[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163414},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained":3,"nav-reference":1552},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1545,"extension":1546,"meta":1547,"navigation":109,"path":1548,"seo":1549,"stem":1550,"__hash__":1551},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1527},"minimark",[9,13,17,20,36,41,44,179,190,199,203,206,209,212,231,234,312,315,335,342,346,349,366,369,387,389,486,489,493,496,516,518,614,617,620,624,627,726,728,748,751,755,758,760,820,822,864,867,881,891,996,1006,1010,1013,1021,1024,1072,1074,1082,1085,1136,1138,1156,1163,1167,1170,1173,1176,1227,1230,1289,1292,1295,1299,1302,1324,1327,1403,1406,1420,1424,1429,1434,1438,1444,1461,1465,1468,1485,1489,1492,1496,1523],[10,11,5],"h1",{"id":12},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[14,15,16],"p",{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[14,18,19],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[21,22,23,27,30,33],"ul",{},[24,25,26],"li",{},"positive indexes",[24,28,29],{},"negative indexes",[24,31,32],{},"common indexing mistakes",[24,34,35],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[37,38,40],"h2",{"id":39},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[14,42,43],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[45,46,51],"pre",{"className":47,"code":48,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n","python","",[52,53,54,104,111,139,158],"code",{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56,59,63,67,71,75,79,81,84,87,90,92,94,96,99,101],"span",{"class":57,"line":58},"line",1,[55,60,62],{"class":61},"su5hD","colors ",[55,64,66],{"class":65},"smGrS","=",[55,68,70],{"class":69},"sP7_E"," (",[55,72,74],{"class":73},"sjJ54","\"",[55,76,78],{"class":77},"s_sjI","red",[55,80,74],{"class":73},[55,82,83],{"class":69},",",[55,85,86],{"class":73}," \"",[55,88,89],{"class":77},"green",[55,91,74],{"class":73},[55,93,83],{"class":69},[55,95,86],{"class":73},[55,97,98],{"class":77},"blue",[55,100,74],{"class":73},[55,102,103],{"class":69},")\n",[55,105,107],{"class":57,"line":106},2,[55,108,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},true,"\n",[55,112,114,118,121,125,128,132,135],{"class":57,"line":113},3,[55,115,117],{"class":116},"sptTA","print",[55,119,120],{"class":69},"(",[55,122,124],{"class":123},"slqww","colors",[55,126,127],{"class":69},"[",[55,129,131],{"class":130},"srdBf","0",[55,133,134],{"class":69},"])",[55,136,138],{"class":137},"sutJx","   # red\n",[55,140,142,144,146,148,150,153,155],{"class":57,"line":141},4,[55,143,117],{"class":116},[55,145,120],{"class":69},[55,147,124],{"class":123},[55,149,127],{"class":69},[55,151,152],{"class":130},"1",[55,154,134],{"class":69},[55,156,157],{"class":137},"   # green\n",[55,159,161,163,165,167,169,172,174,176],{"class":57,"line":160},5,[55,162,117],{"class":116},[55,164,120],{"class":69},[55,166,124],{"class":123},[55,168,127],{"class":69},[55,170,171],{"class":65},"-",[55,173,152],{"class":130},[55,175,134],{"class":69},[55,177,178],{"class":137},"  # blue\n",[21,180,181,187],{},[24,182,183,184,186],{},"Index ",[52,185,131],{}," is the first item.",[24,188,189],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[14,191,192,193,198],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[194,195,197],"a",{"href":196},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","how to create a tuple in Python",".",[37,200,202],{"id":201},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[14,204,205],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[14,207,208],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[14,210,211],{},"Important points:",[21,213,214,217,225,228],{},[24,215,216],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[24,218,219,220,222,223],{},"Python starts counting at ",[52,221,131],{},", not ",[52,224,152],{},[24,226,227],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[24,229,230],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[14,232,233],{},"Example:",[45,235,237],{"className":47,"code":236,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[52,238,239,263,267,283,297],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,240,241,244,246,248,251,253,256,258,261],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,242,243],{"class":61},"numbers ",[55,245,66],{"class":65},[55,247,70],{"class":69},[55,249,250],{"class":130},"10",[55,252,83],{"class":69},[55,254,255],{"class":130}," 20",[55,257,83],{"class":69},[55,259,260],{"class":130}," 30",[55,262,103],{"class":69},[55,264,265],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,266,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,268,269,271,273,276,278,280],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,270,117],{"class":116},[55,272,120],{"class":69},[55,274,275],{"class":123},"numbers",[55,277,127],{"class":69},[55,279,131],{"class":130},[55,281,282],{"class":69},"])\n",[55,284,285,287,289,291,293,295],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,286,117],{"class":116},[55,288,120],{"class":69},[55,290,275],{"class":123},[55,292,127],{"class":69},[55,294,152],{"class":130},[55,296,282],{"class":69},[55,298,299,301,303,305,307,310],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,300,117],{"class":116},[55,302,120],{"class":69},[55,304,275],{"class":123},[55,306,127],{"class":69},[55,308,309],{"class":130},"2",[55,311,282],{"class":69},[14,313,314],{},"Output:",[45,316,318],{"className":47,"code":317,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"10\n20\n30\n",[52,319,320,325,330],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,321,322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,323,324],{"class":130},"10\n",[55,326,327],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,328,329],{"class":130},"20\n",[55,331,332],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,333,334],{"class":130},"30\n",[14,336,337,338,198],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[194,339,341],{"href":340},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[37,343,345],{"id":344},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[14,347,348],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[21,350,351,356,361],{},[24,352,353,355],{},[52,354,131],{}," = first item",[24,357,358,360],{},[52,359,152],{}," = second item",[24,362,363,365],{},[52,364,309],{}," = third item",[14,367,368],{},"Pattern:",[45,370,372],{"className":47,"code":371,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tuple_name[index]\n",[52,373,374],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,375,376,379,381,384],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,377,378],{"class":61},"tuple_name",[55,380,127],{"class":69},[55,382,383],{"class":61},"index",[55,385,386],{"class":69},"]\n",[14,388,233],{},[45,390,392],{"className":47,"code":391,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[52,393,394,430,434,452,469],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,395,396,399,401,403,405,408,410,412,414,417,419,421,423,426,428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,397,398],{"class":61},"fruits ",[55,400,66],{"class":65},[55,402,70],{"class":69},[55,404,74],{"class":73},[55,406,407],{"class":77},"apple",[55,409,74],{"class":73},[55,411,83],{"class":69},[55,413,86],{"class":73},[55,415,416],{"class":77},"banana",[55,418,74],{"class":73},[55,420,83],{"class":69},[55,422,86],{"class":73},[55,424,425],{"class":77},"cherry",[55,427,74],{"class":73},[55,429,103],{"class":69},[55,431,432],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,433,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,435,436,438,440,443,445,447,449],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,437,117],{"class":116},[55,439,120],{"class":69},[55,441,442],{"class":123},"fruits",[55,444,127],{"class":69},[55,446,131],{"class":130},[55,448,134],{"class":69},[55,450,451],{"class":137},"  # apple\n",[55,453,454,456,458,460,462,464,466],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,455,117],{"class":116},[55,457,120],{"class":69},[55,459,442],{"class":123},[55,461,127],{"class":69},[55,463,152],{"class":130},[55,465,134],{"class":69},[55,467,468],{"class":137},"  # banana\n",[55,470,471,473,475,477,479,481,483],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,472,117],{"class":116},[55,474,120],{"class":69},[55,476,442],{"class":123},[55,478,127],{"class":69},[55,480,309],{"class":130},[55,482,134],{"class":69},[55,484,485],{"class":137},"  # cherry\n",[14,487,488],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[37,490,492],{"id":491},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[14,494,495],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[21,497,498,504,510],{},[24,499,500,503],{},[52,501,502],{},"-1"," = last item",[24,505,506,509],{},[52,507,508],{},"-2"," = second-to-last item",[24,511,512,515],{},[52,513,514],{},"-3"," = third-to-last item",[14,517,233],{},[45,519,521],{"className":47,"code":520,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[52,522,523,555,559,577,595],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,524,525,527,529,531,533,535,537,539,541,543,545,547,549,551,553],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,526,398],{"class":61},[55,528,66],{"class":65},[55,530,70],{"class":69},[55,532,74],{"class":73},[55,534,407],{"class":77},[55,536,74],{"class":73},[55,538,83],{"class":69},[55,540,86],{"class":73},[55,542,416],{"class":77},[55,544,74],{"class":73},[55,546,83],{"class":69},[55,548,86],{"class":73},[55,550,425],{"class":77},[55,552,74],{"class":73},[55,554,103],{"class":69},[55,556,557],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,558,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,560,561,563,565,567,569,571,573,575],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,562,117],{"class":116},[55,564,120],{"class":69},[55,566,442],{"class":123},[55,568,127],{"class":69},[55,570,171],{"class":65},[55,572,152],{"class":130},[55,574,134],{"class":69},[55,576,485],{"class":137},[55,578,579,581,583,585,587,589,591,593],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,580,117],{"class":116},[55,582,120],{"class":69},[55,584,442],{"class":123},[55,586,127],{"class":69},[55,588,171],{"class":65},[55,590,309],{"class":130},[55,592,134],{"class":69},[55,594,468],{"class":137},[55,596,597,599,601,603,605,607,610,612],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,598,117],{"class":116},[55,600,120],{"class":69},[55,602,442],{"class":123},[55,604,127],{"class":69},[55,606,171],{"class":65},[55,608,609],{"class":130},"3",[55,611,134],{"class":69},[55,613,451],{"class":137},[14,615,616],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[14,618,619],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[37,621,623],{"id":622},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[14,625,626],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[45,628,630],{"className":47,"code":629,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[52,631,632,668,672,690,707],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,633,634,637,639,641,643,646,648,650,652,655,657,659,661,664,666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,635,636],{"class":61},"names ",[55,638,66],{"class":65},[55,640,70],{"class":69},[55,642,74],{"class":73},[55,644,645],{"class":77},"Ana",[55,647,74],{"class":73},[55,649,83],{"class":69},[55,651,86],{"class":73},[55,653,654],{"class":77},"Ben",[55,656,74],{"class":73},[55,658,83],{"class":69},[55,660,86],{"class":73},[55,662,663],{"class":77},"Cara",[55,665,74],{"class":73},[55,667,103],{"class":69},[55,669,670],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,671,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,673,674,676,678,681,683,685,687],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,675,117],{"class":116},[55,677,120],{"class":69},[55,679,680],{"class":123},"names",[55,682,127],{"class":69},[55,684,131],{"class":130},[55,686,134],{"class":69},[55,688,689],{"class":137},"   # first item\n",[55,691,692,694,696,698,700,702,704],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,693,117],{"class":116},[55,695,120],{"class":69},[55,697,680],{"class":123},[55,699,127],{"class":69},[55,701,152],{"class":130},[55,703,134],{"class":69},[55,705,706],{"class":137},"   # middle item\n",[55,708,709,711,713,715,717,719,721,723],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,710,117],{"class":116},[55,712,120],{"class":69},[55,714,680],{"class":123},[55,716,127],{"class":69},[55,718,171],{"class":65},[55,720,152],{"class":130},[55,722,134],{"class":69},[55,724,725],{"class":137},"  # last item\n",[14,727,314],{},[45,729,731],{"className":47,"code":730,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[52,732,733,738,743],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,734,735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,736,737],{"class":61},"Ana\n",[55,739,740],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,741,742],{"class":61},"Ben\n",[55,744,745],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,746,747],{"class":61},"Cara\n",[14,749,750],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[37,752,754],{"id":753},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[14,756,757],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[14,759,233],{},[45,761,763],{"className":47,"code":762,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[52,764,765,800,804],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,766,767,770,772,774,776,778,780,782,784,787,789,791,793,796,798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,768,769],{"class":61},"letters ",[55,771,66],{"class":65},[55,773,70],{"class":69},[55,775,74],{"class":73},[55,777,194],{"class":77},[55,779,74],{"class":73},[55,781,83],{"class":69},[55,783,86],{"class":73},[55,785,786],{"class":77},"b",[55,788,74],{"class":73},[55,790,83],{"class":69},[55,792,86],{"class":73},[55,794,795],{"class":77},"c",[55,797,74],{"class":73},[55,799,103],{"class":69},[55,801,802],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,803,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,805,806,808,810,813,815,818],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,807,117],{"class":116},[55,809,120],{"class":69},[55,811,812],{"class":123},"letters",[55,814,127],{"class":69},[55,816,817],{"class":130},"5",[55,819,282],{"class":69},[14,821,314],{},[45,823,825],{"className":47,"code":824,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[52,826,827,840,846],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,828,829,832,834,837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,830,831],{"class":123},"Traceback ",[55,833,120],{"class":69},[55,835,836],{"class":123},"most recent call last",[55,838,839],{"class":69},"):\n",[55,841,842],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,843,845],{"class":844},"s_hVV","  ...\n",[55,847,848,852,855,858,861],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,849,851],{"class":850},"sZMiF","IndexError",[55,853,854],{"class":69},":",[55,856,857],{"class":850}," tuple",[55,859,860],{"class":61}," index out of ",[55,862,863],{"class":116},"range\n",[14,865,866],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[21,868,869,873,877],{},[24,870,871],{},[52,872,131],{},[24,874,875],{},[52,876,152],{},[24,878,879],{},[52,880,309],{},[14,882,883,884,198],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[194,885,887,890],{"href":886},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F",[52,888,889],{},"len()"," on a tuple",[45,892,894],{"className":47,"code":893,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[52,895,896,928,932,951,955,980],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,897,898,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914,916,918,920,922,924,926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,899,769],{"class":61},[55,901,66],{"class":65},[55,903,70],{"class":69},[55,905,74],{"class":73},[55,907,194],{"class":77},[55,909,74],{"class":73},[55,911,83],{"class":69},[55,913,86],{"class":73},[55,915,786],{"class":77},[55,917,74],{"class":73},[55,919,83],{"class":69},[55,921,86],{"class":73},[55,923,795],{"class":77},[55,925,74],{"class":73},[55,927,103],{"class":69},[55,929,930],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,931,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,933,934,936,938,941,943,945,948],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,935,117],{"class":116},[55,937,120],{"class":69},[55,939,940],{"class":116},"len",[55,942,120],{"class":69},[55,944,812],{"class":123},[55,946,947],{"class":69},"))",[55,949,950],{"class":137},"  # 3\n",[55,952,953],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,954,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,956,957,961,964,966,968,971,974,977],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,958,960],{"class":959},"sVHd0","if",[55,962,963],{"class":116}," len",[55,965,120],{"class":69},[55,967,812],{"class":123},[55,969,970],{"class":69},")",[55,972,973],{"class":65}," >",[55,975,976],{"class":130}," 2",[55,978,979],{"class":69},":\n",[55,981,983,986,988,990,992,994],{"class":57,"line":982},6,[55,984,985],{"class":116},"    print",[55,987,120],{"class":69},[55,989,812],{"class":123},[55,991,127],{"class":69},[55,993,309],{"class":130},[55,995,282],{"class":69},[14,997,998,999,198],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[194,1000,1002,1003],{"href":1001},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[52,1004,1005],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[37,1007,1009],{"id":1008},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[14,1011,1012],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[21,1014,1015,1018],{},[24,1016,1017],{},"Indexing gets one item",[24,1019,1020],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[14,1022,1023],{},"Indexing example:",[45,1025,1027],{"className":47,"code":1026,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[52,1028,1029,1054,1058],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1030,1031,1033,1035,1037,1039,1041,1043,1045,1047,1049,1052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1032,243],{"class":61},[55,1034,66],{"class":65},[55,1036,70],{"class":69},[55,1038,250],{"class":130},[55,1040,83],{"class":69},[55,1042,255],{"class":130},[55,1044,83],{"class":69},[55,1046,260],{"class":130},[55,1048,83],{"class":69},[55,1050,1051],{"class":130}," 40",[55,1053,103],{"class":69},[55,1055,1056],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1057,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,1059,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1070],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1061,117],{"class":116},[55,1063,120],{"class":69},[55,1065,275],{"class":123},[55,1067,127],{"class":69},[55,1069,152],{"class":130},[55,1071,282],{"class":69},[14,1073,314],{},[45,1075,1076],{"className":47,"code":329,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,1077,1078],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1079,1080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1081,329],{"class":130},[14,1083,1084],{},"Slicing example:",[45,1086,1088],{"className":47,"code":1087,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[52,1089,1090,1114,1118],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1091,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1093,243],{"class":61},[55,1095,66],{"class":65},[55,1097,70],{"class":69},[55,1099,250],{"class":130},[55,1101,83],{"class":69},[55,1103,255],{"class":130},[55,1105,83],{"class":69},[55,1107,260],{"class":130},[55,1109,83],{"class":69},[55,1111,1051],{"class":130},[55,1113,103],{"class":69},[55,1115,1116],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1117,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,1119,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130,1132,1134],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1121,117],{"class":116},[55,1123,120],{"class":69},[55,1125,275],{"class":123},[55,1127,127],{"class":69},[55,1129,152],{"class":130},[55,1131,854],{"class":69},[55,1133,609],{"class":130},[55,1135,282],{"class":69},[14,1137,314],{},[45,1139,1141],{"className":47,"code":1140,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(20, 30)\n",[52,1142,1143],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1144,1145,1147,1150,1152,1154],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1146,120],{"class":69},[55,1148,1149],{"class":130},"20",[55,1151,83],{"class":69},[55,1153,260],{"class":130},[55,1155,103],{"class":69},[14,1157,1158,1159,198],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[194,1160,1162],{"href":1161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[37,1164,1166],{"id":1165},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[14,1168,1169],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[14,1171,1172],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[14,1174,1175],{},"This works:",[45,1177,1179],{"className":47,"code":1178,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[52,1180,1181,1213],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1182,1183,1185,1187,1189,1191,1193,1195,1197,1199,1201,1203,1205,1207,1209,1211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1184,62],{"class":61},[55,1186,66],{"class":65},[55,1188,70],{"class":69},[55,1190,74],{"class":73},[55,1192,78],{"class":77},[55,1194,74],{"class":73},[55,1196,83],{"class":69},[55,1198,86],{"class":73},[55,1200,89],{"class":77},[55,1202,74],{"class":73},[55,1204,83],{"class":69},[55,1206,86],{"class":73},[55,1208,98],{"class":77},[55,1210,74],{"class":73},[55,1212,103],{"class":69},[55,1214,1215,1217,1219,1221,1223,1225],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1216,117],{"class":116},[55,1218,120],{"class":69},[55,1220,124],{"class":123},[55,1222,127],{"class":69},[55,1224,152],{"class":130},[55,1226,282],{"class":69},[14,1228,1229],{},"But this does not work:",[45,1231,1233],{"className":47,"code":1232,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[52,1234,1235,1267],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1236,1237,1239,1241,1243,1245,1247,1249,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1238,62],{"class":61},[55,1240,66],{"class":65},[55,1242,70],{"class":69},[55,1244,74],{"class":73},[55,1246,78],{"class":77},[55,1248,74],{"class":73},[55,1250,83],{"class":69},[55,1252,86],{"class":73},[55,1254,89],{"class":77},[55,1256,74],{"class":73},[55,1258,83],{"class":69},[55,1260,86],{"class":73},[55,1262,98],{"class":77},[55,1264,74],{"class":73},[55,1266,103],{"class":69},[55,1268,1269,1271,1273,1275,1278,1281,1283,1286],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1270,124],{"class":61},[55,1272,127],{"class":69},[55,1274,152],{"class":130},[55,1276,1277],{"class":69},"]",[55,1279,1280],{"class":65}," =",[55,1282,86],{"class":73},[55,1284,1285],{"class":77},"yellow",[55,1287,1288],{"class":73},"\"\n",[14,1290,1291],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[14,1293,1294],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[37,1296,1298],{"id":1297},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[14,1300,1301],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[21,1303,1304,1312,1315,1318],{},[24,1305,1306,1307,1309,1310],{},"Starting at index ",[52,1308,152],{}," instead of ",[52,1311,131],{},[24,1313,1314],{},"Using an index that is too large",[24,1316,1317],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[24,1319,1320,1321],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[52,1322,1323],{},"tuple[index]",[14,1325,1326],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[45,1328,1330],{"className":47,"code":1329,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[52,1331,1332,1343,1358,1372,1388],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1333,1334,1336,1338,1341],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1335,117],{"class":116},[55,1337,120],{"class":69},[55,1339,1340],{"class":123},"my_tuple",[55,1342,103],{"class":69},[55,1344,1345,1347,1349,1351,1353,1355],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1346,117],{"class":116},[55,1348,120],{"class":69},[55,1350,940],{"class":116},[55,1352,120],{"class":69},[55,1354,1340],{"class":123},[55,1356,1357],{"class":69},"))\n",[55,1359,1360,1362,1364,1366,1368,1370],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1361,117],{"class":116},[55,1363,120],{"class":69},[55,1365,1340],{"class":123},[55,1367,127],{"class":69},[55,1369,131],{"class":130},[55,1371,282],{"class":69},[55,1373,1374,1376,1378,1380,1382,1384,1386],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,1375,117],{"class":116},[55,1377,120],{"class":69},[55,1379,1340],{"class":123},[55,1381,127],{"class":69},[55,1383,171],{"class":65},[55,1385,152],{"class":130},[55,1387,282],{"class":69},[55,1389,1390,1392,1394,1397,1399,1401],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,1391,117],{"class":116},[55,1393,120],{"class":69},[55,1395,1396],{"class":850},"type",[55,1398,120],{"class":69},[55,1400,1340],{"class":123},[55,1402,1357],{"class":69},[14,1404,1405],{},"These can help you confirm:",[21,1407,1408,1411,1414,1417],{},[24,1409,1410],{},"what the tuple contains",[24,1412,1413],{},"how many items it has",[24,1415,1416],{},"what the first and last items are",[24,1418,1419],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[37,1421,1423],{"id":1422},"faq","FAQ",[1425,1426,1428],"h3",{"id":1427},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[14,1430,1431,1432,198],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[52,1433,131],{},[1425,1435,1437],{"id":1436},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[14,1439,1440,1441,1443],{},"Use ",[52,1442,502],{}," as the index:",[45,1445,1447],{"className":47,"code":1446,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[52,1448,1449],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1450,1451,1453,1455,1457,1459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1452,1340],{"class":61},[55,1454,127],{"class":69},[55,1456,171],{"class":65},[55,1458,152],{"class":130},[55,1460,386],{"class":69},[1425,1462,1464],{"id":1463},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[14,1466,1467],{},"Python raises:",[45,1469,1471],{"className":47,"code":1470,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[52,1472,1473],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1474,1475,1477,1479,1481,1483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1476,851],{"class":850},[55,1478,854],{"class":69},[55,1480,857],{"class":850},[55,1482,860],{"class":61},[55,1484,863],{"class":116},[1425,1486,1488],{"id":1487},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[14,1490,1491],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[37,1493,1495],{"id":1494},"see-also","See also",[21,1497,1498,1503,1507,1512,1519],{},[24,1499,1500],{},[194,1501,1502],{"href":196},"How to create a tuple in Python",[24,1504,1505],{},[194,1506,1162],{"href":1161},[24,1508,1509],{},[194,1510,1511],{"href":886},"Python tuple length with len()",[24,1513,1514],{},[194,1515,1516,1517],{"href":1001},"How to fix ",[52,1518,1005],{},[24,1520,1521],{},[194,1522,341],{"href":340},[1524,1525,1526],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":1528},[1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1544],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":201,"depth":106,"text":202},{"id":344,"depth":106,"text":345},{"id":491,"depth":106,"text":492},{"id":622,"depth":106,"text":623},{"id":753,"depth":106,"text":754},{"id":1008,"depth":106,"text":1009},{"id":1165,"depth":106,"text":1166},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":1539},[1540,1541,1542,1543],{"id":1427,"depth":113,"text":1428},{"id":1436,"depth":113,"text":1437},{"id":1463,"depth":113,"text":1464},{"id":1487,"depth":113,"text":1488},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",{"title":5,"description":1545},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",[1553,3157,4869,6567,8707,10908,12428,14600,16806,19263,21101,23666,25763,28045,29993,31904,33901,35340,37162,39685,41847,43075,44446,46094,48414,50257,52236,53930,55183,56877,58628,60598,62347,64447,65806,67757,69320,71307,73102,75002,77443,79521,82161,84190,86153,88341,90345,92658,94340,95784,96978,98156,99996,102436,104140,106155,107679,108924,110087,111469,113540,115437,117211,119077,121196,122936,124398,125992,127915,129592,131527,133014,135798,137375,138934,140962,142914,144377,145566,147452,148858,150550,152104,153524,154803,156701,159095,160926],{"id":1554,"title":1555,"body":1556,"description":3151,"extension":1546,"meta":3152,"navigation":109,"path":3153,"seo":3154,"stem":3155,"__hash__":3156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1557,"toc":3123},[1558,1561,1568,1571,1582,1585,1589,1652,1654,1674,1679,1683,1688,1691,1706,1709,1734,1737,1741,1744,1760,1763,1790,1792,1852,1854,1869,1879,1890,1894,1897,1950,1952,1971,1974,1998,2005,2009,2014,2020,2022,2061,2063,2072,2079,2097,2100,2112,2116,2121,2125,2128,2149,2151,2209,2211,2219,2222,2226,2258,2260,2268,2271,2275,2280,2328,2330,2338,2342,2402,2404,2412,2415,2417,2421,2424,2447,2456,2472,2523,2525,2540,2551,2555,2558,2587,2594,2598,2603,2644,2646,2657,2660,2703,2705,2713,2717,2722,2744,2746,2755,2764,2768,2773,2795,2797,2867,2869,2921,2924,2927,2930,3009,3011,3042,3044,3048,3051,3055,3058,3062,3065,3069,3081,3085,3088,3090,3120],[10,1559,1555],{"id":1560},"python-abs-function-explained",[14,1562,1563,1564,1567],{},"The ",[52,1565,1566],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1569,1570],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[21,1572,1573,1576,1579],{},[24,1574,1575],{},"a number without its negative sign",[24,1577,1578],{},"the distance between two numbers",[24,1580,1581],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[14,1583,1584],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[37,1586,1588],{"id":1587},"quick-example","Quick example",[45,1590,1592],{"className":47,"code":1591,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[52,1593,1594,1612,1627],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1595,1596,1598,1600,1603,1605,1607,1610],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1597,117],{"class":116},[55,1599,120],{"class":69},[55,1601,1602],{"class":116},"abs",[55,1604,120],{"class":69},[55,1606,171],{"class":65},[55,1608,1609],{"class":130},"7",[55,1611,1357],{"class":69},[55,1613,1614,1616,1618,1620,1622,1625],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1615,117],{"class":116},[55,1617,120],{"class":69},[55,1619,1602],{"class":116},[55,1621,120],{"class":69},[55,1623,1624],{"class":130},"3.5",[55,1626,1357],{"class":69},[55,1628,1629,1631,1633,1635,1637,1639,1641,1644,1646,1650],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1630,117],{"class":116},[55,1632,120],{"class":69},[55,1634,1602],{"class":116},[55,1636,120],{"class":69},[55,1638,171],{"class":65},[55,1640,309],{"class":130},[55,1642,1643],{"class":65},"+",[55,1645,609],{"class":130},[55,1647,1649],{"class":1648},"sbsja","j",[55,1651,1357],{"class":69},[14,1653,314],{},[45,1655,1657],{"className":47,"code":1656,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[52,1658,1659,1664,1669],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1660,1661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1662,1663],{"class":130},"7\n",[55,1665,1666],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1667,1668],{"class":130},"3.5\n",[55,1670,1671],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1672,1673],{"class":130},"3.605551275463989\n",[14,1675,1440,1676,1678],{},[52,1677,1566],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[37,1680,1682],{"id":1681},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[14,1684,1685,1687],{},[52,1686,1566],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[14,1689,1690],{},"That means:",[21,1692,1693,1696,1699],{},[24,1694,1695],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[24,1697,1698],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[24,1700,1701,1703,1704],{},[52,1702,131],{}," stays ",[52,1705,131],{},[14,1707,1708],{},"Examples:",[21,1710,1711,1719,1727],{},[24,1712,1713,1716,1717],{},[52,1714,1715],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[52,1718,817],{},[24,1720,1721,1716,1724],{},[52,1722,1723],{},"abs(9)",[52,1725,1726],{},"9",[24,1728,1729,1716,1732],{},[52,1730,1731],{},"abs(0)",[52,1733,131],{},[14,1735,1736],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[37,1738,1740],{"id":1739},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[14,1742,1743],{},"The syntax is:",[45,1745,1747],{"className":47,"code":1746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"abs(x)\n",[52,1748,1749],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1750,1751,1753,1755,1758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1752,1602],{"class":116},[55,1754,120],{"class":69},[55,1756,1757],{"class":123},"x",[55,1759,103],{"class":69},[14,1761,1762],{},"Here:",[21,1764,1765,1782,1787],{},[24,1766,1767,1769,1770,1773,1774,1777,1778,1781],{},[52,1768,1757],{}," is usually an ",[52,1771,1772],{},"int",", ",[52,1775,1776],{},"float",", or ",[52,1779,1780],{},"complex"," number",[24,1783,1784,1786],{},[52,1785,1566],{}," returns a new value",[24,1788,1789],{},"it does not change the original variable",[14,1791,233],{},[45,1793,1795],{"className":47,"code":1794,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[52,1796,1797,1810,1827,1831,1841],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1798,1799,1802,1804,1807],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1800,1801],{"class":61},"number ",[55,1803,66],{"class":65},[55,1805,1806],{"class":65}," -",[55,1808,1809],{"class":130},"12\n",[55,1811,1812,1815,1817,1820,1822,1825],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1813,1814],{"class":61},"result ",[55,1816,66],{"class":65},[55,1818,1819],{"class":116}," abs",[55,1821,120],{"class":69},[55,1823,1824],{"class":123},"number",[55,1826,103],{"class":69},[55,1828,1829],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1830,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,1832,1833,1835,1837,1839],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,1834,117],{"class":116},[55,1836,120],{"class":69},[55,1838,1824],{"class":123},[55,1840,103],{"class":69},[55,1842,1843,1845,1847,1850],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,1844,117],{"class":116},[55,1846,120],{"class":69},[55,1848,1849],{"class":123},"result",[55,1851,103],{"class":69},[14,1853,314],{},[45,1855,1857],{"className":47,"code":1856,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"-12\n12\n",[52,1858,1859,1865],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1860,1861,1863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1862,171],{"class":65},[55,1864,1809],{"class":130},[55,1866,1867],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1868,1809],{"class":130},[14,1870,1871,1872,1874,1875,1878],{},"Notice that ",[52,1873,1824],{}," is still ",[52,1876,1877],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[14,1880,1881,1882,1889],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[194,1883,1885,1888],{"href":1884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[52,1886,1887],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[37,1891,1893],{"id":1892},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[14,1895,1896],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[45,1898,1900],{"className":47,"code":1899,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[52,1901,1902,1918,1933],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1903,1904,1906,1908,1910,1912,1914,1916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1905,117],{"class":116},[55,1907,120],{"class":69},[55,1909,1602],{"class":116},[55,1911,120],{"class":69},[55,1913,171],{"class":65},[55,1915,250],{"class":130},[55,1917,1357],{"class":69},[55,1919,1920,1922,1924,1926,1928,1931],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1921,117],{"class":116},[55,1923,120],{"class":69},[55,1925,1602],{"class":116},[55,1927,120],{"class":69},[55,1929,1930],{"class":130},"8",[55,1932,1357],{"class":69},[55,1934,1935,1937,1939,1941,1943,1945,1948],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1936,117],{"class":116},[55,1938,120],{"class":69},[55,1940,1602],{"class":116},[55,1942,120],{"class":69},[55,1944,171],{"class":65},[55,1946,1947],{"class":130},"4.2",[55,1949,1357],{"class":69},[14,1951,314],{},[45,1953,1955],{"className":47,"code":1954,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[52,1956,1957,1961,1966],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,1958,1959],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,1960,324],{"class":130},[55,1962,1963],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,1964,1965],{"class":130},"8\n",[55,1967,1968],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,1969,1970],{"class":130},"4.2\n",[14,1972,1973],{},"What each line does:",[21,1975,1976,1984,1991],{},[24,1977,1978,1981,1982],{},[52,1979,1980],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[52,1983,250],{},[24,1985,1986,1981,1989],{},[52,1987,1988],{},"abs(8)",[52,1990,1930],{},[24,1992,1993,1981,1996],{},[52,1994,1995],{},"abs(-4.2)",[52,1997,1947],{},[14,1999,2000,2001,198],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[194,2002,2004],{"href":2003},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[37,2006,2008],{"id":2007},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[14,2010,2011,2013],{},[52,2012,1566],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[14,2015,2016,2017,2019],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[52,2018,131],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[14,2021,233],{},[45,2023,2025],{"className":47,"code":2024,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[52,2026,2027,2046],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2028,2029,2032,2034,2037,2040,2043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2030,2031],{"class":61},"value ",[55,2033,66],{"class":65},[55,2035,2036],{"class":130}," 3",[55,2038,2039],{"class":65}," +",[55,2041,2042],{"class":130}," 4",[55,2044,2045],{"class":1648},"j\n",[55,2047,2048,2050,2052,2054,2056,2059],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2049,117],{"class":116},[55,2051,120],{"class":69},[55,2053,1602],{"class":116},[55,2055,120],{"class":69},[55,2057,2058],{"class":123},"value",[55,2060,1357],{"class":69},[14,2062,314],{},[45,2064,2066],{"className":47,"code":2065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5.0\n",[52,2067,2068],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2069,2070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2071,2065],{"class":130},[14,2073,2074,2075,2078],{},"Why ",[52,2076,2077],{},"5.0","?",[21,2080,2081,2086,2092],{},[24,2082,2083,2084],{},"the real part is ",[52,2085,609],{},[24,2087,2088,2089],{},"the imaginary part is ",[52,2090,2091],{},"4",[24,2093,2094,2095],{},"the magnitude is ",[52,2096,2077],{},[14,2098,2099],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[21,2101,2102,2109],{},[24,2103,2104,2106,2107],{},[52,2105,1566],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[52,2108,1776],{},[24,2110,2111],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[37,2113,2115],{"id":2114},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[14,2117,2118,2119,198],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[52,2120,1566],{},[1425,2122,2124],{"id":2123},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[14,2126,2127],{},"A very common pattern is:",[45,2129,2131],{"className":47,"code":2130,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"abs(a - b)\n",[52,2132,2133],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2134,2135,2137,2139,2142,2144,2147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2136,1602],{"class":116},[55,2138,120],{"class":69},[55,2140,2141],{"class":123},"a ",[55,2143,171],{"class":65},[55,2145,2146],{"class":123}," b",[55,2148,103],{"class":69},[14,2150,233],{},[45,2152,2154],{"className":47,"code":2153,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[52,2155,2156,2165,2175,2179,2198],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2157,2158,2160,2162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2159,2141],{"class":61},[55,2161,66],{"class":65},[55,2163,2164],{"class":130}," 3\n",[55,2166,2167,2170,2172],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2168,2169],{"class":61},"b ",[55,2171,66],{"class":65},[55,2173,2174],{"class":130}," 10\n",[55,2176,2177],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2178,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,2180,2181,2184,2186,2188,2190,2192,2194,2196],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,2182,2183],{"class":61},"distance ",[55,2185,66],{"class":65},[55,2187,1819],{"class":116},[55,2189,120],{"class":69},[55,2191,2141],{"class":123},[55,2193,171],{"class":65},[55,2195,2146],{"class":123},[55,2197,103],{"class":69},[55,2199,2200,2202,2204,2207],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,2201,117],{"class":116},[55,2203,120],{"class":69},[55,2205,2206],{"class":123},"distance",[55,2208,103],{"class":69},[14,2210,314],{},[45,2212,2213],{"className":47,"code":1663,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,2214,2215],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2216,2217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2218,1663],{"class":130},[14,2220,2221],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[1425,2223,2225],{"id":2224},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[45,2227,2229],{"className":47,"code":2228,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[52,2230,2231,2243],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2232,2233,2236,2238,2240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2234,2235],{"class":61},"temperature_change ",[55,2237,66],{"class":65},[55,2239,1806],{"class":65},[55,2241,2242],{"class":130},"6\n",[55,2244,2245,2247,2249,2251,2253,2256],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2246,117],{"class":116},[55,2248,120],{"class":69},[55,2250,1602],{"class":116},[55,2252,120],{"class":69},[55,2254,2255],{"class":123},"temperature_change",[55,2257,1357],{"class":69},[14,2259,314],{},[45,2261,2262],{"className":47,"code":2242,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,2263,2264],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2265,2266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2267,2242],{"class":130},[14,2269,2270],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[1425,2272,2274],{"id":2273},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[14,2276,2277,2278,1889],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[52,2279,1566],{},[45,2281,2283],{"className":47,"code":2282,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[52,2284,2285,2297,2313,2317],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2286,2287,2290,2292,2294],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2288,2289],{"class":61},"balance_change ",[55,2291,66],{"class":65},[55,2293,1806],{"class":65},[55,2295,2296],{"class":130},"25\n",[55,2298,2299,2302,2304,2306,2308,2311],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2300,2301],{"class":61},"safe_value ",[55,2303,66],{"class":65},[55,2305,1819],{"class":116},[55,2307,120],{"class":69},[55,2309,2310],{"class":123},"balance_change",[55,2312,103],{"class":69},[55,2314,2315],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2316,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,2318,2319,2321,2323,2326],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,2320,117],{"class":116},[55,2322,120],{"class":69},[55,2324,2325],{"class":123},"safe_value",[55,2327,103],{"class":69},[14,2329,314],{},[45,2331,2332],{"className":47,"code":2296,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,2333,2334],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2335,2336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2337,2296],{"class":130},[1425,2339,2341],{"id":2340},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[45,2343,2345],{"className":47,"code":2344,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[52,2346,2347,2357,2367,2371,2391],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2348,2349,2352,2354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2350,2351],{"class":61},"guess ",[55,2353,66],{"class":65},[55,2355,2356],{"class":130}," 42\n",[55,2358,2359,2362,2364],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2360,2361],{"class":61},"target ",[55,2363,66],{"class":65},[55,2365,2366],{"class":130}," 50\n",[55,2368,2369],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2370,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,2372,2373,2376,2378,2380,2382,2384,2386,2389],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,2374,2375],{"class":61},"difference ",[55,2377,66],{"class":65},[55,2379,1819],{"class":116},[55,2381,120],{"class":69},[55,2383,2351],{"class":123},[55,2385,171],{"class":65},[55,2387,2388],{"class":123}," target",[55,2390,103],{"class":69},[55,2392,2393,2395,2397,2400],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,2394,117],{"class":116},[55,2396,120],{"class":69},[55,2398,2399],{"class":123},"difference",[55,2401,103],{"class":69},[14,2403,314],{},[45,2405,2406],{"className":47,"code":1965,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,2407,2408],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2409,2410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2411,1965],{"class":130},[14,2413,2414],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[37,2416,1298],{"id":1297},[1425,2418,2420],{"id":2419},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[14,2422,2423],{},"This causes an error:",[45,2425,2427],{"className":47,"code":2426,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[52,2428,2429],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2430,2431,2433,2435,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2432,117],{"class":116},[55,2434,120],{"class":69},[55,2436,1602],{"class":116},[55,2438,120],{"class":69},[55,2440,74],{"class":73},[55,2442,817],{"class":77},[55,2444,74],{"class":73},[55,2446,1357],{"class":69},[14,2448,2449,2452,2453,2455],{},[52,2450,2451],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[52,2454,1566],{}," needs a numeric value.",[14,2457,2458,2459,2465,2466,854],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[194,2460,2462],{"href":2461},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[52,2463,2464],{},"int()"," or ",[194,2467,2469],{"href":2468},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[52,2470,2471],{},"float()",[45,2473,2475],{"className":47,"code":2474,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[52,2476,2477,2500],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2478,2479,2481,2483,2485,2487,2489,2491,2493,2495,2497],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2480,117],{"class":116},[55,2482,120],{"class":69},[55,2484,1602],{"class":116},[55,2486,120],{"class":69},[55,2488,1772],{"class":850},[55,2490,120],{"class":69},[55,2492,74],{"class":73},[55,2494,817],{"class":77},[55,2496,74],{"class":73},[55,2498,2499],{"class":69},")))\n",[55,2501,2502,2504,2506,2508,2510,2512,2514,2516,2519,2521],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2503,117],{"class":116},[55,2505,120],{"class":69},[55,2507,1602],{"class":116},[55,2509,120],{"class":69},[55,2511,1776],{"class":850},[55,2513,120],{"class":69},[55,2515,74],{"class":73},[55,2517,2518],{"class":77},"-3.2",[55,2520,74],{"class":73},[55,2522,2499],{"class":69},[14,2524,314],{},[45,2526,2528],{"className":47,"code":2527,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5\n3.2\n",[52,2529,2530,2535],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2531,2532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2533,2534],{"class":130},"5\n",[55,2536,2537],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2538,2539],{"class":130},"3.2\n",[14,2541,2542,2543,2546,2547,198],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[52,2544,2545],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[194,2548,2550],{"href":2549},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[1425,2552,2554],{"id":2553},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[14,2556,2557],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[45,2559,2561],{"className":47,"code":2560,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[52,2562,2563],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2564,2565,2567,2569,2571,2574,2576,2578,2580,2582,2584],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2566,117],{"class":116},[55,2568,120],{"class":69},[55,2570,1602],{"class":116},[55,2572,2573],{"class":69},"([",[55,2575,152],{"class":130},[55,2577,83],{"class":69},[55,2579,976],{"class":130},[55,2581,83],{"class":69},[55,2583,2036],{"class":130},[55,2585,2586],{"class":69},"]))\n",[14,2588,2589,2590,2593],{},"This raises a ",[52,2591,2592],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[1425,2595,2597],{"id":2596},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[14,2599,2600,2602],{},[52,2601,1566],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[45,2604,2606],{"className":47,"code":2605,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[52,2607,2608,2620,2630,2634],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2609,2610,2613,2615,2617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2611,2612],{"class":61},"x ",[55,2614,66],{"class":65},[55,2616,1806],{"class":65},[55,2618,2619],{"class":130},"9\n",[55,2621,2622,2624,2626,2628],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2623,1602],{"class":116},[55,2625,120],{"class":69},[55,2627,1757],{"class":123},[55,2629,103],{"class":69},[55,2631,2632],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2633,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,2635,2636,2638,2640,2642],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,2637,117],{"class":116},[55,2639,120],{"class":69},[55,2641,1757],{"class":123},[55,2643,103],{"class":69},[14,2645,314],{},[45,2647,2649],{"className":47,"code":2648,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"-9\n",[52,2650,2651],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2652,2653,2655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2654,171],{"class":65},[55,2656,2619],{"class":130},[14,2658,2659],{},"If you want to store the result:",[45,2661,2663],{"className":47,"code":2662,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[52,2664,2665,2675,2689,2693],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2666,2667,2669,2671,2673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2668,2612],{"class":61},[55,2670,66],{"class":65},[55,2672,1806],{"class":65},[55,2674,2619],{"class":130},[55,2676,2677,2679,2681,2683,2685,2687],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2678,2612],{"class":61},[55,2680,66],{"class":65},[55,2682,1819],{"class":116},[55,2684,120],{"class":69},[55,2686,1757],{"class":123},[55,2688,103],{"class":69},[55,2690,2691],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2692,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,2694,2695,2697,2699,2701],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,2696,117],{"class":116},[55,2698,120],{"class":69},[55,2700,1757],{"class":123},[55,2702,103],{"class":69},[14,2704,314],{},[45,2706,2707],{"className":47,"code":2619,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,2708,2709],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2710,2711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2712,2619],{"class":130},[1425,2714,2716],{"id":2715},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[14,2718,2719,2721],{},[52,2720,1566],{}," does not round numbers.",[45,2723,2725],{"className":47,"code":2724,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[52,2726,2727],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2728,2729,2731,2733,2735,2737,2739,2742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2730,117],{"class":116},[55,2732,120],{"class":69},[55,2734,1602],{"class":116},[55,2736,120],{"class":69},[55,2738,171],{"class":65},[55,2740,2741],{"class":130},"4.7",[55,2743,1357],{"class":69},[14,2745,314],{},[45,2747,2749],{"className":47,"code":2748,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"4.7\n",[52,2750,2751],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2752,2753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2754,2748],{"class":130},[14,2756,2757,2758,2760,2761,2763],{},"If you expected ",[52,2759,817],{},", that is a different operation. ",[52,2762,1566],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[37,2765,2767],{"id":2766},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[14,2769,2770,2772],{},[52,2771,1566],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[21,2774,2775,2782,2789],{},[24,2776,2777,2779,2780],{},[52,2778,1772],{}," input → returns an ",[52,2781,1772],{},[24,2783,2784,2786,2787],{},[52,2785,1776],{}," input → returns a ",[52,2788,1776],{},[24,2790,2791,2786,2793],{},[52,2792,1780],{},[52,2794,1776],{},[14,2796,233],{},[45,2798,2800],{"className":47,"code":2799,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[52,2801,2802,2822,2843],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2803,2804,2806,2808,2810,2812,2814,2816,2818,2820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2805,117],{"class":116},[55,2807,120],{"class":69},[55,2809,1396],{"class":850},[55,2811,120],{"class":69},[55,2813,1602],{"class":116},[55,2815,120],{"class":69},[55,2817,171],{"class":65},[55,2819,817],{"class":130},[55,2821,2499],{"class":69},[55,2823,2824,2826,2828,2830,2832,2834,2836,2838,2841],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2825,117],{"class":116},[55,2827,120],{"class":69},[55,2829,1396],{"class":850},[55,2831,120],{"class":69},[55,2833,1602],{"class":116},[55,2835,120],{"class":69},[55,2837,171],{"class":65},[55,2839,2840],{"class":130},"3.2",[55,2842,2499],{"class":69},[55,2844,2845,2847,2849,2851,2853,2855,2857,2859,2861,2863,2865],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2846,117],{"class":116},[55,2848,120],{"class":69},[55,2850,1396],{"class":850},[55,2852,120],{"class":69},[55,2854,1602],{"class":116},[55,2856,120],{"class":69},[55,2858,609],{"class":130},[55,2860,2039],{"class":65},[55,2862,2042],{"class":130},[55,2864,1649],{"class":1648},[55,2866,2499],{"class":69},[14,2868,314],{},[45,2870,2872],{"className":47,"code":2871,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[52,2873,2874,2893,2907],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2875,2876,2879,2882,2885,2887,2890],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2877,2878],{"class":65},"\u003C",[55,2880,2881],{"class":1648},"class",[55,2883,2884],{"class":73}," '",[55,2886,1772],{"class":77},[55,2888,2889],{"class":73},"'",[55,2891,2892],{"class":65},">\n",[55,2894,2895,2897,2899,2901,2903,2905],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2896,2878],{"class":65},[55,2898,2881],{"class":1648},[55,2900,2884],{"class":73},[55,2902,1776],{"class":77},[55,2904,2889],{"class":73},[55,2906,2892],{"class":65},[55,2908,2909,2911,2913,2915,2917,2919],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2910,2878],{"class":65},[55,2912,2881],{"class":1648},[55,2914,2884],{"class":73},[55,2916,1776],{"class":77},[55,2918,2889],{"class":73},[55,2920,2892],{"class":65},[14,2922,2923],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[14,2925,2926],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[14,2928,2929],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[45,2931,2933],{"className":47,"code":2932,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[52,2934,2935,2948,2958,2972,2976,2990],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,2936,2937,2939,2941,2943,2946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,2938,2031],{"class":61},[55,2940,66],{"class":65},[55,2942,86],{"class":73},[55,2944,2945],{"class":77},"-5",[55,2947,1288],{"class":73},[55,2949,2950,2952,2954,2956],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,2951,117],{"class":116},[55,2953,120],{"class":69},[55,2955,2058],{"class":123},[55,2957,103],{"class":69},[55,2959,2960,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,2961,117],{"class":116},[55,2963,120],{"class":69},[55,2965,1396],{"class":850},[55,2967,120],{"class":69},[55,2969,2058],{"class":123},[55,2971,1357],{"class":69},[55,2973,2974],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,2975,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,2977,2978,2981,2983,2985,2988],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,2979,2980],{"class":61},"user_input ",[55,2982,66],{"class":65},[55,2984,86],{"class":73},[55,2986,2987],{"class":77},"-3.7",[55,2989,1288],{"class":73},[55,2991,2992,2994,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3007],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,2993,117],{"class":116},[55,2995,120],{"class":69},[55,2997,1602],{"class":116},[55,2999,120],{"class":69},[55,3001,1776],{"class":850},[55,3003,120],{"class":69},[55,3005,3006],{"class":123},"user_input",[55,3008,2499],{"class":69},[14,3010,314],{},[45,3012,3014],{"className":47,"code":3013,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[52,3015,3016,3022,3037],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3017,3018,3020],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3019,171],{"class":65},[55,3021,2534],{"class":130},[55,3023,3024,3026,3028,3030,3033,3035],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3025,2878],{"class":65},[55,3027,2881],{"class":1648},[55,3029,2884],{"class":73},[55,3031,3032],{"class":77},"str",[55,3034,2889],{"class":73},[55,3036,2892],{"class":65},[55,3038,3039],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,3040,3041],{"class":130},"3.7\n",[37,3043,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,3045,3047],{"id":3046},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[14,3049,3050],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[1425,3052,3054],{"id":3053},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[14,3056,3057],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[1425,3059,3061],{"id":3060},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[14,3063,3064],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[1425,3066,3068],{"id":3067},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[14,3070,3071,3073,3074,2465,3076,3078,3079,198],{},[52,3072,2545],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[52,3075,2464],{},[52,3077,2471],{}," before using ",[52,3080,1566],{},[1425,3082,3084],{"id":3083},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[14,3086,3087],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[37,3089,1495],{"id":1494},[21,3091,3092,3099,3105,3111,3116],{},[24,3093,3094],{},[194,3095,3096,3098],{"href":2461},[52,3097,2464],{}," function explained",[24,3100,3101],{},[194,3102,3103,3098],{"href":2468},[52,3104,2471],{},[24,3106,3107],{},[194,3108,3109,3098],{"href":1884},[52,3110,1887],{},[24,3112,3113],{},[194,3114,3115],{"href":2549},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[24,3117,3118],{},[194,3119,2004],{"href":2003},[1524,3121,3122],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":3124},[3125,3126,3127,3128,3129,3130,3136,3142,3143,3150],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":1681,"depth":106,"text":1682},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":1892,"depth":106,"text":1893},{"id":2007,"depth":106,"text":2008},{"id":2114,"depth":106,"text":2115,"children":3131},[3132,3133,3134,3135],{"id":2123,"depth":113,"text":2124},{"id":2224,"depth":113,"text":2225},{"id":2273,"depth":113,"text":2274},{"id":2340,"depth":113,"text":2341},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":3137},[3138,3139,3140,3141],{"id":2419,"depth":113,"text":2420},{"id":2553,"depth":113,"text":2554},{"id":2596,"depth":113,"text":2597},{"id":2715,"depth":113,"text":2716},{"id":2766,"depth":106,"text":2767},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":3144},[3145,3146,3147,3148,3149],{"id":3046,"depth":113,"text":3047},{"id":3053,"depth":113,"text":3054},{"id":3060,"depth":113,"text":3061},{"id":3067,"depth":113,"text":3068},{"id":3083,"depth":113,"text":3084},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1555,"description":3151},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3158,"title":3159,"body":3160,"description":4863,"extension":1546,"meta":4864,"navigation":109,"path":4865,"seo":4866,"stem":4867,"__hash__":4868},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3161,"toc":4827},[3162,3170,3176,3179,3196,3198,3252,3262,3269,3273,3292,3295,3312,3315,3319,3327,3345,3348,3388,3391,3398,3404,3480,3482,3513,3519,3523,3527,3566,3568,3577,3584,3588,3627,3629,3638,3648,3652,3705,3707,3715,3718,3721,3768,3770,3778,3784,3791,3796,3799,3802,3869,3871,3879,3882,3949,3951,3959,3973,3976,3988,3992,3998,4001,4003,4019,4021,4029,4032,4035,4038,4055,4058,4061,4091,4093,4106,4110,4114,4117,4132,4137,4140,4167,4174,4177,4217,4224,4230,4238,4241,4293,4300,4364,4369,4378,4381,4399,4405,4408,4550,4556,4561,4564,4575,4578,4632,4634,4642,4645,4704,4706,4714,4717,4728,4730,4737,4746,4755,4758,4765,4768,4777,4790,4792,4824],[10,3163,3165,3166,3169],{"id":3164},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[52,3167,3168],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[14,3171,3172,3173,3175],{},"Python’s ",[52,3174,3168],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[14,3177,3178],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[21,3180,3181,3184,3187],{},[24,3182,3183],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[24,3185,3186],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[24,3188,3189,1981,3192,3195],{},[52,3190,3191],{},"all([])",[52,3193,3194],{},"True",", which often seems strange at