615,143617,143620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143612,34329],{"class":50},[44,143614,55],{"class":54},[44,143616,75],{"class":62},[44,143618,143619],{"class":66},"abcHelloCba",[44,143621,3007],{"class":62},[44,143623,143624,143626,143628,143630,143632,143634,143636,143638,143640,143642],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143625,136],{"class":135},[44,143627,121],{"class":58},[44,143629,34350],{"class":117},[44,143631,114],{"class":58},[44,143633,8283],{"class":117},[44,143635,121],{"class":58},[44,143637,63],{"class":62},[44,143639,41196],{"class":66},[44,143641,63],{"class":62},[44,143643,244],{"class":58},[20,143645,247],{},[35,143647,143649],{"className":37,"code":143648,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HelloC\n",[15,143650,143651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143652,143653],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143654,143648],{"class":50},[20,143656,5883],{},[20,143658,143659,13702,143662,143664,143665,143667,143668,1134,143670,1841,143672,143674],{},[15,143660,143661],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[367,143663,881],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143666,41196],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143669,270],{},[15,143671,399],{},[15,143673,408],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143676,143677],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143679,143680,143681,6280],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[270,143682,143683],{"href":129542},[15,143684,124134],{},[30,143686,143688,10236,143690,10236,143693],{"id":143687},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143689,41289],{},[15,143691,143692],{},"lstrip()",[15,143694,143695],{},"rstrip()",[20,143697,143698],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[169,143700,143701,143706,143711],{},[172,143702,143703,143705],{},[15,143704,41289],{}," removes from both ends",[172,143707,143708,143710],{},[15,143709,143692],{}," removes from the left side only",[172,143712,143713,143715],{},[15,143714,143695],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143717,189],{},[35,143719,143721],{"className":37,"code":143720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143722,143723,143735,143739,143757,143776],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143724,143725,143727,143729,143731,143733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143726,34329],{"class":50},[44,143728,55],{"class":54},[44,143730,75],{"class":62},[44,143732,142968],{"class":66},[44,143734,3007],{"class":62},[44,143736,143737],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143738,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,143740,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749,143751,143753,143755],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143742,136],{"class":135},[44,143744,121],{"class":58},[44,143746,41415],{"class":135},[44,143748,121],{"class":58},[44,143750,34350],{"class":117},[44,143752,114],{"class":58},[44,143754,8283],{"class":117},[44,143756,5938],{"class":58},[44,143758,143759,143761,143763,143765,143767,143769,143771,143774],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,143760,136],{"class":135},[44,143762,121],{"class":58},[44,143764,41415],{"class":135},[44,143766,121],{"class":58},[44,143768,34350],{"class":117},[44,143770,114],{"class":58},[44,143772,143773],{"class":117},"lstrip",[44,143775,5938],{"class":58},[44,143777,143778,143780,143782,143784,143786,143788,143790,143793],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,143779,136],{"class":135},[44,143781,121],{"class":58},[44,143783,41415],{"class":135},[44,143785,121],{"class":58},[44,143787,34350],{"class":117},[44,143789,114],{"class":58},[44,143791,143792],{"class":117},"rstrip",[44,143794,5938],{"class":58},[20,143796,247],{},[35,143798,143800],{"className":37,"code":143799,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143801,143802,143810,143819],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143803,143804,143806,143808],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143805,2948],{"class":42965},[44,143807,3495],{"class":42969},[44,143809,29339],{"class":42965},[44,143811,143812,143814,143817],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143813,2948],{"class":42965},[44,143815,143816],{"class":42969},"hello  ",[44,143818,29339],{"class":42965},[44,143820,143821,143823,143826],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143822,2948],{"class":42965},[44,143824,143825],{"class":42969},"  hello",[44,143827,29339],{"class":42965},[20,143829,143830],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[30,143832,107974],{"id":107973},[20,143834,143835],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[169,143837,143838,143846,143856,143859],{},[172,143839,143840,143842,143843,143845],{},[15,143841,143661],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143844,41165],{}," once",[172,143847,143848,143849,1134,143851,1841,143853,143855],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143850,270],{},[15,143852,399],{},[15,143854,408],{}," from both ends",[172,143857,143858],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[172,143860,143861],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143863,189],{},[35,143865,143867],{"className":37,"code":143866,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143868,143869,143882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143870,143871,143873,143875,143877,143880],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143872,126046],{"class":50},[44,143874,55],{"class":54},[44,143876,75],{"class":62},[44,143878,143879],{"class":66},"txt_report.txt",[44,143881,3007],{"class":62},[44,143883,143884,143886,143888,143890,143892,143894,143896,143898,143900,143902],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143885,136],{"class":135},[44,143887,121],{"class":58},[44,143889,126064],{"class":117},[44,143891,114],{"class":58},[44,143893,8283],{"class":117},[44,143895,121],{"class":58},[44,143897,63],{"class":62},[44,143899,126099],{"class":66},[44,143901,63],{"class":62},[44,143903,244],{"class":58},[20,143905,247],{},[35,143907,143909],{"className":37,"code":143908,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"_report\n",[15,143910,143911],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143912,143913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143914,143908],{"class":50},[20,143916,143917,143918,1134,143920,1841,143922,143924],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143919,114],{},[15,143921,62918],{},[15,143923,1823],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143926,53289,143927,365,143930,143932],{},[15,143928,143929],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[367,143931,881],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143934,143935,143936,143940],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[270,143937,143938],{"href":129542},[15,143939,124134],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[30,143942,4609,143944],{"id":143943},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143945,41289],{},[20,143947,651,143948,143950],{},[15,143949,41289],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143952,36063],{},[169,143954,143955,143959,143961,143964],{},[172,143956,143277,143957,3535],{},[15,143958,2603],{},[172,143960,143282],{},[172,143962,143963],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[172,143965,143966],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143968,189],{},[35,143970,143972],{"className":37,"code":143971,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143973,143974,143988,143992,144005],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,143975,143976,143979,143981,143983,143986],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,143977,143978],{"class":50},"email ",[44,143980,55],{"class":54},[44,143982,75],{"class":62},[44,143984,143985],{"class":66},"  user@example.com  ",[44,143987,3007],{"class":62},[44,143989,143990],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,143991,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,143993,143994,143996,143999,144001,144003],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,143995,806],{"class":805},[44,143997,143998],{"class":50}," email",[44,144000,114],{"class":58},[44,144002,8283],{"class":117},[44,144004,21235],{"class":58},[44,144006,144007,144009,144011,144013,144016,144018],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144008,825],{"class":135},[44,144010,121],{"class":58},[44,144012,63],{"class":62},[44,144014,144015],{"class":66},"Email was entered",[44,144017,63],{"class":62},[44,144019,100],{"class":58},[20,144021,247],{},[35,144023,144025],{"className":37,"code":144024,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Email was entered\n",[15,144026,144027],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144028,144029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144030,144024],{"class":50},[20,144032,144033,144034,144036,144037,114],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144035,41289],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[270,144038,144039],{"href":123690},[15,144040,123693],{},[30,144042,1299],{"id":1298},[20,144044,83856],{},[169,144046,144047,144051,144056,144061],{},[172,144048,1312,144049,131181],{},[15,144050,41289],{},[172,144052,1312,144053,144055],{},[15,144054,41289],{}," to remove text from the middle",[172,144057,895,144058,144060],{},[15,144059,143929],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[172,144062,4353,144063,144066],{},[15,144064,144065],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144068,144069],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[35,144071,144073],{"className":37,"code":144072,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144074,144075,144089,144093,144103,144117,144131],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144076,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085,144087],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144078,34329],{"class":50},[44,144080,55],{"class":54},[44,144082,75],{"class":62},[44,144084,143825],{"class":66},[44,144086,86768],{"class":34094},[44,144088,3007],{"class":62},[44,144090,144091],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144092,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,144094,144095,144097,144099,144101],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144096,136],{"class":135},[44,144098,121],{"class":58},[44,144100,34350],{"class":117},[44,144102,100],{"class":58},[44,144104,144105,144107,144109,144111,144113,144115],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144106,136],{"class":135},[44,144108,121],{"class":58},[44,144110,41415],{"class":135},[44,144112,121],{"class":58},[44,144114,34350],{"class":117},[44,144116,244],{"class":58},[44,144118,144119,144121,144123,144125,144127,144129],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,144120,136],{"class":135},[44,144122,121],{"class":58},[44,144124,34350],{"class":117},[44,144126,114],{"class":58},[44,144128,8283],{"class":117},[44,144130,6843],{"class":58},[44,144132,144133,144135,144137,144139,144141,144143,144145,144147],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,144134,136],{"class":135},[44,144136,121],{"class":58},[44,144138,41415],{"class":135},[44,144140,121],{"class":58},[44,144142,34350],{"class":117},[44,144144,114],{"class":58},[44,144146,8283],{"class":117},[44,144148,5938],{"class":58},[20,144150,247],{},[35,144152,144154],{"className":37,"code":144153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144155,144156,144161,144165,144175,144179],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144157,144158],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144159,144160],{"class":50},"  hello\n",[44,144162,144163],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144164,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,144166,144167,144169,144171,144173],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144168,2948],{"class":42965},[44,144170,143825],{"class":42969},[44,144172,86768],{"class":143502},[44,144174,29339],{"class":42965},[44,144176,144177],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144178,138276],{"class":50},[44,144180,144181,144183,144185],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,144182,2948],{"class":42965},[44,144184,3495],{"class":42969},[44,144186,29339],{"class":42965},[20,144188,144189],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[35,144191,144193],{"className":37,"code":144192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144194,144195,144205,144219,144233,144251],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144196,144197,144199,144201,144203],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144198,136],{"class":135},[44,144200,121],{"class":58},[44,144202,34350],{"class":117},[44,144204,100],{"class":58},[44,144206,144207,144209,144211,144213,144215,144217],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144208,136],{"class":135},[44,144210,121],{"class":58},[44,144212,41415],{"class":135},[44,144214,121],{"class":58},[44,144216,34350],{"class":117},[44,144218,244],{"class":58},[44,144220,144221,144223,144225,144227,144229,144231],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144222,136],{"class":135},[44,144224,121],{"class":58},[44,144226,34350],{"class":117},[44,144228,114],{"class":58},[44,144230,8283],{"class":117},[44,144232,6843],{"class":58},[44,144234,144235,144237,144239,144241,144243,144245,144247,144249],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144236,136],{"class":135},[44,144238,121],{"class":58},[44,144240,41415],{"class":135},[44,144242,121],{"class":58},[44,144244,34350],{"class":117},[44,144246,114],{"class":58},[44,144248,8283],{"class":117},[44,144250,5938],{"class":58},[44,144252,144253,144255,144257,144259,144261,144263],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,144254,31793],{"class":135},[44,144256,121],{"class":58},[44,144258,3092],{"class":2546},[44,144260,114],{"class":58},[44,144262,8283],{"class":24390},[44,144264,100],{"class":58},[20,144266,144267,144269],{},[15,144268,122177],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[30,144271,1497],{"id":1496},[338,144273,12355,144275,144277],{"id":144274},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144276,41289],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144279,46003,144280,144282],{},[15,144281,41289],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[338,144284,12355,144286,124290],{"id":144285},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144287,41289],{},[20,144289,144290],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[338,144292,1501,144294,144296],{"id":144293},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144295,41289],{}," remove by default?",[20,144298,144299],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[338,144301,33846,144303,33849,144305,1547],{"id":144302},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144304,41289],{},[15,144306,124134],{},[20,144308,144309,144311,144312,144314],{},[15,144310,41289],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144313,124134],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[338,144316,144318],{"id":144317},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144320,127836,144321,144323,144324,144326],{},[15,144322,143692],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144325,143695],{}," for the right side.",[30,144328,1554],{"id":1553},[169,144330,144331,144337,144343,144348,144353],{},[172,144332,144333],{},[270,144334,125963,144335,1180],{"href":123690},[15,144336,123693],{},[172,144338,144339],{},[270,144340,125963,144341,1180],{"href":129542},[15,144342,124134],{},[172,144344,144345],{},[270,144346,144347],{"href":143429},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[172,144349,144350],{},[270,144351,144352],{"href":87421},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[172,144354,144355],{},[270,144356,124718],{"href":50611},[1583,144358,144359],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":144361},[144362,144363,144365,144369,144371,144372,144374,144375,144377,144378,144389],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":143014,"depth":103,"text":144364},"What strip() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":144366},[144367,144368],{"id":143137,"depth":132,"text":143129},{"id":143188,"depth":132,"text":143134},{"id":143262,"depth":103,"text":144370},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143528,"depth":103,"text":143529},{"id":143687,"depth":103,"text":144373},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107973,"depth":103,"text":107974},{"id":143943,"depth":103,"text":144376},"When to use strip()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":144379},[144380,144382,144384,144386,144388],{"id":144274,"depth":132,"text":144381},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144285,"depth":132,"text":144383},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144293,"depth":132,"text":144385},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144302,"depth":132,"text":144387},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144317,"depth":132,"text":144318},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142935,"description":144390},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144397,"title":144398,"body":144399,"description":145579,"extension":1616,"meta":145580,"navigation":434,"path":145581,"seo":145582,"stem":145583,"__hash__":145584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144400,"toc":145549},[144401,144406,144411,144416,144418,144464,144472,144477,144491,144497,144499,144501,144516,144518,144528,144531,144562,144565,144588,144590,144593,144650,144652,144666,144668,144682,144688,144693,144696,144737,144739,144748,144756,144759,144804,144806,144815,144818,144822,144827,144841,144843,144875,144877,144897,144900,144905,144910,144912,144923,144926,144983,144985,144993,145002,145004,145006,145012,145014,145051,145053,145061,145063,145104,145106,145115,145120,145125,145127,145154,145161,145164,145195,145197,145206,145212,145221,145252,145254,145266,145279,145283,145288,145318,145320,145387,145389,145399,145401,145406,145409,145414,145419,145423,145429,145435,145438,145440,145498,145500,145508,145510,145546],[10,144402,122963,144404,18],{"id":144403},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144405,127841],{},[20,144407,122968,144408,144410],{},[15,144409,127841],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144412,84232,144413,144415],{},[15,144414,127841],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[30,144417,33],{"id":32},[35,144419,144421],{"className":37,"code":144420,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144422,144423,144435,144449,144459],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144424,144425,144427,144429,144431,144433],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144426,34329],{"class":50},[44,144428,55],{"class":54},[44,144430,75],{"class":62},[44,144432,128681],{"class":66},[44,144434,3007],{"class":62},[44,144436,144437,144439,144441,144443,144445,144447],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144438,604],{"class":50},[44,144440,55],{"class":54},[44,144442,42478],{"class":50},[44,144444,114],{"class":58},[44,144446,34119],{"class":117},[44,144448,8292],{"class":58},[44,144450,144451,144453,144455,144457],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144452,136],{"class":135},[44,144454,121],{"class":58},[44,144456,632],{"class":117},[44,144458,100],{"class":58},[44,144460,144461],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144462,144463],{"class":147},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144465,144466,144468,144469,144471],{},[15,144467,127841],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[367,144470,881],{}," change the original string in place.",[30,144473,158,144475,161],{"id":144474},"what-upper-does",[15,144476,127841],{},[169,144478,144479,144484,144487,144489],{},[172,144480,144481,144483],{},[15,144482,127841],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[172,144485,144486],{},"It works on string values only",[172,144488,133209],{},[172,144490,135927],{},[20,144492,124715,144493,2522,144495,114],{},[270,144494,135933],{"href":135932},[270,144496,124718],{"href":50611},[30,144498,277],{"id":276},[20,144500,1809],{},[35,144502,144504],{"className":37,"code":144503,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"string.upper()\n",[15,144505,144506],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144507,144508,144510,144512,144514],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144509,60805],{"class":50},[44,144511,114],{"class":58},[44,144513,34119],{"class":117},[44,144515,8292],{"class":58},[20,144517,11107],{},[169,144519,144520,144522,144525],{},[172,144521,97142],{},[172,144523,144524],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[172,144526,144527],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144529,144530],{},"Example with a variable:",[35,144532,144534],{"className":37,"code":144533,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144535,144536,144548],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144537,144538,144540,144542,144544,144546],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144539,7525],{"class":50},[44,144541,55],{"class":54},[44,144543,75],{"class":62},[44,144545,39],{"class":66},[44,144547,3007],{"class":62},[44,144549,144550,144552,144554,144556,144558,144560],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144551,136],{"class":135},[44,144553,121],{"class":58},[44,144555,7318],{"class":117},[44,144557,114],{"class":58},[44,144559,34119],{"class":117},[44,144561,6843],{"class":58},[20,144563,144564],{},"Example with a string literal:",[35,144566,144568],{"className":37,"code":144567,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144569,144570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582,144584,144586],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144573,136],{"class":135},[44,144575,121],{"class":58},[44,144577,63],{"class":62},[44,144579,3495],{"class":66},[44,144581,63],{"class":62},[44,144583,114],{"class":58},[44,144585,34119],{"class":117},[44,144587,6843],{"class":58},[30,144589,11124],{"id":11123},[20,144591,144592],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[35,144594,144596],{"className":37,"code":144595,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144597,144598,144610,144625,144629,144639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144599,144600,144602,144604,144606,144608],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144601,5802],{"class":50},[44,144603,55],{"class":54},[44,144605,75],{"class":62},[44,144607,1218],{"class":66},[44,144609,3007],{"class":62},[44,144611,144612,144615,144617,144619,144621,144623],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144613,144614],{"class":50},"uppercase_word ",[44,144616,55],{"class":54},[44,144618,38018],{"class":50},[44,144620,114],{"class":58},[44,144622,34119],{"class":117},[44,144624,8292],{"class":58},[44,144626,144627],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144628,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,144630,144631,144633,144635,144637],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144632,136],{"class":135},[44,144634,121],{"class":58},[44,144636,38028],{"class":117},[44,144638,100],{"class":58},[44,144640,144641,144643,144645,144648],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,144642,136],{"class":135},[44,144644,121],{"class":58},[44,144646,144647],{"class":117},"uppercase_word",[44,144649,100],{"class":58},[20,144651,247],{},[35,144653,144655],{"className":37,"code":144654,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144656,144657,144661],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144658,144659],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144660,70023],{"class":50},[44,144662,144663],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144664,144665],{"class":34094},"BANANA\n",[20,144667,112077],{},[169,144669,144670,144675],{},[172,144671,144672,144674],{},[15,144673,38028],{}," keeps its original value",[172,144676,144677,144679,144680],{},[15,144678,144647],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144681,127841],{},[30,144683,144685,144687],{"id":144684},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144686,127841],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144689,136593,144690,144692],{},[367,144691,136596],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144694,144695],{},"So this method:",[35,144697,144699],{"className":37,"code":144698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144700,144701,144713,144723,144727],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144702,144703,144705,144707,144709,144711],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144704,7525],{"class":50},[44,144706,55],{"class":54},[44,144708,75],{"class":62},[44,144710,17446],{"class":66},[44,144712,3007],{"class":62},[44,144714,144715,144717,144719,144721],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144716,7318],{"class":50},[44,144718,114],{"class":58},[44,144720,34119],{"class":117},[44,144722,8292],{"class":58},[44,144724,144725],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144726,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,144728,144729,144731,144733,144735],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144730,136],{"class":135},[44,144732,121],{"class":58},[44,144734,7318],{"class":117},[44,144736,100],{"class":58},[20,144738,247],{},[35,144740,144742],{"className":37,"code":144741,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"alice\n",[15,144743,144744],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144745,144746],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144747,144741],{"class":50},[20,144749,259,144750,144752,144753,144755],{},[15,144751,127841],{}," was called, ",[15,144754,7318],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144757,144758],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[35,144760,144762],{"className":37,"code":144761,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144763,144764,144776,144790,144794],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144765,144766,144768,144770,144772,144774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144767,7525],{"class":50},[44,144769,55],{"class":54},[44,144771,75],{"class":62},[44,144773,17446],{"class":66},[44,144775,3007],{"class":62},[44,144777,144778,144780,144782,144784,144786,144788],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144779,7525],{"class":50},[44,144781,55],{"class":54},[44,144783,35634],{"class":50},[44,144785,114],{"class":58},[44,144787,34119],{"class":117},[44,144789,8292],{"class":58},[44,144791,144792],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144793,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,144795,144796,144798,144800,144802],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144797,136],{"class":135},[44,144799,121],{"class":58},[44,144801,7318],{"class":117},[44,144803,100],{"class":58},[20,144805,247],{},[35,144807,144809],{"className":37,"code":144808,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ALICE\n",[15,144810,144811],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144812,144813],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144814,144808],{"class":34094},[20,144816,144817],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[30,144819,144821],{"id":144820},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144823,144824,144826],{},[15,144825,127841],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[169,144828,144829,144832,144835,144838],{},[172,144830,144831],{},"Numbers stay the same",[172,144833,144834],{},"Spaces stay the same",[172,144836,144837],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[172,144839,144840],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144842,189],{},[35,144844,144846],{"className":37,"code":144845,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144847,144848,144861],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144849,144850,144852,144854,144856,144859],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144851,34329],{"class":50},[44,144853,55],{"class":54},[44,144855,75],{"class":62},[44,144857,144858],{"class":66},"Room 7, table #3!",[44,144860,3007],{"class":62},[44,144862,144863,144865,144867,144869,144871,144873],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144864,136],{"class":135},[44,144866,121],{"class":58},[44,144868,34350],{"class":117},[44,144870,114],{"class":58},[44,144872,34119],{"class":117},[44,144874,6843],{"class":58},[20,144876,247],{},[35,144878,144880],{"className":37,"code":144879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144881,144882],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144883,144884,144887,144889,144891,144894],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144885,144886],{"class":34094},"ROOM",[44,144888,5642],{"class":206},[44,144890,72],{"class":58},[44,144892,144893],{"class":34094}," TABLE",[44,144895,144896],{"class":147}," #3!\n",[20,144898,144899],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[30,144901,4609,144903],{"id":144902},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144904,127841],{},[20,144906,144907,144909],{},[15,144908,127841],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144911,47977],{},[169,144913,144914,144917,144920],{},[172,144915,144916],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[172,144918,144919],{},"Format labels or headings",[172,144921,144922],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144924,144925],{},"Example: simple comparison",[35,144927,144929],{"className":37,"code":144928,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144930,144931,144943,144947,144969],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144932,144933,144935,144937,144939,144941],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144934,136204],{"class":50},[44,144936,55],{"class":54},[44,144938,75],{"class":62},[44,144940,8307],{"class":66},[44,144942,3007],{"class":62},[44,144944,144945],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,144946,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,144948,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959,144961,144963,144965,144967],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,144950,806],{"class":805},[44,144952,136224],{"class":50},[44,144954,114],{"class":58},[44,144956,34119],{"class":117},[44,144958,7015],{"class":58},[44,144960,6056],{"class":54},[44,144962,75],{"class":62},[44,144964,136211],{"class":66},[44,144966,63],{"class":62},[44,144968,820],{"class":58},[44,144970,144971,144973,144975,144977,144979,144981],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,144972,825],{"class":135},[44,144974,121],{"class":58},[44,144976,63],{"class":62},[44,144978,143408],{"class":66},[44,144980,63],{"class":62},[44,144982,100],{"class":58},[20,144984,247],{},[35,144986,144987],{"className":37,"code":143417,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,144988,144989],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,144990,144991],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,144992,143417],{"class":50},[20,144994,144995,144996,1134,144998,1841,145000,114],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144997,8307],{},[15,144999,136997],{},[15,145001,136211],{},[30,145003,1299],{"id":1298},[338,145005,95503],{"id":95502},[20,145007,7765,145008,145011],{},[15,145009,145010],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145013,16291],{},[35,145015,145017],{"className":37,"code":145016,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145018,145019,145031,145041],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145020,145021,145023,145025,145027,145029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145022,34329],{"class":50},[44,145024,55],{"class":54},[44,145026,75],{"class":62},[44,145028,3495],{"class":66},[44,145030,3007],{"class":62},[44,145032,145033,145035,145037,145039],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145034,34350],{"class":50},[44,145036,114],{"class":58},[44,145038,34119],{"class":117},[44,145040,8292],{"class":58},[44,145042,145043,145045,145047,145049],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145044,136],{"class":135},[44,145046,121],{"class":58},[44,145048,34350],{"class":117},[44,145050,100],{"class":58},[20,145052,247],{},[35,145054,145055],{"className":37,"code":138276,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145056,145057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145058,145059],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145060,138276],{"class":50},[20,145062,16303],{},[35,145064,145066],{"className":37,"code":145065,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145067,145068,145080,145094],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145069,145070,145072,145074,145076,145078],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145071,34329],{"class":50},[44,145073,55],{"class":54},[44,145075,75],{"class":62},[44,145077,3495],{"class":66},[44,145079,3007],{"class":62},[44,145081,145082,145084,145086,145088,145090,145092],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145083,34329],{"class":50},[44,145085,55],{"class":54},[44,145087,42478],{"class":50},[44,145089,114],{"class":58},[44,145091,34119],{"class":117},[44,145093,8292],{"class":58},[44,145095,145096,145098,145100,145102],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145097,136],{"class":135},[44,145099,121],{"class":58},[44,145101,34350],{"class":117},[44,145103,100],{"class":58},[20,145105,247],{},[35,145107,145109],{"className":37,"code":145108,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO\n",[15,145110,145111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145112,145113],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145114,145108],{"class":34094},[338,145116,18550,145118,136883],{"id":145117},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145119,127841],{},[20,145121,145122,145124],{},[15,145123,127841],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145126,189],{},[35,145128,145130],{"className":37,"code":145129,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145131,145132,145140],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145133,145134,145136,145138],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145135,1865],{"class":50},[44,145137,55],{"class":54},[44,145139,124645],{"class":206},[44,145141,145142,145144,145146,145148,145150,145152],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145143,136],{"class":135},[44,145145,121],{"class":58},[44,145147,1887],{"class":117},[44,145149,114],{"class":58},[44,145151,34119],{"class":117},[44,145153,6843],{"class":58},[20,145155,752,145156,145158,145159,33241],{},[15,145157,1837],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145160,127841],{},[20,145162,145163],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[35,145165,145167],{"className":37,"code":145166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145168,145169,145177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145170,145171,145173,145175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145172,1865],{"class":50},[44,145174,55],{"class":54},[44,145176,124645],{"class":206},[44,145178,145179,145181,145183,145185,145187,145189,145191,145193],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145180,136],{"class":135},[44,145182,121],{"class":58},[44,145184,3092],{"class":2546},[44,145186,121],{"class":58},[44,145188,1887],{"class":117},[44,145190,8280],{"class":58},[44,145192,34119],{"class":117},[44,145194,6843],{"class":58},[20,145196,247],{},[35,145198,145200],{"className":37,"code":145199,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"123\n",[15,145201,145202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145203,145204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145205,145199],{"class":206},[338,145207,1330,145209,145211],{"id":145208},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145210,127841],{}," with title case",[20,145213,145214,145216,145217,145220],{},[15,145215,127841],{}," makes ",[367,145218,145219],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[35,145222,145224],{"className":37,"code":145223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145225,145226,145238],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145227,145228,145230,145232,145234,145236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145229,34329],{"class":50},[44,145231,55],{"class":54},[44,145233,75],{"class":62},[44,145235,60039],{"class":66},[44,145237,3007],{"class":62},[44,145239,145240,145242,145244,145246,145248,145250],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145241,136],{"class":135},[44,145243,121],{"class":58},[44,145245,34350],{"class":117},[44,145247,114],{"class":58},[44,145249,34119],{"class":117},[44,145251,6843],{"class":58},[20,145253,247],{},[35,145255,145257],{"className":37,"code":145256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145258,145259],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145260,145261,145263],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145262,135985],{"class":34094},[44,145264,145265],{"class":34094}," WORLD\n",[20,145267,145268,145269,145273,145274,145278],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[270,145270,145271],{"href":123690},[15,145272,123693],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[270,145275,145276],{"href":129542},[15,145277,124134],{}," changes parts of a string.",[30,145280,145282],{"id":145281},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145284,145285,145286,1155],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145287,127841],{},[169,145289,145290,145297,145304,145311],{},[172,145291,145292,145296],{},[270,145293,145294],{"href":123690},[15,145295,123693],{}," for lowercase text",[172,145298,145299,145303],{},[270,145300,145301],{"href":136531},[15,145302,41289],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[172,145305,145306,145310],{},[270,145307,145308],{"href":129542},[15,145309,124134],{}," for changing parts of a string",[172,145312,145313,898,145315,145317],{},[15,145314,127331],{},[15,145316,126021],{}," for checks",[20,145319,189],{},[35,145321,145323],{"className":37,"code":145322,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145324,145325,145337,145341,145356,145372,145376],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145326,145327,145329,145331,145333,145335],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145328,34329],{"class":50},[44,145330,55],{"class":54},[44,145332,75],{"class":62},[44,145334,143059],{"class":66},[44,145336,3007],{"class":62},[44,145338,145339],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145340,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,145342,145343,145346,145348,145350,145352,145354],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145344,145345],{"class":50},"cleaned ",[44,145347,55],{"class":54},[44,145349,42478],{"class":50},[44,145351,114],{"class":58},[44,145353,8283],{"class":117},[44,145355,8292],{"class":58},[44,145357,145358,145361,145363,145366,145368,145370],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,145359,145360],{"class":50},"loud ",[44,145362,55],{"class":54},[44,145364,145365],{"class":50}," cleaned",[44,145367,114],{"class":58},[44,145369,34119],{"class":117},[44,145371,8292],{"class":58},[44,145373,145374],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,145375,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,145377,145378,145380,145382,145385],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,145379,136],{"class":135},[44,145381,121],{"class":58},[44,145383,145384],{"class":117},"loud",[44,145386,100],{"class":58},[20,145388,247],{},[35,145390,145391],{"className":37,"code":145256,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145392,145393],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145394,145395,145397],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145396,135985],{"class":34094},[44,145398,145265],{"class":34094},[30,145400,1497],{"id":1496},[338,145402,12355,145404,124290],{"id":145403},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145405,127841],{},[20,145407,145408],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[338,145410,12355,145412,137265],{"id":145411},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145413,127841],{},[20,145415,145416,145417,114],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145418,145010],{},[338,145420,145422],{"id":145421},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145424,145425,145426,145428],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145427,127841],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[338,145430,27967,145432,145434],{"id":145431},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145433,127841],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145436,145437],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145439,189],{},[35,145441,145443],{"className":37,"code":145442,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145444,145445,145457,145470,145474],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145446,145447,145449,145451,145453,145455],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145448,2198],{"class":50},[44,145450,55],{"class":54},[44,145452,75],{"class":62},[44,145454,39],{"class":66},[44,145456,3007],{"class":62},[44,145458,145459,145461,145463,145465,145468],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145460,2226],{"class":50},[44,145462,55],{"class":54},[44,145464,75],{"class":62},[44,145466,145467],{"class":66},"PYTHON",[44,145469,3007],{"class":62},[44,145471,145472],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145473,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,145475,145476,145478,145480,145482,145484,145486,145488,145490,145492,145494,145496],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,145477,136],{"class":135},[44,145479,121],{"class":58},[44,145481,270],{"class":117},[44,145483,114],{"class":58},[44,145485,34119],{"class":117},[44,145487,7015],{"class":58},[44,145489,6056],{"class":54},[44,145491,2203],{"class":117},[44,145493,114],{"class":58},[44,145495,34119],{"class":117},[44,145497,6843],{"class":58},[20,145499,247],{},[35,145501,145502],{"className":37,"code":3629,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145503,145504],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145505,145506],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145507,3629],{"class":3502},[30,145509,1554],{"id":1553},[169,145511,145512,145516,145522,145528,145534,145538,145542],{},[172,145513,145514],{},[270,145515,124718],{"href":50611},[172,145517,145518],{},[270,145519,125963,145520,1180],{"href":123690},[15,145521,123693],{},[172,145523,145524],{},[270,145525,125963,145526,1180],{"href":136531},[15,145527,41289],{},[172,145529,145530],{},[270,145531,125963,145532,1180],{"href":129542},[15,145533,124134],{},[172,145535,145536],{},[270,145537,90298],{"href":89307},[172,145539,145540],{},[270,145541,124362],{"href":123218},[172,145543,145544],{},[270,145545,137351],{"href":135932},[1583,145547,145548],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":145550},[145551,145552,145554,145555,145556,145558,145559,145561,145568,145569,145578],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":144474,"depth":103,"text":145553},"What upper() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":144684,"depth":103,"text":145557},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144820,"depth":103,"text":144821},{"id":144902,"depth":103,"text":145560},"When to use upper()",{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":145562},[145563,145564,145566],{"id":95502,"depth":132,"text":95503},{"id":145117,"depth":132,"text":145565},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145208,"depth":132,"text":145567},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145281,"depth":103,"text":145282},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":145570},[145571,145573,145575,145576],{"id":145403,"depth":132,"text":145572},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145411,"depth":132,"text":145574},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145421,"depth":132,"text":145422},{"id":145431,"depth":132,"text":145577},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144398,"description":145579},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145586,"title":145587,"body":145588,"description":147465,"extension":1616,"meta":147466,"navigation":434,"path":147467,"seo":147468,"stem":147469,"__hash__":147470},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145589,"toc":147415},[145590,145596,145603,145609,145611,145667,145672,145677,145682,145685,145704,145707,145709,145733,145751,145762,145764,145767,145820,145822,145830,145832,145850,145855,145858,145915,145917,145926,145929,145949,145952,145958,145963,145965,146008,146010,146018,146021,146062,146064,146073,146079,146085,146112,146114,146122,146127,146131,146143,146186,146188,146196,146201,146207,146212,146216,146218,146261,146264,146311,146313,146322,146329,146333,146336,146382,146387,146391,146393,146436,146439,146447,146449,146454,146456,146458,146477,146480,146492,146494,146513,146515,146523,146527,146529,146580,146583,146658,146660,146668,146671,146675,146677,146724,146727,146798,146800,146808,146814,146816,146891,146895,146974,146976,146984,146990,146996,147001,147006,147055,147059,147130,147133,147138,147149,147152,147163,147173,147175,147180,147205,147210,147291,147293,147318,147320,147325,147328,147334,147343,147349,147352,147358,147364,147371,147374,147376,147412],[10,145591,3225,145593,3229],{"id":145592},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145594,145595],{},"sum()",[20,145597,8773,145598,145600,145601,24404],{},[15,145599,145595],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145602,59631],{},[20,145604,145605,145606,145608],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145607,353],{}," value and a few important limits.",[30,145610,33],{"id":32},[35,145612,145614],{"className":37,"code":145613,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145615,145616,145640,145655],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145617,145618,145620,145622,145624,145626,145628,145630,145632,145634,145636,145638],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145619,199],{"class":50},[44,145621,55],{"class":54},[44,145623,3273],{"class":58},[44,145625,1133],{"class":206},[44,145627,72],{"class":58},[44,145629,488],{"class":206},[44,145631,72],{"class":58},[44,145633,524],{"class":206},[44,145635,72],{"class":58},[44,145637,1114],{"class":206},[44,145639,3286],{"class":58},[44,145641,145642,145644,145646,145649,145651,145653],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145643,40819],{"class":50},[44,145645,55],{"class":54},[44,145647,145648],{"class":135}," sum",[44,145650,121],{"class":58},[44,145652,232],{"class":117},[44,145654,100],{"class":58},[44,145656,145657,145659,145661,145663,145665],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145658,136],{"class":135},[44,145660,121],{"class":58},[44,145662,40848],{"class":117},[44,145664,144],{"class":58},[44,145666,26435],{"class":147},[20,145668,651,145669,145671],{},[15,145670,145595],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[30,145673,158,145675,161],{"id":145674},"what-sum-does",[15,145676,145595],{},[20,145678,145679,145681],{},[15,145680,145595],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145683,145684],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[169,145686,145687,145690,145693,145698],{},[172,145688,145689],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[172,145691,145692],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[172,145694,145695,145696],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145697,35837],{},[172,145699,145700,145701,145703],{},"Counting ",[15,145702,3254],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145705,145706],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[30,145708,277],{"id":276},[35,145710,145712],{"className":37,"code":145711,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145713,145714],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145715,145716,145719,145721,145723,145725,145727,145729,145731],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145717,145718],{"class":135},"sum",[44,145720,121],{"class":58},[44,145722,3370],{"class":117},[44,145724,72],{"class":58},[44,145726,329],{"class":8826},[44,145728,55],{"class":54},[44,145730,186],{"class":206},[44,145732,100],{"class":58},[169,145734,145735,145740,145745],{},[172,145736,145737,145739],{},[15,145738,3370],{}," is the group of values to add",[172,145741,145742,145744],{},[15,145743,353],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[172,145746,145747,145748],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145749,145750],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145752,145753,145754,145757,145758,114],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145755,145756,3370],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[270,145759,145760,24257],{"href":35834},[15,145761,35837],{},[30,145763,11124],{"id":11123},[20,145765,145766],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[35,145768,145770],{"className":37,"code":145769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145771,145772,145792,145806,145810],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145773,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788,145790],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145775,199],{"class":50},[44,145777,55],{"class":54},[44,145779,3273],{"class":58},[44,145781,929],{"class":206},[44,145783,72],{"class":58},[44,145785,934],{"class":206},[44,145787,72],{"class":58},[44,145789,37573],{"class":206},[44,145791,3286],{"class":58},[44,145793,145794,145796,145798,145800,145802,145804],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145795,40819],{"class":50},[44,145797,55],{"class":54},[44,145799,145648],{"class":135},[44,145801,121],{"class":58},[44,145803,232],{"class":117},[44,145805,100],{"class":58},[44,145807,145808],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145809,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,145811,145812,145814,145816,145818],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,145813,136],{"class":135},[44,145815,121],{"class":58},[44,145817,40848],{"class":117},[44,145819,100],{"class":58},[20,145821,247],{},[35,145823,145824],{"className":37,"code":69457,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,145825,145826],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145827,145828],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145829,69457],{"class":206},[20,145831,11333],{},[169,145833,145834,145839,145845],{},[172,145835,145836,145838],{},[15,145837,232],{}," contains three integers",[172,145840,145841,145844],{},[15,145842,145843],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[172,145846,145847,145848],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145849,40848],{},[30,145851,36250,145853,8082],{"id":145852},"using-the-start-value",[15,145854,353],{},[20,145856,145857],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[35,145859,145861],{"className":37,"code":145860,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145862,145863,145883,145901,145905],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145864,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877,145879,145881],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145866,199],{"class":50},[44,145868,55],{"class":54},[44,145870,3273],{"class":58},[44,145872,1133],{"class":206},[44,145874,72],{"class":58},[44,145876,488],{"class":206},[44,145878,72],{"class":58},[44,145880,524],{"class":206},[44,145882,3286],{"class":58},[44,145884,145885,145887,145889,145891,145893,145895,145897,145899],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145886,40819],{"class":50},[44,145888,55],{"class":54},[44,145890,145648],{"class":135},[44,145892,121],{"class":58},[44,145894,232],{"class":117},[44,145896,72],{"class":58},[44,145898,934],{"class":206},[44,145900,100],{"class":58},[44,145902,145903],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,145904,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,145906,145907,145909,145911,145913],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,145908,136],{"class":135},[44,145910,121],{"class":58},[44,145912,40848],{"class":117},[44,145914,100],{"class":58},[20,145916,247],{},[35,145918,145920],{"className":37,"code":145919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"16\n",[15,145921,145922],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145923,145924],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145925,145919],{"class":206},[20,145927,145928],{},"This works like:",[169,145930,145931,145936,145941,145945],{},[172,145932,145933,145934],{},"Start at ",[15,145935,207],{},[172,145937,145938,145939],{},"Add ",[15,145940,1133],{},[172,145942,145938,145943],{},[15,145944,1137],{},[172,145946,145938,145947],{},[15,145948,1141],{},[20,145950,145951],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[30,145953,158,145955,145957],{"id":145954},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145956,145595],{}," can work with",[20,145959,145960,145962],{},[15,145961,145595],{}," works with