first",[37,3197,40],{"id":39},[45,3199,3201],{"className":47,"code":3200,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[52,3202,3203,3224,3239],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3204,3205,3207,3209,3212,3214,3216,3218,3220,3222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3206,243],{"class":61},[55,3208,66],{"class":65},[55,3210,3211],{"class":69}," [",[55,3213,152],{"class":130},[55,3215,83],{"class":69},[55,3217,976],{"class":130},[55,3219,83],{"class":69},[55,3221,2036],{"class":130},[55,3223,386],{"class":69},[55,3225,3226,3228,3230,3233,3235,3237],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3227,1814],{"class":61},[55,3229,66],{"class":65},[55,3231,3232],{"class":116}," all",[55,3234,120],{"class":69},[55,3236,275],{"class":123},[55,3238,103],{"class":69},[55,3240,3241,3243,3245,3247,3249],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,3242,117],{"class":116},[55,3244,120],{"class":69},[55,3246,1849],{"class":123},[55,3248,970],{"class":69},[55,3250,3251],{"class":137},"  # True\n",[14,3253,3254,1981,3256,3258,3259,198],{},[52,3255,3168],{},[52,3257,3194],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[52,3260,3261],{},"False",[37,3263,3265,3266,3268],{"id":3264},"what-all-does","What ",[52,3267,3168],{}," does",[14,3270,3271,854],{},[52,3272,3168],{},[21,3274,3275,3278,3284,3289],{},[24,3276,3277],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[24,3279,3280,3281,3283],{},"returns ",[52,3282,3194],{}," if all items are truthy",[24,3285,3280,3286,3288],{},[52,3287,3261],{}," if any item is falsy",[24,3290,3291],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[14,3293,3294],{},"Basic syntax:",[45,3296,3298],{"className":47,"code":3297,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"all(iterable)\n",[52,3299,3300],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3301,3302,3305,3307,3310],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3303,3304],{"class":116},"all",[55,3306,120],{"class":69},[55,3308,3309],{"class":123},"iterable",[55,3311,103],{"class":69},[14,3313,3314],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[37,3316,3318],{"id":3317},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[14,3320,3321,3322,2465,3324,3326],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[52,3323,3194],{},[52,3325,3261],{}," in conditions.",[21,3328,3329,3338],{},[24,3330,3331,3335,3336],{},[3332,3333,3334],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[52,3337,3194],{},[24,3339,3340,3335,3343],{},[3332,3341,3342],{},"Falsy",[52,3344,3261],{},[14,3346,3347],{},"Common falsy values include:",[21,3349,3350,3354,3359,3364,3369,3373,3378,3383],{},[24,3351,3352],{},[52,3353,131],{},[24,3355,3356],{},[52,3357,3358],{},"0.0",[24,3360,3361],{},[52,3362,3363],{},"''",[24,3365,3366],{},[52,3367,3368],{},"None",[24,3370,3371],{},[52,3372,3261],{},[24,3374,3375],{},[52,3376,3377],{},"[]",[24,3379,3380],{},[52,3381,3382],{},"{}",[24,3384,3385],{},[52,3386,3387],{},"set()",[14,3389,3390],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[14,3392,3393,3394,198],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[194,3395,3397],{"href":3396},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[14,3399,3400,3401,854],{},"You can test this with ",[52,3402,3403],{},"bool()",[45,3405,3407],{"className":47,"code":3406,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[52,3408,3409,3447,3451],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3410,3411,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422,3425,3427,3430,3432,3434,3437,3439,3441,3445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3412,3413],{"class":61},"values ",[55,3415,66],{"class":65},[55,3417,3211],{"class":69},[55,3419,152],{"class":130},[55,3421,83],{"class":69},[55,3423,3424],{"class":130}," 0",[55,3426,83],{"class":69},[55,3428,3429],{"class":73}," ''",[55,3431,83],{"class":69},[55,3433,2884],{"class":73},[55,3435,3436],{"class":77},"hello",[55,3438,2889],{"class":73},[55,3440,83],{"class":69},[55,3442,3444],{"class":3443},"s39Yj"," None",[55,3446,386],{"class":69},[55,3448,3449],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3450,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,3452,3453,3455,3457,3460,3462,3464,3466,3469,3472,3475,3478],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,3454,117],{"class":116},[55,3456,2573],{"class":69},[55,3458,3459],{"class":850},"bool",[55,3461,120],{"class":69},[55,3463,1757],{"class":123},[55,3465,970],{"class":69},[55,3467,3468],{"class":959}," for",[55,3470,3471],{"class":123}," x ",[55,3473,3474],{"class":959},"in",[55,3476,3477],{"class":123}," values",[55,3479,282],{"class":69},[14,3481,314],{},[45,3483,3485],{"className":47,"code":3484,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[52,3486,3487],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3488,3489,3491,3493,3495,3498,3500,3502,3504,3507,3509,3511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3490,127],{"class":69},[55,3492,3194],{"class":3443},[55,3494,83],{"class":69},[55,3496,3497],{"class":3443}," False",[55,3499,83],{"class":69},[55,3501,3497],{"class":3443},[55,3503,83],{"class":69},[55,3505,3506],{"class":3443}," True",[55,3508,83],{"class":69},[55,3510,3497],{"class":3443},[55,3512,386],{"class":69},[14,3514,3515,3516,3518],{},"This matters because ",[52,3517,3168],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[37,3520,3522],{"id":3521},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[1425,3524,3526],{"id":3525},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[45,3528,3530],{"className":47,"code":3529,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[52,3531,3532,3552],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3533,3534,3536,3538,3540,3542,3544,3546,3548,3550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3535,243],{"class":61},[55,3537,66],{"class":65},[55,3539,3211],{"class":69},[55,3541,152],{"class":130},[55,3543,83],{"class":69},[55,3545,976],{"class":130},[55,3547,83],{"class":69},[55,3549,2036],{"class":130},[55,3551,386],{"class":69},[55,3553,3554,3556,3558,3560,3562,3564],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3555,117],{"class":116},[55,3557,120],{"class":69},[55,3559,3304],{"class":116},[55,3561,120],{"class":69},[55,3563,275],{"class":123},[55,3565,1357],{"class":69},[14,3567,314],{},[45,3569,3571],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\n",[52,3572,3573],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3574,3575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3576,3570],{"class":3443},[14,3578,3579,3580,1981,3582,198],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[52,3581,3168],{},[52,3583,3194],{},[1425,3585,3587],{"id":3586},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[45,3589,3591],{"className":47,"code":3590,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[52,3592,3593,3613],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3594,3595,3597,3599,3601,3603,3605,3607,3609,3611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3596,243],{"class":61},[55,3598,66],{"class":65},[55,3600,3211],{"class":69},[55,3602,152],{"class":130},[55,3604,83],{"class":69},[55,3606,3424],{"class":130},[55,3608,83],{"class":69},[55,3610,2036],{"class":130},[55,3612,386],{"class":69},[55,3614,3615,3617,3619,3621,3623,3625],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3616,117],{"class":116},[55,3618,120],{"class":69},[55,3620,3304],{"class":116},[55,3622,120],{"class":69},[55,3624,275],{"class":123},[55,3626,1357],{"class":69},[14,3628,314],{},[45,3630,3632],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"False\n",[52,3633,3634],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3635,3636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3637,3631],{"class":3443},[14,3639,3640,3641,3643,3644,1981,3646,198],{},"The value ",[52,3642,131],{}," is falsy, so ",[52,3645,3168],{},[52,3647,3261],{},[1425,3649,3651],{"id":3650},"example-strings","Example: strings",[45,3653,3655],{"className":47,"code":3654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[52,3656,3657,3690],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3658,3659,3662,3664,3666,3668,3670,3672,3674,3676,3678,3680,3682,3684,3686,3688],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3660,3661],{"class":61},"words ",[55,3663,66],{"class":65},[55,3665,3211],{"class":69},[55,3667,2889],{"class":73},[55,3669,407],{"class":77},[55,3671,2889],{"class":73},[55,3673,83],{"class":69},[55,3675,2884],{"class":73},[55,3677,416],{"class":77},[55,3679,2889],{"class":73},[55,3681,83],{"class":69},[55,3683,2884],{"class":73},[55,3685,425],{"class":77},[55,3687,2889],{"class":73},[55,3689,386],{"class":69},[55,3691,3692,3694,3696,3698,3700,3703],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3693,117],{"class":116},[55,3695,120],{"class":69},[55,3697,3304],{"class":116},[55,3699,120],{"class":69},[55,3701,3702],{"class":123},"words",[55,3704,1357],{"class":69},[14,3706,314],{},[45,3708,3709],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,3710,3711],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3712,3713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3714,3570],{"class":3443},[14,3716,3717],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[14,3719,3720],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[45,3722,3724],{"className":47,"code":3723,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[52,3725,3726,3754],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3727,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736,3738,3740,3742,3744,3746,3748,3750,3752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3729,3661],{"class":61},[55,3731,66],{"class":65},[55,3733,3211],{"class":69},[55,3735,2889],{"class":73},[55,3737,407],{"class":77},[55,3739,2889],{"class":73},[55,3741,83],{"class":69},[55,3743,3429],{"class":73},[55,3745,83],{"class":69},[55,3747,2884],{"class":73},[55,3749,425],{"class":77},[55,3751,2889],{"class":73},[55,3753,386],{"class":69},[55,3755,3756,3758,3760,3762,3764,3766],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3757,117],{"class":116},[55,3759,120],{"class":69},[55,3761,3304],{"class":116},[55,3763,120],{"class":69},[55,3765,3702],{"class":123},[55,3767,1357],{"class":69},[14,3769,314],{},[45,3771,3772],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,3773,3774],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3775,3776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3777,3631],{"class":3443},[14,3779,3780,3781,3783],{},"The empty string ",[52,3782,3363],{}," is falsy.",[37,3785,3787,3788,3790],{"id":3786},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[52,3789,3168],{}," works with conditions",[14,3792,3793,3795],{},[52,3794,3168],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[14,3797,3798],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[14,3800,3801],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[45,3803,3805],{"className":47,"code":3804,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,3806,3807,3827,3855,3859],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3808,3809,3811,3813,3815,3817,3819,3821,3823,3825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3810,243],{"class":61},[55,3812,66],{"class":65},[55,3814,3211],{"class":69},[55,3816,152],{"class":130},[55,3818,83],{"class":69},[55,3820,976],{"class":130},[55,3822,83],{"class":69},[55,3824,2036],{"class":130},[55,3826,386],{"class":69},[55,3828,3829,3831,3833,3835,3837,3839,3842,3844,3846,3848,3850,3853],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3830,1814],{"class":61},[55,3832,66],{"class":65},[55,3834,3232],{"class":116},[55,3836,120],{"class":69},[55,3838,2612],{"class":123},[55,3840,3841],{"class":65},">",[55,3843,3424],{"class":130},[55,3845,3468],{"class":959},[55,3847,3471],{"class":123},[55,3849,3474],{"class":959},[55,3851,3852],{"class":123}," numbers",[55,3854,103],{"class":69},[55,3856,3857],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,3858,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,3860,3861,3863,3865,3867],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,3862,117],{"class":116},[55,3864,120],{"class":69},[55,3866,1849],{"class":123},[55,3868,103],{"class":69},[14,3870,314],{},[45,3872,3873],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,3874,3875],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3876,3877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3878,3570],{"class":3443},[14,3880,3881],{},"Here is one that fails:",[45,3883,3885],{"className":47,"code":3884,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,3886,3887,3909,3935,3939],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3888,3889,3891,3893,3895,3897,3899,3901,3903,3905,3907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3890,243],{"class":61},[55,3892,66],{"class":65},[55,3894,3211],{"class":69},[55,3896,152],{"class":130},[55,3898,83],{"class":69},[55,3900,1806],{"class":65},[55,3902,309],{"class":130},[55,3904,83],{"class":69},[55,3906,2036],{"class":130},[55,3908,386],{"class":69},[55,3910,3911,3913,3915,3917,3919,3921,3923,3925,3927,3929,3931,3933],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,3912,1814],{"class":61},[55,3914,66],{"class":65},[55,3916,3232],{"class":116},[55,3918,120],{"class":69},[55,3920,2612],{"class":123},[55,3922,3841],{"class":65},[55,3924,3424],{"class":130},[55,3926,3468],{"class":959},[55,3928,3471],{"class":123},[55,3930,3474],{"class":959},[55,3932,3852],{"class":123},[55,3934,103],{"class":69},[55,3936,3937],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,3938,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,3940,3941,3943,3945,3947],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,3942,117],{"class":116},[55,3944,120],{"class":69},[55,3946,1849],{"class":123},[55,3948,103],{"class":69},[14,3950,314],{},[45,3952,3953],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,3954,3955],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,3956,3957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,3958,3631],{"class":3443},[14,3960,3961,3962,3965,3966,3968,3969,1981,3971,198],{},"The expression ",[52,3963,3964],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[52,3967,3194],{},", then ",[52,3970,3168],{},[52,3972,3194],{},[14,3974,3975],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[14,3977,3978,3979,3983,3984,198],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[194,3980,3982],{"href":3981},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python"," and ",[194,3985,3987],{"href":3986},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[37,3989,3991],{"id":3990},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[14,3993,3994,1981,3996,198],{},[52,3995,3191],{},[52,3997,3194],{},[14,3999,4000],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[14,4002,233],{},[45,4004,4006],{"className":47,"code":4005,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(all([]))\n",[52,4007,4008],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4009,4010,4012,4014,4016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4011,117],{"class":116},[55,4013,120],{"class":69},[55,4015,3304],{"class":116},[55,4017,4018],{"class":69},"([]))\n",[14,4020,314],{},[45,4022,4023],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,4024,4025],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4026,4027],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4028,3570],{"class":3443},[14,4030,4031],{},"Why?",[14,4033,4034],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[14,4036,4037],{},"Think of it this way:",[21,4039,4040,4047,4050],{},[24,4041,4042,1981,4044,4046],{},[52,4043,3168],{},[52,4045,3261],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[24,4048,4049],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[24,4051,4052,4053],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[52,4054,3261],{},[14,4056,4057],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[14,4059,4060],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[45,4062,4064],{"className":47,"code":4063,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[52,4065,4066,4077],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4067,4068,4070,4072,4074],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4069,117],{"class":116},[55,4071,120],{"class":69},[55,4073,3304],{"class":116},[55,4075,4076],{"class":69},"(()))\n",[55,4078,4079,4081,4083,4085,4087,4089],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4080,117],{"class":116},[55,4082,120],{"class":69},[55,4084,3304],{"class":116},[55,4086,120],{"class":69},[55,4088,3363],{"class":73},[55,4090,1357],{"class":69},[14,4092,314],{},[45,4094,4096],{"className":47,"code":4095,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nTrue\n",[52,4097,4098,4102],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4099,4100],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4101,3570],{"class":3443},[55,4103,4104],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4105,3570],{"class":3443},[37,4107,4109],{"id":4108},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[1425,4111,4113],{"id":4112},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[14,4115,4116],{},"This is wrong:",[45,4118,4120],{"className":47,"code":4119,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[52,4121,4122,4127],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4123,4124],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4125,4126],{"class":137},"# Wrong\n",[55,4128,4129],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4130,4131],{"class":137},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[14,4133,4134,4136],{},[52,4135,3168],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[14,4138,4139],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[45,4141,4143],{"className":47,"code":4142,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[52,4144,4145],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4146,4147,4149,4151,4153,4155,4157,4159,4161,4163,4165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4148,117],{"class":116},[55,4150,120],{"class":69},[55,4152,3304],{"class":116},[55,4154,2573],{"class":69},[55,4156,152],{"class":130},[55,4158,83],{"class":69},[55,4160,976],{"class":130},[55,4162,83],{"class":69},[55,4164,2036],{"class":130},[55,4166,2586],{"class":69},[1425,4168,4170,4171,4173],{"id":4169},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[52,4172,3168],{}," compares values automatically",[14,4175,4176],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[45,4178,4180],{"className":47,"code":4179,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[52,4181,4182,4203],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4183,4184,4186,4188,4190,4192,4194,4197,4199,4201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4185,243],{"class":61},[55,4187,66],{"class":65},[55,4189,3211],{"class":69},[55,4191,817],{"class":130},[55,4193,83],{"class":69},[55,4195,4196],{"class":130}," 5",[55,4198,83],{"class":69},[55,4200,4196],{"class":130},[55,4202,386],{"class":69},[55,4204,4205,4207,4209,4211,4213,4215],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4206,117],{"class":116},[55,4208,120],{"class":69},[55,4210,3304],{"class":116},[55,4212,120],{"class":69},[55,4214,275],{"class":123},[55,4216,1357],{"class":69},[14,4218,4219,4220,4223],{},"This does ",[3332,4221,4222],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[14,4225,4226,4227,4229],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[52,4228,817],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[45,4231,4232],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,4233,4234],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4235,4236],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4237,3570],{"class":3443},[14,4239,4240],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[45,4242,4244],{"className":47,"code":4243,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[52,4245,4246,4266],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4247,4248,4250,4252,4254,4256,4258,4260,4262,4264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4249,243],{"class":61},[55,4251,66],{"class":65},[55,4253,3211],{"class":69},[55,4255,817],{"class":130},[55,4257,83],{"class":69},[55,4259,4196],{"class":130},[55,4261,83],{"class":69},[55,4263,4196],{"class":130},[55,4265,386],{"class":69},[55,4267,4268,4270,4272,4274,4276,4278,4281,4283,4285,4287,4289,4291],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4269,117],{"class":116},[55,4271,120],{"class":69},[55,4273,3304],{"class":116},[55,4275,120],{"class":69},[55,4277,2612],{"class":123},[55,4279,4280],{"class":65},"==",[55,4282,4196],{"class":130},[55,4284,3468],{"class":959},[55,4286,3471],{"class":123},[55,4288,3474],{"class":959},[55,4290,3852],{"class":123},[55,4292,1357],{"class":69},[1425,4294,4296,4297,4299],{"id":4295},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[52,4298,131],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[45,4301,4303],{"className":47,"code":4302,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[52,4304,4305,4331],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4306,4307,4309,4311,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323,4325,4328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4308,117],{"class":116},[55,4310,120],{"class":69},[55,4312,3304],{"class":116},[55,4314,2573],{"class":69},[55,4316,152],{"class":130},[55,4318,83],{"class":69},[55,4320,976],{"class":130},[55,4322,83],{"class":69},[55,4324,3424],{"class":130},[55,4326,4327],{"class":69},"]))",[55,4329,4330],{"class":137},"       # False\n",[55,4332,4333,4335,4337,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4359,4361],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4334,117],{"class":116},[55,4336,120],{"class":69},[55,4338,3304],{"class":116},[55,4340,2573],{"class":69},[55,4342,2889],{"class":73},[55,4344,194],{"class":77},[55,4346,2889],{"class":73},[55,4348,83],{"class":69},[55,4350,2884],{"class":73},[55,4352,786],{"class":77},[55,4354,2889],{"class":73},[55,4356,83],{"class":69},[55,4358,3429],{"class":73},[55,4360,4327],{"class":69},[55,4362,4363],{"class":137},"  # False\n",[14,4365,4366,4367,198],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[52,4368,3261],{},[1425,4370,4372,4373,4375,4376],{"id":4371},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[52,4374,3191],{}," is ",[52,4377,3194],{},[14,4379,4380],{},"This is expected behavior:",[45,4382,4384],{"className":47,"code":4383,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[52,4385,4386],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4387,4388,4390,4392,4394,4397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4389,117],{"class":116},[55,4391,120],{"class":69},[55,4393,3304],{"class":116},[55,4395,4396],{"class":69},"([]))",[55,4398,3251],{"class":137},[14,4400,4401,4402,4404],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[52,4403,3194],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[14,4406,4407],{},"Useful quick tests:",[45,4409,4411],{"className":47,"code":4410,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[52,4412,4413,4435,4457,4504,4540],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4414,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4416,117],{"class":116},[55,4418,120],{"class":69},[55,4420,3304],{"class":116},[55,4422,2573],{"class":69},[55,4424,152],{"class":130},[55,4426,83],{"class":69},[55,4428,976],{"class":130},[55,4430,83],{"class":69},[55,4432,2036],{"class":130},[55,4434,2586],{"class":69},[55,4436,4437,4439,4441,4443,4445,4447,4449,4451,4453,4455],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4438,117],{"class":116},[55,4440,120],{"class":69},[55,4442,3304],{"class":116},[55,4444,2573],{"class":69},[55,4446,152],{"class":130},[55,4448,83],{"class":69},[55,4450,3424],{"class":130},[55,4452,83],{"class":69},[55,4454,2036],{"class":130},[55,4456,2586],{"class":69},[55,4458,4459,4461,4463,4465,4467,4469,4471,4473,4475,4477,4479,4481,4483,4485,4487,4489,4491,4493,4495,4497,4499,4501],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,4460,117],{"class":116},[55,4462,2573],{"class":69},[55,4464,3459],{"class":850},[55,4466,120],{"class":69},[55,4468,1757],{"class":123},[55,4470,970],{"class":69},[55,4472,3468],{"class":959},[55,4474,3471],{"class":123},[55,4476,3474],{"class":959},[55,4478,3211],{"class":69},[55,4480,152],{"class":130},[55,4482,83],{"class":69},[55,4484,3424],{"class":130},[55,4486,83],{"class":69},[55,4488,3429],{"class":73},[55,4490,83],{"class":69},[55,4492,2884],{"class":73},[55,4494,3436],{"class":77},[55,4496,2889],{"class":73},[55,4498,83],{"class":69},[55,4500,3444],{"class":3443},[55,4502,4503],{"class":69},"]])\n",[55,4505,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532,4534,4536,4538],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,4507,117],{"class":116},[55,4509,120],{"class":69},[55,4511,3304],{"class":116},[55,4513,120],{"class":69},[55,4515,2612],{"class":123},[55,4517,3841],{"class":65},[55,4519,3424],{"class":130},[55,4521,3468],{"class":959},[55,4523,3471],{"class":123},[55,4525,3474],{"class":959},[55,4527,3211],{"class":69},[55,4529,152],{"class":130},[55,4531,83],{"class":69},[55,4533,976],{"class":130},[55,4535,83],{"class":69},[55,4537,2036],{"class":130},[55,4539,2586],{"class":69},[55,4541,4542,4544,4546,4548],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,4543,117],{"class":116},[55,4545,120],{"class":69},[55,4547,3304],{"class":116},[55,4549,4018],{"class":69},[37,4551,4553,4554],{"id":4552},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[52,4555,3168],{},[14,4557,4558,4560],{},[52,4559,3168],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[14,4562,4563],{},"Common use cases:",[21,4565,4566,4569,4572],{},[24,4567,4568],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[24,4570,4571],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[24,4573,4574],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[14,4576,4577],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[45,4579,4581],{"className":47,"code":4580,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[52,4582,4583,4618],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4584,4585,4587,4589,4591,4593,4596,4598,4600,4602,4605,4607,4609,4611,4614,4616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4586,636],{"class":61},[55,4588,66],{"class":65},[55,4590,3211],{"class":69},[55,4592,2889],{"class":73},[55,4594,4595],{"class":77},"Alice",[55,4597,2889],{"class":73},[55,4599,83],{"class":69},[55,4601,2884],{"class":73},[55,4603,4604],{"class":77},"Bob",[55,4606,2889],{"class":73},[55,4608,83],{"class":69},[55,4610,2884],{"class":73},[55,4612,4613],{"class":77},"Charlie",[55,4615,2889],{"class":73},[55,4617,386],{"class":69},[55,4619,4620,4622,4624,4626,4628,4630],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4621,117],{"class":116},[55,4623,120],{"class":69},[55,4625,3304],{"class":116},[55,4627,120],{"class":69},[55,4629,680],{"class":123},[55,4631,1357],{"class":69},[14,4633,314],{},[45,4635,4636],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,4637,4638],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4639,4640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4641,3570],{"class":3443},[14,4643,4644],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[45,4646,4648],{"className":47,"code":4647,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[52,4649,4650,4674],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4651,4652,4655,4657,4659,4662,4664,4667,4669,4672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4653,4654],{"class":61},"scores ",[55,4656,66],{"class":65},[55,4658,3211],{"class":69},[55,4660,4661],{"class":130},"75",[55,4663,83],{"class":69},[55,4665,4666],{"class":130}," 80",[55,4668,83],{"class":69},[55,4670,4671],{"class":130}," 50",[55,4673,386],{"class":69},[55,4675,4676,4678,4680,4682,4684,4687,4690,4692,4694,4697,4699,4702],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4677,117],{"class":116},[55,4679,120],{"class":69},[55,4681,3304],{"class":116},[55,4683,120],{"class":69},[55,4685,4686],{"class":123},"score ",[55,4688,4689],{"class":65},">=",[55,4691,4671],{"class":130},[55,4693,3468],{"class":959},[55,4695,4696],{"class":123}," score ",[55,4698,3474],{"class":959},[55,4700,4701],{"class":123}," scores",[55,4703,1357],{"class":69},[14,4705,314],{},[45,4707,4708],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,4709,4710],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4711,4712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4713,3570],{"class":3443},[14,4715,4716],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[14,4718,4719,4720,3983,4724,198],{},"For related tasks, see ",[194,4721,4723],{"href":4722},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[194,4725,4727],{"href":4726},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[37,4729,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,4731,4733,4734,4736],{"id":4732},"what-does-all-return-in-python","What does ",[52,4735,3168],{}," return in Python?",[14,4738,4739,4740,4742,4743,4745],{},"It returns ",[52,4741,3194],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[52,4744,3261],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[1425,4747,4749,4750,4752,4753,2078],{"id":4748},"why-does-all-return-true","Why does ",[52,4751,3191],{}," return ",[52,4754,3194],{},[14,4756,4757],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[1425,4759,4761,4762,4764],{"id":4760},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly","Can ",[52,4763,3168],{}," take multiple values directly?",[14,4766,4767],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[1425,4769,4771,4772,3983,4774,2078],{"id":4770},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[52,4773,3168],{},[52,4775,4776],{},"any()",[14,4778,4779,4781,4782,4784,4785,198],{},[52,4780,3168],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[52,4783,4776],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[194,4786,3165,4788,3098],{"href":4787},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[52,4789,4776],{},[37,4791,1495],{"id":1494},[21,4793,4794,4800,4804,4809,4814,4819],{},[24,4795,4796],{},[194,4797,3165,4798,3098],{"href":4787},[52,4799,4776],{},[24,4801,4802],{},[194,4803,3397],{"href":3396},[24,4805,4806],{},[194,4807,4808],{"href":4726},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[24,4810,4811],{},[194,4812,4813],{"href":4722},"How to filter a list in Python",[24,4815,4816],{},[194,4817,4818],{"href":3981},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[24,4820,4821],{},[194,4822,4823],{"href":3986},"What is an iterable in Python",[1524,4825,4826],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":4828},[4829,4830,4832,4833,4838,4840,4841,4850,4852,4862],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":3264,"depth":106,"text":4831},"What all() does",{"id":3317,"depth":106,"text":3318},{"id":3521,"depth":106,"text":3522,"children":4834},[4835,4836,4837],{"id":3525,"depth":113,"text":3526},{"id":3586,"depth":113,"text":3587},{"id":3650,"depth":113,"text":3651},{"id":3786,"depth":106,"text":4839},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":3990,"depth":106,"text":3991},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":4842},[4843,4844,4846,4848],{"id":4112,"depth":113,"text":4113},{"id":4169,"depth":113,"text":4845},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4295,"depth":113,"text":4847},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4371,"depth":113,"text":4849},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4552,"depth":106,"text":4851},"When to use all()",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":4853},[4854,4856,4858,4860],{"id":4732,"depth":113,"text":4855},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4748,"depth":113,"text":4857},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4760,"depth":113,"text":4859},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4770,"depth":113,"text":4861},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3159,"description":4863},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4870,"title":4871,"body":4872,"description":6562,"extension":1546,"meta":6563,"navigation":109,"path":4787,"seo":6564,"stem":6565,"__hash__":6566},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4873,"toc":6540},[4874,4877,4885,4888,4905,4913,4956,4965,4969,4974,4977,4994,4997,5008,5020,5024,5027,5042,5047,5050,5062,5065,5150,5153,5174,5180,5182,5190,5204,5206,5240,5242,5245,5306,5308,5325,5328,5355,5357,5365,5377,5381,5384,5423,5425,5433,5435,5451,5459,5462,5505,5507,5515,5520,5524,5532,5535,5562,5565,5568,5642,5644,5652,5659,5683,5694,5697,5776,5778,5786,5793,5797,5802,5817,5819,5827,5830,5836,5839,5885,5887,5904,5908,5913,5924,5927,6041,6044,6103,6109,6111,6116,6120,6122,6141,6147,6150,6169,6173,6182,6209,6211,6219,6227,6231,6237,6260,6262,6270,6277,6281,6283,6334,6337,6388,6391,6393,6397,6404,6408,6415,6419,6427,6431,6434,6456,6458,6508,6510,6537],[10,4875,4871],{"id":4876},"python-any-function-explained",[14,4878,4879,4881,4882,198],{},[52,4880,4776],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3332,4883,4884],{},"at least one item is truthy",[14,4886,4887],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[21,4889,4890,4893,4896,4899,4902],{},[24,4891,4892],{},"lists",[24,4894,4895],{},"tuples",[24,4897,4898],{},"sets",[24,4900,4901],{},"strings",[24,4903,4904],{},"generator expressions",[14,4906,4907,4908,2465,4910,4912],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[52,4909,3194],{},[52,4911,3261],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[45,4914,4916],{"className":47,"code":4915,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[52,4917,4918,4938],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,4919,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934,4936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,4921,3413],{"class":61},[55,4923,66],{"class":65},[55,4925,3211],{"class":69},[55,4927,131],{"class":130},[55,4929,83],{"class":69},[55,4931,3429],{"class":73},[55,4933,83],{"class":69},[55,4935,4196],{"class":130},[55,4937,386],{"class":69},[55,4939,4940,4942,4944,4947,4949,4952,4954],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,4941,117],{"class":116},[55,4943,120],{"class":69},[55,4945,4946],{"class":116},"any",[55,4948,120],{"class":69},[55,4950,4951],{"class":123},"values",[55,4953,947],{"class":69},[55,4955,3251],{"class":137},[14,4957,1440,4958,4961,4962,4964],{},[52,4959,4960],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[52,4963,3194],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[37,4966,4968],{"id":4967},"what-any-does","What any() does",[14,4970,4971,4973],{},[52,4972,4776],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[14,4975,4976],{},"It returns:",[21,4978,4979,4984,4989],{},[24,4980,4981,4983],{},[52,4982,3194],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[24,4985,4986,4988],{},[52,4987,3261],{}," if all items are falsy",[24,4990,4991,4993],{},[52,4992,3261],{}," if the iterable is empty",[14,4995,4996],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[21,4998,4999,5002,5005],{},[24,5000,5001],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[24,5003,5004],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[24,5006,5007],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[14,5009,5010,5011,5014,5015,198],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3332,5012,5013],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[194,5016,5018],{"href":5017},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[52,5019,3168],{},[37,5021,5023],{"id":5022},"syntax","Syntax",[14,5025,5026],{},"The syntax is simple:",[45,5028,5030],{"className":47,"code":5029,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"any(iterable)\n",[52,5031,5032],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5033,5034,5036,5038,5040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5035,4946],{"class":116},[55,5037,120],{"class":69},[55,5039,3309],{"class":123},[55,5041,103],{"class":69},[14,5043,5044,5045,198],{},"The argument must be an ",[3332,5046,3309],{},[14,5048,5049],{},"Common inputs include:",[21,5051,5052,5054,5056,5058,5060],{},[24,5053,4892],{},[24,5055,4895],{},[24,5057,4898],{},[24,5059,4901],{},[24,5061,4904],{},[14,5063,5064],{},"For example:",[45,5066,5068],{"className":47,"code":5067,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[52,5069,5070,5093,5112,5132],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5071,5072,5074,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084,5086,5088,5091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5073,117],{"class":116},[55,5075,120],{"class":69},[55,5077,4946],{"class":116},[55,5079,2573],{"class":69},[55,5081,131],{"class":130},[55,5083,83],{"class":69},[55,5085,3424],{"class":130},[55,5087,83],{"class":69},[55,5089,5090],{"class":130}," 1",[55,5092,2586],{"class":69},[55,5094,5095,5097,5099,5101,5104,5106,5108,5110],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5096,117],{"class":116},[55,5098,120],{"class":69},[55,5100,4946],{"class":116},[55,5102,5103],{"class":69},"((",[55,5105,3261],{"class":3443},[55,5107,83],{"class":69},[55,5109,3497],{"class":3443},[55,5111,2499],{"class":69},[55,5113,5114,5116,5118,5120,5123,5125,5127,5129],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5115,117],{"class":116},[55,5117,120],{"class":69},[55,5119,4946],{"class":116},[55,5121,5122],{"class":69},"({",[55,5124,131],{"class":130},[55,5126,83],{"class":69},[55,5128,976],{"class":130},[55,5130,5131],{"class":69},"}))\n",[55,5133,5134,5136,5138,5140,5142,5144,5146,5148],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,5135,117],{"class":116},[55,5137,120],{"class":69},[55,5139,4946],{"class":116},[55,5141,120],{"class":69},[55,5143,74],{"class":73},[55,5145,3436],{"class":77},[55,5147,74],{"class":73},[55,5149,1357],{"class":69},[14,5151,5152],{},"Expected output:",[45,5154,5156],{"className":47,"code":5155,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[52,5157,5158,5162,5166,5170],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5159,5160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5161,3570],{"class":3443},[55,5163,5164],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5165,3631],{"class":3443},[55,5167,5168],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5169,3570],{"class":3443},[55,5171,5172],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,5173,3570],{"class":3443},[14,5175,5176,5177,198],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[194,5178,4727],{"href":5179},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[37,5181,3318],{"id":3317},[14,5183,3321,5184,2465,5187,3326],{},[3332,5185,5186],{},"truthy",[3332,5188,5189],{},"falsy",[21,5191,5192,5198],{},[24,5193,5194,3335,5196],{},[3332,5195,3334],{},[52,5197,3194],{},[24,5199,5200,3335,5202],{},[3332,5201,3342],{},[52,5203,3261],{},[14,5205,3347],{},[21,5207,5208,5212,5216,5220,5224,5228,5232,5236],{},[24,5209,5210],{},[52,5211,3261],{},[24,5213,5214],{},[52,5215,131],{},[24,5217,5218],{},[52,5219,3358],{},[24,5221,5222],{},[52,5223,3363],{},[24,5225,5226],{},[52,5227,3377],{},[24,5229,5230],{},[52,5231,3382],{},[24,5233,5234],{},[52,5235,3387],{},[24,5237,5238],{},[52,5239,3368],{},[14,5241,3390],{},[14,5243,5244],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[45,5246,5248],{"className":47,"code":5247,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[52,5249,5250,5264,5282],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5251,5252,5254,5256,5258,5260,5262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5253,117],{"class":116},[55,5255,120],{"class":69},[55,5257,4946],{"class":116},[55,5259,2573],{"class":69},[55,5261,152],{"class":130},[55,5263,2586],{"class":69},[55,5265,5266,5268,5270,5272,5274,5276,5278,5280],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5267,117],{"class":116},[55,5269,120],{"class":69},[55,5271,4946],{"class":116},[55,5273,2573],{"class":69},[55,5275,2889],{"class":73},[55,5277,3436],{"class":77},[55,5279,2889],{"class":73},[55,5281,2586],{"class":69},[55,5283,5284,5286,5288,5290,5293,5295,5297,5299,5301,5303],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5285,117],{"class":116},[55,5287,120],{"class":69},[55,5289,4946],{"class":116},[55,5291,5292],{"class":69},"([[",[55,5294,152],{"class":130},[55,5296,83],{"class":69},[55,5298,976],{"class":130},[55,5300,83],{"class":69},[55,5302,2036],{"class":130},[55,5304,5305],{"class":69},"]]))\n",[14,5307,5152],{},[45,5309,5311],{"className":47,"code":5310,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[52,5312,5313,5317,5321],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5314,5315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5316,3570],{"class":3443},[55,5318,5319],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5320,3570],{"class":3443},[55,5322,5323],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5324,3570],{"class":3443},[14,5326,5327],{},"And these are all falsy:",[45,5329,5331],{"className":47,"code":5330,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[52,5332,5333],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5334,5335,5337,5339,5341,5343,5345,5347,5349,5351,5353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5336,117],{"class":116},[55,5338,120],{"class":69},[55,5340,4946],{"class":116},[55,5342,2573],{"class":69},[55,5344,131],{"class":130},[55,5346,83],{"class":69},[55,5348,3429],{"class":73},[55,5350,83],{"class":69},[55,5352,3444],{"class":3443},[55,5354,2586],{"class":69},[14,5356,5152],{},[45,5358,5359],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,5360,5361],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5362,5363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5364,3631],{"class":3443},[14,5366,5367,5368,3983,5371,198],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[194,5369,3397],{"href":5370},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[194,5372,5374,5376],{"href":5373},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[52,5375,3403],{}," explained",[37,5378,5380],{"id":5379},"basic-example","Basic example",[14,5382,5383],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[45,5385,5387],{"className":47,"code":5386,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[52,5388,5389,5409],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5390,5391,5393,5395,5397,5399,5401,5403,5405,5407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5392,3413],{"class":61},[55,5394,66],{"class":65},[55,5396,3211],{"class":69},[55,5398,131],{"class":130},[55,5400,83],{"class":69},[55,5402,3429],{"class":73},[55,5404,83],{"class":69},[55,5406,4196],{"class":130},[55,5408,386],{"class":69},[55,5410,5411,5413,5415,5417,5419,5421],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5412,117],{"class":116},[55,5414,120],{"class":69},[55,5416,4946],{"class":116},[55,5418,120],{"class":69},[55,5420,4951],{"class":123},[55,5422,1357],{"class":69},[14,5424,314],{},[45,5426,5427],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,5428,5429],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5430,5431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5432,3570],{"class":3443},[14,5434,4031],{},[21,5436,5437,5442,5446],{},[24,5438,5439,5441],{},[52,5440,131],{}," is falsy",[24,5443,5444,5441],{},[52,5445,3363],{},[24,5447,5448,5450],{},[52,5449,817],{}," is truthy",[14,5452,5453,5454,1981,5457,198],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[52,5455,5456],{},"any(values)",[52,5458,3194],{},[14,5460,5461],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[45,5463,5465],{"className":47,"code":5464,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[52,5466,5467,5491],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5468,5469,5471,5473,5475,5477,5479,5481,5483,5485,5487,5489],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5470,3413],{"class":61},[55,5472,66],{"class":65},[55,5474,3211],{"class":69},[55,5476,131],{"class":130},[55,5478,83],{"class":69},[55,5480,3429],{"class":73},[55,5482,83],{"class":69},[55,5484,3444],{"class":3443},[55,5486,83],{"class":69},[55,5488,3497],{"class":3443},[55,5490,386],{"class":69},[55,5492,5493,5495,5497,5499,5501,5503],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5494,117],{"class":116},[55,5496,120],{"class":69},[55,5498,4946],{"class":116},[55,5500,120],{"class":69},[55,5502,4951],{"class":123},[55,5504,1357],{"class":69},[14,5506,314],{},[45,5508,5509],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,5510,5511],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5512,5513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5514,3631],{"class":3443},[14,5516,5517,5518,198],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[52,5519,3261],{},[37,5521,5523],{"id":5522},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[14,5525,5526,5528,5529,198],{},[52,5527,4776],{}," is often used with a ",[3332,5530,5531],{},"generator expression",[14,5533,5534],{},"This is a common pattern:",[45,5536,5538],{"className":47,"code":5537,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[52,5539,5540],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5541,5542,5544,5546,5549,5552,5555,5557,5560],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5543,4946],{"class":116},[55,5545,120],{"class":69},[55,5547,5548],{"class":123},"condition ",[55,5550,5551],{"class":959},"for",[55,5553,5554],{"class":123}," item ",[55,5556,3474],{"class":959},[55,5558,5559],{"class":123}," items",[55,5561,103],{"class":69},[14,5563,5564],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[14,5566,5567],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[45,5569,5571],{"className":47,"code":5570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[52,5572,5573,5601,5605,5632],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5574,5575,5577,5579,5581,5583,5585,5588,5590,5592,5594,5596,5599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5576,243],{"class":61},[55,5578,66],{"class":65},[55,5580,3211],{"class":69},[55,5582,2091],{"class":130},[55,5584,83],{"class":69},[55,5586,5587],{"class":130}," 7",[55,5589,83],{"class":69},[55,5591,1806],{"class":65},[55,5593,309],{"class":130},[55,5595,83],{"class":69},[55,5597,5598],{"class":130}," 10",[55,5600,386],{"class":69},[55,5602,5603],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5604,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,5606,5607,5609,5611,5614,5616,5618,5620,5622,5624,5626,5628,5630],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5608,1814],{"class":61},[55,5610,66],{"class":65},[55,5612,5613],{"class":116}," any",[55,5615,120],{"class":69},[55,5617,2612],{"class":123},[55,5619,2878],{"class":65},[55,5621,3424],{"class":130},[55,5623,3468],{"class":959},[55,5625,3471],{"class":123},[55,5627,3474],{"class":959},[55,5629,3852],{"class":123},[55,5631,103],{"class":69},[55,5633,5634,5636,5638,5640],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,5635,117],{"class":116},[55,5637,120],{"class":69},[55,5639,1849],{"class":123},[55,5641,103],{"class":69},[14,5643,314],{},[45,5645,5646],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,5647,5648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5649,5650],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5651,3570],{"class":3443},[14,5653,5654,5655,5658],{},"This works because ",[52,5656,5657],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[21,5660,5661,5669,5676],{},[24,5662,5663,5666,5667],{},[52,5664,5665],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[52,5668,3261],{},[24,5670,5671,5666,5674],{},[52,5672,5673],{},"7 \u003C 0",[52,5675,3261],{},[24,5677,5678,5666,5681],{},[52,5679,5680],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[52,5682,3194],{},[14,5684,5685,5686,5688,5689,5691,5692,198],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[52,5687,3194],{}," result, ",[52,5690,4776],{}," can return ",[52,5693,3194],{},[14,5695,5696],{},"Here is another example:",[45,5698,5700],{"className":47,"code":5699,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[52,5701,5702,5731,5735,5765],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5703,5704,5706,5708,5710,5712,5714,5716,5718,5721,5723,5725,5727,5729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5705,3661],{"class":61},[55,5707,66],{"class":65},[55,5709,3211],{"class":69},[55,5711,74],{"class":73},[55,5713,407],{"class":77},[55,5715,74],{"class":73},[55,5717,83],{"class":69},[55,5719,5720],{"class":73}," \"\"",[55,5722,83],{"class":69},[55,5724,86],{"class":73},[55,5726,416],{"class":77},[55,5728,74],{"class":73},[55,5730,386],{"class":69},[55,5732,5733],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5734,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,5736,5737,5740,5742,5744,5746,5749,5751,5753,5755,5758,5760,5763],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5738,5739],{"class":61},"has_empty_string ",[55,5741,66],{"class":65},[55,5743,5613],{"class":116},[55,5745,120],{"class":69},[55,5747,5748],{"class":123},"word ",[55,5750,4280],{"class":65},[55,5752,5720],{"class":73},[55,5754,3468],{"class":959},[55,5756,5757],{"class":123}," word ",[55,5759,3474],{"class":959},[55,5761,5762],{"class":123}," words",[55,5764,103],{"class":69},[55,5766,5767,5769,5771,5774],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,5768,117],{"class":116},[55,5770,120],{"class":69},[55,5772,5773],{"class":123},"has_empty_string",[55,5775,103],{"class":69},[14,5777,314],{},[45,5779,5780],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,5781,5782],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5783,5784],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5785,3570],{"class":3443},[14,5787,5788,5789,198],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[194,5790,5792],{"href":5791},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[37,5794,5796],{"id":5795},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[14,5798,5799,5800,854],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[52,5801,3261],{},[45,5803,5805],{"className":47,"code":5804,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any([]))\n",[52,5806,5807],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5808,5809,5811,5813,5815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5810,117],{"class":116},[55,5812,120],{"class":69},[55,5814,4946],{"class":116},[55,5816,4018],{"class":69},[14,5818,314],{},[45,5820,5821],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,5822,5823],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5824,5825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5826,3631],{"class":3443},[14,5828,5829],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[14,5831,5832,5833,5835],{},"The reason is simple: ",[52,5834,4776],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[14,5837,5838],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[45,5840,5842],{"className":47,"code":5841,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[52,5843,5844,5854,5869],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5845,5846,5848,5850,5852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5847,117],{"class":116},[55,5849,120],{"class":69},[55,5851,4946],{"class":116},[55,5853,4076],{"class":69},[55,5855,5856,5858,5860,5862,5864,5867],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5857,117],{"class":116},[55,5859,120],{"class":69},[55,5861,4946],{"class":116},[55,5863,120],{"class":69},[55,5865,5866],{"class":73},"\"\"",[55,5868,1357],{"class":69},[55,5870,5871,5873,5875,5877,5879,5882],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5872,117],{"class":116},[55,5874,120],{"class":69},[55,5876,4946],{"class":116},[55,5878,120],{"class":69},[55,5880,5881],{"class":850},"set",[55,5883,5884],{"class":69},"()))\n",[14,5886,314],{},[45,5888,5890],{"className":47,"code":5889,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[52,5891,5892,5896,5900],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5893,5894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5895,3631],{"class":3443},[55,5897,5898],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5899,3631],{"class":3443},[55,5901,5902],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5903,3631],{"class":3443},[37,5905,5907],{"id":5906},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[14,5909,1440,5910,5912],{},[52,5911,4776],{}," when you want to:",[21,5914,5915,5918,5921],{},[24,5916,5917],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[24,5919,5920],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[24,5922,5923],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[14,5925,5926],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[45,5928,5930],{"className":47,"code":5929,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[52,5931,5932,5957,5961,5971,5975,5988,6007,6018,6024,6029],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,5933,5934,5936,5938,5940,5942,5944,5946,5948,5950,5952,5955],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,5935,243],{"class":61},[55,5937,66],{"class":65},[55,5939,3211],{"class":69},[55,5941,152],{"class":130},[55,5943,83],{"class":69},[55,5945,2036],{"class":130},[55,5947,83],{"class":69},[55,5949,4196],{"class":130},[55,5951,83],{"class":69},[55,5953,5954],{"class":130}," 8",[55,5956,386],{"class":69},[55,5958,5959],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,5960,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,5962,5963,5966,5968],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,5964,5965],{"class":61},"found_even ",[55,5967,66],{"class":65},[55,5969,5970],{"class":3443}," False\n",[55,5972,5973],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,5974,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,5976,5977,5979,5982,5984,5986],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,5978,5551],{"class":959},[55,5980,5981],{"class":61}," number ",[55,5983,3474],{"class":959},[55,5985,3852],{"class":61},[55,5987,979],{"class":69},[55,5989,5990,5993,5995,5998,6000,6003,6005],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,5991,5992],{"class":959},"    if",[55,5994,5981],{"class":61},[55,5996,5997],{"class":65},"%",[55,5999,976],{"class":130},[55,6001,6002],{"class":65}," ==",[55,6004,3424],{"class":130},[55,6006,979],{"class":69},[55,6008,6010,6013,6015],{"class":57,"line":6009},7,[55,6011,6012],{"class":61},"        found_even ",[55,6014,66],{"class":65},[55,6016,6017],{"class":3443}," True\n",[55,6019,6021],{"class":57,"line":6020},8,[55,6022,6023],{"class":959},"        break\n",[55,6025,6027],{"class":57,"line":6026},9,[55,6028,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,6030,6032,6034,6036,6039],{"class":57,"line":6031},10,[55,6033,117],{"class":116},[55,6035,120],{"class":69},[55,6037,6038],{"class":123},"found_even",[55,6040,103],{"class":69},[14,6042,6043],{},"You can write:",[45,6045,6047],{"className":47,"code":6046,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[52,6048,6049,6073],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6050,6051,6053,6055,6057,6059,6061,6063,6065,6067,6069,6071],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6052,243],{"class":61},[55,6054,66],{"class":65},[55,6056,3211],{"class":69},[55,6058,152],{"class":130},[55,6060,83],{"class":69},[55,6062,2036],{"class":130},[55,6064,83],{"class":69},[55,6066,4196],{"class":130},[55,6068,83],{"class":69},[55,6070,5954],{"class":130},[55,6072,386],{"class":69},[55,6074,6075,6077,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091,6093,6095,6097,6099,6101],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6076,117],{"class":116},[55,6078,120],{"class":69},[55,6080,4946],{"class":116},[55,6082,120],{"class":69},[55,6084,1801],{"class":123},[55,6086,5997],{"class":65},[55,6088,976],{"class":130},[55,6090,6002],{"class":65},[55,6092,3424],{"class":130},[55,6094,3468],{"class":959},[55,6096,5981],{"class":123},[55,6098,3474],{"class":959},[55,6100,3852],{"class":123},[55,6102,1357],{"class":69},[14,6104,6105,6106,6108],{},"Both work, but ",[52,6107,4776],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[37,6110,4109],{"id":4108},[14,6112,6113,6114,198],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[52,6115,4776],{},[1425,6117,6119],{"id":6118},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[14,6121,4116],{},[45,6123,6125],{"className":47,"code":6124,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any(5))\n",[52,6126,6127],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6128,6129,6131,6133,6135,6137,6139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6130,117],{"class":116},[55,6132,120],{"class":69},[55,6134,4946],{"class":116},[55,6136,120],{"class":69},[55,6138,817],{"class":130},[55,6140,1357],{"class":69},[14,6142,6143,6144,6146],{},"It causes an error because ",[52,6145,817],{}," is not iterable.",[14,6148,6149],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[45,6151,6153],{"className":47,"code":6152,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any([5]))\n",[52,6154,6155],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6156,6157,6159,6161,6163,6165,6167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6158,117],{"class":116},[55,6160,120],{"class":69},[55,6162,4946],{"class":116},[55,6164,2573],{"class":69},[55,6166,817],{"class":130},[55,6168,2586],{"class":69},[1425,6170,6172],{"id":6171},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[14,6174,6175,6177,6178,6181],{},[52,6176,4776],{}," needs only ",[3332,6179,6180],{},"one"," truthy item.",[45,6183,6185],{"className":47,"code":6184,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[52,6186,6187],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6188,6189,6191,6193,6195,6197,6199,6201,6203,6205,6207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6190,117],{"class":116},[55,6192,120],{"class":69},[55,6194,4946],{"class":116},[55,6196,2573],{"class":69},[55,6198,3261],{"class":3443},[55,6200,83],{"class":69},[55,6202,3497],{"class":3443},[55,6204,83],{"class":69},[55,6206,3506],{"class":3443},[55,6208,2586],{"class":69},[14,6210,314],{},[45,6212,6213],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,6214,6215],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6216,6217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6218,3570],{"class":3443},[14,6220,6221,6222,6226],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[194,6223,6224],{"href":5017},[52,6225,3168],{}," instead.",[1425,6228,6230],{"id":6229},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[14,6232,6233,6234,198],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[52,6235,6236],{},"\"True\"",[45,6238,6240],{"className":47,"code":6239,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[52,6241,6242],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6243,6244,6246,6248,6250,6252,6254,6256,6258],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6245,117],{"class":116},[55,6247,120],{"class":69},[55,6249,4946],{"class":116},[55,6251,2573],{"class":69},[55,6253,74],{"class":73},[55,6255,3261],{"class":77},[55,6257,74],{"class":73},[55,6259,2586],{"class":69},[14,6261,314],{},[45,6263,6264],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,6265,6266],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6267,6268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6269,3570],{"class":3443},[14,6271,6272,6273,6276],{},"That is because ",[52,6274,6275],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[1425,6278,6280],{"id":6279},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[14,6282,1175],{},[45,6284,6286],{"className":47,"code":6285,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[52,6287,6288,6308],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6289,6290,6292,6294,6296,6298,6300,6302,6304,6306],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6291,243],{"class":61},[55,6293,66],{"class":65},[55,6295,3211],{"class":69},[55,6297,152],{"class":130},[55,6299,83],{"class":69},[55,6301,976],{"class":130},[55,6303,83],{"class":69},[55,6305,2036],{"class":130},[55,6307,386],{"class":69},[55,6309,6310,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328,6330,6332],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6311,117],{"class":116},[55,6313,120],{"class":69},[55,6315,4946],{"class":116},[55,6317,2573],{"class":69},[55,6319,2612],{"class":123},[55,6321,3841],{"class":65},[55,6323,976],{"class":130},[55,6325,3468],{"class":959},[55,6327,3471],{"class":123},[55,6329,3474],{"class":959},[55,6331,3852],{"class":123},[55,6333,2586],{"class":69},[14,6335,6336],{},"But this is usually better:",[45,6338,6340],{"className":47,"code":6339,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[52,6341,6342,6362],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6343,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358,6360],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6345,243],{"class":61},[55,6347,66],{"class":65},[55,6349,3211],{"class":69},[55,6351,152],{"class":130},[55,6353,83],{"class":69},[55,6355,976],{"class":130},[55,6357,83],{"class":69},[55,6359,2036],{"class":130},[55,6361,386],{"class":69},[55,6363,6364,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382,6384,6386],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6365,117],{"class":116},[55,6367,120],{"class":69},[55,6369,4946],{"class":116},[55,6371,120],{"class":69},[55,6373,2612],{"class":123},[55,6375,3841],{"class":65},[55,6377,976],{"class":130},[55,6379,3468],{"class":959},[55,6381,3471],{"class":123},[55,6383,3474],{"class":959},[55,6385,3852],{"class":123},[55,6387,1357],{"class":69},[14,6389,6390],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[37,6392,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,6394,6396],{"id":6395},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[14,6398,4739,6399,6401,6402,198],{},[52,6400,3194],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[52,6403,3261],{},[1425,6405,6407],{"id":6406},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[14,6409,6410,1981,6412,6414],{},[52,6411,4776],{},[52,6413,3261],{}," for an empty iterable.",[1425,6416,6418],{"id":6417},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[14,6420,6421,6423,6424,6426],{},[52,6422,4776],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[52,6425,3168],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[1425,6428,6430],{"id":6429},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[14,6432,6433],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[45,6435,6436],{"className":47,"code":5537,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,6437,6438],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6439,6440,6442,6444,6446,6448,6450,6452,6454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6441,4946],{"class":116},[55,6443,120],{"class":69},[55,6445,5548],{"class":123},[55,6447,5551],{"class":959},[55,6449,5554],{"class":123},[55,6451,3474],{"class":959},[55,6453,5559],{"class":123},[55,6455,103],{"class":69},[14,6457,5064],{},[45,6459,6460],{"className":47,"code":6339,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,6461,6462,6482],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6463,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476,6478,6480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6465,243],{"class":61},[55,6467,66],{"class":65},[55,6469,3211],{"class":69},[55,6471,152],{"class":130},[55,6473,83],{"class":69},[55,6475,976],{"class":130},[55,6477,83],{"class":69},[55,6479,2036],{"class":130},[55,6481,386],{"class":69},[55,6483,6484,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502,6504,6506],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6485,117],{"class":116},[55,6487,120],{"class":69},[55,6489,4946],{"class":116},[55,6491,120],{"class":69},[55,6493,2612],{"class":123},[55,6495,3841],{"class":65},[55,6497,976],{"class":130},[55,6499,3468],{"class":959},[55,6501,3471],{"class":123},[55,6503,3474],{"class":959},[55,6505,3852],{"class":123},[55,6507,1357],{"class":69},[37,6509,1495],{"id":1494},[21,6511,6512,6518,6522,6526,6531],{},[24,6513,6514],{},[194,6515,6516,3098],{"href":5017},[52,6517,3168],{},[24,6519,6520],{},[194,6521,3397],{"href":5370},[24,6523,6524],{},[194,6525,4808],{"href":5179},[24,6527,6528],{},[194,6529,6530],{"href":5791},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[24,6532,6533],{},[194,6534,6535,3098],{"href":5373},[52,6536,3403],{},[1524,6538,6539],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":6541},[6542,6543,6544,6545,6546,6547,6548,6549,6555,6561],{"id":4967,"depth":106,"text":4968},{"id":5022,"depth":106,"text":5023},{"id":3317,"depth":106,"text":3318},{"id":5379,"depth":106,"text":5380},{"id":5522,"depth":106,"text":5523},{"id":5795,"depth":106,"text":5796},{"id":5906,"depth":106,"text":5907},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":6550},[6551,6552,6553,6554],{"id":6118,"depth":113,"text":6119},{"id":6171,"depth":113,"text":6172},{"id":6229,"depth":113,"text":6230},{"id":6279,"depth":113,"text":6280},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":6556},[6557,6558,6559,6560],{"id":6395,"depth":113,"text":6396},{"id":6406,"depth":113,"text":6407},{"id":6417,"depth":113,"text":6418},{"id":6429,"depth":113,"text":6430},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4871,"description":6562},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6568,"title":6569,"body":6570,"description":8701,"extension":1546,"meta":8702,"navigation":109,"path":8703,"seo":8704,"stem":8705,"__hash__":8706},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6571,"toc":8664},[6572,6575,6584,6593,6595,6692,6694,6723,6739,6743,6748,6751,6761,6767,6773,6789,6791,6799,6806,6810,6813,6828,6833,6851,6856,6858,6906,6908,6925,6929,6935,6938,6973,6975,7081,7083,7120,7124,7132,7134,7154,7156,7277,7279,7308,7311,7334,7336,7344,7352,7356,7362,7366,7407,7409,7417,7420,7448,7450,7458,7462,7491,7493,7501,7533,7535,7543,7547,7598,7600,7608,7616,7620,7623,7675,7677,7698,7705,7709,7715,7718,7726,7748,7750,7758,7766,7789,7791,7799,7804,7809,7821,7823,7864,7875,7879,7888,7891,7894,7952,7955,8007,8010,8016,8032,8038,8040,8045,8054,8057,8079,8081,8089,8094,8097,8132,8134,8142,8146,8151,8189,8201,8204,8259,8267,8271,8274,8296,8305,8308,8349,8351,8374,8380,8386,8401,8403,8423,8426,8445,8447,8466,8470,8476,8555,8558,8572,8579,8581,8585,8592,8596,8600,8604,8609,8613,8618,8622,8629,8631,8661],[10,6573,6569],{"id":6574},"python-bool-function-explained",[14,6576,1563,6577,6579,6580,2465,6582,198],{},[52,6578,3403],{}," function converts a value to either ",[52,6581,3194],{},[52,6583,3261],{},[14,6585,6586,6587,6589,6590,6592],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[52,6588,3403],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[52,6591,960],{}," statements and other conditions.",[37,6594,40],{"id":39},[45,6596,6598],{"className":47,"code":6597,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[52,6599,6600,6614,6628,6642,6660,6670],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6601,6602,6604,6606,6608,6610,6612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6603,117],{"class":116},[55,6605,120],{"class":69},[55,6607,3459],{"class":850},[55,6609,120],{"class":69},[55,6611,131],{"class":130},[55,6613,1357],{"class":69},[55,6615,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6617,117],{"class":116},[55,6619,120],{"class":69},[55,6621,3459],{"class":850},[55,6623,120],{"class":69},[55,6625,152],{"class":130},[55,6627,1357],{"class":69},[55,6629,6630,6632,6634,6636,6638,6640],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,6631,117],{"class":116},[55,6633,120],{"class":69},[55,6635,3459],{"class":850},[55,6637,120],{"class":69},[55,6639,5866],{"class":73},[55,6641,1357],{"class":69},[55,6643,6644,6646,6648,6650,6652,6654,6656,6658],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,6645,117],{"class":116},[55,6647,120],{"class":69},[55,6649,3459],{"class":850},[55,6651,120],{"class":69},[55,6653,74],{"class":73},[55,6655,3436],{"class":77},[55,6657,74],{"class":73},[55,6659,1357],{"class":69},[55,6661,6662,6664,6666,6668],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,6663,117],{"class":116},[55,6665,120],{"class":69},[55,6667,3459],{"class":850},[55,6669,4018],{"class":69},[55,6671,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680,6682,6684,6686,6688,6690],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,6673,117],{"class":116},[55,6675,120],{"class":69},[55,6677,3459],{"class":850},[55,6679,2573],{"class":69},[55,6681,152],{"class":130},[55,6683,83],{"class":69},[55,6685,976],{"class":130},[55,6687,83],{"class":69},[55,6689,2036],{"class":130},[55,6691,2586],{"class":69},[14,6693,5152],{},[45,6695,6697],{"className":47,"code":6696,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[52,6698,6699,6703,6707,6711,6715,6719],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6700,6701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6702,3631],{"class":3443},[55,6704,6705],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6706,3570],{"class":3443},[55,6708,6709],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,6710,3631],{"class":3443},[55,6712,6713],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,6714,3570],{"class":3443},[55,6716,6717],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,6718,3631],{"class":3443},[55,6720,6721],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,6722,3570],{"class":3443},[14,6724,1440,6725,6728,6729,2465,6731,6733,6734,6736,6737,198],{},[52,6726,6727],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[52,6730,3194],{},[52,6732,3261],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[52,6735,3261],{},". Most other values become ",[52,6738,3194],{},[37,6740,6742],{"id":6741},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[14,6744,6745,6747],{},[52,6746,3403],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[14,6749,6750],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[21,6752,6753,6757],{},[24,6754,6755],{},[52,6756,3194],{},[24,6758,6759],{},[52,6760,3261],{},[14,6762,6763,6764,6766],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[52,6765,960],{}," statements.",[14,6768,6769,6770,6772],{},"You can also call ",[52,6771,3403],{}," with no argument:",[45,6774,6776],{"className":47,"code":6775,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool())\n",[52,6777,6778],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6779,6780,6782,6784,6786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6781,117],{"class":116},[55,6783,120],{"class":69},[55,6785,3459],{"class":850},[55,6787,6788],{"class":69},"())\n",[14,6790,314],{},[45,6792,6793],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,6794,6795],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6796,6797],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6798,3631],{"class":3443},[14,6800,6801,6802,198],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[194,6803,6805],{"href":6804},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[37,6807,6809],{"id":6808},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[14,6811,6812],{},"The basic syntax is:",[45,6814,6816],{"className":47,"code":6815,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"bool(value)\n",[52,6817,6818],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6819,6820,6822,6824,6826],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6821,3459],{"class":850},[55,6823,120],{"class":69},[55,6825,2058],{"class":123},[55,6827,103],{"class":69},[14,6829,1563,6830,6832],{},[52,6831,2058],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[21,6834,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6846,6848],{},[24,6836,275],{},[24,6838,4901],{},[24,6840,4892],{},[24,6842,4895],{},[24,6844,6845],{},"dictionaries",[24,6847,4898],{},[24,6849,6850],{},"other objects",[14,6852,6853,6854,198],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[52,6855,3261],{},[14,6857,233],{},[45,6859,6861],{"className":47,"code":6860,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[52,6862,6863,6877,6896],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6864,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873,6875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6866,117],{"class":116},[55,6868,120],{"class":69},[55,6870,3459],{"class":850},[55,6872,120],{"class":69},[55,6874,250],{"class":130},[55,6876,1357],{"class":69},[55,6878,6879,6881,6883,6885,6887,6889,6892,6894],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6880,117],{"class":116},[55,6882,120],{"class":69},[55,6884,3459],{"class":850},[55,6886,120],{"class":69},[55,6888,74],{"class":73},[55,6890,6891],{"class":77},"Python",[55,6893,74],{"class":73},[55,6895,1357],{"class":69},[55,6897,6898,6900,6902,6904],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,6899,117],{"class":116},[55,6901,120],{"class":69},[55,6903,3459],{"class":850},[55,6905,6788],{"class":69},[14,6907,314],{},[45,6909,6911],{"className":47,"code":6910,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[52,6912,6913,6917,6921],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6914,6915],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6916,3570],{"class":3443},[55,6918,6919],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6920,3570],{"class":3443},[55,6922,6923],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,6924,3631],{"class":3443},[37,6926,6928],{"id":6927},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[14,6930,6931,6932,6934],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3332,6933,5189],{}," values.",[14,6936,6937],{},"Common examples:",[21,6939,6940,6944,6948,6952,6956,6961,6965,6969],{},[24,6941,6942],{},[52,6943,131],{},[24,6945,6946],{},[52,6947,3358],{},[24,6949,6950],{},[52,6951,5866],{},[24,6953,6954],{},[52,6955,3377],{},[24,6957,6958],{},[52,6959,6960],{},"()",[24,6962,6963],{},[52,6964,3382],{},[24,6966,6967],{},[52,6968,3387],{},[24,6970,6971],{},[52,6972,3368],{},[14,6974,233],{},[45,6976,6978],{"className":47,"code":6977,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[52,6979,6980,6994,7008,7022,7032,7042,7053,7067],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,6981,6982,6984,6986,6988,6990,6992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,6983,117],{"class":116},[55,6985,120],{"class":69},[55,6987,3459],{"class":850},[55,6989,120],{"class":69},[55,6991,131],{"class":130},[55,6993,1357],{"class":69},[55,6995,6996,6998,7000,7002,7004,7006],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,6997,117],{"class":116},[55,6999,120],{"class":69},[55,7001,3459],{"class":850},[55,7003,120],{"class":69},[55,7005,3358],{"class":130},[55,7007,1357],{"class":69},[55,7009,7010,7012,7014,7016,7018,7020],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7011,117],{"class":116},[55,7013,120],{"class":69},[55,7015,3459],{"class":850},[55,7017,120],{"class":69},[55,7019,5866],{"class":73},[55,7021,1357],{"class":69},[55,7023,7024,7026,7028,7030],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7025,117],{"class":116},[55,7027,120],{"class":69},[55,7029,3459],{"class":850},[55,7031,4018],{"class":69},[55,7033,7034,7036,7038,7040],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,7035,117],{"class":116},[55,7037,120],{"class":69},[55,7039,3459],{"class":850},[55,7041,4076],{"class":69},[55,7043,7044,7046,7048,7050],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,7045,117],{"class":116},[55,7047,120],{"class":69},[55,7049,3459],{"class":850},[55,7051,7052],{"class":69},"({}))\n",[55,7054,7055,7057,7059,7061,7063,7065],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,7056,117],{"class":116},[55,7058,120],{"class":69},[55,7060,3459],{"class":850},[55,7062,120],{"class":69},[55,7064,5881],{"class":850},[55,7066,5884],{"class":69},[55,7068,7069,7071,7073,7075,7077,7079],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,7070,117],{"class":116},[55,7072,120],{"class":69},[55,7074,3459],{"class":850},[55,7076,120],{"class":69},[55,7078,3368],{"class":3443},[55,7080,1357],{"class":69},[14,7082,314],{},[45,7084,7086],{"className":47,"code":7085,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[52,7087,7088,7092,7096,7100,7104,7108,7112,7116],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7089,7090],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7091,3631],{"class":3443},[55,7093,7094],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7095,3631],{"class":3443},[55,7097,7098],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7099,3631],{"class":3443},[55,7101,7102],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7103,3631],{"class":3443},[55,7105,7106],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,7107,3631],{"class":3443},[55,7109,7110],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,7111,3631],{"class":3443},[55,7113,7114],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,7115,3631],{"class":3443},[55,7117,7118],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,7119,3631],{"class":3443},[37,7121,7123],{"id":7122},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[14,7125,7126,7127,7129,7130,6934],{},"Many values become ",[52,7128,3194],{},". These are often called ",[3332,7131,5186],{},[14,7133,6937],{},[21,7135,7136,7139,7142,7145,7148,7151],{},[24,7137,7138],{},"non-zero numbers",[24,7140,7141],{},"non-empty strings",[24,7143,7144],{},"non-empty lists",[24,7146,7147],{},"non-empty tuples",[24,7149,7150],{},"non-empty sets",[24,7152,7153],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[14,7155,233],{},[45,7157,7159],{"className":47,"code":7158,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[52,7160,7161,7175,7191,7209,7231,7249],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7162,7163,7165,7167,7169,7171,7173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7164,117],{"class":116},[55,7166,120],{"class":69},[55,7168,3459],{"class":850},[55,7170,120],{"class":69},[55,7172,817],{"class":130},[55,7174,1357],{"class":69},[55,7176,7177,7179,7181,7183,7185,7187,7189],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7178,117],{"class":116},[55,7180,120],{"class":69},[55,7182,3459],{"class":850},[55,7184,120],{"class":69},[55,7186,171],{"class":65},[55,7188,309],{"class":130},[55,7190,1357],{"class":69},[55,7192,7193,7195,7197,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7194,117],{"class":116},[55,7196,120],{"class":69},[55,7198,3459],{"class":850},[55,7200,120],{"class":69},[55,7202,74],{"class":73},[55,7204,3436],{"class":77},[55,7206,74],{"class":73},[55,7208,1357],{"class":69},[55,7210,7211,7213,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7212,117],{"class":116},[55,7214,120],{"class":69},[55,7216,3459],{"class":850},[55,7218,2573],{"class":69},[55,7220,152],{"class":130},[55,7222,83],{"class":69},[55,7224,976],{"class":130},[55,7226,83],{"class":69},[55,7228,2036],{"class":130},[55,7230,2586],{"class":69},[55,7232,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,7234,117],{"class":116},[55,7236,120],{"class":69},[55,7238,3459],{"class":850},[55,7240,5103],{"class":69},[55,7242,152],{"class":130},[55,7244,83],{"class":69},[55,7246,976],{"class":130},[55,7248,2499],{"class":69},[55,7250,7251,7253,7255,7257,7259,7261,7264,7266,7268,7270,7273,7275],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,7252,117],{"class":116},[55,7254,120],{"class":69},[55,7256,3459],{"class":850},[55,7258,5122],{"class":69},[55,7260,74],{"class":73},[55,7262,7263],{"class":77},"name",[55,7265,74],{"class":73},[55,7267,854],{"class":69},[55,7269,86],{"class":73},[55,7271,7272],{"class":77},"Sam",[55,7274,74],{"class":73},[55,7276,5131],{"class":69},[14,7278,314],{},[45,7280,7282],{"className":47,"code":7281,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[52,7283,7284,7288,7292,7296,7300,7304],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7285,7286],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7287,3570],{"class":3443},[55,7289,7290],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7291,3570],{"class":3443},[55,7293,7294],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7295,3570],{"class":3443},[55,7297,7298],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7299,3570],{"class":3443},[55,7301,7302],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,7303,3570],{"class":3443},[55,7305,7306],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,7307,3570],{"class":3443},[14,7309,7310],{},"One important example is this:",[45,7312,7314],{"className":47,"code":7313,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[52,7315,7316],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7317,7318,7320,7322,7324,7326,7328,7330,7332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7319,117],{"class":116},[55,7321,120],{"class":69},[55,7323,3459],{"class":850},[55,7325,120],{"class":69},[55,7327,74],{"class":73},[55,7329,3261],{"class":77},[55,7331,74],{"class":73},[55,7333,1357],{"class":69},[14,7335,314],{},[45,7337,7338],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7339,7340],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7341,7342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7343,3570],{"class":3443},[14,7345,7346,7347,7349,7350,198],{},"Even though the text says ",[52,7348,6275],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[52,7351,3194],{},[37,7353,7355],{"id":7354},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[14,7357,7358,7359,7361],{},"You can use ",[52,7360,3403],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[1425,7363,7365],{"id":7364},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[45,7367,7369],{"className":47,"code":7368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[52,7370,7371,7392],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7372,7373,7376,7378,7380,7382,7384,7386,7388,7390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7374,7375],{"class":61},"items ",[55,7377,66],{"class":65},[55,7379,3211],{"class":69},[55,7381,250],{"class":130},[55,7383,83],{"class":69},[55,7385,255],{"class":130},[55,7387,83],{"class":69},[55,7389,260],{"class":130},[55,7391,386],{"class":69},[55,7393,7394,7396,7398,7400,7402,7405],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7395,117],{"class":116},[55,7397,120],{"class":69},[55,7399,3459],{"class":850},[55,7401,120],{"class":69},[55,7403,7404],{"class":123},"items",[55,7406,1357],{"class":69},[14,7408,314],{},[45,7410,7411],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7412,7413],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7414,7415],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7416,3570],{"class":3443},[14,7418,7419],{},"With an empty list:",[45,7421,7423],{"className":47,"code":7422,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[52,7424,7425,7434],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7426,7427,7429,7431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7428,7375],{"class":61},[55,7430,66],{"class":65},[55,7432,7433],{"class":69}," []\n",[55,7435,7436,7438,7440,7442,7444,7446],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7437,117],{"class":116},[55,7439,120],{"class":69},[55,7441,3459],{"class":850},[55,7443,120],{"class":69},[55,7445,7404],{"class":123},[55,7447,1357],{"class":69},[14,7449,314],{},[45,7451,7452],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7453,7454],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7455,7456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7457,3631],{"class":3443},[1425,7459,7461],{"id":7460},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[45,7463,7465],{"className":47,"code":7464,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[52,7466,7467,7477],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7468,7469,7472,7474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7470,7471],{"class":61},"name ",[55,7473,66],{"class":65},[55,7475,7476],{"class":73}," \"\"\n",[55,7478,7479,7481,7483,7485,7487,7489],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7480,117],{"class":116},[55,7482,120],{"class":69},[55,7484,3459],{"class":850},[55,7486,120],{"class":69},[55,7488,7263],{"class":123},[55,7490,1357],{"class":69},[14,7492,314],{},[45,7494,7495],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7496,7497],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7498,7499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7500,3631],{"class":3443},[45,7502,7504],{"className":47,"code":7503,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[52,7505,7506,7519],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7507,7508,7510,7512,7514,7517],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7509,7471],{"class":61},[55,7511,66],{"class":65},[55,7513,86],{"class":73},[55,7515,7516],{"class":77},"Mia",[55,7518,1288],{"class":73},[55,7520,7521,7523,7525,7527,7529,7531],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7522,117],{"class":116},[55,7524,120],{"class":69},[55,7526,3459],{"class":850},[55,7528,120],{"class":69},[55,7530,7263],{"class":123},[55,7532,1357],{"class":69},[14,7534,314],{},[45,7536,7537],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7538,7539],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7540,7541],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7542,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,7544,7546],{"id":7545},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[45,7548,7550],{"className":47,"code":7549,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[52,7551,7552,7566,7583,7587],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7553,7554,7557,7559,7561,7564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7555,7556],{"class":61},"username ",[55,7558,66],{"class":65},[55,7560,86],{"class":73},[55,7562,7563],{"class":77},"alex",[55,7565,1288],{"class":73},[55,7567,7568,7571,7573,7576,7578,7581],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7569,7570],{"class":61},"has_name ",[55,7572,66],{"class":65},[55,7574,7575],{"class":850}," bool",[55,7577,120],{"class":69},[55,7579,7580],{"class":123},"username",[55,7582,103],{"class":69},[55,7584,7585],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7586,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,7588,7589,7591,7593,7596],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7590,117],{"class":116},[55,7592,120],{"class":69},[55,7594,7595],{"class":123},"has_name",[55,7597,103],{"class":69},[14,7599,314],{},[45,7601,7602],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7603,7604],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7605,7606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7607,3570],{"class":3443},[14,7609,7610,7611,2465,7613,7615],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[52,7612,3194],{},[52,7614,3261],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[1425,7617,7619],{"id":7618},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[14,7621,7622],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[45,7624,7626],{"className":47,"code":7625,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[52,7627,7628,7648,7652,7660],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7629,7630,7632,7634,7636,7638,7640,7642,7644,7646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7631,243],{"class":61},[55,7633,66],{"class":65},[55,7635,3211],{"class":69},[55,7637,152],{"class":130},[55,7639,83],{"class":69},[55,7641,976],{"class":130},[55,7643,83],{"class":69},[55,7645,2036],{"class":130},[55,7647,386],{"class":69},[55,7649,7650],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7651,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,7653,7654,7656,7658],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7655,960],{"class":959},[55,7657,3852],{"class":61},[55,7659,979],{"class":69},[55,7661,7662,7664,7666,7668,7671,7673],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7663,985],{"class":116},[55,7665,120],{"class":69},[55,7667,74],{"class":73},[55,7669,7670],{"class":77},"The list is not empty",[55,7672,74],{"class":73},[55,7674,103],{"class":69},[14,7676,314],{},[45,7678,7680],{"className":47,"code":7679,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"The list is not empty\n",[52,7681,7682],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7683,7684,7686,7689,7692,7695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7685,1563],{"class":61},[55,7687,7688],{"class":850},"list",[55,7690,7691],{"class":65}," is",[55,7693,7694],{"class":65}," not",[55,7696,7697],{"class":61}," empty\n",[14,7699,7700,7701,198],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[194,7702,7704],{"href":7703},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[37,7706,7708],{"id":7707},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[14,7710,7711,7712,7714],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[52,7713,3403],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[14,7716,7717],{},"It does not do that.",[1425,7719,7721,1981,7724],{"id":7720},"boolfalse-returns-true",[52,7722,7723],{},"bool(\"False\")",[52,7725,3194],{},[45,7727,7728],{"className":47,"code":7313,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7729,7730],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7731,7732,7734,7736,7738,7740,7742,7744,7746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7733,117],{"class":116},[55,7735,120],{"class":69},[55,7737,3459],{"class":850},[55,7739,120],{"class":69},[55,7741,74],{"class":73},[55,7743,3261],{"class":77},[55,7745,74],{"class":73},[55,7747,1357],{"class":69},[14,7749,314],{},[45,7751,7752],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7753,7754],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7755,7756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7757,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,7759,7761,1981,7764],{"id":7760},"bool0-returns-true",[52,7762,7763],{},"bool(\"0\")",[52,7765,3194],{},[45,7767,7769],{"className":47,"code":7768,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[52,7770,7771],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7772,7773,7775,7777,7779,7781,7783,7785,7787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7774,117],{"class":116},[55,7776,120],{"class":69},[55,7778,3459],{"class":850},[55,7780,120],{"class":69},[55,7782,74],{"class":73},[55,7784,131],{"class":77},[55,7786,74],{"class":73},[55,7788,1357],{"class":69},[14,7790,314],{},[45,7792,7793],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,7794,7795],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7796,7797],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7798,3570],{"class":3443},[14,7800,7801,7802,198],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3332,7803,7141],{},[14,7805,7806,7808],{},[52,7807,3403],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[14,7810,7811,7812,7817,7818,7820],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[194,7813,7815],{"href":7814},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[52,7816,2545],{},", because ",[52,7819,2545],{}," always returns a string.",[14,7822,233],{},[45,7824,7826],{"className":47,"code":7825,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[52,7827,7828,7849],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7829,7830,7833,7835,7838,7840,7842,7845,7847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7831,7832],{"class":61},"user_value ",[55,7834,66],{"class":65},[55,7836,7837],{"class":116}," input",[55,7839,120],{"class":69},[55,7841,74],{"class":73},[55,7843,7844],{"class":77},"Enter True or False: ",[55,7846,74],{"class":73},[55,7848,103],{"class":69},[55,7850,7851,7853,7855,7857,7859,7862],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7852,117],{"class":116},[55,7854,120],{"class":69},[55,7856,3459],{"class":850},[55,7858,120],{"class":69},[55,7860,7861],{"class":123},"user_value",[55,7863,1357],{"class":69},[14,7865,7866,7867,7869,7870,7817,7872,7874],{},"If the user types ",[52,7868,3261],{},", the result will still be ",[52,7871,3194],{},[52,7873,6275],{}," is not empty.",[37,7876,7878],{"id":7877},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[14,7880,7881,7882,7884,7885,7887],{},"In many ",[52,7883,960],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[52,7886,3403],{}," yourself.",[14,7889,7890],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[14,7892,7893],{},"Instead of this:",[45,7895,7897],{"className":47,"code":7896,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[52,7898,7899,7920,7924,7937],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7900,7901,7904,7906,7908,7910,7912,7914,7916,7918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7902,7903],{"class":61},"my_list ",[55,7905,66],{"class":65},[55,7907,3211],{"class":69},[55,7909,152],{"class":130},[55,7911,83],{"class":69},[55,7913,976],{"class":130},[55,7915,83],{"class":69},[55,7917,2036],{"class":130},[55,7919,386],{"class":69},[55,7921,7922],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7923,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,7925,7926,7928,7930,7932,7935],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7927,960],{"class":959},[55,7929,7575],{"class":850},[55,7931,120],{"class":69},[55,7933,7934],{"class":123},"my_list",[55,7936,839],{"class":69},[55,7938,7939,7941,7943,7945,7948,7950],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7940,985],{"class":116},[55,7942,120],{"class":69},[55,7944,74],{"class":73},[55,7946,7947],{"class":77},"List has items",[55,7949,74],{"class":73},[55,7951,103],{"class":69},[14,7953,7954],{},"You can simply write:",[45,7956,7958],{"className":47,"code":7957,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[52,7959,7960,7980,7984,7993],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,7961,7962,7964,7966,7968,7970,7972,7974,7976,7978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,7963,7903],{"class":61},[55,7965,66],{"class":65},[55,7967,3211],{"class":69},[55,7969,152],{"class":130},[55,7971,83],{"class":69},[55,7973,976],{"class":130},[55,7975,83],{"class":69},[55,7977,2036],{"class":130},[55,7979,386],{"class":69},[55,7981,7982],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,7983,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,7985,7986,7988,7991],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,7987,960],{"class":959},[55,7989,7990],{"class":61}," my_list",[55,7992,979],{"class":69},[55,7994,7995,7997,7999,8001,8003,8005],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,7996,985],{"class":116},[55,7998,120],{"class":69},[55,8000,74],{"class":73},[55,8002,7947],{"class":77},[55,8004,74],{"class":73},[55,8006,103],{"class":69},[14,8008,8009],{},"Both examples work.",[14,8011,8012,8013,8015],{},"Using ",[52,8014,3403],{}," is still helpful when:",[21,8017,8018,8021,8029],{},[24,8019,8020],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[24,8022,8023,8024,2465,8026,8028],{},"you want to store a real ",[52,8025,3194],{},[52,8027,3261],{}," value",[24,8030,8031],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[14,8033,8034,8035,198],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[194,8036,8037],{"href":1884},"Python type() function explained",[37,8039,1298],{"id":1297},[14,8041,8042,8043,198],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[52,8044,3403],{},[1425,8046,8048,8049,8051,8052],{"id":8047},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[52,8050,7723],{}," to return ",[52,8053,3261],{},[14,8055,8056],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[45,8058,8059],{"className":47,"code":7313,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,8060,8061],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8062,8063,8065,8067,8069,8071,8073,8075,8077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8064,117],{"class":116},[55,8066,120],{"class":69},[55,8068,3459],{"class":850},[55,8070,120],{"class":69},[55,8072,74],{"class":73},[55,8074,3261],{"class":77},[55,8076,74],{"class":73},[55,8078,1357],{"class":69},[14,8080,314],{},[45,8082,8083],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,8084,8085],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8086,8087],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8088,3570],{"class":3443},[14,8090,8091,8092,6276],{},"Why? Because ",[52,8093,6275],{},[14,8095,8096],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[45,8098,8100],{"className":47,"code":8099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[52,8101,8102,8114],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8103,8104,8106,8108,8110,8112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8105,2031],{"class":61},[55,8107,66],{"class":65},[55,8109,86],{"class":73},[55,8111,3261],{"class":77},[55,8113,1288],{"class":73},[55,8115,8116,8118,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8117,117],{"class":116},[55,8119,120],{"class":69},[55,8121,2031],{"class":123},[55,8123,4280],{"class":65},[55,8125,86],{"class":73},[55,8127,3194],{"class":77},[55,8129,74],{"class":73},[55,8131,103],{"class":69},[14,8133,314],{},[45,8135,8136],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,8137,8138],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8139,8140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8141,3631],{"class":3443},[1425,8143,8145],{"id":8144},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[14,8147,8148,8150],{},[52,8149,2545],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[45,8152,8154],{"className":47,"code":8153,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[52,8155,8156,8175],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8157,8158,8160,8162,8164,8166,8168,8171,8173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8159,2031],{"class":61},[55,8161,66],{"class":65},[55,8163,7837],{"class":116},[55,8165,120],{"class":69},[55,8167,74],{"class":73},[55,8169,8170],{"class":77},"Enter yes or no: ",[55,8172,74],{"class":73},[55,8174,103],{"class":69},[55,8176,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185,8187],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8178,117],{"class":116},[55,8180,120],{"class":69},[55,8182,3459],{"class":850},[55,8184,120],{"class":69},[55,8186,2058],{"class":123},[55,8188,1357],{"class":69},[14,8190,7866,8191,8194,8195,8197,8198,7874],{},[52,8192,8193],{},"no",", the result is still ",[52,8196,3194],{}," because ",[52,8199,8200],{},"\"no\"",[14,8202,8203],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[45,8205,8207],{"className":47,"code":8206,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[52,8208,8209,8240],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8210,8211,8213,8215,8217,8219,8221,8223,8225,8228,8231,8234,8237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8212,2031],{"class":61},[55,8214,66],{"class":65},[55,8216,7837],{"class":116},[55,8218,120],{"class":69},[55,8220,74],{"class":73},[55,8222,8170],{"class":77},[55,8224,74],{"class":73},[55,8226,8227],{"class":69},").",[55,8229,8230],{"class":123},"strip",[55,8232,8233],{"class":69},"().",[55,8235,8236],{"class":123},"lower",[55,8238,8239],{"class":69},"()\n",[55,8241,8242,8244,8246,8248,8250,8252,8255,8257],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8243,117],{"class":116},[55,8245,120],{"class":69},[55,8247,2031],{"class":123},[55,8249,4280],{"class":65},[55,8251,86],{"class":73},[55,8253,8254],{"class":77},"yes",[55,8256,74],{"class":73},[55,8258,103],{"class":69},[14,8260,8261,8262,8264,8265,198],{},"This gives ",[52,8263,3194],{}," only when the user enters ",[52,8266,8254],{},[1425,8268,8270],{"id":8269},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[14,8272,8273],{},"These are different:",[21,8275,8276,8280,8284,8288,8292],{},[24,8277,8278],{},[52,8279,3261],{},[24,8281,8282],{},[52,8283,131],{},[24,8285,8286],{},[52,8287,5866],{},[24,8289,8290],{},[52,8291,3377],{},[24,8293,8294],{},[52,8295,3368],{},[14,8297,8298,8299,8301,8302,8304],{},"They all become ",[52,8300,3261],{}," with ",[52,8303,3403],{},", but they are not the same value.",[14,8306,8307],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[45,8309,8311],{"className":47,"code":8310,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[52,8312,8313,8321,8335],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8314,8315,8317,8319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8316,2031],{"class":61},[55,8318,66],{"class":65},[55,8320,7433],{"class":69},[55,8322,8323,8325,8327,8329,8331,8333],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8324,117],{"class":116},[55,8326,120],{"class":69},[55,8328,1396],{"class":850},[55,8330,120],{"class":69},[55,8332,2058],{"class":123},[55,8334,1357],{"class":69},[55,8336,8337,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,8338,117],{"class":116},[55,8340,120],{"class":69},[55,8342,3459],{"class":850},[55,8344,120],{"class":69},[55,8346,2058],{"class":123},[55,8348,1357],{"class":69},[14,8350,314],{},[45,8352,8354],{"className":47,"code":8353,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[52,8355,8356,8370],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8357,8358,8360,8362,8364,8366,8368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8359,2878],{"class":65},[55,8361,2881],{"class":1648},[55,8363,2884],{"class":73},[55,8365,7688],{"class":77},[55,8367,2889],{"class":73},[55,8369,2892],{"class":65},[55,8371,8372],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8373,3631],{"class":3443},[1425,8375,8012,8377,8379],{"id":8376},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[52,8378,3382],{}," expecting an empty set",[14,8381,8382,8383,8385],{},"In Python, ",[52,8384,3382],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[45,8387,8389],{"className":47,"code":8388,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type({}))\n",[52,8390,8391],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8392,8393,8395,8397,8399],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8394,117],{"class":116},[55,8396,120],{"class":69},[55,8398,1396],{"class":850},[55,8400,7052],{"class":69},[14,8402,314],{},[45,8404,8406],{"className":47,"code":8405,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[52,8407,8408],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8409,8410,8412,8414,8416,8419,8421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8411,2878],{"class":65},[55,8413,2881],{"class":1648},[55,8415,2884],{"class":73},[55,8417,8418],{"class":77},"dict",[55,8420,2889],{"class":73},[55,8422,2892],{"class":65},[14,8424,8425],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[45,8427,8429],{"className":47,"code":8428,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(set()))\n",[52,8430,8431],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8432,8433,8435,8437,8439,8441,8443],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8434,117],{"class":116},[55,8436,120],{"class":69},[55,8438,1396],{"class":850},[55,8440,120],{"class":69},[55,8442,5881],{"class":850},[55,8444,5884],{"class":69},[14,8446,314],{},[45,8448,8450],{"className":47,"code":8449,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[52,8451,8452],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8453,8454,8456,8458,8460,8462,8464],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8455,2878],{"class":65},[55,8457,2881],{"class":1648},[55,8459,2884],{"class":73},[55,8461,5881],{"class":77},[55,8463,2889],{"class":73},[55,8465,2892],{"class":65},[37,8467,8469],{"id":8468},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[14,8471,8472,8473,8475],{},"If ",[52,8474,3403],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[45,8477,8479],{"className":47,"code":8478,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[52,8480,8481,8495,8509,8519,8537],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8482,8483,8485,8487,8489,8491,8493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8484,117],{"class":116},[55,8486,120],{"class":69},[55,8488,3459],{"class":850},[55,8490,120],{"class":69},[55,8492,2058],{"class":123},[55,8494,1357],{"class":69},[55,8496,8497,8499,8501,8503,8505,8507],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8498,117],{"class":116},[55,8500,120],{"class":69},[55,8502,1396],{"class":850},[55,8504,120],{"class":69},[55,8506,2058],{"class":123},[55,8508,1357],{"class":69},[55,8510,8511,8513,8515,8517],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,8512,117],{"class":116},[55,8514,120],{"class":69},[55,8516,2058],{"class":123},[55,8518,103],{"class":69},[55,8520,8521,8523,8525,8527,8529,8531,8533,8535],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,8522,117],{"class":116},[55,8524,120],{"class":69},[55,8526,2031],{"class":123},[55,8528,4280],{"class":65},[55,8530,86],{"class":73},[55,8532,3194],{"class":77},[55,8534,74],{"class":73},[55,8536,103],{"class":69},[55,8538,8539,8541,8543,8545,8547,8549,8551,8553],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,8540,117],{"class":116},[55,8542,120],{"class":69},[55,8544,2058],{"class":123},[55,8546,198],{"class":69},[55,8548,8230],{"class":123},[55,8550,8233],{"class":69},[55,8552,8236],{"class":123},[55,8554,6788],{"class":69},[14,8556,8557],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[21,8559,8560,8563,8566,8569],{},[24,8561,8562],{},"what the value really is",[24,8564,8565],{},"whether it is a string",[24,8567,8568],{},"whether it contains spaces",[24,8570,8571],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[14,8573,8574,8575,198],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[194,8576,8578],{"href":8577},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[37,8580,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,8582,8584],{"id":8583},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[14,8586,8587,8588,2465,8590,198],{},"It returns either ",[52,8589,3194],{},[52,8591,3261],{},[1425,8593,8595],{"id":8594},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[14,8597,4739,8598,198],{},[52,8599,3261],{},[1425,8601,8603],{"id":8602},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[14,8605,8606,8607,198],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[52,8608,3194],{},[1425,8610,8612],{"id":8611},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[14,8614,8615,8616,198],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[52,8617,3261],{},[1425,8619,8621],{"id":8620},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[14,8623,8624,8625,2465,8627,3326],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[52,8626,3194],{},[52,8628,3261],{},[37,8630,1495],{"id":1494},[21,8632,8633,8638,8642,8647,8651,8656],{},[24,8634,8635],{},[194,8636,8637],{"href":5370},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[24,8639,8640],{},[194,8641,7704],{"href":7703},[24,8643,8644],{},[194,8645,8646],{"href":7814},"Python input() function explained",[24,8648,8649],{},[194,8650,8037],{"href":1884},[24,8652,8653],{},[194,8654,8655],{"href":8577},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[24,8657,8658],{},[194,8659,8660],{"href":6804},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1524,8662,8663],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":8665},[8666,8667,8668,8669,8670,8671,8677,8683,8684,8692,8693,8700],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":6741,"depth":106,"text":6742},{"id":6808,"depth":106,"text":6809},{"id":6927,"depth":106,"text":6928},{"id":7122,"depth":106,"text":7123},{"id":7354,"depth":106,"text":7355,"children":8672},[8673,8674,8675,8676],{"id":7364,"depth":113,"text":7365},{"id":7460,"depth":113,"text":7461},{"id":7545,"depth":113,"text":7546},{"id":7618,"depth":113,"text":7619},{"id":7707,"depth":106,"text":7708,"children":8678},[8679,8681],{"id":7720,"depth":113,"text":8680},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7760,"depth":113,"text":8682},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7877,"depth":106,"text":7878},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":8685},[8686,8688,8689,8690],{"id":8047,"depth":113,"text":8687},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8144,"depth":113,"text":8145},{"id":8269,"depth":113,"text":8270},{"id":8376,"depth":113,"text":8691},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8468,"depth":106,"text":8469},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":8694},[8695,8696,8697,8698,8699],{"id":8583,"depth":113,"text":8584},{"id":8594,"depth":113,"text":8595},{"id":8602,"depth":113,"text":8603},{"id":8611,"depth":113,"text":8612},{"id":8620,"depth":113,"text":8621},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6569,"description":8701},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8708,"title":8709,"body":8710,"description":10902,"extension":1546,"meta":10903,"navigation":109,"path":10904,"seo":10905,"stem":10906,"__hash__":10907},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8711,"toc":10864},[8712,8718,8724,8731,8736,8747,8754,8862,8866,8935,8940,8945,8950,8953,8964,8969,8972,8983,8990,8992,8997,9001,9026,9030,9039,9043,9106,9110,9143,9147,9192,9196,9233,9237,9240,9296,9300,9345,9348,9353,9392,9396,9419,9422,9436,9449,9453,9458,9525,9529,9565,9568,9576,9579,9643,9647,9679,9685,9687,9747,9754,9757,9835,9839,9872,9876,9879,9923,9927,9963,9966,9983,9986,9989,10042,10045,10056,10063,10072,10075,10133,10137,10178,10186,10194,10200,10208,10220,10225,10236,10309,10312,10324,10340,10344,10349,10353,10355,10398,10404,10407,10470,10474,10477,10486,10491,10528,10532,10535,10543,10546,10585,10589,10592,10643,10647,10668,10675,10677,10683,10709,10712,10766,10769,10780,10782,10789,10797,10803,10808,10815,10818,10825,10832,10834,10861],[10,8713,3165,8715,3169],{"id":8714},"python-dict-function-explained",[52,8716,8717],{},"dict()",[14,8719,8720,8721,8723],{},"The built-in ",[52,8722,8717],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[14,8725,8726,8727,8730],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3332,8728,8729],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[14,8732,8733,8735],{},[52,8734,8717],{}," is commonly used to:",[21,8737,8738,8741,8744],{},[24,8739,8740],{},"create an empty dictionary",[24,8742,8743],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[24,8745,8746],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8748,8749,8750,198],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[194,8751,8753],{"href":8752},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[45,8755,8757],{"className":47,"code":8756,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[52,8758,8759,8794,8805,8809,8847],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8760,8761,8764,8766,8769,8771,8774,8776,8778,8780,8782,8784,8787,8789,8792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8762,8763],{"class":61},"data ",[55,8765,66],{"class":65},[55,8767,8768],{"class":850}," dict",[55,8770,120],{"class":69},[55,8772,7263],{"class":8773},"s99_P",[55,8775,66],{"class":65},[55,8777,2889],{"class":73},[55,8779,4595],{"class":77},[55,8781,2889],{"class":73},[55,8783,83],{"class":69},[55,8785,8786],{"class":8773}," age",[55,8788,66],{"class":65},[55,8790,8791],{"class":130},"25",[55,8793,103],{"class":69},[55,8795,8796,8798,8800,8803],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8797,117],{"class":116},[55,8799,120],{"class":69},[55,8801,8802],{"class":123},"data",[55,8804,103],{"class":69},[55,8806,8807],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,8808,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,8810,8811,8814,8816,8819,8821,8823,8825,8827,8829,8832,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,8812,8813],{"class":61},"pairs ",[55,8815,66],{"class":65},[55,8817,8818],{"class":69}," [(",[55,8820,2889],{"class":73},[55,8822,194],{"class":77},[55,8824,2889],{"class":73},[55,8826,83],{"class":69},[55,8828,5090],{"class":130},[55,8830,8831],{"class":69},"),",[55,8833,70],{"class":69},[55,8835,2889],{"class":73},[55,8837,786],{"class":77},[55,8839,2889],{"class":73},[55,8841,83],{"class":69},[55,8843,976],{"class":130},[55,8845,8846],{"class":69},")]\n",[55,8848,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857,8860],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,8850,117],{"class":116},[55,8852,120],{"class":69},[55,8854,8418],{"class":850},[55,8856,120],{"class":69},[55,8858,8859],{"class":123},"pairs",[55,8861,1357],{"class":69},[14,8863,8864],{},[3332,8865,314],{},[45,8867,8869],{"className":47,"code":8868,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[52,8870,8871,8907],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,8872,8873,8876,8878,8880,8882,8884,8886,8888,8890,8892,8894,8897,8899,8901,8904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,8874,8875],{"class":69},"{",[55,8877,2889],{"class":73},[55,8879,7263],{"class":77},[55,8881,2889],{"class":73},[55,8883,854],{"class":69},[55,8885,2884],{"class":73},[55,8887,4595],{"class":77},[55,8889,2889],{"class":73},[55,8891,83],{"class":69},[55,8893,2884],{"class":73},[55,8895,8896],{"class":77},"age",[55,8898,2889],{"class":73},[55,8900,854],{"class":69},[55,8902,8903],{"class":130}," 25",[55,8905,8906],{"class":69},"}\n",[55,8908,8909,8911,8913,8915,8917,8919,8921,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931,8933],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,8910,8875],{"class":69},[55,8912,2889],{"class":73},[55,8914,194],{"class":77},[55,8916,2889],{"class":73},[55,8918,854],{"class":69},[55,8920,5090],{"class":130},[55,8922,83],{"class":69},[55,8924,2884],{"class":73},[55,8926,786],{"class":77},[55,8928,2889],{"class":73},[55,8930,854],{"class":69},[55,8932,976],{"class":130},[55,8934,8906],{"class":69},[14,8936,1440,8937,8939],{},[52,8938,8717],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[37,8941,3265,8943,3268],{"id":8942},"what-dict-does",[52,8944,8717],{},[14,8946,8947,8949],{},[52,8948,8717],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[14,8951,8952],{},"A dictionary:",[21,8954,8955,8958,8961],{},[24,8956,8957],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[24,8959,8960],{},"lets you look up values by key",[24,8962,8963],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[14,8965,8966,8968],{},[52,8967,8717],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[14,8970,8971],{},"Common uses include:",[21,8973,8974,8977,8980],{},[24,8975,8976],{},"making an empty dictionary",[24,8978,8979],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[24,8981,8982],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[14,8984,8985,8986,198],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[194,8987,8989],{"href":8988},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[37,8991,1740],{"id":1739},[14,8993,8994,8996],{},[52,8995,8717],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[1425,8998,9000],{"id":8999},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[45,9002,9004],{"className":47,"code":9003,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[52,9005,9006,9016],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9007,9008,9010,9012,9014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9009,8763],{"class":61},[55,9011,66],{"class":65},[55,9013,8768],{"class":850},[55,9015,8239],{"class":69},[55,9017,9018,9020,9022,9024],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9019,117],{"class":116},[55,9021,120],{"class":69},[55,9023,8802],{"class":123},[55,9025,103],{"class":69},[14,9027,9028],{},[3332,9029,314],{},[45,9031,9033],{"className":47,"code":9032,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{}\n",[52,9034,9035],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9036,9037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9038,9032],{"class":69},[1425,9040,9042],{"id":9041},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[45,9044,9046],{"className":47,"code":9045,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[52,9047,9048,9082,9096],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9049,9050,9052,9054,9056,9058,9060,9062,9064,9066,9068,9070,9072,9074,9076,9078,9080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9051,8813],{"class":61},[55,9053,66],{"class":65},[55,9055,8818],{"class":69},[55,9057,2889],{"class":73},[55,9059,194],{"class":77},[55,9061,2889],{"class":73},[55,9063,83],{"class":69},[55,9065,5090],{"class":130},[55,9067,8831],{"class":69},[55,9069,70],{"class":69},[55,9071,2889],{"class":73},[55,9073,786],{"class":77},[55,9075,2889],{"class":73},[55,9077,83],{"class":69},[55,9079,976],{"class":130},[55,9081,8846],{"class":69},[55,9083,9084,9086,9088,9090,9092,9094],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9085,8763],{"class":61},[55,9087,66],{"class":65},[55,9089,8768],{"class":850},[55,9091,120],{"class":69},[55,9093,8859],{"class":123},[55,9095,103],{"class":69},[55,9097,9098,9100,9102,9104],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,9099,117],{"class":116},[55,9101,120],{"class":69},[55,9103,8802],{"class":123},[55,9105,103],{"class":69},[14,9107,9108],{},[3332,9109,314],{},[45,9111,9113],{"className":47,"code":9112,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[52,9114,9115],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9116,9117,9119,9121,9123,9125,9127,9129,9131,9133,9135,9137,9139,9141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9118,8875],{"class":69},[55,9120,2889],{"class":73},[55,9122,194],{"class":77},[55,9124,2889],{"class":73},[55,9126,854],{"class":69},[55,9128,5090],{"class":130},[55,9130,83],{"class":69},[55,9132,2884],{"class":73},[55,9134,786],{"class":77},[55,9136,2889],{"class":73},[55,9138,854],{"class":69},[55,9140,976],{"class":130},[55,9142,8906],{"class":69},[1425,9144,9146],{"id":9145},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[45,9148,9150],{"className":47,"code":9149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[52,9151,9152,9182],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9153,9154,9156,9158,9160,9162,9164,9166,9168,9170,9172,9174,9176,9178,9180],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9155,8763],{"class":61},[55,9157,66],{"class":65},[55,9159,8768],{"class":850},[55,9161,120],{"class":69},[55,9163,7263],{"class":8773},[55,9165,66],{"class":65},[55,9167,2889],{"class":73},[55,9169,4595],{"class":77},[55,9171,2889],{"class":73},[55,9173,83],{"class":69},[55,9175,8786],{"class":8773},[55,9177,66],{"class":65},[55,9179,8791],{"class":130},[55,9181,103],{"class":69},[55,9183,9184,9186,9188,9190],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9185,117],{"class":116},[55,9187,120],{"class":69},[55,9189,8802],{"class":123},[55,9191,103],{"class":69},[14,9193,9194],{},[3332,9195,314],{},[45,9197,9199],{"className":47,"code":9198,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[52,9200,9201],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9202,9203,9205,9207,9209,9211,9213,9215,9217,9219,9221,9223,9225,9227,9229,9231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9204,8875],{"class":69},[55,9206,2889],{"class":73},[55,9208,7263],{"class":77},[55,9210,2889],{"class":73},[55,9212,854],{"class":69},[55,9214,2884],{"class":73},[55,9216,4595],{"class":77},[55,9218,2889],{"class":73},[55,9220,83],{"class":69},[55,9222,2884],{"class":73},[55,9224,8896],{"class":77},[55,9226,2889],{"class":73},[55,9228,854],{"class":69},[55,9230,8903],{"class":130},[55,9232,8906],{"class":69},[1425,9234,9236],{"id":9235},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[14,9238,9239],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[45,9241,9243],{"className":47,"code":9242,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[52,9244,9245,9286],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9246,9247,9249,9251,9253,9256,9258,9260,9262,9264,9266,9269,9271,9273,9275,9277,9280,9282,9284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9248,8763],{"class":61},[55,9250,66],{"class":65},[55,9252,8768],{"class":850},[55,9254,9255],{"class":69},"([(",[55,9257,2889],{"class":73},[55,9259,194],{"class":77},[55,9261,2889],{"class":73},[55,9263,83],{"class":69},[55,9265,5090],{"class":130},[55,9267,9268],{"class":69},")],",[55,9270,2146],{"class":8773},[55,9272,66],{"class":65},[55,9274,309],{"class":130},[55,9276,83],{"class":69},[55,9278,9279],{"class":8773}," c",[55,9281,66],{"class":65},[55,9283,609],{"class":130},[55,9285,103],{"class":69},[55,9287,9288,9290,9292,9294],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9289,117],{"class":116},[55,9291,120],{"class":69},[55,9293,8802],{"class":123},[55,9295,103],{"class":69},[14,9297,9298],{},[3332,9299,314],{},[45,9301,9303],{"className":47,"code":9302,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[52,9304,9305],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9306,9307,9309,9311,9313,9315,9317,9319,9321,9323,9325,9327,9329,9331,9333,9335,9337,9339,9341,9343],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9308,8875],{"class":69},[55,9310,2889],{"class":73},[55,9312,194],{"class":77},[55,9314,2889],{"class":73},[55,9316,854],{"class":69},[55,9318,5090],{"class":130},[55,9320,83],{"class":69},[55,9322,2884],{"class":73},[55,9324,786],{"class":77},[55,9326,2889],{"class":73},[55,9328,854],{"class":69},[55,9330,976],{"class":130},[55,9332,83],{"class":69},[55,9334,2884],{"class":73},[55,9336,795],{"class":77},[55,9338,2889],{"class":73},[55,9340,854],{"class":69},[55,9342,2036],{"class":130},[55,9344,8906],{"class":69},[37,9346,9000],{"id":9347},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[14,9349,1440,9350,9352],{},[52,9351,8717],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[45,9354,9356],{"className":47,"code":9355,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[52,9357,9358,9368,9382],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9359,9360,9362,9364,9366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9361,8763],{"class":61},[55,9363,66],{"class":65},[55,9365,8768],{"class":850},[55,9367,8239],{"class":69},[55,9369,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9371,117],{"class":116},[55,9373,120],{"class":69},[55,9375,1396],{"class":850},[55,9377,120],{"class":69},[55,9379,8802],{"class":123},[55,9381,1357],{"class":69},[55,9383,9384,9386,9388,9390],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,9385,117],{"class":116},[55,9387,120],{"class":69},[55,9389,8802],{"class":123},[55,9391,103],{"class":69},[14,9393,9394],{},[3332,9395,314],{},[45,9397,9399],{"className":47,"code":9398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[52,9400,9401,9415],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9402,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9404,2878],{"class":65},[55,9406,2881],{"class":1648},[55,9408,2884],{"class":73},[55,9410,8418],{"class":77},[55,9412,2889],{"class":73},[55,9414,2892],{"class":65},[55,9416,9417],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9418,9032],{"class":69},[14,9420,9421],{},"This gives the same result as:",[45,9423,9425],{"className":47,"code":9424,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {}\n",[52,9426,9427],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9428,9429,9431,9433],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9430,8763],{"class":61},[55,9432,66],{"class":65},[55,9434,9435],{"class":69}," {}\n",[14,9437,9438,9439,9441,9442,9445,9446,9448],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[52,9440,3382],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9443,9444],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[52,9447,8717],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[37,9450,9452],{"id":9451},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[14,9454,9455,9456,198],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[52,9457,8717],{},[45,9459,9461],{"className":47,"code":9460,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[52,9462,9463,9501,9515],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9464,9465,9467,9469,9471,9473,9475,9477,9479,9481,9483,9485,9487,9489,9491,9493,9495,9497,9499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9466,8813],{"class":61},[55,9468,66],{"class":65},[55,9470,8818],{"class":69},[55,9472,2889],{"class":73},[55,9474,7263],{"class":77},[55,9476,2889],{"class":73},[55,9478,83],{"class":69},[55,9480,2884],{"class":73},[55,9482,4595],{"class":77},[55,9484,2889],{"class":73},[55,9486,8831],{"class":69},[55,9488,70],{"class":69},[55,9490,2889],{"class":73},[55,9492,8896],{"class":77},[55,9494,2889],{"class":73},[55,9496,83],{"class":69},[55,9498,8903],{"class":130},[55,9500,8846],{"class":69},[55,9502,9503,9505,9507,9509,9511,9513],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9504,8763],{"class":61},[55,9506,66],{"class":65},[55,9508,8768],{"class":850},[55,9510,120],{"class":69},[55,9512,8859],{"class":123},[55,9514,103],{"class":69},[55,9516,9517,9519,9521,9523],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,9518,117],{"class":116},[55,9520,120],{"class":69},[55,9522,8802],{"class":123},[55,9524,103],{"class":69},[14,9526,9527],{},[3332,9528,314],{},[45,9530,9531],{"className":47,"code":9198,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,9532,9533],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9534,9535,9537,9539,9541,9543,9545,9547,9549,9551,9553,9555,9557,9559,9561,9563],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9536,8875],{"class":69},[55,9538,2889],{"class":73},[55,9540,7263],{"class":77},[55,9542,2889],{"class":73},[55,9544,854],{"class":69},[55,9546,2884],{"class":73},[55,9548,4595],{"class":77},[55,9550,2889],{"class":73},[55,9552,83],{"class":69},[55,9554,2884],{"class":73},[55,9556,8896],{"class":77},[55,9558,2889],{"class":73},[55,9560,854],{"class":69},[55,9562,8903],{"class":130},[55,9564,8906],{"class":69},[14,9566,9567],{},"Each