numeric values.",[338,145964,40062],{"id":40061},[35,145966,145968],{"className":37,"code":145967,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145969,145970,145994],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,145971,145972,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984,145986,145988,145990,145992],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,145973,922],{"class":50},[44,145975,55],{"class":54},[44,145977,3273],{"class":58},[44,145979,1133],{"class":206},[44,145981,72],{"class":58},[44,145983,488],{"class":206},[44,145985,72],{"class":58},[44,145987,524],{"class":206},[44,145989,72],{"class":58},[44,145991,1114],{"class":206},[44,145993,3286],{"class":58},[44,145995,145996,145998,146000,146002,146004,146006],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,145997,136],{"class":135},[44,145999,121],{"class":58},[44,146001,145718],{"class":135},[44,146003,121],{"class":58},[44,146005,962],{"class":117},[44,146007,244],{"class":58},[20,146009,247],{},[35,146011,146012],{"className":37,"code":2023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146013,146014],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146015,146016],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146017,2023],{"class":206},[338,146019,146020],{"id":51682},"Floats",[35,146022,146024],{"className":37,"code":146023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146025,146026,146048],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146027,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038,146041,146043,146046],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146029,82664],{"class":50},[44,146031,55],{"class":54},[44,146033,3273],{"class":58},[44,146035,40795],{"class":206},[44,146037,72],{"class":58},[44,146039,146040],{"class":206}," 3.75",[44,146042,72],{"class":58},[44,146044,146045],{"class":206}," 1.25",[44,146047,3286],{"class":58},[44,146049,146050,146052,146054,146056,146058,146060],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146051,136],{"class":135},[44,146053,121],{"class":58},[44,146055,145718],{"class":135},[44,146057,121],{"class":58},[44,146059,82700],{"class":117},[44,146061,244],{"class":58},[20,146063,247],{},[35,146065,146067],{"className":37,"code":146066,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"7.5\n",[15,146068,146069],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146070,146071],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146072,146066],{"class":206},[20,146074,146075,146076,114],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[270,146077,146078],{"href":2066},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[338,146080,146082,146083],{"id":146081},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146084,35837],{},[35,146086,146088],{"className":37,"code":146087,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146089,146090],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146091,146092,146094,146096,146098,146100,146102,146104,146106,146108,146110],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146093,136],{"class":135},[44,146095,121],{"class":58},[44,146097,145718],{"class":135},[44,146099,121],{"class":58},[44,146101,59631],{"class":135},[44,146103,121],{"class":58},[44,146105,1133],{"class":206},[44,146107,72],{"class":58},[44,146109,37280],{"class":206},[44,146111,2557],{"class":58},[20,146113,247],{},[35,146115,146116],{"className":37,"code":46678,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146117,146118],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146119,146120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146121,46678],{"class":206},[20,146123,113167,146124,114],{},[15,146125,146126],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[338,146128,146130],{"id":146129},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146132,146133,146134,146136,146137,898,146139,146136,146141,114],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146135,3254],{}," acts like ",[15,146138,1133],{},[15,146140,3324],{},[15,146142,186],{},[35,146144,146146],{"className":37,"code":146145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146147,146148,146172],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146149,146150,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162,146164,146166,146168,146170],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146151,51602],{"class":50},[44,146153,55],{"class":54},[44,146155,3273],{"class":58},[44,146157,3254],{"class":3502},[44,146159,72],{"class":58},[44,146161,3556],{"class":3502},[44,146163,72],{"class":58},[44,146165,3565],{"class":3502},[44,146167,72],{"class":58},[44,146169,3565],{"class":3502},[44,146171,3286],{"class":58},[44,146173,146174,146176,146178,146180,146182,146184],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146175,136],{"class":135},[44,146177,121],{"class":58},[44,146179,145718],{"class":135},[44,146181,121],{"class":58},[44,146183,51655],{"class":117},[44,146185,244],{"class":58},[20,146187,247],{},[35,146189,146190],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146191,146192],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146193,146194],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146195,46255],{"class":206},[20,146197,146198,146199,114],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146200,3254],{},[30,146202,158,146204,146206],{"id":146203},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146205,145595],{}," does not work with",[20,146208,146209,146211],{},[15,146210,145595],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[338,146213,146215],{"id":146214},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146217,2480],{},[35,146219,146221],{"className":37,"code":146220,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146222,146223,146247],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146224,146225,146227,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237,146239,146241,146243,146245],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146226,3720],{"class":50},[44,146228,55],{"class":54},[44,146230,3273],{"class":58},[44,146232,63],{"class":62},[44,146234,3495],{"class":66},[44,146236,63],{"class":62},[44,146238,72],{"class":58},[44,146240,75],{"class":62},[44,146242,60224],{"class":66},[44,146244,63],{"class":62},[44,146246,3286],{"class":58},[44,146248,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146250,136],{"class":135},[44,146252,121],{"class":58},[44,146254,145718],{"class":135},[44,146256,121],{"class":58},[44,146258,3762],{"class":117},[44,146260,244],{"class":58},[20,146262,146263],{},"Use string joining instead:",[35,146265,146267],{"className":37,"code":146266,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146268,146269,146293],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146270,146271,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287,146289,146291],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146272,3720],{"class":50},[44,146274,55],{"class":54},[44,146276,3273],{"class":58},[44,146278,63],{"class":62},[44,146280,3495],{"class":66},[44,146282,63],{"class":62},[44,146284,72],{"class":58},[44,146286,75],{"class":62},[44,146288,60224],{"class":66},[44,146290,63],{"class":62},[44,146292,3286],{"class":58},[44,146294,146295,146297,146299,146301,146303,146305,146307,146309],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146296,136],{"class":135},[44,146298,121],{"class":58},[44,146300,5920],{"class":62},[44,146302,114],{"class":58},[44,146304,133120],{"class":117},[44,146306,121],{"class":58},[44,146308,3762],{"class":117},[44,146310,244],{"class":58},[20,146312,247],{},[35,146314,146316],{"className":37,"code":146315,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"helloworld\n",[15,146317,146318],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146319,146320],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146321,146315],{"class":50},[20,146323,146324,146325,114],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[270,146326,146327,5431],{"href":41811},[15,146328,47321],{},[338,146330,146332],{"id":146331},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146334,146335],{},"This also causes an error:",[35,146337,146339],{"className":37,"code":146338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146340,146341,146368],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146342,146343,146346,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358,146360,146362,146364,146366],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146344,146345],{"class":50},"lists ",[44,146347,55],{"class":54},[44,146349,55930],{"class":58},[44,146351,1133],{"class":206},[44,146353,72],{"class":58},[44,146355,488],{"class":206},[44,146357,17705],{"class":58},[44,146359,3273],{"class":58},[44,146361,1141],{"class":206},[44,146363,72],{"class":58},[44,146365,1114],{"class":206},[44,146367,52878],{"class":58},[44,146369,146370,146372,146374,146376,146378,146380],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146371,136],{"class":135},[44,146373,121],{"class":58},[44,146375,145718],{"class":135},[44,146377,121],{"class":58},[44,146379,4949],{"class":117},[44,146381,244],{"class":58},[20,146383,146384,146386],{},[15,146385,145595],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[338,146388,146390],{"id":146389},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146392,5120],{},[35,146394,146396],{"className":37,"code":146395,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146397,146398,146422],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146399,146400,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412,146414,146416,146418,146420],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146401,922],{"class":50},[44,146403,55],{"class":54},[44,146405,3273],{"class":58},[44,146407,1133],{"class":206},[44,146409,72],{"class":58},[44,146411,488],{"class":206},[44,146413,72],{"class":58},[44,146415,75],{"class":62},[44,146417,1141],{"class":66},[44,146419,63],{"class":62},[44,146421,3286],{"class":58},[44,146423,146424,146426,146428,146430,146432,146434],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146425,136],{"class":135},[44,146427,121],{"class":58},[44,146429,145718],{"class":135},[44,146431,121],{"class":58},[44,146433,962],{"class":117},[44,146435,244],{"class":58},[20,146437,146438],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146440,146441,146442,146444,146445,114],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146443,65564],{},", convert them first. See ",[270,146446,2608],{"href":2607},[30,146448,41140],{"id":41139},[20,146450,146451,146452,114],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146453,145595],{},[338,146455,6173],{"id":6172},[20,146457,4175],{},[35,146459,146461],{"className":37,"code":146460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146462,146463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146464,146465,146467,146469,146471,146473,146475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146466,136],{"class":135},[44,146468,121],{"class":58},[44,146470,145718],{"class":135},[44,146472,121],{"class":58},[44,146474,929],{"class":206},[44,146476,244],{"class":58},[20,146478,146479],{},"Why it fails:",[169,146481,146482,146487],{},[172,146483,146484,146486],{},[15,146485,929],{}," is a single integer",[172,146488,146489,146491],{},[15,146490,145595],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146493,6203],{},[35,146495,146497],{"className":37,"code":146496,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146498,146499],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146500,146501,146503,146505,146507,146509,146511],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146502,136],{"class":135},[44,146504,121],{"class":58},[44,146506,145718],{"class":135},[44,146508,2631],{"class":58},[44,146510,929],{"class":206},[44,146512,2644],{"class":58},[20,146514,247],{},[35,146516,146517],{"className":37,"code":2592,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146518,146519],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146520,146521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146522,2592],{"class":206},[338,146524,146526],{"id":146525},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146528,4175],{},[35,146530,146532],{"className":37,"code":146531,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146533,146534,146566],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146535,146536,146538,146540,146542,146544,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556,146558,146560,146562,146564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146537,922],{"class":50},[44,146539,55],{"class":54},[44,146541,3273],{"class":58},[44,146543,63],{"class":62},[44,146545,1133],{"class":66},[44,146547,63],{"class":62},[44,146549,72],{"class":58},[44,146551,75],{"class":62},[44,146553,1137],{"class":66},[44,146555,63],{"class":62},[44,146557,72],{"class":58},[44,146559,75],{"class":62},[44,146561,1141],{"class":66},[44,146563,63],{"class":62},[44,146565,3286],{"class":58},[44,146567,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146569,136],{"class":135},[44,146571,121],{"class":58},[44,146573,145718],{"class":135},[44,146575,121],{"class":58},[44,146577,962],{"class":117},[44,146579,244],{"class":58},[20,146581,146582],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[35,146584,146586],{"className":37,"code":146585,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146587,146588,146620,146648],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146589,146590,146592,146594,146596,146598,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146591,922],{"class":50},[44,146593,55],{"class":54},[44,146595,3273],{"class":58},[44,146597,63],{"class":62},[44,146599,1133],{"class":66},[44,146601,63],{"class":62},[44,146603,72],{"class":58},[44,146605,75],{"class":62},[44,146607,1137],{"class":66},[44,146609,63],{"class":62},[44,146611,72],{"class":58},[44,146613,75],{"class":62},[44,146615,1141],{"class":66},[44,146617,63],{"class":62},[44,146619,3286],{"class":58},[44,146621,146622,146624,146626,146628,146630,146632,146634,146636,146638,146640,146642,146644,146646],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146623,40819],{"class":50},[44,146625,55],{"class":54},[44,146627,145648],{"class":135},[44,146629,121],{"class":58},[44,146631,1837],{"class":2546},[44,146633,121],{"class":58},[44,146635,1823],{"class":117},[44,146637,144],{"class":58},[44,146639,3527],{"class":805},[44,146641,3530],{"class":117},[44,146643,1383],{"class":805},[44,146645,3535],{"class":117},[44,146647,100],{"class":58},[44,146649,146650,146652,146654,146656],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,146651,136],{"class":135},[44,146653,121],{"class":58},[44,146655,40848],{"class":117},[44,146657,100],{"class":58},[20,146659,247],{},[35,146661,146662],{"className":37,"code":2299,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146663,146664],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146665,146666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146667,2299],{"class":206},[20,146669,146670],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[338,146672,146674],{"id":146673},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146676,4175],{},[35,146678,146680],{"className":37,"code":146679,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146681,146682,146710],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146683,146684,146686,146688,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700,146702,146704,146706,146708],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146685,922],{"class":50},[44,146687,55],{"class":54},[44,146689,3273],{"class":58},[44,146691,1133],{"class":206},[44,146693,72],{"class":58},[44,146695,488],{"class":206},[44,146697,72],{"class":58},[44,146699,75],{"class":62},[44,146701,1141],{"class":66},[44,146703,63],{"class":62},[44,146705,72],{"class":58},[44,146707,1114],{"class":206},[44,146709,3286],{"class":58},[44,146711,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146713,136],{"class":135},[44,146715,121],{"class":58},[44,146717,145718],{"class":135},[44,146719,121],{"class":58},[44,146721,962],{"class":117},[44,146723,244],{"class":58},[20,146725,146726],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[35,146728,146730],{"className":37,"code":146729,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146731,146732,146760,146788],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146733,146734,146736,146738,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146735,922],{"class":50},[44,146737,55],{"class":54},[44,146739,3273],{"class":58},[44,146741,1133],{"class":206},[44,146743,72],{"class":58},[44,146745,488],{"class":206},[44,146747,72],{"class":58},[44,146749,75],{"class":62},[44,146751,1141],{"class":66},[44,146753,63],{"class":62},[44,146755,72],{"class":58},[44,146757,1114],{"class":206},[44,146759,3286],{"class":58},[44,146761,146762,146764,146766,146768,146770,146772,146774,146776,146778,146780,146782,146784,146786],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146763,40819],{"class":50},[44,146765,55],{"class":54},[44,146767,145648],{"class":135},[44,146769,121],{"class":58},[44,146771,1837],{"class":2546},[44,146773,121],{"class":58},[44,146775,1823],{"class":117},[44,146777,144],{"class":58},[44,146779,3527],{"class":805},[44,146781,3530],{"class":117},[44,146783,1383],{"class":805},[44,146785,3535],{"class":117},[44,146787,100],{"class":58},[44,146789,146790,146792,146794,146796],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,146791,136],{"class":135},[44,146793,121],{"class":58},[44,146795,40848],{"class":117},[44,146797,100],{"class":58},[20,146799,247],{},[35,146801,146802],{"className":37,"code":2023,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146803,146804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146805,146806],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146807,2023],{"class":206},[338,146809,895,146811,146813],{"id":146810},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146812,145595],{}," to join text",[20,146815,4175],{},[35,146817,146819],{"className":37,"code":146818,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146820,146821,146877],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146822,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853,146855,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867,146869,146871,146873,146875],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146824,382],{"class":50},[44,146826,55],{"class":54},[44,146828,3273],{"class":58},[44,146830,63],{"class":62},[44,146832,133719],{"class":66},[44,146834,63],{"class":62},[44,146836,72],{"class":58},[44,146838,75],{"class":62},[44,146840,11395],{"class":66},[44,146842,63],{"class":62},[44,146844,72],{"class":58},[44,146846,75],{"class":62},[44,146848,62918],{"class":66},[44,146850,63],{"class":62},[44,146852,72],{"class":58},[44,146854,75],{"class":62},[44,146856,60071],{"class":66},[44,146858,63],{"class":62},[44,146860,72],{"class":58},[44,146862,75],{"class":62},[44,146864,60106],{"class":66},[44,146866,63],{"class":62},[44,146868,72],{"class":58},[44,146870,75],{"class":62},[44,146872,75647],{"class":66},[44,146874,63],{"class":62},[44,146876,3286],{"class":58},[44,146878,146879,146881,146883,146885,146887,146889],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146880,136],{"class":135},[44,146882,121],{"class":58},[44,146884,145718],{"class":135},[44,146886,121],{"class":58},[44,146888,444],{"class":117},[44,146890,244],{"class":58},[20,146892,651,146893,60165],{},[15,146894,133043],{},[35,146896,146898],{"className":37,"code":146897,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146899,146900,146956],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146901,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932,146934,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950,146952,146954],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146903,382],{"class":50},[44,146905,55],{"class":54},[44,146907,3273],{"class":58},[44,146909,63],{"class":62},[44,146911,133719],{"class":66},[44,146913,63],{"class":62},[44,146915,72],{"class":58},[44,146917,75],{"class":62},[44,146919,11395],{"class":66},[44,146921,63],{"class":62},[44,146923,72],{"class":58},[44,146925,75],{"class":62},[44,146927,62918],{"class":66},[44,146929,63],{"class":62},[44,146931,72],{"class":58},[44,146933,75],{"class":62},[44,146935,60071],{"class":66},[44,146937,63],{"class":62},[44,146939,72],{"class":58},[44,146941,75],{"class":62},[44,146943,60106],{"class":66},[44,146945,63],{"class":62},[44,146947,72],{"class":58},[44,146949,75],{"class":62},[44,146951,75647],{"class":66},[44,146953,63],{"class":62},[44,146955,3286],{"class":58},[44,146957,146958,146960,146962,146964,146966,146968,146970,146972],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,146959,136],{"class":135},[44,146961,121],{"class":58},[44,146963,5920],{"class":62},[44,146965,114],{"class":58},[44,146967,133120],{"class":117},[44,146969,121],{"class":58},[44,146971,444],{"class":117},[44,146973,244],{"class":58},[20,146975,247],{},[35,146977,146978],{"className":37,"code":133800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,146979,146980],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,146981,146982],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,146983,133800],{"class":50},[20,146985,146986,146987,114],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[270,146988,146989],{"href":134881},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[30,146991,146993,146995],{"id":146992},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146994,145595],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146997,146998,147000],{},[15,146999,145595],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[338,147002,895,147004],{"id":147003},"using-sum",[15,147005,145595],{},[35,147007,147009],{"className":37,"code":147008,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,147010,147011,147031,147045],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147012,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021,147023,147025,147027,147029],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147014,199],{"class":50},[44,147016,55],{"class":54},[44,147018,3273],{"class":58},[44,147020,1145],{"class":206},[44,147022,72],{"class":58},[44,147024,5642],{"class":206},[44,147026,72],{"class":58},[44,147028,53772],{"class":206},[44,147030,3286],{"class":58},[44,147032,147033,147035,147037,147039,147041,147043],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,147034,40819],{"class":50},[44,147036,55],{"class":54},[44,147038,145648],{"class":135},[44,147040,121],{"class":58},[44,147042,232],{"class":117},[44,147044,100],{"class":58},[44,147046,147047,147049,147051,147053],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147048,136],{"class":135},[44,147050,121],{"class":58},[44,147052,40848],{"class":117},[44,147054,100],{"class":58},[338,147056,147058],{"id":147057},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[35,147060,147062],{"className":37,"code":147061,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147063,147064,147084,147092,147096,147108,147116,147120],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147065,147066,147068,147070,147072,147074,147076,147078,147080,147082],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147067,199],{"class":50},[44,147069,55],{"class":54},[44,147071,3273],{"class":58},[44,147073,1145],{"class":206},[44,147075,72],{"class":58},[44,147077,5642],{"class":206},[44,147079,72],{"class":58},[44,147081,53772],{"class":206},[44,147083,3286],{"class":58},[44,147085,147086,147088,147090],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,147087,40819],{"class":50},[44,147089,55],{"class":54},[44,147091,38150],{"class":206},[44,147093,147094],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147095,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,147097,147098,147100,147102,147104,147106],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,147099,5606],{"class":805},[44,147101,6035],{"class":50},[44,147103,1383],{"class":805},[44,147105,3912],{"class":50},[44,147107,820],{"class":58},[44,147109,147110,147112,147114],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,147111,89722],{"class":50},[44,147113,89725],{"class":54},[44,147115,89728],{"class":50},[44,147117,147118],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,147119,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,147121,147122,147124,147126,147128],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,147123,136],{"class":135},[44,147125,121],{"class":58},[44,147127,40848],{"class":117},[44,147129,100],{"class":58},[20,147131,147132],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147134,2133,147135,147137],{},[15,147136,145595],{}," is often better:",[169,147139,147140,147143,147146],{},[172,147141,147142],{},"Shorter code",[172,147144,147145],{},"Easier to read",[172,147147,147148],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147150,147151],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[169,147153,147154,147157,147160],{},[172,147155,147156],{},"You need to skip some values",[172,147158,147159],{},"You need extra checks",[172,147161,147162],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147164,147165,147166,147169,147170,147172],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[270,147167,147168],{"href":39645},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147171,145595],{}," on the filtered result.",[30,147174,1299],{"id":1298},[20,147176,147177,147178,1155],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147179,145595],{},[169,147181,147182,147188,147195,147202],{},[172,147183,147184,147185],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147186,147187],{},"sum(5)",[172,147189,147190,147191,147194],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147192,147193],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[172,147196,895,147197,147199,147200],{},[15,147198,145595],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147201,133043],{},[172,147203,147204],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147206,8525,147207,147209],{},[15,147208,145595],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[35,147211,147213],{"className":37,"code":147212,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147214,147215,147225,147239,147263],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147216,147217,147219,147221,147223],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147218,136],{"class":135},[44,147220,121],{"class":58},[44,147222,962],{"class":117},[44,147224,100],{"class":58},[44,147226,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,147228,136],{"class":135},[44,147230,121],{"class":58},[44,147232,2868],{"class":2546},[44,147234,121],{"class":58},[44,147236,962],{"class":117},[44,147238,244],{"class":58},[44,147240,147241,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147242,136],{"class":135},[44,147244,2631],{"class":58},[44,147246,2868],{"class":2546},[44,147248,121],{"class":58},[44,147250,1823],{"class":117},[44,147252,144],{"class":58},[44,147254,3527],{"class":805},[44,147256,3530],{"class":117},[44,147258,1383],{"class":805},[44,147260,3535],{"class":117},[44,147262,3538],{"class":58},[44,147264,147265,147267,147269,147271,147273,147275,147277,147279,147281,147283,147285,147287,147289],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,147266,136],{"class":135},[44,147268,121],{"class":58},[44,147270,145718],{"class":135},[44,147272,2631],{"class":58},[44,147274,1837],{"class":2546},[44,147276,121],{"class":58},[44,147278,1823],{"class":117},[44,147280,144],{"class":58},[44,147282,3527],{"class":805},[44,147284,3530],{"class":117},[44,147286,1383],{"class":805},[44,147288,3535],{"class":117},[44,147290,2644],{"class":58},[20,147292,135614],{},[169,147294,147295,147301,147307,147312],{},[172,147296,147297,147300],{},[15,147298,147299],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[172,147302,147303,147306],{},[15,147304,147305],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[172,147308,147309,135636],{},[15,147310,147311],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[172,147313,147314,147317],{},[15,147315,147316],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[30,147319,1497],{"id":1496},[338,147321,1501,147323,4793],{"id":147322},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147324,145595],{},[20,147326,147327],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[338,147329,4818,147331,147333],{"id":147330},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147332,145595],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147335,29910,147336,2522,147339,147342],{},[15,147337,147338],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147340,147341],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[338,147344,4818,147346,147348],{"id":147345},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147347,145595],{}," work with floats?",[20,147350,147351],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[338,147353,147355,147356,1547],{"id":147354},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147357,145595],{},[20,147359,147360,147361,147363],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147362,353],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[338,147365,4806,147367,119001,147369,1547],{"id":147366},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147368,145595],{},[15,147370,2650],{},[20,147372,147373],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[30,147375,1554],{"id":1553},[169,147377,147378,147382,147388,147394,147400,147404,147408],{},[172,147379,147380],{},[270,147381,146078],{"href":2066},[172,147383,147384],{},[270,147385,3225,147386,3158],{"href":35834},[15,147387,35837],{},[172,147389,147390],{},[270,147391,3225,147392,3158],{"href":41994},[15,147393,41997],{},[172,147395,147396],{},[270,147397,3225,147398,3158],{"href":41811},[15,147399,47321],{},[172,147401,147402],{},[270,147403,4870],{"href":39645},[172,147405,147406],{},[270,147407,3175],{"href":2607},[172,147409,147410],{},[270,147411,146989],{"href":134881},[1583,147413,147414],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":147416},[147417,147418,147420,147421,147422,147424,147432,147438,147445,147451,147452,147464],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":145674,"depth":103,"text":147419},"What sum() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":145852,"depth":103,"text":147423},"Using the start value",{"id":145954,"depth":103,"text":147425,"children":147426},"What sum() can work with",[147427,147428,147429,147431],{"id":40061,"depth":132,"text":40062},{"id":51682,"depth":132,"text":146020},{"id":146081,"depth":132,"text":147430},"Values from range()",{"id":146129,"depth":132,"text":146130},{"id":146203,"depth":103,"text":147433,"children":147434},"What sum() does not work with",[147435,147436,147437],{"id":146214,"depth":132,"text":146215},{"id":146331,"depth":132,"text":146332},{"id":146389,"depth":132,"text":146390},{"id":41139,"depth":103,"text":41140,"children":147439},[147440,147441,147442,147443],{"id":6172,"depth":132,"text":6173},{"id":146525,"depth":132,"text":146526},{"id":146673,"depth":132,"text":146674},{"id":146810,"depth":132,"text":147444},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146992,"depth":103,"text":147446,"children":147447},"sum() vs manual loop",[147448,147450],{"id":147003,"depth":132,"text":147449},"Using sum()",{"id":147057,"depth":132,"text":147058},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":147453},[147454,147456,147458,147460,147462],{"id":147322,"depth":132,"text":147455},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147330,"depth":132,"text":147457},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147345,"depth":132,"text":147459},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147354,"depth":132,"text":147461},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147366,"depth":132,"text":147463},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145587,"description":147465},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147472,"title":147473,"body":147474,"description":148870,"extension":1616,"meta":148871,"navigation":434,"path":1175,"seo":148872,"stem":148873,"__hash__":148874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147475,"toc":148838},[147476,147481,147487,147490,147553,147559,147564,147568,147585,147599,147603,147622,147636,147638,147731,147733,147747,147749,147752,147841,147843,147851,147860,147862,147866,147887,147889,147981,147983,148004,148006,148010,148024,148026,148100,148102,148121,148125,148128,148151,148153,148264,148271,148279,148281,148287,148290,148333,148336,148359,148367,148371,148446,148452,148477,148484,148487,148490,148494,148499,148587,148595,148599,148602,148627,148631,148692,148696,148745,148755,148757,148762,148765,148771,148774,148776,148780,148786,148789,148796,148804,148806,148835],[10,147477,13,147479,18],{"id":147478},"python-tuple-count-method",[15,147480,1179],{},[20,147482,147483,147486],{},[15,147484,147485],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147488,147489],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[35,147491,147493],{"className":37,"code":147492,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147494,147495,147523,147541],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147496,147497,147499,147501,147503,147505,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147498,199],{"class":50},[44,147500,55],{"class":54},[44,147502,59],{"class":58},[44,147504,1133],{"class":206},[44,147506,72],{"class":58},[44,147508,488],{"class":206},[44,147510,72],{"class":58},[44,147512,488],{"class":206},[44,147514,72],{"class":58},[44,147516,524],{"class":206},[44,147518,72],{"class":58},[44,147520,488],{"class":206},[44,147522,100],{"class":58},[44,147524,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533,147535,147537,147539],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,147526,604],{"class":50},[44,147528,55],{"class":54},[44,147530,3912],{"class":50},[44,147532,114],{"class":58},[44,147534,1401],{"class":117},[44,147536,121],{"class":58},[44,147538,1137],{"class":206},[44,147540,100],{"class":58},[44,147542,147543,147545,147547,147549,147551],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147544,136],{"class":135},[44,147546,121],{"class":58},[44,147548,632],{"class":117},[44,147550,144],{"class":58},[44,147552,50409],{"class":147},[20,147554,651,147555,147558],{},[15,147556,147557],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[30,147560,158,147562,161],{"id":147561},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147563,147485],{},[20,147565,147566,1155],{},[15,147567,147557],{},[169,147569,147570,147576,147579,147582],{},[172,147571,147572,147573,147575],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147574,302],{}," appears in the tuple",[172,147577,147578],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[172,147580,147581],{},"Returns an integer",[172,147583,147584],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147586,147587,147588,147590,147591,2522,147595,114],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147589,1179],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[270,147592,147594],{"href":147593},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[270,147596,147598],{"href":147597},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[30,147600,147602],{"id":147601},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[35,147604,147606],{"className":37,"code":147605,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147607,147608],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147609,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147611,1354],{"class":50},[44,147613,114],{"class":58},[44,147615,1401],{"class":117},[44,147617,121],{"class":58},[44,147619,302],{"class":117},[44,147621,100],{"class":58},[169,147623,147624,147628,147631],{},[172,147625,147626,57090],{},[15,147627,302],{},[172,147629,147630],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[172,147632,147633,147634],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147635,186],{},[338,147637,102722],{"id":102721},[35,147639,147641],{"className":37,"code":147640,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147642,147643,147683,147707],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147644,147645,147647,147649,147651,147653,147655,147657,147659,147661,147663,147665,147667,147669,147671,147673,147675,147677,147679,147681],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147646,51],{"class":50},[44,147648,55],{"class":54},[44,147650,59],{"class":58},[44,147652,63],{"class":62},[44,147654,67],{"class":66},[44,147656,63],{"class":62},[44,147658,72],{"class":58},[44,147660,75],{"class":62},[44,147662,78],{"class":66},[44,147664,63],{"class":62},[44,147666,72],{"class":58},[44,147668,75],{"class":62},[44,147670,67],{"class":66},[44,147672,63],{"class":62},[44,147674,72],{"class":58},[44,147676,75],{"class":62},[44,147678,87],{"class":66},[44,147680,63],{"class":62},[44,147682,100],{"class":58},[44,147684,147685,147687,147689,147691,147693,147695,147697,147699,147701,147703,147705],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,147686,136],{"class":135},[44,147688,121],{"class":58},[44,147690,734],{"class":117},[44,147692,114],{"class":58},[44,147694,1401],{"class":117},[44,147696,121],{"class":58},[44,147698,63],{"class":62},[44,147700,67],{"class":66},[44,147702,63],{"class":62},[44,147704,459],{"class":58},[44,147706,57280],{"class":147},[44,147708,147709,147711,147713,147715,147717,147719,147721,147723,147725,147727,147729],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147710,136],{"class":135},[44,147712,121],{"class":58},[44,147714,734],{"class":117},[44,147716,114],{"class":58},[44,147718,1401],{"class":117},[44,147720,121],{"class":58},[44,147722,63],{"class":62},[44,147724,745],{"class":66},[44,147726,63],{"class":62},[44,147728,459],{"class":58},[44,147730,50883],{"class":147},[20,147732,19600],{},[169,147734,147735,147740],{},[172,147736,147737,147739],{},[15,147738,65018],{}," appears 2 times",[172,147741,147742,147744,147745],{},[15,147743,755],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,147746,186],{},[30,147748,11124],{"id":11123},[20,147750,147751],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[35,147753,147755],{"className":37,"code":147754,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,147756,147757,147805,147809,147831],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147758,147759,147761,147763,147765,147767,147769,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795,147797,147799,147801,147803],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147760,1200],{"class":50},[44,147762,55],{"class":54},[44,147764,59],{"class":58},[44,147766,63],{"class":62},[44,147768,1209],{"class":66},[44,147770,63],{"class":62},[44,147772,72],{"class":58},[44,147774,75],{"class":62},[44,147776,1218],{"class":66},[44,147778,63],{"class":62},[44,147780,72],{"class":58},[44,147782,75],{"class":62},[44,147784,1209],{"class":66},[44,147786,63],{"class":62},[44,147788,72],{"class":58},[44,147790,75],{"class":62},[44,147792,1227],{"class":66},[44,147794,63],{"class":62},[44,147796,72],{"class":58},[44,147798,75],{"class":62},[44,147800,1209],{"class":66},[44,147802,63],{"class":62},[44,147804,100],{"class":58},[44,147806,147807],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,147808,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,147810,147811,147813,147815,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825,147827,147829],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147812,604],{"class":50},[44,147814,55],{"class":54},[44,147816,52487],{"class":50},[44,147818,114],{"class":58},[44,147820,1401],{"class":117},[44,147822,121],{"class":58},[44,147824,63],{"class":62},[44,147826,1209],{"class":66},[44,147828,63],{"class":62},[44,147830,100],{"class":58},[44,147832,147833,147835,147837,147839],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,147834,136],{"class":135},[44,147836,121],{"class":58},[44,147838,632],{"class":117},[44,147840,100],{"class":58},[20,147842,247],{},[35,147844,147845],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,147846,147847],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147848,147849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147850,46255],{"class":206},[20,147852,147853,147855,147856,2044,147858,114],{},[15,147854,57468],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,147857,1179],{},[15,147859,1141],{},[30,147861,37657],{"id":37656},[20,147863,57179,147864,128350],{},[15,147865,1179],{},[169,147867,147868,147873,147878,147881],{},[172,147869,11072,147870,147872],{},[15,147871,186],{}," when the value does not exist",[172,147874,11072,147875,147877],{},[15,147876,1133],{}," when the value appears once",[172,147879,147880],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[172,147882,147883,147884,147886],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,147885,806],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,147888,189],{},[35,147890,147892],{"className":37,"code":147891,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,147893,147894,147935,147939,147966],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147895,147896,147899,147901,147903,147905,147907,147909,147911,147913,147915,147917,147919,147921,147923,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147897,147898],{"class":50},"answers ",[44,147900,55],{"class":54},[44,147902,59],{"class":58},[44,147904,63],{"class":62},[44,147906,8307],{"class":66},[44,147908,63],{"class":62},[44,147910,72],{"class":58},[44,147912,75],{"class":62},[44,147914,8246],{"class":66},[44,147916,63],{"class":62},[44,147918,72],{"class":58},[44,147920,75],{"class":62},[44,147922,8307],{"class":66},[44,147924,63],{"class":62},[44,147926,72],{"class":58},[44,147928,75],{"class":62},[44,147930,8307],{"class":66},[44,147932,63],{"class":62},[44,147934,100],{"class":58},[44,147936,147937],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,147938,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,147940,147941,147943,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956,147958,147960,147962,147964],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,147942,806],{"class":805},[44,147944,147945],{"class":50}," answers",[44,147947,114],{"class":58},[44,147949,1401],{"class":117},[44,147951,121],{"class":58},[44,147953,63],{"class":62},[44,147955,8307],{"class":66},[44,147957,63],{"class":62},[44,147959,144],{"class":58},[44,147961,38033],{"class":54},[44,147963,519],{"class":206},[44,147965,820],{"class":58},[44,147967,147968,147970,147972,147974,147977,147979],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,147969,825],{"class":135},[44,147971,121],{"class":58},[44,147973,63],{"class":62},[44,147975,147976],{"class":66},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[44,147978,63],{"class":62},[44,147980,100],{"class":58},[20,147982,247],{},[35,147984,147986],{"className":37,"code":147985,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,147987,147988],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,147989,147990,147993,147995,147997,147999,148002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,147991,147992],{"class":50},"The answer ",[44,147994,2948],{"class":62},[44,147996,8307],{"class":66},[44,147998,2948],{"class":62},[44,148000,148001],{"class":50}," appears more than once",[44,148003,121995],{"class":58},[30,148005,40682],{"id":40681},[20,148007,35048,148008,104183],{},[15,148009,147485],{},[169,148011,148012,148015,148018,148021],{},[172,148013,148014],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[172,148016,148017],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[172,148019,148020],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[172,148022,148023],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148025,189],{},[35,148027,148029],{"className":37,"code":148028,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148030,148031,148059,148063,148085],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148032,148033,148035,148037,148039,148041,148043,148045,148047,148049,148051,148053,148055,148057],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148034,4712],{"class":50},[44,148036,55],{"class":54},[44,148038,59],{"class":58},[44,148040,207],{"class":206},[44,148042,72],{"class":58},[44,148044,212],{"class":206},[44,148046,72],{"class":58},[44,148048,934],{"class":206},[44,148050,72],{"class":58},[44,148052,217],{"class":206},[44,148054,72],{"class":58},[44,148056,934],{"class":206},[44,148058,100],{"class":58},[44,148060,148061],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148062,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,148064,148065,148067,148069,148071,148073,148075,148077,148079,148081,148083],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148066,806],{"class":805},[44,148068,4759],{"class":50},[44,148070,114],{"class":58},[44,148072,1401],{"class":117},[44,148074,121],{"class":58},[44,148076,207],{"class":206},[44,148078,144],{"class":58},[44,148080,50924],{"class":54},[44,148082,488],{"class":206},[44,148084,820],{"class":58},[44,148086,148087,148089,148091,148093,148096,148098],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,148088,825],{"class":135},[44,148090,121],{"class":58},[44,148092,63],{"class":62},[44,148094,148095],{"class":66},"The score 10 is repeated.",[44,148097,63],{"class":62},[44,148099,100],{"class":58},[20,148101,247],{},[35,148103,148105],{"className":37,"code":148104,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148106,148107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148108,148109,148112,148114,148116,148119],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148110,148111],{"class":50},"The score ",[44,148113,207],{"class":206},[44,148115,7745],{"class":54},[44,148117,148118],{"class":50}," repeated",[44,148120,121995],{"class":58},[30,148122,148124],{"id":148123},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148126,148127],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[169,148129,148130,148136,148141,148144],{},[172,148131,148132,148133,148135],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148134,1179],{}," still works because it only reads data",[172,148137,148138,148140],{},[15,148139,1179],{}," counts exact matches",[172,148142,148143],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[172,148145,148146,898,148148,148150],{},[15,148147,1133],{},[15,148149,41794],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148152,189],{},[35,148154,148156],{"className":37,"code":148155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148157,148158,148192,148196,148216,148240],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148159,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148173,148175,148177,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148161,922],{"class":50},[44,148163,55],{"class":54},[44,148165,59],{"class":58},[44,148167,1133],{"class":206},[44,148169,72],{"class":58},[44,148171,148172],{"class":206}," 1.0",[44,148174,72],{"class":58},[44,148176,75],{"class":62},[44,148178,148179],{"class":66},"Cat",[44,148181,63],{"class":62},[44,148183,72],{"class":58},[44,148185,75],{"class":62},[44,148187,569],{"class":66},[44,148189,63],{"class":62},[44,148191,100],{"class":58},[44,148193,148194],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148195,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,148197,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148199,136],{"class":135},[44,148201,121],{"class":58},[44,148203,962],{"class":117},[44,148205,114],{"class":58},[44,148207,1401],{"class":117},[44,148209,121],{"class":58},[44,148211,1133],{"class":206},[44,148213,459],{"class":58},[44,148215,50730],{"class":147},[44,148217,148218,148220,148222,148224,148226,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,148219,136],{"class":135},[44,148221,121],{"class":58},[44,148223,962],{"class":117},[44,148225,114],{"class":58},[44,148227,1401],{"class":117},[44,148229,121],{"class":58},[44,148231,63],{"class":62},[44,148233,148179],{"class":66},[44,148235,63],{"class":62},[44,148237,459],{"class":58},[44,148239,148],{"class":147},[44,148241,148242,148244,148246,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,148243,136],{"class":135},[44,148245,121],{"class":58},[44,148247,962],{"class":117},[44,148249,114],{"class":58},[44,148251,1401],{"class":117},[44,148253,121],{"class":58},[44,148255,63],{"class":62},[44,148257,569],{"class":66},[44,148259,63],{"class":62},[44,148261,459],{"class":58},[44,148263,148],{"class":147},[20,148265,4806,148266,4809,148269,1547],{},[15,148267,148268],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148270,1137],{},[20,148272,8435,148273,365,148276,148278],{},[15,148274,148275],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148277,3254],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[30,148280,1299],{"id":1298},[338,148282,895,148284,148286],{"id":148283},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148285,1401],{}," without parentheses",[20,148288,148289],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[35,148291,148293],{"className":37,"code":148292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148294,148295,148319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148296,148297,148299,148301,148303,148305,148307,148309,148311,148313,148315,148317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148298,199],{"class":50},[44,148300,55],{"class":54},[44,148302,59],{"class":58},[44,148304,1133],{"class":206},[44,148306,72],{"class":58},[44,148308,488],{"class":206},[44,148310,72],{"class":58},[44,148312,488],{"class":206},[44,148314,72],{"class":58},[44,148316,524],{"class":206},[44,148318,100],{"class":58},[44,148320,148321,148323,148325,148327,148329,148331],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148322,136],{"class":135},[44,148324,121],{"class":58},[44,148326,232],{"class":117},[44,148328,114],{"class":58},[44,148330,1401],{"class":24390},[44,148332,100],{"class":58},[20,148334,148335],{},"To call the method correctly:",[35,148337,148339],{"className":37,"code":148338,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148340,148341],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148342,148343,148345,148347,148349,148351,148353,148355,148357],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148344,136],{"class":135},[44,148346,121],{"class":58},[44,148348,232],{"class":117},[44,148350,114],{"class":58},[44,148352,1401],{"class":117},[44,148354,121],{"class":58},[44,148356,1137],{"class":206},[44,148358,244],{"class":58},[338,148360,1312,148361,8104,148363,2522,148365],{"id":58226},[15,148362,1179],{},[15,148364,3254],{},[15,148366,3324],{},[20,148368,148369,58237],{},[15,148370,1179],{},[35,148372,148374],{"className":37,"code":148373,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148375,148376,148408,148430,148434],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148377,148378,148380,148382,148384,148386,148388,148390,148392,148394,148396,148398,148400,148402,148404,148406],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148379,382],{"class":50},[44,148381,55],{"class":54},[44,148383,59],{"class":58},[44,148385,63],{"class":62},[44,148387,270],{"class":66},[44,148389,63],{"class":62},[44,148391,72],{"class":58},[44,148393,75],{"class":62},[44,148395,399],{"class":66},[44,148397,63],{"class":62},[44,148399,72],{"class":58},[44,148401,75],{"class":62},[44,148403,270],{"class":66},[44,148405,63],{"class":62},[44,148407,100],{"class":58},[44,148409,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148411,604],{"class":50},[44,148413,55],{"class":54},[44,148415,69713],{"class":50},[44,148417,114],{"class":58},[44,148419,1401],{"class":117},[44,148421,121],{"class":58},[44,148423,63],{"class":62},[44,148425,270],{"class":66},[44,148427,63],{"class":62},[44,148429,100],{"class":58},[44,148431,148432],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148433,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,148435,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,148437,136],{"class":135},[44,148439,121],{"class":58},[44,148441,632],{"class":117},[44,148443,144],{"class":58},[44,148445,51051],{"class":147},[20,148447,148448,148449,148451],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148450,1383],{}," is often simpler:",[35,148453,148455],{"className":37,"code":148454,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148456,148457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148458,148459,148461,148463,148465,148467,148469,148471,148473,148475],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148460,136],{"class":135},[44,148462,121],{"class":58},[44,148464,63],{"class":62},[44,148466,270],{"class":66},[44,148468,63],{"class":62},[44,148470,815],{"class":805},[44,148472,69713],{"class":117},[44,148474,144],{"class":58},[44,148476,3314],{"class":147},[338,148478,1330,148480,8354,148482],{"id":148479},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148481,147485],{},[15,148483,56930],{},[20,148485,148486],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148488,148489],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[338,148491,148493],{"id":148492},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148495,148496,148498],{},[15,148497,1179],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[35,148500,148502],{"className":37,"code":148501,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148503,148504,148537,148563],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148505,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514,148516,148518,148520,148522,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148507,3720],{"class":50},[44,148509,55],{"class":54},[44,148511,59],{"class":58},[44,148513,63],{"class":62},[44,148515,1209],{"class":66},[44,148517,63],{"class":62},[44,148519,72],{"class":58},[44,148521,75],{"class":62},[44,148523,148524],{"class":66},"pineapple",[44,148526,63],{"class":62},[44,148528,72],{"class":58},[44,148530,75],{"class":62},[44,148532,1209],{"class":66},[44,148534,63],{"class":62},[44,148536,100],{"class":58},[44,148538,148539,148541,148543,148545,148547,148549,148551,148553,148556,148558,148560],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148540,136],{"class":135},[44,148542,121],{"class":58},[44,148544,3762],{"class":117},[44,148546,114],{"class":58},[44,148548,1401],{"class":117},[44,148550,121],{"class":58},[44,148552,63],{"class":62},[44,148554,148555],{"class":66},"app",[44,148557,63],{"class":62},[44,148559,459],{"class":58},[44,148561,148562],{"class":147},"    # 0\n",[44,148564,148565,148567,148569,148571,148573,148575,148577,148579,148581,148583,148585],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148566,136],{"class":135},[44,148568,121],{"class":58},[44,148570,3762],{"class":117},[44,148572,114],{"class":58},[44,148574,1401],{"class":117},[44,148576,121],{"class":58},[44,148578,63],{"class":62},[44,148580,1209],{"class":66},[44,148582,63],{"class":62},[44,148584,459],{"class":58},[44,148586,51051],{"class":147},[20,148588,148589,148592,148593,114],{},[15,148590,148591],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148594,186],{},[30,148596,148598],{"id":148597},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148600,148601],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[169,148603,148604,148609,148618,148624],{},[172,148605,651,148606,148608],{},[15,148607,1383],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[172,148610,651,148611,148617],{},[270,148612,148614,148615],{"href":148613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148616,17],{}," to find the position of a value",[172,148619,651,148620,148623],{},[15,148621,148622],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[172,148625,148626],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148628,45678,148629,1155],{},[15,148630,1383],{},[35,148632,148634],{"className":37,"code":148633,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148635,148636,148656,148660,148676],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148637,148638,148640,148642,148644,148646,148648,148650,148652,148654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148639,199],{"class":50},[44,148641,55],{"class":54},[44,148643,59],{"class":58},[44,148645,1145],{"class":206},[44,148647,72],{"class":58},[44,148649,5642],{"class":206},[44,148651,72],{"class":58},[44,148653,53772],{"class":206},[44,148655,100],{"class":58},[44,148657,148658],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148659,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,148661,148662,148664,148666,148668,148670,148672,148674],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148663,136],{"class":135},[44,148665,121],{"class":58},[44,148667,1677],{"class":206},[44,148669,815],{"class":805},[44,148671,3912],{"class":117},[44,148673,144],{"class":58},[44,148675,43492],{"class":147},[44,148677,148678,148680,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,148679,136],{"class":135},[44,148681,121],{"class":58},[44,148683,929],{"class":206},[44,148685,815],{"class":805},[44,148687,3912],{"class":117},[44,148689,144],{"class":58},[44,148691,43509],{"class":147},[20,148693,45678,148694,1155],{},[15,148695,17],{},[35,148697,148699],{"className":37,"code":148698,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148700,148701,148725],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148702,148703,148705,148707,148709,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719,148721,148723],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148704,199],{"class":50},[44,148706,55],{"class":54},[44,148708,59],{"class":58},[44,148710,1145],{"class":206},[44,148712,72],{"class":58},[44,148714,5642],{"class":206},[44,148716,72],{"class":58},[44,148718,53772],{"class":206},[44,148720,72],{"class":58},[44,148722,5642],{"class":206},[44,148724,100],{"class":58},[44,148726,148727,148729,148731,148733,148735,148737,148739,148741,148743],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148728,136],{"class":135},[44,148730,121],{"class":58},[44,148732,232],{"class":117},[44,148734,114],{"class":58},[44,148736,118],{"class":117},[44,148738,121],{"class":58},[44,148740,1677],{"class":206},[44,148742,459],{"class":58},[44,148744,148],{"class":147},[20,148746,148747,148749,148750,148752,148754],{},[15,148748,1179],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9496,148751],{},[15,148753,17],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[30,148756,1497],{"id":1496},[338,148758,1501,148760,4793],{"id":148759},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,148761,147485],{},[20,148763,148764],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[338,148766,12355,148768,148770],{"id":148767},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,148769,147485],{}," change the tuple?",[20,148772,148773],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[338,148775,1519],{"id":1518},[20,148777,11561,148778,114],{},[15,148779,186],{},[338,148781,4818,148783,148785],{"id":148782},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,148784,147485],{}," count strings?",[20,148787,148788],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[338,148790,4828,148792,898,148794,1547],{"id":148791},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,148793,147485],{},[15,148795,24],{},[20,148797,148798,148800,148801,148803],{},[15,148799,1179],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,148802,17],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[30,148805,1554],{"id":1553},[169,148807,148808,148812,148817,148823,148831],{},[172,148809,148810],{},[270,148811,147594],{"href":147593},[172,148813,148814],{},[270,148815,148816],{"href":147597},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[172,148818,148819],{},[270,148820,1176,148821,1180],{"href":148613},[15,148822,17],{},[172,148824,148825],{},[270,148826,148828,148829],{"href":148827},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,148830,41997],{},[172,148832,148833],{},[270,148834,58589],{"href":58588},[1583,148836,148837],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":148839},[148840,148842,148845,148846,148847,148848,148849,148857,148858,148869],{"id":147561,"depth":103,"text":148841},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147601,"depth":103,"text":147602,"children":148843},[148844],{"id":102721,"depth":132,"text":102722},{"id":11123,"depth":103,"text":11124},{"id":37656,"depth":103,"text":37657},{"id":40681,"depth":103,"text":40682},{"id":148123,"depth":103,"text":148124},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":148850},[148851,148853,148854,148856],{"id":148283,"depth":132,"text":148852},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58226,"depth":132,"text":58641},{"id":148479,"depth":132,"text":148855},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148492,"depth":132,"text":148493},{"id":148597,"depth":103,"text":148598},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":148859},[148860,148862,148864,148865,148867],{"id":148759,"depth":132,"text":148861},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148767,"depth":132,"text":148863},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":1518,"depth":132,"text":1519},{"id":148782,"depth":132,"text":148866},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148791,"depth":132,"text":148868},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":147473,"description":148870},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148876,"title":148877,"body":148878,"description":150563,"extension":1616,"meta":150564,"navigation":434,"path":1571,"seo":150565,"stem":150566,"__hash__":150567},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148879,"toc":150526},[148880,148883,148886,148895,148897,149027,149029,149090,149096,149098,149118,149122,149125,149128,149163,149165,149186,149189,149228,149230,149255,149261,149265,149268,149305,149307,149330,149333,149336,149348,149354,149358,149361,149367,149408,149410,149433,149436,149477,149479,149506,149508,149525,149527,149544,149547,149551,149554,149556,149590,149592,149639,149643,149682,149686,149689,149746,149748,149789,149795,149801,149806,149808,149845,149847,149867,149869,149902,149904,149937,149940,149944,149977,149979,150004,150007,150009,150023,150030,150032,150035,150039,150042,150077,150080,150115,150119,150122,150161,150164,150203,150207,150209,150239,150242,150249,150251,150283,150286,150318,150321,150352,150354,150371,150375,150378,150442,150444,150448,150455,150459,150462,150466,150469,150473,150476,150481,150487,150489,150523],[10,148881,148877],{"id":148882},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148884,148885],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148887,148888,148889,2522,148893,114],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[270,148890,148892],{"href":148891},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[270,148894,147594],{"href":147593},[30,148896,33],{"id":32},[35,148898,148900],{"className":37,"code":148899,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148901,148902,148922,148931,148945,148981,148985,148995,149005,149016],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,148903,148904,148906,148908,148910,148912,148914,148916,148918,148920],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,148905,199],{"class":50},[44,148907,55],{"class":54},[44,148909,59],{"class":58},[44,148911,1133],{"class":206},[44,148913,72],{"class":58},[44,148915,488],{"class":206},[44,148917,72],{"class":58},[44,148919,524],{"class":206},[44,148921,100],{"class":58},[44,148923,148924,148926,148928],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,148925,124461],{"class":50},[44,148927,55],{"class":54},[44,148929,148930],{"class":58}," ()\n",[44,148932,148933,148936,148938,148940,148942],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,148934,148935],{"class":50},"one_item ",[44,148937,55],{"class":54},[44,148939,59],{"class":58},[44,148941,929],{"class":206},[44,148943,148944],{"class":58},",)\n",[44,148946,148947,148950,148952,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965,148967,148969,148971,148973,148975,148977,148979],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,148948,148949],{"class":50},"from_list ",[44,148951,55],{"class":54},[44,148953,148954],{"class":2546}," tuple",[44,148956,2631],{"class":58},[44,148958,63],{"class":62},[44,148960,270],{"class":66},[44,148962,63],{"class":62},[44,148964,72],{"class":58},[44,148966,75],{"class":62},[44,148968,399],{"class":66},[44,148970,63],{"class":62},[44,148972,72],{"class":58},[44,148974,75],{"class":62},[44,148976,408],{"class":66},[44,148978,63],{"class":62},[44,148980,3538],{"class":58},[44,148982,148983],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,148984,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,148986,148987,148989,148991,148993],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,148988,136],{"class":135},[44,148990,121],{"class":58},[44,148992,232],{"class":117},[44,148994,100],{"class":58},[44,148996,148997,148999,149001,149003],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,148998,136],{"class":135},[44,149000,121],{"class":58},[44,149002,124512],{"class":117},[44,149004,100],{"class":58},[44,149006,149007,149009,149011,149014],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,149008,136],{"class":135},[44,149010,121],{"class":58},[44,149012,149013],{"class":117},"one_item",[44,149015,100],{"class":58},[44,149017,149018,149020,149022,149025],{"class":46,"line":6080},[44,149019,136],{"class":135},[44,149021,121],{"class":58},[44,149023,149024],{"class":117},"from_list",[44,149026,100],{"class":58},[20,149028,247],{},[35,149030,149032],{"className":37,"code":149031,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149033,149034,149050,149054,149062],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149035,149036,149038,149040,149042,149044,149046,149048],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149037,121],{"class":58},[44,149039,1133],{"class":206},[44,149041,72],{"class":58},[44,149043,488],{"class":206},[44,149045,72],{"class":58},[44,149047,524],{"class":206},[44,149049,100],{"class":58},[44,149051,149052],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149053,8292],{"class":58},[44,149055,149056,149058,149060],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149057,121],{"class":58},[44,149059,929],{"class":206},[44,149061,148944],{"class":58},[44,149063,149064,149066,149068,149070,149072,149074,149076,149078,149080,149082,149084,149086,149088],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,149065,121],{"class":58},[44,149067,2948],{"class":62},[44,149069,270],{"class":66},[44,149071,2948],{"class":62},[44,149073,72],{"class":58},[44,149075,2943],{"class":62},[44,149077,399],{"class":66},[44,149079,2948],{"class":62},[44,149081,72],{"class":58},[44,149083,2943],{"class":62},[44,149085,408],{"class":66},[44,149087,2948],{"class":62},[44,149089,100],{"class":58},[20,149091,149092,149093,114],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149094,149095],{},"(5,)",[30,149097,14811],{"id":14810},[169,149099,149100,149103,149106,149109,149112,149115],{},[172,149101,149102],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[172,149104,149105],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[172,149107,149108],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[172,149110,149111],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[172,149113,149114],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[172,149116,149117],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[30,149119,149121],{"id":149120},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149123,149124],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149126,149127],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[35,149129,149131],{"className":37,"code":149130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149132,149133,149153],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149134,149135,149137,149139,149141,149143,149145,149147,149149,149151],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149136,199],{"class":50},[44,149138,55],{"class":54},[44,149140,59],{"class":58},[44,149142,1133],{"class":206},[44,149144,72],{"class":58},[44,149146,488],{"class":206},[44,149148,72],{"class":58},[44,149150,524],{"class":206},[44,149152,100],{"class":58},[44,149154,149155,149157,149159,149161],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149156,136],{"class":135},[44,149158,121],{"class":58},[44,149160,232],{"class":117},[44,149162,100],{"class":58},[20,149164,247],{},[35,149166,149168],{"className":37,"code":149167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149169,149170],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149171,149172,149174,149176,149178,149180,149182,149184],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149173,121],{"class":58},[44,149175,1133],{"class":206},[44,149177,72],{"class":58},[44,149179,488],{"class":206},[44,149181,72],{"class":58},[44,149183,524],{"class":206},[44,149185,100],{"class":58},[20,149187,149188],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[35,149190,149192],{"className":37,"code":149191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149193,149194,149218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149195,149196,149198,149200,149202,149204,149206,149208,149210,149212,149214,149216],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149197,8816],{"class":50},[44,149199,55],{"class":54},[44,149201,59],{"class":58},[44,149203,1133],{"class":206},[44,149205,72],{"class":58},[44,149207,75],{"class":62},[44,149209,1209],{"class":66},[44,149211,63],{"class":62},[44,149213,72],{"class":58},[44,149215,3565],{"class":3502},[44,149217,100],{"class":58},[44,149219,149220,149222,149224,149226],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149221,136],{"class":135},[44,149223,121],{"class":58},[44,149225,8855],{"class":117},[44,149227,100],{"class":58},[20,149229,247],{},[35,149231,149233],{"className":37,"code":149232,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149234,149235],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149236,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149238,121],{"class":58},[44,149240,1133],{"class":206},[44,149242,72],{"class":58},[44,149244,2943],{"class":62},[44,149246,1209],{"class":66},[44,149248,2948],{"class":62},[44,149250,72],{"class":58},[44,149252,3565],{"class":3502},[44,149254,100],{"class":58},[20,149256,149257,149258,114],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[270,149259,676],{"href":149260},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F",[30,149262,149264],{"id":149263},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149266,149267],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[35,149269,149271],{"className":37,"code":149270,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149272,149273,149281,149291],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149274,149275,149277,149279],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149276,124461],{"class":50},[44,149278,55],{"class":54},[44,149280,148930],{"class":58},[44,149282,149283,149285,149287,149289],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149284,136],{"class":135},[44,149286,121],{"class":58},[44,149288,124512],{"class":117},[44,149290,100],{"class":58},[44,149292,149293,149295,149297,149299,149301,149303],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149294,136],{"class":135},[44,149296,121],{"class":58},[44,149298,2868],{"class":2546},[44,149300,121],{"class":58},[44,149302,124512],{"class":117},[44,149304,244],{"class":58},[20,149306,247],{},[35,149308,149310],{"className":37,"code":149309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149311,149312,149316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149313,149314],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149315,8292],{"class":58},[44,149317,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149319,2937],{"class":54},[44,149321,2940],{"class":1716},[44,149323,2943],{"class":62},[44,149325,48591],{"class":66},[44,149327,2948],{"class":62},[44,149329,2951],{"class":54},[20,149331,149332],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149334,149335],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[169,149337,149338,149343],{},[172,149339,149340,149341],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149342,7015],{},[172,149344,149345,149346],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149347,3437],{},[20,149349,149350,149351,114],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[270,149352,149353],{"href":56790},"Python list: creating a list",[30,149355,149357],{"id":149356},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149359,149360],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149362,149363,149364,149366],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[367,149365,881],{}," automatically a tuple:",[35,149368,149370],{"className":37,"code":149369,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149371,149372,149384,149394],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149373,149374,149376,149378,149380,149382],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149375,1380],{"class":50},[44,149377,55],{"class":54},[44,149379,59],{"class":58},[44,149381,929],{"class":206},[44,149383,100],{"class":58},[44,149385,149386,149388,149390,149392],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149387,136],{"class":135},[44,149389,121],{"class":58},[44,149391,302],{"class":117},[44,149393,100],{"class":58},[44,149395,149396,149398,149400,149402,149404,149406],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149397,136],{"class":135},[44,149399,121],{"class":58},[44,149401,2868],{"class":2546},[44,149403,121],{"class":58},[44,149405,302],{"class":117},[44,149407,244],{"class":58},[20,149409,247],{},[35,149411,149413],{"className":37,"code":149412,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149414,149415,149419],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149416,149417],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149418,2592],{"class":206},[44,149420,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149422,2937],{"class":54},[44,149424,2940],{"class":1716},[44,149426,2943],{"class":62},[44,149428,1837],{"class":66},[44,149430,2948],{"class":62},[44,149432,2951],{"class":54},[20,149434,149435],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[35,149437,149439],{"className":37,"code":149438,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149440,149441,149453,149463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149442,149443,149445,149447,149449,149451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149444,148935],{"class":50},[44,149446,55],{"class":54},[44,149448,59],{"class":58},[44,149450,929],{"class":206},[44,149452,148944],{"class":58},[44,149454,149455,149457,149459,149461],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149456,136],{"class":135},[44,149458,121],{"class":58},[44,149460,149013],{"class":117},[44,149462,100],{"class":58},[44,149464,149465,149467,149469,149471,149473,149475],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,149466,136],{"class":135},[44,149468,121],{"class":58},[44,149470,2868],{"class":2546},[44,149472,121],{"class":58},[44,149474,149013],{"class":117},[44,149476,244],{"class":58},[20,149478,247],{},[35,149480,149482],{"className":37,"code":149481,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149483,149484,149492],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149485,149486,149488,149490],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149487,121],{"class":58},[44,149489,929],{"class":206},[44,149491,148944],{"class":58},[44,149493,149494,149496,149498,149500,149502,149504],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149495,2937],{"class":54},[44,149497,2940],{"class":1716},[44,149499,2943],{"class":62},[44,149501,48591],{"class":66},[44,149503,2948],{"class":62},[44,149505,2951],{"class":54},[20,149507,16303],{},[35,149509,149511],{"className":37,"code":149510,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149512,149513],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149514,149515,149517,149519,149521,149523],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149516,121],{"class":58},[44,149518,63],{"class":62},[44,149520,1209],{"class":66},[44,149522,63],{"class":62},[44,149524,148944],{"class":58},[20,149526,16291],{},[35,149528,149530],{"className":37,"code":149529,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149531,149532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149533,149534,149536,149538,149540,149542],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149535,121],{"class":58},[44,149537,63],{"class":62},[44,149539,1209],{"class":66},[44,149541,63],{"class":62},[44,149543,100],{"class":58},[20,149545,149546],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[30,149548,149550],{"id":149549},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149552,149553],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[338,149555,56098],{"id":232},[35,149557,149558],{"className":37,"code":149130,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149559,149560,149580],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149561,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149563,199],{"class":50},[44,149565,55],{"class":54},[44,149567,59],{"class":58},[44,149569,1133],{"class":206},[44,149571,72],{"class":58},[44,149573,488],{"class":206},[44,149575,72],{"class":58},[44,149577,524],{"class":206},[44,149579,100],{"class":58},[44,149581,149582,149584,149586,149588],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149583,136],{"class":135},[44,149585,121],{"class":58},[44,149587,232],{"class":117},[44,149589,100],{"class":58},[338,149591,56101],{"id":4958},[35,149593,149595],{"className":37,"code":149594,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149596,149597,149629],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149598,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609,149611,149613,149615,149617,149619,149621,149623,149625,149627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149600,51],{"class":50},[44,149602,55],{"class":54},[44,149604,59],{"class":58},[44,149606,63],{"class":62},[44,149608,67],{"class":66},[44,149610,63],{"class":62},[44,149612,72],{"class":58},[44,149614,75],{"class":62},[44,149616,87],{"class":66},[44,149618,63],{"class":62},[44,149620,72],{"class":58},[44,149622,75],{"class":62},[44,149624,78],{"class":66},[44,149626,63],{"class":62},[44,149628,100],{"class":58},[44,149630,149631,149633,149635,149637],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149632,136],{"class":135},[44,149634,121],{"class":58},[44,149636,734],{"class":117},[44,149638,100],{"class":58},[338,149640,149642],{"id":149641},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[35,149644,149646],{"className":37,"code":149645,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149647,149648,149672],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149649,149650,149652,149654,149656,149658,149660,149662,149664,149666,149668,149670],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149651,59105],{"class":50},[44,149653,55],{"class":54},[44,149655,59],{"class":58},[44,149657,1133],{"class":206},[44,149659,72],{"class":58},[44,149661,75],{"class":62},[44,149663,1209],{"class":66},[44,149665,63],{"class":62},[44,149667,72],{"class":58},[44,149669,3565],{"class":3502},[44,149671,100],{"class":58},[44,149673,149674,149676,149678,149680],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149675,136],{"class":135},[44,149677,121],{"class":58},[44,149679,59158],{"class":117},[44,149681,100],{"class":58},[338,149683,149685],{"id":149684},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149687,149688],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[35,149690,149692],{"className":37,"code":149691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149693,149694,149735],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149695,149696,149699,149701,149703,149705,149707,149709,149711,149713,149715,149717,149719,149721,149723,149725,149727,149729,149731,149733],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149697,149698],{"class":50},"nested ",[44,149700,55],{"class":54},[44,149702,59],{"class":58},[44,149704,1133],{"class":206},[44,149706,72],{"class":58},[44,149708,59],{"class":58},[44,149710,63],{"class":62},[44,149712,270],{"class":66},[44,149714,63],{"class":62},[44,149716,72],{"class":58},[44,149718,75],{"class":62},[44,149720,399],{"class":66},[44,149722,63],{"class":62},[44,149724,8884],{"class":58},[44,149726,3273],{"class":58},[44,149728,207],{"class":206},[44,149730,72],{"class":58},[44,149732,212],{"class":206},[44,149734,3538],{"class":58},[44,149736,149737,149739,149741,149744],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149738,136],{"class":135},[44,149740,121],{"class":58},[44,149742,149743],{"class":117},"nested",[44,149745,100],{"class":58},[20,149747,247],{},[35,149749,149751],{"className":37,"code":149750,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149752,149753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149754,149755,149757,149759,149761,149763,149765,149767,149769,149771,149773,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785,149787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149756,121],{"class":58},[44,149758,1133],{"class":206},[44,149760,72],{"class":58},[44,149762,59],{"class":58},[44,149764,2948],{"class":62},[44,149766,270],{"class":66},[44,149768,2948],{"class":62},[44,149770,72],{"class":58},[44,149772,2943],{"class":62},[44,149774,399],{"class":66},[44,149776,2948],{"class":62},[44,149778,8884],{"class":58},[44,149780,3273],{"class":58},[44,149782,207],{"class":206},[44,149784,72],{"class":58},[44,149786,212],{"class":206},[44,149788,3538],{"class":58},[30,149790,149792,149793],{"id":149791},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149794,37683],{},[20,149796,149797,149798,149800],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149799,37683],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149802,149803,149804,114],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[270,149805,62849],{"href":62848},[338,149807,104860],{"id":104859},[35,149809,149811],{"className":37,"code":149810,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149812,149813,149835],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823,149825,149827,149829,149831,149833],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149816,199],{"class":50},[44,149818,55],{"class":54},[44,149820,148954],{"class":2546},[44,149822,2631],{"class":58},[44,149824,1133],{"class":206},[44,149826,72],{"class":58},[44,149828,488],{"class":206},[44,149830,72],{"class":58},[44,149832,524],{"class":206},[44,149834,3538],{"class":58},[44,149836,149837,149839,149841,149843],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149838,136],{"class":135},[44,149840,121],{"class":58},[44,149842,232],{"class":117},[44,149844,100],{"class":58},[20,149846,247],{},[35,149848,149849],{"className":37,"code":149167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,149850,149851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149852,149853,149855,149857,149859,149861,149863,149865],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149854,121],{"class":58},[44,149856,1133],{"class":206},[44,149858,72],{"class":58},[44,149860,488],{"class":206},[44,149862,72],{"class":58},[44,149864,524],{"class":206},[44,149866,100],{"class":58},[338,149868,105046],{"id":105045},[35,149870,149872],{"className":37,"code":149871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149873,149874,149892],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149875,149876,149878,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149877,382],{"class":50},[44,149879,55],{"class":54},[44,149881,148954],{"class":2546},[44,149883,121],{"class":58},[44,149885,63],{"class":62},[44,149887,41196],{"class":66},[44,149889,63],{"class":62},[44,149891,100],{"class":58},[44,149893,149894,149896,149898,149900],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149895,136],{"class":135},[44,149897,121],{"class":58},[44,149899,444],{"class":117},[44,149901,100],{"class":58},[20,149903,247],{},[35,149905,149907],{"className":37,"code":149906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149908,149909],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149910,149911,149913,149915,149917,149919,149921,149923,149925,149927,149929,149931,149933,149935],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149912,121],{"class":58},[44,149914,2948],{"class":62},[44,149916,270],{"class":66},[44,149918,2948],{"class":62},[44,149920,72],{"class":58},[44,149922,2943],{"class":62},[44,149924,399],{"class":66},[44,149926,2948],{"class":62},[44,149928,72],{"class":58},[44,149930,2943],{"class":62},[44,149932,408],{"class":66},[44,149934,2948],{"class":62},[44,149936,100],{"class":58},[20,149938,149939],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[338,149941,149943],{"id":149942},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[35,149945,149947],{"className":37,"code":149946,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149948,149949,149967],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149950,149951,149953,149955,149957,149959,149961,149963,149965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149952,922],{"class":50},[44,149954,55],{"class":54},[44,149956,148954],{"class":2546},[44,149958,121],{"class":58},[44,149960,59631],{"class":135},[44,149962,121],{"class":58},[44,149964,1145],{"class":206},[44,149966,244],{"class":58},[44,149968,149969,149971,149973,149975],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,149970,136],{"class":135},[44,149972,121],{"class":58},[44,149974,962],{"class":117},[44,149976,100],{"class":58},[20,149978,247],{},[35,149980,149982],{"className":37,"code":149981,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149983,149984],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,149985,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,149987,121],{"class":58},[44,149989,186],{"class":206},[44,149991,72],{"class":58},[44,149993,519],{"class":206},[44,149995,72],{"class":58},[44,149997,488],{"class":206},[44,149999,72],{"class":58},[44,150001,524],{"class":206},[44,150003,100],{"class":58},[20,150005,150006],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[30,150008,20443],{"id":20442},[169,150010,150011,150014,150017,150020],{},[172,150012,150013],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[172,150015,150016],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[172,150018,150019],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[172,150021,150022],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150024,150025,150026,114],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[270,150027,150029],{"href":150028},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[30,150031,1299],{"id":1298},[20,150033,150034],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[338,150036,150038],{"id":150037},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150040,150041],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[35,150043,150045],{"className":37,"code":150044,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150046,150047,150063],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150048,150049,150051,150053,150055,150057,150059,150061],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150050,28177],{"class":50},[44,150052,55],{"class":54},[44,150054,59],{"class":58},[44,150056,63],{"class":62},[44,150058,1209],{"class":66},[44,150060,63],{"class":62},[44,150062,100],{"class":58},[44,150064,150065,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150066,136],{"class":135},[44,150068,121],{"class":58},[44,150070,2868],{"class":2546},[44,150072,121],{"class":58},[44,150074,22950],{"class":117},[44,150076,244],{"class":58},[20,150078,150079],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[35,150081,150083],{"className":37,"code":150082,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150084,150085,150101],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150086,150087,150089,150091,150093,150095,150097,150099],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150088,28177],{"class":50},[44,150090,55],{"class":54},[44,150092,59],{"class":58},[44,150094,63],{"class":62},[44,150096,1209],{"class":66},[44,150098,63],{"class":62},[44,150100,148944],{"class":58},[44,150102,150103,150105,150107,150109,150111,150113],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150104,136],{"class":135},[44,150106,121],{"class":58},[44,150108,2868],{"class":2546},[44,150110,121],{"class":58},[44,150112,22950],{"class":117},[44,150114,244],{"class":58},[338,150116,150118],{"id":150117},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150120,150121],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[35,150123,150125],{"className":37,"code":150124,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150126,150127,150147],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150128,150129,150131,150133,150135,150137,150139,150141,150143,150145],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150130,922],{"class":50},[44,150132,55],{"class":54},[44,150134,3273],{"class":58},[44,150136,1133],{"class":206},[44,150138,72],{"class":58},[44,150140,488],{"class":206},[44,150142,72],{"class":58},[44,150144,524],{"class":206},[44,150146,3286],{"class":58},[44,150148,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150150,136],{"class":135},[44,150152,121],{"class":58},[44,150154,2868],{"class":2546},[44,150156,121],{"class":58},[44,150158,962],{"class":117},[44,150160,244],{"class":58},[20,150162,150163],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[35,150165,150167],{"className":37,"code":150166,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150168,150169,150189],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150170,150171,150173,150175,150177,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150172,922],{"class":50},[44,150174,55],{"class":54},[44,150176,59],{"class":58},[44,150178,1133],{"class":206},[44,150180,72],{"class":58},[44,150182,488],{"class":206},[44,150184,72],{"class":58},[44,150186,524],{"class":206},[44,150188,100],{"class":58},[44,150190,150191,150193,150195,150197,150199,150201],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150192,136],{"class":135},[44,150194,121],{"class":58},[44,150196,2868],{"class":2546},[44,150198,121],{"class":58},[44,150200,962],{"class":117},[44,150202,244],{"class":58},[338,150204,150206],{"id":150205},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150208,150019],{},[35,150210,150212],{"className":37,"code":150211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150213,150214,150234],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150215,150216,150218,150220,150222,150224,150226,150228,150230,150232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150217,199],{"class":50},[44,150219,55],{"class":54},[44,150221,59],{"class":58},[44,150223,1133],{"class":206},[44,150225,72],{"class":58},[44,150227,488],{"class":206},[44,150229,72],{"class":58},[44,150231,524],{"class":206},[44,150233,100],{"class":58},[44,150235,150236],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150237,150238],{"class":147},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150240,150241],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[338,150243,1330,150245,150248],{"id":150244},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150246,150247],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150250,64275],{},[35,150252,150253],{"className":37,"code":149871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150254,150255,150273],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150256,150257,150259,150261,150263,150265,150267,150269,150271],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150258,382],{"class":50},[44,150260,55],{"class":54},[44,150262,148954],{"class":2546},[44,150264,121],{"class":58},[44,150266,63],{"class":62},[44,150268,41196],{"class":66},[44,150270,63],{"class":62},[44,150272,100],{"class":58},[44,150274,150275,150277,150279,150281],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150276,136],{"class":135},[44,150278,121],{"class":58},[44,150280,444],{"class":117},[44,150282,100],{"class":58},[20,150284,150285],{},"gives:",[35,150287,150288],{"className":37,"code":149906,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150289,150290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150291,150292,150294,150296,150298,150300,150302,150304,150306,150308,150310,150312,150314,150316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150293,121],{"class":58},[44,150295,2948],{"class":62},[44,150297,270],{"class":66},[44,150299,2948],{"class":62},[44,150301,72],{"class":58},[44,150303,2943],{"class":62},[44,150305,399],{"class":66},[44,150307,2948],{"class":62},[44,150309,72],{"class":58},[44,150311,2943],{"class":62},[44,150313,408],{"class":66},[44,150315,2948],{"class":62},[44,150317,100],{"class":58},[20,150319,150320],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[35,150322,150324],{"className":37,"code":150323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150325,150326,150342],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150327,150328,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150329,5802],{"class":50},[44,150331,55],{"class":54},[44,150333,59],{"class":58},[44,150335,63],{"class":62},[44,150337,41196],{"class":66},[44,150339,63],{"class":62},[44,150341,148944],{"class":58},[44,150343,150344,150346,150348,150350],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150345,136],{"class":135},[44,150347,121],{"class":58},[44,150349,38028],{"class":117},[44,150351,100],{"class":58},[20,150353,247],{},[35,150355,150357],{"className":37,"code":150356,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('abc',)\n",[15,150358,150359],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150360,150361,150363,150365,150367,150369],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150362,121],{"class":58},[44,150364,2948],{"class":62},[44,150366,41196],{"class":66},[44,150368,2948],{"class":62},[44,150370,148944],{"class":58},[338,150372,150374],{"id":150373},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150376,150377],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[35,150379,150381],{"className":37,"code":150380,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150382,150383,150400,150404,150414,150428],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150384,150385,150388,150390,150392,150394,150396,150398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150386,150387],{"class":50},"my_tuple ",[44,150389,55],{"class":54},[44,150391,59],{"class":58},[44,150393,63],{"class":62},[44,150395,1209],{"class":66},[44,150397,63],{"class":62},[44,150399,148944],{"class":58},[44,150401,150402],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150403,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,150405,150406,150408,150410,150412],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,150407,136],{"class":135},[44,150409,121],{"class":58},[44,150411,1354],{"class":117},[44,150413,100],{"class":58},[44,150415,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,150417,136],{"class":135},[44,150419,121],{"class":58},[44,150421,2868],{"class":2546},[44,150423,121],{"class":58},[44,150425,1354],{"class":117},[44,150427,244],{"class":58},[44,150429,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,150431,136],{"class":135},[44,150433,121],{"class":58},[44,150435,1365],{"class":135},[44,150437,121],{"class":58},[44,150439,1354],{"class":117},[44,150441,244],{"class":58},[30,150443,1497],{"id":1496},[338,150445,150447],{"id":150446},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150449,150450,150451,150454],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150452,150453],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[338,150456,150458],{"id":150457},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150460,150461],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[338,150463,150465],{"id":150464},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150467,150468],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[338,150470,150472],{"id":150471},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150474,150475],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[338,150477,1501,150479,1504],{"id":150478},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150480,150247],{},[20,150482,4796,150483,150486],{},[15,150484,150485],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[30,150488,1554],{"id":1553},[169,150490,150491,150495,150499,150505,150510,150514,150518],{},[172,150492,150493],{},[270,150494,147594],{"href":147593},[172,150496,150497],{},[270,150498,676],{"href":149260},[172,150500,150501],{},[270,150502,150504],{"href":150503},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[172,150506,150507],{},[270,150508,150509],{"href":148827},"Python tuple length with len()",[172,150511,150512],{},[270,150513,1581],{"href":148891},[172,150515,150516],{},[270,150517,62849],{"href":62848},[172,150519,150520],{},[270,150521,150522],{"href":150028},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1583,150524,150525],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":150527},[150528,150529,150530,150531,150532,150533,150539,150545,150546,150554,150562],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":14810,"depth":103,"text":14811},{"id":149120,"depth":103,"text":149121},{"id":149263,"depth":103,"text":149264},{"id":149356,"depth":103,"text":149357},{"id":149549,"depth":103,"text":149550,"children":150534},[150535,150536,150537,150538],{"id":232,"depth":132,"text":56098},{"id":4958,"depth":132,"text":56101},{"id":149641,"depth":132,"text":149642},{"id":149684,"depth":132,"text":149685},{"id":149791,"depth":103,"text":150540,"children":150541},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150542,150543,150544],{"id":104859,"depth":132,"text":104860},{"id":105045,"depth":132,"text":105046},{"id":149942,"depth":132,"text":149943},{"id":20442,"depth":103,"text":20443},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":150547},[150548,150549,150550,150551,150553],{"id":150037,"depth":132,"text":150038},{"id":150117,"depth":132,"text":150118},{"id":150205,"depth":132,"text":150206},{"id":150244,"depth":132,"text":150552},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150373,"depth":132,"text":150374},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":150555},[150556,150557,150558,150559,150560],{"id":150446,"depth":132,"text":150447},{"id":150457,"depth":132,"text":150458},{"id":150464,"depth":132,"text":150465},{"id":150471,"depth":132,"text":150472},{"id":150478,"depth":132,"text":150561},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":148877,"description":150563},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150569,"title":150570,"body":150571,"description":152115,"extension":1616,"meta":152116,"navigation":434,"path":152117,"seo":152118,"stem":152119,"__hash__":152120},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150572,"toc":152085},[150573,150576,150581,150583,150596,150602,150604,150671,150673,150708,150713,150717,150721,150723,150734,150741,150743,150745,150766,150768,150788,150791,150793,150798,150841,150843,150865,150868,150881,150885,150889,150892,150945,150947,150968,150973,150977,150980,151025,151027,151060,151072,151076,151084,151121,151123,151152,151156,151159,151212,151214,151234,151241,151245,151250,151319,151321,151346,151350,151353,151359,151436,151438,151497,151499,151511,151516,151520,151524,151538,151540,151575,151577,151594,151597,151610,151614,151618,151629,151634,151649,151652,151655,151657,151660,151664,151666,151680,151682,151706,151711,151715,151718,151737,151740,151789,151794,151811,151814,151847,151851,151853,151904,151907,151932,151935,151958,151962,151968,151970,152005,152008,152013,152015,152019,152022,152026,152031,152035,152038,152042,152045,152049,152054,152056,152082],[10,150574,150570],{"id":150575},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150577,8773,150578,150580],{},[15,150579,37683],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150582,82205],{},[169,150584,150585,150590],{},[172,150586,150587,150589],{},[15,150588,37683],{}," creates an empty tuple",[172,150591,150592,150595],{},[15,150593,150594],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150597,150598,150599,150601],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150600,37683],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[30,150603,33],{"id":32},[35,150605,150607],{"className":37,"code":150606,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150608,150609,150629,150643,150647,150657],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150610,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623,150625,150627],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150612,199],{"class":50},[44,150614,55],{"class":54},[44,150616,3273],{"class":58},[44,150618,1133],{"class":206},[44,150620,72],{"class":58},[44,150622,488],{"class":206},[44,150624,72],{"class":58},[44,150626,524],{"class":206},[44,150628,3286],{"class":58},[44,150630,150631,150633,150635,150637,150639,150641],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150632,604],{"class":50},[44,150634,55],{"class":54},[44,150636,148954],{"class":2546},[44,150638,121],{"class":58},[44,150640,232],{"class":117},[44,150642,100],{"class":58},[44,150644,150645],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,150646,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,150648,150649,150651,150653,150655],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,150650,136],{"class":135},[44,150652,121],{"class":58},[44,150654,632],{"class":117},[44,150656,100],{"class":58},[44,150658,150659,150661,150663,150665,150667,150669],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,150660,136],{"class":135},[44,150662,121],{"class":58},[44,150664,2868],{"class":2546},[44,150666,121],{"class":58},[44,150668,632],{"class":117},[44,150670,244],{"class":58},[20,150672,247],{},[35,150674,150676],{"className":37,"code":150675,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150677,150678,150694],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150679,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688,150690,150692],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150681,121],{"class":58},[44,150683,1133],{"class":206},[44,150685,72],{"class":58},[44,150687,488],{"class":206},[44,150689,72],{"class":58},[44,150691,524],{"class":206},[44,150693,100],{"class":58},[44,150695,150696,150698,150700,150702,150704,150706],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150697,2937],{"class":54},[44,150699,2940],{"class":1716},[44,150701,2943],{"class":62},[44,150703,48591],{"class":66},[44,150705,2948],{"class":62},[44,150707,2951],{"class":54},[20,150709,651,150710,150712],{},[15,150711,150594],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[30,150714,150716],{"id":150715},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150718,150719,62557],{},[15,150720,37683],{},[20,150722,48565],{},[169,150724,150725,150728,150731],{},[172,150726,150727],{},"creates a tuple object",[172,150729,150730],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[172,150732,150733],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150735,268,150736,150738,150739,114],{},[270,150737,148892],{"href":148891}," or the full guide to ",[270,150740,147594],{"href":147593},[30,150742,277],{"id":276},[20,150744,26127],{},[35,150746,150748],{"className":37,"code":150747,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150749,150750,150756],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150751,150752,150754],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150753,48591],{"class":2546},[44,150755,8292],{"class":58},[44,150757,150758,150760,150762,150764],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150759,48591],{"class":2546},[44,150761,121],{"class":58},[44,150763,3370],{"class":117},[44,150765,100],{"class":58},[20,150767,11107],{},[169,150769,150770,150773],{},[172,150771,150772],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[172,150774,150775,150776],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[169,150777,150778,150780,150782,150784,150786],{},[172,150779,4949],{},[172,150781,4958],{},[172,150783,62628],{},[172,150785,4955],{},[172,150787,6900],{},[20,150789,150790],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[30,150792,149264],{"id":149263},[20,150794,29289,150795,150797],{},[15,150796,37683],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[35,150799,150801],{"className":37,"code":150800,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150802,150803,150813,150817,150827],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150804,150805,150807,150809,150811],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150806,124461],{"class":50},[44,150808,55],{"class":54},[44,150810,148954],{"class":2546},[44,150812,8292],{"class":58},[44,150814,150815],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150816,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,150818,150819,150821,150823,150825],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,150820,136],{"class":135},[44,150822,121],{"class":58},[44,150824,124512],{"class":117},[44,150826,100],{"class":58},[44,150828,150829,150831,150833,150835,150837,150839],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,150830,136],{"class":135},[44,150832,121],{"class":58},[44,150834,2868],{"class":2546},[44,150836,121],{"class":58},[44,150838,124512],{"class":117},[44,150840,244],{"class":58},[20,150842,247],{},[35,150844,150845],{"className":37,"code":149309,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,150846,150847,150851],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150848,150849],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150850,8292],{"class":58},[44,150852,150853,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150854,2937],{"class":54},[44,150856,2940],{"class":1716},[44,150858,2943],{"class":62},[44,150860,48591],{"class":66},[44,150862,2948],{"class":62},[44,150864,2951],{"class":54},[20,150866,150867],{},"This is equivalent to:",[35,150869,150871],{"className":37,"code":150870,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty = ()\n",[15,150872,150873],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150874,150875,150877,150879],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150876,124461],{"class":50},[44,150878,55],{"class":54},[44,150880,148930],{"class":58},[30,150882,150884],{"id":150883},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[338,150886,150888],{"id":150887},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150890,150891],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[35,150893,150895],{"className":37,"code":150894,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150896,150897,150917,150931,150935],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150898,150899,150901,150903,150905,150907,150909,150911,150913,150915],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150900,199],{"class":50},[44,150902,55],{"class":54},[44,150904,3273],{"class":58},[44,150906,207],{"class":206},[44,150908,72],{"class":58},[44,150910,212],{"class":206},[44,150912,72],{"class":58},[44,150914,217],{"class":206},[44,150916,3286],{"class":58},[44,150918,150919,150921,150923,150925,150927,150929],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,150920,604],{"class":50},[44,150922,55],{"class":54},[44,150924,148954],{"class":2546},[44,150926,121],{"class":58},[44,150928,232],{"class":117},[44,150930,100],{"class":58},[44,150932,150933],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,150934,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,150936,150937,150939,150941,150943],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,150938,136],{"class":135},[44,150940,121],{"class":58},[44,150942,632],{"class":117},[44,150944,100],{"class":58},[20,150946,247],{},[35,150948,150950],{"className":37,"code":150949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150951,150952],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150953,150954,150956,150958,150960,150962,150964,150966],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150955,121],{"class":58},[44,150957,207],{"class":206},[44,150959,72],{"class":58},[44,150961,212],{"class":206},[44,150963,72],{"class":58},[44,150965,217],{"class":206},[44,150967,100],{"class":58},[20,150969,150970,150971,114],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[270,150972,104665],{"href":59688},[338,150974,150976],{"id":150975},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150978,150979],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[35,150981,150983],{"className":37,"code":150982,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150984,150985,150997,151011,151015],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,150986,150987,150989,150991,150993,150995],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,150988,34329],{"class":50},[44,150990,55],{"class":54},[44,150992,75],{"class":62},[44,150994,569],{"class":66},[44,150996,3007],{"class":62},[44,150998,150999,151001,151003,151005,151007,151009],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151000,604],{"class":50},[44,151002,55],{"class":54},[44,151004,148954],{"class":2546},[44,151006,121],{"class":58},[44,151008,34350],{"class":117},[44,151010,100],{"class":58},[44,151012,151013],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151014,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,151016,151017,151019,151021,151023],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,151018,136],{"class":135},[44,151020,121],{"class":58},[44,151022,632],{"class":117},[44,151024,100],{"class":58},[20,151026,247],{},[35,151028,151030],{"className":37,"code":151029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151031,151032],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151033,151034,151036,151038,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050,151052,151054,151056,151058],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151035,121],{"class":58},[44,151037,2948],{"class":62},[44,151039,408],{"class":66},[44,151041,2948],{"class":62},[44,151043,72],{"class":58},[44,151045,2943],{"class":62},[44,151047,270],{"class":66},[44,151049,2948],{"class":62},[44,151051,72],{"class":58},[44,151053,2943],{"class":62},[44,151055,62918],{"class":66},[44,151057,2948],{"class":62},[44,151059,100],{"class":58},[20,151061,151062,151063,13702,151066,151068,151069,114],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151064,151065],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[367,151067,881],{}," create ",[15,151070,151071],{},"('cat',)",[338,151073,151075],{"id":151074},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151077,151078,151080,151081,151083],{},[15,151079,35837],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151082,37683],{}," collects them all.",[35,151085,151087],{"className":37,"code":151086,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151088,151089,151107,151111],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151090,151091,151093,151095,151097,151099,151101,151103,151105],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151092,604],{"class":50},[44,151094,55],{"class":54},[44,151096,148954],{"class":2546},[44,151098,121],{"class":58},[44,151100,59631],{"class":135},[44,151102,121],{"class":58},[44,151104,929],{"class":206},[44,151106,244],{"class":58},[44,151108,151109],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151110,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,151112,151113,151115,151117,151119],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151114,136],{"class":135},[44,151116,121],{"class":58},[44,151118,632],{"class":117},[44,151120,100],{"class":58},[20,151122,247],{},[35,151124,151126],{"className":37,"code":151125,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151127,151128],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151129,151130,151132,151134,151136,151138,151140,151142,151144,151146,151148,151150],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151131,121],{"class":58},[44,151133,186],{"class":206},[44,151135,72],{"class":58},[44,151137,519],{"class":206},[44,151139,72],{"class":58},[44,151141,488],{"class":206},[44,151143,72],{"class":58},[44,151145,524],{"class":206},[44,151147,72],{"class":58},[44,151149,1114],{"class":206},[44,151151,100],{"class":58},[338,151153,151155],{"id":151154},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151157,151158],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[35,151160,151162],{"className":37,"code":151161,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151163,151164,151184,151198,151202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151165,151166,151168,151170,151172,151174,151176,151178,151180,151182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151167,922],{"class":50},[44,151169,55],{"class":54},[44,151171,10141],{"class":58},[44,151173,1133],{"class":206},[44,151175,72],{"class":58},[44,151177,488],{"class":206},[44,151179,72],{"class":58},[44,151181,524],{"class":206},[44,151183,8959],{"class":58},[44,151185,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151187,604],{"class":50},[44,151189,55],{"class":54},[44,151191,148954],{"class":2546},[44,151193,121],{"class":58},[44,151195,962],{"class":117},[44,151197,100],{"class":58},[44,151199,151200],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151201,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,151203,151204,151206,151208,151210],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,151205,136],{"class":135},[44,151207,121],{"class":58},[44,151209,632],{"class":117},[44,151211,100],{"class":58},[20,151213,247],{},[35,151215,151216],{"className":37,"code":149167,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151217,151218],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151219,151220,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151221,121],{"class":58},[44,151223,1133],{"class":206},[44,151225,72],{"class":58},[44,151227,488],{"class":206},[44,151229,72],{"class":58},[44,151231,524],{"class":206},[44,151233,100],{"class":58},[20,151235,151236,151237,114],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[270,151238,151240],{"href":151239},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[338,151242,151244],{"id":151243},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151246,63171,151247,151249],{},[15,151248,37683],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[35,151251,151253],{"className":37,"code":151252,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151254,151255,151291,151305,151309],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151256,151257,151259,151261,151263,151265,151267,151269,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279,151281,151283,151285,151287,151289],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151258,12852],{"class":50},[44,151260,55],{"class":54},[44,151262,10141],{"class":58},[44,151264,63],{"class":62},[44,151266,7318],{"class":66},[44,151268,63],{"class":62},[44,151270,1155],{"class":58},[44,151272,75],{"class":62},[44,151274,12531],{"class":66},[44,151276,63],{"class":62},[44,151278,72],{"class":58},[44,151280,75],{"class":62},[44,151282,8949],{"class":66},[44,151284,63],{"class":62},[44,151286,1155],{"class":58},[44,151288,8956],{"class":206},[44,151290,8959],{"class":58},[44,151292,151293,151295,151297,151299,151301,151303],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151294,604],{"class":50},[44,151296,55],{"class":54},[44,151298,148954],{"class":2546},[44,151300,121],{"class":58},[44,151302,16953],{"class":117},[44,151304,100],{"class":58},[44,151306,151307],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151308,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,151310,151311,151313,151315,151317],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,151312,136],{"class":135},[44,151314,121],{"class":58},[44,151316,632],{"class":117},[44,151318,100],{"class":58},[20,151320,29669],{},[35,151322,151324],{"className":37,"code":151323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151325,151326],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151327,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342,151344],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151329,121],{"class":58},[44,151331,2948],{"class":62},[44,151333,7318],{"class":66},[44,151335,2948],{"class":62},[44,151337,72],{"class":58},[44,151339,2943],{"class":62},[44,151341,8949],{"class":66},[44,151343,2948],{"class":62},[44,151345,100],{"class":58},[30,151347,151349],{"id":151348},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151351,151352],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151354,151355,151358],{},[15,151356,151357],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[35,151360,151362],{"className":37,"code":151361,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151363,151364,151400,151404,151418],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151365,151366,151368,151370,151372,151374,151376,151378,151380,151382,151384,151386,151388,151390,151392,151394,151396,151398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151367,12852],{"class":50},[44,151369,55],{"class":54},[44,151371,10141],{"class":58},[44,151373,63],{"class":62},[44,151375,7318],{"class":66},[44,151377,63],{"class":62},[44,151379,1155],{"class":58},[44,151381,75],{"class":62},[44,151383,12531],{"class":66},[44,151385,63],{"class":62},[44,151387,72],{"class":58},[44,151389,75],{"class":62},[44,151391,8949],{"class":66},[44,151393,63],{"class":62},[44,151395,1155],{"class":58},[44,151397,8956],{"class":206},[44,151399,8959],{"class":58},[44,151401,151402],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151403,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,151405,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,151407,136],{"class":135},[44,151409,121],{"class":58},[44,151411,48591],{"class":2546},[44,151413,121],{"class":58},[44,151415,16953],{"class":117},[44,151417,244],{"class":58},[44,151419,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,151421,136],{"class":135},[44,151423,121],{"class":58},[44,151425,48591],{"class":2546},[44,151427,121],{"class":58},[44,151429,16953],{"class":117},[44,151431,114],{"class":58},[44,151433,7458],{"class":117},[44,151435,5938],{"class":58},[20,151437,247],{},[35,151439,151441],{"className":37,"code":151440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151442,151443,151463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151444,151445,151447,151449,151451,151453,151455,151457,151459,151461],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151446,121],{"class":58},[44,151448,2948],{"class":62},[44,151450,7318],{"class":66},[44,151452,2948],{"class":62},[44,151454,72],{"class":58},[44,151456,2943],{"class":62},[44,151458,8949],{"class":66},[44,151460,2948],{"class":62},[44,151462,100],{"class":58},[44,151464,151465,151467,151469,151471,151473,151475,151477,151479,151481,151483,151485,151487,151489,151491,151493,151495],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151466,5158],{"class":58},[44,151468,2948],{"class":62},[44,151470,7318],{"class":66},[44,151472,2948],{"class":62},[44,151474,72],{"class":58},[44,151476,2943],{"class":62},[44,151478,12531],{"class":66},[44,151480,2948],{"class":62},[44,151482,8884],{"class":58},[44,151484,59],{"class":58},[44,151486,2948],{"class":62},[44,151488,8949],{"class":66},[44,151490,2948],{"class":62},[44,151492,72],{"class":58},[44,151494,8956],{"class":206},[44,151496,244],{"class":58},[20,151498,18338],{},[169,151500,151501,151506],{},[172,151502,151503,151505],{},[15,151504,151357],{}," for keys",[172,151507,151508,32198],{},[15,151509,151510],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151512,151513,151514,114],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[270,151515,63181],{"href":63180},[30,151517,151519],{"id":151518},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151521,151522,17962],{},[15,151523,37683],{},[169,151525,151526,151529,151532,151535],{},[172,151527,151528],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[172,151530,151531],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[172,151533,151534],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[172,151536,151537],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151539,189],{},[35,151541,151543],{"className":37,"code":151542,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151544,151545,151564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151546,151547,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558,151560,151562],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151548,151549],{"class":50},"coordinates ",[44,151551,55],{"class":54},[44,151553,148954],{"class":2546},[44,151555,2631],{"class":58},[44,151557,1145],{"class":206},[44,151559,72],{"class":58},[44,151561,5642],{"class":206},[44,151563,3538],{"class":58},[44,151565,151566,151568,151570,151573],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151567,136],{"class":135},[44,151569,121],{"class":58},[44,151571,151572],{"class":117},"coordinates",[44,151574,100],{"class":58},[20,151576,247],{},[35,151578,151580],{"className":37,"code":151579,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151581,151582],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151583,151584,151586,151588,151590,151592],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151585,121],{"class":58},[44,151587,1145],{"class":206},[44,151589,72],{"class":58},[44,151591,5642],{"class":206},[44,151593,100],{"class":58},[20,151595,151596],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[169,151598,151599,151601,151604,151607],{},[172,151600,151572],{},[172,151602,151603],{},"RGB colors",[172,151605,151606],{},"dates",[172,151608,151609],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[30,151611,151613],{"id":151612},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151615,44066,151616,654],{},[15,151617,37683],{},[169,151619,151620,151623,151626],{},[172,151621,151622],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[172,151624,151625],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[172,151627,151628],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151630,116088,151631,151633],{},[367,151632,881],{}," work:",[35,151635,151637],{"className":37,"code":151636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151638,151639],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151640,151641,151643,151645,151647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151642,48591],{"class":2546},[44,151644,121],{"class":58},[44,151646,929],{"class":206},[44,151648,100],{"class":58},[20,151650,151651],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151653,151654],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[30,151656,114926],{"id":114925},[20,151658,151659],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[338,151661,151663],{"id":151662},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151665,2480],{},[35,151667,151668],{"className":37,"code":151636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151669,151670],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151671,151672,151674,151676,151678],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151673,48591],{"class":2546},[44,151675,121],{"class":58},[44,151677,929],{"class":206},[44,151679,100],{"class":58},[20,151681,29320],{},[35,151683,151684],{"className":37,"code":63285,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,151685,151686],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151687,151688,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700,151702,151704],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151689,2650],{"class":2546},[44,151691,1155],{"class":58},[44,151693,2943],{"class":62},[44,151695,1837],{"class":66},[44,151697,2948],{"class":62},[44,151699,24257],{"class":2546},[44,151701,7745],{"class":54},[44,151703,7748],{"class":54},[44,151705,63308],{"class":50},[20,151707,151708,151709,114],{},"If you see this, read ",[270,151710,61922],{"href":52236},[338,151712,151714],{"id":151713},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151716,151717],{},"This code:",[35,151719,151721],{"className":37,"code":151720,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151722,151723],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151724,151725,151727,151729,151731,151733,151735],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151726,48591],{"class":2546},[44,151728,121],{"class":58},[44,151730,63],{"class":62},[44,151732,3495],{"class":66},[44,151734,63],{"class":62},[44,151736,100],{"class":58},[20,151738,151739],{},"returns:",[35,151741,151743],{"className":37,"code":151742,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151744,151745],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151746,151747,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779,151781,151783,151785,151787],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151748,121],{"class":58},[44,151750,2948],{"class":62},[44,151752,60071],{"class":66},[44,151754,2948],{"class":62},[44,151756,72],{"class":58},[44,151758,2943],{"class":62},[44,151760,60080],{"class":66},[44,151762,2948],{"class":62},[44,151764,72],{"class":58},[44,151766,2943],{"class":62},[44,151768,60089],{"class":66},[44,151770,2948],{"class":62},[44,151772,72],{"class":58},[44,151774,2943],{"class":62},[44,151776,60089],{"class":66},[44,151778,2948],{"class":62},[44,151780,72],{"class":58},[44,151782,2943],{"class":62},[44,151784,60106],{"class":66},[44,151786,2948],{"class":62},[44,151788,100],{"class":58},[20,151790,40542,151791,151793],{},[367,151792,881],{}," return:",[35,151795,151797],{"className":37,"code":151796,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('hello',)\n",[15,151798,151799],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151800,151801,151803,151805,151807,151809],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151802,121],{"class":58},[44,151804,2948],{"class":62},[44,151806,3495],{"class":66},[44,151808,2948],{"class":62},[44,151810,148944],{"class":58},[20,151812,151813],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[35,151815,151817],{"className":37,"code":151816,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151818,151819,151836],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151820,151821,151824,151826,151828,151830,151832,151834],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151822,151823],{"class":50},"single ",[44,151825,55],{"class":54},[44,151827,59],{"class":58},[44,151829,63],{"class":62},[44,151831,3495],{"class":66},[44,151833,63],{"class":62},[44,151835,148944],{"class":58},[44,151837,151838,151840,151842,151845],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151839,136],{"class":135},[44,151841,121],{"class":58},[44,151843,151844],{"class":117},"single",[44,151846,100],{"class":58},[338,151848,151850],{"id":151849},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151852,151717],{},[35,151854,151856],{"className":37,"code":151855,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151857,151858,151890],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151859,151860,151862,151864,151866,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876,151878,151880,151882,151884,151886,151888],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151861,8816],{"class":50},[44,151863,55],{"class":54},[44,151865,10141],{"class":58},[44,151867,63],{"class":62},[44,151869,270],{"class":66},[44,151871,63],{"class":62},[44,151873,1155],{"class":58},[44,151875,519],{"class":206},[44,151877,72],{"class":58},[44,151879,75],{"class":62},[44,151881,399],{"class":66},[44,151883,63],{"class":62},[44,151885,1155],{"class":58},[44,151887,488],{"class":206},[44,151889,8959],{"class":58},[44,151891,151892,151894,151896,151898,151900,151902],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151893,136],{"class":135},[44,151895,121],{"class":58},[44,151897,48591],{"class":2546},[44,151899,121],{"class":58},[44,151901,8855],{"class":117},[44,151903,244],{"class":58},[20,151905,151906],{},"returns only the keys:",[35,151908,151910],{"className":37,"code":151909,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151911,151912],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151913,151914,151916,151918,151920,151922,151924,151926,151928,151930],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151915,121],{"class":58},[44,151917,2948],{"class":62},[44,151919,270],{"class":66},[44,151921,2948],{"class":62},[44,151923,72],{"class":58},[44,151925,2943],{"class":62},[44,151927,399],{"class":66},[44,151929,2948],{"class":62},[44,151931,100],{"class":58},[20,151933,151934],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[35,151936,151938],{"className":37,"code":151937,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151939,151940],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151941,151942,151944,151946,151948,151950,151952,151954,151956],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151943,136],{"class":135},[44,151945,121],{"class":58},[44,151947,48591],{"class":2546},[44,151949,121],{"class":58},[44,151951,8855],{"class":117},[44,151953,114],{"class":58},[44,151955,7458],{"class":117},[44,151957,5938],{"class":58},[338,151959,151961],{"id":151960},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151963,151964,151965,151967],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151966,37683],{}," conversion.",[20,151969,5120],{},[35,151971,151973],{"className":37,"code":151972,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151974,151975,151995],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,151976,151977,151979,151981,151983,151985,151987,151989,151991,151993],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,151978,1380],{"class":50},[44,151980,55],{"class":54},[44,151982,59],{"class":58},[44,151984,1133],{"class":206},[44,151986,72],{"class":58},[44,151988,488],{"class":206},[44,151990,72],{"class":58},[44,151992,524],{"class":206},[44,151994,100],{"class":58},[44,151996,151997,151999,152001,152003],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,151998,136],{"class":135},[44,152000,121],{"class":58},[44,152002,302],{"class":117},[44,152004,100],{"class":58},[20,152006,152007],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152009,25146,152010,152012],{},[15,152011,37683],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[30,152014,1497],{"id":1496},[338,152016,152018],{"id":152017},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152020,152021],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[338,152023,152025],{"id":152024},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152027,152028,152029,114],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152030,7015],{},[338,152032,152034],{"id":152033},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152036,152037],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[338,152039,152041],{"id":152040},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152043,152044],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[338,152046,152048],{"id":152047},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152050,152051,152052,114],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152053,2650],{},[30,152055,1554],{"id":1553},[169,152057,152058,152062,152066,152070,152074,152078],{},[172,152059,152060],{},[270,152061,147594],{"href":147593},[172,152063,152064],{},[270,152065,1581],{"href":148891},[172,152067,152068],{},[270,152069,104665],{"href":59688},[172,152071,152072],{},[270,152073,151240],{"href":151239},[172,152075,152076],{},[270,152077,63181],{"href":63180},[172,152079,152080],{},[270,152081,61922],{"href":52236},[1583,152083,152084],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":152086},[152087,152088,152089,152090,152091,152098,152099,152100,152101,152107,152114],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":150715,"depth":103,"text":150716},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":149263,"depth":103,"text":149264},{"id":150883,"depth":103,"text":150884,"children":152092},[152093,152094,152095,152096,152097],{"id":150887,"depth":132,"text":150888},{"id":150975,"depth":132,"text":150976},{"id":151074,"depth":132,"text":151075},{"id":151154,"depth":132,"text":151155},{"id":151243,"depth":132,"text":151244},{"id":151348,"depth":103,"text":151349},{"id":151518,"depth":103,"text":151519},{"id":151612,"depth":103,"text":151613},{"id":114925,"depth":103,"text":114926,"children":152102},[152103,152104,152105,152106],{"id":151662,"depth":132,"text":151663},{"id":151713,"depth":132,"text":151714},{"id":151849,"depth":132,"text":151850},{"id":151960,"depth":132,"text":151961},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":152108},[152109,152110,152111,152112,152113],{"id":152017,"depth":132,"text":152018},{"id":152024,"depth":132,"text":152025},{"id":152033,"depth":132,"text":152034},{"id":152040,"depth":132,"text":152041},{"id":152047,"depth":132,"text":152048},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150570,"description":152115},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":152122,"description":1615,"extension":1616,"meta":153439,"navigation":434,"path":1618,"seo":153440,"stem":1620,"__hash__":1621},{"type":7,"value":152123,"toc":153414},[152124,152128,152132,152134,152136,152214,152218,152222,152226,152238,152240,152286,152288,152296,152302,152306,152308,152312,152330,152332,152358,152360,152380,152382,152522,152524,152528,152534,152536,152538,152614,152616,152624,152626,152630,152638,152644,152646,152650,152652,152710,152714,152716,152814,152816,152828,152832,152838,152844,152846,152848,152956,152958,152972,152974,153036,153038,153046,153056,153058,153062,153084,153086,153166,153168,153178,153180,153184,153206,153208,153210,153288,153294,153296,153350,153352,153356,153358,153360,153364,153366,153370,153372,153378,153384,153386,153388,153412],[10,152125,13,152126,18],{"id":12},[15,152127,17],{},[20,152129,152130,25],{},[15,152131,24],{},[20,152133,28],{},[30,152135,33],{"id":32},[35,152137,152138],{"className":37,"code":38,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152139,152140,152180,152202],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152141,152142,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172,152174,152176,152178],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152143,51],{"class":50},[44,152145,55],{"class":54},[44,152147,59],{"class":58},[44,152149,63],{"class":62},[44,152151,67],{"class":66},[44,152153,63],{"class":62},[44,152155,72],{"class":58},[44,152157,75],{"class":62},[44,152159,78],{"class":66},[44,152161,63],{"class":62},[44,152163,72],{"class":58},[44,152165,75],{"class":62},[44,152167,87],{"class":66},[44,152169,63],{"class":62},[44,152171,72],{"class":58},[44,152173,75],{"class":62},[44,152175,78],{"class":66},[44,152177,63],{"class":62},[44,152179,100],{"class":58},[44,152181,152182,152184,152186,152188,152190,152192,152194,152196,152198,152200],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,152183,106],{"class":50},[44,152185,55],{"class":54},[44,152187,111],{"class":50},[44,152189,114],{"class":58},[44,152191,118],{"class":117},[44,152193,121],{"class":58},[44,152195,63],{"class":62},[44,152197,78],{"class":66},[44,152199,63],{"class":62},[44,152201,100],{"class":58},[44,152203,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,152205,136],{"class":135},[44,152207,121],{"class":58},[44,152209,141],{"class":117},[44,152211,144],{"class":58},[44,152213,148],{"class":147},[20,152215,152216,154],{},[15,152217,153],{},[30,152219,158,152220,161],{"id":157},[15,152221,24],{},[20,152223,164,152224,167],{},[15,152225,17],{},[169,152227,152228,152230,152232,152234],{},[172,152229,174],{},[172,152231,177],{},[172,152233,180],{},[172,152235,183,152236],{},[15,152237,186],{},[20,152239,189],{},[35,152241,152242],{"className":37,"code":192,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152243,152244,152268],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152245,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262,152264,152266],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152247,199],{"class":50},[44,152249,55],{"class":54},[44,152251,59],{"class":58},[44,152253,207],{"class":206},[44,152255,72],{"class":58},[44,152257,212],{"class":206},[44,152259,72],{"class":58},[44,152261,217],{"class":206},[44,152263,72],{"class":58},[44,152265,212],{"class":206},[44,152267,100],{"class":58},[44,152269,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280,152282,152284],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,152271,136],{"class":135},[44,152273,121],{"class":58},[44,152275,232],{"class":117},[44,152277,114],{"class":58},[44,152279,118],{"class":117},[44,152281,121],{"class":58},[44,152283,241],{"class":206},[44,152285,244],{"class":58},[20,152287,247],{},[35,152289,152290],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152291,152292],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152293,152294],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152295,250],{"class":206},[20,152297,259,152298,262,152300,265],{},[15,152299,241],{},[15,152301,17],{},[20,152303,268,152304,114],{},[270,152305,273],{"href":272},[30,152307,277],{"id":276},[20,152309,280,152310,283],{},[15,152311,17],{},[35,152313,152314],{"className":37,"code":286,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152315,152316],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152317,152318,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152319,293],{"class":50},[44,152321,114],{"class":58},[44,152323,118],{"class":117},[44,152325,121],{"class":58},[44,152327,302],{"class":117},[44,152329,100],{"class":58},[20,152331,307],{},[35,152333,152334],{"className":37,"code":310,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152335,152336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152337,152338,152340,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152339,293],{"class":50},[44,152341,114],{"class":58},[44,152343,118],{"class":117},[44,152345,121],{"class":58},[44,152347,302],{"class":117},[44,152349,72],{"class":58},[44,152351,329],{"class":117},[44,152353,72],{"class":58},[44,152355,334],{"class":117},[44,152357,100],{"class":58},[338,152359,341],{"id":340},[169,152361,152362,152366,152370,152374],{},[172,152363,152364,348],{},[15,152365,302],{},[172,152367,152368,354],{},[15,152369,353],{},[172,152371,152372,360],{},[15,152373,359],{},[172,152375,152376,365,152378,370],{},[15,152377,359],{},[367,152379,369],{},[20,152381,189],{},[35,152383,152384],{"className":37,"code":375,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152385,152386,152434,152438,152462,152490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152387,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402,152404,152406,152408,152410,152412,152414,152416,152418,152420,152422,152424,152426,152428,152430,152432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152389,382],{"class":50},[44,152391,55],{"class":54},[44,152393,59],{"class":58},[44,152395,63],{"class":62},[44,152397,270],{"class":66},[44,152399,63],{"class":62},[44,152401,72],{"class":58},[44,152403,75],{"class":62},[44,152405,399],{"class":66},[44,152407,63],{"class":62},[44,152409,72],{"class":58},[44,152411,75],{"class":62},[44,152413,408],{"class":66},[44,152415,63],{"class":62},[44,152417,72],{"class":58},[44,152419,75],{"class":62},[44,152421,399],{"class":66},[44,152423,63],{"class":62},[44,152425,72],{"class":58},[44,152427,75],{"class":62},[44,152429,425],{"class":66},[44,152431,63],{"class":62},[44,152433,100],{"class":58},[44,152435,152436],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,152437,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,152439,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,152441,136],{"class":135},[44,152443,121],{"class":58},[44,152445,444],{"class":117},[44,152447,114],{"class":58},[44,152449,118],{"class":117},[44,152451,121],{"class":58},[44,152453,63],{"class":62},[44,152455,399],{"class":66},[44,152457,63],{"class":62},[44,152459,459],{"class":58},[44,152461,462],{"class":147},[44,152463,152464,152466,152468,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,152465,136],{"class":135},[44,152467,121],{"class":58},[44,152469,444],{"class":117},[44,152471,114],{"class":58},[44,152473,118],{"class":117},[44,152475,121],{"class":58},[44,152477,63],{"class":62},[44,152479,399],{"class":66},[44,152481,63],{"class":62},[44,152483,72],{"class":58},[44,152485,488],{"class":206},[44,152487,459],{"class":58},[44,152489,493],{"class":147},[44,152491,152492,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,152493,136],{"class":135},[44,152495,121],{"class":58},[44,152497,444],{"class":117},[44,152499,114],{"class":58},[44,152501,118],{"class":117},[44,152503,121],{"class":58},[44,152505,63],{"class":62},[44,152507,399],{"class":66},[44,152509,63],{"class":62},[44,152511,72],{"class":58},[44,152513,519],{"class":206},[44,152515,72],{"class":58},[44,152517,524],{"class":206},[44,152519,459],{"class":58},[44,152521,148],{"class":147},[30,152523,532],{"id":531},[20,152525,152526,537],{},[15,152527,24],{},[169,152529,152530,152532],{},[172,152531,542],{},[172,152533,545],{},[20,152535,548],{},[20,152537,189],{},[35,152539,152540],{"className":37,"code":553,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152541,152542,152582,152604],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152543,152544,152546,152548,152550,152552,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152545,560],{"class":50},[44,152547,55],{"class":54},[44,152549,59],{"class":58},[44,152551,63],{"class":62},[44,152553,569],{"class":66},[44,152555,63],{"class":62},[44,152557,72],{"class":58},[44,152559,75],{"class":62},[44,152561,578],{"class":66},[44,152563,63],{"class":62},[44,152565,72],{"class":58},[44,152567,75],{"class":62},[44,152569,587],{"class":66},[44,152571,63],{"class":62},[44,152573,72],{"class":58},[44,152575,75],{"class":62},[44,152577,578],{"class":66},[44,152579,63],{"class":62},[44,152581,100],{"class":58},[44,152583,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,152585,604],{"class":50},[44,152587,55],{"class":54},[44,152589,609],{"class":50},[44,152591,114],{"class":58},[44,152593,118],{"class":117},[44,152595,121],{"class":58},[44,152597,63],{"class":62},[44,152599,578],{"class":66},[44,152601,63],{"class":62},[44,152603,100],{"class":58},[44,152605,152606,152608,152610,152612],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,152607,136],{"class":135},[44,152609,121],{"class":58},[44,152611,632],{"class":117},[44,152613,100],{"class":58},[20,152615,247],{},[35,152617,152618],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152619,152620],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152621,152622],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152623,250],{"class":206},[30,152625,648],{"id":647},[20,152627,651,152628,654],{},[15,152629,24],{},[169,152631,152632,152634,152636],{},[172,152633,659],{},[172,152635,662],{},[172,152637,665],{},[20,152639,668,152640,672,152642,114],{},[15,152641,671],{},[270,152643,676],{"href":675},[30,152645,680],{"id":679},[20,152647,683,152648,114],{},[15,152649,686],{},[20,152651,189],{},[35,152653,152654],{"className":37,"code":691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152655,152656,152688],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152657,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668,152670,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152659,51],{"class":50},[44,152661,55],{"class":54},[44,152663,59],{"class":58},[44,152665,63],{"class":62},[44,152667,67],{"class":66},[44,152669,63],{"class":62},[44,152671,72],{"class":58},[44,152673,75],{"class":62},[44,152675,78],{"class":66},[44,152677,63],{"class":62},[44,152679,72],{"class":58},[44,152681,75],{"class":62},[44,152683,87],{"class":66},[44,152685,63],{"class":62},[44,152687,100],{"class":58},[44,152689,152690,152692,152694,152696,152698,152700,152702,152704,152706,152708],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,152691,136],{"class":135},[44,152693,121],{"class":58},[44,152695,734],{"class":117},[44,152697,114],{"class":58},[44,152699,118],{"class":117},[44,152701,121],{"class":58},[44,152703,63],{"class":62},[44,152705,745],{"class":66},[44,152707,63],{"class":62},[44,152709,244],{"class":58},[20,152711,752,152712,756],{},[15,152713,755],{},[20,152715,759],{},[35,152717,152718],{"className":37,"code":762,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152719,152720,152752,152756,152772,152794,152800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152721,152722,152724,152726,152728,152730,152732,152734,152736,152738,152740,152742,152744,152746,152748,152750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152723,51],{"class":50},[44,152725,55],{"class":54},[44,152727,59],{"class":58},[44,152729,63],{"class":62},[44,152731,67],{"class":66},[44,152733,63],{"class":62},[44,152735,72],{"class":58},[44,152737,75],{"class":62},[44,152739,78],{"class":66},[44,152741,63],{"class":62},[44,152743,72],{"class":58},[44,152745,75],{"class":62},[44,152747,87],{"class":66},[44,152749,63],{"class":62},[44,152751,100],{"class":58},[44,152753,152754],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,152755,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,152757,152758,152760,152762,152764,152766,152768,152770],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,152759,806],{"class":805},[44,152761,75],{"class":62},[44,152763,745],{"class":66},[44,152765,63],{"class":62},[44,152767,815],{"class":54},[44,152769,111],{"class":50},[44,152771,820],{"class":58},[44,152773,152774,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,152775,825],{"class":135},[44,152777,121],{"class":58},[44,152779,734],{"class":117},[44,152781,114],{"class":58},[44,152783,118],{"class":117},[44,152785,121],{"class":58},[44,152787,63],{"class":62},[44,152789,745],{"class":66},[44,152791,63],{"class":62},[44,152793,244],{"class":58},[44,152795,152796,152798],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,152797,848],{"class":805},[44,152799,820],{"class":58},[44,152801,152802,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,152803,825],{"class":135},[44,152805,121],{"class":58},[44,152807,63],{"class":62},[44,152809,862],{"class":66},[44,152811,63],{"class":62},[44,152813,100],{"class":58},[20,152815,247],{},[35,152817,152818],{"className":37,"code":871,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152819,152820],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152821,152822,152824,152826],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152823,878],{"class":50},[44,152825,881],{"class":54},[44,152827,884],{"class":50},[20,152829,887,152830,114],{},[270,152831,891],{"href":890},[30,152833,895,152834,898,152836],{"id":894},[15,152835,353],{},[15,152837,359],{},[20,152839,164,152840,898,152842,907],{},[15,152841,353],{},[15,152843,359],{},[20,152845,910],{},[20,152847,189],{},[35,152849,152850],{"className":37,"code":915,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152851,152852,152880,152884,152904,152928],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152853,152854,152856,152858,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152855,922],{"class":50},[44,152857,55],{"class":54},[44,152859,59],{"class":58},[44,152861,929],{"class":206},[44,152863,72],{"class":58},[44,152865,934],{"class":206},[44,152867,72],{"class":58},[44,152869,939],{"class":206},[44,152871,72],{"class":58},[44,152873,212],{"class":206},[44,152875,72],{"class":58},[44,152877,939],{"class":206},[44,152879,100],{"class":58},[44,152881,152882],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,152883,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,152885,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,152887,136],{"class":135},[44,152889,121],{"class":58},[44,152891,962],{"class":117},[44,152893,114],{"class":58},[44,152895,118],{"class":117},[44,152897,121],{"class":58},[44,152899,929],{"class":206},[44,152901,459],{"class":58},[44,152903,975],{"class":147},[44,152905,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,152907,136],{"class":135},[44,152909,121],{"class":58},[44,152911,962],{"class":117},[44,152913,114],{"class":58},[44,152915,118],{"class":117},[44,152917,121],{"class":58},[44,152919,929],{"class":206},[44,152921,72],{"class":58},[44,152923,519],{"class":206},[44,152925,459],{"class":58},[44,152927,1000],{"class":147},[44,152929,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946,152948,152950,152952,152954],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,152931,136],{"class":135},[44,152933,121],{"class":58},[44,152935,962],{"class":117},[44,152937,114],{"class":58},[44,152939,118],{"class":117},[44,152941,121],{"class":58},[44,152943,929],{"class":206},[44,152945,72],{"class":58},[44,152947,524],{"class":206},[44,152949,72],{"class":58},[44,152951,939],{"class":206},[44,152953,459],{"class":58},[44,152955,1029],{"class":147},[338,152957,1033],{"id":1032},[169,152959,152960,152964,152968],{},[172,152961,152962,1040],{},[15,152963,353],{},[172,152965,152966,1045],{},[15,152967,359],{},[172,152969,164,152970,1050],{},[15,152971,359],{},[20,152973,189],{},[35,152975,152976],{"className":37,"code":1055,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,152977,152978,153006,153010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,152979,152980,152982,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,152981,922],{"class":50},[44,152983,55],{"class":54},[44,152985,59],{"class":58},[44,152987,929],{"class":206},[44,152989,72],{"class":58},[44,152991,934],{"class":206},[44,152993,72],{"class":58},[44,152995,939],{"class":206},[44,152997,72],{"class":58},[44,152999,212],{"class":206},[44,153001,72],{"class":58},[44,153003,939],{"class":206},[44,153005,100],{"class":58},[44,153007,153008],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153009,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,153011,153012,153014,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153013,136],{"class":135},[44,153015,121],{"class":58},[44,153017,962],{"class":117},[44,153019,114],{"class":58},[44,153021,118],{"class":117},[44,153023,121],{"class":58},[44,153025,929],{"class":206},[44,153027,72],{"class":58},[44,153029,519],{"class":206},[44,153031,72],{"class":58},[44,153033,1114],{"class":206},[44,153035,244],{"class":58},[20,153037,247],{},[35,153039,153040],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153041,153042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153043,153044],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153045,1121],{"class":206},[20,153047,1130,153048,1134,153050,1138,153052,1142,153054,114],{},[15,153049,1133],{},[15,153051,1137],{},[15,153053,1141],{},[15,153055,1145],{},[30,153057,1149],{"id":1148},[20,153059,1152,153060,1155],{},[15,153061,24],{},[169,153063,153064,153070,153074,153080],{},[172,153065,1160,153066,1163,153068],{},[367,153067,302],{},[367,153069,118],{},[172,153071,1168,153072],{},[15,153073,186],{},[172,153075,651,153076,1181],{},[270,153077,1176,153078,1180],{"href":1175},[15,153079,1179],{},[172,153081,1184,153082,1187],{},[15,153083,671],{},[20,153085,1190],{},[35,153087,153088],{"className":37,"code":1193,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153089,153090,153122,153126,153150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153091,153092,153094,153096,153098,153100,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153093,1200],{"class":50},[44,153095,55],{"class":54},[44,153097,59],{"class":58},[44,153099,63],{"class":62},[44,153101,1209],{"class":66},[44,153103,63],{"class":62},[44,153105,72],{"class":58},[44,153107,75],{"class":62},[44,153109,1218],{"class":66},[44,153111,63],{"class":62},[44,153113,72],{"class":58},[44,153115,75],{"class":62},[44,153117,1227],{"class":66},[44,153119,63],{"class":62},[44,153121,100],{"class":58},[44,153123,153124],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153125,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,153127,153128,153130,153132,153134,153136,153138,153140,153142,153144,153146,153148],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153129,136],{"class":135},[44,153131,121],{"class":58},[44,153133,1244],{"class":117},[44,153135,114],{"class":58},[44,153137,118],{"class":117},[44,153139,121],{"class":58},[44,153141,63],{"class":62},[44,153143,1218],{"class":66},[44,153145,63],{"class":62},[44,153147,459],{"class":58},[44,153149,148],{"class":147},[44,153151,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,153153,136],{"class":135},[44,153155,121],{"class":58},[44,153157,1244],{"class":117},[44,153159,1271],{"class":58},[44,153161,1133],{"class":206},[44,153163,1276],{"class":58},[44,153165,1279],{"class":147},[20,153167,1282],{},[169,153169,153170,153174],{},[172,153171,153172,1290],{},[15,153173,1289],{},[172,153175,153176,1295],{},[15,153177,1133],{},[30,153179,1299],{"id":1298},[20,153181,1302,153182,1155],{},[15,153183,24],{},[169,153185,153186,153188,153192,153196,153202],{},[172,153187,1309],{},[172,153189,1312,153190,1315],{},[15,153191,17],{},[172,153193,1318,153194],{},[15,153195,186],{},[172,153197,1323,153198,898,153200],{},[15,153199,353],{},[15,153201,359],{},[172,153203,1330,153204,1333],{},[15,153205,24],{},[338,153207,1337],{"id":1336},[20,153209,1340],{},[35,153211,153212],{"className":37,"code":1343,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153213,153214,153224,153238,153252,153270],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153215,153216,153218,153220,153222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153217,136],{"class":135},[44,153219,121],{"class":58},[44,153221,1354],{"class":117},[44,153223,100],{"class":58},[44,153225,153226,153228,153230,153232,153234,153236],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153227,136],{"class":135},[44,153229,121],{"class":58},[44,153231,1365],{"class":135},[44,153233,121],{"class":58},[44,153235,1354],{"class":117},[44,153237,244],{"class":58},[44,153239,153240,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153241,136],{"class":135},[44,153243,121],{"class":58},[44,153245,1380],{"class":117},[44,153247,1383],{"class":805},[44,153249,1386],{"class":117},[44,153251,100],{"class":58},[44,153253,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262,153264,153266,153268],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,153255,136],{"class":135},[44,153257,121],{"class":58},[44,153259,1354],{"class":117},[44,153261,114],{"class":58},[44,153263,1401],{"class":117},[44,153265,121],{"class":58},[44,153267,302],{"class":117},[44,153269,244],{"class":58},[44,153271,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,153273,136],{"class":135},[44,153275,121],{"class":58},[44,153277,1354],{"class":117},[44,153279,114],{"class":58},[44,153281,118],{"class":117},[44,153283,121],{"class":58},[44,153285,302],{"class":117},[44,153287,244],{"class":58},[20,153289,1428,153290,1431,153292,1434],{},[15,153291,686],{},[15,153293,302],{},[20,153295,1437],{},[35,153297,153298],{"className":37,"code":1440,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,153299,153300,153312,153330,153336],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153301,153302,153304,153306,153308,153310],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153303,806],{"class":805},[44,153305,1449],{"class":50},[44,153307,1383],{"class":54},[44,153309,1386],{"class":50},[44,153311,820],{"class":58},[44,153313,153314,153316,153318,153320,153322,153324,153326,153328],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153315,825],{"class":135},[44,153317,121],{"class":58},[44,153319,1354],{"class":117},[44,153321,114],{"class":58},[44,153323,118],{"class":117},[44,153325,121],{"class":58},[44,153327,302],{"class":117},[44,153329,244],{"class":58},[44,153331,153332,153334],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153333,848],{"class":805},[44,153335,820],{"class":58},[44,153337,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346,153348],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,153339,825],{"class":135},[44,153341,121],{"class":58},[44,153343,63],{"class":62},[44,153345,862],{"class":66},[44,153347,63],{"class":62},[44,153349,100],{"class":58},[30,153351,1497],{"id":1496},[338,153353,1501,153354,1504],{"id":1500},[15,153355,24],{},[20,153357,1507],{},[338,153359,1511],{"id":1510},[20,153361,153362,265],{},[15,153363,24],{},[338,153365,1519],{"id":1518},[20,153367,1522,153368,114],{},[15,153369,686],{},[338,153371,1528],{"id":1527},[20,153373,1531,153374,898,153376,1536],{},[15,153375,353],{},[15,153377,359],{},[338,153379,1540,153380,1543,153382,1547],{"id":1539},[15,153381,24],{},[15,153383,1546],{},[20,153385,1550],{},[30,153387,1554],{"id":1553},[169,153389,153390,153396,153400,153404,153408],{},[172,153391,153392],{},[270,153393,1176,153394,1180],{"href":1175},[15,153395,1179],{},[172,153397,153398],{},[270,153399,676],{"href":675},[172,153401,153402],{},[270,153403,1572],{"href":1571},[172,153405,153406],{},[270,153407,891],{"href":890},[172,153409,153410],{},[270,153411,1581],{"href":272},[1583,153413,1585],{},{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":153415},[153416,153417,153418,153421,153422,153423,153424,153427,153428,153431,153438],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":157,"depth":103,"text":1590},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277,"children":153419},[153420],{"id":340,"depth":132,"text":341},{"id":531,"depth":103,"text":532},{"id":647,"depth":103,"text":648},{"id":679,"depth":103,"text":680},{"id":894,"depth":103,"text":1598,"children":153425},[153426],{"id":1032,"depth":132,"text":1033},{"id":1148,"depth":103,"text":1149},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299,"children":153429},[153430],{"id":1336,"depth":132,"text":1337},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":153432},[153433,153434,153435,153436,153437],{"id":1500,"depth":132,"text":1608},{"id":1510,"depth":132,"text":1511},{"id":1518,"depth":132,"text":1519},{"id":1527,"depth":132,"text":1528},{"id":1539,"depth":132,"text":1613},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},{},{"title":5,"description":1615},{"id":153442,"title":153443,"body":153444,"description":154839,"extension":1616,"meta":154840,"navigation":434,"path":675,"seo":154841,"stem":154842,"__hash__":154843},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153445,"toc":154821},[153446,153449,153452,153455,153469,153471,153474,153568,153578,153584,153588,153591,153594,153596,153614,153616,153687,153689,153706,153710,153714,153717,153734,153737,153752,153754,153845,153848,153852,153855,153872,153874,153969,153972,153975,153979,153982,154076,154078,154097,154100,154104,154107,154109,154164,154166,154201,154204,154218,154226,154319,154328,154332,154335,154342,154345,154392,154394,154402,154405,154456,154458,154475,154480,154484,154487,154490,154492,154543,154546,154601,154604,154607,154609,154612,154632,154634,154707,154710,154723,154725,154729,154734,154738,154743,154760,154764,154767,154784,154788,154791,154793,154818],[10,153447,153443],{"id":153448},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153450,153451],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153453,153454],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[169,153456,153457,153460,153463,153466],{},[172,153458,153459],{},"positive indexes",[172,153461,153462],{},"negative indexes",[172,153464,153465],{},"common indexing mistakes",[172,153467,153468],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[30,153470,3259],{"id":3258},[20,153472,153473],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[35,153475,153477],{"className":37,"code":153476,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153478,153479,153511,153515,153532,153549],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153480,153481,153483,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503,153505,153507,153509],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153482,51],{"class":50},[44,153484,55],{"class":54},[44,153486,59],{"class":58},[44,153488,63],{"class":62},[44,153490,67],{"class":66},[44,153492,63],{"class":62},[44,153494,72],{"class":58},[44,153496,75],{"class":62},[44,153498,87],{"class":66},[44,153500,63],{"class":62},[44,153502,72],{"class":58},[44,153504,75],{"class":62},[44,153506,78],{"class":66},[44,153508,63],{"class":62},[44,153510,100],{"class":58},[44,153512,153513],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153514,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,153516,153517,153519,153521,153523,153525,153527,153529],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153518,136],{"class":135},[44,153520,121],{"class":58},[44,153522,734],{"class":117},[44,153524,1271],{"class":58},[44,153526,186],{"class":206},[44,153528,1276],{"class":58},[44,153530,153531],{"class":147},"   # red\n",[44,153533,153534,153536,153538,153540,153542,153544,153546],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,153535,136],{"class":135},[44,153537,121],{"class":58},[44,153539,734],{"class":117},[44,153541,1271],{"class":58},[44,153543,1133],{"class":206},[44,153545,1276],{"class":58},[44,153547,153548],{"class":147},"   # green\n",[44,153550,153551,153553,153555,153557,153559,153561,153563,153565],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,153552,136],{"class":135},[44,153554,121],{"class":58},[44,153556,734],{"class":117},[44,153558,1271],{"class":58},[44,153560,1674],{"class":54},[44,153562,1133],{"class":206},[44,153564,1276],{"class":58},[44,153566,153567],{"class":147},"  # blue\n",[169,153569,153570,153575],{},[172,153571,132019,153572,153574],{},[15,153573,186],{}," is the first item.",[172,153576,153577],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153579,153580,153581,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[270,153582,153583],{"href":147597},"how to create a tuple in Python",[30,153585,153587],{"id":153586},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153589,153590],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153592,153593],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153595,11107],{},[169,153597,153598,153601,153608,153611],{},[172,153599,153600],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[172,153602,153603,153604,18606,153606],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153605,186],{},[15,153607,1133],{},[172,153609,153610],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[172,153612,153613],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153615,189],{},[35,153617,153619],{"className":37,"code":153618,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153620,153621,153641,153645,153659,153673],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153622,153623,153625,153627,153629,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153624,199],{"class":50},[44,153626,55],{"class":54},[44,153628,59],{"class":58},[44,153630,207],{"class":206},[44,153632,72],{"class":58},[44,153634,212],{"class":206},[44,153636,72],{"class":58},[44,153638,217],{"class":206},[44,153640,100],{"class":58},[44,153642,153643],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153644,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,153646,153647,153649,153651,153653,153655,153657],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153648,136],{"class":135},[44,153650,121],{"class":58},[44,153652,232],{"class":117},[44,153654,1271],{"class":58},[44,153656,186],{"class":206},[44,153658,3538],{"class":58},[44,153660,153661,153663,153665,153667,153669,153671],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,153662,136],{"class":135},[44,153664,121],{"class":58},[44,153666,232],{"class":117},[44,153668,1271],{"class":58},[44,153670,1133],{"class":206},[44,153672,3538],{"class":58},[44,153674,153675,153677,153679,153681,153683,153685],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,153676,136],{"class":135},[44,153678,121],{"class":58},[44,153680,232],{"class":117},[44,153682,1271],{"class":58},[44,153684,1137],{"class":206},[44,153686,3538],{"class":58},[20,153688,247],{},[35,153690,153692],{"className":37,"code":153691,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153693,153694,153698,153702],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153695,153696],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153697,2023],{"class":206},[44,153699,153700],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153701,70841],{"class":206},[44,153703,153704],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153705,69457],{"class":206},[20,153707,59025,153708,114],{},[270,153709,147594],{"href":147593},[30,153711,153713],{"id":153712},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153715,153716],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[169,153718,153719,153724,153729],{},[172,153720,153721,153723],{},[15,153722,186],{}," = first item",[172,153725,153726,153728],{},[15,153727,1133],{}," = second item",[172,153730,153731,153733],{},[15,153732,1137],{}," = third item",[20,153735,153736],{},"Pattern:",[35,153738,153740],{"className":37,"code":153739,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153741,153742],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153743,153744,153746,153748,153750],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153745,293],{"class":50},[44,153747,1271],{"class":58},[44,153749,118],{"class":50},[44,153751,3286],{"class":58},[20,153753,189],{},[35,153755,153757],{"className":37,"code":153756,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153758,153759,153791,153795,153812,153828],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153760,153761,153763,153765,153767,153769,153771,153773,153775,153777,153779,153781,153783,153785,153787,153789],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153762,1200],{"class":50},[44,153764,55],{"class":54},[44,153766,59],{"class":58},[44,153768,63],{"class":62},[44,153770,1209],{"class":66},[44,153772,63],{"class":62},[44,153774,72],{"class":58},[44,153776,75],{"class":62},[44,153778,1218],{"class":66},[44,153780,63],{"class":62},[44,153782,72],{"class":58},[44,153784,75],{"class":62},[44,153786,3745],{"class":66},[44,153788,63],{"class":62},[44,153790,100],{"class":58},[44,153792,153793],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153794,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,153796,153797,153799,153801,153803,153805,153807,153809],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153798,136],{"class":135},[44,153800,121],{"class":58},[44,153802,1244],{"class":117},[44,153804,1271],{"class":58},[44,153806,186],{"class":206},[44,153808,1276],{"class":58},[44,153810,153811],{"class":147},"  # apple\n",[44,153813,153814,153816,153818,153820,153822,153824,153826],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,153815,136],{"class":135},[44,153817,121],{"class":58},[44,153819,1244],{"class":117},[44,153821,1271],{"class":58},[44,153823,1133],{"class":206},[44,153825,1276],{"class":58},[44,153827,51122],{"class":147},[44,153829,153830,153832,153834,153836,153838,153840,153842],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,153831,136],{"class":135},[44,153833,121],{"class":58},[44,153835,1244],{"class":117},[44,153837,1271],{"class":58},[44,153839,1137],{"class":206},[44,153841,1276],{"class":58},[44,153843,153844],{"class":147},"  # cherry\n",[20,153846,153847],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[30,153849,153851],{"id":153850},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153853,153854],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[169,153856,153857,153862,153867],{},[172,153858,153859,153861],{},[15,153860,65473],{}," = last item",[172,153863,153864,153866],{},[15,153865,95024],{}," = second-to-last item",[172,153868,153869,153871],{},[15,153870,47308],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153873,189],{},[35,153875,153877],{"className":37,"code":153876,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153878,153879,153911,153915,153933,153951],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153880,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905,153907,153909],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153882,1200],{"class":50},[44,153884,55],{"class":54},[44,153886,59],{"class":58},[44,153888,63],{"class":62},[44,153890,1209],{"class":66},[44,153892,63],{"class":62},[44,153894,72],{"class":58},[44,153896,75],{"class":62},[44,153898,1218],{"class":66},[44,153900,63],{"class":62},[44,153902,72],{"class":58},[44,153904,75],{"class":62},[44,153906,3745],{"class":66},[44,153908,63],{"class":62},[44,153910,100],{"class":58},[44,153912,153913],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,153914,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,153916,153917,153919,153921,153923,153925,153927,153929,153931],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,153918,136],{"class":135},[44,153920,121],{"class":58},[44,153922,1244],{"class":117},[44,153924,1271],{"class":58},[44,153926,1674],{"class":54},[44,153928,1133],{"class":206},[44,153930,1276],{"class":58},[44,153932,153844],{"class":147},[44,153934,153935,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,153936,136],{"class":135},[44,153938,121],{"class":58},[44,153940,1244],{"class":117},[44,153942,1271],{"class":58},[44,153944,1674],{"class":54},[44,153946,1137],{"class":206},[44,153948,1276],{"class":58},[44,153950,51122],{"class":147},[44,153952,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,153954,136],{"class":135},[44,153956,121],{"class":58},[44,153958,1244],{"class":117},[44,153960,1271],{"class":58},[44,153962,1674],{"class":54},[44,153964,1141],{"class":206},[44,153966,1276],{"class":58},[44,153968,153811],{"class":147},[20,153970,153971],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153973,153974],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[30,153976,153978],{"id":153977},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153980,153981],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[35,153983,153985],{"className":37,"code":153984,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153986,153987,154019,154023,154040,154057],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,153988,153989,153991,153993,153995,153997,153999,154001,154003,154005,154007,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,153990,4643],{"class":50},[44,153992,55],{"class":54},[44,153994,59],{"class":58},[44,153996,63],{"class":62},[44,153998,12531],{"class":66},[44,154000,63],{"class":62},[44,154002,72],{"class":58},[44,154004,75],{"class":62},[44,154006,35583],{"class":66},[44,154008,63],{"class":62},[44,154010,72],{"class":58},[44,154012,75],{"class":62},[44,154014,35592],{"class":66},[44,154016,63],{"class":62},[44,154018,100],{"class":58},[44,154020,154021],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154022,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,154024,154025,154027,154029,154031,154033,154035,154037],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154026,136],{"class":135},[44,154028,121],{"class":58},[44,154030,4687],{"class":117},[44,154032,1271],{"class":58},[44,154034,186],{"class":206},[44,154036,1276],{"class":58},[44,154038,154039],{"class":147},"   # first item\n",[44,154041,154042,154044,154046,154048,154050,154052,154054],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,154043,136],{"class":135},[44,154045,121],{"class":58},[44,154047,4687],{"class":117},[44,154049,1271],{"class":58},[44,154051,1133],{"class":206},[44,154053,1276],{"class":58},[44,154055,154056],{"class":147},"   # middle item\n",[44,154058,154059,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071,154073],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,154060,136],{"class":135},[44,154062,121],{"class":58},[44,154064,4687],{"class":117},[44,154066,1271],{"class":58},[44,154068,1674],{"class":54},[44,154070,1133],{"class":206},[44,154072,1276],{"class":58},[44,154074,154075],{"class":147},"  # last item\n",[20,154077,247],{},[35,154079,154081],{"className":37,"code":154080,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154082,154083,154087,154092],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154084,154085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154086,49678],{"class":50},[44,154088,154089],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154090,154091],{"class":50},"Ben\n",[44,154093,154094],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154095,154096],{"class":50},"Cara\n",[20,154098,154099],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[30,154101,154103],{"id":154102},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154105,154106],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154108,189],{},[35,154110,154112],{"className":37,"code":154111,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154113,154114,154146,154150],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154115,154116,154118,154120,154122,154124,154126,154128,154130,154132,154134,154136,154138,154140,154142,154144],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154117,382],{"class":50},[44,154119,55],{"class":54},[44,154121,59],{"class":58},[44,154123,63],{"class":62},[44,154125,270],{"class":66},[44,154127,63],{"class":62},[44,154129,72],{"class":58},[44,154131,75],{"class":62},[44,154133,399],{"class":66},[44,154135,63],{"class":62},[44,154137,72],{"class":58},[44,154139,75],{"class":62},[44,154141,408],{"class":66},[44,154143,63],{"class":62},[44,154145,100],{"class":58},[44,154147,154148],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154149,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,154151,154152,154154,154156,154158,154160,154162],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154153,136],{"class":135},[44,154155,121],{"class":58},[44,154157,444],{"class":117},[44,154159,1271],{"class":58},[44,154161,929],{"class":206},[44,154163,3538],{"class":58},[20,154165,247],{},[35,154167,154169],{"className":37,"code":154168,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154170,154171,154183,154188],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154172,154173,154176,154178,154181],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154174,154175],{"class":117},"Traceback ",[44,154177,121],{"class":58},[44,154179,154180],{"class":117},"most recent call last",[44,154182,7991],{"class":58},[44,154184,154185],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154186,154187],{"class":34094},"  ...\n",[44,154189,154190,154192,154194,154196,154199],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154191,70348],{"class":2546},[44,154193,1155],{"class":58},[44,154195,148954],{"class":2546},[44,154197,154198],{"class":50}," index out of ",[44,154200,70540],{"class":135},[20,154202,154203],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[169,154205,154206,154210,154214],{},[172,154207,154208],{},[15,154209,186],{},[172,154211,154212],{},[15,154213,1133],{},[172,154215,154216],{},[15,154217,1137],{},[20,154219,154220,154221,114],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[270,154222,154223,154225],{"href":148827},[15,154224,41997],{}," on a tuple",[35,154227,154229],{"className":37,"code":154228,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154230,154231,154263,154267,154283,154287,154305],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154232,154233,154235,154237,154239,154241,154243,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259,154261],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154234,382],{"class":50},[44,154236,55],{"class":54},[44,154238,59],{"class":58},[44,154240,63],{"class":62},[44,154242,270],{"class":66},[44,154244,63],{"class":62},[44,154246,72],{"class":58},[44,154248,75],{"class":62},[44,154250,399],{"class":66},[44,154252,63],{"class":62},[44,154254,72],{"class":58},[44,154256,75],{"class":62},[44,154258,408],{"class":66},[44,154260,63],{"class":62},[44,154262,100],{"class":58},[44,154264,154265],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154266,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,154268,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154270,136],{"class":135},[44,154272,121],{"class":58},[44,154274,1365],{"class":135},[44,154276,121],{"class":58},[44,154278,444],{"class":117},[44,154280,459],{"class":58},[44,154282,50409],{"class":147},[44,154284,154285],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,154286,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,154288,154289,154291,154293,154295,154297,154299,154301,154303],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,154290,806],{"class":805},[44,154292,38023],{"class":135},[44,154294,121],{"class":58},[44,154296,444],{"class":117},[44,154298,144],{"class":58},[44,154300,38033],{"class":54},[44,154302,488],{"class":206},[44,154304,820],{"class":58},[44,154306,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,154308,825],{"class":135},[44,154310,121],{"class":58},[44,154312,444],{"class":117},[44,154314,1271],{"class":58},[44,154316,1137],{"class":206},[44,154318,3538],{"class":58},[20,154320,154321,154322,114],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[270,154323,25319,154325],{"href":154324},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154326,154327],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[30,154329,154331],{"id":154330},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154333,154334],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[169,154336,154337,154339],{},[172,154338,76491],{},[172,154340,154341],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154343,154344],{},"Indexing example:",[35,154346,154348],{"className":37,"code":154347,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154349,154350,154374,154378],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154351,154352,154354,154356,154358,154360,154362,154364,154366,154368,154370,154372],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154353,199],{"class":50},[44,154355,55],{"class":54},[44,154357,59],{"class":58},[44,154359,207],{"class":206},[44,154361,72],{"class":58},[44,154363,212],{"class":206},[44,154365,72],{"class":58},[44,154367,217],{"class":206},[44,154369,72],{"class":58},[44,154371,50482],{"class":206},[44,154373,100],{"class":58},[44,154375,154376],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154377,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,154379,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388,154390],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154381,136],{"class":135},[44,154383,121],{"class":58},[44,154385,232],{"class":117},[44,154387,1271],{"class":58},[44,154389,1133],{"class":206},[44,154391,3538],{"class":58},[20,154393,247],{},[35,154395,154396],{"className":37,"code":70841,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154397,154398],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154399,154400],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154401,70841],{"class":206},[20,154403,154404],{},"Slicing example:",[35,154406,154408],{"className":37,"code":154407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154409,154410,154434,154438],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154411,154412,154414,154416,154418,154420,154422,154424,154426,154428,154430,154432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154413,199],{"class":50},[44,154415,55],{"class":54},[44,154417,59],{"class":58},[44,154419,207],{"class":206},[44,154421,72],{"class":58},[44,154423,212],{"class":206},[44,154425,72],{"class":58},[44,154427,217],{"class":206},[44,154429,72],{"class":58},[44,154431,50482],{"class":206},[44,154433,100],{"class":58},[44,154435,154436],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154437,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,154439,154440,154442,154444,154446,154448,154450,154452,154454],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154441,136],{"class":135},[44,154443,121],{"class":58},[44,154445,232],{"class":117},[44,154447,1271],{"class":58},[44,154449,1133],{"class":206},[44,154451,1155],{"class":58},[44,154453,1141],{"class":206},[44,154455,3538],{"class":58},[20,154457,247],{},[35,154459,154461],{"className":37,"code":154460,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154462,154463],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154464,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154466,121],{"class":58},[44,154468,241],{"class":206},[44,154470,72],{"class":58},[44,154472,217],{"class":206},[44,154474,100],{"class":58},[20,154476,154477,154478,114],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[270,154479,150504],{"href":150503},[30,154481,154483],{"id":154482},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154485,154486],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154488,154489],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154491,6337],{},[35,154493,154495],{"className":37,"code":154494,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154496,154497,154529],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154498,154499,154501,154503,154505,154507,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154500,51],{"class":50},[44,154502,55],{"class":54},[44,154504,59],{"class":58},[44,154506,63],{"class":62},[44,154508,67],{"class":66},[44,154510,63],{"class":62},[44,154512,72],{"class":58},[44,154514,75],{"class":62},[44,154516,87],{"class":66},[44,154518,63],{"class":62},[44,154520,72],{"class":58},[44,154522,75],{"class":62},[44,154524,78],{"class":66},[44,154526,63],{"class":62},[44,154528,100],{"class":58},[44,154530,154531,154533,154535,154537,154539,154541],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154532,136],{"class":135},[44,154534,121],{"class":58},[44,154536,734],{"class":117},[44,154538,1271],{"class":58},[44,154540,1133],{"class":206},[44,154542,3538],{"class":58},[20,154544,154545],{},"But this does not work:",[35,154547,154549],{"className":37,"code":154548,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154550,154551,154583],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154552,154553,154555,154557,154559,154561,154563,154565,154567,154569,154571,154573,154575,154577,154579,154581],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154554,51],{"class":50},[44,154556,55],{"class":54},[44,154558,59],{"class":58},[44,154560,63],{"class":62},[44,154562,67],{"class":66},[44,154564,63],{"class":62},[44,154566,72],{"class":58},[44,154568,75],{"class":62},[44,154570,87],{"class":66},[44,154572,63],{"class":62},[44,154574,72],{"class":58},[44,154576,75],{"class":62},[44,154578,78],{"class":66},[44,154580,63],{"class":62},[44,154582,100],{"class":58},[44,154584,154585,154587,154589,154591,154593,154595,154597,154599],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154586,734],{"class":50},[44,154588,1271],{"class":58},[44,154590,1133],{"class":206},[44,154592,12921],{"class":58},[44,154594,12924],{"class":54},[44,154596,75],{"class":62},[44,154598,745],{"class":66},[44,154600,3007],{"class":62},[20,154602,154603],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154605,154606],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[30,154608,1299],{"id":1298},[20,154610,154611],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[169,154613,154614,154620,154623,154626],{},[172,154615,132323,154616,10742,154618],{},[15,154617,1133],{},[15,154619,186],{},[172,154621,154622],{},"Using an index that is too large",[172,154624,154625],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[172,154627,154628,154629],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154630,154631],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154633,61926],{},[35,154635,154637],{"className":37,"code":154636,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154638,154639,154649,154663,154677,154693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154640,154641,154643,154645,154647],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154642,136],{"class":135},[44,154644,121],{"class":58},[44,154646,1354],{"class":117},[44,154648,100],{"class":58},[44,154650,154651,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154652,136],{"class":135},[44,154654,121],{"class":58},[44,154656,1365],{"class":135},[44,154658,121],{"class":58},[44,154660,1354],{"class":117},[44,154662,244],{"class":58},[44,154664,154665,154667,154669,154671,154673,154675],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,154666,136],{"class":135},[44,154668,121],{"class":58},[44,154670,1354],{"class":117},[44,154672,1271],{"class":58},[44,154674,186],{"class":206},[44,154676,3538],{"class":58},[44,154678,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689,154691],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,154680,136],{"class":135},[44,154682,121],{"class":58},[44,154684,1354],{"class":117},[44,154686,1271],{"class":58},[44,154688,1674],{"class":54},[44,154690,1133],{"class":206},[44,154692,3538],{"class":58},[44,154694,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703,154705],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,154696,136],{"class":135},[44,154698,121],{"class":58},[44,154700,2868],{"class":2546},[44,154702,121],{"class":58},[44,154704,1354],{"class":117},[44,154706,244],{"class":58},[20,154708,154709],{},"These can help you confirm:",[169,154711,154712,154715,154717,154720],{},[172,154713,154714],{},"what the tuple contains",[172,154716,60415],{},[172,154718,154719],{},"what the first and last items are",[172,154721,154722],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[30,154724,1497],{"id":1496},[338,154726,154728],{"id":154727},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154730,154731,154732,114],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154733,186],{},[338,154735,154737],{"id":154736},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154739,651,154740,154742],{},[15,154741,65473],{}," as the index:",[35,154744,154746],{"className":37,"code":154745,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154747,154748],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154749,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154751,1354],{"class":50},[44,154753,1271],{"class":58},[44,154755,1674],{"class":54},[44,154757,1133],{"class":206},[44,154759,3286],{"class":58},[338,154761,154763],{"id":154762},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154765,154766],{},"Python raises:",[35,154768,154770],{"className":37,"code":154769,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154771,154772],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154773,154774,154776,154778,154780,154782],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154775,70348],{"class":2546},[44,154777,1155],{"class":58},[44,154779,148954],{"class":2546},[44,154781,154198],{"class":50},[44,154783,70540],{"class":135},[338,154785,154787],{"id":154786},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154789,154790],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[30,154792,1554],{"id":1553},[169,154794,154795,154800,154804,154808,154814],{},[172,154796,154797],{},[270,154798,154799],{"href":147597},"How to create a tuple in Python",[172,154801,154802],{},[270,154803,150504],{"href":150503},[172,154805,154806],{},[270,154807,150509],{"href":148827},[172,154809,154810],{},[270,154811,25762,154812],{"href":154324},[15,154813,154327],{},[172,154815,154816],{},[270,154817,147594],{"href":147593},[1583,154819,154820],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":154822},[154823,154824,154825,154826,154827,154828,154829,154830,154831,154832,154838],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":153586,"depth":103,"text":153587},{"id":153712,"depth":103,"text":153713},{"id":153850,"depth":103,"text":153851},{"id":153977,"depth":103,"text":153978},{"id":154102,"depth":103,"text":154103},{"id":154330,"depth":103,"text":154331},{"id":154482,"depth":103,"text":154483},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":154833},[154834,154835,154836,154837],{"id":154727,"depth":132,"text":154728},{"id":154736,"depth":132,"text":154737},{"id":154762,"depth":132,"text":154763},{"id":154786,"depth":132,"text":154787},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153443,"description":154839},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154845,"title":154846,"body":154847,"description":156736,"extension":1616,"meta":156737,"navigation":434,"path":156738,"seo":156739,"stem":156740,"__hash__":156741},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154848,"toc":156693},[154849,154855,154860,154911,154915,154923,154929,154931,154947,154949,154952,154967,154969,154982,154984,155041,155045,155053,155060,155066,155072,155076,155127,155131,155139,155143,155172,155176,155184,155188,155221,155225,155233,155237,155240,155291,155295,155303,155305,155322,155326,155330,155389,155393,155401,155404,155431,155435,155443,155447,155453,155528,155532,155569,155577,155581,155644,155648,155656,155661,155665,155671,155714,155718,155726,155732,155735,155782,155786,155794,155803,155809,155864,155868,155876,155879,155883,155885,155916,155920,155939,155942,155987,155991,156014,156020,156025,156027,156074,156079,156082,156130,156134,156142,156146,156151,156155,156205,156209,156224,156228,156286,156290,156305,156309,156380,156384,156393,156397,156476,156480,156502,156510,156512,156515,156540,156542,156595,156597,156614,156616,156620,156626,156631,156636,156640,156645,156649,156654,156660,156663,156665,156690],[10,154850,154852,154853,144],{"id":154851},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154854,1365],{},[20,154856,651,154857,154859],{},[15,154858,41997],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[35,154861,154863],{"className":37,"code":154862,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154864,154865,154897],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154866,154867,154869,154871,154873,154875,154877,154879,154881,154883,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154868,51],{"class":50},[44,154870,55],{"class":54},[44,154872,59],{"class":58},[44,154874,63],{"class":62},[44,154876,67],{"class":66},[44,154878,63],{"class":62},[44,154880,72],{"class":58},[44,154882,75],{"class":62},[44,154884,87],{"class":66},[44,154886,63],{"class":62},[44,154888,72],{"class":58},[44,154890,75],{"class":62},[44,154892,78],{"class":66},[44,154894,63],{"class":62},[44,154896,100],{"class":58},[44,154898,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,154900,136],{"class":135},[44,154902,121],{"class":58},[44,154904,1365],{"class":135},[44,154906,121],{"class":58},[44,154908,734],{"class":117},[44,154910,244],{"class":58},[20,154912,154913],{},[367,154914,247],{},[35,154916,154917],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,154918,154919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154920,154921],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154922,46255],{"class":206},[20,154924,651,154925,154928],{},[15,154926,154927],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[30,154930,14811],{"id":14810},[169,154932,154933,154938,154942,154945],{},[172,154934,3847,154935,154937],{},[15,154936,41997],{}," works with tuples",[172,154939,67875,154940,11355],{},[15,154941,41997],{},[172,154943,154944],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[172,154946,4168],{},[30,154948,277],{"id":276},[20,154950,154951],{},"Use this pattern:",[35,154953,154955],{"className":37,"code":154954,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154956,154957],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154958,154959,154961,154963,154965],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154960,1365],{"class":135},[44,154962,121],{"class":58},[44,154964,1354],{"class":117},[44,154966,100],{"class":58},[20,154968,11107],{},[169,154970,154971,154974,154977],{},[172,154972,154973],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[172,154975,154976],{},"The result is an integer",[172,154978,154979,154981],{},[15,154980,41997],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154983,189],{},[35,154985,154987],{"className":37,"code":154986,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154988,154989,155013,155027,155031],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,154990,154991,154993,154995,154997,154999,155001,155003,155005,155007,155009,155011],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,154992,199],{"class":50},[44,154994,55],{"class":54},[44,154996,59],{"class":58},[44,154998,207],{"class":206},[44,155000,72],{"class":58},[44,155002,212],{"class":206},[44,155004,72],{"class":58},[44,155006,217],{"class":206},[44,155008,72],{"class":58},[44,155010,50482],{"class":206},[44,155012,100],{"class":58},[44,155014,155015,155017,155019,155021,155023,155025],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155016,40878],{"class":50},[44,155018,55],{"class":54},[44,155020,38023],{"class":135},[44,155022,121],{"class":58},[44,155024,232],{"class":117},[44,155026,100],{"class":58},[44,155028,155029],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155030,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,155032,155033,155035,155037,155039],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,155034,136],{"class":135},[44,155036,121],{"class":58},[44,155038,1401],{"class":117},[44,155040,100],{"class":58},[20,155042,155043],{},[367,155044,247],{},[35,155046,155047],{"className":37,"code":48288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155048,155049],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155050,155051],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155052,48288],{"class":206},[20,155054,155055,155056,114],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[270,155057,3225,155058,3158],{"href":41994},[15,155059,41997],{},[30,155061,158,155063,155065],{"id":155062},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155064,41997],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155067,155068,155069,155071],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155070,41997],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[338,155073,155075],{"id":155074},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[35,155077,155079],{"className":37,"code":155078,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155080,155081,155113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155082,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091,155093,155095,155097,155099,155101,155103,155105,155107,155109,155111],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155084,1200],{"class":50},[44,155086,55],{"class":54},[44,155088,59],{"class":58},[44,155090,63],{"class":62},[44,155092,1209],{"class":66},[44,155094,63],{"class":62},[44,155096,72],{"class":58},[44,155098,75],{"class":62},[44,155100,1218],{"class":66},[44,155102,63],{"class":62},[44,155104,72],{"class":58},[44,155106,75],{"class":62},[44,155108,1227],{"class":66},[44,155110,63],{"class":62},[44,155112,100],{"class":58},[44,155114,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155125],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155116,136],{"class":135},[44,155118,121],{"class":58},[44,155120,1365],{"class":135},[44,155122,121],{"class":58},[44,155124,1244],{"class":117},[44,155126,244],{"class":58},[20,155128,155129],{},[367,155130,247],{},[35,155132,155133],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155134,155135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155136,155137],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155138,46255],{"class":206},[338,155140,155142],{"id":155141},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[35,155144,155146],{"className":37,"code":155145,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155147,155148,155157],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155149,155150,155153,155155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155151,155152],{"class":50},"empty_tuple ",[44,155154,55],{"class":54},[44,155156,148930],{"class":58},[44,155158,155159,155161,155163,155165,155167,155170],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155160,136],{"class":135},[44,155162,121],{"class":58},[44,155164,1365],{"class":135},[44,155166,121],{"class":58},[44,155168,155169],{"class":117},"empty_tuple",[44,155171,244],{"class":58},[20,155173,155174],{},[367,155175,247],{},[35,155177,155178],{"className":37,"code":46889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155179,155180],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155181,155182],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155183,46889],{"class":206},[338,155185,155187],{"id":155186},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[35,155189,155191],{"className":37,"code":155190,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155192,155193,155206],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155194,155195,155198,155200,155202,155204],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155196,155197],{"class":50},"single_value ",[44,155199,55],{"class":54},[44,155201,59],{"class":58},[44,155203,929],{"class":206},[44,155205,148944],{"class":58},[44,155207,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155219],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155209,136],{"class":135},[44,155211,121],{"class":58},[44,155213,1365],{"class":135},[44,155215,121],{"class":58},[44,155217,155218],{"class":117},"single_value",[44,155220,244],{"class":58},[20,155222,155223],{},[367,155224,247],{},[35,155226,155227],{"className":37,"code":250,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155228,155229],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155230,155231],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155232,250],{"class":206},[338,155234,155236],{"id":155235},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155238,155239],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[35,155241,155243],{"className":37,"code":155242,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155244,155245,155277],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155246,155247,155249,155251,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271,155273,155275],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155248,8816],{"class":50},[44,155250,55],{"class":54},[44,155252,59],{"class":58},[44,155254,1133],{"class":206},[44,155256,72],{"class":58},[44,155258,59],{"class":58},[44,155260,1137],{"class":206},[44,155262,72],{"class":58},[44,155264,524],{"class":206},[44,155266,8884],{"class":58},[44,155268,3273],{"class":58},[44,155270,1145],{"class":206},[44,155272,72],{"class":58},[44,155274,939],{"class":206},[44,155276,3538],{"class":58},[44,155278,155279,155281,155283,155285,155287,155289],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155280,136],{"class":135},[44,155282,121],{"class":58},[44,155284,1365],{"class":135},[44,155286,121],{"class":58},[44,155288,8855],{"class":117},[44,155290,244],{"class":58},[20,155292,155293],{},[367,155294,247],{},[35,155296,155297],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155298,155299],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155300,155301],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155302,46255],{"class":206},[20,155304,19600],{},[169,155306,155307,155312,155317],{},[172,155308,155309,155311],{},[15,155310,1133],{}," is one item",[172,155313,155314,155311],{},[15,155315,155316],{},"(2, 3)",[172,155318,155319,155311],{},[15,155320,155321],{},"[4, 5]",[30,155323,155325],{"id":155324},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[338,155327,155329],{"id":155328},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[35,155331,155333],{"className":37,"code":155332,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155334,155335,155375],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155336,155337,155339,155341,155343,155345,155347,155349,155351,155353,155355,155357,155359,155361,155363,155365,155367,155369,155371,155373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155338,51],{"class":50},[44,155340,55],{"class":54},[44,155342,59],{"class":58},[44,155344,63],{"class":62},[44,155346,67],{"class":66},[44,155348,63],{"class":62},[44,155350,72],{"class":58},[44,155352,75],{"class":62},[44,155354,87],{"class":66},[44,155356,63],{"class":62},[44,155358,72],{"class":58},[44,155360,75],{"class":62},[44,155362,78],{"class":66},[44,155364,63],{"class":62},[44,155366,72],{"class":58},[44,155368,75],{"class":62},[44,155370,745],{"class":66},[44,155372,63],{"class":62},[44,155374,100],{"class":58},[44,155376,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155378,136],{"class":135},[44,155380,121],{"class":58},[44,155382,1365],{"class":135},[44,155384,121],{"class":58},[44,155386,734],{"class":117},[44,155388,244],{"class":58},[20,155390,155391],{},[367,155392,247],{},[35,155394,155395],{"className":37,"code":48288,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155396,155397],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155398,155399],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155400,48288],{"class":206},[338,155402,155142],{"id":155403},"empty-tuple-1",[35,155405,155407],{"className":37,"code":155406,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155408,155409,155417],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155410,155411,155413,155415],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155412,7429],{"class":50},[44,155414,55],{"class":54},[44,155416,148930],{"class":58},[44,155418,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427,155429],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155420,136],{"class":135},[44,155422,121],{"class":58},[44,155424,1365],{"class":135},[44,155426,121],{"class":58},[44,155428,7458],{"class":117},[44,155430,244],{"class":58},[20,155432,155433],{},[367,155434,247],{},[35,155436,155437],{"className":37,"code":46889,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155438,155439],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155440,155441],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155442,46889],{"class":206},[338,155444,155446],{"id":155445},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155448,155449,155450,155452],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[367,155451,881],{}," always a tuple.",[35,155454,155456],{"className":37,"code":155455,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155457,155458,155470,155482,155486,155500,155514],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155459,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155461,2198],{"class":50},[44,155463,55],{"class":54},[44,155465,59],{"class":58},[44,155467,929],{"class":206},[44,155469,100],{"class":58},[44,155471,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155473,2226],{"class":50},[44,155475,55],{"class":54},[44,155477,59],{"class":58},[44,155479,929],{"class":206},[44,155481,148944],{"class":58},[44,155483,155484],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155485,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,155487,155488,155490,155492,155494,155496,155498],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,155489,136],{"class":135},[44,155491,121],{"class":58},[44,155493,2868],{"class":2546},[44,155495,121],{"class":58},[44,155497,270],{"class":117},[44,155499,244],{"class":58},[44,155501,155502,155504,155506,155508,155510,155512],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,155503,136],{"class":135},[44,155505,121],{"class":58},[44,155507,2868],{"class":2546},[44,155509,121],{"class":58},[44,155511,399],{"class":117},[44,155513,244],{"class":58},[44,155515,155516,155518,155520,155522,155524,155526],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,155517,136],{"class":135},[44,155519,121],{"class":58},[44,155521,1365],{"class":135},[44,155523,121],{"class":58},[44,155525,399],{"class":117},[44,155527,244],{"class":58},[20,155529,155530],{},[367,155531,247],{},[35,155533,155535],{"className":37,"code":155534,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155536,155537,155551,155565],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155538,155539,155541,155543,155545,155547,155549],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155540,2937],{"class":54},[44,155542,2940],{"class":1716},[44,155544,2943],{"class":62},[44,155546,1837],{"class":66},[44,155548,2948],{"class":62},[44,155550,2951],{"class":54},[44,155552,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561,155563],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155554,2937],{"class":54},[44,155556,2940],{"class":1716},[44,155558,2943],{"class":62},[44,155560,48591],{"class":66},[44,155562,2948],{"class":62},[44,155564,2951],{"class":54},[44,155566,155567],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155568,250],{"class":206},[20,155570,155571,155572,898,155575,114],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[270,155573,155574],{"href":147597},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[270,155576,148892],{"href":148891},[338,155578,155580],{"id":155579},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[35,155582,155584],{"className":37,"code":155583,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155585,155586,155630],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155587,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155604,155606,155608,155610,155612,155614,155616,155618,155620,155622,155624,155626,155628],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155589,59105],{"class":50},[44,155591,55],{"class":54},[44,155593,59],{"class":58},[44,155595,63],{"class":62},[44,155597,1209],{"class":66},[44,155599,63],{"class":62},[44,155601,72],{"class":58},[44,155603,3273],{"class":58},[44,155605,1133],{"class":206},[44,155607,72],{"class":58},[44,155609,488],{"class":206},[44,155611,17705],{"class":58},[44,155613,59],{"class":58},[44,155615,63],{"class":62},[44,155617,1823],{"class":66},[44,155619,63],{"class":62},[44,155621,72],{"class":58},[44,155623,75],{"class":62},[44,155625,11395],{"class":66},[44,155627,63],{"class":62},[44,155629,244],{"class":58},[44,155631,155632,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155633,136],{"class":135},[44,155635,121],{"class":58},[44,155637,1365],{"class":135},[44,155639,121],{"class":58},[44,155641,59158],{"class":117},[44,155643,244],{"class":58},[20,155645,155646],{},[367,155647,247],{},[35,155649,155650],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155651,155652],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155653,155654],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155655,46255],{"class":206},[20,155657,155658,155660],{},[15,155659,41997],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[30,155662,155664],{"id":155663},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[338,155666,155668,155670],{"id":155667},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155669,41997],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[35,155672,155674],{"className":37,"code":155673,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155675,155676,155700],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155677,155678,155680,155682,155684,155686,155688,155690,155692,155694,155696,155698],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155679,3720],{"class":50},[44,155681,55],{"class":54},[44,155683,59],{"class":58},[44,155685,63],{"class":62},[44,155687,63227],{"class":66},[44,155689,63],{"class":62},[44,155691,72],{"class":58},[44,155693,75],{"class":62},[44,155695,39],{"class":66},[44,155697,63],{"class":62},[44,155699,100],{"class":58},[44,155701,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155703,136],{"class":135},[44,155705,121],{"class":58},[44,155707,1365],{"class":135},[44,155709,121],{"class":58},[44,155711,3762],{"class":117},[44,155713,244],{"class":58},[20,155715,155716],{},[367,155717,247],{},[35,155719,155720],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155721,155722],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155723,155724],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155725,1121],{"class":206},[20,155727,155728,155729,155731],{},"This result is ",[15,155730,1137],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155733,155734],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[35,155736,155738],{"className":37,"code":155737,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155739,155740,155764],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155741,155742,155744,155746,155748,155750,155752,155754,155756,155758,155760,155762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155743,3720],{"class":50},[44,155745,55],{"class":54},[44,155747,59],{"class":58},[44,155749,63],{"class":62},[44,155751,63227],{"class":66},[44,155753,63],{"class":62},[44,155755,72],{"class":58},[44,155757,75],{"class":62},[44,155759,39],{"class":66},[44,155761,63],{"class":62},[44,155763,100],{"class":58},[44,155765,155766,155768,155770,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155767,136],{"class":135},[44,155769,121],{"class":58},[44,155771,1365],{"class":135},[44,155773,121],{"class":58},[44,155775,3762],{"class":117},[44,155777,1271],{"class":58},[44,155779,186],{"class":206},[44,155781,2644],{"class":58},[20,155783,155784],{},[367,155785,247],{},[35,155787,155788],{"className":37,"code":1121,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155789,155790],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155791,155792],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155793,1121],{"class":206},[20,155795,20413,155796,155799,155800,114],{},[15,155797,155798],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155801,155802],{},"\"hi\"",[338,155804,155806,155808],{"id":155805},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155807,41997],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[35,155810,155812],{"className":37,"code":155811,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155813,155814,155850],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155815,155816,155818,155820,155822,155824,155826,155828,155830,155832,155834,155836,155838,155840,155842,155844,155846,155848],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155817,922],{"class":50},[44,155819,55],{"class":54},[44,155821,9645],{"class":58},[44,155823,1133],{"class":206},[44,155825,72],{"class":58},[44,155827,488],{"class":206},[44,155829,8884],{"class":58},[44,155831,59],{"class":58},[44,155833,1141],{"class":206},[44,155835,72],{"class":58},[44,155837,1114],{"class":206},[44,155839,8884],{"class":58},[44,155841,59],{"class":58},[44,155843,929],{"class":206},[44,155845,72],{"class":58},[44,155847,37280],{"class":206},[44,155849,244],{"class":58},[44,155851,155852,155854,155856,155858,155860,155862],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155853,136],{"class":135},[44,155855,121],{"class":58},[44,155857,1365],{"class":135},[44,155859,121],{"class":58},[44,155861,962],{"class":117},[44,155863,244],{"class":58},[20,155865,155866],{},[367,155867,247],{},[35,155869,155870],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,155871,155872],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155873,155874],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155875,46255],{"class":206},[20,155877,155878],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[338,155880,155882],{"id":155881},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155884,25330],{},[35,155886,155888],{"className":37,"code":155887,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155889,155890,155902],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155891,155892,155894,155896,155898,155900],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155893,1380],{"class":50},[44,155895,55],{"class":54},[44,155897,59],{"class":58},[44,155899,207],{"class":206},[44,155901,100],{"class":58},[44,155903,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912,155914],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155905,136],{"class":135},[44,155907,121],{"class":58},[44,155909,2868],{"class":2546},[44,155911,121],{"class":58},[44,155913,302],{"class":117},[44,155915,244],{"class":58},[20,155917,155918],{},[367,155919,247],{},[35,155921,155923],{"className":37,"code":155922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155924,155925],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155926,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935,155937],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155928,2937],{"class":54},[44,155930,2940],{"class":1716},[44,155932,2943],{"class":62},[44,155934,1837],{"class":66},[44,155936,2948],{"class":62},[44,155938,2951],{"class":54},[20,155940,155941],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[35,155943,155945],{"className":37,"code":155944,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155946,155947,155959,155973],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155948,155949,155951,155953,155955,155957],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155950,1380],{"class":50},[44,155952,55],{"class":54},[44,155954,59],{"class":58},[44,155956,207],{"class":206},[44,155958,148944],{"class":58},[44,155960,155961,155963,155965,155967,155969,155971],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,155962,136],{"class":135},[44,155964,121],{"class":58},[44,155966,2868],{"class":2546},[44,155968,121],{"class":58},[44,155970,302],{"class":117},[44,155972,244],{"class":58},[44,155974,155975,155977,155979,155981,155983,155985],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,155976,136],{"class":135},[44,155978,121],{"class":58},[44,155980,1365],{"class":135},[44,155982,121],{"class":58},[44,155984,302],{"class":117},[44,155986,244],{"class":58},[20,155988,155989],{},[367,155990,247],{},[35,155992,155994],{"className":37,"code":155993,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155995,155996,156010],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,155997,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,155999,2937],{"class":54},[44,156001,2940],{"class":1716},[44,156003,2943],{"class":62},[44,156005,48591],{"class":66},[44,156007,2948],{"class":62},[44,156009,2951],{"class":54},[44,156011,156012],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156013,250],{"class":206},[338,156015,156017,156019],{"id":156016},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156018,1365],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156021,44066,156022,156024],{},[15,156023,1365],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156026,44097],{},[35,156028,156030],{"className":37,"code":156029,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156031,156032,156040,156060],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156033,156034,156036,156038],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156035,1365],{"class":135},[44,156037,12924],{"class":54},[44,156039,2231],{"class":206},[44,156041,156042,156044,156046,156048,156050,156052,156054,156056,156058],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156043,199],{"class":50},[44,156045,55],{"class":54},[44,156047,59],{"class":58},[44,156049,1133],{"class":206},[44,156051,72],{"class":58},[44,156053,488],{"class":206},[44,156055,72],{"class":58},[44,156057,524],{"class":206},[44,156059,100],{"class":58},[44,156061,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156063,136],{"class":135},[44,156065,121],{"class":58},[44,156067,1365],{"class":135},[44,156069,121],{"class":58},[44,156071,232],{"class":117},[44,156073,244],{"class":58},[20,156075,752,156076,156078],{},[15,156077,1365],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156080,156081],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[35,156083,156085],{"className":37,"code":156084,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156086,156087,156096,156116],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156088,156089,156092,156094],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156090,156091],{"class":50},"length_value ",[44,156093,55],{"class":54},[44,156095,2231],{"class":206},[44,156097,156098,156100,156102,156104,156106,156108,156110,156112,156114],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156099,199],{"class":50},[44,156101,55],{"class":54},[44,156103,59],{"class":58},[44,156105,1133],{"class":206},[44,156107,72],{"class":58},[44,156109,488],{"class":206},[44,156111,72],{"class":58},[44,156113,524],{"class":206},[44,156115,100],{"class":58},[44,156117,156118,156120,156122,156124,156126,156128],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156119,136],{"class":135},[44,156121,121],{"class":58},[44,156123,1365],{"class":135},[44,156125,121],{"class":58},[44,156127,232],{"class":117},[44,156129,244],{"class":58},[20,156131,156132],{},[367,156133,247],{},[35,156135,156136],{"className":37,"code":46255,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156137,156138],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156139,156140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156141,46255],{"class":206},[30,156143,156145],{"id":156144},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156147,156148,156150],{},[15,156149,41997],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[338,156152,156154],{"id":156153},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[35,156156,156158],{"className":37,"code":156157,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156159,156160,156168,156172,156190],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156161,156162,156164,156166],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156163,7429],{"class":50},[44,156165,55],{"class":54},[44,156167,148930],{"class":58},[44,156169,156170],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156171,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,156173,156174,156176,156178,156180,156182,156184,156186,156188],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156175,806],{"class":805},[44,156177,38023],{"class":135},[44,156179,121],{"class":58},[44,156181,7458],{"class":117},[44,156183,144],{"class":58},[44,156185,6056],{"class":54},[44,156187,3483],{"class":206},[44,156189,820],{"class":58},[44,156191,156192,156194,156196,156198,156201,156203],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,156193,825],{"class":135},[44,156195,121],{"class":58},[44,156197,63],{"class":62},[44,156199,156200],{"class":66},"The tuple is empty",[44,156202,63],{"class":62},[44,156204,100],{"class":58},[20,156206,156207],{},[367,156208,247],{},[35,156210,156212],{"className":37,"code":156211,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156213,156214],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156215,156216,156218,156220,156222],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156217,164],{"class":50},[44,156219,48591],{"class":2546},[44,156221,7745],{"class":54},[44,156223,7751],{"class":50},[338,156225,156227],{"id":156226},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[35,156229,156231],{"className":37,"code":156230,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156232,156233,156249,156253,156271],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156234,156235,156237,156239,156241,156243,156245,156247],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156236,51021],{"class":50},[44,156238,55],{"class":54},[44,156240,59],{"class":58},[44,156242,1145],{"class":206},[44,156244,72],{"class":58},[44,156246,5642],{"class":206},[44,156248,100],{"class":58},[44,156250,156251],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156252,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,156254,156255,156257,156259,156261,156263,156265,156267,156269],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156256,806],{"class":805},[44,156258,38023],{"class":135},[44,156260,121],{"class":58},[44,156262,51046],{"class":117},[44,156264,144],{"class":58},[44,156266,6056],{"class":54},[44,156268,488],{"class":206},[44,156270,820],{"class":58},[44,156272,156273,156275,156277,156279,156282,156284],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,156274,825],{"class":135},[44,156276,121],{"class":58},[44,156278,63],{"class":62},[44,156280,156281],{"class":66},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[44,156283,63],{"class":62},[44,156285,100],{"class":58},[20,156287,156288],{},[367,156289,247],{},[35,156291,156293],{"className":37,"code":156292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156294,156295],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156296,156297,156300,156302],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156298,156299],{"class":50},"This looks like an x",[44,156301,72],{"class":58},[44,156303,156304],{"class":50}," y coordinate\n",[338,156306,156308],{"id":156307},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[35,156310,156312],{"className":37,"code":156311,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156313,156314,156343,156347,156365],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156315,156316,156318,156320,156322,156324,156326,156328,156330,156332,156334,156336,156339,156341],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156317,11137],{"class":50},[44,156319,55],{"class":54},[44,156321,59],{"class":58},[44,156323,63],{"class":62},[44,156325,12531],{"class":66},[44,156327,63],{"class":62},[44,156329,72],{"class":58},[44,156331,8956],{"class":206},[44,156333,72],{"class":58},[44,156335,75],{"class":62},[44,156337,156338],{"class":66},"Canada",[44,156340,63],{"class":62},[44,156342,100],{"class":58},[44,156344,156345],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156346,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,156348,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357,156359,156361,156363],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156350,806],{"class":805},[44,156352,38023],{"class":135},[44,156354,121],{"class":58},[44,156356,11231],{"class":117},[44,156358,144],{"class":58},[44,156360,6056],{"class":54},[44,156362,524],{"class":206},[44,156364,820],{"class":58},[44,156366,156367,156369,156371,156373,156376,156378],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,156368,825],{"class":135},[44,156370,121],{"class":58},[44,156372,63],{"class":62},[44,156374,156375],{"class":66},"User record has the expected number of values",[44,156377,63],{"class":62},[44,156379,100],{"class":58},[20,156381,156382],{},[367,156383,247],{},[35,156385,156387],{"className":37,"code":156386,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156388,156389],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156390,156391],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156392,156386],{"class":50},[338,156394,156396],{"id":156395},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[35,156398,156400],{"className":37,"code":156399,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156401,156402,156434,156438,156458],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156403,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412,156414,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430,156432],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156405,382],{"class":50},[44,156407,55],{"class":54},[44,156409,59],{"class":58},[44,156411,63],{"class":62},[44,156413,270],{"class":66},[44,156415,63],{"class":62},[44,156417,72],{"class":58},[44,156419,75],{"class":62},[44,156421,399],{"class":66},[44,156423,63],{"class":62},[44,156425,72],{"class":58},[44,156427,75],{"class":62},[44,156429,408],{"class":66},[44,156431,63],{"class":62},[44,156433,100],{"class":58},[44,156435,156436],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156437,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,156439,156440,156442,156444,156446,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156441,5606],{"class":805},[44,156443,69165],{"class":50},[44,156445,1383],{"class":805},[44,156447,53706],{"class":135},[44,156449,121],{"class":58},[44,156451,1365],{"class":135},[44,156453,121],{"class":58},[44,156455,444],{"class":117},[44,156457,69180],{"class":58},[44,156459,156460,156462,156464,156466,156468,156470,156472,156474],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,156461,825],{"class":135},[44,156463,121],{"class":58},[44,156465,35793],{"class":117},[44,156467,72],{"class":58},[44,156469,69713],{"class":117},[44,156471,1271],{"class":58},[44,156473,35793],{"class":117},[44,156475,3538],{"class":58},[20,156477,156478],{},[367,156479,247],{},[35,156481,156482],{"className":37,"code":35805,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,156483,156484,156490,156496],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156485,156486,156488],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156487,186],{"class":206},[44,156489,35814],{"class":50},[44,156491,156492,156494],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156493,1133],{"class":206},[44,156495,35821],{"class":50},[44,156497,156498,156500],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156499,1137],{"class":206},[44,156501,35828],{"class":50},[20,156503,156504,156505,156507,156508,114],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[270,156506,676],{"href":149260},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[270,156509,150504],{"href":150503},[30,156511,1299],{"id":1298},[20,156513,156514],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[169,156516,156517,156525,156532,156537],{},[172,156518,156519,156520,10742,156523],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156521,156522],{},"(5)",[15,156524,149095],{},[172,156526,895,156527,156529,156530],{},[15,156528,1365],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156531,41997],{},[172,156533,1312,156534,156536],{},[15,156535,41997],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[172,156538,156539],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156541,31723],{},[35,156543,156545],{"className":37,"code":156544,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156546,156547,156557,156571,156585],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156548,156549,156551,156553,156555],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156550,136],{"class":135},[44,156552,121],{"class":58},[44,156554,1354],{"class":117},[44,156556,100],{"class":58},[44,156558,156559,156561,156563,156565,156567,156569],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156560,136],{"class":135},[44,156562,121],{"class":58},[44,156564,2868],{"class":2546},[44,156566,121],{"class":58},[44,156568,1354],{"class":117},[44,156570,244],{"class":58},[44,156572,156573,156575,156577,156579,156581,156583],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156574,136],{"class":135},[44,156576,121],{"class":58},[44,156578,1365],{"class":135},[44,156580,121],{"class":58},[44,156582,1354],{"class":117},[44,156584,244],{"class":58},[44,156586,156587,156589,156591,156593],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,156588,31793],{"class":135},[44,156590,121],{"class":58},[44,156592,1365],{"class":135},[44,156594,100],{"class":58},[20,156596,154709],{},[169,156598,156599,156602,156605,156609],{},[172,156600,156601],{},"what value you are using",[172,156603,156604],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[172,156606,25659,156607,11355],{},[15,156608,41997],{},[172,156610,122988,156611,156613],{},[15,156612,41997],{}," is documented in Python",[30,156615,1497],{"id":1496},[338,156617,156619],{"id":156618},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156621,651,156622,156625],{},[15,156623,156624],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[338,156627,12355,156629,148770],{"id":156628},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156630,41997],{},[20,156632,46003,156633,156635],{},[15,156634,41997],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[338,156637,156639],{"id":156638},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156641,156642,156643,114],{},"The length is ",[15,156644,186],{},[338,156646,156648],{"id":156647},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156650,150450,156651,156653],{},[15,156652,150453],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[338,156655,12355,156657,156659],{"id":156656},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156658,41997],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156661,156662],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[30,156664,1554],{"id":1553},[169,156666,156667,156673,156677,156681,156685],{},[172,156668,156669],{},[270,156670,3225,156671,3158],{"href":41994},[15,156672,41997],{},[172,156674,156675],{},[270,156676,155574],{"href":147597},[172,156678,156679],{},[270,156680,676],{"href":149260},[172,156682,156683],{},[270,156684,150504],{"href":150503},[172,156686,156687],{},[270,156688,156689],{"href":148891},"What is a tuple in Python",[1583,156691,156692],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":156694},[156695,156696,156697,156704,156710,156719,156725,156726,156735],{"id":14810,"depth":103,"text":14811},{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":155062,"depth":103,"text":156698,"children":156699},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156700,156701,156702,156703],{"id":155074,"depth":132,"text":155075},{"id":155141,"depth":132,"text":155142},{"id":155186,"depth":132,"text":155187},{"id":155235,"depth":132,"text":155236},{"id":155324,"depth":103,"text":155325,"children":156705},[156706,156707,156708,156709],{"id":155328,"depth":132,"text":155329},{"id":155403,"depth":132,"text":155142},{"id":155445,"depth":132,"text":155446},{"id":155579,"depth":132,"text":155580},{"id":155663,"depth":103,"text":155664,"children":156711},[156712,156714,156716,156717],{"id":155667,"depth":132,"text":156713},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155805,"depth":132,"text":156715},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155881,"depth":132,"text":155882},{"id":156016,"depth":132,"text":156718},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156144,"depth":103,"text":156145,"children":156720},[156721,156722,156723,156724],{"id":156153,"depth":132,"text":156154},{"id":156226,"depth":132,"text":156227},{"id":156307,"depth":132,"text":156308},{"id":156395,"depth":132,"text":156396},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":156727},[156728,156729,156731,156732,156733],{"id":156618,"depth":132,"text":156619},{"id":156628,"depth":132,"text":156730},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156638,"depth":132,"text":156639},{"id":156647,"depth":132,"text":156648},{"id":156656,"depth":132,"text":156734},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154846,"description":156736},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156743,"title":156744,"body":156745,"description":159130,"extension":1616,"meta":159131,"navigation":434,"path":159132,"seo":159133,"stem":159134,"__hash__":159135},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156746,"toc":159091},[156747,156750,156753,156756,156779,156785,156787,156898,156902,156905,156915,156917,157016,157018,157095,157101,157105,157108,157131,157134,157151,157154,157156,157219,157221,157238,157249,157254,157256,157259,157265,157316,157318,157338,157342,157393,157395,157416,157420,157475,157477,157498,157502,157557,157559,157580,157584,157637,157639,157668,157670,157672,157675,157679,157736,157738,157759,157763,157816,157818,157843,157848,157852,157857,157875,157878,157941,157943,157964,157967,158028,158030,158051,158054,158097,158100,158104,158109,158113,158192,158194,158225,158229,158304,158306,158333,158337,158384,158386,158394,158399,158403,158406,158421,158423,158511,158513,158538,158541,158584,158593,158595,158598,158613,158616,158620,158674,158676,158696,158701,158705,158707,158745,158748,158798,158802,158875,158877,158914,158917,158919,158922,158942,158945,159014,159016,159029,159031,159035,159038,159042,159045,159050,159053,159059,159064,159066,159088],[10,156748,156744],{"id":156749},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156751,156752],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156754,156755],{},"Use this format:",[35,156757,156759],{"className":37,"code":156758,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156760,156761],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156762,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156764,48591],{"class":50},[44,156766,1271],{"class":58},[44,156768,353],{"class":50},[44,156770,1155],{"class":58},[44,156772,75043],{"class":50},[44,156774,1155],{"class":58},[44,156776,75046],{"class":50},[44,156778,3286],{"class":58},[20,156780,164,156781,75079,156783,114],{},[15,156782,75043],{},[367,156784,369],{},[30,156786,33],{"id":32},[35,156788,156790],{"className":37,"code":156789,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156791,156792,156820,156824,156845,156862,156879],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156793,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156795,199],{"class":50},[44,156797,55],{"class":54},[44,156799,59],{"class":58},[44,156801,207],{"class":206},[44,156803,72],{"class":58},[44,156805,212],{"class":206},[44,156807,72],{"class":58},[44,156809,217],{"class":206},[44,156811,72],{"class":58},[44,156813,50482],{"class":206},[44,156815,72],{"class":58},[44,156817,4729],{"class":206},[44,156819,100],{"class":58},[44,156821,156822],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156823,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,156825,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156827,136],{"class":135},[44,156829,121],{"class":58},[44,156831,232],{"class":117},[44,156833,1271],{"class":58},[44,156835,1133],{"class":206},[44,156837,1155],{"class":58},[44,156839,1145],{"class":206},[44,156841,1276],{"class":58},[44,156843,156844],{"class":147},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[44,156846,156847,156849,156851,156853,156855,156857,156859],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,156848,136],{"class":135},[44,156850,121],{"class":58},[44,156852,232],{"class":117},[44,156854,75152],{"class":58},[44,156856,1141],{"class":206},[44,156858,1276],{"class":58},[44,156860,156861],{"class":147},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[44,156863,156864,156866,156868,156870,156872,156874,156876],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,156865,136],{"class":135},[44,156867,121],{"class":58},[44,156869,232],{"class":117},[44,156871,73739],{"class":58},[44,156873,1137],{"class":206},[44,156875,1276],{"class":58},[44,156877,156878],{"class":147},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[44,156880,156881,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,156882,136],{"class":135},[44,156884,121],{"class":58},[44,156886,232],{"class":117},[44,156888,73739],{"class":58},[44,156890,1674],{"class":54},[44,156892,1133],{"class":206},[44,156894,1276],{"class":58},[44,156896,156897],{"class":147},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[30,156899,156901],{"id":156900},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156903,156904],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[169,156906,156907,156909,156912],{},[172,156908,75346],{},[172,156910,156911],{},"The result is a new tuple",[172,156913,156914],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156916,189],{},[35,156918,156920],{"className":37,"code":156919,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156921,156922,156970,156974,156992,156996,157006],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,156923,156924,156926,156928,156930,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946,156948,156950,156952,156954,156956,156958,156960,156962,156964,156966,156968],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,156925,382],{"class":50},[44,156927,55],{"class":54},[44,156929,59],{"class":58},[44,156931,63],{"class":62},[44,156933,270],{"class":66},[44,156935,63],{"class":62},[44,156937,72],{"class":58},[44,156939,75],{"class":62},[44,156941,399],{"class":66},[44,156943,63],{"class":62},[44,156945,72],{"class":58},[44,156947,75],{"class":62},[44,156949,408],{"class":66},[44,156951,63],{"class":62},[44,156953,72],{"class":58},[44,156955,75],{"class":62},[44,156957,425],{"class":66},[44,156959,63],{"class":62},[44,156961,72],{"class":58},[44,156963,75],{"class":62},[44,156965,60080],{"class":66},[44,156967,63],{"class":62},[44,156969,100],{"class":58},[44,156971,156972],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,156973,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,156975,156976,156978,156980,156982,156984,156986,156988,156990],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,156977,75276],{"class":50},[44,156979,55],{"class":54},[44,156981,69713],{"class":50},[44,156983,1271],{"class":58},[44,156985,1133],{"class":206},[44,156987,1155],{"class":58},[44,156989,1145],{"class":206},[44,156991,3286],{"class":58},[44,156993,156994],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,156995,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,156997,156998,157000,157002,157004],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,156999,136],{"class":135},[44,157001,121],{"class":58},[44,157003,75299],{"class":117},[44,157005,100],{"class":58},[44,157007,157008,157010,157012,157014],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,157009,136],{"class":135},[44,157011,121],{"class":58},[44,157013,444],{"class":117},[44,157015,100],{"class":58},[20,157017,247],{},[35,157019,157021],{"className":37,"code":157020,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157022,157023,157051],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157024,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157026,121],{"class":58},[44,157028,2948],{"class":62},[44,157030,399],{"class":66},[44,157032,2948],{"class":62},[44,157034,72],{"class":58},[44,157036,2943],{"class":62},[44,157038,408],{"class":66},[44,157040,2948],{"class":62},[44,157042,72],{"class":58},[44,157044,2943],{"class":62},[44,157046,425],{"class":66},[44,157048,2948],{"class":62},[44,157050,100],{"class":58},[44,157052,157053,157055,157057,157059,157061,157063,157065,157067,157069,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085,157087,157089,157091,157093],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157054,121],{"class":58},[44,157056,2948],{"class":62},[44,157058,270],{"class":66},[44,157060,2948],{"class":62},[44,157062,72],{"class":58},[44,157064,2943],{"class":62},[44,157066,399],{"class":66},[44,157068,2948],{"class":62},[44,157070,72],{"class":58},[44,157072,2943],{"class":62},[44,157074,408],{"class":66},[44,157076,2948],{"class":62},[44,157078,72],{"class":58},[44,157080,2943],{"class":62},[44,157082,425],{"class":66},[44,157084,2948],{"class":62},[44,157086,72],{"class":58},[44,157088,2943],{"class":62},[44,157090,60080],{"class":66},[44,157092,2948],{"class":62},[44,157094,100],{"class":58},[20,157096,157097,157098,114],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[270,157099,147594],{"href":157100},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[30,157102,157104],{"id":157103},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157106,157107],{},"The full syntax is:",[35,157109,157111],{"className":37,"code":157110,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157112,157113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157114,157115,157117,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157116,1354],{"class":50},[44,157118,1271],{"class":58},[44,157120,353],{"class":50},[44,157122,1155],{"class":58},[44,157124,75043],{"class":50},[44,157126,1155],{"class":58},[44,157128,75046],{"class":50},[44,157130,3286],{"class":58},[20,157132,157133],{},"Each part has a job:",[169,157135,157136,157141,157146],{},[172,157137,157138,157140],{},[15,157139,353],{},": where slicing begins",[172,157142,157143,157145],{},[15,157144,75043],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[172,157147,157148,157150],{},[15,157149,75046],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157152,157153],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157155,189],{},[35,157157,157159],{"className":37,"code":157158,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157160,157161,157193,157197],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157162,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173,157175,157177,157179,157181,157183,157185,157187,157189,157191],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157164,199],{"class":50},[44,157166,55],{"class":54},[44,157168,59],{"class":58},[44,157170,207],{"class":206},[44,157172,72],{"class":58},[44,157174,212],{"class":206},[44,157176,72],{"class":58},[44,157178,217],{"class":206},[44,157180,72],{"class":58},[44,157182,50482],{"class":206},[44,157184,72],{"class":58},[44,157186,4729],{"class":206},[44,157188,72],{"class":58},[44,157190,75717],{"class":206},[44,157192,100],{"class":58},[44,157194,157195],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157196,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157198,157199,157201,157203,157205,157207,157209,157211,157213,157215,157217],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157200,136],{"class":135},[44,157202,121],{"class":58},[44,157204,232],{"class":117},[44,157206,1271],{"class":58},[44,157208,1133],{"class":206},[44,157210,1155],{"class":58},[44,157212,929],{"class":206},[44,157214,1155],{"class":58},[44,157216,1137],{"class":206},[44,157218,3538],{"class":58},[20,157220,247],{},[35,157222,157224],{"className":37,"code":157223,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157225,157226],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157227,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157229,121],{"class":58},[44,157231,241],{"class":206},[44,157233,72],{"class":58},[44,157235,50482],{"class":206},[44,157237,100],{"class":58},[20,157239,157240,157241,157243,157244,157246,157247,114],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157242,1133],{},", stops before index ",[15,157245,929],{},", and moves by ",[15,157248,1137],{},[20,157250,157251,157252,114],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[270,157253,676],{"href":675},[30,157255,75633],{"id":75632},[20,157257,157258],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[338,157260,157262,157263,5614],{"id":157261},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157264,75647],{},[35,157266,157268],{"className":37,"code":157267,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157269,157270,157298,157302],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157271,157272,157274,157276,157278,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292,157294,157296],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157273,199],{"class":50},[44,157275,55],{"class":54},[44,157277,59],{"class":58},[44,157279,207],{"class":206},[44,157281,72],{"class":58},[44,157283,212],{"class":206},[44,157285,72],{"class":58},[44,157287,217],{"class":206},[44,157289,72],{"class":58},[44,157291,50482],{"class":206},[44,157293,72],{"class":58},[44,157295,4729],{"class":206},[44,157297,100],{"class":58},[44,157299,157300],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157301,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157303,157304,157306,157308,157310,157312,157314],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157305,136],{"class":135},[44,157307,121],{"class":58},[44,157309,232],{"class":117},[44,157311,75152],{"class":58},[44,157313,1141],{"class":206},[44,157315,3538],{"class":58},[20,157317,247],{},[35,157319,157320],{"className":37,"code":150949,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,157321,157322],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157323,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157325,121],{"class":58},[44,157327,207],{"class":206},[44,157329,72],{"class":58},[44,157331,212],{"class":206},[44,157333,72],{"class":58},[44,157335,217],{"class":206},[44,157337,100],{"class":58},[338,157339,157341],{"id":157340},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[35,157343,157345],{"className":37,"code":157344,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157346,157347,157375,157379],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157348,157349,157351,157353,157355,157357,157359,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157350,199],{"class":50},[44,157352,55],{"class":54},[44,157354,59],{"class":58},[44,157356,207],{"class":206},[44,157358,72],{"class":58},[44,157360,212],{"class":206},[44,157362,72],{"class":58},[44,157364,217],{"class":206},[44,157366,72],{"class":58},[44,157368,50482],{"class":206},[44,157370,72],{"class":58},[44,157372,4729],{"class":206},[44,157374,100],{"class":58},[44,157376,157377],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157378,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157380,157381,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157382,136],{"class":135},[44,157384,121],{"class":58},[44,157386,232],{"class":117},[44,157388,1271],{"class":58},[44,157390,1137],{"class":206},[44,157392,77332],{"class":58},[20,157394,247],{},[35,157396,157398],{"className":37,"code":157397,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157399,157400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157401,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410,157412,157414],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157403,121],{"class":58},[44,157405,36479],{"class":206},[44,157407,72],{"class":58},[44,157409,50482],{"class":206},[44,157411,72],{"class":58},[44,157413,4729],{"class":206},[44,157415,100],{"class":58},[338,157417,157419],{"id":157418},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[35,157421,157423],{"className":37,"code":157422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157424,157425,157453,157457],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157426,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435,157437,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157428,199],{"class":50},[44,157430,55],{"class":54},[44,157432,59],{"class":58},[44,157434,207],{"class":206},[44,157436,72],{"class":58},[44,157438,212],{"class":206},[44,157440,72],{"class":58},[44,157442,217],{"class":206},[44,157444,72],{"class":58},[44,157446,50482],{"class":206},[44,157448,72],{"class":58},[44,157450,4729],{"class":206},[44,157452,100],{"class":58},[44,157454,157455],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157456,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157458,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157460,136],{"class":135},[44,157462,121],{"class":58},[44,157464,232],{"class":117},[44,157466,1271],{"class":58},[44,157468,1133],{"class":206},[44,157470,1155],{"class":58},[44,157472,1145],{"class":206},[44,157474,3538],{"class":58},[20,157476,247],{},[35,157478,157480],{"className":37,"code":157479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157481,157482],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157483,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157485,121],{"class":58},[44,157487,241],{"class":206},[44,157489,72],{"class":58},[44,157491,217],{"class":206},[44,157493,72],{"class":58},[44,157495,50482],{"class":206},[44,157497,100],{"class":58},[338,157499,157501],{"id":157500},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[35,157503,157505],{"className":37,"code":157504,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157506,157507,157539,157543],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157508,157509,157511,157513,157515,157517,157519,157521,157523,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157510,199],{"class":50},[44,157512,55],{"class":54},[44,157514,59],{"class":58},[44,157516,207],{"class":206},[44,157518,72],{"class":58},[44,157520,212],{"class":206},[44,157522,72],{"class":58},[44,157524,217],{"class":206},[44,157526,72],{"class":58},[44,157528,50482],{"class":206},[44,157530,72],{"class":58},[44,157532,4729],{"class":206},[44,157534,72],{"class":58},[44,157536,75717],{"class":206},[44,157538,100],{"class":58},[44,157540,157541],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157542,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157544,157545,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157546,136],{"class":135},[44,157548,121],{"class":58},[44,157550,232],{"class":117},[44,157552,73739],{"class":58},[44,157554,1137],{"class":206},[44,157556,3538],{"class":58},[20,157558,247],{},[35,157560,157562],{"className":37,"code":157561,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157563,157564],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157565,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574,157576,157578],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157567,121],{"class":58},[44,157569,207],{"class":206},[44,157571,72],{"class":58},[44,157573,217],{"class":206},[44,157575,72],{"class":58},[44,157577,4729],{"class":206},[44,157579,100],{"class":58},[338,157581,157583],{"id":157582},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[35,157585,157587],{"className":37,"code":157586,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157588,157589,157617,157621],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157590,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157592,199],{"class":50},[44,157594,55],{"class":54},[44,157596,59],{"class":58},[44,157598,207],{"class":206},[44,157600,72],{"class":58},[44,157602,212],{"class":206},[44,157604,72],{"class":58},[44,157606,217],{"class":206},[44,157608,72],{"class":58},[44,157610,50482],{"class":206},[44,157612,72],{"class":58},[44,157614,4729],{"class":206},[44,157616,100],{"class":58},[44,157618,157619],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157620,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157622,157623,157625,157627,157629,157631,157633,157635],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157624,136],{"class":135},[44,157626,121],{"class":58},[44,157628,232],{"class":117},[44,157630,73739],{"class":58},[44,157632,1674],{"class":54},[44,157634,1133],{"class":206},[44,157636,3538],{"class":58},[20,157638,247],{},[35,157640,157642],{"className":37,"code":157641,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157643,157644],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157645,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157647,121],{"class":58},[44,157649,76411],{"class":206},[44,157651,72],{"class":58},[44,157653,50482],{"class":206},[44,157655,72],{"class":58},[44,157657,217],{"class":206},[44,157659,72],{"class":58},[44,157661,212],{"class":206},[44,157663,72],{"class":58},[44,157665,934],{"class":206},[44,157667,100],{"class":58},[30,157669,75927],{"id":75926},[20,157671,153854],{},[20,157673,157674],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[338,157676,157678],{"id":157677},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[35,157680,157682],{"className":37,"code":157681,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157683,157684,157716,157720],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157685,157686,157688,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700,157702,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157687,199],{"class":50},[44,157689,55],{"class":54},[44,157691,59],{"class":58},[44,157693,207],{"class":206},[44,157695,72],{"class":58},[44,157697,212],{"class":206},[44,157699,72],{"class":58},[44,157701,217],{"class":206},[44,157703,72],{"class":58},[44,157705,50482],{"class":206},[44,157707,72],{"class":58},[44,157709,4729],{"class":206},[44,157711,72],{"class":58},[44,157713,75717],{"class":206},[44,157715,100],{"class":58},[44,157717,157718],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157719,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157721,157722,157724,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157723,136],{"class":135},[44,157725,121],{"class":58},[44,157727,232],{"class":117},[44,157729,1271],{"class":58},[44,157731,1674],{"class":54},[44,157733,1141],{"class":206},[44,157735,77332],{"class":58},[20,157737,247],{},[35,157739,157741],{"className":37,"code":157740,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157742,157743],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157744,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157746,121],{"class":58},[44,157748,56329],{"class":206},[44,157750,72],{"class":58},[44,157752,4729],{"class":206},[44,157754,72],{"class":58},[44,157756,75717],{"class":206},[44,157758,100],{"class":58},[338,157760,157762],{"id":157761},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[35,157764,157766],{"className":37,"code":157765,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157767,157768,157796,157800],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157769,157770,157772,157774,157776,157778,157780,157782,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157771,199],{"class":50},[44,157773,55],{"class":54},[44,157775,59],{"class":58},[44,157777,207],{"class":206},[44,157779,72],{"class":58},[44,157781,212],{"class":206},[44,157783,72],{"class":58},[44,157785,217],{"class":206},[44,157787,72],{"class":58},[44,157789,50482],{"class":206},[44,157791,72],{"class":58},[44,157793,4729],{"class":206},[44,157795,100],{"class":58},[44,157797,157798],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157799,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157801,157802,157804,157806,157808,157810,157812,157814],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157803,136],{"class":135},[44,157805,121],{"class":58},[44,157807,232],{"class":117},[44,157809,75152],{"class":58},[44,157811,1674],{"class":54},[44,157813,1133],{"class":206},[44,157815,3538],{"class":58},[20,157817,247],{},[35,157819,157821],{"className":37,"code":157820,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157822,157823],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157824,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837,157839,157841],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157826,121],{"class":58},[44,157828,207],{"class":206},[44,157830,72],{"class":58},[44,157832,212],{"class":206},[44,157834,72],{"class":58},[44,157836,217],{"class":206},[44,157838,72],{"class":58},[44,157840,50482],{"class":206},[44,157842,100],{"class":58},[20,157844,157845,157846,114],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[270,157847,150509],{"href":156738},[30,157849,157851],{"id":157850},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157853,164,157854,157856],{},[15,157855,75046],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[169,157858,157859,157861,157863,157869],{},[172,157860,76183],{},[172,157862,76186],{},[172,157864,157865,157868],{},[15,157866,157867],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[172,157870,157871,157872,157874],{},"A step of ",[15,157873,186],{}," is not allowed",[20,157876,157877],{},"Example with a positive step:",[35,157879,157881],{"className":37,"code":157880,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157882,157883,157915,157919],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157884,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157886,199],{"class":50},[44,157888,55],{"class":54},[44,157890,59],{"class":58},[44,157892,207],{"class":206},[44,157894,72],{"class":58},[44,157896,212],{"class":206},[44,157898,72],{"class":58},[44,157900,217],{"class":206},[44,157902,72],{"class":58},[44,157904,50482],{"class":206},[44,157906,72],{"class":58},[44,157908,4729],{"class":206},[44,157910,72],{"class":58},[44,157912,75717],{"class":206},[44,157914,100],{"class":58},[44,157916,157917],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,157918,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,157920,157921,157923,157925,157927,157929,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,157922,136],{"class":135},[44,157924,121],{"class":58},[44,157926,232],{"class":117},[44,157928,1271],{"class":58},[44,157930,1133],{"class":206},[44,157932,1155],{"class":58},[44,157934,80210],{"class":206},[44,157936,1155],{"class":58},[44,157938,1137],{"class":206},[44,157940,3538],{"class":58},[20,157942,247],{},[35,157944,157946],{"className":37,"code":157945,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157947,157948],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157949,157950,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157951,121],{"class":58},[44,157953,241],{"class":206},[44,157955,72],{"class":58},[44,157957,50482],{"class":206},[44,157959,72],{"class":58},[44,157961,75717],{"class":206},[44,157963,100],{"class":58},[20,157965,157966],{},"Example with a negative step:",[35,157968,157970],{"className":37,"code":157969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157971,157972,158000,158004],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,157973,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982,157984,157986,157988,157990,157992,157994,157996,157998],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,157975,199],{"class":50},[44,157977,55],{"class":54},[44,157979,59],{"class":58},[44,157981,207],{"class":206},[44,157983,72],{"class":58},[44,157985,212],{"class":206},[44,157987,72],{"class":58},[44,157989,217],{"class":206},[44,157991,72],{"class":58},[44,157993,50482],{"class":206},[44,157995,72],{"class":58},[44,157997,4729],{"class":206},[44,157999,100],{"class":58},[44,158001,158002],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158003,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158005,158006,158008,158010,158012,158014,158016,158018,158020,158022,158024,158026],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158007,136],{"class":135},[44,158009,121],{"class":58},[44,158011,232],{"class":117},[44,158013,1271],{"class":58},[44,158015,1145],{"class":206},[44,158017,1155],{"class":58},[44,158019,1133],{"class":206},[44,158021,1155],{"class":58},[44,158023,1674],{"class":54},[44,158025,1133],{"class":206},[44,158027,3538],{"class":58},[20,158029,247],{},[35,158031,158033],{"className":37,"code":158032,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158034,158035],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158036,158037,158039,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158038,121],{"class":58},[44,158040,76411],{"class":206},[44,158042,72],{"class":58},[44,158044,50482],{"class":206},[44,158046,72],{"class":58},[44,158048,217],{"class":206},[44,158050,100],{"class":58},[20,158052,158053],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[35,158055,158057],{"className":37,"code":158056,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158058,158059,158079,158083],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158060,158061,158063,158065,158067,158069,158071,158073,158075,158077],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158062,199],{"class":50},[44,158064,55],{"class":54},[44,158066,59],{"class":58},[44,158068,207],{"class":206},[44,158070,72],{"class":58},[44,158072,212],{"class":206},[44,158074,72],{"class":58},[44,158076,217],{"class":206},[44,158078,100],{"class":58},[44,158080,158081],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158082,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158084,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158086,136],{"class":135},[44,158088,121],{"class":58},[44,158090,232],{"class":117},[44,158092,73739],{"class":58},[44,158094,186],{"class":206},[44,158096,3538],{"class":58},[20,158098,158099],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[30,158101,158103],{"id":158102},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158105,158106,158107,33382],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[367,158108,48591],{},[338,158110,158112],{"id":158111},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[35,158114,158116],{"className":37,"code":158115,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158117,158118,158142,158146,158164,158168,158178],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158119,158120,158122,158124,158126,158128,158130,158132,158134,158136,158138,158140],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158121,199],{"class":50},[44,158123,55],{"class":54},[44,158125,59],{"class":58},[44,158127,207],{"class":206},[44,158129,72],{"class":58},[44,158131,212],{"class":206},[44,158133,72],{"class":58},[44,158135,217],{"class":206},[44,158137,72],{"class":58},[44,158139,50482],{"class":206},[44,158141,100],{"class":58},[44,158143,158144],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158145,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158147,158148,158150,158152,158154,158156,158158,158160,158162],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158149,604],{"class":50},[44,158151,55],{"class":54},[44,158153,3912],{"class":50},[44,158155,1271],{"class":58},[44,158157,1133],{"class":206},[44,158159,1155],{"class":58},[44,158161,1141],{"class":206},[44,158163,3286],{"class":58},[44,158165,158166],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,158167,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158169,158170,158172,158174,158176],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,158171,136],{"class":135},[44,158173,121],{"class":58},[44,158175,632],{"class":117},[44,158177,100],{"class":58},[44,158179,158180,158182,158184,158186,158188,158190],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,158181,136],{"class":135},[44,158183,121],{"class":58},[44,158185,2868],{"class":2546},[44,158187,121],{"class":58},[44,158189,632],{"class":117},[44,158191,244],{"class":58},[20,158193,247],{},[35,158195,158197],{"className":37,"code":158196,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158198,158199,158211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158200,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158202,121],{"class":58},[44,158204,241],{"class":206},[44,158206,72],{"class":58},[44,158208,217],{"class":206},[44,158210,100],{"class":58},[44,158212,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158214,2937],{"class":54},[44,158216,2940],{"class":1716},[44,158218,2943],{"class":62},[44,158220,48591],{"class":66},[44,158222,2948],{"class":62},[44,158224,2951],{"class":54},[338,158226,158228],{"id":158227},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[35,158230,158232],{"className":37,"code":158231,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158233,158234,158254,158258,158276,158280,158290],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158235,158236,158238,158240,158242,158244,158246,158248,158250,158252],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158237,199],{"class":50},[44,158239,55],{"class":54},[44,158241,59],{"class":58},[44,158243,207],{"class":206},[44,158245,72],{"class":58},[44,158247,212],{"class":206},[44,158249,72],{"class":58},[44,158251,217],{"class":206},[44,158253,100],{"class":58},[44,158255,158256],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158257,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158259,158260,158262,158264,158266,158268,158270,158272,158274],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158261,604],{"class":50},[44,158263,55],{"class":54},[44,158265,3912],{"class":50},[44,158267,1271],{"class":58},[44,158269,1133],{"class":206},[44,158271,1155],{"class":58},[44,158273,1137],{"class":206},[44,158275,3286],{"class":58},[44,158277,158278],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,158279,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158281,158282,158284,158286,158288],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,158283,136],{"class":135},[44,158285,121],{"class":58},[44,158287,632],{"class":117},[44,158289,100],{"class":58},[44,158291,158292,158294,158296,158298,158300,158302],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,158293,136],{"class":135},[44,158295,121],{"class":58},[44,158297,2868],{"class":2546},[44,158299,121],{"class":58},[44,158301,632],{"class":117},[44,158303,244],{"class":58},[20,158305,247],{},[35,158307,158309],{"className":37,"code":158308,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158310,158311,158319],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158312,158313,158315,158317],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158314,121],{"class":58},[44,158316,241],{"class":206},[44,158318,148944],{"class":58},[44,158320,158321,158323,158325,158327,158329,158331],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158322,2937],{"class":54},[44,158324,2940],{"class":1716},[44,158326,2943],{"class":62},[44,158328,48591],{"class":66},[44,158330,2948],{"class":62},[44,158332,2951],{"class":54},[338,158334,158336],{"id":158335},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[35,158338,158340],{"className":37,"code":158339,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158341,158342,158362,158366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158343,158344,158346,158348,158350,158352,158354,158356,158358,158360],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158345,199],{"class":50},[44,158347,55],{"class":54},[44,158349,59],{"class":58},[44,158351,207],{"class":206},[44,158353,72],{"class":58},[44,158355,212],{"class":206},[44,158357,72],{"class":58},[44,158359,217],{"class":206},[44,158361,100],{"class":58},[44,158363,158364],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158365,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158367,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158369,136],{"class":135},[44,158371,121],{"class":58},[44,158373,232],{"class":117},[44,158375,1271],{"class":58},[44,158377,929],{"class":206},[44,158379,1155],{"class":58},[44,158381,1992],{"class":206},[44,158383,3538],{"class":58},[20,158385,247],{},[35,158387,158388],{"className":37,"code":8292,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158389,158390],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158391,158392],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158393,8292],{"class":58},[20,158395,158396,158397,114],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[270,158398,155574],{"href":1571},[30,158400,158402],{"id":158401},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158404,158405],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[169,158407,158408,158410,158413,158418],{},[172,158409,76491],{},[172,158411,158412],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[172,158414,158415,158416],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158417,70348],{},[172,158419,158420],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158422,189],{},[35,158424,158426],{"className":37,"code":158425,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158427,158428,158448,158452,158469,158490],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158429,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158431,199],{"class":50},[44,158433,55],{"class":54},[44,158435,59],{"class":58},[44,158437,207],{"class":206},[44,158439,72],{"class":58},[44,158441,212],{"class":206},[44,158443,72],{"class":58},[44,158445,217],{"class":206},[44,158447,100],{"class":58},[44,158449,158450],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158451,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158453,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464,158466],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158455,136],{"class":135},[44,158457,121],{"class":58},[44,158459,232],{"class":117},[44,158461,1271],{"class":58},[44,158463,1133],{"class":206},[44,158465,1276],{"class":58},[44,158467,158468],{"class":147},"    # one item\n",[44,158470,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481,158483,158485,158487],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,158472,136],{"class":135},[44,158474,121],{"class":58},[44,158476,232],{"class":117},[44,158478,1271],{"class":58},[44,158480,1133],{"class":206},[44,158482,1155],{"class":58},[44,158484,929],{"class":206},[44,158486,1276],{"class":58},[44,158488,158489],{"class":147},"  # slice\n",[44,158491,158492,158494,158496,158498,158500,158502,158504,158506,158508],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,158493,136],{"class":135},[44,158495,121],{"class":58},[44,158497,232],{"class":117},[44,158499,1271],{"class":58},[44,158501,929],{"class":206},[44,158503,1155],{"class":58},[44,158505,1992],{"class":206},[44,158507,1276],{"class":58},[44,158509,158510],{"class":147},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158512,247],{},[35,158514,158516],{"className":37,"code":158515,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158517,158518,158522,158534],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158519,158520],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158521,70841],{"class":206},[44,158523,158524,158526,158528,158530,158532],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158525,121],{"class":58},[44,158527,241],{"class":206},[44,158529,72],{"class":58},[44,158531,217],{"class":206},[44,158533,100],{"class":58},[44,158535,158536],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158537,8292],{"class":58},[20,158539,158540],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[35,158542,158544],{"className":37,"code":158543,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158545,158546,158566,158570],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158547,158548,158550,158552,158554,158556,158558,158560,158562,158564],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158549,199],{"class":50},[44,158551,55],{"class":54},[44,158553,59],{"class":58},[44,158555,207],{"class":206},[44,158557,72],{"class":58},[44,158559,212],{"class":206},[44,158561,72],{"class":58},[44,158563,217],{"class":206},[44,158565,100],{"class":58},[44,158567,158568],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158569,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158571,158572,158574,158576,158578,158580,158582],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158573,136],{"class":135},[44,158575,121],{"class":58},[44,158577,232],{"class":117},[44,158579,1271],{"class":58},[44,158581,929],{"class":206},[44,158583,3538],{"class":58},[20,158585,158586,158587,158589,158590,114],{},"This raises an ",[15,158588,70348],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[270,158591,154327],{"href":158592},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[30,158594,14825],{"id":76758},[20,158596,158597],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[169,158599,158600,158603,158605,158608],{},[172,158601,158602],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[172,158604,60325],{},[172,158606,158607],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[172,158609,158610,158611],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158612,186],{},[20,158614,158615],{},"Here are a few examples.",[338,158617,158619],{"id":158618},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[35,158621,158622],{"className":37,"code":157422,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158623,158624,158652,158656],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158625,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158627,199],{"class":50},[44,158629,55],{"class":54},[44,158631,59],{"class":58},[44,158633,207],{"class":206},[44,158635,72],{"class":58},[44,158637,212],{"class":206},[44,158639,72],{"class":58},[44,158641,217],{"class":206},[44,158643,72],{"class":58},[44,158645,50482],{"class":206},[44,158647,72],{"class":58},[44,158649,4729],{"class":206},[44,158651,100],{"class":58},[44,158653,158654],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158655,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158657,158658,158660,158662,158664,158666,158668,158670,158672],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158659,136],{"class":135},[44,158661,121],{"class":58},[44,158663,232],{"class":117},[44,158665,1271],{"class":58},[44,158667,1133],{"class":206},[44,158669,1155],{"class":58},[44,158671,1145],{"class":206},[44,158673,3538],{"class":58},[20,158675,247],{},[35,158677,158678],{"className":37,"code":157479,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158679,158680],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158681,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690,158692,158694],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158683,121],{"class":58},[44,158685,241],{"class":206},[44,158687,72],{"class":58},[44,158689,217],{"class":206},[44,158691,72],{"class":58},[44,158693,50482],{"class":206},[44,158695,100],{"class":58},[20,158697,132019,158698,158700],{},[15,158699,1145],{}," is not included.",[338,158702,158704],{"id":158703},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158706,4175],{},[35,158708,158710],{"className":37,"code":158709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158711,158712,158736,158740],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158713,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728,158730,158732,158734],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158715,199],{"class":50},[44,158717,55],{"class":54},[44,158719,59],{"class":58},[44,158721,207],{"class":206},[44,158723,72],{"class":58},[44,158725,212],{"class":206},[44,158727,72],{"class":58},[44,158729,217],{"class":206},[44,158731,72],{"class":58},[44,158733,50482],{"class":206},[44,158735,100],{"class":58},[44,158737,158738],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158739,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158741,158742],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158743,158744],{"class":147},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158746,158747],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[35,158749,158750],{"className":37,"code":154407,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,158751,158752,158776,158780],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158753,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768,158770,158772,158774],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158755,199],{"class":50},[44,158757,55],{"class":54},[44,158759,59],{"class":58},[44,158761,207],{"class":206},[44,158763,72],{"class":58},[44,158765,212],{"class":206},[44,158767,72],{"class":58},[44,158769,217],{"class":206},[44,158771,72],{"class":58},[44,158773,50482],{"class":206},[44,158775,100],{"class":58},[44,158777,158778],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158779,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158781,158782,158784,158786,158788,158790,158792,158794,158796],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158783,136],{"class":135},[44,158785,121],{"class":58},[44,158787,232],{"class":117},[44,158789,1271],{"class":58},[44,158791,1133],{"class":206},[44,158793,1155],{"class":58},[44,158795,1141],{"class":206},[44,158797,3538],{"class":58},[338,158799,158801],{"id":158800},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[35,158803,158805],{"className":37,"code":158804,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158806,158807,158831,158835,158850,158854,158865],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158808,158809,158811,158813,158815,158817,158819,158821,158823,158825,158827,158829],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158810,199],{"class":50},[44,158812,55],{"class":54},[44,158814,59],{"class":58},[44,158816,207],{"class":206},[44,158818,72],{"class":58},[44,158820,212],{"class":206},[44,158822,72],{"class":58},[44,158824,217],{"class":206},[44,158826,72],{"class":58},[44,158828,50482],{"class":206},[44,158830,100],{"class":58},[44,158832,158833],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158834,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158836,158837,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158838,158839],{"class":50},"slice_result ",[44,158841,55],{"class":54},[44,158843,3912],{"class":50},[44,158845,75152],{"class":58},[44,158847,1137],{"class":206},[44,158849,3286],{"class":58},[44,158851,158852],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,158853,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,158855,158856,158858,158860,158863],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,158857,136],{"class":135},[44,158859,121],{"class":58},[44,158861,158862],{"class":117},"slice_result",[44,158864,100],{"class":58},[44,158866,158867,158869,158871,158873],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,158868,136],{"class":135},[44,158870,121],{"class":58},[44,158872,232],{"class":117},[44,158874,100],{"class":58},[20,158876,247],{},[35,158878,158880],{"className":37,"code":158879,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158881,158882,158894],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158883,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158885,121],{"class":58},[44,158887,207],{"class":206},[44,158889,72],{"class":58},[44,158891,212],{"class":206},[44,158893,100],{"class":58},[44,158895,158896,158898,158900,158902,158904,158906,158908,158910,158912],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158897,121],{"class":58},[44,158899,207],{"class":206},[44,158901,72],{"class":58},[44,158903,212],{"class":206},[44,158905,72],{"class":58},[44,158907,217],{"class":206},[44,158909,72],{"class":58},[44,158911,50482],{"class":206},[44,158913,100],{"class":58},[20,158915,158916],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[30,158918,113335],{"id":113334},[20,158920,158921],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[169,158923,158924,158927,158930,158936,158939],{},[172,158925,158926],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[172,158928,158929],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[172,158931,158932,158933],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158934,158935],{},"tuple[::0]",[172,158937,158938],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[172,158940,158941],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158943,158944],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[35,158946,158948],{"className":37,"code":158947,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158949,158950,158960,158978,159000],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,158951,158952,158954,158956,158958],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,158953,136],{"class":135},[44,158955,121],{"class":58},[44,158957,1354],{"class":117},[44,158959,100],{"class":58},[44,158961,158962,158964,158966,158968,158970,158972,158974,158976],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,158963,136],{"class":135},[44,158965,121],{"class":58},[44,158967,1354],{"class":117},[44,158969,1271],{"class":58},[44,158971,1133],{"class":206},[44,158973,1155],{"class":58},[44,158975,1145],{"class":206},[44,158977,3538],{"class":58},[44,158979,158980,158982,158984,158986,158988,158990,158992,158994,158996,158998],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,158981,136],{"class":135},[44,158983,121],{"class":58},[44,158985,2868],{"class":2546},[44,158987,121],{"class":58},[44,158989,1354],{"class":117},[44,158991,1271],{"class":58},[44,158993,1133],{"class":206},[44,158995,1155],{"class":58},[44,158997,1145],{"class":206},[44,158999,2644],{"class":58},[44,159001,159002,159004,159006,159008,159010,159012],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,159003,136],{"class":135},[44,159005,121],{"class":58},[44,159007,1365],{"class":135},[44,159009,121],{"class":58},[44,159011,1354],{"class":117},[44,159013,244],{"class":58},[20,159015,10820],{},[169,159017,159018,159020,159023,159026],{},[172,159019,154714],{},[172,159021,159022],{},"what the slice actually returns",[172,159024,159025],{},"that the result is a tuple",[172,159027,159028],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[30,159030,1497],{"id":1496},[338,159032,159034],{"id":159033},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159036,159037],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[338,159039,159041],{"id":159040},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159043,159044],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[338,159046,1501,159048,39597],{"id":159047},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159049,157867],{},[20,159051,159052],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[338,159054,159056,159057,1547],{"id":159055},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159058,70348],{},[20,159060,159061,159062,114],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159063,70348],{},[30,159065,1554],{"id":1553},[169,159067,159068,159072,159076,159080,159084],{},[172,159069,159070],{},[270,159071,155574],{"href":1571},[172,159073,159074],{},[270,159075,676],{"href":675},[172,159077,159078],{},[270,159079,150509],{"href":156738},[172,159081,159082],{},[270,159083,147594],{"href":157100},[172,159085,159086],{},[270,159087,154327],{"href":158592},[1583,159089,159090],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":159092},[159093,159094,159095,159096,159104,159108,159109,159114,159115,159120,159121,159129],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":156900,"depth":103,"text":156901},{"id":157103,"depth":103,"text":157104},{"id":75632,"depth":103,"text":75633,"children":159097},[159098,159100,159101,159102,159103],{"id":157261,"depth":132,"text":159099},"Get the first n items",{"id":157340,"depth":132,"text":157341},{"id":157418,"depth":132,"text":157419},{"id":157500,"depth":132,"text":157501},{"id":157582,"depth":132,"text":157583},{"id":75926,"depth":103,"text":75927,"children":159105},[159106,159107],{"id":157677,"depth":132,"text":157678},{"id":157761,"depth":132,"text":157762},{"id":157850,"depth":103,"text":157851},{"id":158102,"depth":103,"text":158103,"children":159110},[159111,159112,159113],{"id":158111,"depth":132,"text":158112},{"id":158227,"depth":132,"text":158228},{"id":158335,"depth":132,"text":158336},{"id":158401,"depth":103,"text":158402},{"id":76758,"depth":103,"text":14825,"children":159116},[159117,159118,159119],{"id":158618,"depth":132,"text":158619},{"id":158703,"depth":132,"text":158704},{"id":158800,"depth":132,"text":158801},{"id":113334,"depth":103,"text":113335},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":159122},[159123,159124,159125,159127],{"id":159033,"depth":132,"text":159034},{"id":159040,"depth":132,"text":159041},{"id":159047,"depth":132,"text":159126},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159055,"depth":132,"text":159128},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156744,"description":159130},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159137,"title":159138,"body":159139,"description":160962,"extension":1616,"meta":160963,"navigation":434,"path":34450,"seo":160964,"stem":160965,"__hash__":160966},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159140,"toc":160928},[159141,159146,159151,159155,159173,159176,159191,159197,159199,159256,159258,159290,159302,159308,159313,159316,159351,159357,159359,159362,159376,159379,159381,159404,159406,159424,159427,159443,159445,159448,159561,159563,159652,159655,159660,159666,159669,159672,159771,159773,159832,159837,159840,159909,159913,159945,159961,159966,159973,159980,159992,159994,160043,160045,160068,160074,160122,160127,160134,160142,160148,160151,160175,160178,160180,160256,160258,160283,160289,160292,160297,160301,160315,160317,160380,160382,160414,160417,160433,160435,160441,160448,160450,160469,160471,160489,160496,160501,160508,160510,160547,160550,160557,160561,160564,160622,160625,160628,160683,160685,160697,160703,160705,160709,160742,160749,160751,160814,160817,160819,160824,160838,160845,160853,160862,160871,160877,160883,160885,160925],[10,159142,3225,159144,3229],{"id":159143},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159145,1949],{},[20,159147,31958,159148,159150],{},[15,159149,1949],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159152,62398,159153,104183],{},[15,159154,1949],{},[169,159156,159157,159160,159163,159166],{},[172,159158,159159],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[172,159161,159162],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[172,159164,159165],{},"debug confusing code",[172,159167,159168,159169],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[270,159170,159171],{"href":7868},[15,159172,2603],{},[20,159174,159175],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[35,159177,159179],{"className":37,"code":159178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(object)\n",[15,159180,159181],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159182,159183,159185,159187,159189],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159184,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159186,121],{"class":58},[44,159188,42035],{"class":2546},[44,159190,100],{"class":58},[20,159192,159193,159194,159196],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159195,1949],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[30,159198,3259],{"id":3258},[35,159200,159202],{"className":37,"code":159201,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159203,159204,159216,159230,159234,159242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159205,159206,159208,159210,159212,159214],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159207,7525],{"class":50},[44,159209,55],{"class":54},[44,159211,75],{"class":62},[44,159213,4652],{"class":66},[44,159215,3007],{"class":62},[44,159217,159218,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159219,136],{"class":135},[44,159221,121],{"class":58},[44,159223,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159225,121],{"class":58},[44,159227,7318],{"class":117},[44,159229,244],{"class":58},[44,159231,159232],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159233,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,159235,159236,159238,159240],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,159237,1865],{"class":50},[44,159239,55],{"class":54},[44,159241,2231],{"class":206},[44,159243,159244,159246,159248,159250,159252,159254],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,159245,136],{"class":135},[44,159247,121],{"class":58},[44,159249,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159251,121],{"class":58},[44,159253,1887],{"class":117},[44,159255,244],{"class":58},[20,159257,247],{},[35,159259,159260],{"className":37,"code":124682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159261,159262,159276],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159263,159264,159266,159268,159270,159272,159274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159265,2937],{"class":54},[44,159267,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159269,2943],{"class":62},[44,159271,3092],{"class":66},[44,159273,2948],{"class":62},[44,159275,2951],{"class":54},[44,159277,159278,159280,159282,159284,159286,159288],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159279,2937],{"class":54},[44,159281,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159283,2943],{"class":62},[44,159285,1837],{"class":66},[44,159287,2948],{"class":62},[44,159289,2951],{"class":54},[20,159291,651,159292,159295,159296,898,159299,114],{},[15,159293,159294],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159297,159298],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159300,159301],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[30,159303,12647,159305,159307],{"id":159304},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159306,1949],{}," function does",[20,159309,159310,159312],{},[15,159311,1949],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159314,159315],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[169,159317,159318,159323,159328,159333,159338,159343],{},[172,159319,159320,159322],{},[15,159321,3092],{}," for text",[172,159324,159325,159327],{},[15,159326,1837],{}," for whole numbers",[172,159329,159330,159332],{},[15,159331,1840],{}," for decimal numbers",[172,159334,159335,159337],{},[15,159336,7742],{}," for lists",[172,159339,159340,159342],{},[15,159341,8471],{}," for dictionaries",[172,159344,159345,68712,159347,898,159349],{},[15,159346,3518],{},[15,159348,3254],{},[15,159350,3324],{},[20,159352,159353,159354,159356],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159355,1949],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[30,159358,277],{"id":276},[20,159360,159361],{},"The main beginner form is:",[35,159363,159364],{"className":37,"code":159178,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159365,159366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159367,159368,159370,159372,159374],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159369,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159371,121],{"class":58},[44,159373,42035],{"class":2546},[44,159375,100],{"class":58},[20,159377,159378],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159380,189],{},[35,159382,159384],{"className":37,"code":159383,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159385,159386],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159387,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398,159400,159402],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159389,136],{"class":135},[44,159391,121],{"class":58},[44,159393,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159395,121],{"class":58},[44,159397,63],{"class":62},[44,159399,3495],{"class":66},[44,159401,63],{"class":62},[44,159403,244],{"class":58},[20,159405,247],{},[35,159407,159408],{"className":37,"code":45408,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159409,159410],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159411,159412,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159413,2937],{"class":54},[44,159415,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159417,2943],{"class":62},[44,159419,3092],{"class":66},[44,159421,2948],{"class":62},[44,159423,2951],{"class":54},[20,159425,159426],{},"You can pass either:",[169,159428,159429,159436],{},[172,159430,159431,159432,2522,159434],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159433,64166],{},[15,159435,46164],{},[172,159437,159438,159439,2522,159441],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159440,7318],{},[15,159442,8949],{},[30,159444,121494],{"id":121493},[20,159446,159447],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[35,159449,159451],{"className":37,"code":159450,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159452,159453,159471,159485,159499,159521,159547],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159454,159455,159457,159459,159461,159463,159465,159467,159469],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159456,136],{"class":135},[44,159458,121],{"class":58},[44,159460,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159462,121],{"class":58},[44,159464,63],{"class":62},[44,159466,3495],{"class":66},[44,159468,63],{"class":62},[44,159470,244],{"class":58},[44,159472,159473,159475,159477,159479,159481,159483],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159474,136],{"class":135},[44,159476,121],{"class":58},[44,159478,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159480,121],{"class":58},[44,159482,207],{"class":206},[44,159484,244],{"class":58},[44,159486,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495,159497],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159488,136],{"class":135},[44,159490,121],{"class":58},[44,159492,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159494,121],{"class":58},[44,159496,39780],{"class":206},[44,159498,244],{"class":58},[44,159500,159501,159503,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515,159517,159519],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,159502,136],{"class":135},[44,159504,121],{"class":58},[44,159506,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159508,2631],{"class":58},[44,159510,1133],{"class":206},[44,159512,72],{"class":58},[44,159514,488],{"class":206},[44,159516,72],{"class":58},[44,159518,524],{"class":206},[44,159520,2644],{"class":58},[44,159522,159523,159525,159527,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539,159541,159543,159545],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,159524,136],{"class":135},[44,159526,121],{"class":58},[44,159528,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159530,5177],{"class":58},[44,159532,63],{"class":62},[44,159534,7318],{"class":66},[44,159536,63],{"class":62},[44,159538,1155],{"class":58},[44,159540,75],{"class":62},[44,159542,4652],{"class":66},[44,159544,63],{"class":62},[44,159546,5186],{"class":58},[44,159548,159549,159551,159553,159555,159557,159559],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,159550,136],{"class":135},[44,159552,121],{"class":58},[44,159554,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159556,121],{"class":58},[44,159558,3254],{"class":3502},[44,159560,244],{"class":58},[20,159562,247],{},[35,159564,159566],{"className":37,"code":159565,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159567,159568,159582,159596,159610,159624,159638],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159569,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578,159580],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159571,2937],{"class":54},[44,159573,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159575,2943],{"class":62},[44,159577,3092],{"class":66},[44,159579,2948],{"class":62},[44,159581,2951],{"class":54},[44,159583,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592,159594],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159585,2937],{"class":54},[44,159587,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159589,2943],{"class":62},[44,159591,1837],{"class":66},[44,159593,2948],{"class":62},[44,159595,2951],{"class":54},[44,159597,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606,159608],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159599,2937],{"class":54},[44,159601,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159603,2943],{"class":62},[44,159605,1840],{"class":66},[44,159607,2948],{"class":62},[44,159609,2951],{"class":54},[44,159611,159612,159614,159616,159618,159620,159622],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,159613,2937],{"class":54},[44,159615,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159617,2943],{"class":62},[44,159619,7742],{"class":66},[44,159621,2948],{"class":62},[44,159623,2951],{"class":54},[44,159625,159626,159628,159630,159632,159634,159636],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,159627,2937],{"class":54},[44,159629,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159631,2943],{"class":62},[44,159633,8471],{"class":66},[44,159635,2948],{"class":62},[44,159637,2951],{"class":54},[44,159639,159640,159642,159644,159646,159648,159650],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,159641,2937],{"class":54},[44,159643,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159645,2943],{"class":62},[44,159647,3518],{"class":66},[44,159649,2948],{"class":62},[44,159651,2951],{"class":54},[20,159653,159654],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159656,159657,159658,114],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[270,159659,44435],{"href":48616},[30,159661,895,159663,159665],{"id":159662},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159664,1949],{}," with variables",[20,159667,159668],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159670,159671],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[35,159673,159675],{"className":37,"code":159674,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159676,159677,159685,159703,159707,159719,159737,159741,159753],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159678,159679,159681,159683],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159680,1380],{"class":50},[44,159682,55],{"class":54},[44,159684,2231],{"class":206},[44,159686,159687,159689,159691,159693,159695,159697,159699,159701],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159688,136],{"class":135},[44,159690,121],{"class":58},[44,159692,302],{"class":117},[44,159694,72],{"class":58},[44,159696,49028],{"class":2546},[44,159698,121],{"class":58},[44,159700,302],{"class":117},[44,159702,244],{"class":58},[44,159704,159705],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159706,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,159708,159709,159711,159713,159715,159717],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,159710,1380],{"class":50},[44,159712,55],{"class":54},[44,159714,75],{"class":62},[44,159716,45545],{"class":66},[44,159718,3007],{"class":62},[44,159720,159721,159723,159725,159727,159729,159731,159733,159735],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,159722,136],{"class":135},[44,159724,121],{"class":58},[44,159726,302],{"class":117},[44,159728,72],{"class":58},[44,159730,49028],{"class":2546},[44,159732,121],{"class":58},[44,159734,302],{"class":117},[44,159736,244],{"class":58},[44,159738,159739],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,159740,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,159742,159743,159745,159747,159749,159751],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,159744,1380],{"class":50},[44,159746,55],{"class":54},[44,159748,3273],{"class":58},[44,159750,207],{"class":206},[44,159752,3286],{"class":58},[44,159754,159755,159757,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769],{"class":46,"line":6074},[44,159756,136],{"class":135},[44,159758,121],{"class":58},[44,159760,302],{"class":117},[44,159762,72],{"class":58},[44,159764,49028],{"class":2546},[44,159766,121],{"class":58},[44,159768,302],{"class":117},[44,159770,244],{"class":58},[20,159772,247],{},[35,159774,159776],{"className":37,"code":159775,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159777,159778,159795,159812],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159779,159780,159782,159785,159787,159789,159791,159793],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159781,207],{"class":206},[44,159783,159784],{"class":54}," \u003C",[44,159786,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159788,2943],{"class":62},[44,159790,1837],{"class":66},[44,159792,2948],{"class":62},[44,159794,2951],{"class":54},[44,159796,159797,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808,159810],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159798,159799],{"class":50},"ten ",[44,159801,2937],{"class":54},[44,159803,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159805,2943],{"class":62},[44,159807,3092],{"class":66},[44,159809,2948],{"class":62},[44,159811,2951],{"class":54},[44,159813,159814,159816,159818,159820,159822,159824,159826,159828,159830],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159815,1271],{"class":58},[44,159817,207],{"class":206},[44,159819,12921],{"class":58},[44,159821,159784],{"class":54},[44,159823,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159825,2943],{"class":62},[44,159827,7742],{"class":66},[44,159829,2948],{"class":62},[44,159831,2951],{"class":54},[20,159833,159834,159836],{},[15,159835,1949],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159838,159839],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[35,159841,159843],{"className":37,"code":159842,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159844,159845,159863,159877,159881,159895],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159846,159847,159849,159851,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159848,3040],{"class":50},[44,159850,55],{"class":54},[44,159852,7891],{"class":135},[44,159854,121],{"class":58},[44,159856,63],{"class":62},[44,159858,41507],{"class":66},[44,159860,63],{"class":62},[44,159862,100],{"class":58},[44,159864,159865,159867,159869,159871,159873,159875],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159866,136],{"class":135},[44,159868,121],{"class":58},[44,159870,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159872,121],{"class":58},[44,159874,3066],{"class":117},[44,159876,244],{"class":58},[44,159878,159879],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,159880,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,159882,159883,159885,159887,159889,159891,159893],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,159884,122606],{"class":50},[44,159886,55],{"class":54},[44,159888,44914],{"class":2546},[44,159890,121],{"class":58},[44,159892,3066],{"class":117},[44,159894,100],{"class":58},[44,159896,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905,159907],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,159898,136],{"class":135},[44,159900,121],{"class":58},[44,159902,2868],{"class":2546},[44,159904,121],{"class":58},[44,159906,122629],{"class":117},[44,159908,244],{"class":58},[20,159910,40757,159911,40761],{},[15,159912,8844],{},[35,159914,159915],{"className":37,"code":124682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,159916,159917,159931],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,159918,159919,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,159920,2937],{"class":54},[44,159922,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159924,2943],{"class":62},[44,159926,3092],{"class":66},[44,159928,2948],{"class":62},[44,159930,2951],{"class":54},[44,159932,159933,159935,159937,159939,159941,159943],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,159934,2937],{"class":54},[44,159936,2940],{"class":1716},[44,159938,2943],{"class":62},[44,159940,1837],{"class":66},[44,159942,2948],{"class":62},[44,159944,2951],{"class":54},[20,159946,45341,159947,159951,159952,2522,159956,159960],{},[270,159948,159949],{"href":7868},[15,159950,2603],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[270,159953,159954],{"href":2518},[15,159955,2521],{},[270,159957,159958],{"href":2525},[15,159959,2528],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159962,159963,159964,114],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[270,159965,8631],{"href":8630},[30,159967,159969,10236,159971],{"id":159968},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159970,1949],{},[15,159972,44443],{},[20,159974,159975,898,159977,159979],{},[15,159976,1949],{},[15,159978,44443],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[169,159981,159982,159987],{},[172,159983,159984,159986],{},[15,159985,1949],{}," tells you the exact type",[172,159988,159989,159991],{},[15,159990,44443],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159993,189],{},[35,159995,159997],{"className":37,"code":159996,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159998,159999,160007,160011,160025],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160000,160001,160003,160005],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160002,1380],{"class":50},[44,160004,55],{"class":54},[44,160006,34484],{"class":206},[44,160008,160009],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160010,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,160012,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021,160023],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160014,136],{"class":135},[44,160016,121],{"class":58},[44,160018,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160020,121],{"class":58},[44,160022,302],{"class":117},[44,160024,244],{"class":58},[44,160026,160027,160029,160031,160033,160035,160037,160039,160041],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,160028,136],{"class":135},[44,160030,121],{"class":58},[44,160032,48513],{"class":135},[44,160034,121],{"class":58},[44,160036,302],{"class":117},[44,160038,72],{"class":58},[44,160040,44914],{"class":2546},[44,160042,244],{"class":58},[20,160044,247],{},[35,160046,160048],{"className":37,"code":160047,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160049,160050,160064],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160051,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160053,2937],{"class":54},[44,160055,2940],{"class":1716},[44,160057,2943],{"class":62},[44,160059,1837],{"class":66},[44,160061,2948],{"class":62},[44,160063,2951],{"class":54},[44,160065,160066],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160067,3629],{"class":3502},[20,160069,160070,160071,160073],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160072,44443],{}," is more practical.",[35,160075,160077],{"className":37,"code":160076,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160078,160079,160087,160091,160107],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160080,160081,160083,160085],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160082,1380],{"class":50},[44,160084,55],{"class":54},[44,160086,34484],{"class":206},[44,160088,160089],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160090,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,160092,160093,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103,160105],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160094,806],{"class":805},[44,160096,49251],{"class":135},[44,160098,121],{"class":58},[44,160100,302],{"class":117},[44,160102,72],{"class":58},[44,160104,44914],{"class":2546},[44,160106,7991],{"class":58},[44,160108,160109,160111,160113,160115,160118,160120],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,160110,825],{"class":135},[44,160112,121],{"class":58},[44,160114,63],{"class":62},[44,160116,160117],{"class":66},"This is an integer",[44,160119,63],{"class":62},[44,160121,100],{"class":58},[20,160123,651,160124,160126],{},[15,160125,1949],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160128,651,160129,160131,160132,6821],{},[15,160130,44443],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160133,806],{},[20,160135,160136,160137,114],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[270,160138,3225,160140,3158],{"href":160139},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160141,44443],{},[30,160143,160145,160146],{"id":160144},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160147,1949],{},[20,160149,160150],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[35,160152,160154],{"className":37,"code":160153,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160155,160156],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160157,160158,160160,160162,160164,160166,160169,160171,160173],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160159,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160161,121],{"class":58},[44,160163,7318],{"class":117},[44,160165,72],{"class":58},[44,160167,160168],{"class":117}," bases",[44,160170,72],{"class":58},[44,160172,8821],{"class":2546},[44,160174,100],{"class":58},[20,160176,160177],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160179,189],{},[35,160181,160183],{"className":37,"code":160182,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160184,160185,160228,160232,160242],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160186,160187,160190,160192,160194,160196,160198,160201,160203,160205,160208,160210,160212,160215,160217,160219,160221,160224,160226],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160188,160189],{"class":50},"Person ",[44,160191,55],{"class":54},[44,160193,49028],{"class":2546},[44,160195,121],{"class":58},[44,160197,63],{"class":62},[44,160199,160200],{"class":66},"Person",[44,160202,63],{"class":62},[44,160204,72],{"class":58},[44,160206,160207],{"class":58}," (),",[44,160209,10141],{"class":58},[44,160211,63],{"class":62},[44,160213,160214],{"class":66},"species",[44,160216,63],{"class":62},[44,160218,1155],{"class":58},[44,160220,75],{"class":62},[44,160222,160223],{"class":66},"human",[44,160225,63],{"class":62},[44,160227,30136],{"class":58},[44,160229,160230],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160231,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,160233,160234,160236,160238,160240],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160235,136],{"class":135},[44,160237,121],{"class":58},[44,160239,160200],{"class":117},[44,160241,100],{"class":58},[44,160243,160244,160246,160248,160250,160252,160254],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,160245,136],{"class":135},[44,160247,121],{"class":58},[44,160249,160200],{"class":117},[44,160251,114],{"class":58},[44,160253,160214],{"class":24390},[44,160255,100],{"class":58},[20,160257,247],{},[35,160259,160261],{"className":37,"code":160260,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160262,160263,160278],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160264,160265,160267,160269,160271,160274,160276],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160266,2937],{"class":54},[44,160268,2940],{"class":1716},[44,160270,2943],{"class":62},[44,160272,160273],{"class":66},"__main__.Person",[44,160275,2948],{"class":62},[44,160277,2951],{"class":54},[44,160279,160280],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160281,160282],{"class":50},"human\n",[20,160284,160285,160286,160288],{},"Most beginners do ",[367,160287,881],{}," need this form.",[20,160290,160291],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[30,160293,4609,160295],{"id":160294},"when-to-use-type",[15,160296,1949],{},[20,160298,160299,12095],{},[15,160300,1949],{},[169,160302,160303,160306,160309,160312],{},[172,160304,160305],{},"debug unexpected values",[172,160307,160308],{},"check what a conversion produced",[172,160310,160311],{},"learn Python data types",[172,160313,160314],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160316,5120],{},[35,160318,160320],{"className":37,"code":160319,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160321,160322,160334,160348,160352,160366],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160323,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160325,34329],{"class":50},[44,160327,55],{"class":54},[44,160329,75],{"class":62},[44,160331,49884],{"class":66},[44,160333,3007],{"class":62},[44,160335,160336,160338,160340,160342,160344,160346],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160337,1865],{"class":50},[44,160339,55],{"class":54},[44,160341,44914],{"class":2546},[44,160343,121],{"class":58},[44,160345,34350],{"class":117},[44,160347,100],{"class":58},[44,160349,160350],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160351,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,160353,160354,160356,160358,160360,160362,160364],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,160355,136],{"class":135},[44,160357,121],{"class":58},[44,160359,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160361,121],{"class":58},[44,160363,34350],{"class":117},[44,160365,244],{"class":58},[44,160367,160368,160370,160372,160374,160376,160378],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,160369,136],{"class":135},[44,160371,121],{"class":58},[44,160373,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160375,121],{"class":58},[44,160377,1887],{"class":117},[44,160379,244],{"class":58},[20,160381,247],{},[35,160383,160384],{"className":37,"code":124682,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160385,160386,160400],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160387,160388,160390,160392,160394,160396,160398],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160389,2937],{"class":54},[44,160391,2940],{"class":1716},[44,160393,2943],{"class":62},[44,160395,3092],{"class":66},[44,160397,2948],{"class":62},[44,160399,2951],{"class":54},[44,160401,160402,160404,160406,160408,160410,160412],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160403,2937],{"class":54},[44,160405,2940],{"class":1716},[44,160407,2943],{"class":62},[44,160409,1837],{"class":66},[44,160411,2948],{"class":62},[44,160413,2951],{"class":54},[20,160415,160416],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160418,160419,160420,1134,160424,1138,160428,160432],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[270,160421,160422],{"href":41811},[15,160423,47321],{},[270,160425,160426],{"href":2518},[15,160427,2521],{},[270,160429,160430],{"href":2525},[15,160431,2528],{}," are often the next step.",[30,160434,24998],{"id":24997},[20,160436,160437,160438,160440],{},"A few things about ",[15,160439,1949],{}," often confuse beginners.",[338,160442,160444,160447],{"id":160443},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160445,160446],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160449,64275],{},[35,160451,160453],{"className":37,"code":160452,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160454,160455],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160456,160457,160459,160461,160463,160465,160467],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160458,136],{"class":135},[44,160460,121],{"class":58},[44,160462,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160464,121],{"class":58},[44,160466,929],{"class":206},[44,160468,244],{"class":58},[20,160470,122525],{},[35,160472,160473],{"className":37,"code":155922,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160474,160475],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160476,160477,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160478,2937],{"class":54},[44,160480,2940],{"class":1716},[44,160482,2943],{"class":62},[44,160484,1837],{"class":66},[44,160486,2948],{"class":62},[44,160488,2951],{"class":54},[20,160490,40542,160491,160493,160494,114],{},[367,160492,881],{}," print just ",[15,160495,1837],{},[20,160497,6326,160498,160500],{},[15,160499,1949],{}," returns a class object.",[338,160502,160504,2044,160506],{"id":160503},"input-returns-str",[15,160505,2603],{},[15,160507,3092],{},[20,160509,79158],{},[35,160511,160513],{"className":37,"code":160512,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160514,160515,160533],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160516,160517,160519,160521,160523,160525,160527,160529,160531],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160518,1380],{"class":50},[44,160520,55],{"class":54},[44,160522,7891],{"class":135},[44,160524,121],{"class":58},[44,160526,63],{"class":62},[44,160528,45948],{"class":66},[44,160530,63],{"class":62},[44,160532,100],{"class":58},[44,160534,160535,160537,160539,160541,160543,160545],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160536,136],{"class":135},[44,160538,121],{"class":58},[44,160540,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160542,121],{"class":58},[44,160544,302],{"class":117},[44,160546,244],{"class":58},[20,160548,160549],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160551,160552,160553,2522,160555,114],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160554,2521],{},[15,160556,2528],{},[338,160558,160560],{"id":160559},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160562,160563],{},"Avoid code like this:",[35,160565,160567],{"className":37,"code":160566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160568,160569,160577,160581,160607],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160570,160571,160573,160575],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160572,1380],{"class":50},[44,160574,55],{"class":54},[44,160576,34484],{"class":206},[44,160578,160579],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160580,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,160582,160583,160585,160587,160589,160591,160593,160595,160597,160599,160601,160603,160605],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160584,806],{"class":805},[44,160586,48542],{"class":2546},[44,160588,121],{"class":58},[44,160590,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160592,121],{"class":58},[44,160594,302],{"class":117},[44,160596,459],{"class":58},[44,160598,6056],{"class":54},[44,160600,75],{"class":62},[44,160602,159301],{"class":66},[44,160604,63],{"class":62},[44,160606,820],{"class":58},[44,160608,160609,160611,160613,160615,160618,160620],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,160610,825],{"class":135},[44,160612,121],{"class":58},[44,160614,63],{"class":62},[44,160616,160617],{"class":66},"It is an int",[44,160619,63],{"class":62},[44,160621,100],{"class":58},[20,160623,160624],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160626,160627],{},"Better options:",[35,160629,160631],{"className":37,"code":160630,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160632,160633,160641,160645,160665],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160634,160635,160637,160639],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160636,1380],{"class":50},[44,160638,55],{"class":54},[44,160640,34484],{"class":206},[44,160642,160643],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160644,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,160646,160647,160649,160651,160653,160655,160657,160659,160661,160663],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160648,136],{"class":135},[44,160650,121],{"class":58},[44,160652,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160654,121],{"class":58},[44,160656,302],{"class":117},[44,160658,144],{"class":58},[44,160660,6056],{"class":54},[44,160662,44914],{"class":2546},[44,160664,100],{"class":58},[44,160666,160667,160669,160671,160673,160675,160677,160679,160681],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,160668,136],{"class":135},[44,160670,121],{"class":58},[44,160672,48513],{"class":135},[44,160674,121],{"class":58},[44,160676,302],{"class":117},[44,160678,72],{"class":58},[44,160680,44914],{"class":2546},[44,160682,244],{"class":58},[20,160684,247],{},[35,160686,160687],{"className":37,"code":4154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,160688,160689,160693],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160690,160691],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160692,3629],{"class":3502},[44,160694,160695],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160696,3629],{"class":3502},[20,160698,160699,160700,160702],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160701,44443],{}," is the more useful check.",[30,160704,1299],{"id":1298},[20,160706,14382,160707,1155],{},[15,160708,1949],{},[169,160710,160711,160721,160730,160739],{},[172,160712,895,160713,160715,160716,160720],{},[15,160714,1949],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[270,160717,160718],{"href":7868},[15,160719,2603],{}," always returns a string",[172,160722,1312,160723,160725,160726,10742,160728],{},[15,160724,1949],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160727,1837],{},[15,160729,159301],{},[172,160731,895,160732,44267,160735,160738],{},[15,160733,160734],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160736,160737],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[172,160740,160741],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160743,160744,160745,114],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[270,160746,160748],{"href":160747},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160750,144189],{},[35,160752,160754],{"className":37,"code":160753,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160755,160756,160770,160780,160794,160804],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160757,160758,160760,160762,160764,160766,160768],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,160759,136],{"class":135},[44,160761,121],{"class":58},[44,160763,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160765,121],{"class":58},[44,160767,302],{"class":117},[44,160769,244],{"class":58},[44,160771,160772,160774,160776,160778],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,160773,136],{"class":135},[44,160775,121],{"class":58},[44,160777,302],{"class":117},[44,160779,100],{"class":58},[44,160781,160782,160784,160786,160788,160790,160792],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,160783,136],{"class":135},[44,160785,121],{"class":58},[44,160787,41415],{"class":135},[44,160789,121],{"class":58},[44,160791,302],{"class":117},[44,160793,244],{"class":58},[44,160795,160796,160798,160800,160802],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,160797,31793],{"class":135},[44,160799,121],{"class":58},[44,160801,2868],{"class":2546},[44,160803,100],{"class":58},[44,160805,160806,160808,160810,160812],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,160807,34013],{"class":135},[44,160809,121],{"class":58},[44,160811,302],{"class":117},[44,160813,100],{"class":58},[20,160815,160816],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[30,160818,1497],{"id":1496},[338,160820,1501,160822,4793],{"id":160821},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160823,1949],{},[20,160825,160826,160827,1134,160829,1134,160831,1841,160833,160835,160836,114],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160828,3092],{},[15,160830,1837],{},[15,160832,7742],{},[15,160834,8471],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160837,159298],{},[338,160839,1540,160841,1543,160843,1547],{"id":160840},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160842,1949],{},[15,160844,44443],{},[20,160846,46003,160847,160849,160850,160852],{},[15,160848,1949],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160851,44443],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[338,160854,4806,160856,160859,160860,1547],{"id":160855},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160857,160858],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160861,3092],{},[20,160863,28700,160864,160866,160867,2522,160869,159960],{},[15,160865,2603],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160868,2521],{},[15,160870,2528],{},[338,160872,4818,160874,160876],{"id":160873},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160875,1949],{}," create classes?",[20,160878,160879,160880,114],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160881,160882],{},"type(object)",[30,160884,1554],{"id":1553},[169,160886,160887,160891,160897,160903,160907,160913,160919],{},[172,160888,160889],{},[270,160890,44435],{"href":48616},[172,160892,160893],{},[270,160894,3225,160895,3158],{"href":160139},[15,160896,44443],{},[172,160898,160899],{},[270,160900,3225,160901,3158],{"href":7868},[15,160902,2603],{},[172,160904,160905],{},[270,160906,8708],{"href":8630},[172,160908,160909],{},[270,160910,3225,160911,3158],{"href":2518},[15,160912,2521],{},[172,160914,160915],{},[270,160916,3225,160917,3158],{"href":2525},[15,160918,2528],{},[172,160920,160921],{},[270,160922,3225,160923,3158],{"href":41811},[15,160924,47321],{},[1583,160926,160927],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":160929},[160930,160931,160933,160934,160935,160937,160939,160941,160943,160950,160951,160961],{"id":3258,"depth":103,"text":3259},{"id":159304,"depth":103,"text":160932},"What the type() function does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":121493,"depth":103,"text":121494},{"id":159662,"depth":103,"text":160936},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159968,"depth":103,"text":160938},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160144,"depth":103,"text":160940},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160294,"depth":103,"text":160942},"When to use type()",{"id":24997,"depth":103,"text":24998,"children":160944},[160945,160947,160949],{"id":160443,"depth":132,"text":160946},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160503,"depth":132,"text":160948},"input() returns str",{"id":160559,"depth":132,"text":160560},{"id":1298,"depth":103,"text":1299},{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":160952},[160953,160955,160957,160959],{"id":160821,"depth":132,"text":160954},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160840,"depth":132,"text":160956},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160855,"depth":132,"text":160958},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160873,"depth":132,"text":160960},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159138,"description":160962},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160968,"title":160969,"body":160970,"description":163449,"extension":1616,"meta":163450,"navigation":434,"path":163451,"seo":163452,"stem":163453,"__hash__":163454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160971,"toc":163406},[160972,160977,160982,160991,160993,161093,161095,161120,161125,161130,161146,161149,161151,161153,161178,161181,161184,161267,161269,161318,161321,161443,161445,161518,161522,161525,161639,161641,161667,161669,161690,161695,161699,161704,161707,161811,161813,161830,161839,161842,161929,161931,161942,161947,161953,161958,161964,161967,162060,162062,162111,162117,162120,162221,162223,162276,162281,162285,162288,162387,162389,162428,162431,162436,162438,162443,162447,162560,162564,162661,162665,162753,162755,162772,162776,162899,162905,162911,162917,162922,162925,162952,162956,162958,163052,163055,163059,163062,163149,163152,163187,163189,163226,163229,163237,163242,163247,163321,163328,163330,163335,163338,163344,163347,163353,163358,163364,163369,163373,163376,163378,163403],[10,160973,3225,160975,3229],{"id":160974},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160976,63951],{},[20,160978,160979,160981],{},[15,160980,63951],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160983,160984,160985,160987,160988,160990],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160986,63951],{}," inside a ",[15,160989,5606],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[30,160992,33],{"id":32},[35,160994,160996],{"className":37,"code":160995,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160997,160998,161030,161050,161054,161079],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,160999,161000,161002,161004,161006,161008,161010,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161024,161026,161028],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161001,4643],{"class":50},[44,161003,55],{"class":54},[44,161005,3273],{"class":58},[44,161007,63],{"class":62},[44,161009,12531],{"class":66},[44,161011,63],{"class":62},[44,161013,72],{"class":58},[44,161015,75],{"class":62},[44,161017,35583],{"class":66},[44,161019,63],{"class":62},[44,161021,72],{"class":58},[44,161023,75],{"class":62},[44,161025,35592],{"class":66},[44,161027,63],{"class":62},[44,161029,3286],{"class":58},[44,161031,161032,161034,161036,161038,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161033,4712],{"class":50},[44,161035,55],{"class":54},[44,161037,3273],{"class":58},[44,161039,13150],{"class":206},[44,161041,72],{"class":58},[44,161043,13155],{"class":206},[44,161045,72],{"class":58},[44,161047,28559],{"class":206},[44,161049,3286],{"class":58},[44,161051,161052],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161053,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,161055,161056,161058,161060,161062,161064,161066,161069,161071,161073,161075,161077],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,161057,5606],{"class":805},[44,161059,35634],{"class":50},[44,161061,72],{"class":58},[44,161063,4754],{"class":50},[44,161065,1383],{"class":805},[44,161067,161068],{"class":135}," zip",[44,161070,121],{"class":58},[44,161072,4687],{"class":117},[44,161074,72],{"class":58},[44,161076,4759],{"class":117},[44,161078,7991],{"class":58},[44,161080,161081,161083,161085,161087,161089,161091],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,161082,825],{"class":135},[44,161084,121],{"class":58},[44,161086,7318],{"class":117},[44,161088,72],{"class":58},[44,161090,130469],{"class":117},[44,161092,100],{"class":58},[20,161094,247],{},[35,161096,161098],{"className":37,"code":161097,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161099,161100,161106,161113],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161101,161102,161104],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161103,133488],{"class":50},[44,161105,32777],{"class":206},[44,161107,161108,161111],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161109,161110],{"class":50},"Ben ",[44,161112,32782],{"class":206},[44,161114,161115,161118],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161116,161117],{"class":50},"Cara ",[44,161119,32787],{"class":206},[20,161121,651,161122,161124],{},[15,161123,63951],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[30,161126,158,161128,161],{"id":161127},"what-zip-does",[15,161129,63951],{},[169,161131,161132,161137,161140,161143],{},[172,161133,161134,161136],{},[15,161135,63951],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[172,161138,161139],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[172,161141,161142],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[172,161144,161145],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161147,161148],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[30,161150,277],{"id":276},[20,161152,6867],{},[35,161154,161156],{"className":37,"code":161155,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161157,161158],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161159,161160,161162,161164,161167,161169,161172,161174,161176],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161161,64021],{"class":135},[44,161163,121],{"class":58},[44,161165,161166],{"class":117},"iterable1",[44,161168,72],{"class":58},[44,161170,161171],{"class":117}," iterable2",[44,161173,72],{"class":58},[44,161175,34095],{"class":135},[44,161177,100],{"class":58},[20,161179,161180],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161182,161183],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[35,161185,161187],{"className":37,"code":161186,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161188,161189,161209,161241,161245],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161190,161191,161193,161195,161197,161199,161201,161203,161205,161207],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161192,199],{"class":50},[44,161194,55],{"class":54},[44,161196,3273],{"class":58},[44,161198,1133],{"class":206},[44,161200,72],{"class":58},[44,161202,488],{"class":206},[44,161204,72],{"class":58},[44,161206,524],{"class":206},[44,161208,3286],{"class":58},[44,161210,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221,161223,161225,161227,161229,161231,161233,161235,161237,161239],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161212,382],{"class":50},[44,161214,55],{"class":54},[44,161216,3273],{"class":58},[44,161218,63],{"class":62},[44,161220,270],{"class":66},[44,161222,63],{"class":62},[44,161224,72],{"class":58},[44,161226,75],{"class":62},[44,161228,399],{"class":66},[44,161230,63],{"class":62},[44,161232,72],{"class":58},[44,161234,75],{"class":62},[44,161236,408],{"class":66},[44,161238,63],{"class":62},[44,161240,3286],{"class":58},[44,161242,161243],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161244,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,161246,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,161248,136],{"class":135},[44,161250,121],{"class":58},[44,161252,7742],{"class":2546},[44,161254,121],{"class":58},[44,161256,64021],{"class":135},[44,161258,121],{"class":58},[44,161260,232],{"class":117},[44,161262,72],{"class":58},[44,161264,69713],{"class":117},[44,161266,2557],{"class":58},[20,161268,247],{},[35,161270,161272],{"className":37,"code":161271,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161273,161274],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161275,161276,161278,161280,161282,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312,161314,161316],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161277,21380],{"class":58},[44,161279,1133],{"class":206},[44,161281,72],{"class":58},[44,161283,2943],{"class":62},[44,161285,270],{"class":66},[44,161287,2948],{"class":62},[44,161289,8884],{"class":58},[44,161291,59],{"class":58},[44,161293,1137],{"class":206},[44,161295,72],{"class":58},[44,161297,2943],{"class":62},[44,161299,399],{"class":66},[44,161301,2948],{"class":62},[44,161303,8884],{"class":58},[44,161305,59],{"class":58},[44,161307,1141],{"class":206},[44,161309,72],{"class":58},[44,161311,2943],{"class":62},[44,161313,408],{"class":66},[44,161315,2948],{"class":62},[44,161317,8899],{"class":58},[20,161319,161320],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[35,161322,161324],{"className":37,"code":161323,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161325,161326,161358,161378,161412,161416],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161327,161328,161330,161332,161334,161336,161338,161340,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161329,4643],{"class":50},[44,161331,55],{"class":54},[44,161333,3273],{"class":58},[44,161335,63],{"class":62},[44,161337,12531],{"class":66},[44,161339,63],{"class":62},[44,161341,72],{"class":58},[44,161343,75],{"class":62},[44,161345,35583],{"class":66},[44,161347,63],{"class":62},[44,161349,72],{"class":58},[44,161351,75],{"class":62},[44,161353,35592],{"class":66},[44,161355,63],{"class":62},[44,161357,3286],{"class":58},[44,161359,161360,161362,161364,161366,161368,161370,161372,161374,161376],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161361,4712],{"class":50},[44,161363,55],{"class":54},[44,161365,3273],{"class":58},[44,161367,13150],{"class":206},[44,161369,72],{"class":58},[44,161371,13155],{"class":206},[44,161373,72],{"class":58},[44,161375,28559],{"class":206},[44,161377,3286],{"class":58},[44,161379,161380,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161399,161401,161403,161405,161408,161410],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161381,161382],{"class":50},"grades ",[44,161384,55],{"class":54},[44,161386,3273],{"class":58},[44,161388,63],{"class":62},[44,161390,21885],{"class":66},[44,161392,63],{"class":62},[44,161394,72],{"class":58},[44,161396,75],{"class":62},[44,161398,30240],{"class":66},[44,161400,63],{"class":62},[44,161402,72],{"class":58},[44,161404,75],{"class":62},[44,161406,161407],{"class":66},"B+",[44,161409,63],{"class":62},[44,161411,3286],{"class":58},[44,161413,161414],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,161415,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,161417,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161441],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,161419,136],{"class":135},[44,161421,121],{"class":58},[44,161423,7742],{"class":2546},[44,161425,121],{"class":58},[44,161427,64021],{"class":135},[44,161429,121],{"class":58},[44,161431,4687],{"class":117},[44,161433,72],{"class":58},[44,161435,4759],{"class":117},[44,161437,72],{"class":58},[44,161439,161440],{"class":117}," grades",[44,161442,2557],{"class":58},[20,161444,247],{},[35,161446,161448],{"className":37,"code":161447,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161449,161450],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161451,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472,161474,161476,161478,161480,161482,161484,161486,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161453,21380],{"class":58},[44,161455,2948],{"class":62},[44,161457,12531],{"class":66},[44,161459,2948],{"class":62},[44,161461,72],{"class":58},[44,161463,19541],{"class":206},[44,161465,72],{"class":58},[44,161467,2943],{"class":62},[44,161469,21885],{"class":66},[44,161471,2948],{"class":62},[44,161473,8884],{"class":58},[44,161475,59],{"class":58},[44,161477,2948],{"class":62},[44,161479,35583],{"class":66},[44,161481,2948],{"class":62},[44,161483,72],{"class":58},[44,161485,13155],{"class":206},[44,161487,72],{"class":58},[44,161489,2943],{"class":62},[44,161491,30240],{"class":66},[44,161493,2948],{"class":62},[44,161495,8884],{"class":58},[44,161497,59],{"class":58},[44,161499,2948],{"class":62},[44,161501,35592],{"class":66},[44,161503,2948],{"class":62},[44,161505,72],{"class":58},[44,161507,28559],{"class":206},[44,161509,72],{"class":58},[44,161511,2943],{"class":62},[44,161513,161407],{"class":66},[44,161515,2948],{"class":62},[44,161517,8899],{"class":58},[30,161519,161521],{"id":161520},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161523,161524],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[35,161526,161528],{"className":37,"code":161527,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161529,161530,161562,161582,161586,161610],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161531,161532,161534,161536,161538,161540,161542,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161533,4643],{"class":50},[44,161535,55],{"class":54},[44,161537,3273],{"class":58},[44,161539,63],{"class":62},[44,161541,12531],{"class":66},[44,161543,63],{"class":62},[44,161545,72],{"class":58},[44,161547,75],{"class":62},[44,161549,35583],{"class":66},[44,161551,63],{"class":62},[44,161553,72],{"class":58},[44,161555,75],{"class":62},[44,161557,35592],{"class":66},[44,161559,63],{"class":62},[44,161561,3286],{"class":58},[44,161563,161564,161566,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161565,4712],{"class":50},[44,161567,55],{"class":54},[44,161569,3273],{"class":58},[44,161571,13150],{"class":206},[44,161573,72],{"class":58},[44,161575,13155],{"class":206},[44,161577,72],{"class":58},[44,161579,28559],{"class":206},[44,161581,3286],{"class":58},[44,161583,161584],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161585,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,161587,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596,161598,161600,161602,161604,161606,161608],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,161589,5606],{"class":805},[44,161591,35634],{"class":50},[44,161593,72],{"class":58},[44,161595,4754],{"class":50},[44,161597,1383],{"class":805},[44,161599,161068],{"class":135},[44,161601,121],{"class":58},[44,161603,4687],{"class":117},[44,161605,72],{"class":58},[44,161607,4759],{"class":117},[44,161609,7991],{"class":58},[44,161611,161612,161614,161616,161618,161620,161622,161624,161626,161629,161631,161633,161635,161637],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,161613,825],{"class":135},[44,161615,121],{"class":58},[44,161617,21934],{"class":1716},[44,161619,63],{"class":66},[44,161621,8928],{"class":206},[44,161623,7318],{"class":117},[44,161625,21943],{"class":206},[44,161627,161628],{"class":66}," scored ",[44,161630,8928],{"class":206},[44,161632,85135],{"class":117},[44,161634,21943],{"class":206},[44,161636,63],{"class":66},[44,161638,100],{"class":58},[20,161640,247],{},[35,161642,161644],{"className":37,"code":161643,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161645,161646,161653,161660],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161647,161648,161651],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161649,161650],{"class":50},"Ana scored ",[44,161652,32777],{"class":206},[44,161654,161655,161658],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161656,161657],{"class":50},"Ben scored ",[44,161659,32782],{"class":206},[44,161661,161662,161665],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161663,161664],{"class":50},"Cara scored ",[44,161666,32787],{"class":206},[20,161668,44568],{},[169,161670,161671,161680,161683],{},[172,161672,161673,161676,161677],{},[15,161674,161675],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161678,161679],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[172,161681,161682],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[172,161684,161685,898,161687,161689],{},[15,161686,7318],{},[15,161688,85135],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161691,161692,161693,114],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[270,161694,69230],{"href":69229},[30,161696,161698],{"id":161697},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161700,161701,161703],{},[15,161702,63951],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161705,161706],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[35,161708,161710],{"className":37,"code":161709,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161711,161712,161753,161769,161773,161797],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161713,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161749,161751],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161715,4643],{"class":50},[44,161717,55],{"class":54},[44,161719,3273],{"class":58},[44,161721,63],{"class":62},[44,161723,12531],{"class":66},[44,161725,63],{"class":62},[44,161727,72],{"class":58},[44,161729,75],{"class":62},[44,161731,35583],{"class":66},[44,161733,63],{"class":62},[44,161735,72],{"class":58},[44,161737,75],{"class":62},[44,161739,35592],{"class":66},[44,161741,63],{"class":62},[44,161743,72],{"class":58},[44,161745,75],{"class":62},[44,161747,161748],{"class":66},"Dan",[44,161750,63],{"class":62},[44,161752,3286],{"class":58},[44,161754,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765,161767],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161756,4712],{"class":50},[44,161758,55],{"class":54},[44,161760,3273],{"class":58},[44,161762,13150],{"class":206},[44,161764,72],{"class":58},[44,161766,13155],{"class":206},[44,161768,3286],{"class":58},[44,161770,161771],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161772,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,161774,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161793,161795],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,161776,5606],{"class":805},[44,161778,35634],{"class":50},[44,161780,72],{"class":58},[44,161782,4754],{"class":50},[44,161784,1383],{"class":805},[44,161786,161068],{"class":135},[44,161788,121],{"class":58},[44,161790,4687],{"class":117},[44,161792,72],{"class":58},[44,161794,4759],{"class":117},[44,161796,7991],{"class":58},[44,161798,161799,161801,161803,161805,161807,161809],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,161800,825],{"class":135},[44,161802,121],{"class":58},[44,161804,7318],{"class":117},[44,161806,72],{"class":58},[44,161808,130469],{"class":117},[44,161810,100],{"class":58},[20,161812,247],{},[35,161814,161816],{"className":37,"code":161815,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161817,161818,161824],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161819,161820,161822],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161821,133488],{"class":50},[44,161823,32777],{"class":206},[44,161825,161826,161828],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161827,161110],{"class":50},[44,161829,32782],{"class":206},[20,161831,1933,161832,898,161835,161838],{},[15,161833,161834],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161836,161837],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161840,161841],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[35,161843,161845],{"className":37,"code":161844,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161846,161847,161887,161903,161907],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161848,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857,161859,161861,161863,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883,161885],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161850,4643],{"class":50},[44,161852,55],{"class":54},[44,161854,3273],{"class":58},[44,161856,63],{"class":62},[44,161858,12531],{"class":66},[44,161860,63],{"class":62},[44,161862,72],{"class":58},[44,161864,75],{"class":62},[44,161866,35583],{"class":66},[44,161868,63],{"class":62},[44,161870,72],{"class":58},[44,161872,75],{"class":62},[44,161874,35592],{"class":66},[44,161876,63],{"class":62},[44,161878,72],{"class":58},[44,161880,75],{"class":62},[44,161882,161748],{"class":66},[44,161884,63],{"class":62},[44,161886,3286],{"class":58},[44,161888,161889,161891,161893,161895,161897,161899,161901],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,161890,4712],{"class":50},[44,161892,55],{"class":54},[44,161894,3273],{"class":58},[44,161896,13150],{"class":206},[44,161898,72],{"class":58},[44,161900,13155],{"class":206},[44,161902,3286],{"class":58},[44,161904,161905],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,161906,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,161908,161909,161911,161913,161915,161917,161919,161921,161923,161925,161927],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,161910,136],{"class":135},[44,161912,121],{"class":58},[44,161914,1365],{"class":135},[44,161916,121],{"class":58},[44,161918,4687],{"class":117},[44,161920,8884],{"class":58},[44,161922,38023],{"class":135},[44,161924,121],{"class":58},[44,161926,16036],{"class":117},[44,161928,244],{"class":58},[20,161930,247],{},[35,161932,161934],{"className":37,"code":161933,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"4 2\n",[15,161935,161936],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161937,161938,161940],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161939,1145],{"class":206},[44,161941,45227],{"class":206},[20,161943,161944,161945,114],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161946,63951],{},[30,161948,91726,161950,161952],{"id":161949},"converting-zip-output",[15,161951,63951],{}," output",[20,161954,28700,161955,161957],{},[15,161956,63951],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[338,161959,651,161961],{"id":161960},"use-listzip",[15,161962,161963],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161965,161966],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[35,161968,161970],{"className":37,"code":161969,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161971,161972,162004,162024,162028,162050],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,161973,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,161975,4643],{"class":50},[44,161977,55],{"class":54},[44,161979,3273],{"class":58},[44,161981,63],{"class":62},[44,161983,12531],{"class":66},[44,161985,63],{"class":62},[44,161987,72],{"class":58},[44,161989,75],{"class":62},[44,161991,35583],{"class":66},[44,161993,63],{"class":62},[44,161995,72],{"class":58},[44,161997,75],{"class":62},[44,161999,35592],{"class":66},[44,162001,63],{"class":62},[44,162003,3286],{"class":58},[44,162005,162006,162008,162010,162012,162014,162016,162018,162020,162022],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162007,4712],{"class":50},[44,162009,55],{"class":54},[44,162011,3273],{"class":58},[44,162013,13150],{"class":206},[44,162015,72],{"class":58},[44,162017,13155],{"class":206},[44,162019,72],{"class":58},[44,162021,28559],{"class":206},[44,162023,3286],{"class":58},[44,162025,162026],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162027,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162029,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,162031,8866],{"class":50},[44,162033,55],{"class":54},[44,162035,22199],{"class":2546},[44,162037,121],{"class":58},[44,162039,64021],{"class":135},[44,162041,121],{"class":58},[44,162043,4687],{"class":117},[44,162045,72],{"class":58},[44,162047,4759],{"class":117},[44,162049,244],{"class":58},[44,162051,162052,162054,162056,162058],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,162053,136],{"class":135},[44,162055,121],{"class":58},[44,162057,8912],{"class":117},[44,162059,100],{"class":58},[20,162061,247],{},[35,162063,162065],{"className":37,"code":162064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162066,162067],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162068,162069,162071,162073,162075,162077,162079,162081,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162070,21380],{"class":58},[44,162072,2948],{"class":62},[44,162074,12531],{"class":66},[44,162076,2948],{"class":62},[44,162078,72],{"class":58},[44,162080,19541],{"class":206},[44,162082,8884],{"class":58},[44,162084,59],{"class":58},[44,162086,2948],{"class":62},[44,162088,35583],{"class":66},[44,162090,2948],{"class":62},[44,162092,72],{"class":58},[44,162094,13155],{"class":206},[44,162096,8884],{"class":58},[44,162098,59],{"class":58},[44,162100,2948],{"class":62},[44,162102,35592],{"class":66},[44,162104,2948],{"class":62},[44,162106,72],{"class":58},[44,162108,28559],{"class":206},[44,162110,8899],{"class":58},[338,162112,651,162114],{"id":162113},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162115,162116],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162118,162119],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[35,162121,162123],{"className":37,"code":162122,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162124,162125,162157,162185,162189,162211],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162126,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162128,16888],{"class":50},[44,162130,55],{"class":54},[44,162132,3273],{"class":58},[44,162134,63],{"class":62},[44,162136,7318],{"class":66},[44,162138,63],{"class":62},[44,162140,72],{"class":58},[44,162142,75],{"class":62},[44,162144,8949],{"class":66},[44,162146,63],{"class":62},[44,162148,72],{"class":58},[44,162150,75],{"class":62},[44,162152,10059],{"class":66},[44,162154,63],{"class":62},[44,162156,3286],{"class":58},[44,162158,162159,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181,162183],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162160,922],{"class":50},[44,162162,55],{"class":54},[44,162164,3273],{"class":58},[44,162166,63],{"class":62},[44,162168,12531],{"class":66},[44,162170,63],{"class":62},[44,162172,72],{"class":58},[44,162174,8956],{"class":206},[44,162176,72],{"class":58},[44,162178,75],{"class":62},[44,162180,15678],{"class":66},[44,162182,63],{"class":62},[44,162184,3286],{"class":58},[44,162186,162187],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162188,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162190,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,162192,12852],{"class":50},[44,162194,55],{"class":54},[44,162196,8821],{"class":2546},[44,162198,121],{"class":58},[44,162200,64021],{"class":135},[44,162202,121],{"class":58},[44,162204,16571],{"class":117},[44,162206,72],{"class":58},[44,162208,3535],{"class":117},[44,162210,244],{"class":58},[44,162212,162213,162215,162217,162219],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,162214,136],{"class":135},[44,162216,121],{"class":58},[44,162218,16953],{"class":117},[44,162220,100],{"class":58},[20,162222,247],{},[35,162224,162226],{"className":37,"code":162225,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162227,162228],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162229,162230,162232,162234,162236,162238,162240,162242,162244,162246,162248,162250,162252,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162231,8928],{"class":58},[44,162233,2948],{"class":62},[44,162235,7318],{"class":66},[44,162237,2948],{"class":62},[44,162239,1155],{"class":58},[44,162241,2943],{"class":62},[44,162243,12531],{"class":66},[44,162245,2948],{"class":62},[44,162247,72],{"class":58},[44,162249,2943],{"class":62},[44,162251,8949],{"class":66},[44,162253,2948],{"class":62},[44,162255,1155],{"class":58},[44,162257,8956],{"class":206},[44,162259,72],{"class":58},[44,162261,2943],{"class":62},[44,162263,10059],{"class":66},[44,162265,2948],{"class":62},[44,162267,1155],{"class":58},[44,162269,2943],{"class":62},[44,162271,15678],{"class":66},[44,162273,2948],{"class":62},[44,162275,8959],{"class":58},[20,162277,162278,162279,114],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[270,162280,30727],{"href":30726},[338,162282,162284],{"id":162283},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162286,162287],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[35,162289,162291],{"className":37,"code":162290,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162292,162293,162317,162333,162337,162355,162359,162373],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162294,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313,162315],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162296,4643],{"class":50},[44,162298,55],{"class":54},[44,162300,3273],{"class":58},[44,162302,63],{"class":62},[44,162304,12531],{"class":66},[44,162306,63],{"class":62},[44,162308,72],{"class":58},[44,162310,75],{"class":62},[44,162312,35583],{"class":66},[44,162314,63],{"class":62},[44,162316,3286],{"class":58},[44,162318,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327,162329,162331],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162320,4712],{"class":50},[44,162322,55],{"class":54},[44,162324,3273],{"class":58},[44,162326,13150],{"class":206},[44,162328,72],{"class":58},[44,162330,13155],{"class":206},[44,162332,3286],{"class":58},[44,162334,162335],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162336,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162338,162339,162341,162343,162345,162347,162349,162351,162353],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,162340,8866],{"class":50},[44,162342,55],{"class":54},[44,162344,161068],{"class":135},[44,162346,121],{"class":58},[44,162348,4687],{"class":117},[44,162350,72],{"class":58},[44,162352,4759],{"class":117},[44,162354,100],{"class":58},[44,162356,162357],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,162358,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162360,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,162362,136],{"class":135},[44,162364,121],{"class":58},[44,162366,7742],{"class":2546},[44,162368,121],{"class":58},[44,162370,8912],{"class":117},[44,162372,244],{"class":58},[44,162374,162375,162377,162379,162381,162383,162385],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,162376,136],{"class":135},[44,162378,121],{"class":58},[44,162380,7742],{"class":2546},[44,162382,121],{"class":58},[44,162384,8912],{"class":117},[44,162386,244],{"class":58},[20,162388,247],{},[35,162390,162392],{"className":37,"code":162391,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162393,162394,162424],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162395,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162397,21380],{"class":58},[44,162399,2948],{"class":62},[44,162401,12531],{"class":66},[44,162403,2948],{"class":62},[44,162405,72],{"class":58},[44,162407,19541],{"class":206},[44,162409,8884],{"class":58},[44,162411,59],{"class":58},[44,162413,2948],{"class":62},[44,162415,35583],{"class":66},[44,162417,2948],{"class":62},[44,162419,72],{"class":58},[44,162421,13155],{"class":206},[44,162423,8899],{"class":58},[44,162425,162426],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162427,37934],{"class":58},[20,162429,162430],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162432,162433,162434,114],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[270,162435,4785],{"href":5234},[30,162437,40682],{"id":40681},[20,162439,162440,162441,114],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162442,63951],{},[338,162444,162446],{"id":162445},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[35,162448,162450],{"className":37,"code":162449,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162451,162452,162484,162504,162508,162532],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162453,162454,162456,162458,162460,162462,162464,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162455,4643],{"class":50},[44,162457,55],{"class":54},[44,162459,3273],{"class":58},[44,162461,63],{"class":62},[44,162463,12531],{"class":66},[44,162465,63],{"class":62},[44,162467,72],{"class":58},[44,162469,75],{"class":62},[44,162471,35583],{"class":66},[44,162473,63],{"class":62},[44,162475,72],{"class":58},[44,162477,75],{"class":62},[44,162479,35592],{"class":66},[44,162481,63],{"class":62},[44,162483,3286],{"class":58},[44,162485,162486,162488,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162487,4712],{"class":50},[44,162489,55],{"class":54},[44,162491,3273],{"class":58},[44,162493,13150],{"class":206},[44,162495,72],{"class":58},[44,162497,13155],{"class":206},[44,162499,72],{"class":58},[44,162501,28559],{"class":206},[44,162503,3286],{"class":58},[44,162505,162506],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162507,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162509,162510,162512,162514,162516,162518,162520,162522,162524,162526,162528,162530],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,162511,5606],{"class":805},[44,162513,35634],{"class":50},[44,162515,72],{"class":58},[44,162517,4754],{"class":50},[44,162519,1383],{"class":805},[44,162521,161068],{"class":135},[44,162523,121],{"class":58},[44,162525,4687],{"class":117},[44,162527,72],{"class":58},[44,162529,4759],{"class":117},[44,162531,7991],{"class":58},[44,162533,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,162535,825],{"class":135},[44,162537,121],{"class":58},[44,162539,21934],{"class":1716},[44,162541,63],{"class":66},[44,162543,8928],{"class":206},[44,162545,7318],{"class":117},[44,162547,21943],{"class":206},[44,162549,21946],{"class":66},[44,162551,8928],{"class":206},[44,162553,85135],{"class":117},[44,162555,21943],{"class":206},[44,162557,63],{"class":66},[44,162559,100],{"class":58},[338,162561,162563],{"id":162562},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[35,162565,162567],{"className":37,"code":162566,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162568,162569,162601,162625,162629,162651],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162570,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162572,16888],{"class":50},[44,162574,55],{"class":54},[44,162576,3273],{"class":58},[44,162578,63],{"class":62},[44,162580,12300],{"class":66},[44,162582,63],{"class":62},[44,162584,72],{"class":58},[44,162586,75],{"class":62},[44,162588,7318],{"class":66},[44,162590,63],{"class":62},[44,162592,72],{"class":58},[44,162594,75],{"class":62},[44,162596,15468],{"class":66},[44,162598,63],{"class":62},[44,162600,3286],{"class":58},[44,162602,162603,162605,162607,162609,162611,162613,162615,162617,162619,162621,162623],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162604,922],{"class":50},[44,162606,55],{"class":54},[44,162608,3273],{"class":58},[44,162610,46230],{"class":206},[44,162612,72],{"class":58},[44,162614,75],{"class":62},[44,162616,12531],{"class":66},[44,162618,63],{"class":62},[44,162620,72],{"class":58},[44,162622,3565],{"class":3502},[44,162624,3286],{"class":58},[44,162626,162627],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162628,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162630,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647,162649],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,162632,8816],{"class":50},[44,162634,55],{"class":54},[44,162636,8821],{"class":2546},[44,162638,121],{"class":58},[44,162640,64021],{"class":135},[44,162642,121],{"class":58},[44,162644,16571],{"class":117},[44,162646,72],{"class":58},[44,162648,3535],{"class":117},[44,162650,244],{"class":58},[44,162652,162653,162655,162657,162659],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,162654,136],{"class":135},[44,162656,121],{"class":58},[44,162658,8855],{"class":117},[44,162660,100],{"class":58},[338,162662,162664],{"id":162663},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[35,162666,162668],{"className":37,"code":162667,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162669,162670,162690,162710,162714,162739],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162671,162672,162674,162676,162678,162680,162682,162684,162686,162688],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162673,80274],{"class":50},[44,162675,55],{"class":54},[44,162677,3273],{"class":58},[44,162679,207],{"class":206},[44,162681,72],{"class":58},[44,162683,212],{"class":206},[44,162685,72],{"class":58},[44,162687,217],{"class":206},[44,162689,3286],{"class":58},[44,162691,162692,162694,162696,162698,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162693,80295],{"class":50},[44,162695,55],{"class":54},[44,162697,3273],{"class":58},[44,162699,207],{"class":206},[44,162701,72],{"class":58},[44,162703,8956],{"class":206},[44,162705,72],{"class":58},[44,162707,217],{"class":206},[44,162709,3286],{"class":58},[44,162711,162712],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162713,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162715,162716,162718,162720,162722,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,162717,5606],{"class":805},[44,162719,56524],{"class":50},[44,162721,72],{"class":58},[44,162723,162724],{"class":50}," b ",[44,162726,1383],{"class":805},[44,162728,161068],{"class":135},[44,162730,121],{"class":58},[44,162732,111358],{"class":117},[44,162734,72],{"class":58},[44,162736,80338],{"class":117},[44,162738,7991],{"class":58},[44,162740,162741,162743,162745,162747,162749,162751],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,162742,825],{"class":135},[44,162744,121],{"class":58},[44,162746,2198],{"class":117},[44,162748,4337],{"class":54},[44,162750,2203],{"class":117},[44,162752,100],{"class":58},[20,162754,247],{},[35,162756,162758],{"className":37,"code":162757,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162759,162760,162764,162768],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162761,162762],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162763,3629],{"class":3502},[44,162765,162766],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162767,3690],{"class":3502},[44,162769,162770],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162771,3629],{"class":3502},[338,162773,162775],{"id":162774},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[35,162777,162779],{"className":37,"code":162778,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162780,162781,162816,162839,162843,162870],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162782,162783,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162803,162805,162807,162809,162812,162814],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162784,162785],{"class":50},"products ",[44,162787,55],{"class":54},[44,162789,3273],{"class":58},[44,162791,63],{"class":62},[44,162793,24781],{"class":66},[44,162795,63],{"class":62},[44,162797,72],{"class":58},[44,162799,75],{"class":62},[44,162801,162802],{"class":66},"Pen",[44,162804,63],{"class":62},[44,162806,72],{"class":58},[44,162808,75],{"class":62},[44,162810,162811],{"class":66},"Bag",[44,162813,63],{"class":62},[44,162815,3286],{"class":58},[44,162817,162818,162820,162822,162824,162827,162829,162832,162834,162837],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,162819,82664],{"class":50},[44,162821,55],{"class":54},[44,162823,3273],{"class":58},[44,162825,162826],{"class":206},"12.5",[44,162828,72],{"class":58},[44,162830,162831],{"class":206}," 1.2",[44,162833,72],{"class":58},[44,162835,162836],{"class":206}," 25.0",[44,162838,3286],{"class":58},[44,162840,162841],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,162842,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,162844,162845,162847,162849,162851,162854,162856,162858,162860,162863,162865,162868],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,162846,5606],{"class":805},[44,162848,24842],{"class":50},[44,162850,72],{"class":58},[44,162852,162853],{"class":50}," price ",[44,162855,1383],{"class":805},[44,162857,161068],{"class":135},[44,162859,121],{"class":58},[44,162861,162862],{"class":117},"products",[44,162864,72],{"class":58},[44,162866,162867],{"class":117}," prices",[44,162869,7991],{"class":58},[44,162871,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162889,162891,162893,162895,162897],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,162873,825],{"class":135},[44,162875,121],{"class":58},[44,162877,21934],{"class":1716},[44,162879,63],{"class":66},[44,162881,8928],{"class":206},[44,162883,26649],{"class":117},[44,162885,21943],{"class":206},[44,162887,162888],{"class":66}," costs $",[44,162890,8928],{"class":206},[44,162892,24790],{"class":117},[44,162894,21943],{"class":206},[44,162896,63],{"class":66},[44,162898,100],{"class":58},[20,162900,36239,162901,114],{},[270,162902,162904],{"href":162903},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[30,162906,162908,162909],{"id":162907},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162910,63951],{},[338,162912,1312,162914,162916],{"id":162913},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162915,63951],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162918,162919,162921],{},[15,162920,63951],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162923,162924],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[35,162926,162928],{"className":37,"code":162927,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162929,162930],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162931,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162933,136],{"class":135},[44,162935,121],{"class":58},[44,162937,1365],{"class":135},[44,162939,121],{"class":58},[44,162941,111358],{"class":117},[44,162943,8884],{"class":58},[44,162945,38023],{"class":135},[44,162947,121],{"class":58},[44,162949,80561],{"class":117},[44,162951,244],{"class":58},[338,162953,162955],{"id":162954},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162957,68453],{},[35,162959,162961],{"className":37,"code":162960,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162962,162963,162999,163003,163016,163026,163030,163042],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,162964,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985,162987,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,162966,8866],{"class":50},[44,162968,55],{"class":54},[44,162970,161068],{"class":135},[44,162972,2631],{"class":58},[44,162974,1133],{"class":206},[44,162976,72],{"class":58},[44,162978,488],{"class":206},[44,162980,17705],{"class":58},[44,162982,3273],{"class":58},[44,162984,63],{"class":62},[44,162986,270],{"class":66},[44,162988,63],{"class":62},[44,162990,72],{"class":58},[44,162992,75],{"class":62},[44,162994,399],{"class":66},[44,162996,63],{"class":62},[44,162998,3538],{"class":58},[44,163000,163001],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,163002,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,163004,163005,163007,163009,163011,163014],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163006,5606],{"class":805},[44,163008,5609],{"class":50},[44,163010,1383],{"class":805},[44,163012,163013],{"class":50}," pairs",[44,163015,820],{"class":58},[44,163017,163018,163020,163022,163024],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,163019,825],{"class":135},[44,163021,121],{"class":58},[44,163023,22950],{"class":117},[44,163025,100],{"class":58},[44,163027,163028],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,163029,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,163031,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040],{"class":46,"line":853},[44,163033,5606],{"class":805},[44,163035,5609],{"class":50},[44,163037,1383],{"class":805},[44,163039,163013],{"class":50},[44,163041,820],{"class":58},[44,163043,163044,163046,163048,163050],{"class":46,"line":6063},[44,163045,825],{"class":135},[44,163047,121],{"class":58},[44,163049,22950],{"class":117},[44,163051,100],{"class":58},[20,163053,163054],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[338,163056,163058],{"id":163057},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163060,163061],{},"This is correct:",[35,163063,163065],{"className":37,"code":163064,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163066,163067,163091,163107,163111,163135],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163068,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163070,4643],{"class":50},[44,163072,55],{"class":54},[44,163074,3273],{"class":58},[44,163076,63],{"class":62},[44,163078,12531],{"class":66},[44,163080,63],{"class":62},[44,163082,72],{"class":58},[44,163084,75],{"class":62},[44,163086,35583],{"class":66},[44,163088,63],{"class":62},[44,163090,3286],{"class":58},[44,163092,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103,163105],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,163094,4712],{"class":50},[44,163096,55],{"class":54},[44,163098,3273],{"class":58},[44,163100,13150],{"class":206},[44,163102,72],{"class":58},[44,163104,13155],{"class":206},[44,163106,3286],{"class":58},[44,163108,163109],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163110,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,163112,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131,163133],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,163114,5606],{"class":805},[44,163116,35634],{"class":50},[44,163118,72],{"class":58},[44,163120,4754],{"class":50},[44,163122,1383],{"class":805},[44,163124,161068],{"class":135},[44,163126,121],{"class":58},[44,163128,4687],{"class":117},[44,163130,72],{"class":58},[44,163132,4759],{"class":117},[44,163134,7991],{"class":58},[44,163136,163137,163139,163141,163143,163145,163147],{"class":46,"line":496},[44,163138,825],{"class":135},[44,163140,121],{"class":58},[44,163142,7318],{"class":117},[44,163144,72],{"class":58},[44,163146,130469],{"class":117},[44,163148,100],{"class":58},[20,163150,163151],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[35,163153,163155],{"className":37,"code":163154,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163156,163157,163177],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163158,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167,163169,163171,163173,163175],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163160,5606],{"class":805},[44,163162,5609],{"class":50},[44,163164,1383],{"class":805},[44,163166,161068],{"class":135},[44,163168,121],{"class":58},[44,163170,4687],{"class":117},[44,163172,72],{"class":58},[44,163174,4759],{"class":117},[44,163176,7991],{"class":58},[44,163178,163179,163181,163183,163185],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,163180,825],{"class":135},[44,163182,121],{"class":58},[44,163184,22950],{"class":117},[44,163186,100],{"class":58},[20,163188,247],{},[35,163190,163192],{"className":37,"code":163191,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163193,163194,163210],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163195,163196,163198,163200,163202,163204,163206,163208],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163197,121],{"class":58},[44,163199,2948],{"class":62},[44,163201,12531],{"class":66},[44,163203,2948],{"class":62},[44,163205,72],{"class":58},[44,163207,19541],{"class":206},[44,163209,100],{"class":58},[44,163211,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,163213,121],{"class":58},[44,163215,2948],{"class":62},[44,163217,35583],{"class":66},[44,163219,2948],{"class":62},[44,163221,72],{"class":58},[44,163223,13155],{"class":206},[44,163225,100],{"class":58},[20,163227,163228],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[338,163230,895,163232,163234,163235],{"id":163231},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163233,63951],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163236,35392],{},[20,163238,651,163239,163241],{},[15,163240,63951],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163243,651,163244,163246],{},[15,163245,35392],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[35,163248,163249],{"className":37,"code":35560,"language":39,"meta":40,"style":40},[15,163250,163251,163283,163287,163307],{"__ignoreMap":40},[44,163252,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261,163263,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275,163277,163279,163281],{"class":46,"line":47},[44,163254,4643],{"class":50},[44,163256,55],{"class":54},[44,163258,3273],{"class":58},[44,163260,63],{"class":62},[44,163262,12531],{"class":66},[44,163264,63],{"class":62},[44,163266,72],{"class":58},[44,163268,75],{"class":62},[44,163270,35583],{"class":66},[44,163272,63],{"class":62},[44,163274,72],{"class":58},[44,163276,75],{"class":62},[44,163278,35592],{"class":66},[44,163280,63],{"class":62},[44,163282,3286],{"class":58},[44,163284,163285],{"class":46,"line":103},[44,163286,435],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":434},[44,163288,163289,163291,163293,163295,163297,163299,163301,163303,163305],{"class":46,"line":132},[44,163290,5606],{"class":805},[44,163292,35464],{"class":50},[44,163294,72],{"class":58},[44,163296,35611],{"class":50},[44,163298,1383],{"class":805},[44,163300,35474],{"class":135},[44,163302,121],{"class":58},[44,163304,4687],{"class":117},[44,163306,7991],{"class":58},[44,163308,163309,163311,163313,163315,163317,163319],{"class":46,"line":465},[44,163310,825],{"class":135},[44,163312,121],{"class":58},[44,163314,118],{"class":117},[44,163316,72],{"class":58},[44,163318,35634],{"class":117},[44,163320,100],{"class":58},[20,163322,163323,163324,114],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[270,163325,3225,163326,3158],{"href":91638},[15,163327,35392],{},[30,163329,1497],{"id":1496},[338,163331,1501,163333,4793],{"id":163332},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163334,63951],{},[20,163336,163337],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[338,163339,12355,163341,163343],{"id":163340},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163342,63951],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163345,163346],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[338,163348,163350,163351,1547],{"id":163349},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163352,63951],{},[20,163354,163355,163356,114],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163357,161963],{},[338,163359,163361,163362,1547],{"id":163360},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163363,63951],{},[20,163365,127836,163366,163368],{},[15,163367,162116],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[338,163370,163372],{"id":163371},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163374,163375],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[30,163377,1554],{"id":1553},[169,163379,163380,163385,163391,163395,163399],{},[172,163381,163382],{},[270,163383,163384],{"href":162903},"How to use zip in Python",[172,163386,163387],{},[270,163388,3225,163389,3158],{"href":91638},[15,163390,35392],{},[172,163392,163393],{},[270,163394,4865],{"href":5234},[172,163396,163397],{},[270,163398,69306],{"href":69229},[172,163400,163401],{},[270,163402,31901],{"href":30726},[1583,163404,163405],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":40,"searchDepth":103,"depth":103,"links":163407},[163408,163409,163411,163412,163413,163414,163422,163428,163437,163448],{"id":32,"depth":103,"text":33},{"id":161127,"depth":103,"text":163410},"What zip() does",{"id":276,"depth":103,"text":277},{"id":161520,"depth":103,"text":161521},{"id":161697,"depth":103,"text":161698},{"id":161949,"depth":103,"text":163415,"children":163416},"Converting zip() output",[163417,163419,163421],{"id":161960,"depth":132,"text":163418},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162113,"depth":132,"text":163420},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162283,"depth":132,"text":162284},{"id":40681,"depth":103,"text":40682,"children":163423},[163424,163425,163426,163427],{"id":162445,"depth":132,"text":162446},{"id":162562,"depth":132,"text":162563},{"id":162663,"depth":132,"text":162664},{"id":162774,"depth":132,"text":162775},{"id":162907,"depth":103,"text":163429,"children":163430},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163431,163433,163434,163435],{"id":162913,"depth":132,"text":163432},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162954,"depth":132,"text":162955},{"id":163057,"depth":132,"text":163058},{"id":163231,"depth":132,"text":163436},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1496,"depth":103,"text":1497,"children":163438},[163439,163441,163443,163445,163447],{"id":163332,"depth":132,"text":163440},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163340,"depth":132,"text":163442},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163349,"depth":132,"text":163444},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163360,"depth":132,"text":163446},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163371,"depth":132,"text":163372},{"id":1553,"depth":103,"text":1554},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160969,"description":163449},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945071475]