pair becomes:",[21,9569,9570,9573],{},[24,9571,9572],{},"the first item as the key",[24,9574,9575],{},"the second item as the value",[14,9577,9578],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[45,9580,9582],{"className":47,"code":9581,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[52,9583,9584,9619,9633],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9585,9586,9588,9590,9593,9595,9597,9599,9601,9603,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9587,8813],{"class":61},[55,9589,66],{"class":65},[55,9591,9592],{"class":69}," ((",[55,9594,2889],{"class":73},[55,9596,194],{"class":77},[55,9598,2889],{"class":73},[55,9600,83],{"class":69},[55,9602,5090],{"class":130},[55,9604,8831],{"class":69},[55,9606,70],{"class":69},[55,9608,2889],{"class":73},[55,9610,786],{"class":77},[55,9612,2889],{"class":73},[55,9614,83],{"class":69},[55,9616,976],{"class":130},[55,9618,1357],{"class":69},[55,9620,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629,9631],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9622,8763],{"class":61},[55,9624,66],{"class":65},[55,9626,8768],{"class":850},[55,9628,120],{"class":69},[55,9630,8859],{"class":123},[55,9632,103],{"class":69},[55,9634,9635,9637,9639,9641],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,9636,117],{"class":116},[55,9638,120],{"class":69},[55,9640,8802],{"class":123},[55,9642,103],{"class":69},[14,9644,9645],{},[3332,9646,314],{},[45,9648,9649],{"className":47,"code":9112,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,9650,9651],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9652,9653,9655,9657,9659,9661,9663,9665,9667,9669,9671,9673,9675,9677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9654,8875],{"class":69},[55,9656,2889],{"class":73},[55,9658,194],{"class":77},[55,9660,2889],{"class":73},[55,9662,854],{"class":69},[55,9664,5090],{"class":130},[55,9666,83],{"class":69},[55,9668,2884],{"class":73},[55,9670,786],{"class":77},[55,9672,2889],{"class":73},[55,9674,854],{"class":69},[55,9676,976],{"class":130},[55,9678,8906],{"class":69},[14,9680,9681,9682,198],{},"Each item must contain ",[3332,9683,9684],{},"exactly two elements",[14,9686,2423],{},[45,9688,9690],{"className":47,"code":9689,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[52,9691,9692,9732],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9693,9694,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9695,9696],{"class":61},"bad_data ",[55,9698,66],{"class":65},[55,9700,8818],{"class":69},[55,9702,2889],{"class":73},[55,9704,194],{"class":77},[55,9706,2889],{"class":73},[55,9708,83],{"class":69},[55,9710,5090],{"class":130},[55,9712,83],{"class":69},[55,9714,9715],{"class":130}," 100",[55,9717,8831],{"class":69},[55,9719,70],{"class":69},[55,9721,2889],{"class":73},[55,9723,786],{"class":77},[55,9725,2889],{"class":73},[55,9727,83],{"class":69},[55,9729,976],{"class":130},[55,9731,8846],{"class":69},[55,9733,9734,9736,9738,9740,9742,9745],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9735,1814],{"class":61},[55,9737,66],{"class":65},[55,9739,8768],{"class":850},[55,9741,120],{"class":69},[55,9743,9744],{"class":123},"bad_data",[55,9746,103],{"class":69},[14,9748,9749,9750,9753],{},"Python raises an error because ",[52,9751,9752],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[14,9755,9756],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[45,9758,9760],{"className":47,"code":9759,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[52,9761,9762,9811,9825],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9763,9764,9766,9768,9770,9772,9774,9776,9778,9780,9782,9784,9786,9788,9790,9792,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9765,8813],{"class":61},[55,9767,66],{"class":65},[55,9769,8818],{"class":69},[55,9771,2889],{"class":73},[55,9773,194],{"class":77},[55,9775,2889],{"class":73},[55,9777,83],{"class":69},[55,9779,5090],{"class":130},[55,9781,8831],{"class":69},[55,9783,70],{"class":69},[55,9785,2889],{"class":73},[55,9787,194],{"class":77},[55,9789,2889],{"class":73},[55,9791,83],{"class":69},[55,9793,9794],{"class":130}," 99",[55,9796,8831],{"class":69},[55,9798,70],{"class":69},[55,9800,2889],{"class":73},[55,9802,786],{"class":77},[55,9804,2889],{"class":73},[55,9806,83],{"class":69},[55,9808,976],{"class":130},[55,9810,8846],{"class":69},[55,9812,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9814,8763],{"class":61},[55,9816,66],{"class":65},[55,9818,8768],{"class":850},[55,9820,120],{"class":69},[55,9822,8859],{"class":123},[55,9824,103],{"class":69},[55,9826,9827,9829,9831,9833],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,9828,117],{"class":116},[55,9830,120],{"class":69},[55,9832,8802],{"class":123},[55,9834,103],{"class":69},[14,9836,9837],{},[3332,9838,314],{},[45,9840,9842],{"className":47,"code":9841,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[52,9843,9844],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9845,9846,9848,9850,9852,9854,9856,9858,9860,9862,9864,9866,9868,9870],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9847,8875],{"class":69},[55,9849,2889],{"class":73},[55,9851,194],{"class":77},[55,9853,2889],{"class":73},[55,9855,854],{"class":69},[55,9857,9794],{"class":130},[55,9859,83],{"class":69},[55,9861,2884],{"class":73},[55,9863,786],{"class":77},[55,9865,2889],{"class":73},[55,9867,854],{"class":69},[55,9869,976],{"class":130},[55,9871,8906],{"class":69},[37,9873,9875],{"id":9874},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[14,9877,9878],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[45,9880,9881],{"className":47,"code":9149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,9882,9883,9913],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9884,9885,9887,9889,9891,9893,9895,9897,9899,9901,9903,9905,9907,9909,9911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9886,8763],{"class":61},[55,9888,66],{"class":65},[55,9890,8768],{"class":850},[55,9892,120],{"class":69},[55,9894,7263],{"class":8773},[55,9896,66],{"class":65},[55,9898,2889],{"class":73},[55,9900,4595],{"class":77},[55,9902,2889],{"class":73},[55,9904,83],{"class":69},[55,9906,8786],{"class":8773},[55,9908,66],{"class":65},[55,9910,8791],{"class":130},[55,9912,103],{"class":69},[55,9914,9915,9917,9919,9921],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,9916,117],{"class":116},[55,9918,120],{"class":69},[55,9920,8802],{"class":123},[55,9922,103],{"class":69},[14,9924,9925],{},[3332,9926,314],{},[45,9928,9929],{"className":47,"code":9198,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,9930,9931],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9932,9933,9935,9937,9939,9941,9943,9945,9947,9949,9951,9953,9955,9957,9959,9961],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9934,8875],{"class":69},[55,9936,2889],{"class":73},[55,9938,7263],{"class":77},[55,9940,2889],{"class":73},[55,9942,854],{"class":69},[55,9944,2884],{"class":73},[55,9946,4595],{"class":77},[55,9948,2889],{"class":73},[55,9950,83],{"class":69},[55,9952,2884],{"class":73},[55,9954,8896],{"class":77},[55,9956,2889],{"class":73},[55,9958,854],{"class":69},[55,9960,8903],{"class":130},[55,9962,8906],{"class":69},[14,9964,9965],{},"In this form:",[21,9967,9968,9976],{},[24,9969,9970,9972,9973],{},[52,9971,7263],{}," becomes the string key ",[52,9974,9975],{},"'name'",[24,9977,9978,9972,9980],{},[52,9979,8896],{},[52,9981,9982],{},"'age'",[14,9984,9985],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[14,9987,9988],{},"Valid examples:",[45,9990,9992],{"className":47,"code":9991,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[52,9993,9994,10032],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,9995,9996,9998,10000,10002,10004,10007,10009,10011,10014,10016,10018,10021,10023,10025,10028,10030],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,9997,8763],{"class":61},[55,9999,66],{"class":65},[55,10001,8768],{"class":850},[55,10003,120],{"class":69},[55,10005,10006],{"class":8773},"city",[55,10008,66],{"class":65},[55,10010,2889],{"class":73},[55,10012,10013],{"class":77},"Paris",[55,10015,2889],{"class":73},[55,10017,83],{"class":69},[55,10019,10020],{"class":8773}," country",[55,10022,66],{"class":65},[55,10024,2889],{"class":73},[55,10026,10027],{"class":77},"France",[55,10029,2889],{"class":73},[55,10031,103],{"class":69},[55,10033,10034,10036,10038,10040],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10035,117],{"class":116},[55,10037,120],{"class":69},[55,10039,8802],{"class":123},[55,10041,103],{"class":69},[14,10043,10044],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[21,10046,10047,10050,10053],{},[24,10048,10049],{},"spaces",[24,10051,10052],{},"hyphens",[24,10054,10055],{},"names that start with numbers",[14,10057,10058,10059,10062],{},"For example, this is ",[3332,10060,10061],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[45,10064,10066],{"className":47,"code":10065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[52,10067,10068],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10069,10070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10071,10065],{"class":137},[14,10073,10074],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[45,10076,10078],{"className":47,"code":10077,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[52,10079,10080,10123],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10081,10082,10084,10086,10089,10091,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106,10108,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10083,8763],{"class":61},[55,10085,66],{"class":65},[55,10087,10088],{"class":69}," {",[55,10090,2889],{"class":73},[55,10092,10093],{"class":77},"first-name",[55,10095,2889],{"class":73},[55,10097,854],{"class":69},[55,10099,2884],{"class":73},[55,10101,7272],{"class":77},[55,10103,2889],{"class":73},[55,10105,83],{"class":69},[55,10107,2884],{"class":73},[55,10109,10110],{"class":77},"first name",[55,10112,2889],{"class":73},[55,10114,854],{"class":69},[55,10116,2884],{"class":73},[55,10118,7272],{"class":77},[55,10120,2889],{"class":73},[55,10122,8906],{"class":69},[55,10124,10125,10127,10129,10131],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10126,117],{"class":116},[55,10128,120],{"class":69},[55,10130,8802],{"class":123},[55,10132,103],{"class":69},[14,10134,10135],{},[3332,10136,314],{},[45,10138,10140],{"className":47,"code":10139,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[52,10141,10142],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10143,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166,10168,10170,10172,10174,10176],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10145,8875],{"class":69},[55,10147,2889],{"class":73},[55,10149,10093],{"class":77},[55,10151,2889],{"class":73},[55,10153,854],{"class":69},[55,10155,2884],{"class":73},[55,10157,7272],{"class":77},[55,10159,2889],{"class":73},[55,10161,83],{"class":69},[55,10163,2884],{"class":73},[55,10165,10110],{"class":77},[55,10167,2889],{"class":73},[55,10169,854],{"class":69},[55,10171,2884],{"class":73},[55,10173,7272],{"class":77},[55,10175,2889],{"class":73},[55,10177,8906],{"class":69},[37,10179,10181,10183,10184],{"id":10180},"dict-vs",[52,10182,8717],{}," vs ",[52,10185,3382],{},[14,10187,10188,10189,3983,10191,10193],{},"Both ",[52,10190,8717],{},[52,10192,3382],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[1425,10195,1440,10197,10199],{"id":10196},"use-when",[52,10198,3382],{}," when:",[21,10201,10202,10205],{},[24,10203,10204],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[24,10206,10207],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[45,10209,10210],{"className":47,"code":9424,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,10211,10212],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10213,10214,10216,10218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10215,8763],{"class":61},[55,10217,66],{"class":65},[55,10219,9435],{"class":69},[1425,10221,1440,10223,10199],{"id":10222},"use-dict-when",[52,10224,8717],{},[21,10226,10227,10230,10233],{},[24,10228,10229],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[24,10231,10232],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[24,10234,10235],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[45,10237,10239],{"className":47,"code":10238,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[52,10240,10241,10278],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10242,10243,10245,10247,10249,10251,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10244,8763],{"class":61},[55,10246,66],{"class":65},[55,10248,8768],{"class":850},[55,10250,9255],{"class":69},[55,10252,2889],{"class":73},[55,10254,194],{"class":77},[55,10256,2889],{"class":73},[55,10258,83],{"class":69},[55,10260,5090],{"class":130},[55,10262,8831],{"class":69},[55,10264,70],{"class":69},[55,10266,2889],{"class":73},[55,10268,786],{"class":77},[55,10270,2889],{"class":73},[55,10272,83],{"class":69},[55,10274,976],{"class":130},[55,10276,10277],{"class":69},")])\n",[55,10279,10280,10283,10285,10287,10289,10291,10293,10295,10297,10299,10301,10303,10305,10307],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10281,10282],{"class":61},"info ",[55,10284,66],{"class":65},[55,10286,8768],{"class":850},[55,10288,120],{"class":69},[55,10290,7263],{"class":8773},[55,10292,66],{"class":65},[55,10294,2889],{"class":73},[55,10296,4595],{"class":77},[55,10298,2889],{"class":73},[55,10300,83],{"class":69},[55,10302,8786],{"class":8773},[55,10304,66],{"class":65},[55,10306,8791],{"class":130},[55,10308,103],{"class":69},[14,10310,10311],{},"So:",[21,10313,10314,10319],{},[24,10315,10316,10318],{},[52,10317,3382],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[24,10320,10321,10323],{},[52,10322,8717],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[14,10325,10326,10327,10331,10332,198],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[194,10328,10330],{"href":10329},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[194,10333,10335,10336,10339],{"href":10334},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[52,10337,10338],{},"get()"," method",[37,10341,10343],{"id":10342},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[14,10345,10346,10347,198],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[52,10348,8717],{},[1425,10350,10352],{"id":10351},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[14,10354,4116],{},[45,10356,10358],{"className":47,"code":10357,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[52,10359,10360,10384],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10361,10362,10364,10366,10368,10370,10372,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10363,7375],{"class":61},[55,10365,66],{"class":65},[55,10367,3211],{"class":69},[55,10369,2889],{"class":73},[55,10371,194],{"class":77},[55,10373,2889],{"class":73},[55,10375,83],{"class":69},[55,10377,2884],{"class":73},[55,10379,786],{"class":77},[55,10381,2889],{"class":73},[55,10383,386],{"class":69},[55,10385,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10387,8763],{"class":61},[55,10389,66],{"class":65},[55,10391,8768],{"class":850},[55,10393,120],{"class":69},[55,10395,7404],{"class":123},[55,10397,103],{"class":69},[14,10399,10400,10401,198],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[52,10402,10403],{},"('a', 1)",[14,10405,10406],{},"Correct version:",[45,10408,10410],{"className":47,"code":10409,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[52,10411,10412,10446,10460],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10413,10414,10416,10418,10420,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10415,7375],{"class":61},[55,10417,66],{"class":65},[55,10419,8818],{"class":69},[55,10421,2889],{"class":73},[55,10423,194],{"class":77},[55,10425,2889],{"class":73},[55,10427,83],{"class":69},[55,10429,5090],{"class":130},[55,10431,8831],{"class":69},[55,10433,70],{"class":69},[55,10435,2889],{"class":73},[55,10437,786],{"class":77},[55,10439,2889],{"class":73},[55,10441,83],{"class":69},[55,10443,976],{"class":130},[55,10445,8846],{"class":69},[55,10447,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10449,8763],{"class":61},[55,10451,66],{"class":65},[55,10453,8768],{"class":850},[55,10455,120],{"class":69},[55,10457,7404],{"class":123},[55,10459,103],{"class":69},[55,10461,10462,10464,10466,10468],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,10463,117],{"class":116},[55,10465,120],{"class":69},[55,10467,8802],{"class":123},[55,10469,103],{"class":69},[1425,10471,10473],{"id":10472},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[14,10475,10476],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[45,10478,10480],{"className":47,"code":10479,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[52,10481,10482],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10483,10484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10485,10479],{"class":137},[14,10487,10488,10489,854],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[52,10490,66],{},[45,10492,10494],{"className":47,"code":10493,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[52,10495,10496,10518],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10497,10498,10500,10502,10504,10506,10508,10510,10512,10514,10516],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10499,8763],{"class":61},[55,10501,66],{"class":65},[55,10503,8768],{"class":850},[55,10505,120],{"class":69},[55,10507,7263],{"class":8773},[55,10509,66],{"class":65},[55,10511,2889],{"class":73},[55,10513,4595],{"class":77},[55,10515,2889],{"class":73},[55,10517,103],{"class":69},[55,10519,10520,10522,10524,10526],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10521,117],{"class":116},[55,10523,120],{"class":69},[55,10525,8802],{"class":123},[55,10527,103],{"class":69},[1425,10529,10531],{"id":10530},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[14,10533,10534],{},"This will not work:",[45,10536,10537],{"className":47,"code":10065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,10538,10539],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10540,10541],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10542,10065],{"class":137},[14,10544,10545],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[45,10547,10549],{"className":47,"code":10548,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[52,10550,10551,10575],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10552,10553,10555,10557,10559,10561,10563,10565,10567,10569,10571,10573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10554,8763],{"class":61},[55,10556,66],{"class":65},[55,10558,10088],{"class":69},[55,10560,2889],{"class":73},[55,10562,10093],{"class":77},[55,10564,2889],{"class":73},[55,10566,854],{"class":69},[55,10568,2884],{"class":73},[55,10570,7272],{"class":77},[55,10572,2889],{"class":73},[55,10574,8906],{"class":69},[55,10576,10577,10579,10581,10583],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10578,117],{"class":116},[55,10580,120],{"class":69},[55,10582,8802],{"class":123},[55,10584,103],{"class":69},[1425,10586,10588],{"id":10587},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[14,10590,10591],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[45,10593,10595],{"className":47,"code":10594,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[52,10596,10597,10633],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10598,10599,10601,10603,10605,10607,10609,10611,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10600,8763],{"class":61},[55,10602,66],{"class":65},[55,10604,8768],{"class":850},[55,10606,9255],{"class":69},[55,10608,2889],{"class":73},[55,10610,1757],{"class":77},[55,10612,2889],{"class":73},[55,10614,83],{"class":69},[55,10616,5090],{"class":130},[55,10618,8831],{"class":69},[55,10620,70],{"class":69},[55,10622,2889],{"class":73},[55,10624,1757],{"class":77},[55,10626,2889],{"class":73},[55,10628,83],{"class":69},[55,10630,976],{"class":130},[55,10632,10277],{"class":69},[55,10634,10635,10637,10639,10641],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10636,117],{"class":116},[55,10638,120],{"class":69},[55,10640,8802],{"class":123},[55,10642,103],{"class":69},[14,10644,10645],{},[3332,10646,314],{},[45,10648,10650],{"className":47,"code":10649,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'x': 2}\n",[52,10651,10652],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10653,10654,10656,10658,10660,10662,10664,10666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10655,8875],{"class":69},[55,10657,2889],{"class":73},[55,10659,1757],{"class":77},[55,10661,2889],{"class":73},[55,10663,854],{"class":69},[55,10665,976],{"class":130},[55,10667,8906],{"class":69},[14,10669,10670,10671,198],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[194,10672,10674],{"href":10673},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[37,10676,1298],{"id":1297},[14,10678,10679,10680,10682],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[52,10681,8717],{}," include:",[21,10684,10685,10694,10700,10703],{},[24,10686,10687,10688,1309,10691],{},"passing a list like ",[52,10689,10690],{},"['a', 'b']",[52,10692,10693],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[24,10695,10696,10697],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[52,10698,10699],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[24,10701,10702],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[24,10704,10705,10706,10708],{},"confusing ",[52,10707,8717],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[14,10710,10711],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[45,10713,10715],{"className":47,"code":10714,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[52,10716,10717,10731,10741,10752],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10718,10719,10721,10723,10725,10727,10729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10720,117],{"class":116},[55,10722,120],{"class":69},[55,10724,1396],{"class":850},[55,10726,120],{"class":69},[55,10728,8802],{"class":123},[55,10730,1357],{"class":69},[55,10732,10733,10735,10737,10739],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10734,117],{"class":116},[55,10736,120],{"class":69},[55,10738,8802],{"class":123},[55,10740,103],{"class":69},[55,10742,10743,10745,10747,10750],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,10744,117],{"class":116},[55,10746,120],{"class":69},[55,10748,10749],{"class":123},"list_of_pairs",[55,10751,103],{"class":69},[55,10753,10754,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,10755,117],{"class":116},[55,10757,120],{"class":69},[55,10759,940],{"class":116},[55,10761,120],{"class":69},[55,10763,10749],{"class":123},[55,10765,1357],{"class":69},[14,10767,10768],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[21,10770,10771,10774,10777],{},[24,10772,10773],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[24,10775,10776],{},"what data is being passed in",[24,10778,10779],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[37,10781,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,10783,4771,10785,3983,10787,2078],{"id":10784},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[52,10786,8717],{},[52,10788,3382],{},[14,10790,10791,10793,10794,10796],{},[52,10792,3382],{}," is the short literal form. ",[52,10795,8717],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[1425,10798,4761,10800,10802],{"id":10799},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[52,10801,8717],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[14,10804,10805,10806,198],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[52,10807,10693],{},[1425,10809,4749,10811,10814],{"id":10810},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[52,10812,10813],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[14,10816,10817],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[1425,10819,10821,10822,10824],{"id":10820},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[52,10823,8717],{}," keyword arguments?",[14,10826,10827,10828,10831],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[52,10829,10830],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[37,10833,1495],{"id":1494},[21,10835,10836,10841,10845,10850,10856],{},[24,10837,10838],{},[194,10839,10840],{"href":8988},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[24,10842,10843],{},[194,10844,8753],{"href":8752},[24,10846,10847],{},[194,10848,10849],{"href":10329},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[24,10851,10852],{},[194,10853,10335,10854,10339],{"href":10334},[52,10855,10338],{},[24,10857,10858],{},[194,10859,10860],{"href":10673},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1524,10862,10863],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":10865},[10866,10868,10874,10875,10876,10877,10884,10890,10891,10901],{"id":8942,"depth":106,"text":10867},"What dict() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":10869},[10870,10871,10872,10873],{"id":8999,"depth":113,"text":9000},{"id":9041,"depth":113,"text":9042},{"id":9145,"depth":113,"text":9146},{"id":9235,"depth":113,"text":9236},{"id":9347,"depth":106,"text":9000},{"id":9451,"depth":106,"text":9452},{"id":9874,"depth":106,"text":9875},{"id":10180,"depth":106,"text":10878,"children":10879},"dict() vs {}",[10880,10882],{"id":10196,"depth":113,"text":10881},"Use {} when:",{"id":10222,"depth":113,"text":10883},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10342,"depth":106,"text":10343,"children":10885},[10886,10887,10888,10889],{"id":10351,"depth":113,"text":10352},{"id":10472,"depth":113,"text":10473},{"id":10530,"depth":113,"text":10531},{"id":10587,"depth":113,"text":10588},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":10892},[10893,10895,10897,10899],{"id":10784,"depth":113,"text":10894},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10799,"depth":113,"text":10896},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10810,"depth":113,"text":10898},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10820,"depth":113,"text":10900},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8709,"description":10902},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10909,"title":10910,"body":10911,"description":12422,"extension":1546,"meta":12423,"navigation":109,"path":12424,"seo":12425,"stem":12426,"__hash__":12427},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10912,"toc":12391},[10913,10921,10927,10934,10936,10997,11002,11007,11012,11030,11033,11037,11039,11055,11057,11070,11074,11077,11211,11213,11280,11283,11299,11305,11311,11314,11396,11398,11412,11416,11422,11487,11489,11497,11500,11523,11529,11592,11598,11601,11615,11628,11632,11643,11648,11659,11666,11670,11676,11798,11800,11826,11829,11846,11849,11960,11962,12011,12013,12026,12035,12040,12045,12056,12058,12161,12184,12186,12190,12209,12212,12270,12273,12299,12301,12308,12311,12317,12321,12328,12336,12342,12345,12347,12388],[10,10914,10916,10917,10920],{"id":10915},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[52,10918,10919],{},"clear()"," Method",[14,10922,10923,10926],{},[52,10924,10925],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[14,10928,10929,10930,10933],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3332,10931,10932],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[37,10935,1588],{"id":1587},[45,10937,10939],{"className":47,"code":10938,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[52,10940,10941,10973,10984],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,10942,10943,10945,10947,10949,10951,10953,10955,10957,10959,10961,10963,10965,10967,10969,10971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,10944,8763],{"class":61},[55,10946,66],{"class":65},[55,10948,10088],{"class":69},[55,10950,74],{"class":73},[55,10952,194],{"class":77},[55,10954,74],{"class":73},[55,10956,854],{"class":69},[55,10958,5090],{"class":130},[55,10960,83],{"class":69},[55,10962,86],{"class":73},[55,10964,786],{"class":77},[55,10966,74],{"class":73},[55,10968,854],{"class":69},[55,10970,976],{"class":130},[55,10972,8906],{"class":69},[55,10974,10975,10977,10979,10982],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,10976,8802],{"class":61},[55,10978,198],{"class":69},[55,10980,10981],{"class":123},"clear",[55,10983,8239],{"class":69},[55,10985,10986,10988,10990,10992,10994],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,10987,117],{"class":116},[55,10989,120],{"class":69},[55,10991,8802],{"class":123},[55,10993,970],{"class":69},[55,10995,10996],{"class":137},"  # {}\n",[14,10998,10999,11001],{},[52,11000,10919],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[37,11003,3265,11005,3268],{"id":11004},"what-clear-does",[52,11006,10919],{},[14,11008,1563,11009,11011],{},[52,11010,10919],{}," method:",[21,11013,11014,11017,11020,11025],{},[24,11015,11016],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[24,11018,11019],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[24,11021,11022,11023],{},"Returns ",[52,11024,3368],{},[24,11026,11027,11028],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[52,11029,3382],{},[14,11031,11032],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[14,11034,8749,11035,198],{},[194,11036,8753],{"href":8752},[37,11038,1740],{"id":1739},[45,11040,11042],{"className":47,"code":11041,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict.clear()\n",[52,11043,11044],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11045,11046,11049,11051,11053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11047,11048],{"class":61},"my_dict",[55,11050,198],{"class":69},[55,11052,10981],{"class":123},[55,11054,8239],{"class":69},[14,11056,211],{},[21,11058,11059,11064,11067],{},[24,11060,11061,11063],{},[52,11062,10919],{}," takes no arguments",[24,11065,11066],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[24,11068,11069],{},"It empties that dictionary",[37,11071,11073],{"id":11072},"simple-example","Simple example",[14,11075,11076],{},"Here is a basic example:",[45,11078,11080],{"className":47,"code":11079,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[52,11081,11082,11092,11113,11127,11144,11148,11152,11172,11176,11187,11191],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11083,11084,11087,11089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11085,11086],{"class":61},"user ",[55,11088,66],{"class":65},[55,11090,11091],{"class":69}," {\n",[55,11093,11094,11097,11099,11101,11103,11105,11108,11110],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11095,11096],{"class":73},"    \"",[55,11098,7263],{"class":77},[55,11100,74],{"class":73},[55,11102,854],{"class":69},[55,11104,86],{"class":73},[55,11106,11107],{"class":77},"Maya",[55,11109,74],{"class":73},[55,11111,11112],{"class":69},",\n",[55,11114,11115,11117,11119,11121,11123,11125],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,11116,11096],{"class":73},[55,11118,8896],{"class":77},[55,11120,74],{"class":73},[55,11122,854],{"class":69},[55,11124,8903],{"class":130},[55,11126,11112],{"class":69},[55,11128,11129,11131,11133,11135,11137,11139,11142],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,11130,11096],{"class":73},[55,11132,10006],{"class":77},[55,11134,74],{"class":73},[55,11136,854],{"class":69},[55,11138,86],{"class":73},[55,11140,11141],{"class":77},"Berlin",[55,11143,1288],{"class":73},[55,11145,11146],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,11147,8906],{"class":69},[55,11149,11150],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,11151,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11153,11154,11156,11158,11160,11163,11165,11167,11170],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,11155,117],{"class":116},[55,11157,120],{"class":69},[55,11159,74],{"class":73},[55,11161,11162],{"class":77},"Before:",[55,11164,74],{"class":73},[55,11166,83],{"class":69},[55,11168,11169],{"class":123}," user",[55,11171,103],{"class":69},[55,11173,11174],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,11175,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11177,11178,11181,11183,11185],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,11179,11180],{"class":61},"user",[55,11182,198],{"class":69},[55,11184,10981],{"class":123},[55,11186,8239],{"class":69},[55,11188,11189],{"class":57,"line":6031},[55,11190,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11192,11194,11196,11198,11200,11203,11205,11207,11209],{"class":57,"line":11193},11,[55,11195,117],{"class":116},[55,11197,120],{"class":69},[55,11199,74],{"class":73},[55,11201,11202],{"class":77},"After:",[55,11204,74],{"class":73},[55,11206,83],{"class":69},[55,11208,11169],{"class":123},[55,11210,103],{"class":69},[14,11212,5152],{},[45,11214,11216],{"className":47,"code":11215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[52,11217,11218,11271],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11219,11220,11223,11225,11227,11229,11231,11233,11235,11237,11239,11241,11243,11245,11247,11249,11251,11253,11255,11257,11259,11261,11263,11265,11267,11269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11221,11222],{"class":61},"Before",[55,11224,854],{"class":69},[55,11226,10088],{"class":69},[55,11228,2889],{"class":73},[55,11230,7263],{"class":77},[55,11232,2889],{"class":73},[55,11234,854],{"class":69},[55,11236,2884],{"class":73},[55,11238,11107],{"class":77},[55,11240,2889],{"class":73},[55,11242,83],{"class":69},[55,11244,2884],{"class":73},[55,11246,8896],{"class":77},[55,11248,2889],{"class":73},[55,11250,854],{"class":69},[55,11252,8903],{"class":130},[55,11254,83],{"class":69},[55,11256,2884],{"class":73},[55,11258,10006],{"class":77},[55,11260,2889],{"class":73},[55,11262,854],{"class":69},[55,11264,2884],{"class":73},[55,11266,11141],{"class":77},[55,11268,2889],{"class":73},[55,11270,8906],{"class":69},[55,11272,11273,11276,11278],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11274,11275],{"class":61},"After",[55,11277,854],{"class":69},[55,11279,9435],{"class":69},[14,11281,11282],{},"What happens here:",[21,11284,11285,11290,11296],{},[24,11286,11287,11289],{},[52,11288,11180],{}," starts with three items",[24,11291,11292,11295],{},[52,11293,11294],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[24,11297,11298],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[37,11300,3265,11302,11304],{"id":11301},"what-clear-returns",[52,11303,10919],{}," returns",[14,11306,11307,1981,11309,198],{},[52,11308,10919],{},[52,11310,3368],{},[14,11312,11313],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[45,11315,11317],{"className":47,"code":11316,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[52,11318,11319,11353,11357,11372,11376,11386],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11320,11321,11324,11326,11328,11330,11332,11334,11336,11338,11340,11342,11345,11347,11349,11351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11322,11323],{"class":61},"my_dict ",[55,11325,66],{"class":65},[55,11327,10088],{"class":69},[55,11329,74],{"class":73},[55,11331,1757],{"class":77},[55,11333,74],{"class":73},[55,11335,854],{"class":69},[55,11337,5090],{"class":130},[55,11339,83],{"class":69},[55,11341,86],{"class":73},[55,11343,11344],{"class":77},"y",[55,11346,74],{"class":73},[55,11348,854],{"class":69},[55,11350,976],{"class":130},[55,11352,8906],{"class":69},[55,11354,11355],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11356,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11358,11359,11361,11363,11366,11368,11370],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,11360,1814],{"class":61},[55,11362,66],{"class":65},[55,11364,11365],{"class":61}," my_dict",[55,11367,198],{"class":69},[55,11369,10981],{"class":123},[55,11371,8239],{"class":69},[55,11373,11374],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,11375,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11377,11378,11380,11382,11384],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,11379,117],{"class":116},[55,11381,120],{"class":69},[55,11383,1849],{"class":123},[55,11385,103],{"class":69},[55,11387,11388,11390,11392,11394],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,11389,117],{"class":116},[55,11391,120],{"class":69},[55,11393,11048],{"class":123},[55,11395,103],{"class":69},[14,11397,314],{},[45,11399,11401],{"className":47,"code":11400,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"None\n{}\n",[52,11402,11403,11408],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11404,11405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11406,11407],{"class":3443},"None\n",[55,11409,11410],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11411,9032],{"class":69},[1425,11413,11415],{"id":11414},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[14,11417,11418,11419,11421],{},"Do ",[3332,11420,4222],{}," do this:",[45,11423,11425],{"className":47,"code":11424,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[52,11426,11427,11459,11473,11477],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11428,11429,11431,11433,11435,11437,11439,11441,11443,11445,11447,11449,11451,11453,11455,11457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11430,11323],{"class":61},[55,11432,66],{"class":65},[55,11434,10088],{"class":69},[55,11436,74],{"class":73},[55,11438,1757],{"class":77},[55,11440,74],{"class":73},[55,11442,854],{"class":69},[55,11444,5090],{"class":130},[55,11446,83],{"class":69},[55,11448,86],{"class":73},[55,11450,11344],{"class":77},[55,11452,74],{"class":73},[55,11454,854],{"class":69},[55,11456,976],{"class":130},[55,11458,8906],{"class":69},[55,11460,11461,11463,11465,11467,11469,11471],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11462,11323],{"class":61},[55,11464,66],{"class":65},[55,11466,11365],{"class":61},[55,11468,198],{"class":69},[55,11470,10981],{"class":123},[55,11472,8239],{"class":69},[55,11474,11475],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,11476,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11478,11479,11481,11483,11485],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,11480,117],{"class":116},[55,11482,120],{"class":69},[55,11484,11048],{"class":123},[55,11486,103],{"class":69},[14,11488,314],{},[45,11490,11491],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,11492,11493],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11494,11495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11496,11407],{"class":3443},[14,11498,11499],{},"Why this happens:",[21,11501,11502,11508,11513],{},[24,11503,11504,11507],{},[52,11505,11506],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[24,11509,11510,11511],{},"The method returns ",[52,11512,3368],{},[24,11514,11515,11516,11519,11520,11522],{},"Then ",[52,11517,11518],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[52,11521,3368],{}," in the variable",[14,11524,11525,11526,11528],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[52,11527,10919],{}," by itself:",[45,11530,11532],{"className":47,"code":11531,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[52,11533,11534,11566,11576,11580],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11535,11536,11538,11540,11542,11544,11546,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11537,11323],{"class":61},[55,11539,66],{"class":65},[55,11541,10088],{"class":69},[55,11543,74],{"class":73},[55,11545,1757],{"class":77},[55,11547,74],{"class":73},[55,11549,854],{"class":69},[55,11551,5090],{"class":130},[55,11553,83],{"class":69},[55,11555,86],{"class":73},[55,11557,11344],{"class":77},[55,11559,74],{"class":73},[55,11561,854],{"class":69},[55,11563,976],{"class":130},[55,11565,8906],{"class":69},[55,11567,11568,11570,11572,11574],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11569,11048],{"class":61},[55,11571,198],{"class":69},[55,11573,10981],{"class":123},[55,11575,8239],{"class":69},[55,11577,11578],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,11579,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11581,11582,11584,11586,11588,11590],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,11583,117],{"class":116},[55,11585,120],{"class":69},[55,11587,11048],{"class":123},[55,11589,970],{"class":69},[55,11591,10996],{"class":137},[37,11593,11595,11597],{"id":11594},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[52,11596,10919],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[14,11599,11600],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[45,11602,11603],{"className":47,"code":11041,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,11604,11605],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11606,11607,11609,11611,11613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11608,11048],{"class":61},[55,11610,198],{"class":69},[55,11612,10981],{"class":123},[55,11614,8239],{"class":69},[45,11616,11618],{"className":47,"code":11617,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {}\n",[52,11619,11620],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11621,11622,11624,11626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11623,11323],{"class":61},[55,11625,66],{"class":65},[55,11627,9435],{"class":69},[1425,11629,11630],{"id":10981},[52,11631,10919],{},[21,11633,11634,11637,11640],{},[24,11635,11636],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[24,11638,11639],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[24,11641,11642],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[1425,11644,11645],{"id":11048},[52,11646,11647],{},"my_dict = {}",[21,11649,11650,11653,11656],{},[24,11651,11652],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[24,11654,11655],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[24,11657,11658],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[14,11660,11661,11662,198],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[194,11663,11665],{"href":11664},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[37,11667,11669],{"id":11668},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[14,11671,11672,11673,11675],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[52,11674,10919],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[45,11677,11679],{"className":47,"code":11678,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[52,11680,11681,11714,11724,11728,11739,11743,11763,11783],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11682,11683,11686,11688,11690,11692,11694,11696,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11684,11685],{"class":61},"original ",[55,11687,66],{"class":65},[55,11689,10088],{"class":69},[55,11691,74],{"class":73},[55,11693,194],{"class":77},[55,11695,74],{"class":73},[55,11697,854],{"class":69},[55,11699,5090],{"class":130},[55,11701,83],{"class":69},[55,11703,86],{"class":73},[55,11705,786],{"class":77},[55,11707,74],{"class":73},[55,11709,854],{"class":69},[55,11711,976],{"class":130},[55,11713,8906],{"class":69},[55,11715,11716,11719,11721],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11717,11718],{"class":61},"other_ref ",[55,11720,66],{"class":65},[55,11722,11723],{"class":61}," original\n",[55,11725,11726],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,11727,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11729,11730,11733,11735,11737],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,11731,11732],{"class":61},"original",[55,11734,198],{"class":69},[55,11736,10981],{"class":123},[55,11738,8239],{"class":69},[55,11740,11741],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,11742,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11744,11745,11747,11749,11751,11754,11756,11758,11761],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,11746,117],{"class":116},[55,11748,120],{"class":69},[55,11750,74],{"class":73},[55,11752,11753],{"class":77},"original:",[55,11755,74],{"class":73},[55,11757,83],{"class":69},[55,11759,11760],{"class":123}," original",[55,11762,103],{"class":69},[55,11764,11765,11767,11769,11771,11774,11776,11778,11781],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,11766,117],{"class":116},[55,11768,120],{"class":69},[55,11770,74],{"class":73},[55,11772,11773],{"class":77},"other_ref:",[55,11775,74],{"class":73},[55,11777,83],{"class":69},[55,11779,11780],{"class":123}," other_ref",[55,11782,103],{"class":69},[55,11784,11785,11787,11789,11791,11794,11796],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,11786,117],{"class":116},[55,11788,120],{"class":69},[55,11790,11685],{"class":123},[55,11792,11793],{"class":959},"is",[55,11795,11780],{"class":123},[55,11797,103],{"class":69},[14,11799,314],{},[45,11801,11803],{"className":47,"code":11802,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[52,11804,11805,11813,11822],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11806,11807,11809,11811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11808,11732],{"class":61},[55,11810,854],{"class":69},[55,11812,9435],{"class":69},[55,11814,11815,11818,11820],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11816,11817],{"class":61},"other_ref",[55,11819,854],{"class":69},[55,11821,9435],{"class":69},[55,11823,11824],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,11825,3570],{"class":3443},[14,11827,11828],{},"This shows:",[21,11830,11831,11838,11843],{},[24,11832,11833,3983,11835,11837],{},[52,11834,11732],{},[52,11836,11817],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[24,11839,11840,11842],{},[52,11841,10919],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[24,11844,11845],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[14,11847,11848],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[45,11850,11852],{"className":47,"code":11851,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[52,11853,11854,11886,11894,11898,11906,11910,11928,11946],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11855,11856,11858,11860,11862,11864,11866,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11857,11685],{"class":61},[55,11859,66],{"class":65},[55,11861,10088],{"class":69},[55,11863,74],{"class":73},[55,11865,194],{"class":77},[55,11867,74],{"class":73},[55,11869,854],{"class":69},[55,11871,5090],{"class":130},[55,11873,83],{"class":69},[55,11875,86],{"class":73},[55,11877,786],{"class":77},[55,11879,74],{"class":73},[55,11881,854],{"class":69},[55,11883,976],{"class":130},[55,11885,8906],{"class":69},[55,11887,11888,11890,11892],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11889,11718],{"class":61},[55,11891,66],{"class":65},[55,11893,11723],{"class":61},[55,11895,11896],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,11897,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11899,11900,11902,11904],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,11901,11685],{"class":61},[55,11903,66],{"class":65},[55,11905,9435],{"class":69},[55,11907,11908],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,11909,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,11911,11912,11914,11916,11918,11920,11922,11924,11926],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,11913,117],{"class":116},[55,11915,120],{"class":69},[55,11917,74],{"class":73},[55,11919,11753],{"class":77},[55,11921,74],{"class":73},[55,11923,83],{"class":69},[55,11925,11760],{"class":123},[55,11927,103],{"class":69},[55,11929,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938,11940,11942,11944],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,11931,117],{"class":116},[55,11933,120],{"class":69},[55,11935,74],{"class":73},[55,11937,11773],{"class":77},[55,11939,74],{"class":73},[55,11941,83],{"class":69},[55,11943,11780],{"class":123},[55,11945,103],{"class":69},[55,11947,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956,11958],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,11949,117],{"class":116},[55,11951,120],{"class":69},[55,11953,11685],{"class":123},[55,11955,11793],{"class":959},[55,11957,11780],{"class":123},[55,11959,103],{"class":69},[14,11961,314],{},[45,11963,11965],{"className":47,"code":11964,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[52,11966,11967,11975,12007],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,11968,11969,11971,11973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,11970,11732],{"class":61},[55,11972,854],{"class":69},[55,11974,9435],{"class":69},[55,11976,11977,11979,11981,11983,11985,11987,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,11978,11817],{"class":61},[55,11980,854],{"class":69},[55,11982,10088],{"class":69},[55,11984,2889],{"class":73},[55,11986,194],{"class":77},[55,11988,2889],{"class":73},[55,11990,854],{"class":69},[55,11992,5090],{"class":130},[55,11994,83],{"class":69},[55,11996,2884],{"class":73},[55,11998,786],{"class":77},[55,12000,2889],{"class":73},[55,12002,854],{"class":69},[55,12004,976],{"class":130},[55,12006,8906],{"class":69},[55,12008,12009],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,12010,3631],{"class":3443},[14,12012,1762],{},[21,12014,12015,12021],{},[24,12016,12017,12020],{},[52,12018,12019],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[24,12022,12023,12025],{},[52,12024,11817],{}," still points to the old one",[14,12027,12028,12029,198],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[194,12030,12032],{"href":12031},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[52,12033,12034],{},"dict.copy()",[37,12036,4553,12038],{"id":12037},"when-to-use-clear",[52,12039,10919],{},[14,12041,12042,12044],{},[52,12043,10919],{}," is useful when you want to:",[21,12046,12047,12050,12053],{},[24,12048,12049],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[24,12051,12052],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[24,12054,12055],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[14,12057,233],{},[45,12059,12061],{"className":47,"code":12060,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[52,12062,12063,12072,12088,12108,12121,12125,12129,12134,12145,12149],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12064,12065,12068,12070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12066,12067],{"class":61},"session_data ",[55,12069,66],{"class":65},[55,12071,11091],{"class":69},[55,12073,12074,12076,12079,12081,12083,12086],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,12075,11096],{"class":73},[55,12077,12078],{"class":77},"user_id",[55,12080,74],{"class":73},[55,12082,854],{"class":69},[55,12084,12085],{"class":130}," 101",[55,12087,11112],{"class":69},[55,12089,12090,12092,12095,12097,12099,12101,12104,12106],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,12091,11096],{"class":73},[55,12093,12094],{"class":77},"theme",[55,12096,74],{"class":73},[55,12098,854],{"class":69},[55,12100,86],{"class":73},[55,12102,12103],{"class":77},"dark",[55,12105,74],{"class":73},[55,12107,11112],{"class":69},[55,12109,12110,12112,12115,12117,12119],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,12111,11096],{"class":73},[55,12113,12114],{"class":77},"logged_in",[55,12116,74],{"class":73},[55,12118,854],{"class":69},[55,12120,6017],{"class":3443},[55,12122,12123],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,12124,8906],{"class":69},[55,12126,12127],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,12128,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,12130,12131],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,12132,12133],{"class":137},"# Reset for a new session\n",[55,12135,12136,12139,12141,12143],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,12137,12138],{"class":61},"session_data",[55,12140,198],{"class":69},[55,12142,10981],{"class":123},[55,12144,8239],{"class":69},[55,12146,12147],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,12148,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,12150,12151,12153,12155,12157,12159],{"class":57,"line":6031},[55,12152,117],{"class":116},[55,12154,120],{"class":69},[55,12156,12138],{"class":123},[55,12158,970],{"class":69},[55,12160,10996],{"class":137},[14,12162,12163,12164,12170,12171,198,12175,12177,12178,198],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[194,12165,12167],{"href":12166},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[52,12168,12169],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[194,12172,12174],{"href":12173},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9443,12176],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[194,12179,12181],{"href":12180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[52,12182,12183],{},"dict.popitem()",[37,12185,1298],{"id":1297},[14,12187,10346,12188,854],{},[52,12189,10919],{},[21,12191,12192,12198,12203,12206],{},[24,12193,12194,12195,12197],{},"Assigning the result of ",[52,12196,10919],{}," to a variable",[24,12199,8048,12200,12202],{},[52,12201,10919],{}," to return a new dictionary",[24,12204,12205],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[24,12207,12208],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[14,12210,12211],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[45,12213,12215],{"className":47,"code":12214,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[52,12216,12217,12227,12241,12256],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12218,12219,12221,12223,12225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12220,117],{"class":116},[55,12222,120],{"class":69},[55,12224,11048],{"class":123},[55,12226,103],{"class":69},[55,12228,12229,12231,12233,12235,12237,12239],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,12230,117],{"class":116},[55,12232,120],{"class":69},[55,12234,1396],{"class":850},[55,12236,120],{"class":69},[55,12238,11048],{"class":123},[55,12240,1357],{"class":69},[55,12242,12243,12245,12247,12250,12252,12254],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,12244,117],{"class":116},[55,12246,120],{"class":69},[55,12248,12249],{"class":116},"id",[55,12251,120],{"class":69},[55,12253,11048],{"class":123},[55,12255,1357],{"class":69},[55,12257,12258,12260,12262,12264,12266,12268],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,12259,117],{"class":116},[55,12261,120],{"class":69},[55,12263,11718],{"class":123},[55,12265,11793],{"class":959},[55,12267,11365],{"class":123},[55,12269,103],{"class":69},[14,12271,12272],{},"What these show:",[21,12274,12275,12281,12287,12293],{},[24,12276,12277,12280],{},[52,12278,12279],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[24,12282,12283,12286],{},[52,12284,12285],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[24,12288,12289,12292],{},[52,12290,12291],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[24,12294,12295,12298],{},[52,12296,12297],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[37,12300,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,12302,12304,12305,12307],{"id":12303},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[52,12306,10919],{}," delete the dictionary?",[14,12309,12310],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[1425,12312,4733,12314,12316],{"id":12313},"what-does-dictclear-return",[52,12315,10925],{}," return?",[14,12318,4739,12319,198],{},[52,12320,3368],{},[1425,12322,4771,12324,3983,12326,2078],{"id":12323},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[52,12325,10919],{},[52,12327,3382],{},[14,12329,12330,12332,12333,12335],{},[52,12331,10919],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[52,12334,3382],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[1425,12337,12304,12339,12341],{"id":12338},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[52,12340,10919],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[14,12343,12344],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[37,12346,1495],{"id":1494},[21,12348,12349,12353,12357,12364,12371,12378,12383],{},[24,12350,12351],{},[194,12352,8753],{"href":8752},[24,12354,12355],{},[194,12356,10840],{"href":8988},[24,12358,12359],{},[194,12360,10335,12361,10339],{"href":12166},[52,12362,12363],{},"pop()",[24,12365,12366],{},[194,12367,10335,12368,10339],{"href":12180},[52,12369,12370],{},"popitem()",[24,12372,12373],{},[194,12374,10335,12375,10339],{"href":12031},[52,12376,12377],{},"copy()",[24,12379,12380],{},[194,12381,12382],{"href":11664},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[24,12384,12385],{},[194,12386,12387],{"href":12173},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1524,12389,12390],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":12392},[12393,12394,12396,12397,12398,12402,12407,12408,12410,12411,12421],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":11004,"depth":106,"text":12395},"What clear() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":11301,"depth":106,"text":12399,"children":12400},"What clear() returns",[12401],{"id":11414,"depth":113,"text":11415},{"id":11594,"depth":106,"text":12403,"children":12404},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12405,12406],{"id":10981,"depth":113,"text":10919},{"id":11048,"depth":113,"text":11647},{"id":11668,"depth":106,"text":11669},{"id":12037,"depth":106,"text":12409},"When to use clear()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":12412},[12413,12415,12417,12419],{"id":12303,"depth":113,"text":12414},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12313,"depth":113,"text":12416},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12323,"depth":113,"text":12418},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12338,"depth":113,"text":12420},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10910,"description":12422},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12429,"title":12430,"body":12431,"description":14594,"extension":1546,"meta":14595,"navigation":109,"path":14596,"seo":14597,"stem":14598,"__hash__":14599},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12432,"toc":14566},[12433,12438,12443,12453,12455,12543,12547,12588,12593,12600,12618,12627,12629,12650,12653,12665,12667,12743,12747,12788,12790,12793,12919,12923,13003,13006,13024,13027,13031,13037,13039,13050,13052,13247,13251,13357,13360,13378,13381,13388,13393,13397,13411,13413,13540,13544,13624,13637,13643,13646,13654,13658,13784,13788,13862,13867,13998,14002,14076,14079,14093,14097,14101,14115,14117,14253,14257,14326,14328,14333,14355,14358,14465,14468,14479,14486,14488,14494,14497,14504,14507,14514,14522,14526,14529,14531,14563],[10,12434,10916,12436,10920],{"id":12435},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[52,12437,12377],{},[14,12439,12440,12442],{},[52,12441,12034],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[14,12444,12445,12446,12448,12449,12452],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[52,12447,12377],{}," makes a ",[3332,12450,12451],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[37,12454,1588],{"id":1587},[45,12456,12458],{"className":47,"code":12457,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[52,12459,12460,12497,12514,12518,12529],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12461,12462,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493,12495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12463,12464],{"class":61},"student ",[55,12466,66],{"class":65},[55,12468,10088],{"class":69},[55,12470,74],{"class":73},[55,12472,7263],{"class":77},[55,12474,74],{"class":73},[55,12476,854],{"class":69},[55,12478,86],{"class":73},[55,12480,645],{"class":77},[55,12482,74],{"class":73},[55,12484,83],{"class":69},[55,12486,86],{"class":73},[55,12488,8896],{"class":77},[55,12490,74],{"class":73},[55,12492,854],{"class":69},[55,12494,255],{"class":130},[55,12496,8906],{"class":69},[55,12498,12499,12502,12504,12507,12509,12512],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,12500,12501],{"class":61},"student_copy ",[55,12503,66],{"class":65},[55,12505,12506],{"class":61}," student",[55,12508,198],{"class":69},[55,12510,12511],{"class":123},"copy",[55,12513,8239],{"class":69},[55,12515,12516],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,12517,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,12519,12520,12522,12524,12527],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,12521,117],{"class":116},[55,12523,120],{"class":69},[55,12525,12526],{"class":123},"student_copy",[55,12528,103],{"class":69},[55,12530,12531,12533,12535,12537,12539,12541],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,12532,117],{"class":116},[55,12534,120],{"class":69},[55,12536,12501],{"class":123},[55,12538,11793],{"class":959},[55,12540,12506],{"class":123},[55,12542,103],{"class":69},[14,12544,12545],{},[3332,12546,314],{},[45,12548,12550],{"className":47,"code":12549,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[52,12551,12552,12584],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12553,12554,12556,12558,12560,12562,12564,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12555,8875],{"class":69},[55,12557,2889],{"class":73},[55,12559,7263],{"class":77},[55,12561,2889],{"class":73},[55,12563,854],{"class":69},[55,12565,2884],{"class":73},[55,12567,645],{"class":77},[55,12569,2889],{"class":73},[55,12571,83],{"class":69},[55,12573,2884],{"class":73},[55,12575,8896],{"class":77},[55,12577,2889],{"class":73},[55,12579,854],{"class":69},[55,12581,255],{"class":130},[55,12583,8906],{"class":69},[55,12585,12586],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,12587,3631],{"class":3443},[14,12589,1440,12590,12592],{},[52,12591,12377],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[37,12594,12596,12597,12599],{"id":12595},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[52,12598,12377],{}," method does",[21,12601,12602,12607,12610,12615],{},[24,12603,12604,12606],{},[52,12605,12034],{}," returns a new dictionary",[24,12608,12609],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[24,12611,12612,12613],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[52,12614,12377],{},[24,12616,12617],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[14,12619,12620,12621,2465,12624,198],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[194,12622,8753],{"href":12623},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[194,12625,8989],{"href":12626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[37,12628,1740],{"id":1739},[45,12630,12632],{"className":47,"code":12631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[52,12633,12634],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12635,12636,12639,12641,12644,12646,12648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12637,12638],{"class":61},"new_dict ",[55,12640,66],{"class":65},[55,12642,12643],{"class":61}," old_dict",[55,12645,198],{"class":69},[55,12647,12511],{"class":123},[55,12649,8239],{"class":69},[14,12651,12652],{},"Key points:",[21,12654,12655,12659,12662],{},[24,12656,12657,11063],{},[52,12658,12377],{},[24,12660,12661],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[24,12663,12664],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[14,12666,233],{},[45,12668,12670],{"className":47,"code":12669,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[52,12671,12672,12712,12728,12732],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12673,12674,12676,12678,12680,12682,12684,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12675,62],{"class":61},[55,12677,66],{"class":65},[55,12679,10088],{"class":69},[55,12681,74],{"class":73},[55,12683,194],{"class":77},[55,12685,74],{"class":73},[55,12687,854],{"class":69},[55,12689,86],{"class":73},[55,12691,78],{"class":77},[55,12693,74],{"class":73},[55,12695,83],{"class":69},[55,12697,86],{"class":73},[55,12699,786],{"class":77},[55,12701,74],{"class":73},[55,12703,854],{"class":69},[55,12705,86],{"class":73},[55,12707,98],{"class":77},[55,12709,74],{"class":73},[55,12711,8906],{"class":69},[55,12713,12714,12717,12719,12722,12724,12726],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,12715,12716],{"class":61},"new_colors ",[55,12718,66],{"class":65},[55,12720,12721],{"class":61}," colors",[55,12723,198],{"class":69},[55,12725,12511],{"class":123},[55,12727,8239],{"class":69},[55,12729,12730],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,12731,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,12733,12734,12736,12738,12741],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,12735,117],{"class":116},[55,12737,120],{"class":69},[55,12739,12740],{"class":123},"new_colors",[55,12742,103],{"class":69},[14,12744,12745],{},[3332,12746,314],{},[45,12748,12750],{"className":47,"code":12749,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[52,12751,12752],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12753,12754,12756,12758,12760,12762,12764,12766,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12755,8875],{"class":69},[55,12757,2889],{"class":73},[55,12759,194],{"class":77},[55,12761,2889],{"class":73},[55,12763,854],{"class":69},[55,12765,2884],{"class":73},[55,12767,78],{"class":77},[55,12769,2889],{"class":73},[55,12771,83],{"class":69},[55,12773,2884],{"class":73},[55,12775,786],{"class":77},[55,12777,2889],{"class":73},[55,12779,854],{"class":69},[55,12781,2884],{"class":73},[55,12783,98],{"class":77},[55,12785,2889],{"class":73},[55,12787,8906],{"class":69},[37,12789,11073],{"id":11072},[14,12791,12792],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[45,12794,12796],{"className":47,"code":12795,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[52,12797,12798,12836,12852,12856,12876,12880,12899],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12799,12800,12803,12805,12807,12809,12811,12813,12815,12817,12820,12822,12824,12826,12828,12830,12832,12834],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12801,12802],{"class":61},"person ",[55,12804,66],{"class":65},[55,12806,10088],{"class":69},[55,12808,74],{"class":73},[55,12810,7263],{"class":77},[55,12812,74],{"class":73},[55,12814,854],{"class":69},[55,12816,86],{"class":73},[55,12818,12819],{"class":77},"Liam",[55,12821,74],{"class":73},[55,12823,83],{"class":69},[55,12825,86],{"class":73},[55,12827,8896],{"class":77},[55,12829,74],{"class":73},[55,12831,854],{"class":69},[55,12833,8903],{"class":130},[55,12835,8906],{"class":69},[55,12837,12838,12841,12843,12846,12848,12850],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,12839,12840],{"class":61},"person_copy ",[55,12842,66],{"class":65},[55,12844,12845],{"class":61}," person",[55,12847,198],{"class":69},[55,12849,12511],{"class":123},[55,12851,8239],{"class":69},[55,12853,12854],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,12855,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,12857,12858,12861,12863,12865,12867,12869,12871,12873],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,12859,12860],{"class":61},"person_copy",[55,12862,127],{"class":69},[55,12864,74],{"class":73},[55,12866,8896],{"class":77},[55,12868,74],{"class":73},[55,12870,1277],{"class":69},[55,12872,1280],{"class":65},[55,12874,12875],{"class":130}," 26\n",[55,12877,12878],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,12879,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,12881,12882,12884,12886,12888,12891,12893,12895,12897],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,12883,117],{"class":116},[55,12885,120],{"class":69},[55,12887,74],{"class":73},[55,12889,12890],{"class":77},"Original:",[55,12892,74],{"class":73},[55,12894,83],{"class":69},[55,12896,12845],{"class":123},[55,12898,103],{"class":69},[55,12900,12901,12903,12905,12907,12910,12912,12914,12917],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,12902,117],{"class":116},[55,12904,120],{"class":69},[55,12906,74],{"class":73},[55,12908,12909],{"class":77},"Copy:",[55,12911,74],{"class":73},[55,12913,83],{"class":69},[55,12915,12916],{"class":123}," person_copy",[55,12918,103],{"class":69},[14,12920,12921],{},[3332,12922,314],{},[45,12924,12926],{"className":47,"code":12925,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[52,12927,12928,12965],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,12929,12930,12933,12935,12937,12939,12941,12943,12945,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,12931,12932],{"class":61},"Original",[55,12934,854],{"class":69},[55,12936,10088],{"class":69},[55,12938,2889],{"class":73},[55,12940,7263],{"class":77},[55,12942,2889],{"class":73},[55,12944,854],{"class":69},[55,12946,2884],{"class":73},[55,12948,12819],{"class":77},[55,12950,2889],{"class":73},[55,12952,83],{"class":69},[55,12954,2884],{"class":73},[55,12956,8896],{"class":77},[55,12958,2889],{"class":73},[55,12960,854],{"class":69},[55,12962,8903],{"class":130},[55,12964,8906],{"class":69},[55,12966,12967,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13001],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,12968,12969],{"class":61},"Copy",[55,12971,854],{"class":69},[55,12973,10088],{"class":69},[55,12975,2889],{"class":73},[55,12977,7263],{"class":77},[55,12979,2889],{"class":73},[55,12981,854],{"class":69},[55,12983,2884],{"class":73},[55,12985,12819],{"class":77},[55,12987,2889],{"class":73},[55,12989,83],{"class":69},[55,12991,2884],{"class":73},[55,12993,8896],{"class":77},[55,12995,2889],{"class":73},[55,12997,854],{"class":69},[55,12999,13000],{"class":130}," 26",[55,13002,8906],{"class":69},[14,13004,13005],{},"What happened here:",[21,13007,13008,13014,13021],{},[24,13009,13010,13013],{},[52,13011,13012],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[24,13015,13016,13017,13020],{},"Changing ",[52,13018,13019],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[24,13022,13023],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[14,13025,13026],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[37,13028,13030],{"id":13029},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[14,13032,13033,12448,13035,198],{},[52,13034,12377],{},[3332,13036,12451],{},[14,13038,1690],{},[21,13040,13041,13044,13047],{},[24,13042,13043],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[24,13045,13046],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[24,13048,13049],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[14,13051,233],{},[45,13053,13055],{"className":47,"code":13054,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[52,13056,13057,13065,13083,13106,13110,13114,13128,13132,13157,13161,13179,13198,13213],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,13058,13059,13061,13063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13060,12464],{"class":61},[55,13062,66],{"class":65},[55,13064,11091],{"class":69},[55,13066,13067,13069,13071,13073,13075,13077,13079,13081],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,13068,11096],{"class":73},[55,13070,7263],{"class":77},[55,13072,74],{"class":73},[55,13074,854],{"class":69},[55,13076,86],{"class":73},[55,13078,645],{"class":77},[55,13080,74],{"class":73},[55,13082,11112],{"class":69},[55,13084,13085,13087,13090,13092,13094,13096,13099,13101,13104],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,13086,11096],{"class":73},[55,13088,13089],{"class":77},"grades",[55,13091,74],{"class":73},[55,13093,854],{"class":69},[55,13095,3211],{"class":69},[55,13097,13098],{"class":130},"90",[55,13100,83],{"class":69},[55,13102,13103],{"class":130}," 85",[55,13105,386],{"class":69},[55,13107,13108],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,13109,8906],{"class":69},[55,13111,13112],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,13113,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13115,13116,13118,13120,13122,13124,13126],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,13117,12501],{"class":61},[55,13119,66],{"class":65},[55,13121,12506],{"class":61},[55,13123,198],{"class":69},[55,13125,12511],{"class":123},[55,13127,8239],{"class":69},[55,13129,13130],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,13131,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13133,13134,13136,13138,13140,13142,13144,13147,13150,13152,13155],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,13135,12526],{"class":61},[55,13137,127],{"class":69},[55,13139,74],{"class":73},[55,13141,13089],{"class":77},[55,13143,74],{"class":73},[55,13145,13146],{"class":69},"].",[55,13148,13149],{"class":123},"append",[55,13151,120],{"class":69},[55,13153,13154],{"class":130},"100",[55,13156,103],{"class":69},[55,13158,13159],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,13160,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13162,13163,13165,13167,13169,13171,13173,13175,13177],{"class":57,"line":6031},[55,13164,117],{"class":116},[55,13166,120],{"class":69},[55,13168,74],{"class":73},[55,13170,12890],{"class":77},[55,13172,74],{"class":73},[55,13174,83],{"class":69},[55,13176,12506],{"class":123},[55,13178,103],{"class":69},[55,13180,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13196],{"class":57,"line":11193},[55,13182,117],{"class":116},[55,13184,120],{"class":69},[55,13186,74],{"class":73},[55,13188,12909],{"class":77},[55,13190,74],{"class":73},[55,13192,83],{"class":69},[55,13194,13195],{"class":123}," student_copy",[55,13197,103],{"class":69},[55,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13209,13211],{"class":57,"line":13200},12,[55,13202,117],{"class":116},[55,13204,120],{"class":69},[55,13206,12464],{"class":123},[55,13208,11793],{"class":959},[55,13210,13195],{"class":123},[55,13212,103],{"class":69},[55,13214,13216,13218,13220,13223,13225,13227,13229,13231,13233,13235,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245],{"class":57,"line":13215},13,[55,13217,117],{"class":116},[55,13219,120],{"class":69},[55,13221,13222],{"class":123},"student",[55,13224,127],{"class":69},[55,13226,74],{"class":73},[55,13228,13089],{"class":77},[55,13230,74],{"class":73},[55,13232,1277],{"class":69},[55,13234,7691],{"class":959},[55,13236,13195],{"class":123},[55,13238,127],{"class":69},[55,13240,74],{"class":73},[55,13242,13089],{"class":77},[55,13244,74],{"class":73},[55,13246,282],{"class":69},[14,13248,13249],{},[3332,13250,314],{},[45,13252,13254],{"className":47,"code":13253,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[52,13255,13256,13303,13349,13353],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,13257,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13259,12932],{"class":61},[55,13261,854],{"class":69},[55,13263,10088],{"class":69},[55,13265,2889],{"class":73},[55,13267,7263],{"class":77},[55,13269,2889],{"class":73},[55,13271,854],{"class":69},[55,13273,2884],{"class":73},[55,13275,645],{"class":77},[55,13277,2889],{"class":73},[55,13279,83],{"class":69},[55,13281,2884],{"class":73},[55,13283,13089],{"class":77},[55,13285,2889],{"class":73},[55,13287,854],{"class":69},[55,13289,3211],{"class":69},[55,13291,13098],{"class":130},[55,13293,83],{"class":69},[55,13295,13103],{"class":130},[55,13297,83],{"class":69},[55,13299,9715],{"class":130},[55,13301,13302],{"class":69},"]}\n",[55,13304,13305,13307,13309,13311,13313,13315,13317,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,13306,12969],{"class":61},[55,13308,854],{"class":69},[55,13310,10088],{"class":69},[55,13312,2889],{"class":73},[55,13314,7263],{"class":77},[55,13316,2889],{"class":73},[55,13318,854],{"class":69},[55,13320,2884],{"class":73},[55,13322,645],{"class":77},[55,13324,2889],{"class":73},[55,13326,83],{"class":69},[55,13328,2884],{"class":73},[55,13330,13089],{"class":77},[55,13332,2889],{"class":73},[55,13334,854],{"class":69},[55,13336,3211],{"class":69},[55,13338,13098],{"class":130},[55,13340,83],{"class":69},[55,13342,13103],{"class":130},[55,13344,83],{"class":69},[55,13346,9715],{"class":130},[55,13348,13302],{"class":69},[55,13350,13351],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,13352,3631],{"class":3443},[55,13354,13355],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,13356,3570],{"class":3443},[14,13358,13359],{},"Notice the difference:",[21,13361,13362,13370],{},[24,13363,13364,4375,13367,13369],{},[52,13365,13366],{},"student is student_copy",[52,13368,3261],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[24,13371,13372,4375,13375,13377],{},[52,13373,13374],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[52,13376,3194],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[14,13379,13380],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[14,13382,13383,13384,198],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[194,13385,13387],{"href":13386},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[37,13389,4553,13391],{"id":13390},"when-to-use-copy",[52,13392,12377],{},[14,13394,1440,13395,10199],{},[52,13396,12377],{},[21,13398,13399,13402,13405,13408],{},[24,13400,13401],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[24,13403,13404],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[24,13406,13407],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[24,13409,13410],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[14,13412,233],{},[45,13414,13416],{"className":47,"code":13415,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[52,13417,13418,13457,13473,13477,13497,13501,13520],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,13419,13420,13423,13425,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13448,13450,13452,13455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13421,13422],{"class":61},"settings ",[55,13424,66],{"class":65},[55,13426,10088],{"class":69},[55,13428,74],{"class":73},[55,13430,12094],{"class":77},[55,13432,74],{"class":73},[55,13434,854],{"class":69},[55,13436,86],{"class":73},[55,13438,12103],{"class":77},[55,13440,74],{"class":73},[55,13442,83],{"class":69},[55,13444,86],{"class":73},[55,13446,13447],{"class":77},"font_size",[55,13449,74],{"class":73},[55,13451,854],{"class":69},[55,13453,13454],{"class":130}," 14",[55,13456,8906],{"class":69},[55,13458,13459,13462,13464,13467,13469,13471],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,13460,13461],{"class":61},"settings_backup ",[55,13463,66],{"class":65},[55,13465,13466],{"class":61}," settings",[55,13468,198],{"class":69},[55,13470,12511],{"class":123},[55,13472,8239],{"class":69},[55,13474,13475],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,13476,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13478,13479,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13494],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,13480,13481],{"class":61},"settings",[55,13483,127],{"class":69},[55,13485,74],{"class":73},[55,13487,13447],{"class":77},[55,13489,74],{"class":73},[55,13491,1277],{"class":69},[55,13493,1280],{"class":65},[55,13495,13496],{"class":130}," 16\n",[55,13498,13499],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,13500,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13502,13503,13505,13507,13509,13512,13514,13516,13518],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,13504,117],{"class":116},[55,13506,120],{"class":69},[55,13508,74],{"class":73},[55,13510,13511],{"class":77},"Current:",[55,13513,74],{"class":73},[55,13515,83],{"class":69},[55,13517,13466],{"class":123},[55,13519,103],{"class":69},[55,13521,13522,13524,13526,13528,13531,13533,13535,13538],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,13523,117],{"class":116},[55,13525,120],{"class":69},[55,13527,74],{"class":73},[55,13529,13530],{"class":77},"Backup:",[55,13532,74],{"class":73},[55,13534,83],{"class":69},[55,13536,13537],{"class":123}," settings_backup",[55,13539,103],{"class":69},[14,13541,13542],{},[3332,13543,314],{},[45,13545,13547],{"className":47,"code":13546,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[52,13548,13549,13587],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,13550,13551,13554,13556,13558,13560,13562,13564,13566,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13552,13553],{"class":61},"Current",[55,13555,854],{"class":69},[55,13557,10088],{"class":69},[55,13559,2889],{"class":73},[55,13561,12094],{"class":77},[55,13563,2889],{"class":73},[55,13565,854],{"class":69},[55,13567,2884],{"class":73},[55,13569,12103],{"class":77},[55,13571,2889],{"class":73},[55,13573,83],{"class":69},[55,13575,2884],{"class":73},[55,13577,13447],{"class":77},[55,13579,2889],{"class":73},[55,13581,854],{"class":69},[55,13583,13584],{"class":130}," 16",[55,13586,8906],{"class":69},[55,13588,13589,13592,13594,13596,13598,13600,13602,13604,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,13590,13591],{"class":61},"Backup",[55,13593,854],{"class":69},[55,13595,10088],{"class":69},[55,13597,2889],{"class":73},[55,13599,12094],{"class":77},[55,13601,2889],{"class":73},[55,13603,854],{"class":69},[55,13605,2884],{"class":73},[55,13607,12103],{"class":77},[55,13609,2889],{"class":73},[55,13611,83],{"class":69},[55,13613,2884],{"class":73},[55,13615,13447],{"class":77},[55,13617,2889],{"class":73},[55,13619,854],{"class":69},[55,13621,13454],{"class":130},[55,13623,8906],{"class":69},[14,13625,13626,13627,2465,13633,198],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[194,13628,13630],{"href":13629},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[52,13631,13632],{},"dict.update()",[194,13634,13635],{"href":12424},[52,13636,10925],{},[37,13638,13640,13642],{"id":13639},"copy-vs-assignment",[52,13641,12377],{}," vs assignment",[14,13644,13645],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[14,13647,8012,13648,13650,13651,13653],{},[52,13649,66],{}," does ",[3332,13652,4222],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[1425,13655,13657],{"id":13656},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[45,13659,13661],{"className":47,"code":13660,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[52,13662,13663,13695,13704,13708,13728,13732,13750,13770],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,13664,13665,13667,13669,13671,13673,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13666,11685],{"class":61},[55,13668,66],{"class":65},[55,13670,10088],{"class":69},[55,13672,74],{"class":73},[55,13674,1757],{"class":77},[55,13676,74],{"class":73},[55,13678,854],{"class":69},[55,13680,5090],{"class":130},[55,13682,83],{"class":69},[55,13684,86],{"class":73},[55,13686,11344],{"class":77},[55,13688,74],{"class":73},[55,13690,854],{"class":69},[55,13692,976],{"class":130},[55,13694,8906],{"class":69},[55,13696,13697,13700,13702],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,13698,13699],{"class":61},"assigned ",[55,13701,66],{"class":65},[55,13703,11723],{"class":61},[55,13705,13706],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,13707,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13709,13710,13713,13715,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,13711,13712],{"class":61},"assigned",[55,13714,127],{"class":69},[55,13716,74],{"class":73},[55,13718,1757],{"class":77},[55,13720,74],{"class":73},[55,13722,1277],{"class":69},[55,13724,1280],{"class":65},[55,13726,13727],{"class":130}," 99\n",[55,13729,13730],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,13731,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13733,13734,13736,13738,13740,13742,13744,13746,13748],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,13735,117],{"class":116},[55,13737,120],{"class":69},[55,13739,74],{"class":73},[55,13741,12890],{"class":77},[55,13743,74],{"class":73},[55,13745,83],{"class":69},[55,13747,11760],{"class":123},[55,13749,103],{"class":69},[55,13751,13752,13754,13756,13758,13761,13763,13765,13768],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,13753,117],{"class":116},[55,13755,120],{"class":69},[55,13757,74],{"class":73},[55,13759,13760],{"class":77},"Assigned:",[55,13762,74],{"class":73},[55,13764,83],{"class":69},[55,13766,13767],{"class":123}," assigned",[55,13769,103],{"class":69},[55,13771,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,13773,117],{"class":116},[55,13775,120],{"class":69},[55,13777,11685],{"class":123},[55,13779,11793],{"class":959},[55,13781,13767],{"class":123},[55,13783,103],{"class":69},[14,13785,13786],{},[3332,13787,314],{},[45,13789,13791],{"className":47,"code":13790,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[52,13792,13793,13825,13858],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,13794,13795,13797,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13796,12932],{"class":61},[55,13798,854],{"class":69},[55,13800,10088],{"class":69},[55,13802,2889],{"class":73},[55,13804,1757],{"class":77},[55,13806,2889],{"class":73},[55,13808,854],{"class":69},[55,13810,9794],{"class":130},[55,13812,83],{"class":69},[55,13814,2884],{"class":73},[55,13816,11344],{"class":77},[55,13818,2889],{"class":73},[55,13820,854],{"class":69},[55,13822,976],{"class":130},[55,13824,8906],{"class":69},[55,13826,13827,13830,13832,13834,13836,13838,13840,13842,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,13828,13829],{"class":61},"Assigned",[55,13831,854],{"class":69},[55,13833,10088],{"class":69},[55,13835,2889],{"class":73},[55,13837,1757],{"class":77},[55,13839,2889],{"class":73},[55,13841,854],{"class":69},[55,13843,9794],{"class":130},[55,13845,83],{"class":69},[55,13847,2884],{"class":73},[55,13849,11344],{"class":77},[55,13851,2889],{"class":73},[55,13853,854],{"class":69},[55,13855,976],{"class":130},[55,13857,8906],{"class":69},[55,13859,13860],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,13861,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,13863,8012,13865],{"id":13864},"using-copy",[52,13866,12377],{},[45,13868,13870],{"className":47,"code":13869,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[52,13871,13872,13904,13919,13923,13942,13946,13964,13984],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,13873,13874,13876,13878,13880,13882,13884,13886,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,13875,11685],{"class":61},[55,13877,66],{"class":65},[55,13879,10088],{"class":69},[55,13881,74],{"class":73},[55,13883,1757],{"class":77},[55,13885,74],{"class":73},[55,13887,854],{"class":69},[55,13889,5090],{"class":130},[55,13891,83],{"class":69},[55,13893,86],{"class":73},[55,13895,11344],{"class":77},[55,13897,74],{"class":73},[55,13899,854],{"class":69},[55,13901,976],{"class":130},[55,13903,8906],{"class":69},[55,13905,13906,13909,13911,13913,13915,13917],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,13907,13908],{"class":61},"copied ",[55,13910,66],{"class":65},[55,13912,11760],{"class":61},[55,13914,198],{"class":69},[55,13916,12511],{"class":123},[55,13918,8239],{"class":69},[55,13920,13921],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,13922,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13924,13925,13928,13930,13932,13934,13936,13938,13940],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,13926,13927],{"class":61},"copied",[55,13929,127],{"class":69},[55,13931,74],{"class":73},[55,13933,1757],{"class":77},[55,13935,74],{"class":73},[55,13937,1277],{"class":69},[55,13939,1280],{"class":65},[55,13941,13727],{"class":130},[55,13943,13944],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,13945,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,13947,13948,13950,13952,13954,13956,13958,13960,13962],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,13949,117],{"class":116},[55,13951,120],{"class":69},[55,13953,74],{"class":73},[55,13955,12890],{"class":77},[55,13957,74],{"class":73},[55,13959,83],{"class":69},[55,13961,11760],{"class":123},[55,13963,103],{"class":69},[55,13965,13966,13968,13970,13972,13975,13977,13979,13982],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,13967,117],{"class":116},[55,13969,120],{"class":69},[55,13971,74],{"class":73},[55,13973,13974],{"class":77},"Copied:",[55,13976,74],{"class":73},[55,13978,83],{"class":69},[55,13980,13981],{"class":123}," copied",[55,13983,103],{"class":69},[55,13985,13986,13988,13990,13992,13994,13996],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,13987,117],{"class":116},[55,13989,120],{"class":69},[55,13991,11685],{"class":123},[55,13993,11793],{"class":959},[55,13995,13981],{"class":123},[55,13997,103],{"class":69},[14,13999,14000],{},[3332,14001,314],{},[45,14003,14005],{"className":47,"code":14004,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[52,14006,14007,14039,14072],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14008,14009,14011,14013,14015,14017,14019,14021,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14010,12932],{"class":61},[55,14012,854],{"class":69},[55,14014,10088],{"class":69},[55,14016,2889],{"class":73},[55,14018,1757],{"class":77},[55,14020,2889],{"class":73},[55,14022,854],{"class":69},[55,14024,5090],{"class":130},[55,14026,83],{"class":69},[55,14028,2884],{"class":73},[55,14030,11344],{"class":77},[55,14032,2889],{"class":73},[55,14034,854],{"class":69},[55,14036,976],{"class":130},[55,14038,8906],{"class":69},[55,14040,14041,14044,14046,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,14042,14043],{"class":61},"Copied",[55,14045,854],{"class":69},[55,14047,10088],{"class":69},[55,14049,2889],{"class":73},[55,14051,1757],{"class":77},[55,14053,2889],{"class":73},[55,14055,854],{"class":69},[55,14057,9794],{"class":130},[55,14059,83],{"class":69},[55,14061,2884],{"class":73},[55,14063,11344],{"class":77},[55,14065,2889],{"class":73},[55,14067,854],{"class":69},[55,14069,976],{"class":130},[55,14071,8906],{"class":69},[55,14073,14074],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,14075,3631],{"class":3443},[14,14077,14078],{},"Summary:",[21,14080,14081,14087],{},[24,14082,14083,14086],{},[52,14084,14085],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[24,14088,14089,14092],{},[52,14090,14091],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[37,14094,14096],{"id":14095},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[14,14098,14099,854],{},[52,14100,12377],{},[21,14102,14103,14106,14109,14112],{},[24,14104,14105],{},"Returns a dictionary",[24,14107,14108],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[24,14110,14111],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[24,14113,14114],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[14,14116,233],{},[45,14118,14120],{"className":47,"code":14119,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[52,14121,14122,14154,14170,14174,14192,14212,14216,14234],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14123,14124,14126,14128,14130,14132,14134,14136,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14125,8763],{"class":61},[55,14127,66],{"class":65},[55,14129,10088],{"class":69},[55,14131,74],{"class":73},[55,14133,194],{"class":77},[55,14135,74],{"class":73},[55,14137,854],{"class":69},[55,14139,5090],{"class":130},[55,14141,83],{"class":69},[55,14143,86],{"class":73},[55,14145,786],{"class":77},[55,14147,74],{"class":73},[55,14149,854],{"class":69},[55,14151,976],{"class":130},[55,14153,8906],{"class":69},[55,14155,14156,14159,14161,14164,14166,14168],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,14157,14158],{"class":61},"data_copy ",[55,14160,66],{"class":65},[55,14162,14163],{"class":61}," data",[55,14165,198],{"class":69},[55,14167,12511],{"class":123},[55,14169,8239],{"class":69},[55,14171,14172],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,14173,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,14175,14176,14178,14180,14182,14184,14186,14188,14190],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,14177,8802],{"class":61},[55,14179,127],{"class":69},[55,14181,74],{"class":73},[55,14183,194],{"class":77},[55,14185,74],{"class":73},[55,14187,1277],{"class":69},[55,14189,1280],{"class":65},[55,14191,2174],{"class":130},[55,14193,14194,14197,14199,14201,14203,14205,14207,14209],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,14195,14196],{"class":61},"data_copy",[55,14198,127],{"class":69},[55,14200,74],{"class":73},[55,14202,786],{"class":77},[55,14204,74],{"class":73},[55,14206,1277],{"class":69},[55,14208,1280],{"class":65},[55,14210,14211],{"class":130}," 20\n",[55,14213,14214],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,14215,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,14217,14218,14220,14222,14224,14226,14228,14230,14232],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,14219,117],{"class":116},[55,14221,120],{"class":69},[55,14223,74],{"class":73},[55,14225,12890],{"class":77},[55,14227,74],{"class":73},[55,14229,83],{"class":69},[55,14231,14163],{"class":123},[55,14233,103],{"class":69},[55,14235,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246,14248,14251],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,14237,117],{"class":116},[55,14239,120],{"class":69},[55,14241,74],{"class":73},[55,14243,12909],{"class":77},[55,14245,74],{"class":73},[55,14247,83],{"class":69},[55,14249,14250],{"class":123}," data_copy",[55,14252,103],{"class":69},[14,14254,14255],{},[3332,14256,314],{},[45,14258,14260],{"className":47,"code":14259,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[52,14261,14262,14294],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14263,14264,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14265,12932],{"class":61},[55,14267,854],{"class":69},[55,14269,10088],{"class":69},[55,14271,2889],{"class":73},[55,14273,194],{"class":77},[55,14275,2889],{"class":73},[55,14277,854],{"class":69},[55,14279,5598],{"class":130},[55,14281,83],{"class":69},[55,14283,2884],{"class":73},[55,14285,786],{"class":77},[55,14287,2889],{"class":73},[55,14289,854],{"class":69},[55,14291,976],{"class":130},[55,14293,8906],{"class":69},[55,14295,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306,14308,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,14297,12969],{"class":61},[55,14299,854],{"class":69},[55,14301,10088],{"class":69},[55,14303,2889],{"class":73},[55,14305,194],{"class":77},[55,14307,2889],{"class":73},[55,14309,854],{"class":69},[55,14311,5090],{"class":130},[55,14313,83],{"class":69},[55,14315,2884],{"class":73},[55,14317,786],{"class":77},[55,14319,2889],{"class":73},[55,14321,854],{"class":69},[55,14323,255],{"class":130},[55,14325,8906],{"class":69},[37,14327,1298],{"id":1297},[14,14329,14330,14331,854],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[52,14332,12034],{},[21,14334,14335,14342,14347,14352],{},[24,14336,8012,14337,1309,14339,14341],{},[52,14338,66],{},[52,14340,12377],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[24,14343,4170,14344,14346],{},[52,14345,12377],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[24,14348,14349,14350],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[52,14351,12377],{},[24,14353,14354],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[14,14356,14357],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[45,14359,14361],{"className":47,"code":14360,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[52,14362,14363,14373,14383,14397,14420,14443],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14364,14365,14367,14369,14371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14366,117],{"class":116},[55,14368,120],{"class":69},[55,14370,11732],{"class":123},[55,14372,103],{"class":69},[55,14374,14375,14377,14379,14381],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,14376,117],{"class":116},[55,14378,120],{"class":69},[55,14380,13927],{"class":123},[55,14382,103],{"class":69},[55,14384,14385,14387,14389,14391,14393,14395],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,14386,117],{"class":116},[55,14388,120],{"class":69},[55,14390,11685],{"class":123},[55,14392,11793],{"class":959},[55,14394,13981],{"class":123},[55,14396,103],{"class":69},[55,14398,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411,14414,14416,14418],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,14400,117],{"class":116},[55,14402,120],{"class":69},[55,14404,12249],{"class":116},[55,14406,120],{"class":69},[55,14408,11732],{"class":123},[55,14410,8831],{"class":69},[55,14412,14413],{"class":116}," id",[55,14415,120],{"class":69},[55,14417,13927],{"class":123},[55,14419,1357],{"class":69},[55,14421,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434,14436,14439,14441],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,14423,117],{"class":116},[55,14425,120],{"class":69},[55,14427,12249],{"class":116},[55,14429,120],{"class":69},[55,14431,11732],{"class":123},[55,14433,127],{"class":69},[55,14435,74],{"class":73},[55,14437,14438],{"class":77},"key",[55,14440,74],{"class":73},[55,14442,2586],{"class":69},[55,14444,14445,14447,14449,14451,14453,14455,14457,14459,14461,14463],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,14446,117],{"class":116},[55,14448,120],{"class":69},[55,14450,12249],{"class":116},[55,14452,120],{"class":69},[55,14454,13927],{"class":123},[55,14456,127],{"class":69},[55,14458,74],{"class":73},[55,14460,14438],{"class":77},[55,14462,74],{"class":73},[55,14464,2586],{"class":69},[14,14466,14467],{},"What these help you check:",[21,14469,14470,14473,14476],{},[24,14471,14472],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[24,14474,14475],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[24,14477,14478],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[14,14480,14481,14482,198],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[194,14483,14485],{"href":14484},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[37,14487,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,14489,12304,14491,14493],{"id":14490},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[52,14492,12034],{}," change the original dictionary?",[14,14495,14496],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[1425,14498,14500,14501,14503],{"id":14499},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[52,14502,12034],{}," a deep copy?",[14,14505,14506],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[1425,14508,4771,14510,3983,14512,2078],{"id":14509},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[52,14511,12377],{},[52,14513,66],{},[14,14515,14516,14518,14519,14521],{},[52,14517,12377],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[52,14520,66],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[1425,14523,14525],{"id":14524},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[14,14527,14528],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[37,14530,1495],{"id":1494},[21,14532,14533,14537,14541,14545,14552,14558],{},[24,14534,14535],{},[194,14536,10840],{"href":12626},[24,14538,14539],{},[194,14540,8753],{"href":12623},[24,14542,14543],{},[194,14544,13387],{"href":13386},[24,14546,14547],{},[194,14548,10335,14549,10339],{"href":13629},[52,14550,14551],{},"update()",[24,14553,14554],{},[194,14555,10335,14556,10339],{"href":12424},[52,14557,10919],{},[24,14559,14560],{},[194,14561,14562],{"href":14484},"How to copy a list in Python",[1524,14564,14565],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":14567},[14568,14569,14571,14572,14573,14574,14576,14582,14583,14584,14593],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":12595,"depth":106,"text":14570},"What the copy() method does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":13029,"depth":106,"text":13030},{"id":13390,"depth":106,"text":14575},"When to use copy()",{"id":13639,"depth":106,"text":14577,"children":14578},"copy() vs assignment",[14579,14580],{"id":13656,"depth":113,"text":13657},{"id":13864,"depth":113,"text":14581},"Using copy()",{"id":14095,"depth":106,"text":14096},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":14585},[14586,14588,14590,14592],{"id":14490,"depth":113,"text":14587},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14499,"depth":113,"text":14589},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14509,"depth":113,"text":14591},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14524,"depth":113,"text":14525},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12430,"description":14594},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14601,"title":14602,"body":14603,"description":16801,"extension":1546,"meta":16802,"navigation":109,"path":12626,"seo":16803,"stem":16804,"__hash__":16805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14604,"toc":16763},[14605,14608,14614,14623,14625,14701,14705,14754,14757,14761,14775,14778,14782,14795,14798,14831,14845,14848,14860,14864,14867,14875,14955,14959,15012,15016,15034,15036,15118,15121,15123,15126,15129,15152,15176,15180,15188,15191,15195,15204,15209,15267,15271,15304,15310,15316,15319,15373,15377,15427,15430,15436,15439,15447,15449,15494,15499,15508,15511,15514,15561,15563,15568,15571,15665,15669,15722,15725,15781,15784,15788,15791,15805,15809,15875,15879,15904,15907,15911,15989,15993,15996,15999,16019,16022,16075,16079,16082,16085,16098,16100,16189,16196,16199,16210,16212,16215,16235,16239,16242,16251,16254,16293,16297,16299,16308,16317,16319,16357,16361,16408,16412,16433,16437,16440,16552,16557,16655,16677,16679,16683,16690,16694,16700,16704,16707,16711,16714,16721,16729,16731,16757,16760],[10,14606,14602],{"id":14607},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[14,14609,14610,14611,14613],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3332,14612,8729],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[14,14615,14616,14617,2465,14619,198],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[194,14618,8753],{"href":8752},[194,14620,14622],{"href":14621},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[37,14624,1588],{"id":1587},[45,14626,14628],{"className":47,"code":14627,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[52,14629,14630,14638,14656,14670,14683,14687,14691],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14631,14632,14634,14636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14633,12464],{"class":61},[55,14635,66],{"class":65},[55,14637,11091],{"class":69},[55,14639,14640,14642,14644,14646,14648,14650,14652,14654],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,14641,11096],{"class":73},[55,14643,7263],{"class":77},[55,14645,74],{"class":73},[55,14647,854],{"class":69},[55,14649,86],{"class":73},[55,14651,645],{"class":77},[55,14653,74],{"class":73},[55,14655,11112],{"class":69},[55,14657,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,14659,11096],{"class":73},[55,14661,8896],{"class":77},[55,14663,74],{"class":73},[55,14665,854],{"class":69},[55,14667,255],{"class":130},[55,14669,11112],{"class":69},[55,14671,14672,14674,14677,14679,14681],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,14673,11096],{"class":73},[55,14675,14676],{"class":77},"is_active",[55,14678,74],{"class":73},[55,14680,854],{"class":69},[55,14682,6017],{"class":3443},[55,14684,14685],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,14686,8906],{"class":69},[55,14688,14689],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,14690,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,14692,14693,14695,14697,14699],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,14694,117],{"class":116},[55,14696,120],{"class":69},[55,14698,13222],{"class":123},[55,14700,103],{"class":69},[14,14702,14703],{},[3332,14704,314],{},[45,14706,14708],{"className":47,"code":14707,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[52,14709,14710],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14711,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14713,8875],{"class":69},[55,14715,2889],{"class":73},[55,14717,7263],{"class":77},[55,14719,2889],{"class":73},[55,14721,854],{"class":69},[55,14723,2884],{"class":73},[55,14725,645],{"class":77},[55,14727,2889],{"class":73},[55,14729,83],{"class":69},[55,14731,2884],{"class":73},[55,14733,8896],{"class":77},[55,14735,2889],{"class":73},[55,14737,854],{"class":69},[55,14739,255],{"class":130},[55,14741,83],{"class":69},[55,14743,2884],{"class":73},[55,14745,14676],{"class":77},[55,14747,2889],{"class":73},[55,14749,854],{"class":69},[55,14751,3506],{"class":3443},[55,14753,8906],{"class":69},[14,14755,14756],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[37,14758,14760],{"id":14759},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[21,14762,14763,14766,14769,14772],{},[24,14764,14765],{},"What a dictionary is",[24,14767,14768],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[24,14770,14771],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[24,14773,14774],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[37,14776,14765],{"id":14777},"what-a-dictionary-is",[14,14779,8726,14780,198],{},[3332,14781,8729],{},[21,14783,14784,14790],{},[24,14785,14786,14787,14789],{},"A ",[3332,14788,14438],{}," is the label",[24,14791,14786,14792,14794],{},[3332,14793,2058],{}," is the data connected to that label",[14,14796,14797],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[45,14799,14801],{"className":47,"code":14800,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[52,14802,14803,14811,14827],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14804,14805,14807,14809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14806,12464],{"class":61},[55,14808,66],{"class":65},[55,14810,11091],{"class":69},[55,14812,14813,14815,14817,14819,14821,14823,14825],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,14814,11096],{"class":73},[55,14816,7263],{"class":77},[55,14818,74],{"class":73},[55,14820,854],{"class":69},[55,14822,86],{"class":73},[55,14824,645],{"class":77},[55,14826,1288],{"class":73},[55,14828,14829],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,14830,8906],{"class":69},[21,14832,14833,14839],{},[24,14834,14835,14838],{},[52,14836,14837],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[24,14840,14841,14844],{},[52,14842,14843],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[14,14846,14847],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[21,14849,14850,14852,14854,14857],{},[24,14851,7263],{},[24,14853,8896],{},[24,14855,14856],{},"email",[24,14858,14859],{},"country",[37,14861,14863],{"id":14862},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[14,14865,14866],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[14,14868,1440,14869,14871,14872,198],{},[52,14870,3382],{}," and write each item as ",[52,14873,14874],{},"key: value",[45,14876,14878],{"className":47,"code":14877,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[52,14879,14880,14888,14906,14920,14937,14941,14945],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14881,14882,14884,14886],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14883,12464],{"class":61},[55,14885,66],{"class":65},[55,14887,11091],{"class":69},[55,14889,14890,14892,14894,14896,14898,14900,14902,14904],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,14891,11096],{"class":73},[55,14893,7263],{"class":77},[55,14895,74],{"class":73},[55,14897,854],{"class":69},[55,14899,86],{"class":73},[55,14901,645],{"class":77},[55,14903,74],{"class":73},[55,14905,11112],{"class":69},[55,14907,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,14909,11096],{"class":73},[55,14911,8896],{"class":77},[55,14913,74],{"class":73},[55,14915,854],{"class":69},[55,14917,255],{"class":130},[55,14919,11112],{"class":69},[55,14921,14922,14924,14927,14929,14931,14933,14935],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,14923,11096],{"class":73},[55,14925,14926],{"class":77},"course",[55,14928,74],{"class":73},[55,14930,854],{"class":69},[55,14932,86],{"class":73},[55,14934,6891],{"class":77},[55,14936,1288],{"class":73},[55,14938,14939],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,14940,8906],{"class":69},[55,14942,14943],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,14944,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,14946,14947,14949,14951,14953],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,14948,117],{"class":116},[55,14950,120],{"class":69},[55,14952,13222],{"class":123},[55,14954,103],{"class":69},[14,14956,14957],{},[3332,14958,314],{},[45,14960,14962],{"className":47,"code":14961,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[52,14963,14964],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,14965,14966,14968,14970,14972,14974,14976,14978,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,14967,8875],{"class":69},[55,14969,2889],{"class":73},[55,14971,7263],{"class":77},[55,14973,2889],{"class":73},[55,14975,854],{"class":69},[55,14977,2884],{"class":73},[55,14979,645],{"class":77},[55,14981,2889],{"class":73},[55,14983,83],{"class":69},[55,14985,2884],{"class":73},[55,14987,8896],{"class":77},[55,14989,2889],{"class":73},[55,14991,854],{"class":69},[55,14993,255],{"class":130},[55,14995,83],{"class":69},[55,14997,2884],{"class":73},[55,14999,14926],{"class":77},[55,15001,2889],{"class":73},[55,15003,854],{"class":69},[55,15005,2884],{"class":73},[55,15007,6891],{"class":77},[55,15009,2889],{"class":73},[55,15011,8906],{"class":69},[1425,15013,15015],{"id":15014},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[21,15017,15018,15023,15028,15031],{},[24,15019,1440,15020,15022],{},[52,15021,3382],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[24,15024,15025,15026],{},"Write each item as ",[52,15027,14874],{},[24,15029,15030],{},"Separate items with commas",[24,15032,15033],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[14,15035,233],{},[45,15037,15039],{"className":47,"code":15038,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[52,15040,15041,15050,15070,15086,15099,15103,15107],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15042,15043,15046,15048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15044,15045],{"class":61},"book ",[55,15047,66],{"class":65},[55,15049,11091],{"class":69},[55,15051,15052,15054,15057,15059,15061,15063,15066,15068],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15053,11096],{"class":73},[55,15055,15056],{"class":77},"title",[55,15058,74],{"class":73},[55,15060,854],{"class":69},[55,15062,86],{"class":73},[55,15064,15065],{"class":77},"Python Basics",[55,15067,74],{"class":73},[55,15069,11112],{"class":69},[55,15071,15072,15074,15077,15079,15081,15084],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,15073,11096],{"class":73},[55,15075,15076],{"class":77},"pages",[55,15078,74],{"class":73},[55,15080,854],{"class":69},[55,15082,15083],{"class":130}," 150",[55,15085,11112],{"class":69},[55,15087,15088,15090,15093,15095,15097],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,15089,11096],{"class":73},[55,15091,15092],{"class":77},"available",[55,15094,74],{"class":73},[55,15096,854],{"class":69},[55,15098,6017],{"class":3443},[55,15100,15101],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,15102,8906],{"class":69},[55,15104,15105],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,15106,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,15108,15109,15111,15113,15116],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,15110,117],{"class":116},[55,15112,120],{"class":69},[55,15114,15115],{"class":123},"book",[55,15117,103],{"class":69},[14,15119,15120],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[37,15122,9000],{"id":8999},[14,15124,15125],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[14,15127,15128],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[45,15130,15132],{"className":47,"code":15131,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[52,15133,15134,15142],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15135,15136,15138,15140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15137,8763],{"class":61},[55,15139,66],{"class":65},[55,15141,9435],{"class":69},[55,15143,15144,15146,15148,15150],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15145,117],{"class":116},[55,15147,120],{"class":69},[55,15149,8802],{"class":123},[55,15151,103],{"class":69},[45,15153,15154],{"className":47,"code":9003,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,15155,15156,15166],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15157,15158,15160,15162,15164],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15159,8763],{"class":61},[55,15161,66],{"class":65},[55,15163,8768],{"class":850},[55,15165,8239],{"class":69},[55,15167,15168,15170,15172,15174],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15169,117],{"class":116},[55,15171,120],{"class":69},[55,15173,8802],{"class":123},[55,15175,103],{"class":69},[14,15177,15178],{},[3332,15179,314],{},[45,15181,15182],{"className":47,"code":9032,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,15183,15184],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15185,15186],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15187,9032],{"class":69},[14,15189,15190],{},"Both are correct.",[1425,15192,15194],{"id":15193},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[14,15196,15197,15199,15200,15203],{},[52,15198,3382],{}," creates an empty ",[3332,15201,15202],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[14,15205,15206,15207,198],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[52,15208,3387],{},[45,15210,15212],{"className":47,"code":15211,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[52,15213,15214,15222,15234,15238,15252],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15215,15216,15218,15220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15217,11323],{"class":61},[55,15219,66],{"class":65},[55,15221,9435],{"class":69},[55,15223,15224,15227,15229,15232],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15225,15226],{"class":61},"my_set ",[55,15228,66],{"class":65},[55,15230,15231],{"class":850}," set",[55,15233,8239],{"class":69},[55,15235,15236],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,15237,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,15239,15240,15242,15244,15246,15248,15250],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,15241,117],{"class":116},[55,15243,120],{"class":69},[55,15245,1396],{"class":850},[55,15247,120],{"class":69},[55,15249,11048],{"class":123},[55,15251,1357],{"class":69},[55,15253,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15265],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,15255,117],{"class":116},[55,15257,120],{"class":69},[55,15259,1396],{"class":850},[55,15261,120],{"class":69},[55,15263,15264],{"class":123},"my_set",[55,15266,1357],{"class":69},[14,15268,15269],{},[3332,15270,314],{},[45,15272,15274],{"className":47,"code":15273,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[52,15275,15276,15290],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15277,15278,15280,15282,15284,15286,15288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15279,2878],{"class":65},[55,15281,2881],{"class":1648},[55,15283,2884],{"class":73},[55,15285,8418],{"class":77},[55,15287,2889],{"class":73},[55,15289,2892],{"class":65},[55,15291,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15293,2878],{"class":65},[55,15295,2881],{"class":1648},[55,15297,2884],{"class":73},[55,15299,5881],{"class":77},[55,15301,2889],{"class":73},[55,15303,2892],{"class":65},[37,15305,15307,15308],{"id":15306},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[52,15309,8717],{},[14,15311,15312,15313,15315],{},"You can also use ",[52,15314,8717],{}," to create a dictionary.",[14,15317,15318],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[45,15320,15322],{"className":47,"code":15321,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[52,15323,15324,15363],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15325,15326,15328,15330,15332,15334,15336,15338,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354,15357,15359,15361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15327,12464],{"class":61},[55,15329,66],{"class":65},[55,15331,8768],{"class":850},[55,15333,120],{"class":69},[55,15335,7263],{"class":8773},[55,15337,66],{"class":65},[55,15339,74],{"class":73},[55,15341,645],{"class":77},[55,15343,74],{"class":73},[55,15345,83],{"class":69},[55,15347,8786],{"class":8773},[55,15349,66],{"class":65},[55,15351,1149],{"class":130},[55,15353,83],{"class":69},[55,15355,15356],{"class":8773}," active",[55,15358,66],{"class":65},[55,15360,3194],{"class":3443},[55,15362,103],{"class":69},[55,15364,15365,15367,15369,15371],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15366,117],{"class":116},[55,15368,120],{"class":69},[55,15370,13222],{"class":123},[55,15372,103],{"class":69},[14,15374,15375],{},[3332,15376,314],{},[45,15378,15380],{"className":47,"code":15379,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[52,15381,15382],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15383,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398,15400,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412,15414,15416,15419,15421,15423,15425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15385,8875],{"class":69},[55,15387,2889],{"class":73},[55,15389,7263],{"class":77},[55,15391,2889],{"class":73},[55,15393,854],{"class":69},[55,15395,2884],{"class":73},[55,15397,645],{"class":77},[55,15399,2889],{"class":73},[55,15401,83],{"class":69},[55,15403,2884],{"class":73},[55,15405,8896],{"class":77},[55,15407,2889],{"class":73},[55,15409,854],{"class":69},[55,15411,255],{"class":130},[55,15413,83],{"class":69},[55,15415,2884],{"class":73},[55,15417,15418],{"class":77},"active",[55,15420,2889],{"class":73},[55,15422,854],{"class":69},[55,15424,3506],{"class":3443},[55,15426,8906],{"class":69},[14,15428,15429],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[1425,15431,15433,15434],{"id":15432},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[52,15435,8717],{},[14,15437,15438],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[21,15440,15441,15444],{},[24,15442,15443],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[24,15445,15446],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[14,15448,1175],{},[45,15450,15452],{"className":47,"code":15451,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[52,15453,15454,15484],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15455,15456,15458,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15457,11086],{"class":61},[55,15459,66],{"class":65},[55,15461,8768],{"class":850},[55,15463,120],{"class":69},[55,15465,7263],{"class":8773},[55,15467,66],{"class":65},[55,15469,74],{"class":73},[55,15471,7272],{"class":77},[55,15473,74],{"class":73},[55,15475,83],{"class":69},[55,15477,8786],{"class":8773},[55,15479,66],{"class":65},[55,15481,8791],{"class":130},[55,15483,103],{"class":69},[55,15485,15486,15488,15490,15492],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15487,117],{"class":116},[55,15489,120],{"class":69},[55,15491,11180],{"class":123},[55,15493,103],{"class":69},[14,15495,4219,15496,15498],{},[3332,15497,4222],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[45,15500,15502],{"className":47,"code":15501,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[52,15503,15504],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15505,15506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15507,15501],{"class":137},[14,15509,15510],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[14,15512,15513],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[45,15515,15517],{"className":47,"code":15516,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[52,15518,15519,15527,15543,15547,15551],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15520,15521,15523,15525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15522,11086],{"class":61},[55,15524,66],{"class":65},[55,15526,11091],{"class":69},[55,15528,15529,15531,15533,15535,15537,15539,15541],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15530,11096],{"class":73},[55,15532,10093],{"class":77},[55,15534,74],{"class":73},[55,15536,854],{"class":69},[55,15538,86],{"class":73},[55,15540,7272],{"class":77},[55,15542,1288],{"class":73},[55,15544,15545],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,15546,8906],{"class":69},[55,15548,15549],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,15550,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,15552,15553,15555,15557,15559],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,15554,117],{"class":116},[55,15556,120],{"class":69},[55,15558,11180],{"class":123},[55,15560,103],{"class":69},[37,15562,9042],{"id":9041},[14,15564,15565,15567],{},[52,15566,8717],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[14,15569,15570],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[45,15572,15574],{"className":47,"code":15573,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[52,15575,15576,15633,15637,15651,15655],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15577,15578,15580,15582,15584,15586,15588,15590,15592,15594,15596,15598,15600,15602,15604,15606,15608,15610,15612,15614,15616,15618,15620,15622,15624,15626,15629,15631],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15579,8813],{"class":61},[55,15581,66],{"class":65},[55,15583,8818],{"class":69},[55,15585,74],{"class":73},[55,15587,7263],{"class":77},[55,15589,74],{"class":73},[55,15591,83],{"class":69},[55,15593,86],{"class":73},[55,15595,645],{"class":77},[55,15597,74],{"class":73},[55,15599,8831],{"class":69},[55,15601,70],{"class":69},[55,15603,74],{"class":73},[55,15605,8896],{"class":77},[55,15607,74],{"class":73},[55,15609,83],{"class":69},[55,15611,255],{"class":130},[55,15613,8831],{"class":69},[55,15615,70],{"class":69},[55,15617,74],{"class":73},[55,15619,10006],{"class":77},[55,15621,74],{"class":73},[55,15623,83],{"class":69},[55,15625,86],{"class":73},[55,15627,15628],{"class":77},"Lima",[55,15630,74],{"class":73},[55,15632,8846],{"class":69},[55,15634,15635],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15636,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,15638,15639,15641,15643,15645,15647,15649],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,15640,12464],{"class":61},[55,15642,66],{"class":65},[55,15644,8768],{"class":850},[55,15646,120],{"class":69},[55,15648,8859],{"class":123},[55,15650,103],{"class":69},[55,15652,15653],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,15654,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,15656,15657,15659,15661,15663],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,15658,117],{"class":116},[55,15660,120],{"class":69},[55,15662,13222],{"class":123},[55,15664,103],{"class":69},[14,15666,15667],{},[3332,15668,314],{},[45,15670,15672],{"className":47,"code":15671,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[52,15673,15674],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15675,15676,15678,15680,15682,15684,15686,15688,15690,15692,15694,15696,15698,15700,15702,15704,15706,15708,15710,15712,15714,15716,15718,15720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15677,8875],{"class":69},[55,15679,2889],{"class":73},[55,15681,7263],{"class":77},[55,15683,2889],{"class":73},[55,15685,854],{"class":69},[55,15687,2884],{"class":73},[55,15689,645],{"class":77},[55,15691,2889],{"class":73},[55,15693,83],{"class":69},[55,15695,2884],{"class":73},[55,15697,8896],{"class":77},[55,15699,2889],{"class":73},[55,15701,854],{"class":69},[55,15703,255],{"class":130},[55,15705,83],{"class":69},[55,15707,2884],{"class":73},[55,15709,10006],{"class":77},[55,15711,2889],{"class":73},[55,15713,854],{"class":69},[55,15715,2884],{"class":73},[55,15717,15628],{"class":77},[55,15719,2889],{"class":73},[55,15721,8906],{"class":69},[14,15723,15724],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[45,15726,15728],{"className":47,"code":15727,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[52,15729,15730,15771],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15731,15732,15734,15736,15738,15741,15743,15745,15747,15749,15751,15753,15755,15757,15759,15761,15763,15765,15767,15769],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15733,12464],{"class":61},[55,15735,66],{"class":65},[55,15737,8768],{"class":850},[55,15739,15740],{"class":69},"(((",[55,15742,74],{"class":73},[55,15744,7263],{"class":77},[55,15746,74],{"class":73},[55,15748,83],{"class":69},[55,15750,86],{"class":73},[55,15752,645],{"class":77},[55,15754,74],{"class":73},[55,15756,8831],{"class":69},[55,15758,70],{"class":69},[55,15760,74],{"class":73},[55,15762,8896],{"class":77},[55,15764,74],{"class":73},[55,15766,83],{"class":69},[55,15768,255],{"class":130},[55,15770,2499],{"class":69},[55,15772,15773,15775,15777,15779],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15774,117],{"class":116},[55,15776,120],{"class":69},[55,15778,13222],{"class":123},[55,15780,103],{"class":69},[14,15782,15783],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[37,15785,15787],{"id":15786},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[14,15789,15790],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[21,15792,15793,15796,15799,15802],{},[24,15794,15795],{},"Keys must be unique",[24,15797,15798],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[24,15800,15801],{},"Values can repeat",[24,15803,15804],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[1425,15806,15808],{"id":15807},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[45,15810,15812],{"className":47,"code":15811,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[52,15813,15814,15822,15840,15857,15861,15865],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15815,15816,15818,15820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15817,8763],{"class":61},[55,15819,66],{"class":65},[55,15821,11091],{"class":69},[55,15823,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15825,11096],{"class":73},[55,15827,7263],{"class":77},[55,15829,74],{"class":73},[55,15831,854],{"class":69},[55,15833,86],{"class":73},[55,15835,645],{"class":77},[55,15837,74],{"class":73},[55,15839,11112],{"class":69},[55,15841,15842,15844,15846,15848,15850,15852,15855],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,15843,11096],{"class":73},[55,15845,7263],{"class":77},[55,15847,74],{"class":73},[55,15849,854],{"class":69},[55,15851,86],{"class":73},[55,15853,15854],{"class":77},"Maria",[55,15856,1288],{"class":73},[55,15858,15859],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,15860,8906],{"class":69},[55,15862,15863],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,15864,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,15866,15867,15869,15871,15873],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,15868,117],{"class":116},[55,15870,120],{"class":69},[55,15872,8802],{"class":123},[55,15874,103],{"class":69},[14,15876,15877],{},[3332,15878,314],{},[45,15880,15882],{"className":47,"code":15881,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[52,15883,15884],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15885,15886,15888,15890,15892,15894,15896,15898,15900,15902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15887,8875],{"class":69},[55,15889,2889],{"class":73},[55,15891,7263],{"class":77},[55,15893,2889],{"class":73},[55,15895,854],{"class":69},[55,15897,2884],{"class":73},[55,15899,15854],{"class":77},[55,15901,2889],{"class":73},[55,15903,8906],{"class":69},[14,15905,15906],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[1425,15908,15910],{"id":15909},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[45,15912,15914],{"className":47,"code":15913,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[52,15915,15916,15924,15940,15956,15970,15974,15978],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,15917,15918,15920,15922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,15919,4654],{"class":61},[55,15921,66],{"class":65},[55,15923,11091],{"class":69},[55,15925,15926,15929,15931,15933,15936,15938],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,15927,15928],{"class":130},"    1",[55,15930,854],{"class":69},[55,15932,86],{"class":73},[55,15934,15935],{"class":77},"low",[55,15937,74],{"class":73},[55,15939,11112],{"class":69},[55,15941,15942,15945,15947,15949,15952,15954],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,15943,15944],{"class":130},"    2",[55,15946,854],{"class":69},[55,15948,86],{"class":73},[55,15950,15951],{"class":77},"medium",[55,15953,74],{"class":73},[55,15955,11112],{"class":69},[55,15957,15958,15961,15963,15965,15968],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,15959,15960],{"class":130},"    3",[55,15962,854],{"class":69},[55,15964,86],{"class":73},[55,15966,15967],{"class":77},"high",[55,15969,1288],{"class":73},[55,15971,15972],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,15973,8906],{"class":69},[55,15975,15976],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,15977,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,15979,15980,15982,15984,15987],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,15981,117],{"class":116},[55,15983,120],{"class":69},[55,15985,15986],{"class":123},"scores",[55,15988,103],{"class":69},[1425,15990,15992],{"id":15991},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[14,15994,15995],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[14,15997,15998],{},"This will cause an error:",[45,16000,16002],{"className":47,"code":16001,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[52,16003,16004,16009,16014],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16005,16006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16007,16008],{"class":137},"# bad = {\n",[55,16010,16011],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16012,16013],{"class":137},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[55,16015,16016],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,16017,16018],{"class":137},"# }\n",[14,16020,16021],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[45,16023,16025],{"className":47,"code":16024,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[52,16026,16027,16036,16056,16060,16064],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16028,16029,16032,16034],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16030,16031],{"class":61},"good ",[55,16033,66],{"class":65},[55,16035,11091],{"class":69},[55,16037,16038,16041,16043,16045,16047,16050,16052,16054],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16039,16040],{"class":69},"    (",[55,16042,152],{"class":130},[55,16044,83],{"class":69},[55,16046,976],{"class":130},[55,16048,16049],{"class":69},"):",[55,16051,86],{"class":73},[55,16053,275],{"class":77},[55,16055,1288],{"class":73},[55,16057,16058],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,16059,8906],{"class":69},[55,16061,16062],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,16063,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,16065,16066,16068,16070,16073],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,16067,117],{"class":116},[55,16069,120],{"class":69},[55,16071,16072],{"class":123},"good",[55,16074,103],{"class":69},[37,16076,16078],{"id":16077},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[14,16080,16081],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[14,16083,16084],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[21,16086,16087,16090,16092,16095],{},[24,16088,16089],{},"user data",[24,16091,13481],{},[24,16093,16094],{},"counters",[24,16096,16097],{},"lookups",[14,16099,233],{},[45,16101,16103],{"className":47,"code":16102,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[52,16104,16105,16113,16132,16151,16163,16167,16171],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16106,16107,16109,16111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16108,11086],{"class":61},[55,16110,66],{"class":65},[55,16112,11091],{"class":69},[55,16114,16115,16117,16119,16121,16123,16125,16128,16130],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16116,11096],{"class":73},[55,16118,7580],{"class":77},[55,16120,74],{"class":73},[55,16122,854],{"class":69},[55,16124,86],{"class":73},[55,16126,16127],{"class":77},"ana123",[55,16129,74],{"class":73},[55,16131,11112],{"class":69},[55,16133,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144,16147,16149],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,16135,11096],{"class":73},[55,16137,14856],{"class":77},[55,16139,74],{"class":73},[55,16141,854],{"class":69},[55,16143,86],{"class":73},[55,16145,16146],{"class":77},"ana@example.com",[55,16148,74],{"class":73},[55,16150,11112],{"class":69},[55,16152,16153,16155,16157,16159,16161],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,16154,11096],{"class":73},[55,16156,12114],{"class":77},[55,16158,74],{"class":73},[55,16160,854],{"class":69},[55,16162,6017],{"class":3443},[55,16164,16165],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,16166,8906],{"class":69},[55,16168,16169],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,16170,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,16172,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,16174,117],{"class":116},[55,16176,120],{"class":69},[55,16178,11180],{"class":123},[55,16180,127],{"class":69},[55,16182,74],{"class":73},[55,16184,14856],{"class":77},[55,16186,74],{"class":73},[55,16188,282],{"class":69},[14,16190,16191,16192,198],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[194,16193,16195],{"href":16194},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[14,16197,16198],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[21,16200,16201,16204,16207],{},[24,16202,16203],{},"labels are not needed",[24,16205,16206],{},"you mostly care about position",[24,16208,16209],{},"order matters more than named fields",[37,16211,1298],{"id":1297},[14,16213,16214],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[21,16216,16217,16220,16223,16226,16229],{},[24,16218,16219],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[24,16221,16222],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[24,16224,16225],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[24,16227,16228],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[24,16230,16231,16232,16234],{},"Mixing up ",[52,16233,3382],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[1425,16236,16238],{"id":16237},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[14,16240,16241],{},"Wrong:",[45,16243,16245],{"className":47,"code":16244,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[52,16246,16247],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16248,16249],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16250,16244],{"class":137},[14,16252,16253],{},"Correct:",[45,16255,16257],{"className":47,"code":16256,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[52,16258,16259,16283],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16260,16261,16263,16265,16267,16269,16271,16273,16275,16277,16279,16281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16262,12464],{"class":61},[55,16264,66],{"class":65},[55,16266,10088],{"class":69},[55,16268,74],{"class":73},[55,16270,7263],{"class":77},[55,16272,74],{"class":73},[55,16274,854],{"class":69},[55,16276,86],{"class":73},[55,16278,645],{"class":77},[55,16280,74],{"class":73},[55,16282,8906],{"class":69},[55,16284,16285,16287,16289,16291],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16286,117],{"class":116},[55,16288,120],{"class":69},[55,16290,13222],{"class":123},[55,16292,103],{"class":69},[1425,16294,16296],{"id":16295},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[14,16298,16241],{},[45,16300,16302],{"className":47,"code":16301,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[52,16303,16304],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16305,16306],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16307,16301],{"class":137},[14,16309,16310,16311,16313,16314,16316],{},"This only works if ",[52,16312,7263],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[52,16315,14837],{},", use quotes.",[14,16318,16253],{},[45,16320,16321],{"className":47,"code":16256,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,16322,16323,16347],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16324,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333,16335,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16326,12464],{"class":61},[55,16328,66],{"class":65},[55,16330,10088],{"class":69},[55,16332,74],{"class":73},[55,16334,7263],{"class":77},[55,16336,74],{"class":73},[55,16338,854],{"class":69},[55,16340,86],{"class":73},[55,16342,645],{"class":77},[55,16344,74],{"class":73},[55,16346,8906],{"class":69},[55,16348,16349,16351,16353,16355],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16350,117],{"class":116},[55,16352,120],{"class":69},[55,16354,13222],{"class":123},[55,16356,103],{"class":69},[1425,16358,16360],{"id":16359},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[45,16362,16364],{"className":47,"code":16363,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[52,16365,16366,16398],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16367,16368,16370,16372,16374,16376,16378,16380,16382,16384,16386,16388,16390,16392,16394,16396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16369,8763],{"class":61},[55,16371,66],{"class":65},[55,16373,10088],{"class":69},[55,16375,74],{"class":73},[55,16377,8896],{"class":77},[55,16379,74],{"class":73},[55,16381,854],{"class":69},[55,16383,255],{"class":130},[55,16385,83],{"class":69},[55,16387,86],{"class":73},[55,16389,8896],{"class":77},[55,16391,74],{"class":73},[55,16393,854],{"class":69},[55,16395,260],{"class":130},[55,16397,8906],{"class":69},[55,16399,16400,16402,16404,16406],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16401,117],{"class":116},[55,16403,120],{"class":69},[55,16405,8802],{"class":123},[55,16407,103],{"class":69},[14,16409,16410],{},[3332,16411,314],{},[45,16413,16415],{"className":47,"code":16414,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'age': 30}\n",[52,16416,16417],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16418,16419,16421,16423,16425,16427,16429,16431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16420,8875],{"class":69},[55,16422,2889],{"class":73},[55,16424,8896],{"class":77},[55,16426,2889],{"class":73},[55,16428,854],{"class":69},[55,16430,260],{"class":130},[55,16432,8906],{"class":69},[37,16434,16436],{"id":16435},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[14,16438,16439],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[45,16441,16443],{"className":47,"code":16442,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[52,16444,16445,16481,16485,16495,16509,16524,16538],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16446,16447,16449,16451,16453,16455,16457,16459,16461,16463,16465,16467,16469,16471,16473,16475,16477,16479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16448,11323],{"class":61},[55,16450,66],{"class":65},[55,16452,10088],{"class":69},[55,16454,74],{"class":73},[55,16456,7263],{"class":77},[55,16458,74],{"class":73},[55,16460,854],{"class":69},[55,16462,86],{"class":73},[55,16464,645],{"class":77},[55,16466,74],{"class":73},[55,16468,83],{"class":69},[55,16470,86],{"class":73},[55,16472,8896],{"class":77},[55,16474,74],{"class":73},[55,16476,854],{"class":69},[55,16478,255],{"class":130},[55,16480,8906],{"class":69},[55,16482,16483],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16484,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,16486,16487,16489,16491,16493],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,16488,117],{"class":116},[55,16490,120],{"class":69},[55,16492,11048],{"class":123},[55,16494,103],{"class":69},[55,16496,16497,16499,16501,16503,16505,16507],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,16498,117],{"class":116},[55,16500,120],{"class":69},[55,16502,1396],{"class":850},[55,16504,120],{"class":69},[55,16506,11048],{"class":123},[55,16508,1357],{"class":69},[55,16510,16511,16513,16515,16517,16519,16522],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,16512,117],{"class":116},[55,16514,120],{"class":69},[55,16516,11048],{"class":123},[55,16518,198],{"class":69},[55,16520,16521],{"class":123},"keys",[55,16523,6788],{"class":69},[55,16525,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16536],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,16527,117],{"class":116},[55,16529,120],{"class":69},[55,16531,11048],{"class":123},[55,16533,198],{"class":69},[55,16535,4951],{"class":123},[55,16537,6788],{"class":69},[55,16539,16540,16542,16544,16546,16548,16550],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,16541,117],{"class":116},[55,16543,120],{"class":69},[55,16545,940],{"class":116},[55,16547,120],{"class":69},[55,16549,11048],{"class":123},[55,16551,1357],{"class":69},[14,16553,16554],{},[3332,16555,16556],{},"Example output:",[45,16558,16560],{"className":47,"code":16559,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[52,16561,16562,16594,16608,16631,16650],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16563,16564,16566,16568,16570,16572,16574,16576,16578,16580,16582,16584,16586,16588,16590,16592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16565,8875],{"class":69},[55,16567,2889],{"class":73},[55,16569,7263],{"class":77},[55,16571,2889],{"class":73},[55,16573,854],{"class":69},[55,16575,2884],{"class":73},[55,16577,645],{"class":77},[55,16579,2889],{"class":73},[55,16581,83],{"class":69},[55,16583,2884],{"class":73},[55,16585,8896],{"class":77},[55,16587,2889],{"class":73},[55,16589,854],{"class":69},[55,16591,255],{"class":130},[55,16593,8906],{"class":69},[55,16595,16596,16598,16600,16602,16604,16606],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16597,2878],{"class":65},[55,16599,2881],{"class":1648},[55,16601,2884],{"class":73},[55,16603,8418],{"class":77},[55,16605,2889],{"class":73},[55,16607,2892],{"class":65},[55,16609,16610,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621,16623,16625,16627,16629],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,16611,16612],{"class":123},"dict_keys",[55,16614,2573],{"class":69},[55,16616,2889],{"class":73},[55,16618,7263],{"class":77},[55,16620,2889],{"class":73},[55,16622,83],{"class":69},[55,16624,2884],{"class":73},[55,16626,8896],{"class":77},[55,16628,2889],{"class":73},[55,16630,282],{"class":69},[55,16632,16633,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644,16646,16648],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,16634,16635],{"class":123},"dict_values",[55,16637,2573],{"class":69},[55,16639,2889],{"class":73},[55,16641,645],{"class":77},[55,16643,2889],{"class":73},[55,16645,83],{"class":69},[55,16647,255],{"class":130},[55,16649,282],{"class":69},[55,16651,16652],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,16653,16654],{"class":130},"2\n",[14,16656,16657,16658,1773,16664,16670,16671,198],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[194,16659,10335,16661],{"href":16660},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[52,16662,16663],{},"keys()",[194,16665,10335,16667],{"href":16666},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[52,16668,16669],{},"values()",", and ",[194,16672,10335,16674],{"href":16673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[52,16675,16676],{},"items()",[37,16678,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,16680,16682],{"id":16681},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[14,16684,1440,16685,2465,16687,16689],{},[52,16686,3382],{},[52,16688,8717],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[1425,16691,16693],{"id":16692},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[14,16695,16696,16697,198],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[52,16698,16699],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[1425,16701,16703],{"id":16702},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[14,16705,16706],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[1425,16708,16710],{"id":16709},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[14,16712,16713],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[1425,16715,4771,16717,3983,16719,2078],{"id":16716},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[52,16718,3382],{},[52,16720,8717],{},[14,16722,16723,16725,16726,16728],{},[52,16724,3382],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[52,16727,8717],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[37,16730,1495],{"id":1494},[21,16732,16733,16737,16743,16747,16753],{},[24,16734,16735],{},[194,16736,8753],{"href":8752},[24,16738,16739],{},[194,16740,10335,16741,10339],{"href":10334},[52,16742,10338],{},[24,16744,16745],{},[194,16746,10849],{"href":10329},[24,16748,16749],{},[194,16750,16752],{"href":16751},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[24,16754,16755],{},[194,16756,10860],{"href":10673},[14,16758,16759],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1524,16761,16762],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":16764},[16765,16766,16767,16768,16771,16774,16779,16780,16785,16786,16791,16792,16800],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":14759,"depth":106,"text":14760},{"id":14777,"depth":106,"text":14765},{"id":14862,"depth":106,"text":14863,"children":16769},[16770],{"id":15014,"depth":113,"text":15015},{"id":8999,"depth":106,"text":9000,"children":16772},[16773],{"id":15193,"depth":113,"text":15194},{"id":15306,"depth":106,"text":16775,"children":16776},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16777],{"id":15432,"depth":113,"text":16778},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9041,"depth":106,"text":9042},{"id":15786,"depth":106,"text":15787,"children":16781},[16782,16783,16784],{"id":15807,"depth":113,"text":15808},{"id":15909,"depth":113,"text":15910},{"id":15991,"depth":113,"text":15992},{"id":16077,"depth":106,"text":16078},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":16787},[16788,16789,16790],{"id":16237,"depth":113,"text":16238},{"id":16295,"depth":113,"text":16296},{"id":16359,"depth":113,"text":16360},{"id":16435,"depth":106,"text":16436},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":16793},[16794,16795,16796,16797,16798],{"id":16681,"depth":113,"text":16682},{"id":16692,"depth":113,"text":16693},{"id":16702,"depth":113,"text":16703},{"id":16709,"depth":113,"text":16710},{"id":16716,"depth":113,"text":16799},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14602,"description":16801},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16807,"title":16808,"body":16809,"description":19257,"extension":1546,"meta":19258,"navigation":109,"path":19259,"seo":19260,"stem":19261,"__hash__":19262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16810,"toc":19213},[16811,16817,16823,16826,16829,16831,16913,16919,16924,16928,16946,16958,16963,16967,16990,16994,17006,17014,17018,17024,17026,17029,17102,17104,17149,17151,17168,17173,17179,17184,17258,17260,17305,17308,17319,17321,17440,17442,17495,17502,17506,17509,17526,17532,17536,17634,17636,17688,17695,17699,17705,17708,17711,17738,17743,17747,17750,17854,17856,17901,17904,17907,17912,17917,17928,17930,17991,18051,18057,18065,18071,18076,18081,18141,18145,18212,18215,18219,18290,18293,18306,18313,18315,18319,18323,18394,18396,18433,18436,18439,18502,18509,18512,18554,18563,18566,18635,18641,18646,18730,18732,18781,18788,18794,18839,18841,18874,18879,18883,18889,18928,18972,19040,19083,19085,19091,19094,19098,19103,19107,19110,19114,19116,19177,19179,19205,19210],[10,16812,10916,16814,10920],{"id":16813},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[52,16815,16816],{},"fromkeys()",[14,16818,16819,16822],{},[52,16820,16821],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[14,16824,16825],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[14,16827,16828],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[37,16830,1588],{"id":1587},[45,16832,16834],{"className":47,"code":16833,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[52,16835,16836,16869,16897,16908],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16837,16838,16841,16843,16845,16847,16849,16851,16853,16855,16857,16859,16861,16863,16865,16867],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16839,16840],{"class":61},"keys ",[55,16842,66],{"class":65},[55,16844,3211],{"class":69},[55,16846,74],{"class":73},[55,16848,7263],{"class":77},[55,16850,74],{"class":73},[55,16852,83],{"class":69},[55,16854,86],{"class":73},[55,16856,8896],{"class":77},[55,16858,74],{"class":73},[55,16860,83],{"class":69},[55,16862,86],{"class":73},[55,16864,10006],{"class":77},[55,16866,74],{"class":73},[55,16868,386],{"class":69},[55,16870,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16882,16884,16886,16888,16890,16893,16895],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,16872,12802],{"class":61},[55,16874,66],{"class":65},[55,16876,8768],{"class":850},[55,16878,198],{"class":69},[55,16880,16881],{"class":123},"fromkeys",[55,16883,120],{"class":69},[55,16885,16521],{"class":123},[55,16887,83],{"class":69},[55,16889,86],{"class":73},[55,16891,16892],{"class":77},"unknown",[55,16894,74],{"class":73},[55,16896,103],{"class":69},[55,16898,16899,16901,16903,16906],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,16900,117],{"class":116},[55,16902,120],{"class":69},[55,16904,16905],{"class":123},"person",[55,16907,103],{"class":69},[55,16909,16910],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,16911,16912],{"class":137},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[14,16914,1440,16915,16918],{},[52,16916,16917],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[37,16920,3265,16922,3268],{"id":16921},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[52,16923,16821],{},[14,16925,16926,854],{},[52,16927,16821],{},[21,16929,16930,16933,16936,16939],{},[24,16931,16932],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[24,16934,16935],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[24,16937,16938],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[24,16940,16941,16942,16945],{},"Is called as ",[52,16943,16944],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[14,16947,16948,16949,16951,16952,16954,16955,198],{},"This is a class method on ",[52,16950,8418],{},", so you write ",[52,16953,16944],{}," instead of something like ",[52,16956,16957],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[14,16959,16960,16961,198],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[194,16962,8753],{"href":12623},[37,16964,16966],{"id":16965},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[45,16968,16970],{"className":47,"code":16969,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[52,16971,16972],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,16973,16974,16976,16978,16980,16982,16984,16986,16988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,16975,8418],{"class":850},[55,16977,198],{"class":69},[55,16979,16881],{"class":123},[55,16981,120],{"class":69},[55,16983,3309],{"class":123},[55,16985,83],{"class":69},[55,16987,8028],{"class":123},[55,16989,103],{"class":69},[1425,16991,16993],{"id":16992},"parameters","Parameters",[21,16995,16996,17001],{},[24,16997,16998,17000],{},[52,16999,3309],{},": the keys to use",[24,17002,17003,17005],{},[52,17004,2058],{},": optional starting value for every key",[14,17007,17008,17009,17011,17012,198],{},"If you leave out ",[52,17010,2058],{},", each key gets ",[52,17013,3368],{},[1425,17015,17017],{"id":17016},"return-value","Return value",[14,17019,17020,17021,198],{},"It returns a ",[3332,17022,17023],{},"new dictionary",[37,17025,5380],{"id":5379},[14,17027,17028],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[45,17030,17032],{"className":47,"code":17031,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[52,17033,17034,17066,17088,17092],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17035,17036,17038,17040,17042,17044,17046,17048,17050,17052,17054,17056,17058,17060,17062,17064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17037,16840],{"class":61},[55,17039,66],{"class":65},[55,17041,3211],{"class":69},[55,17043,74],{"class":73},[55,17045,78],{"class":77},[55,17047,74],{"class":73},[55,17049,83],{"class":69},[55,17051,86],{"class":73},[55,17053,89],{"class":77},[55,17055,74],{"class":73},[55,17057,83],{"class":69},[55,17059,86],{"class":73},[55,17061,98],{"class":77},[55,17063,74],{"class":73},[55,17065,386],{"class":69},[55,17067,17068,17070,17072,17074,17076,17078,17080,17082,17084,17086],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,17069,62],{"class":61},[55,17071,66],{"class":65},[55,17073,8768],{"class":850},[55,17075,198],{"class":69},[55,17077,16881],{"class":123},[55,17079,120],{"class":69},[55,17081,16521],{"class":123},[55,17083,83],{"class":69},[55,17085,3424],{"class":130},[55,17087,103],{"class":69},[55,17089,17090],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,17091,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17093,17094,17096,17098,17100],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,17095,117],{"class":116},[55,17097,120],{"class":69},[55,17099,124],{"class":123},[55,17101,103],{"class":69},[14,17103,314],{},[45,17105,17107],{"className":47,"code":17106,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[52,17108,17109],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17110,17111,17113,17115,17117,17119,17121,17123,17125,17127,17129,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143,17145,17147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17112,8875],{"class":69},[55,17114,2889],{"class":73},[55,17116,78],{"class":77},[55,17118,2889],{"class":73},[55,17120,854],{"class":69},[55,17122,3424],{"class":130},[55,17124,83],{"class":69},[55,17126,2884],{"class":73},[55,17128,89],{"class":77},[55,17130,2889],{"class":73},[55,17132,854],{"class":69},[55,17134,3424],{"class":130},[55,17136,83],{"class":69},[55,17138,2884],{"class":73},[55,17140,98],{"class":77},[55,17142,2889],{"class":73},[55,17144,854],{"class":69},[55,17146,3424],{"class":130},[55,17148,8906],{"class":69},[14,17150,11282],{},[21,17152,17153,17158,17163],{},[24,17154,17155,17157],{},[52,17156,16521],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[24,17159,17160,17162],{},[52,17161,131],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[24,17164,17165,17167],{},[52,17166,16821],{}," returns the new dictionary",[14,17169,17170,17171,198],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[194,17172,8989],{"href":12626},[37,17174,8012,17176,17178],{"id":17175},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[52,17177,16816],{}," without a value",[14,17180,17181,17182,198],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[52,17183,3368],{},[45,17185,17187],{"className":47,"code":17186,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[52,17188,17189,17223,17243,17247],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17190,17191,17194,17196,17198,17200,17202,17204,17206,17208,17210,17212,17214,17216,17219,17221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17192,17193],{"class":61},"fields ",[55,17195,66],{"class":65},[55,17197,3211],{"class":69},[55,17199,74],{"class":73},[55,17201,7580],{"class":77},[55,17203,74],{"class":73},[55,17205,83],{"class":69},[55,17207,86],{"class":73},[55,17209,14856],{"class":77},[55,17211,74],{"class":73},[55,17213,83],{"class":69},[55,17215,86],{"class":73},[55,17217,17218],{"class":77},"password",[55,17220,74],{"class":73},[55,17222,386],{"class":69},[55,17224,17225,17228,17230,17232,17234,17236,17238,17241],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,17226,17227],{"class":61},"user_data ",[55,17229,66],{"class":65},[55,17231,8768],{"class":850},[55,17233,198],{"class":69},[55,17235,16881],{"class":123},[55,17237,120],{"class":69},[55,17239,17240],{"class":123},"fields",[55,17242,103],{"class":69},[55,17244,17245],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,17246,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17248,17249,17251,17253,17256],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,17250,117],{"class":116},[55,17252,120],{"class":69},[55,17254,17255],{"class":123},"user_data",[55,17257,103],{"class":69},[14,17259,314],{},[45,17261,17263],{"className":47,"code":17262,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[52,17264,17265],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17266,17267,17269,17271,17273,17275,17277,17279,17281,17283,17285,17287,17289,17291,17293,17295,17297,17299,17301,17303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17268,8875],{"class":69},[55,17270,2889],{"class":73},[55,17272,7580],{"class":77},[55,17274,2889],{"class":73},[55,17276,854],{"class":69},[55,17278,3444],{"class":3443},[55,17280,83],{"class":69},[55,17282,2884],{"class":73},[55,17284,14856],{"class":77},[55,17286,2889],{"class":73},[55,17288,854],{"class":69},[55,17290,3444],{"class":3443},[55,17292,83],{"class":69},[55,17294,2884],{"class":73},[55,17296,17218],{"class":77},[55,17298,2889],{"class":73},[55,17300,854],{"class":69},[55,17302,3444],{"class":3443},[55,17304,8906],{"class":69},[14,17306,17307],{},"This is useful when:",[21,17309,17310,17313,17316],{},[24,17311,17312],{},"You want to create the keys first",[24,17314,17315],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[24,17317,17318],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[14,17320,233],{},[45,17322,17324],{"className":47,"code":17323,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[52,17325,17326,17358,17376,17380,17403,17426,17430],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17327,17328,17330,17332,17334,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17329,17193],{"class":61},[55,17331,66],{"class":65},[55,17333,3211],{"class":69},[55,17335,74],{"class":73},[55,17337,7580],{"class":77},[55,17339,74],{"class":73},[55,17341,83],{"class":69},[55,17343,86],{"class":73},[55,17345,14856],{"class":77},[55,17347,74],{"class":73},[55,17349,83],{"class":69},[55,17351,86],{"class":73},[55,17353,17218],{"class":77},[55,17355,74],{"class":73},[55,17357,386],{"class":69},[55,17359,17360,17362,17364,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,17361,17227],{"class":61},[55,17363,66],{"class":65},[55,17365,8768],{"class":850},[55,17367,198],{"class":69},[55,17369,16881],{"class":123},[55,17371,120],{"class":69},[55,17373,17240],{"class":123},[55,17375,103],{"class":69},[55,17377,17378],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,17379,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17381,17382,17384,17386,17388,17390,17392,17394,17396,17398,17401],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,17383,17255],{"class":61},[55,17385,127],{"class":69},[55,17387,74],{"class":73},[55,17389,7580],{"class":77},[55,17391,74],{"class":73},[55,17393,1277],{"class":69},[55,17395,1280],{"class":65},[55,17397,86],{"class":73},[55,17399,17400],{"class":77},"alice",[55,17402,1288],{"class":73},[55,17404,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17415,17417,17419,17421,17424],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,17406,17255],{"class":61},[55,17408,127],{"class":69},[55,17410,74],{"class":73},[55,17412,14856],{"class":77},[55,17414,74],{"class":73},[55,17416,1277],{"class":69},[55,17418,1280],{"class":65},[55,17420,86],{"class":73},[55,17422,17423],{"class":77},"alice@example.com",[55,17425,1288],{"class":73},[55,17427,17428],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,17429,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17431,17432,17434,17436,17438],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,17433,117],{"class":116},[55,17435,120],{"class":69},[55,17437,17255],{"class":123},[55,17439,103],{"class":69},[14,17441,314],{},[45,17443,17445],{"className":47,"code":17444,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[52,17446,17447],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17448,17449,17451,17453,17455,17457,17459,17461,17463,17465,17467,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483,17485,17487,17489,17491,17493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17450,8875],{"class":69},[55,17452,2889],{"class":73},[55,17454,7580],{"class":77},[55,17456,2889],{"class":73},[55,17458,854],{"class":69},[55,17460,2884],{"class":73},[55,17462,17400],{"class":77},[55,17464,2889],{"class":73},[55,17466,83],{"class":69},[55,17468,2884],{"class":73},[55,17470,14856],{"class":77},[55,17472,2889],{"class":73},[55,17474,854],{"class":69},[55,17476,2884],{"class":73},[55,17478,17423],{"class":77},[55,17480,2889],{"class":73},[55,17482,83],{"class":69},[55,17484,2884],{"class":73},[55,17486,17218],{"class":77},[55,17488,2889],{"class":73},[55,17490,854],{"class":69},[55,17492,3444],{"class":3443},[55,17494,8906],{"class":69},[14,17496,17497,17498,198],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[194,17499,17501],{"href":17500},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[37,17503,17505],{"id":17504},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[14,17507,17508],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[21,17510,17511,17516,17521],{},[24,17512,17513,17515],{},[52,17514,3377],{}," (list)",[24,17517,17518,17520],{},[52,17519,3382],{}," (dictionary)",[24,17522,17523,17525],{},[52,17524,3387],{}," (set)",[14,17527,17528,17529,198],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3332,17530,17531],{},"same object",[1425,17533,17535],{"id":17534},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[45,17537,17539],{"className":47,"code":17538,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[52,17540,17541,17573,17594,17598,17620,17624],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17542,17543,17545,17547,17549,17551,17553,17555,17557,17559,17561,17563,17565,17567,17569,17571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17544,16840],{"class":61},[55,17546,66],{"class":65},[55,17548,3211],{"class":69},[55,17550,74],{"class":73},[55,17552,194],{"class":77},[55,17554,74],{"class":73},[55,17556,83],{"class":69},[55,17558,86],{"class":73},[55,17560,786],{"class":77},[55,17562,74],{"class":73},[55,17564,83],{"class":69},[55,17566,86],{"class":73},[55,17568,795],{"class":77},[55,17570,74],{"class":73},[55,17572,386],{"class":69},[55,17574,17575,17577,17579,17581,17583,17585,17587,17589,17591],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,17576,8763],{"class":61},[55,17578,66],{"class":65},[55,17580,8768],{"class":850},[55,17582,198],{"class":69},[55,17584,16881],{"class":123},[55,17586,120],{"class":69},[55,17588,16521],{"class":123},[55,17590,83],{"class":69},[55,17592,17593],{"class":69}," [])\n",[55,17595,17596],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,17597,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17599,17600,17602,17604,17606,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,17601,8802],{"class":61},[55,17603,127],{"class":69},[55,17605,74],{"class":73},[55,17607,194],{"class":77},[55,17609,74],{"class":73},[55,17611,13146],{"class":69},[55,17613,13149],{"class":123},[55,17615,120],{"class":69},[55,17617,152],{"class":130},[55,17619,103],{"class":69},[55,17621,17622],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,17623,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17625,17626,17628,17630,17632],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,17627,117],{"class":116},[55,17629,120],{"class":69},[55,17631,8802],{"class":123},[55,17633,103],{"class":69},[14,17635,314],{},[45,17637,17639],{"className":47,"code":17638,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[52,17640,17641],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17642,17643,17645,17647,17649,17651,17653,17655,17657,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17674,17676,17678,17680,17682,17684,17686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17644,8875],{"class":69},[55,17646,2889],{"class":73},[55,17648,194],{"class":77},[55,17650,2889],{"class":73},[55,17652,854],{"class":69},[55,17654,3211],{"class":69},[55,17656,152],{"class":130},[55,17658,17659],{"class":69},"],",[55,17661,2884],{"class":73},[55,17663,786],{"class":77},[55,17665,2889],{"class":73},[55,17667,854],{"class":69},[55,17669,3211],{"class":69},[55,17671,152],{"class":130},[55,17673,17659],{"class":69},[55,17675,2884],{"class":73},[55,17677,795],{"class":77},[55,17679,2889],{"class":73},[55,17681,854],{"class":69},[55,17683,3211],{"class":69},[55,17685,152],{"class":130},[55,17687,13302],{"class":69},[14,17689,17690,17691,17694],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[52,17692,17693],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[1425,17696,17698],{"id":17697},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[14,17700,17701,17704],{},[52,17702,17703],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[14,17706,17707],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[14,17709,17710],{},"So this:",[45,17712,17714],{"className":47,"code":17713,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[52,17715,17716],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17717,17718,17720,17722,17724,17726,17728,17730,17732,17734,17736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17719,8802],{"class":61},[55,17721,127],{"class":69},[55,17723,74],{"class":73},[55,17725,194],{"class":77},[55,17727,74],{"class":73},[55,17729,13146],{"class":69},[55,17731,13149],{"class":123},[55,17733,120],{"class":69},[55,17735,152],{"class":130},[55,17737,103],{"class":69},[14,17739,17740,17741,198],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[52,17742,17693],{},[1425,17744,17746],{"id":17745},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[14,17748,17749],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[45,17751,17753],{"className":47,"code":17752,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[52,17754,17755,17787,17814,17818,17840,17844],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17756,17757,17759,17761,17763,17765,17767,17769,17771,17773,17775,17777,17779,17781,17783,17785],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17758,16840],{"class":61},[55,17760,66],{"class":65},[55,17762,3211],{"class":69},[55,17764,74],{"class":73},[55,17766,194],{"class":77},[55,17768,74],{"class":73},[55,17770,83],{"class":69},[55,17772,86],{"class":73},[55,17774,786],{"class":77},[55,17776,74],{"class":73},[55,17778,83],{"class":69},[55,17780,86],{"class":73},[55,17782,795],{"class":77},[55,17784,74],{"class":73},[55,17786,386],{"class":69},[55,17788,17789,17791,17793,17795,17797,17799,17802,17804,17807,17809,17812],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,17790,8763],{"class":61},[55,17792,66],{"class":65},[55,17794,10088],{"class":69},[55,17796,14438],{"class":61},[55,17798,854],{"class":69},[55,17800,17801],{"class":69}," []",[55,17803,3468],{"class":959},[55,17805,17806],{"class":61}," key ",[55,17808,3474],{"class":959},[55,17810,17811],{"class":61}," keys",[55,17813,8906],{"class":69},[55,17815,17816],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,17817,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17819,17820,17822,17824,17826,17828,17830,17832,17834,17836,17838],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,17821,8802],{"class":61},[55,17823,127],{"class":69},[55,17825,74],{"class":73},[55,17827,194],{"class":77},[55,17829,74],{"class":73},[55,17831,13146],{"class":69},[55,17833,13149],{"class":123},[55,17835,120],{"class":69},[55,17837,152],{"class":130},[55,17839,103],{"class":69},[55,17841,17842],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,17843,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,17845,17846,17848,17850,17852],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,17847,117],{"class":116},[55,17849,120],{"class":69},[55,17851,8802],{"class":123},[55,17853,103],{"class":69},[14,17855,314],{},[45,17857,17859],{"className":47,"code":17858,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[52,17860,17861],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17862,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871,17873,17875,17877,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17864,8875],{"class":69},[55,17866,2889],{"class":73},[55,17868,194],{"class":77},[55,17870,2889],{"class":73},[55,17872,854],{"class":69},[55,17874,3211],{"class":69},[55,17876,152],{"class":130},[55,17878,17659],{"class":69},[55,17880,2884],{"class":73},[55,17882,786],{"class":77},[55,17884,2889],{"class":73},[55,17886,854],{"class":69},[55,17888,17889],{"class":69}," [],",[55,17891,2884],{"class":73},[55,17893,795],{"class":77},[55,17895,2889],{"class":73},[55,17897,854],{"class":69},[55,17899,17900],{"class":69}," []}\n",[14,17902,17903],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[14,17905,17906],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[37,17908,4553,17910],{"id":17909},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[52,17911,16816],{},[14,17913,17914,17916],{},[52,17915,16821],{}," is a good choice when:",[21,17918,17919,17922,17925],{},[24,17920,17921],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[24,17923,17924],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[24,17926,17927],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[14,17929,1708],{},[45,17931,17933],{"className":47,"code":17932,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[52,17934,17935,17980],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17936,17937,17940,17942,17944,17946,17948,17950,17952,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17969,17972,17974,17976,17978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17938,17939],{"class":61},"flags ",[55,17941,66],{"class":65},[55,17943,8768],{"class":850},[55,17945,198],{"class":69},[55,17947,16881],{"class":123},[55,17949,2573],{"class":69},[55,17951,74],{"class":73},[55,17953,17954],{"class":77},"is_admin",[55,17956,74],{"class":73},[55,17958,83],{"class":69},[55,17960,86],{"class":73},[55,17962,14676],{"class":77},[55,17964,74],{"class":73},[55,17966,83],{"class":69},[55,17968,86],{"class":73},[55,17970,17971],{"class":77},"is_verified",[55,17973,74],{"class":73},[55,17975,17659],{"class":69},[55,17977,3497],{"class":3443},[55,17979,103],{"class":69},[55,17981,17982,17984,17986,17989],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,17983,117],{"class":116},[55,17985,120],{"class":69},[55,17987,17988],{"class":123},"flags",[55,17990,103],{"class":69},[45,17992,17994],{"className":47,"code":17993,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[52,17995,17996,18041],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,17997,17998,18000,18002,18004,18006,18008,18010,18012,18015,18017,18019,18021,18024,18026,18028,18030,18033,18035,18037,18039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,17999,4654],{"class":61},[55,18001,66],{"class":65},[55,18003,8768],{"class":850},[55,18005,198],{"class":69},[55,18007,16881],{"class":123},[55,18009,2573],{"class":69},[55,18011,74],{"class":73},[55,18013,18014],{"class":77},"math",[55,18016,74],{"class":73},[55,18018,83],{"class":69},[55,18020,86],{"class":73},[55,18022,18023],{"class":77},"science",[55,18025,74],{"class":73},[55,18027,83],{"class":69},[55,18029,86],{"class":73},[55,18031,18032],{"class":77},"history",[55,18034,74],{"class":73},[55,18036,17659],{"class":69},[55,18038,3424],{"class":130},[55,18040,103],{"class":69},[55,18042,18043,18045,18047,18049],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18044,117],{"class":116},[55,18046,120],{"class":69},[55,18048,15986],{"class":123},[55,18050,103],{"class":69},[14,18052,18053,18054,18056],{},"It is ",[3332,18055,4222],{}," the best choice when:",[21,18058,18059,18062],{},[24,18060,18061],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[24,18063,18064],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[37,18066,18068,18070],{"id":18067},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[52,18069,16816],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[14,18072,18073,18075],{},[52,18074,16816],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[1425,18077,8012,18079],{"id":18078},"using-fromkeys",[52,18080,16816],{},[45,18082,18084],{"className":47,"code":18083,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[52,18085,18086,18131],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18087,18088,18090,18092,18094,18096,18098,18100,18102,18105,18107,18109,18111,18114,18116,18118,18120,18123,18125,18127,18129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18089,13422],{"class":61},[55,18091,66],{"class":65},[55,18093,8768],{"class":850},[55,18095,198],{"class":69},[55,18097,16881],{"class":123},[55,18099,2573],{"class":69},[55,18101,74],{"class":73},[55,18103,18104],{"class":77},"sound",[55,18106,74],{"class":73},[55,18108,83],{"class":69},[55,18110,86],{"class":73},[55,18112,18113],{"class":77},"music",[55,18115,74],{"class":73},[55,18117,83],{"class":69},[55,18119,86],{"class":73},[55,18121,18122],{"class":77},"notifications",[55,18124,74],{"class":73},[55,18126,17659],{"class":69},[55,18128,3506],{"class":3443},[55,18130,103],{"class":69},[55,18132,18133,18135,18137,18139],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18134,117],{"class":116},[55,18136,120],{"class":69},[55,18138,13481],{"class":123},[55,18140,103],{"class":69},[1425,18142,18144],{"id":18143},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[45,18146,18148],{"className":47,"code":18147,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[52,18149,18150,18158,18172,18186,18198,18202],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18151,18152,18154,18156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18153,13422],{"class":61},[55,18155,66],{"class":65},[55,18157,11091],{"class":69},[55,18159,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18161,11096],{"class":73},[55,18163,18104],{"class":77},[55,18165,74],{"class":73},[55,18167,854],{"class":69},[55,18169,3506],{"class":3443},[55,18171,11112],{"class":69},[55,18173,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182,18184],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,18175,11096],{"class":73},[55,18177,18113],{"class":77},[55,18179,74],{"class":73},[55,18181,854],{"class":69},[55,18183,3497],{"class":3443},[55,18185,11112],{"class":69},[55,18187,18188,18190,18192,18194,18196],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,18189,11096],{"class":73},[55,18191,18122],{"class":77},[55,18193,74],{"class":73},[55,18195,854],{"class":69},[55,18197,6017],{"class":3443},[55,18199,18200],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,18201,8906],{"class":69},[55,18203,18204,18206,18208,18210],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,18205,117],{"class":116},[55,18207,120],{"class":69},[55,18209,13481],{"class":123},[55,18211,103],{"class":69},[14,18213,18214],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[1425,18216,18218],{"id":18217},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[45,18220,18222],{"className":47,"code":18221,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[52,18223,18224,18256,18280],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18225,18226,18228,18230,18232,18234,18236,18238,18240,18242,18244,18246,18248,18250,18252,18254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18227,16840],{"class":61},[55,18229,66],{"class":65},[55,18231,3211],{"class":69},[55,18233,74],{"class":73},[55,18235,194],{"class":77},[55,18237,74],{"class":73},[55,18239,83],{"class":69},[55,18241,86],{"class":73},[55,18243,786],{"class":77},[55,18245,74],{"class":73},[55,18247,83],{"class":69},[55,18249,86],{"class":73},[55,18251,795],{"class":77},[55,18253,74],{"class":73},[55,18255,386],{"class":69},[55,18257,18258,18260,18262,18264,18266,18268,18270,18272,18274,18276,18278],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18259,8763],{"class":61},[55,18261,66],{"class":65},[55,18263,10088],{"class":69},[55,18265,14438],{"class":61},[55,18267,854],{"class":69},[55,18269,17801],{"class":69},[55,18271,3468],{"class":959},[55,18273,17806],{"class":61},[55,18275,3474],{"class":959},[55,18277,17811],{"class":61},[55,18279,8906],{"class":69},[55,18281,18282,18284,18286,18288],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,18283,117],{"class":116},[55,18285,120],{"class":69},[55,18287,8802],{"class":123},[55,18289,103],{"class":69},[14,18291,18292],{},"Use:",[21,18294,18295,18300,18303],{},[24,18296,18297,18299],{},[52,18298,16816],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[24,18301,18302],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[24,18304,18305],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[14,18307,18308,18309,198],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[194,18310,10335,18311,10339],{"href":13629},[52,18312,14551],{},[37,18314,1298],{"id":1297},[14,18316,14330,18317,198],{},[52,18318,16821],{},[1425,18320,18322],{"id":18321},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[45,18324,18326],{"className":47,"code":18325,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[52,18327,18328,18361,18384],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18329,18330,18333,18335,18337,18339,18341,18343,18345,18347,18349,18351,18353,18355,18357,18359],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18331,18332],{"class":61},"d ",[55,18334,66],{"class":65},[55,18336,8768],{"class":850},[55,18338,198],{"class":69},[55,18340,16881],{"class":123},[55,18342,2573],{"class":69},[55,18344,74],{"class":73},[55,18346,194],{"class":77},[55,18348,74],{"class":73},[55,18350,83],{"class":69},[55,18352,86],{"class":73},[55,18354,786],{"class":77},[55,18356,74],{"class":73},[55,18358,17659],{"class":69},[55,18360,17593],{"class":69},[55,18362,18363,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374,18376,18378,18380,18382],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18364,18365],{"class":61},"d",[55,18367,127],{"class":69},[55,18369,74],{"class":73},[55,18371,194],{"class":77},[55,18373,74],{"class":73},[55,18375,13146],{"class":69},[55,18377,13149],{"class":123},[55,18379,120],{"class":69},[55,18381,152],{"class":130},[55,18383,103],{"class":69},[55,18385,18386,18388,18390,18392],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,18387,117],{"class":116},[55,18389,120],{"class":69},[55,18391,18365],{"class":123},[55,18393,103],{"class":69},[14,18395,314],{},[45,18397,18399],{"className":47,"code":18398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[52,18400,18401],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18402,18403,18405,18407,18409,18411,18413,18415,18417,18419,18421,18423,18425,18427,18429,18431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18404,8875],{"class":69},[55,18406,2889],{"class":73},[55,18408,194],{"class":77},[55,18410,2889],{"class":73},[55,18412,854],{"class":69},[55,18414,3211],{"class":69},[55,18416,152],{"class":130},[55,18418,17659],{"class":69},[55,18420,2884],{"class":73},[55,18422,786],{"class":77},[55,18424,2889],{"class":73},[55,18426,854],{"class":69},[55,18428,3211],{"class":69},[55,18430,152],{"class":130},[55,18432,13302],{"class":69},[14,18434,18435],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[14,18437,18438],{},"Use this instead:",[45,18440,18442],{"className":47,"code":18441,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[52,18443,18444,18468,18492],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18445,18446,18448,18450,18452,18454,18456,18458,18460,18462,18464,18466],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18447,16840],{"class":61},[55,18449,66],{"class":65},[55,18451,3211],{"class":69},[55,18453,74],{"class":73},[55,18455,194],{"class":77},[55,18457,74],{"class":73},[55,18459,83],{"class":69},[55,18461,86],{"class":73},[55,18463,786],{"class":77},[55,18465,74],{"class":73},[55,18467,386],{"class":69},[55,18469,18470,18472,18474,18476,18478,18480,18482,18484,18486,18488,18490],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18471,18332],{"class":61},[55,18473,66],{"class":65},[55,18475,10088],{"class":69},[55,18477,14438],{"class":61},[55,18479,854],{"class":69},[55,18481,17801],{"class":69},[55,18483,3468],{"class":959},[55,18485,17806],{"class":61},[55,18487,3474],{"class":959},[55,18489,17811],{"class":61},[55,18491,8906],{"class":69},[55,18493,18494,18496,18498,18500],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,18495,117],{"class":116},[55,18497,120],{"class":69},[55,18499,18365],{"class":123},[55,18501,103],{"class":69},[1425,18503,18505,18506,18508],{"id":18504},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[52,18507,16816],{}," on a list",[14,18510,18511],{},"Wrong idea:",[45,18513,18515],{"className":47,"code":18514,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[52,18516,18517,18549],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18518,18519,18521,18523,18525,18527,18529,18531,18533,18535,18537,18539,18541,18543,18545,18547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18520,16840],{"class":61},[55,18522,66],{"class":65},[55,18524,3211],{"class":69},[55,18526,74],{"class":73},[55,18528,194],{"class":77},[55,18530,74],{"class":73},[55,18532,83],{"class":69},[55,18534,86],{"class":73},[55,18536,786],{"class":77},[55,18538,74],{"class":73},[55,18540,83],{"class":69},[55,18542,86],{"class":73},[55,18544,795],{"class":77},[55,18546,74],{"class":73},[55,18548,386],{"class":69},[55,18550,18551],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18552,18553],{"class":137},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[14,18555,18556,18558,18559,222,18561,198],{},[52,18557,16816],{}," belongs to ",[52,18560,8418],{},[52,18562,7688],{},[14,18564,18565],{},"Correct usage:",[45,18567,18569],{"className":47,"code":18568,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[52,18570,18571,18603,18625],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18572,18573,18575,18577,18579,18581,18583,18585,18587,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18574,16840],{"class":61},[55,18576,66],{"class":65},[55,18578,3211],{"class":69},[55,18580,74],{"class":73},[55,18582,194],{"class":77},[55,18584,74],{"class":73},[55,18586,83],{"class":69},[55,18588,86],{"class":73},[55,18590,786],{"class":77},[55,18592,74],{"class":73},[55,18594,83],{"class":69},[55,18596,86],{"class":73},[55,18598,795],{"class":77},[55,18600,74],{"class":73},[55,18602,386],{"class":69},[55,18604,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617,18619,18621,18623],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18606,18332],{"class":61},[55,18608,66],{"class":65},[55,18610,8768],{"class":850},[55,18612,198],{"class":69},[55,18614,16881],{"class":123},[55,18616,120],{"class":69},[55,18618,16521],{"class":123},[55,18620,83],{"class":69},[55,18622,3424],{"class":130},[55,18624,103],{"class":69},[55,18626,18627,18629,18631,18633],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,18628,117],{"class":116},[55,18630,120],{"class":69},[55,18632,18365],{"class":123},[55,18634,103],{"class":69},[1425,18636,8048,18638,18640],{"id":18637},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[52,18639,16816],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[14,18642,18643,18645],{},[52,18644,16821],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[45,18647,18649],{"className":47,"code":18648,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[52,18650,18651,18671,18705,18709,18719],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18652,18653,18655,18657,18659,18661,18663,18665,18667,18669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18654,11685],{"class":61},[55,18656,66],{"class":65},[55,18658,10088],{"class":69},[55,18660,74],{"class":73},[55,18662,1757],{"class":77},[55,18664,74],{"class":73},[55,18666,854],{"class":69},[55,18668,5090],{"class":130},[55,18670,8906],{"class":69},[55,18672,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685,18687,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18674,12638],{"class":61},[55,18676,66],{"class":65},[55,18678,8768],{"class":850},[55,18680,198],{"class":69},[55,18682,16881],{"class":123},[55,18684,2573],{"class":69},[55,18686,74],{"class":73},[55,18688,194],{"class":77},[55,18690,74],{"class":73},[55,18692,83],{"class":69},[55,18694,86],{"class":73},[55,18696,786],{"class":77},[55,18698,74],{"class":73},[55,18700,17659],{"class":69},[55,18702,3424],{"class":130},[55,18704,103],{"class":69},[55,18706,18707],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,18708,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,18710,18711,18713,18715,18717],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,18712,117],{"class":116},[55,18714,120],{"class":69},[55,18716,11732],{"class":123},[55,18718,103],{"class":69},[55,18720,18721,18723,18725,18728],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,18722,117],{"class":116},[55,18724,120],{"class":69},[55,18726,18727],{"class":123},"new_dict",[55,18729,103],{"class":69},[14,18731,314],{},[45,18733,18735],{"className":47,"code":18734,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[52,18736,18737,18753],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18738,18739,18741,18743,18745,18747,18749,18751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18740,8875],{"class":69},[55,18742,2889],{"class":73},[55,18744,1757],{"class":77},[55,18746,2889],{"class":73},[55,18748,854],{"class":69},[55,18750,5090],{"class":130},[55,18752,8906],{"class":69},[55,18754,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767,18769,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18756,8875],{"class":69},[55,18758,2889],{"class":73},[55,18760,194],{"class":77},[55,18762,2889],{"class":73},[55,18764,854],{"class":69},[55,18766,3424],{"class":130},[55,18768,83],{"class":69},[55,18770,2884],{"class":73},[55,18772,786],{"class":77},[55,18774,2889],{"class":73},[55,18776,854],{"class":69},[55,18778,3424],{"class":130},[55,18780,8906],{"class":69},[14,18782,18783,18784,198],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[194,18785,10335,18786,10339],{"href":13629},[52,18787,14551],{},[1425,18789,18791,18792],{"id":18790},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[52,18793,3368],{},[45,18795,18797],{"className":47,"code":18796,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[52,18798,18799,18829],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18800,18801,18803,18805,18807,18809,18811,18813,18815,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18802,18332],{"class":61},[55,18804,66],{"class":65},[55,18806,8768],{"class":850},[55,18808,198],{"class":69},[55,18810,16881],{"class":123},[55,18812,2573],{"class":69},[55,18814,74],{"class":73},[55,18816,1757],{"class":77},[55,18818,74],{"class":73},[55,18820,83],{"class":69},[55,18822,86],{"class":73},[55,18824,11344],{"class":77},[55,18826,74],{"class":73},[55,18828,282],{"class":69},[55,18830,18831,18833,18835,18837],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18832,117],{"class":116},[55,18834,120],{"class":69},[55,18836,18365],{"class":123},[55,18838,103],{"class":69},[14,18840,314],{},[45,18842,18844],{"className":47,"code":18843,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[52,18845,18846],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18847,18848,18850,18852,18854,18856,18858,18860,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18849,8875],{"class":69},[55,18851,2889],{"class":73},[55,18853,1757],{"class":77},[55,18855,2889],{"class":73},[55,18857,854],{"class":69},[55,18859,3444],{"class":3443},[55,18861,83],{"class":69},[55,18863,2884],{"class":73},[55,18865,11344],{"class":77},[55,18867,2889],{"class":73},[55,18869,854],{"class":69},[55,18871,3444],{"class":3443},[55,18873,8906],{"class":69},[14,18875,18876,18877,198],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[52,18878,3368],{},[37,18880,18882],{"id":18881},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[14,18884,18885,18886,18888],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[52,18887,16816],{}," works.",[45,18890,18892],{"className":47,"code":18891,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[52,18893,18894],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18895,18896,18898,18900,18902,18904,18906,18908,18910,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18897,117],{"class":116},[55,18899,120],{"class":69},[55,18901,8418],{"class":850},[55,18903,198],{"class":69},[55,18905,16881],{"class":123},[55,18907,2573],{"class":69},[55,18909,74],{"class":73},[55,18911,194],{"class":77},[55,18913,74],{"class":73},[55,18915,83],{"class":69},[55,18917,86],{"class":73},[55,18919,786],{"class":77},[55,18921,74],{"class":73},[55,18923,17659],{"class":69},[55,18925,3424],{"class":130},[55,18927,1357],{"class":69},[45,18929,18930],{"className":47,"code":18796,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,18931,18932,18962],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18933,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18935,18332],{"class":61},[55,18937,66],{"class":65},[55,18939,8768],{"class":850},[55,18941,198],{"class":69},[55,18943,16881],{"class":123},[55,18945,2573],{"class":69},[55,18947,74],{"class":73},[55,18949,1757],{"class":77},[55,18951,74],{"class":73},[55,18953,83],{"class":69},[55,18955,86],{"class":73},[55,18957,11344],{"class":77},[55,18959,74],{"class":73},[55,18961,282],{"class":69},[55,18963,18964,18966,18968,18970],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,18965,117],{"class":116},[55,18967,120],{"class":69},[55,18969,18365],{"class":123},[55,18971,103],{"class":69},[45,18973,18974],{"className":47,"code":18325,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,18975,18976,19008,19030],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,18977,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986,18988,18990,18992,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,18979,18332],{"class":61},[55,18981,66],{"class":65},[55,18983,8768],{"class":850},[55,18985,198],{"class":69},[55,18987,16881],{"class":123},[55,18989,2573],{"class":69},[55,18991,74],{"class":73},[55,18993,194],{"class":77},[55,18995,74],{"class":73},[55,18997,83],{"class":69},[55,18999,86],{"class":73},[55,19001,786],{"class":77},[55,19003,74],{"class":73},[55,19005,17659],{"class":69},[55,19007,17593],{"class":69},[55,19009,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022,19024,19026,19028],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19011,18365],{"class":61},[55,19013,127],{"class":69},[55,19015,74],{"class":73},[55,19017,194],{"class":77},[55,19019,74],{"class":73},[55,19021,13146],{"class":69},[55,19023,13149],{"class":123},[55,19025,120],{"class":69},[55,19027,152],{"class":130},[55,19029,103],{"class":69},[55,19031,19032,19034,19036,19038],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,19033,117],{"class":116},[55,19035,120],{"class":69},[55,19037,18365],{"class":123},[55,19039,103],{"class":69},[45,19041,19043],{"className":47,"code":19042,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[52,19044,19045],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19046,19047,19049,19051,19053,19055,19057,19059,19061,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19048,117],{"class":116},[55,19050,120],{"class":69},[55,19052,1396],{"class":850},[55,19054,120],{"class":69},[55,19056,8418],{"class":850},[55,19058,198],{"class":69},[55,19060,16881],{"class":123},[55,19062,2573],{"class":69},[55,19064,152],{"class":130},[55,19066,83],{"class":69},[55,19068,976],{"class":130},[55,19070,83],{"class":69},[55,19072,2036],{"class":130},[55,19074,17659],{"class":69},[55,19076,86],{"class":73},[55,19078,2058],{"class":77},[55,19080,74],{"class":73},[55,19082,2499],{"class":69},[37,19084,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,19086,12304,19088,19090],{"id":19087},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[52,19089,16816],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[14,19092,19093],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[1425,19095,19097],{"id":19096},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[14,19099,19100,19101,198],{},"Each key gets ",[52,19102,3368],{},[1425,19104,19106],{"id":19105},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[14,19108,19109],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[1425,19111,19113],{"id":19112},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[14,19115,17749],{},[45,19117,19119],{"className":47,"code":19118,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[52,19120,19121,19153],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19122,19123,19125,19127,19129,19131,19133,19135,19137,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19124,16840],{"class":61},[55,19126,66],{"class":65},[55,19128,3211],{"class":69},[55,19130,74],{"class":73},[55,19132,194],{"class":77},[55,19134,74],{"class":73},[55,19136,83],{"class":69},[55,19138,86],{"class":73},[55,19140,786],{"class":77},[55,19142,74],{"class":73},[55,19144,83],{"class":69},[55,19146,86],{"class":73},[55,19148,795],{"class":77},[55,19150,74],{"class":73},[55,19152,386],{"class":69},[55,19154,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167,19169,19171,19173,19175],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19156,8763],{"class":61},[55,19158,66],{"class":65},[55,19160,10088],{"class":69},[55,19162,14438],{"class":61},[55,19164,854],{"class":69},[55,19166,17801],{"class":69},[55,19168,3468],{"class":959},[55,19170,17806],{"class":61},[55,19172,3474],{"class":959},[55,19174,17811],{"class":61},[55,19176,8906],{"class":69},[37,19178,1495],{"id":1494},[21,19180,19181,19185,19189,19193,19199],{},[24,19182,19183],{},[194,19184,10840],{"href":12626},[24,19186,19187],{},[194,19188,8753],{"href":12623},[24,19190,19191],{},[194,19192,10849],{"href":17500},[24,19194,19195],{},[194,19196,10335,19197,10339],{"href":13629},[52,19198,14551],{},[24,19200,19201],{},[194,19202,10335,19203,10339],{"href":14596},[52,19204,12377],{},[14,19206,1440,19207,19209],{},[52,19208,16821],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1524,19211,19212],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":19214},[19215,19216,19218,19222,19223,19225,19230,19232,19239,19248,19249,19256],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":16921,"depth":106,"text":19217},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16965,"depth":106,"text":16966,"children":19219},[19220,19221],{"id":16992,"depth":113,"text":16993},{"id":17016,"depth":113,"text":17017},{"id":5379,"depth":106,"text":5380},{"id":17175,"depth":106,"text":19224},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17504,"depth":106,"text":17505,"children":19226},[19227,19228,19229],{"id":17534,"depth":113,"text":17535},{"id":17697,"depth":113,"text":17698},{"id":17745,"depth":113,"text":17746},{"id":17909,"depth":106,"text":19231},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18067,"depth":106,"text":19233,"children":19234},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19235,19237,19238],{"id":18078,"depth":113,"text":19236},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18143,"depth":113,"text":18144},{"id":18217,"depth":113,"text":18218},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":19240},[19241,19242,19244,19246],{"id":18321,"depth":113,"text":18322},{"id":18504,"depth":113,"text":19243},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18637,"depth":113,"text":19245},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18790,"depth":113,"text":19247},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18881,"depth":106,"text":18882},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":19250},[19251,19253,19254,19255],{"id":19087,"depth":113,"text":19252},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19096,"depth":113,"text":19097},{"id":19105,"depth":113,"text":19106},{"id":19112,"depth":113,"text":19113},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16808,"description":19257},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19264,"title":19265,"body":19266,"description":21095,"extension":1546,"meta":21096,"navigation":109,"path":21097,"seo":21098,"stem":21099,"__hash__":21100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19267,"toc":21062},[19268,19273,19279,19290,19420,19427,19432,19436,19452,19454,19552,19555,19572,19576,19578,19583,19621,19624,19642,19644,19762,19767,19771,19787,19790,19926,19929,19934,19940,19943,19980,19983,19987,19992,20067,20071,20076,20158,20160,20176,20181,20185,20191,20260,20263,20280,20283,20365,20371,20374,20394,20398,20403,20409,20415,20486,20489,20495,20498,20572,20579,20585,20593,20603,20605,20700,20706,20711,20798,20804,20806,20811,20833,20836,20931,20934,20965,20978,20980,20988,20994,21000,21003,21009,21014,21021,21026,21028,21059],[10,19269,10916,19271,10920],{"id":19270},"python-dictionary-get-method",[52,19272,10338],{},[14,19274,19275,19276,19278],{},"The dictionary ",[52,19277,10338],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[14,19280,19281,19282,1773,19285,1981,19287,19289],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[52,19283,19284],{},"KeyError",[52,19286,10338],{},[52,19288,3368],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[45,19291,19293],{"className":47,"code":19292,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[52,19294,19295,19331,19335,19361,19386],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19296,19297,19299,19301,19303,19305,19307,19309,19311,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19298,12802],{"class":61},[55,19300,66],{"class":65},[55,19302,10088],{"class":69},[55,19304,74],{"class":73},[55,19306,7263],{"class":77},[55,19308,74],{"class":73},[55,19310,854],{"class":69},[55,19312,86],{"class":73},[55,19314,645],{"class":77},[55,19316,74],{"class":73},[55,19318,83],{"class":69},[55,19320,86],{"class":73},[55,19322,8896],{"class":77},[55,19324,74],{"class":73},[55,19326,854],{"class":69},[55,19328,8903],{"class":130},[55,19330,8906],{"class":69},[55,19332,19333],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19334,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,19336,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345,19348,19350,19352,19354,19356,19358],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,19338,117],{"class":116},[55,19340,120],{"class":69},[55,19342,16905],{"class":123},[55,19344,198],{"class":69},[55,19346,19347],{"class":123},"get",[55,19349,120],{"class":69},[55,19351,74],{"class":73},[55,19353,7263],{"class":77},[55,19355,74],{"class":73},[55,19357,947],{"class":69},[55,19359,19360],{"class":137},"           # Ana\n",[55,19362,19363,19365,19367,19369,19371,19373,19375,19377,19379,19381,19383],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,19364,117],{"class":116},[55,19366,120],{"class":69},[55,19368,16905],{"class":123},[55,19370,198],{"class":69},[55,19372,19347],{"class":123},[55,19374,120],{"class":69},[55,19376,74],{"class":73},[55,19378,10006],{"class":77},[55,19380,74],{"class":73},[55,19382,947],{"class":69},[55,19384,19385],{"class":137},"           # None\n",[55,19387,19388,19390,19392,19394,19396,19398,19400,19402,19404,19406,19408,19410,19413,19415,19417],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,19389,117],{"class":116},[55,19391,120],{"class":69},[55,19393,16905],{"class":123},[55,19395,198],{"class":69},[55,19397,19347],{"class":123},[55,19399,120],{"class":69},[55,19401,74],{"class":73},[55,19403,10006],{"class":77},[55,19405,74],{"class":73},[55,19407,83],{"class":69},[55,19409,86],{"class":73},[55,19411,19412],{"class":77},"N\u002FA",[55,19414,74],{"class":73},[55,19416,947],{"class":69},[55,19418,19419],{"class":137},"    # N\u002FA\n",[14,19421,1440,19422,19424,19425,198],{},[52,19423,10338],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[52,19426,19284],{},[37,19428,3265,19430,3268],{"id":19429},"what-get-does",[52,19431,10338],{},[14,19433,1563,19434,11011],{},[52,19435,10338],{},[21,19437,19438,19441,19446,19449],{},[24,19439,19440],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[24,19442,11022,19443,19445],{},[52,19444,3368],{}," if the key does not exist",[24,19447,19448],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[24,19450,19451],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[14,19453,233],{},[45,19455,19457],{"className":47,"code":19456,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[52,19458,19459,19498,19502,19527],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19460,19461,19463,19465,19467,19469,19471,19473,19475,19477,19480,19482,19484,19486,19489,19491,19493,19496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19462,12464],{"class":61},[55,19464,66],{"class":65},[55,19466,10088],{"class":69},[55,19468,74],{"class":73},[55,19470,7263],{"class":77},[55,19472,74],{"class":73},[55,19474,854],{"class":69},[55,19476,86],{"class":73},[55,19478,19479],{"class":77},"Lina",[55,19481,74],{"class":73},[55,19483,83],{"class":69},[55,19485,86],{"class":73},[55,19487,19488],{"class":77},"grade",[55,19490,74],{"class":73},[55,19492,854],{"class":69},[55,19494,19495],{"class":130}," 90",[55,19497,8906],{"class":69},[55,19499,19500],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19501,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,19503,19504,19506,19508,19510,19512,19514,19516,19518,19520,19522,19524],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,19505,117],{"class":116},[55,19507,120],{"class":69},[55,19509,13222],{"class":123},[55,19511,198],{"class":69},[55,19513,19347],{"class":123},[55,19515,120],{"class":69},[55,19517,74],{"class":73},[55,19519,7263],{"class":77},[55,19521,74],{"class":73},[55,19523,947],{"class":69},[55,19525,19526],{"class":137},"     # Lina\n",[55,19528,19529,19531,19533,19535,19537,19539,19541,19543,19545,19547,19549],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,19530,117],{"class":116},[55,19532,120],{"class":69},[55,19534,13222],{"class":123},[55,19536,198],{"class":69},[55,19538,19347],{"class":123},[55,19540,120],{"class":69},[55,19542,74],{"class":73},[55,19544,14856],{"class":77},[55,19546,74],{"class":73},[55,19548,947],{"class":69},[55,19550,19551],{"class":137},"    # None\n",[14,19553,19554],{},"In this example:",[21,19556,19557,19562],{},[24,19558,19559,19561],{},[52,19560,14837],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[24,19563,19564,19567,19568,1981,19570],{},[52,19565,19566],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[52,19569,10338],{},[52,19571,3368],{},[14,19573,12620,19574,198],{},[194,19575,8753],{"href":8752},[37,19577,1740],{"id":1739},[14,19579,19580,19581,854],{},"There are two common forms of ",[52,19582,10338],{},[45,19584,19586],{"className":47,"code":19585,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[52,19587,19588,19602],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19589,19590,19592,19594,19596,19598,19600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19591,15202],{"class":61},[55,19593,198],{"class":69},[55,19595,19347],{"class":123},[55,19597,120],{"class":69},[55,19599,14438],{"class":123},[55,19601,103],{"class":69},[55,19603,19604,19606,19608,19610,19612,19614,19616,19619],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19605,15202],{"class":61},[55,19607,198],{"class":69},[55,19609,19347],{"class":123},[55,19611,120],{"class":69},[55,19613,14438],{"class":123},[55,19615,83],{"class":69},[55,19617,19618],{"class":123}," default_value",[55,19620,103],{"class":69},[14,19622,19623],{},"What each part means:",[21,19625,19626,19631,19637],{},[24,19627,19628,19630],{},[52,19629,14438],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[24,19632,19633,19636],{},[52,19634,19635],{},"default_value"," is optional",[24,19638,19639,19640],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[52,19641,3368],{},[14,19643,233],{},[45,19645,19647],{"className":47,"code":19646,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[52,19648,19649,19673,19677,19702,19728],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19650,19651,19653,19655,19657,19659,19661,19663,19665,19667,19669,19671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19652,13422],{"class":61},[55,19654,66],{"class":65},[55,19656,10088],{"class":69},[55,19658,74],{"class":73},[55,19660,12094],{"class":77},[55,19662,74],{"class":73},[55,19664,854],{"class":69},[55,19666,86],{"class":73},[55,19668,12103],{"class":77},[55,19670,74],{"class":73},[55,19672,8906],{"class":69},[55,19674,19675],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19676,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,19678,19679,19681,19683,19685,19687,19689,19691,19693,19695,19697,19699],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,19680,117],{"class":116},[55,19682,120],{"class":69},[55,19684,13481],{"class":123},[55,19686,198],{"class":69},[55,19688,19347],{"class":123},[55,19690,120],{"class":69},[55,19692,74],{"class":73},[55,19694,12094],{"class":77},[55,19696,74],{"class":73},[55,19698,947],{"class":69},[55,19700,19701],{"class":137},"            # dark\n",[55,19703,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714,19716,19718,19721,19723,19725],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,19705,117],{"class":116},[55,19707,120],{"class":69},[55,19709,13481],{"class":123},[55,19711,198],{"class":69},[55,19713,19347],{"class":123},[55,19715,120],{"class":69},[55,19717,74],{"class":73},[55,19719,19720],{"class":77},"language",[55,19722,74],{"class":73},[55,19724,947],{"class":69},[55,19726,19727],{"class":137},"         # None\n",[55,19729,19730,19732,19734,19736,19738,19740,19742,19744,19746,19748,19750,19752,19755,19757,19759],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,19731,117],{"class":116},[55,19733,120],{"class":69},[55,19735,13481],{"class":123},[55,19737,198],{"class":69},[55,19739,19347],{"class":123},[55,19741,120],{"class":69},[55,19743,74],{"class":73},[55,19745,19720],{"class":77},[55,19747,74],{"class":73},[55,19749,83],{"class":69},[55,19751,86],{"class":73},[55,19753,19754],{"class":77},"en",[55,19756,74],{"class":73},[55,19758,947],{"class":69},[55,19760,19761],{"class":137},"   # en\n",[37,19763,4553,19765],{"id":19764},"when-to-use-get",[52,19766,10338],{},[14,19768,1440,19769,10199],{},[52,19770,10338],{},[21,19772,19773,19776,19781,19784],{},[24,19774,19775],{},"A key might not exist",[24,19777,19778,19779],{},"You want to avoid ",[52,19780,19284],{},[24,19782,19783],{},"You are reading optional data",[24,19785,19786],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[14,19788,19789],{},"Example with optional user data:",[45,19791,19793],{"className":47,"code":19792,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[52,19794,19795,19837,19841,19866,19892],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19796,19797,19799,19801,19803,19805,19807,19809,19811,19813,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19830,19833,19835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19798,11086],{"class":61},[55,19800,66],{"class":65},[55,19802,10088],{"class":69},[55,19804,74],{"class":73},[55,19806,7580],{"class":77},[55,19808,74],{"class":73},[55,19810,854],{"class":69},[55,19812,86],{"class":73},[55,19814,19815],{"class":77},"sam",[55,19817,74],{"class":73},[55,19819,83],{"class":69},[55,19821,86],{"class":73},[55,19823,14856],{"class":77},[55,19825,74],{"class":73},[55,19827,854],{"class":69},[55,19829,86],{"class":73},[55,19831,19832],{"class":77},"sam@example.com",[55,19834,74],{"class":73},[55,19836,8906],{"class":69},[55,19838,19839],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19840,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,19842,19843,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855,19857,19859,19861,19863],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,19844,117],{"class":116},[55,19846,120],{"class":69},[55,19848,11180],{"class":123},[55,19850,198],{"class":69},[55,19852,19347],{"class":123},[55,19854,120],{"class":69},[55,19856,74],{"class":73},[55,19858,7580],{"class":77},[55,19860,74],{"class":73},[55,19862,947],{"class":69},[55,19864,19865],{"class":137},"              # sam\n",[55,19867,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880,19882,19885,19887,19889],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,19869,117],{"class":116},[55,19871,120],{"class":69},[55,19873,11180],{"class":123},[55,19875,198],{"class":69},[55,19877,19347],{"class":123},[55,19879,120],{"class":69},[55,19881,74],{"class":73},[55,19883,19884],{"class":77},"phone",[55,19886,74],{"class":73},[55,19888,947],{"class":69},[55,19890,19891],{"class":137},"                 # None\n",[55,19893,19894,19896,19898,19900,19902,19904,19906,19908,19910,19912,19914,19916,19919,19921,19923],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,19895,117],{"class":116},[55,19897,120],{"class":69},[55,19899,11180],{"class":123},[55,19901,198],{"class":69},[55,19903,19347],{"class":123},[55,19905,120],{"class":69},[55,19907,74],{"class":73},[55,19909,19884],{"class":77},[55,19911,74],{"class":73},[55,19913,83],{"class":69},[55,19915,86],{"class":73},[55,19917,19918],{"class":77},"Not provided",[55,19920,74],{"class":73},[55,19922,947],{"class":69},[55,19924,19925],{"class":137}," # Not provided\n",[14,19927,19928],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[14,19930,19931,19932,198],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[194,19933,16195],{"href":16194},[37,19935,19937,19939],{"id":19936},"get-vs-square-brackets",[52,19938,10338],{}," vs square brackets",[14,19941,19942],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[45,19944,19946],{"className":47,"code":19945,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[52,19947,19948,19962],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19949,19950,19952,19954,19956,19958,19960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,19951,8802],{"class":61},[55,19953,127],{"class":69},[55,19955,74],{"class":73},[55,19957,14438],{"class":77},[55,19959,74],{"class":73},[55,19961,386],{"class":69},[55,19963,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19976,19978],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,19965,8802],{"class":61},[55,19967,198],{"class":69},[55,19969,19347],{"class":123},[55,19971,120],{"class":69},[55,19973,74],{"class":73},[55,19975,14438],{"class":77},[55,19977,74],{"class":73},[55,19979,103],{"class":69},[14,19981,19982],{},"The difference is important.",[1425,19984,19986],{"id":19985},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[14,19988,19989,19990,198],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[52,19991,19284],{},[45,19993,19995],{"className":47,"code":19994,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[52,19996,19997,20021,20025,20046],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,19998,19999,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20000,8763],{"class":61},[55,20002,66],{"class":65},[55,20004,10088],{"class":69},[55,20006,74],{"class":73},[55,20008,7263],{"class":77},[55,20010,74],{"class":73},[55,20012,854],{"class":69},[55,20014,86],{"class":73},[55,20016,645],{"class":77},[55,20018,74],{"class":73},[55,20020,8906],{"class":69},[55,20022,20023],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20024,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20026,20027,20029,20031,20033,20035,20037,20039,20041,20043],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20028,117],{"class":116},[55,20030,120],{"class":69},[55,20032,8802],{"class":123},[55,20034,127],{"class":69},[55,20036,74],{"class":73},[55,20038,7263],{"class":77},[55,20040,74],{"class":73},[55,20042,134],{"class":69},[55,20044,20045],{"class":137},"   # Ana\n",[55,20047,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20058,20060,20062,20064],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20049,117],{"class":116},[55,20051,120],{"class":69},[55,20053,8802],{"class":123},[55,20055,127],{"class":69},[55,20057,74],{"class":73},[55,20059,10006],{"class":77},[55,20061,74],{"class":73},[55,20063,134],{"class":69},[55,20065,20066],{"class":137},"   # KeyError\n",[1425,20068,20069],{"id":19347},[52,20070,10338],{},[14,20072,20073,20075],{},[52,20074,10338],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[45,20077,20079],{"className":47,"code":20078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[52,20080,20081,20105,20109,20133],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20082,20083,20085,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097,20099,20101,20103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20084,8763],{"class":61},[55,20086,66],{"class":65},[55,20088,10088],{"class":69},[55,20090,74],{"class":73},[55,20092,7263],{"class":77},[55,20094,74],{"class":73},[55,20096,854],{"class":69},[55,20098,86],{"class":73},[55,20100,645],{"class":77},[55,20102,74],{"class":73},[55,20104,8906],{"class":69},[55,20106,20107],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20108,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20110,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119,20121,20123,20125,20127,20129,20131],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20112,117],{"class":116},[55,20114,120],{"class":69},[55,20116,8802],{"class":123},[55,20118,198],{"class":69},[55,20120,19347],{"class":123},[55,20122,120],{"class":69},[55,20124,74],{"class":73},[55,20126,7263],{"class":77},[55,20128,74],{"class":73},[55,20130,947],{"class":69},[55,20132,20045],{"class":137},[55,20134,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147,20149,20151,20153,20155],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20136,117],{"class":116},[55,20138,120],{"class":69},[55,20140,8802],{"class":123},[55,20142,198],{"class":69},[55,20144,19347],{"class":123},[55,20146,120],{"class":69},[55,20148,74],{"class":73},[55,20150,10006],{"class":77},[55,20152,74],{"class":73},[55,20154,947],{"class":69},[55,20156,20157],{"class":137},"   # None\n",[14,20159,18292],{},[21,20161,20162,20168],{},[24,20163,20164,20165],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3332,20166,20167],{},"must exist",[24,20169,20170,20172,20173],{},[52,20171,10338],{}," when the key is ",[3332,20174,20175],{},"optional",[14,20177,20178,20179,198],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[194,20180,10860],{"href":10673},[37,20182,20184],{"id":20183},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[14,20186,20187,20188,20190],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[52,20189,10338],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[45,20192,20194],{"className":47,"code":20193,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[52,20195,20196,20221,20225],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20197,20198,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20217,20219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20199,20200],{"class":61},"profile ",[55,20202,66],{"class":65},[55,20204,10088],{"class":69},[55,20206,74],{"class":73},[55,20208,7263],{"class":77},[55,20210,74],{"class":73},[55,20212,854],{"class":69},[55,20214,86],{"class":73},[55,20216,7516],{"class":77},[55,20218,74],{"class":73},[55,20220,8906],{"class":69},[55,20222,20223],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20224,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20226,20227,20229,20231,20234,20236,20238,20240,20242,20244,20246,20248,20250,20253,20255,20257],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20228,117],{"class":116},[55,20230,120],{"class":69},[55,20232,20233],{"class":123},"profile",[55,20235,198],{"class":69},[55,20237,19347],{"class":123},[55,20239,120],{"class":69},[55,20241,74],{"class":73},[55,20243,14859],{"class":77},[55,20245,74],{"class":73},[55,20247,83],{"class":69},[55,20249,86],{"class":73},[55,20251,20252],{"class":77},"Unknown",[55,20254,74],{"class":73},[55,20256,947],{"class":69},[55,20258,20259],{"class":137},"  # Unknown\n",[14,20261,20262],{},"This is useful for display text:",[21,20264,20265,20270,20275],{},[24,20266,20267],{},[52,20268,20269],{},"\"Unknown\"",[24,20271,20272],{},[52,20273,20274],{},"\"Not set\"",[24,20276,20277],{},[52,20278,20279],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[14,20281,20282],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[45,20284,20286],{"className":47,"code":20285,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[52,20287,20288,20320,20324,20351],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20289,20290,20292,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20291,4654],{"class":61},[55,20293,66],{"class":65},[55,20295,10088],{"class":69},[55,20297,74],{"class":73},[55,20299,18014],{"class":77},[55,20301,74],{"class":73},[55,20303,854],{"class":69},[55,20305,5598],{"class":130},[55,20307,83],{"class":69},[55,20309,86],{"class":73},[55,20311,18023],{"class":77},[55,20313,74],{"class":73},[55,20315,854],{"class":69},[55,20317,5954],{"class":130},[55,20319,8906],{"class":69},[55,20321,20322],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20323,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20325,20326,20329,20331,20333,20335,20337,20339,20341,20343,20345,20347,20349],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20327,20328],{"class":61},"total_history ",[55,20330,66],{"class":65},[55,20332,4701],{"class":61},[55,20334,198],{"class":69},[55,20336,19347],{"class":123},[55,20338,120],{"class":69},[55,20340,74],{"class":73},[55,20342,18032],{"class":77},[55,20344,74],{"class":73},[55,20346,83],{"class":69},[55,20348,3424],{"class":130},[55,20350,103],{"class":69},[55,20352,20353,20355,20357,20360,20362],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20354,117],{"class":116},[55,20356,120],{"class":69},[55,20358,20359],{"class":123},"total_history",[55,20361,970],{"class":69},[55,20363,20364],{"class":137},"   # 0\n",[14,20366,20367,20368,20370],{},"Here, ",[52,20369,131],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[14,20372,20373],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[21,20375,20376,20379,20384,20389],{},[24,20377,20378],{},"Use a string for text",[24,20380,1440,20381,20383],{},[52,20382,131],{}," for numbers",[24,20385,1440,20386,20388],{},[52,20387,3377],{}," for lists if needed",[24,20390,1440,20391,20393],{},[52,20392,3382],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[37,20395,20397],{"id":20396},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[14,20399,20400,20401,198],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[52,20402,10338],{},[1425,20404,20406,20408],{"id":20405},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[52,20407,10338],{}," does not add a missing key",[14,20410,20411,20412,20414],{},"This code does ",[3332,20413,4222],{}," create a new key:",[45,20416,20418],{"className":47,"code":20417,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,20419,20420,20444,20448,20473],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20421,20422,20424,20426,20428,20430,20432,20434,20436,20438,20440,20442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20423,12802],{"class":61},[55,20425,66],{"class":65},[55,20427,10088],{"class":69},[55,20429,74],{"class":73},[55,20431,7263],{"class":77},[55,20433,74],{"class":73},[55,20435,854],{"class":69},[55,20437,86],{"class":73},[55,20439,645],{"class":77},[55,20441,74],{"class":73},[55,20443,8906],{"class":69},[55,20445,20446],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20447,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20449,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458,20460,20462,20464,20466,20468,20470],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20451,117],{"class":116},[55,20453,120],{"class":69},[55,20455,16905],{"class":123},[55,20457,198],{"class":69},[55,20459,19347],{"class":123},[55,20461,120],{"class":69},[55,20463,74],{"class":73},[55,20465,10006],{"class":77},[55,20467,74],{"class":73},[55,20469,947],{"class":69},[55,20471,20472],{"class":137},"  # None\n",[55,20474,20475,20477,20479,20481,20483],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20476,117],{"class":116},[55,20478,120],{"class":69},[55,20480,16905],{"class":123},[55,20482,970],{"class":69},[55,20484,20485],{"class":137},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[14,20487,20488],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[1425,20490,20492,20494],{"id":20491},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[52,20493,10338],{}," does not change the dictionary",[14,20496,20497],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[45,20499,20501],{"className":47,"code":20500,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[52,20502,20503,20529,20533,20559],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20504,20505,20507,20509,20511,20513,20516,20518,20520,20522,20525,20527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20506,13422],{"class":61},[55,20508,66],{"class":65},[55,20510,10088],{"class":69},[55,20512,74],{"class":73},[55,20514,20515],{"class":77},"mode",[55,20517,74],{"class":73},[55,20519,854],{"class":69},[55,20521,86],{"class":73},[55,20523,20524],{"class":77},"light",[55,20526,74],{"class":73},[55,20528,8906],{"class":69},[55,20530,20531],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20532,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20534,20535,20537,20539,20541,20543,20545,20547,20549,20551,20553,20555,20557],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20536,13481],{"class":61},[55,20538,198],{"class":69},[55,20540,19347],{"class":123},[55,20542,120],{"class":69},[55,20544,74],{"class":73},[55,20546,12094],{"class":77},[55,20548,74],{"class":73},[55,20550,83],{"class":69},[55,20552,86],{"class":73},[55,20554,12103],{"class":77},[55,20556,74],{"class":73},[55,20558,103],{"class":69},[55,20560,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20562,117],{"class":116},[55,20564,120],{"class":69},[55,20566,13481],{"class":123},[55,20568,970],{"class":69},[55,20570,20571],{"class":137},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[14,20573,20574,20575,20578],{},"Even though ",[52,20576,20577],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[1425,20580,20582,20583],{"id":20581},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[52,20584,3368],{},[14,20586,20587,20588,1981,20590,20592],{},"Sometimes ",[52,20589,10338],{},[52,20591,3368],{}," because:",[21,20594,20595,20598],{},[24,20596,20597],{},"The key is missing, or",[24,20599,20600,20601],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[52,20602,3368],{},[14,20604,233],{},[45,20606,20608],{"className":47,"code":20607,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[52,20609,20610,20647,20651,20675],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20611,20612,20614,20616,20618,20620,20622,20624,20626,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20639,20641,20643,20645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20613,8763],{"class":61},[55,20615,66],{"class":65},[55,20617,10088],{"class":69},[55,20619,74],{"class":73},[55,20621,7263],{"class":77},[55,20623,74],{"class":73},[55,20625,854],{"class":69},[55,20627,86],{"class":73},[55,20629,645],{"class":77},[55,20631,74],{"class":73},[55,20633,83],{"class":69},[55,20635,86],{"class":73},[55,20637,20638],{"class":77},"nickname",[55,20640,74],{"class":73},[55,20642,854],{"class":69},[55,20644,3444],{"class":3443},[55,20646,8906],{"class":69},[55,20648,20649],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20650,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20652,20653,20655,20657,20659,20661,20663,20665,20667,20669,20671,20673],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20654,117],{"class":116},[55,20656,120],{"class":69},[55,20658,8802],{"class":123},[55,20660,198],{"class":69},[55,20662,19347],{"class":123},[55,20664,120],{"class":69},[55,20666,74],{"class":73},[55,20668,20638],{"class":77},[55,20670,74],{"class":73},[55,20672,947],{"class":69},[55,20674,20472],{"class":137},[55,20676,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689,20691,20693,20695,20697],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20678,117],{"class":116},[55,20680,120],{"class":69},[55,20682,8802],{"class":123},[55,20684,198],{"class":69},[55,20686,19347],{"class":123},[55,20688,120],{"class":69},[55,20690,74],{"class":73},[55,20692,10006],{"class":77},[55,20694,74],{"class":73},[55,20696,947],{"class":69},[55,20698,20699],{"class":137},"      # None\n",[14,20701,20702,20703,20705],{},"Both lines print ",[52,20704,3368],{},", but they mean different things.",[14,20707,20708,20709,854],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[52,20710,3474],{},[45,20712,20714],{"className":47,"code":20713,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[52,20715,20716,20752,20756,20777],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20717,20718,20720,20722,20724,20726,20728,20730,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20719,8763],{"class":61},[55,20721,66],{"class":65},[55,20723,10088],{"class":69},[55,20725,74],{"class":73},[55,20727,7263],{"class":77},[55,20729,74],{"class":73},[55,20731,854],{"class":69},[55,20733,86],{"class":73},[55,20735,645],{"class":77},[55,20737,74],{"class":73},[55,20739,83],{"class":69},[55,20741,86],{"class":73},[55,20743,20638],{"class":77},[55,20745,74],{"class":73},[55,20747,854],{"class":69},[55,20749,3444],{"class":3443},[55,20751,8906],{"class":69},[55,20753,20754],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20755,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,20757,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766,20768,20771,20773,20775],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20759,117],{"class":116},[55,20761,120],{"class":69},[55,20763,74],{"class":73},[55,20765,20638],{"class":77},[55,20767,74],{"class":73},[55,20769,20770],{"class":959}," in",[55,20772,14163],{"class":123},[55,20774,970],{"class":69},[55,20776,3251],{"class":137},[55,20778,20779,20781,20783,20785,20787,20789,20791,20793,20795],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20780,117],{"class":116},[55,20782,120],{"class":69},[55,20784,74],{"class":73},[55,20786,10006],{"class":77},[55,20788,74],{"class":73},[55,20790,20770],{"class":959},[55,20792,14163],{"class":123},[55,20794,970],{"class":69},[55,20796,20797],{"class":137},"      # False\n",[14,20799,20800,20801,198],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[194,20802,20803],{"href":16751},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[37,20805,1298],{"id":1297},[14,20807,20808,20809,854],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[52,20810,10338],{},[21,20812,20813,20818,20825,20830],{},[24,20814,20815,20816],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[52,20817,19284],{},[24,20819,4296,20820,1981,20822,20824],{},[52,20821,10338],{},[52,20823,3368],{}," if no default is provided",[24,20826,4170,20827,20829],{},[52,20828,10338],{}," creates a key automatically",[24,20831,20832],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[14,20834,20835],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[45,20837,20839],{"className":47,"code":20838,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[52,20840,20841,20851,20865,20883,20905],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,20842,20843,20845,20847,20849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,20844,117],{"class":116},[55,20846,120],{"class":69},[55,20848,11048],{"class":123},[55,20850,103],{"class":69},[55,20852,20853,20855,20857,20859,20861,20863],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,20854,117],{"class":116},[55,20856,120],{"class":69},[55,20858,11048],{"class":123},[55,20860,198],{"class":69},[55,20862,16521],{"class":123},[55,20864,6788],{"class":69},[55,20866,20867,20869,20871,20873,20875,20877,20879,20881],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,20868,117],{"class":116},[55,20870,120],{"class":69},[55,20872,2889],{"class":73},[55,20874,7263],{"class":77},[55,20876,2889],{"class":73},[55,20878,20770],{"class":959},[55,20880,11365],{"class":123},[55,20882,103],{"class":69},[55,20884,20885,20887,20889,20891,20893,20895,20897,20899,20901,20903],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,20886,117],{"class":116},[55,20888,120],{"class":69},[55,20890,11048],{"class":123},[55,20892,198],{"class":69},[55,20894,19347],{"class":123},[55,20896,120],{"class":69},[55,20898,2889],{"class":73},[55,20900,7263],{"class":77},[55,20902,2889],{"class":73},[55,20904,1357],{"class":69},[55,20906,20907,20909,20911,20913,20915,20917,20919,20921,20923,20925,20927,20929],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,20908,117],{"class":116},[55,20910,120],{"class":69},[55,20912,1396],{"class":850},[55,20914,120],{"class":69},[55,20916,11048],{"class":123},[55,20918,198],{"class":69},[55,20920,19347],{"class":123},[55,20922,120],{"class":69},[55,20924,2889],{"class":73},[55,20926,7263],{"class":77},[55,20928,2889],{"class":73},[55,20930,2499],{"class":69},[14,20932,20933],{},"What these checks tell you:",[21,20935,20936,20941,20947,20953,20959],{},[24,20937,20938,20940],{},[52,20939,12279],{}," shows the full dictionary",[24,20942,20943,20946],{},[52,20944,20945],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[24,20948,20949,20952],{},[52,20950,20951],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[24,20954,20955,20958],{},[52,20956,20957],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[24,20960,20961,20964],{},[52,20962,20963],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[14,20966,20967,20968,3983,20973,20977],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[194,20969,20970,20971,10339],{"href":16660},"the dictionary ",[52,20972,16663],{},[194,20974,20970,20975,10339],{"href":16673},[52,20976,16676],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[37,20979,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,20981,12304,20983,20985,20986,2078],{"id":20982},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[52,20984,10338],{}," raise ",[52,20987,19284],{},[14,20989,20990,20991,20993],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[52,20992,3368],{}," or the default value you provide.",[1425,20995,12304,20997,20999],{"id":20996},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[52,20998,10338],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[14,21001,21002],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[1425,21004,21006,21007,2078],{"id":21005},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[52,21008,10338],{},[14,21010,21011,21013],{},[52,21012,3368],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[1425,21015,21017,21018,21020],{"id":21016},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[52,21019,10338],{}," or square brackets?",[14,21022,1440,21023,21025],{},[52,21024,10338],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[37,21027,1495],{"id":1494},[21,21029,21030,21034,21040,21046,21050,21055],{},[24,21031,21032],{},[194,21033,8753],{"href":8752},[24,21035,21036],{},[194,21037,10335,21038,10339],{"href":16660},[52,21039,16663],{},[24,21041,21042],{},[194,21043,10335,21044,10339],{"href":16673},[52,21045,16676],{},[24,21047,21048],{},[194,21049,16752],{"href":16751},[24,21051,21052],{},[194,21053,21054],{"href":16194},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[24,21056,21057],{},[194,21058,10860],{"href":10673},[1524,21060,21061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21072,21073],{"id":19985,"depth":113,"text":19986},{"id":19347,"depth":113,"text":10338},{"id":20183,"depth":106,"text":20184},{"id":20396,"depth":106,"text":20397,"children":21076},[21077,21079,21081],{"id":20405,"depth":113,"text":21078},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20491,"depth":113,"text":21080},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20581,"depth":113,"text":21082},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":21085},[21086,21088,21090,21092],{"id":20982,"depth":113,"text":21087},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":20996,"depth":113,"text":21089},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21005,"depth":113,"text":21091},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21016,"depth":113,"text":21093},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19265,"description":21095},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21102,"title":21103,"body":21104,"description":23660,"extension":1546,"meta":23661,"navigation":109,"path":23662,"seo":23663,"stem":23664,"__hash__":23665},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21105,"toc":23626},[21106,21111,21117,21123,21125,21207,21211,21228,21233,21238,21243,21245,21259,21261,21324,21328,21368,21376,21378,21380,21395,21398,21411,21413,21492,21496,21562,21564,21568,21576,21578,21589,21591,21701,21705,21784,21790,21796,21801,21914,21918,21950,21953,22060,22066,22073,22077,22080,22182,22186,22247,22250,22253,22264,22273,22276,22293,22295,22394,22398,22473,22476,22499,22504,22509,22526,22528,22649,22653,22687,22689,22694,22701,22711,22713,22791,22794,22865,22875,22878,22910,22913,22952,22958,22965,22968,23059,23063,23144,23150,23153,23156,23261,23264,23267,23389,23393,23396,23463,23467,23504,23510,23512,23518,23523,23529,23536,23542,23545,23584,23590,23593,23595,23623],[10,21107,10916,21109,10920],{"id":21108},"python-dictionary-items-method",[52,21110,16676],{},[14,21112,1563,21113,21116],{},[52,21114,21115],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[14,21118,21119,21120,21122],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[52,21121,16676],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[37,21124,1588],{"id":1587},[45,21126,21128],{"className":47,"code":21127,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[52,21129,21130,21166,21170,21193],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21131,21132,21134,21136,21138,21140,21142,21144,21146,21148,21150,21152,21154,21156,21158,21160,21162,21164],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21133,12802],{"class":61},[55,21135,66],{"class":65},[55,21137,10088],{"class":69},[55,21139,74],{"class":73},[55,21141,7263],{"class":77},[55,21143,74],{"class":73},[55,21145,854],{"class":69},[55,21147,86],{"class":73},[55,21149,645],{"class":77},[55,21151,74],{"class":73},[55,21153,83],{"class":69},[55,21155,86],{"class":73},[55,21157,8896],{"class":77},[55,21159,74],{"class":73},[55,21161,854],{"class":69},[55,21163,8903],{"class":130},[55,21165,8906],{"class":69},[55,21167,21168],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21169,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21171,21172,21174,21177,21179,21182,21184,21186,21188,21190],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,21173,5551],{"class":959},[55,21175,21176],{"class":61}," key",[55,21178,83],{"class":69},[55,21180,21181],{"class":61}," value ",[55,21183,3474],{"class":959},[55,21185,12845],{"class":61},[55,21187,198],{"class":69},[55,21189,7404],{"class":123},[55,21191,21192],{"class":69},"():\n",[55,21194,21195,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,21196,985],{"class":116},[55,21198,120],{"class":69},[55,21200,14438],{"class":123},[55,21202,83],{"class":69},[55,21204,8028],{"class":123},[55,21206,103],{"class":69},[14,21208,21209],{},[3332,21210,314],{},[45,21212,21214],{"className":47,"code":21213,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[52,21215,21216,21221],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21217,21218],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21219,21220],{"class":61},"name Ana\n",[55,21222,21223,21226],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21224,21225],{"class":61},"age ",[55,21227,2296],{"class":130},[14,21229,1440,21230,21232],{},[52,21231,16676],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[37,21234,3265,21236,3268],{"id":21235},"what-items-does",[52,21237,16676],{},[14,21239,21240,21242],{},[52,21241,16676],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[14,21244,211],{},[21,21246,21247,21253,21256],{},[24,21248,21249,21250],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[52,21251,21252],{},"(key, value)",[24,21254,21255],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[24,21257,21258],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[14,21260,233],{},[45,21262,21264],{"className":47,"code":21263,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[52,21265,21266,21302,21306],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21267,21268,21270,21272,21274,21276,21278,21280,21282,21284,21286,21288,21290,21292,21294,21296,21298,21300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21269,12802],{"class":61},[55,21271,66],{"class":65},[55,21273,10088],{"class":69},[55,21275,74],{"class":73},[55,21277,7263],{"class":77},[55,21279,74],{"class":73},[55,21281,854],{"class":69},[55,21283,86],{"class":73},[55,21285,645],{"class":77},[55,21287,74],{"class":73},[55,21289,83],{"class":69},[55,21291,86],{"class":73},[55,21293,8896],{"class":77},[55,21295,74],{"class":73},[55,21297,854],{"class":69},[55,21299,8903],{"class":130},[55,21301,8906],{"class":69},[55,21303,21304],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21305,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21307,21308,21310,21312,21314,21316,21318,21320,21322],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,21309,117],{"class":116},[55,21311,120],{"class":69},[55,21313,7688],{"class":850},[55,21315,120],{"class":69},[55,21317,16905],{"class":123},[55,21319,198],{"class":69},[55,21321,7404],{"class":123},[55,21323,5884],{"class":69},[14,21325,21326],{},[3332,21327,314],{},[45,21329,21331],{"className":47,"code":21330,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[52,21332,21333],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21334,21335,21338,21340,21342,21344,21346,21348,21350,21352,21354,21356,21358,21360,21362,21364,21366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21336,21337],{"class":69},"[(",[55,21339,2889],{"class":73},[55,21341,7263],{"class":77},[55,21343,2889],{"class":73},[55,21345,83],{"class":69},[55,21347,2884],{"class":73},[55,21349,645],{"class":77},[55,21351,2889],{"class":73},[55,21353,8831],{"class":69},[55,21355,70],{"class":69},[55,21357,2889],{"class":73},[55,21359,8896],{"class":77},[55,21361,2889],{"class":73},[55,21363,83],{"class":69},[55,21365,8903],{"class":130},[55,21367,8846],{"class":69},[14,21369,21370,21371,2465,21373,198],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[194,21372,8753],{"href":12623},[194,21374,14622],{"href":21375},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[37,21377,1740],{"id":1739},[14,21379,5026],{},[45,21381,21383],{"className":47,"code":21382,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict.items()\n",[52,21384,21385],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21386,21387,21389,21391,21393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21388,11048],{"class":61},[55,21390,198],{"class":69},[55,21392,7404],{"class":123},[55,21394,8239],{"class":69},[14,21396,21397],{},"Things to remember:",[21,21399,21400,21405,21408],{},[24,21401,21402,21404],{},[52,21403,16676],{}," does not take any arguments",[24,21406,21407],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[24,21409,21410],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[14,21412,233],{},[45,21414,21416],{"className":47,"code":21415,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[52,21417,21418,21450,21454,21468,21472,21482],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21419,21420,21422,21424,21426,21428,21430,21432,21434,21436,21438,21440,21442,21444,21446,21448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21421,4654],{"class":61},[55,21423,66],{"class":65},[55,21425,10088],{"class":69},[55,21427,74],{"class":73},[55,21429,4595],{"class":77},[55,21431,74],{"class":73},[55,21433,854],{"class":69},[55,21435,19495],{"class":130},[55,21437,83],{"class":69},[55,21439,86],{"class":73},[55,21441,4604],{"class":77},[55,21443,74],{"class":73},[55,21445,854],{"class":69},[55,21447,13103],{"class":130},[55,21449,8906],{"class":69},[55,21451,21452],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21453,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21455,21456,21458,21460,21462,21464,21466],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,21457,1814],{"class":61},[55,21459,66],{"class":65},[55,21461,4701],{"class":61},[55,21463,198],{"class":69},[55,21465,7404],{"class":123},[55,21467,8239],{"class":69},[55,21469,21470],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,21471,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21473,21474,21476,21478,21480],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,21475,117],{"class":116},[55,21477,120],{"class":69},[55,21479,1849],{"class":123},[55,21481,103],{"class":69},[55,21483,21484,21486,21488,21490],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,21485,117],{"class":116},[55,21487,120],{"class":69},[55,21489,15986],{"class":123},[55,21491,103],{"class":69},[14,21493,21494],{},[3332,21495,314],{},[45,21497,21499],{"className":47,"code":21498,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[52,21500,21501,21534],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21502,21503,21506,21508,21510,21512,21514,21516,21518,21520,21522,21524,21526,21528,21530,21532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21504,21505],{"class":123},"dict_items",[55,21507,9255],{"class":69},[55,21509,2889],{"class":73},[55,21511,4595],{"class":77},[55,21513,2889],{"class":73},[55,21515,83],{"class":69},[55,21517,19495],{"class":130},[55,21519,8831],{"class":69},[55,21521,70],{"class":69},[55,21523,2889],{"class":73},[55,21525,4604],{"class":77},[55,21527,2889],{"class":73},[55,21529,83],{"class":69},[55,21531,13103],{"class":130},[55,21533,10277],{"class":69},[55,21535,21536,21538,21540,21542,21544,21546,21548,21550,21552,21554,21556,21558,21560],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21537,8875],{"class":69},[55,21539,2889],{"class":73},[55,21541,4595],{"class":77},[55,21543,2889],{"class":73},[55,21545,854],{"class":69},[55,21547,19495],{"class":130},[55,21549,83],{"class":69},[55,21551,2884],{"class":73},[55,21553,4604],{"class":77},[55,21555,2889],{"class":73},[55,21557,854],{"class":69},[55,21559,13103],{"class":130},[55,21561,8906],{"class":69},[14,21563,20488],{},[37,21565,21567],{"id":21566},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[14,21569,21570,21572,21573,21575],{},[52,21571,16676],{}," returns a ",[52,21574,21505],{}," view object.",[14,21577,1690],{},[21,21579,21580,21583,21586],{},[24,21581,21582],{},"You can loop over it",[24,21584,21585],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[24,21587,21588],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[14,21590,233],{},[45,21592,21594],{"className":47,"code":21593,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[52,21595,21596,21628,21642,21646,21660,21664,21683,21687],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21597,21598,21600,21602,21604,21606,21608,21610,21612,21614,21616,21618,21620,21622,21624,21626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21599,8763],{"class":61},[55,21601,66],{"class":65},[55,21603,10088],{"class":69},[55,21605,74],{"class":73},[55,21607,1757],{"class":77},[55,21609,74],{"class":73},[55,21611,854],{"class":69},[55,21613,5090],{"class":130},[55,21615,83],{"class":69},[55,21617,86],{"class":73},[55,21619,11344],{"class":77},[55,21621,74],{"class":73},[55,21623,854],{"class":69},[55,21625,976],{"class":130},[55,21627,8906],{"class":69},[55,21629,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21631,8813],{"class":61},[55,21633,66],{"class":65},[55,21635,14163],{"class":61},[55,21637,198],{"class":69},[55,21639,7404],{"class":123},[55,21641,8239],{"class":69},[55,21643,21644],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,21645,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21647,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,21649,117],{"class":116},[55,21651,120],{"class":69},[55,21653,7688],{"class":850},[55,21655,120],{"class":69},[55,21657,8859],{"class":123},[55,21659,1357],{"class":69},[55,21661,21662],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,21663,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21665,21666,21668,21670,21672,21675,21677,21679,21681],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,21667,8802],{"class":61},[55,21669,127],{"class":69},[55,21671,74],{"class":73},[55,21673,21674],{"class":77},"z",[55,21676,74],{"class":73},[55,21678,1277],{"class":69},[55,21680,1280],{"class":65},[55,21682,2164],{"class":130},[55,21684,21685],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,21686,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21688,21689,21691,21693,21695,21697,21699],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,21690,117],{"class":116},[55,21692,120],{"class":69},[55,21694,7688],{"class":850},[55,21696,120],{"class":69},[55,21698,8859],{"class":123},[55,21700,1357],{"class":69},[14,21702,21703],{},[3332,21704,314],{},[45,21706,21708],{"className":47,"code":21707,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[52,21709,21710,21740],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21711,21712,21714,21716,21718,21720,21722,21724,21726,21728,21730,21732,21734,21736,21738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21713,21337],{"class":69},[55,21715,2889],{"class":73},[55,21717,1757],{"class":77},[55,21719,2889],{"class":73},[55,21721,83],{"class":69},[55,21723,5090],{"class":130},[55,21725,8831],{"class":69},[55,21727,70],{"class":69},[55,21729,2889],{"class":73},[55,21731,11344],{"class":77},[55,21733,2889],{"class":73},[55,21735,83],{"class":69},[55,21737,976],{"class":130},[55,21739,8846],{"class":69},[55,21741,21742,21744,21746,21748,21750,21752,21754,21756,21758,21760,21762,21764,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21743,21337],{"class":69},[55,21745,2889],{"class":73},[55,21747,1757],{"class":77},[55,21749,2889],{"class":73},[55,21751,83],{"class":69},[55,21753,5090],{"class":130},[55,21755,8831],{"class":69},[55,21757,70],{"class":69},[55,21759,2889],{"class":73},[55,21761,11344],{"class":77},[55,21763,2889],{"class":73},[55,21765,83],{"class":69},[55,21767,976],{"class":130},[55,21769,8831],{"class":69},[55,21771,70],{"class":69},[55,21773,2889],{"class":73},[55,21775,21674],{"class":77},[55,21777,2889],{"class":73},[55,21779,83],{"class":69},[55,21781,2036],{"class":130},[55,21783,8846],{"class":69},[14,21785,21786,21787,21789],{},"This happens because ",[52,21788,8859],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[37,21791,21793,21794],{"id":21792},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[52,21795,16676],{},[14,21797,21798,21799,854],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[52,21800,16676],{},[45,21802,21804],{"className":47,"code":21803,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[52,21805,21806,21859,21863,21883],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21807,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820,21822,21824,21826,21828,21830,21832,21834,21836,21838,21840,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21857],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21809,12464],{"class":61},[55,21811,66],{"class":65},[55,21813,10088],{"class":69},[55,21815,74],{"class":73},[55,21817,7263],{"class":77},[55,21819,74],{"class":73},[55,21821,854],{"class":69},[55,21823,86],{"class":73},[55,21825,7516],{"class":77},[55,21827,74],{"class":73},[55,21829,83],{"class":69},[55,21831,86],{"class":73},[55,21833,19488],{"class":77},[55,21835,74],{"class":73},[55,21837,854],{"class":69},[55,21839,86],{"class":73},[55,21841,21842],{"class":77},"A",[55,21844,74],{"class":73},[55,21846,83],{"class":69},[55,21848,86],{"class":73},[55,21850,8896],{"class":77},[55,21852,74],{"class":73},[55,21854,854],{"class":69},[55,21856,13454],{"class":130},[55,21858,8906],{"class":69},[55,21860,21861],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21862,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,21864,21865,21867,21869,21871,21873,21875,21877,21879,21881],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,21866,5551],{"class":959},[55,21868,21176],{"class":61},[55,21870,83],{"class":69},[55,21872,21181],{"class":61},[55,21874,3474],{"class":959},[55,21876,12506],{"class":61},[55,21878,198],{"class":69},[55,21880,7404],{"class":123},[55,21882,21192],{"class":69},[55,21884,21885,21887,21889,21892,21894,21896,21898,21901,21904,21906,21908,21910,21912],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,21886,985],{"class":116},[55,21888,120],{"class":69},[55,21890,21891],{"class":1648},"f",[55,21893,74],{"class":77},[55,21895,8875],{"class":130},[55,21897,14438],{"class":123},[55,21899,21900],{"class":130},"}",[55,21902,21903],{"class":77},": ",[55,21905,8875],{"class":130},[55,21907,2058],{"class":123},[55,21909,21900],{"class":130},[55,21911,74],{"class":77},[55,21913,103],{"class":69},[14,21915,21916],{},[3332,21917,314],{},[45,21919,21921],{"className":47,"code":21920,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[52,21922,21923,21932,21941],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21924,21925,21927,21929],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21926,7263],{"class":61},[55,21928,854],{"class":69},[55,21930,21931],{"class":61}," Mia\n",[55,21933,21934,21936,21938],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,21935,19488],{"class":61},[55,21937,854],{"class":69},[55,21939,21940],{"class":61}," A\n",[55,21942,21943,21945,21947],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,21944,8896],{"class":61},[55,21946,854],{"class":69},[55,21948,21949],{"class":130}," 14\n",[14,21951,21952],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[45,21954,21956],{"className":47,"code":21955,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[52,21957,21958,22010,22014,22026],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,21959,21960,21962,21964,21966,21968,21970,21972,21974,21976,21978,21980,21982,21984,21986,21988,21990,21992,21994,21996,21998,22000,22002,22004,22006,22008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,21961,12464],{"class":61},[55,21963,66],{"class":65},[55,21965,10088],{"class":69},[55,21967,74],{"class":73},[55,21969,7263],{"class":77},[55,21971,74],{"class":73},[55,21973,854],{"class":69},[55,21975,86],{"class":73},[55,21977,7516],{"class":77},[55,21979,74],{"class":73},[55,21981,83],{"class":69},[55,21983,86],{"class":73},[55,21985,19488],{"class":77},[55,21987,74],{"class":73},[55,21989,854],{"class":69},[55,21991,86],{"class":73},[55,21993,21842],{"class":77},[55,21995,74],{"class":73},[55,21997,83],{"class":69},[55,21999,86],{"class":73},[55,22001,8896],{"class":77},[55,22003,74],{"class":73},[55,22005,854],{"class":69},[55,22007,13454],{"class":130},[55,22009,8906],{"class":69},[55,22011,22012],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22013,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,22015,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22017,5551],{"class":959},[55,22019,17806],{"class":61},[55,22021,3474],{"class":959},[55,22023,12506],{"class":61},[55,22025,979],{"class":69},[55,22027,22028,22030,22032,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,22029,985],{"class":116},[55,22031,120],{"class":69},[55,22033,21891],{"class":1648},[55,22035,74],{"class":77},[55,22037,8875],{"class":130},[55,22039,14438],{"class":123},[55,22041,21900],{"class":130},[55,22043,21903],{"class":77},[55,22045,8875],{"class":130},[55,22047,13222],{"class":123},[55,22049,127],{"class":69},[55,22051,14438],{"class":123},[55,22053,1277],{"class":69},[55,22055,21900],{"class":130},[55,22057,74],{"class":77},[55,22059,103],{"class":69},[14,22061,6105,22062,22065],{},[52,22063,22064],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[14,22067,22068,22069,198],{},"For a full guide, see ",[194,22070,22072],{"href":22071},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[37,22074,22076],{"id":22075},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[14,22078,22079],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[45,22081,22083],{"className":47,"code":22082,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[52,22084,22085,22143,22147,22167,22171],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22086,22087,22089,22091,22093,22095,22097,22099,22101,22103,22105,22107,22109,22111,22113,22115,22117,22119,22121,22123,22125,22127,22130,22132,22134,22136,22139,22141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22088,62],{"class":61},[55,22090,66],{"class":65},[55,22092,10088],{"class":69},[55,22094,74],{"class":73},[55,22096,407],{"class":77},[55,22098,74],{"class":73},[55,22100,854],{"class":69},[55,22102,86],{"class":73},[55,22104,78],{"class":77},[55,22106,74],{"class":73},[55,22108,83],{"class":69},[55,22110,86],{"class":73},[55,22112,416],{"class":77},[55,22114,74],{"class":73},[55,22116,854],{"class":69},[55,22118,86],{"class":73},[55,22120,1285],{"class":77},[55,22122,74],{"class":73},[55,22124,83],{"class":69},[55,22126,86],{"class":73},[55,22128,22129],{"class":77},"grape",[55,22131,74],{"class":73},[55,22133,854],{"class":69},[55,22135,86],{"class":73},[55,22137,22138],{"class":77},"purple",[55,22140,74],{"class":73},[55,22142,8906],{"class":69},[55,22144,22145],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22146,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,22148,22149,22152,22154,22157,22159,22161,22163,22165],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22150,22151],{"class":61},"pairs_list ",[55,22153,66],{"class":65},[55,22155,22156],{"class":850}," list",[55,22158,120],{"class":69},[55,22160,124],{"class":123},[55,22162,198],{"class":69},[55,22164,7404],{"class":123},[55,22166,6788],{"class":69},[55,22168,22169],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,22170,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,22172,22173,22175,22177,22180],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,22174,117],{"class":116},[55,22176,120],{"class":69},[55,22178,22179],{"class":123},"pairs_list",[55,22181,103],{"class":69},[14,22183,22184],{},[3332,22185,314],{},[45,22187,22189],{"className":47,"code":22188,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[52,22190,22191],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22192,22193,22195,22197,22199,22201,22203,22205,22207,22209,22211,22213,22215,22217,22219,22221,22223,22225,22227,22229,22231,22233,22235,22237,22239,22241,22243,22245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22194,21337],{"class":69},[55,22196,2889],{"class":73},[55,22198,407],{"class":77},[55,22200,2889],{"class":73},[55,22202,83],{"class":69},[55,22204,2884],{"class":73},[55,22206,78],{"class":77},[55,22208,2889],{"class":73},[55,22210,8831],{"class":69},[55,22212,70],{"class":69},[55,22214,2889],{"class":73},[55,22216,416],{"class":77},[55,22218,2889],{"class":73},[55,22220,83],{"class":69},[55,22222,2884],{"class":73},[55,22224,1285],{"class":77},[55,22226,2889],{"class":73},[55,22228,8831],{"class":69},[55,22230,70],{"class":69},[55,22232,2889],{"class":73},[55,22234,22129],{"class":77},[55,22236,2889],{"class":73},[55,22238,83],{"class":69},[55,22240,2884],{"class":73},[55,22242,22138],{"class":77},[55,22244,2889],{"class":73},[55,22246,8846],{"class":69},[14,22248,22249],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[14,22251,22252],{},"Use this when:",[21,22254,22255,22258,22261],{},[24,22256,22257],{},"You want clearer printed output",[24,22259,22260],{},"You need list behavior",[24,22262,22263],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[37,22265,22267,10183,22269,10183,22271],{"id":22266},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[52,22268,16676],{},[52,22270,16663],{},[52,22272,16669],{},[14,22274,22275],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[21,22277,22278,22283,22288],{},[24,22279,22280,22282],{},[52,22281,16676],{}," gives both key and value",[24,22284,22285,22287],{},[52,22286,16663],{}," gives only keys",[24,22289,22290,22292],{},[52,22291,16669],{}," gives only values",[14,22294,233],{},[45,22296,22298],{"className":47,"code":22297,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[52,22299,22300,22336,22340,22358,22376],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22301,22302,22304,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22303,12802],{"class":61},[55,22305,66],{"class":65},[55,22307,10088],{"class":69},[55,22309,74],{"class":73},[55,22311,7263],{"class":77},[55,22313,74],{"class":73},[55,22315,854],{"class":69},[55,22317,86],{"class":73},[55,22319,645],{"class":77},[55,22321,74],{"class":73},[55,22323,83],{"class":69},[55,22325,86],{"class":73},[55,22327,8896],{"class":77},[55,22329,74],{"class":73},[55,22331,854],{"class":69},[55,22333,8903],{"class":130},[55,22335,8906],{"class":69},[55,22337,22338],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22339,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,22341,22342,22344,22346,22348,22350,22352,22354,22356],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22343,117],{"class":116},[55,22345,120],{"class":69},[55,22347,7688],{"class":850},[55,22349,120],{"class":69},[55,22351,16905],{"class":123},[55,22353,198],{"class":69},[55,22355,16521],{"class":123},[55,22357,5884],{"class":69},[55,22359,22360,22362,22364,22366,22368,22370,22372,22374],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,22361,117],{"class":116},[55,22363,120],{"class":69},[55,22365,7688],{"class":850},[55,22367,120],{"class":69},[55,22369,16905],{"class":123},[55,22371,198],{"class":69},[55,22373,4951],{"class":123},[55,22375,5884],{"class":69},[55,22377,22378,22380,22382,22384,22386,22388,22390,22392],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,22379,117],{"class":116},[55,22381,120],{"class":69},[55,22383,7688],{"class":850},[55,22385,120],{"class":69},[55,22387,16905],{"class":123},[55,22389,198],{"class":69},[55,22391,7404],{"class":123},[55,22393,5884],{"class":69},[14,22395,22396],{},[3332,22397,314],{},[45,22399,22401],{"className":47,"code":22400,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[52,22402,22403,22423,22439],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22404,22405,22407,22409,22411,22413,22415,22417,22419,22421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22406,127],{"class":69},[55,22408,2889],{"class":73},[55,22410,7263],{"class":77},[55,22412,2889],{"class":73},[55,22414,83],{"class":69},[55,22416,2884],{"class":73},[55,22418,8896],{"class":77},[55,22420,2889],{"class":73},[55,22422,386],{"class":69},[55,22424,22425,22427,22429,22431,22433,22435,22437],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22426,127],{"class":69},[55,22428,2889],{"class":73},[55,22430,645],{"class":77},[55,22432,2889],{"class":73},[55,22434,83],{"class":69},[55,22436,8903],{"class":130},[55,22438,386],{"class":69},[55,22440,22441,22443,22445,22447,22449,22451,22453,22455,22457,22459,22461,22463,22465,22467,22469,22471],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22442,21337],{"class":69},[55,22444,2889],{"class":73},[55,22446,7263],{"class":77},[55,22448,2889],{"class":73},[55,22450,83],{"class":69},[55,22452,2884],{"class":73},[55,22454,645],{"class":77},[55,22456,2889],{"class":73},[55,22458,8831],{"class":69},[55,22460,70],{"class":69},[55,22462,2889],{"class":73},[55,22464,8896],{"class":77},[55,22466,2889],{"class":73},[55,22468,83],{"class":69},[55,22470,8903],{"class":130},[55,22472,8846],{"class":69},[14,22474,22475],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[21,22477,22478,22486,22494],{},[24,22479,22480,22481],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[194,22482,22484],{"href":22483},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[52,22485,16663],{},[24,22487,22488,22489],{},"Need just values? Use ",[194,22490,22492],{"href":22491},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[52,22493,16669],{},[24,22495,22496,22497],{},"Need both together? Use ",[52,22498,16676],{},[37,22500,4553,22502],{"id":22501},"when-to-use-items",[52,22503,16676],{},[14,22505,22506,22508],{},[52,22507,16676],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[21,22510,22511,22514,22517,22520,22523],{},[24,22512,22513],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[24,22515,22516],{},"Building formatted output",[24,22518,22519],{},"Looping through settings and values",[24,22521,22522],{},"Showing names with scores",[24,22524,22525],{},"Working with labels and their data",[14,22527,233],{},[45,22529,22531],{"className":47,"code":22530,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[52,22532,22533,22541,22559,22578,22590,22594,22598,22619],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22534,22535,22537,22539],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22536,13422],{"class":61},[55,22538,66],{"class":65},[55,22540,11091],{"class":69},[55,22542,22543,22545,22547,22549,22551,22553,22555,22557],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22544,11096],{"class":73},[55,22546,12094],{"class":77},[55,22548,74],{"class":73},[55,22550,854],{"class":69},[55,22552,86],{"class":73},[55,22554,12103],{"class":77},[55,22556,74],{"class":73},[55,22558,11112],{"class":69},[55,22560,22561,22563,22565,22567,22569,22571,22574,22576],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22562,11096],{"class":73},[55,22564,19720],{"class":77},[55,22566,74],{"class":73},[55,22568,854],{"class":69},[55,22570,86],{"class":73},[55,22572,22573],{"class":77},"English",[55,22575,74],{"class":73},[55,22577,11112],{"class":69},[55,22579,22580,22582,22584,22586,22588],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,22581,11096],{"class":73},[55,22583,18122],{"class":77},[55,22585,74],{"class":73},[55,22587,854],{"class":69},[55,22589,6017],{"class":3443},[55,22591,22592],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,22593,8906],{"class":69},[55,22595,22596],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,22597,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,22599,22600,22602,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,22601,5551],{"class":959},[55,22603,22604],{"class":61}," setting",[55,22606,83],{"class":69},[55,22608,21181],{"class":61},[55,22610,3474],{"class":959},[55,22612,13466],{"class":61},[55,22614,198],{"class":69},[55,22616,7404],{"class":123},[55,22618,21192],{"class":69},[55,22620,22621,22623,22625,22627,22629,22631,22634,22636,22639,22641,22643,22645,22647],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,22622,985],{"class":116},[55,22624,120],{"class":69},[55,22626,21891],{"class":1648},[55,22628,74],{"class":77},[55,22630,8875],{"class":130},[55,22632,22633],{"class":123},"setting",[55,22635,21900],{"class":130},[55,22637,22638],{"class":77}," = ",[55,22640,8875],{"class":130},[55,22642,2058],{"class":123},[55,22644,21900],{"class":130},[55,22646,74],{"class":77},[55,22648,103],{"class":69},[14,22650,22651],{},[3332,22652,314],{},[45,22654,22656],{"className":47,"code":22655,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[52,22657,22658,22668,22678],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22659,22660,22663,22665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22661,22662],{"class":61},"theme ",[55,22664,66],{"class":65},[55,22666,22667],{"class":61}," dark\n",[55,22669,22670,22673,22675],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22671,22672],{"class":61},"language ",[55,22674,66],{"class":65},[55,22676,22677],{"class":61}," English\n",[55,22679,22680,22683,22685],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22681,22682],{"class":61},"notifications ",[55,22684,66],{"class":65},[55,22686,6017],{"class":3443},[37,22688,1298],{"id":1297},[14,22690,22691,22692,198],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[52,22693,16676],{},[1425,22695,22697,22698,22700],{"id":22696},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[52,22699,16676],{}," incorrectly",[14,22702,22703,22704,22706,22707,22710],{},"Each result from ",[52,22705,16676],{}," has ",[3332,22708,22709],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[14,22712,1175],{},[45,22714,22715],{"className":47,"code":21127,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,22716,22717,22753,22757,22777],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22718,22719,22721,22723,22725,22727,22729,22731,22733,22735,22737,22739,22741,22743,22745,22747,22749,22751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22720,12802],{"class":61},[55,22722,66],{"class":65},[55,22724,10088],{"class":69},[55,22726,74],{"class":73},[55,22728,7263],{"class":77},[55,22730,74],{"class":73},[55,22732,854],{"class":69},[55,22734,86],{"class":73},[55,22736,645],{"class":77},[55,22738,74],{"class":73},[55,22740,83],{"class":69},[55,22742,86],{"class":73},[55,22744,8896],{"class":77},[55,22746,74],{"class":73},[55,22748,854],{"class":69},[55,22750,8903],{"class":130},[55,22752,8906],{"class":69},[55,22754,22755],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22756,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,22758,22759,22761,22763,22765,22767,22769,22771,22773,22775],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22760,5551],{"class":959},[55,22762,21176],{"class":61},[55,22764,83],{"class":69},[55,22766,21181],{"class":61},[55,22768,3474],{"class":959},[55,22770,12845],{"class":61},[55,22772,198],{"class":69},[55,22774,7404],{"class":123},[55,22776,21192],{"class":69},[55,22778,22779,22781,22783,22785,22787,22789],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,22780,985],{"class":116},[55,22782,120],{"class":69},[55,22784,14438],{"class":123},[55,22786,83],{"class":69},[55,22788,8028],{"class":123},[55,22790,103],{"class":69},[14,22792,22793],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[45,22795,22797],{"className":47,"code":22796,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[52,22798,22799,22835,22839,22855],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22800,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22802,12802],{"class":61},[55,22804,66],{"class":65},[55,22806,10088],{"class":69},[55,22808,74],{"class":73},[55,22810,7263],{"class":77},[55,22812,74],{"class":73},[55,22814,854],{"class":69},[55,22816,86],{"class":73},[55,22818,645],{"class":77},[55,22820,74],{"class":73},[55,22822,83],{"class":69},[55,22824,86],{"class":73},[55,22826,8896],{"class":77},[55,22828,74],{"class":73},[55,22830,854],{"class":69},[55,22832,8903],{"class":130},[55,22834,8906],{"class":69},[55,22836,22837],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22838,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,22840,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,22842,5551],{"class":959},[55,22844,17806],{"class":61},[55,22846,3474],{"class":959},[55,22848,12845],{"class":61},[55,22850,198],{"class":69},[55,22852,7404],{"class":123},[55,22854,21192],{"class":69},[55,22856,22857,22859,22861,22863],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,22858,985],{"class":116},[55,22860,120],{"class":69},[55,22862,14438],{"class":123},[55,22864,103],{"class":69},[14,22866,22867,22868,22870,22871,22874],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[52,22869,14438],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[52,22872,22873],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[14,22876,22877],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[45,22879,22881],{"className":47,"code":22880,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[52,22882,22883,22899],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22884,22885,22887,22889,22891,22893,22895,22897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22886,5551],{"class":959},[55,22888,5554],{"class":61},[55,22890,3474],{"class":959},[55,22892,12845],{"class":61},[55,22894,198],{"class":69},[55,22896,7404],{"class":123},[55,22898,21192],{"class":69},[55,22900,22901,22903,22905,22908],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22902,985],{"class":116},[55,22904,120],{"class":69},[55,22906,22907],{"class":123},"item",[55,22909,103],{"class":69},[14,22911,22912],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[45,22914,22916],{"className":47,"code":22915,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[52,22917,22918,22938],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22919,22920,22922,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22921,5551],{"class":959},[55,22923,21176],{"class":61},[55,22925,83],{"class":69},[55,22927,21181],{"class":61},[55,22929,3474],{"class":959},[55,22931,12845],{"class":61},[55,22933,198],{"class":69},[55,22935,7404],{"class":123},[55,22937,21192],{"class":69},[55,22939,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,22941,985],{"class":116},[55,22943,120],{"class":69},[55,22945,14438],{"class":123},[55,22947,83],{"class":69},[55,22949,8028],{"class":123},[55,22951,103],{"class":69},[1425,22953,8048,22955,22957],{"id":22954},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[52,22956,16676],{}," to return a regular list",[14,22959,22960,21572,22962,22964],{},[52,22961,16676],{},[52,22963,21505],{}," object, not a list.",[14,22966,22967],{},"Check it:",[45,22969,22971],{"className":47,"code":22970,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[52,22972,22973,23005,23009,23023,23041],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,22974,22975,22977,22979,22981,22983,22985,22987,22989,22991,22993,22995,22997,22999,23001,23003],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,22976,11323],{"class":61},[55,22978,66],{"class":65},[55,22980,10088],{"class":69},[55,22982,74],{"class":73},[55,22984,194],{"class":77},[55,22986,74],{"class":73},[55,22988,854],{"class":69},[55,22990,5090],{"class":130},[55,22992,83],{"class":69},[55,22994,86],{"class":73},[55,22996,786],{"class":77},[55,22998,74],{"class":73},[55,23000,854],{"class":69},[55,23002,976],{"class":130},[55,23004,8906],{"class":69},[55,23006,23007],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23008,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23010,23011,23013,23015,23017,23019,23021],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,23012,117],{"class":116},[55,23014,120],{"class":69},[55,23016,11048],{"class":123},[55,23018,198],{"class":69},[55,23020,7404],{"class":123},[55,23022,6788],{"class":69},[55,23024,23025,23027,23029,23031,23033,23035,23037,23039],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,23026,117],{"class":116},[55,23028,120],{"class":69},[55,23030,1396],{"class":850},[55,23032,120],{"class":69},[55,23034,11048],{"class":123},[55,23036,198],{"class":69},[55,23038,7404],{"class":123},[55,23040,5884],{"class":69},[55,23042,23043,23045,23047,23049,23051,23053,23055,23057],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,23044,117],{"class":116},[55,23046,120],{"class":69},[55,23048,7688],{"class":850},[55,23050,120],{"class":69},[55,23052,11048],{"class":123},[55,23054,198],{"class":69},[55,23056,7404],{"class":123},[55,23058,5884],{"class":69},[14,23060,23061],{},[3332,23062,314],{},[45,23064,23066],{"className":47,"code":23065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[52,23067,23068,23100,23114],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23069,23070,23072,23074,23076,23078,23080,23082,23084,23086,23088,23090,23092,23094,23096,23098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23071,21505],{"class":123},[55,23073,9255],{"class":69},[55,23075,2889],{"class":73},[55,23077,194],{"class":77},[55,23079,2889],{"class":73},[55,23081,83],{"class":69},[55,23083,5090],{"class":130},[55,23085,8831],{"class":69},[55,23087,70],{"class":69},[55,23089,2889],{"class":73},[55,23091,786],{"class":77},[55,23093,2889],{"class":73},[55,23095,83],{"class":69},[55,23097,976],{"class":130},[55,23099,10277],{"class":69},[55,23101,23102,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23103,2878],{"class":65},[55,23105,2881],{"class":1648},[55,23107,2884],{"class":73},[55,23109,21505],{"class":77},[55,23111,2889],{"class":73},[55,23113,2892],{"class":65},[55,23115,23116,23118,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23132,23134,23136,23138,23140,23142],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,23117,21337],{"class":69},[55,23119,2889],{"class":73},[55,23121,194],{"class":77},[55,23123,2889],{"class":73},[55,23125,83],{"class":69},[55,23127,5090],{"class":130},[55,23129,8831],{"class":69},[55,23131,70],{"class":69},[55,23133,2889],{"class":73},[55,23135,786],{"class":77},[55,23137,2889],{"class":73},[55,23139,83],{"class":69},[55,23141,976],{"class":130},[55,23143,8846],{"class":69},[1425,23145,23147,23148],{"id":23146},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[52,23149,16676],{},[14,23151,23152],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[14,23154,23155],{},"Problem example:",[45,23157,23159],{"className":47,"code":23158,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[52,23160,23161,23205,23209,23229,23241],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23162,23163,23165,23167,23169,23171,23173,23175,23177,23179,23181,23183,23185,23187,23189,23191,23193,23195,23197,23199,23201,23203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23164,243],{"class":61},[55,23166,66],{"class":65},[55,23168,10088],{"class":69},[55,23170,74],{"class":73},[55,23172,194],{"class":77},[55,23174,74],{"class":73},[55,23176,854],{"class":69},[55,23178,5090],{"class":130},[55,23180,83],{"class":69},[55,23182,86],{"class":73},[55,23184,786],{"class":77},[55,23186,74],{"class":73},[55,23188,854],{"class":69},[55,23190,976],{"class":130},[55,23192,83],{"class":69},[55,23194,86],{"class":73},[55,23196,795],{"class":77},[55,23198,74],{"class":73},[55,23200,854],{"class":69},[55,23202,2036],{"class":130},[55,23204,8906],{"class":69},[55,23206,23207],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23208,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23210,23211,23213,23215,23217,23219,23221,23223,23225,23227],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,23212,5551],{"class":959},[55,23214,21176],{"class":61},[55,23216,83],{"class":69},[55,23218,21181],{"class":61},[55,23220,3474],{"class":959},[55,23222,3852],{"class":61},[55,23224,198],{"class":69},[55,23226,7404],{"class":123},[55,23228,21192],{"class":69},[55,23230,23231,23233,23235,23237,23239],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,23232,5992],{"class":959},[55,23234,21181],{"class":61},[55,23236,4280],{"class":65},[55,23238,976],{"class":130},[55,23240,979],{"class":69},[55,23242,23243,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254,23256,23258],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,23244,23245],{"class":61},"        numbers",[55,23247,127],{"class":69},[55,23249,74],{"class":73},[55,23251,18365],{"class":77},[55,23253,74],{"class":73},[55,23255,1277],{"class":69},[55,23257,1280],{"class":65},[55,23259,23260],{"class":130}," 4\n",[14,23262,23263],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[14,23265,23266],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[45,23268,23270],{"className":47,"code":23269,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,23271,23272,23316,23320,23345,23357,23375,23379],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23273,23274,23276,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288,23290,23292,23294,23296,23298,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23275,243],{"class":61},[55,23277,66],{"class":65},[55,23279,10088],{"class":69},[55,23281,74],{"class":73},[55,23283,194],{"class":77},[55,23285,74],{"class":73},[55,23287,854],{"class":69},[55,23289,5090],{"class":130},[55,23291,83],{"class":69},[55,23293,86],{"class":73},[55,23295,786],{"class":77},[55,23297,74],{"class":73},[55,23299,854],{"class":69},[55,23301,976],{"class":130},[55,23303,83],{"class":69},[55,23305,86],{"class":73},[55,23307,795],{"class":77},[55,23309,74],{"class":73},[55,23311,854],{"class":69},[55,23313,2036],{"class":130},[55,23315,8906],{"class":69},[55,23317,23318],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23319,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23321,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332,23334,23336,23338,23340,23342],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,23323,5551],{"class":959},[55,23325,21176],{"class":61},[55,23327,83],{"class":69},[55,23329,21181],{"class":61},[55,23331,3474],{"class":959},[55,23333,22156],{"class":850},[55,23335,120],{"class":69},[55,23337,275],{"class":123},[55,23339,198],{"class":69},[55,23341,7404],{"class":123},[55,23343,23344],{"class":69},"()):\n",[55,23346,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,23348,5992],{"class":959},[55,23350,21181],{"class":61},[55,23352,4280],{"class":65},[55,23354,976],{"class":130},[55,23356,979],{"class":69},[55,23358,23359,23361,23363,23365,23367,23369,23371,23373],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,23360,23245],{"class":61},[55,23362,127],{"class":69},[55,23364,74],{"class":73},[55,23366,18365],{"class":77},[55,23368,74],{"class":73},[55,23370,1277],{"class":69},[55,23372,1280],{"class":65},[55,23374,23260],{"class":130},[55,23376,23377],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,23378,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23380,23381,23383,23385,23387],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,23382,117],{"class":116},[55,23384,120],{"class":69},[55,23386,275],{"class":123},[55,23388,103],{"class":69},[1425,23390,23392],{"id":23391},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[14,23394,23395],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[45,23397,23399],{"className":47,"code":23398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[52,23400,23401,23433,23437,23453],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23402,23403,23405,23407,23409,23411,23413,23415,23417,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23404,8763],{"class":61},[55,23406,66],{"class":65},[55,23408,10088],{"class":69},[55,23410,74],{"class":73},[55,23412,1757],{"class":77},[55,23414,74],{"class":73},[55,23416,854],{"class":69},[55,23418,5598],{"class":130},[55,23420,83],{"class":69},[55,23422,86],{"class":73},[55,23424,11344],{"class":77},[55,23426,74],{"class":73},[55,23428,854],{"class":69},[55,23430,255],{"class":130},[55,23432,8906],{"class":69},[55,23434,23435],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23436,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23438,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449,23451],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,23440,5551],{"class":959},[55,23442,5554],{"class":61},[55,23444,3474],{"class":959},[55,23446,14163],{"class":61},[55,23448,198],{"class":69},[55,23450,7404],{"class":123},[55,23452,21192],{"class":69},[55,23454,23455,23457,23459,23461],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,23456,985],{"class":116},[55,23458,120],{"class":69},[55,23460,22907],{"class":123},[55,23462,103],{"class":69},[14,23464,23465],{},[3332,23466,314],{},[45,23468,23470],{"className":47,"code":23469,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[52,23471,23472,23488],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23473,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23475,120],{"class":69},[55,23477,2889],{"class":73},[55,23479,1757],{"class":77},[55,23481,2889],{"class":73},[55,23483,83],{"class":69},[55,23485,5598],{"class":130},[55,23487,103],{"class":69},[55,23489,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23491,120],{"class":69},[55,23493,2889],{"class":73},[55,23495,11344],{"class":77},[55,23497,2889],{"class":73},[55,23499,83],{"class":69},[55,23501,255],{"class":130},[55,23503,103],{"class":69},[14,23505,23506,23507,23509],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[52,23508,21252],{}," pair.",[37,23511,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,23513,23515,23516,4736],{"id":23514},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[52,23517,16676],{},[14,23519,17020,23520,23522],{},[52,23521,21505],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[1425,23524,12304,23526,23528],{"id":23525},"does-items-return-a-list",[52,23527,16676],{}," return a list?",[14,23530,23531,23532,23535],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[52,23533,23534],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[1425,23537,23539,23540,2078],{"id":23538},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[52,23541,16676],{},[14,23543,23544],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[45,23546,23548],{"className":47,"code":23547,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[52,23549,23550,23570],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23551,23552,23554,23556,23558,23560,23562,23564,23566,23568],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23553,5551],{"class":959},[55,23555,21176],{"class":61},[55,23557,83],{"class":69},[55,23559,21181],{"class":61},[55,23561,3474],{"class":959},[55,23563,11365],{"class":61},[55,23565,198],{"class":69},[55,23567,7404],{"class":123},[55,23569,21192],{"class":69},[55,23571,23572,23574,23576,23578,23580,23582],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23573,985],{"class":116},[55,23575,120],{"class":69},[55,23577,14438],{"class":123},[55,23579,83],{"class":69},[55,23581,8028],{"class":123},[55,23583,103],{"class":69},[1425,23585,12304,23587,23589],{"id":23586},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[52,23588,16676],{}," change the dictionary?",[14,23591,23592],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[37,23594,1495],{"id":1494},[21,23596,23597,23603,23609,23614,23618],{},[24,23598,23599],{},[194,23600,10335,23601,10339],{"href":22483},[52,23602,16663],{},[24,23604,23605],{},[194,23606,10335,23607,10339],{"href":22491},[52,23608,16669],{},[24,23610,23611],{},[194,23612,23613],{"href":22071},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[24,23615,23616],{},[194,23617,8753],{"href":12623},[24,23619,23620],{},[194,23621,23622],{"href":21375},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1524,23624,23625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":23627},[23628,23629,23631,23632,23633,23635,23636,23638,23640,23649,23659],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":21235,"depth":106,"text":23630},"What items() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":21566,"depth":106,"text":21567},{"id":21792,"depth":106,"text":23634},"Looping with items()",{"id":22075,"depth":106,"text":22076},{"id":22266,"depth":106,"text":23637},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22501,"depth":106,"text":23639},"When to use items()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":23641},[23642,23644,23646,23648],{"id":22696,"depth":113,"text":23643},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22954,"depth":113,"text":23645},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23146,"depth":113,"text":23647},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23391,"depth":113,"text":23392},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":23650},[23651,23653,23655,23657],{"id":23514,"depth":113,"text":23652},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23525,"depth":113,"text":23654},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23538,"depth":113,"text":23656},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23586,"depth":113,"text":23658},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21103,"description":23660},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23667,"title":23668,"body":23669,"description":25758,"extension":1546,"meta":25759,"navigation":109,"path":22483,"seo":25760,"stem":25761,"__hash__":25762},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23670,"toc":25724},[23671,23676,23682,23685,23696,23703,23705,23788,23792,23839,23844,23849,23854,23856,23872,23874,23973,23977,24034,24037,24039,24042,24135,24139,24202,24205,24221,24226,24228,24230,24245,24247,24258,24260,24303,24306,24350,24353,24355,24362,24365,24382,24384,24477,24481,24522,24534,24538,24541,24629,24633,24653,24656,24683,24690,24695,24699,24710,24712,24816,24820,24846,24849,24916,24921,24924,24947,24952,24956,24961,24967,24972,24974,25029,25033,25060,25067,25073,25076,25101,25107,25133,25136,25211,25218,25223,25225,25264,25281,25285,25288,25331,25334,25336,25355,25357,25362,25387,25390,25460,25463,25536,25540,25542,25603,25606,25622,25624,25629,25634,25641,25650,25656,25662,25669,25675,25679,25684,25686,25721],[10,23672,10916,23674,10920],{"id":23673},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[52,23675,16663],{},[14,23677,23678,23679,23681],{},"The Python dictionary ",[52,23680,16663],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23683,23684],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[21,23686,23687,23690,23693],{},[24,23688,23689],{},"view the available keys",[24,23691,23692],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[24,23694,23695],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[14,23697,23698,23700,23701,198],{},[52,23699,16663],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[52,23702,16612],{},[37,23704,1588],{"id":1587},[45,23706,23708],{"className":47,"code":23707,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[52,23709,23710,23746,23760,23764,23774],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23711,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726,23728,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738,23740,23742,23744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23713,12464],{"class":61},[55,23715,66],{"class":65},[55,23717,10088],{"class":69},[55,23719,74],{"class":73},[55,23721,7263],{"class":77},[55,23723,74],{"class":73},[55,23725,854],{"class":69},[55,23727,86],{"class":73},[55,23729,645],{"class":77},[55,23731,74],{"class":73},[55,23733,83],{"class":69},[55,23735,86],{"class":73},[55,23737,8896],{"class":77},[55,23739,74],{"class":73},[55,23741,854],{"class":69},[55,23743,255],{"class":130},[55,23745,8906],{"class":69},[55,23747,23748,23750,23752,23754,23756,23758],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23749,16840],{"class":61},[55,23751,66],{"class":65},[55,23753,12506],{"class":61},[55,23755,198],{"class":69},[55,23757,16521],{"class":123},[55,23759,8239],{"class":69},[55,23761,23762],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,23763,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23765,23766,23768,23770,23772],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,23767,117],{"class":116},[55,23769,120],{"class":69},[55,23771,16521],{"class":123},[55,23773,103],{"class":69},[55,23775,23776,23778,23780,23782,23784,23786],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,23777,117],{"class":116},[55,23779,120],{"class":69},[55,23781,7688],{"class":850},[55,23783,120],{"class":69},[55,23785,16521],{"class":123},[55,23787,1357],{"class":69},[14,23789,23790],{},[3332,23791,314],{},[45,23793,23795],{"className":47,"code":23794,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[52,23796,23797,23819],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23798,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813,23815,23817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23800,16612],{"class":123},[55,23802,2573],{"class":69},[55,23804,2889],{"class":73},[55,23806,7263],{"class":77},[55,23808,2889],{"class":73},[55,23810,83],{"class":69},[55,23812,2884],{"class":73},[55,23814,8896],{"class":77},[55,23816,2889],{"class":73},[55,23818,282],{"class":69},[55,23820,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23822,127],{"class":69},[55,23824,2889],{"class":73},[55,23826,7263],{"class":77},[55,23828,2889],{"class":73},[55,23830,83],{"class":69},[55,23832,2884],{"class":73},[55,23834,8896],{"class":77},[55,23836,2889],{"class":73},[55,23838,386],{"class":69},[14,23840,1440,23841,23843],{},[52,23842,16663],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[37,23845,3265,23847,3268],{"id":23846},"what-keys-does",[52,23848,16663],{},[14,23850,23851,23853],{},[52,23852,16663],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[14,23855,211],{},[21,23857,23858,23861,23864,23869],{},[24,23859,23860],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[24,23862,23863],{},"It does not need any arguments",[24,23865,17020,23866,23868],{},[52,23867,16612],{}," view object, not a list",[24,23870,23871],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[14,23873,233],{},[45,23875,23877],{"className":47,"code":23876,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[52,23878,23879,23915,23919,23933,23937,23959],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23880,23881,23883,23885,23887,23889,23891,23893,23895,23897,23899,23901,23903,23905,23907,23909,23911,23913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23882,12802],{"class":61},[55,23884,66],{"class":65},[55,23886,10088],{"class":69},[55,23888,74],{"class":73},[55,23890,7263],{"class":77},[55,23892,74],{"class":73},[55,23894,854],{"class":69},[55,23896,86],{"class":73},[55,23898,12819],{"class":77},[55,23900,74],{"class":73},[55,23902,83],{"class":69},[55,23904,86],{"class":73},[55,23906,8896],{"class":77},[55,23908,74],{"class":73},[55,23910,854],{"class":69},[55,23912,8903],{"class":130},[55,23914,8906],{"class":69},[55,23916,23917],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,23918,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23920,23921,23923,23925,23927,23929,23931],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,23922,117],{"class":116},[55,23924,120],{"class":69},[55,23926,16905],{"class":123},[55,23928,198],{"class":69},[55,23930,16521],{"class":123},[55,23932,6788],{"class":69},[55,23934,23935],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,23936,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,23938,23939,23941,23943,23945,23947,23949,23951,23953,23955,23957],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,23940,16905],{"class":61},[55,23942,127],{"class":69},[55,23944,74],{"class":73},[55,23946,10006],{"class":77},[55,23948,74],{"class":73},[55,23950,1277],{"class":69},[55,23952,1280],{"class":65},[55,23954,86],{"class":73},[55,23956,10013],{"class":77},[55,23958,1288],{"class":73},[55,23960,23961,23963,23965,23967,23969,23971],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,23962,117],{"class":116},[55,23964,120],{"class":69},[55,23966,16905],{"class":123},[55,23968,198],{"class":69},[55,23970,16521],{"class":123},[55,23972,6788],{"class":69},[14,23974,23975],{},[3332,23976,314],{},[45,23978,23980],{"className":47,"code":23979,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[52,23981,23982,24004],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,23983,23984,23986,23988,23990,23992,23994,23996,23998,24000,24002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,23985,16612],{"class":123},[55,23987,2573],{"class":69},[55,23989,2889],{"class":73},[55,23991,7263],{"class":77},[55,23993,2889],{"class":73},[55,23995,83],{"class":69},[55,23997,2884],{"class":73},[55,23999,8896],{"class":77},[55,24001,2889],{"class":73},[55,24003,282],{"class":69},[55,24005,24006,24008,24010,24012,24014,24016,24018,24020,24022,24024,24026,24028,24030,24032],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24007,16612],{"class":123},[55,24009,2573],{"class":69},[55,24011,2889],{"class":73},[55,24013,7263],{"class":77},[55,24015,2889],{"class":73},[55,24017,83],{"class":69},[55,24019,2884],{"class":73},[55,24021,8896],{"class":77},[55,24023,2889],{"class":73},[55,24025,83],{"class":69},[55,24027,2884],{"class":73},[55,24029,10006],{"class":77},[55,24031,2889],{"class":73},[55,24033,282],{"class":69},[14,24035,24036],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[37,24038,5380],{"id":5379},[14,24040,24041],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[45,24043,24045],{"className":47,"code":24044,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[52,24046,24047,24099,24103,24117],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24048,24049,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067,24069,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081,24083,24085,24087,24089,24091,24093,24095,24097],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24050,8763],{"class":61},[55,24052,66],{"class":65},[55,24054,10088],{"class":69},[55,24056,74],{"class":73},[55,24058,7263],{"class":77},[55,24060,74],{"class":73},[55,24062,854],{"class":69},[55,24064,86],{"class":73},[55,24066,645],{"class":77},[55,24068,74],{"class":73},[55,24070,83],{"class":69},[55,24072,86],{"class":73},[55,24074,8896],{"class":77},[55,24076,74],{"class":73},[55,24078,854],{"class":69},[55,24080,255],{"class":130},[55,24082,83],{"class":69},[55,24084,86],{"class":73},[55,24086,19488],{"class":77},[55,24088,74],{"class":73},[55,24090,854],{"class":69},[55,24092,86],{"class":73},[55,24094,21842],{"class":77},[55,24096,74],{"class":73},[55,24098,8906],{"class":69},[55,24100,24101],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24102,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,24104,24105,24107,24109,24111,24113,24115],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,24106,117],{"class":116},[55,24108,120],{"class":69},[55,24110,8802],{"class":123},[55,24112,198],{"class":69},[55,24114,16521],{"class":123},[55,24116,6788],{"class":69},[55,24118,24119,24121,24123,24125,24127,24129,24131,24133],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,24120,117],{"class":116},[55,24122,120],{"class":69},[55,24124,7688],{"class":850},[55,24126,120],{"class":69},[55,24128,8802],{"class":123},[55,24130,198],{"class":69},[55,24132,16521],{"class":123},[55,24134,5884],{"class":69},[14,24136,24137],{},[3332,24138,314],{},[45,24140,24142],{"className":47,"code":24141,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[52,24143,24144,24174],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24145,24146,24148,24150,24152,24154,24156,24158,24160,24162,24164,24166,24168,24170,24172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24147,16612],{"class":123},[55,24149,2573],{"class":69},[55,24151,2889],{"class":73},[55,24153,7263],{"class":77},[55,24155,2889],{"class":73},[55,24157,83],{"class":69},[55,24159,2884],{"class":73},[55,24161,8896],{"class":77},[55,24163,2889],{"class":73},[55,24165,83],{"class":69},[55,24167,2884],{"class":73},[55,24169,19488],{"class":77},[55,24171,2889],{"class":73},[55,24173,282],{"class":69},[55,24175,24176,24178,24180,24182,24184,24186,24188,24190,24192,24194,24196,24198,24200],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24177,127],{"class":69},[55,24179,2889],{"class":73},[55,24181,7263],{"class":77},[55,24183,2889],{"class":73},[55,24185,83],{"class":69},[55,24187,2884],{"class":73},[55,24189,8896],{"class":77},[55,24191,2889],{"class":73},[55,24193,83],{"class":69},[55,24195,2884],{"class":73},[55,24197,19488],{"class":77},[55,24199,2889],{"class":73},[55,24201,386],{"class":69},[14,24203,24204],{},"This shows two things:",[21,24206,24207,24215],{},[24,24208,24209,21572,24212,24214],{},[52,24210,24211],{},"data.keys()",[52,24213,16612],{}," object",[24,24216,24217,24220],{},[52,24218,24219],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[14,24222,8749,24223,198],{},[194,24224,24225],{"href":8988},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[37,24227,5023],{"id":5022},[14,24229,1743],{},[45,24231,24233],{"className":47,"code":24232,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict.keys()\n",[52,24234,24235],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24236,24237,24239,24241,24243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24238,11048],{"class":61},[55,24240,198],{"class":69},[55,24242,16521],{"class":123},[55,24244,8239],{"class":69},[14,24246,21397],{},[21,24248,24249,24252,24255],{},[24,24250,24251],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[24,24253,24254],{},"It takes no parameters",[24,24256,24257],{},"You must include the parentheses",[14,24259,16253],{},[45,24261,24263],{"className":47,"code":24262,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[52,24264,24265,24289],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24266,24267,24269,24271,24273,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285,24287],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24268,12464],{"class":61},[55,24270,66],{"class":65},[55,24272,10088],{"class":69},[55,24274,74],{"class":73},[55,24276,7263],{"class":77},[55,24278,74],{"class":73},[55,24280,854],{"class":69},[55,24282,86],{"class":73},[55,24284,645],{"class":77},[55,24286,74],{"class":73},[55,24288,8906],{"class":69},[55,24290,24291,24293,24295,24297,24299,24301],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24292,117],{"class":116},[55,24294,120],{"class":69},[55,24296,13222],{"class":123},[55,24298,198],{"class":69},[55,24300,16521],{"class":123},[55,24302,6788],{"class":69},[14,24304,24305],{},"Incorrect:",[45,24307,24309],{"className":47,"code":24308,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[52,24310,24311,24335],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24312,24313,24315,24317,24319,24321,24323,24325,24327,24329,24331,24333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24314,12464],{"class":61},[55,24316,66],{"class":65},[55,24318,10088],{"class":69},[55,24320,74],{"class":73},[55,24322,7263],{"class":77},[55,24324,74],{"class":73},[55,24326,854],{"class":69},[55,24328,86],{"class":73},[55,24330,645],{"class":77},[55,24332,74],{"class":73},[55,24334,8906],{"class":69},[55,24336,24337,24339,24341,24343,24345,24348],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24338,117],{"class":116},[55,24340,120],{"class":69},[55,24342,13222],{"class":123},[55,24344,198],{"class":69},[55,24346,16521],{"class":24347},"skxfh",[55,24349,103],{"class":69},[14,24351,24352],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[37,24354,17017],{"id":17016},[14,24356,24357,21572,24359,24361],{},[52,24358,16663],{},[52,24360,16612],{}," object.",[14,24363,24364],{},"This object:",[21,24366,24367,24370,24373,24379],{},[24,24368,24369],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[24,24371,24372],{},"can be used in a loop",[24,24374,24375,24376],{},"can be converted with ",[52,24377,24378],{},"list()",[24,24380,24381],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[14,24383,233],{},[45,24385,24387],{"className":47,"code":24386,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,24388,24389,24430,24434,24449,24453,24463],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24390,24391,24394,24396,24398,24400,24403,24405,24407,24409,24412,24414,24416,24418,24421,24423,24425,24428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24392,24393],{"class":61},"car ",[55,24395,66],{"class":65},[55,24397,10088],{"class":69},[55,24399,74],{"class":73},[55,24401,24402],{"class":77},"brand",[55,24404,74],{"class":73},[55,24406,854],{"class":69},[55,24408,86],{"class":73},[55,24410,24411],{"class":77},"Toyota",[55,24413,74],{"class":73},[55,24415,83],{"class":69},[55,24417,86],{"class":73},[55,24419,24420],{"class":77},"year",[55,24422,74],{"class":73},[55,24424,854],{"class":69},[55,24426,24427],{"class":130}," 2020",[55,24429,8906],{"class":69},[55,24431,24432],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24433,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,24435,24436,24438,24440,24443,24445,24447],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,24437,1814],{"class":61},[55,24439,66],{"class":65},[55,24441,24442],{"class":61}," car",[55,24444,198],{"class":69},[55,24446,16521],{"class":123},[55,24448,8239],{"class":69},[55,24450,24451],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,24452,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,24454,24455,24457,24459,24461],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,24456,117],{"class":116},[55,24458,120],{"class":69},[55,24460,1849],{"class":123},[55,24462,103],{"class":69},[55,24464,24465,24467,24469,24471,24473,24475],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,24466,117],{"class":116},[55,24468,120],{"class":69},[55,24470,1396],{"class":850},[55,24472,120],{"class":69},[55,24474,1849],{"class":123},[55,24476,1357],{"class":69},[14,24478,24479],{},[3332,24480,314],{},[45,24482,24484],{"className":47,"code":24483,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[52,24485,24486,24508],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24487,24488,24490,24492,24494,24496,24498,24500,24502,24504,24506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24489,16612],{"class":123},[55,24491,2573],{"class":69},[55,24493,2889],{"class":73},[55,24495,24402],{"class":77},[55,24497,2889],{"class":73},[55,24499,83],{"class":69},[55,24501,2884],{"class":73},[55,24503,24420],{"class":77},[55,24505,2889],{"class":73},[55,24507,282],{"class":69},[55,24509,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24511,2878],{"class":65},[55,24513,2881],{"class":1648},[55,24515,2884],{"class":73},[55,24517,16612],{"class":77},[55,24519,2889],{"class":73},[55,24521,2892],{"class":65},[14,24523,24524,24525,24529,24530,198],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[194,24526,10335,24527,10339],{"href":16666},[52,24528,16669],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[194,24531,10335,24532,10339],{"href":16673},[52,24533,16676],{},[37,24535,24537],{"id":24536},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[14,24539,24540],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[45,24542,24544],{"className":47,"code":24543,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[52,24545,24546,24599,24603,24619],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24547,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24595,24597],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24549,12464],{"class":61},[55,24551,66],{"class":65},[55,24553,10088],{"class":69},[55,24555,74],{"class":73},[55,24557,7263],{"class":77},[55,24559,74],{"class":73},[55,24561,854],{"class":69},[55,24563,86],{"class":73},[55,24565,645],{"class":77},[55,24567,74],{"class":73},[55,24569,83],{"class":69},[55,24571,86],{"class":73},[55,24573,8896],{"class":77},[55,24575,74],{"class":73},[55,24577,854],{"class":69},[55,24579,255],{"class":130},[55,24581,83],{"class":69},[55,24583,86],{"class":73},[55,24585,14926],{"class":77},[55,24587,74],{"class":73},[55,24589,854],{"class":69},[55,24591,86],{"class":73},[55,24593,24594],{"class":77},"Math",[55,24596,74],{"class":73},[55,24598,8906],{"class":69},[55,24600,24601],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24602,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,24604,24605,24607,24609,24611,24613,24615,24617],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,24606,5551],{"class":959},[55,24608,17806],{"class":61},[55,24610,3474],{"class":959},[55,24612,12506],{"class":61},[55,24614,198],{"class":69},[55,24616,16521],{"class":123},[55,24618,21192],{"class":69},[55,24620,24621,24623,24625,24627],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,24622,985],{"class":116},[55,24624,120],{"class":69},[55,24626,14438],{"class":123},[55,24628,103],{"class":69},[14,24630,24631],{},[3332,24632,314],{},[45,24634,24636],{"className":47,"code":24635,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[52,24637,24638,24643,24648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24639,24640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24641,24642],{"class":61},"name\n",[55,24644,24645],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24646,24647],{"class":61},"age\n",[55,24649,24650],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,24651,24652],{"class":61},"course\n",[14,24654,24655],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[45,24657,24659],{"className":47,"code":24658,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[52,24660,24661,24673],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24662,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24664,5551],{"class":959},[55,24666,17806],{"class":61},[55,24668,3474],{"class":959},[55,24670,12506],{"class":61},[55,24672,979],{"class":69},[55,24674,24675,24677,24679,24681],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24676,985],{"class":116},[55,24678,120],{"class":69},[55,24680,14438],{"class":123},[55,24682,103],{"class":69},[14,24684,24685,24686,24689],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[52,24687,24688],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[37,24691,4553,24693],{"id":24692},"when-to-use-keys",[52,24694,16663],{},[14,24696,1440,24697,10199],{},[52,24698,16663],{},[21,24700,24701,24704,24707],{},[24,24702,24703],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[24,24705,24706],{},"you want to display available fields",[24,24708,24709],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[14,24711,233],{},[45,24713,24715],{"className":47,"code":24714,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[52,24716,24717,24770,24774,24789,24806],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24718,24719,24722,24724,24726,24728,24730,24732,24734,24736,24739,24741,24743,24745,24748,24750,24752,24755,24757,24759,24762,24764,24766,24768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24720,24721],{"class":61},"product ",[55,24723,66],{"class":65},[55,24725,10088],{"class":69},[55,24727,74],{"class":73},[55,24729,7263],{"class":77},[55,24731,74],{"class":73},[55,24733,854],{"class":69},[55,24735,86],{"class":73},[55,24737,24738],{"class":77},"Book",[55,24740,74],{"class":73},[55,24742,83],{"class":69},[55,24744,86],{"class":73},[55,24746,24747],{"class":77},"price",[55,24749,74],{"class":73},[55,24751,854],{"class":69},[55,24753,24754],{"class":130}," 12.99",[55,24756,83],{"class":69},[55,24758,86],{"class":73},[55,24760,24761],{"class":77},"stock",[55,24763,74],{"class":73},[55,24765,854],{"class":69},[55,24767,4196],{"class":130},[55,24769,8906],{"class":69},[55,24771,24772],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24773,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,24775,24776,24778,24780,24782,24785,24787],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,24777,117],{"class":116},[55,24779,120],{"class":69},[55,24781,74],{"class":73},[55,24783,24784],{"class":77},"Available fields:",[55,24786,74],{"class":73},[55,24788,103],{"class":69},[55,24790,24791,24793,24795,24797,24800,24802,24804],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,24792,5551],{"class":959},[55,24794,17806],{"class":61},[55,24796,3474],{"class":959},[55,24798,24799],{"class":61}," product",[55,24801,198],{"class":69},[55,24803,16521],{"class":123},[55,24805,21192],{"class":69},[55,24807,24808,24810,24812,24814],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,24809,985],{"class":116},[55,24811,120],{"class":69},[55,24813,14438],{"class":123},[55,24815,103],{"class":69},[14,24817,24818],{},[3332,24819,314],{},[45,24821,24823],{"className":47,"code":24822,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[52,24824,24825,24832,24836,24841],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24826,24827,24830],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24828,24829],{"class":61},"Available fields",[55,24831,979],{"class":69},[55,24833,24834],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24835,24642],{"class":61},[55,24837,24838],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,24839,24840],{"class":61},"price\n",[55,24842,24843],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,24844,24845],{"class":61},"stock\n",[14,24847,24848],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[45,24850,24852],{"className":47,"code":24851,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[52,24853,24854,24890,24894],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24855,24856,24858,24860,24862,24864,24866,24868,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24857,24721],{"class":61},[55,24859,66],{"class":65},[55,24861,10088],{"class":69},[55,24863,74],{"class":73},[55,24865,7263],{"class":77},[55,24867,74],{"class":73},[55,24869,854],{"class":69},[55,24871,86],{"class":73},[55,24873,24738],{"class":77},[55,24875,74],{"class":73},[55,24877,83],{"class":69},[55,24879,86],{"class":73},[55,24881,24747],{"class":77},[55,24883,74],{"class":73},[55,24885,854],{"class":69},[55,24887,24754],{"class":130},[55,24889,8906],{"class":69},[55,24891,24892],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,24893,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,24895,24896,24898,24900,24902,24904,24906,24908,24910,24912,24914],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,24897,117],{"class":116},[55,24899,120],{"class":69},[55,24901,74],{"class":73},[55,24903,7263],{"class":77},[55,24905,74],{"class":73},[55,24907,20770],{"class":959},[55,24909,24799],{"class":123},[55,24911,198],{"class":69},[55,24913,16521],{"class":123},[55,24915,6788],{"class":69},[14,24917,24918,24919,198],{},"This works and returns ",[52,24920,3194],{},[14,24922,24923],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[45,24925,24927],{"className":47,"code":24926,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[52,24928,24929],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24930,24931,24933,24935,24937,24939,24941,24943,24945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24932,117],{"class":116},[55,24934,120],{"class":69},[55,24936,74],{"class":73},[55,24938,7263],{"class":77},[55,24940,74],{"class":73},[55,24942,20770],{"class":959},[55,24944,24799],{"class":123},[55,24946,103],{"class":69},[14,24948,24949,24950,198],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[194,24951,20803],{"href":16751},[37,24953,24955],{"id":24954},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[14,24957,24958,24959,198],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[52,24960,16663],{},[1425,24962,8048,24964,24966],{"id":24963},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[52,24965,16663],{}," to return key-value pairs",[14,24968,24969,24971],{},[52,24970,16663],{}," returns only the keys.",[14,24973,233],{},[45,24975,24977],{"className":47,"code":24976,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[52,24978,24979,25015],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,24980,24981,24983,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,24982,8763],{"class":61},[55,24984,66],{"class":65},[55,24986,10088],{"class":69},[55,24988,74],{"class":73},[55,24990,7263],{"class":77},[55,24992,74],{"class":73},[55,24994,854],{"class":69},[55,24996,86],{"class":73},[55,24998,645],{"class":77},[55,25000,74],{"class":73},[55,25002,83],{"class":69},[55,25004,86],{"class":73},[55,25006,8896],{"class":77},[55,25008,74],{"class":73},[55,25010,854],{"class":69},[55,25012,255],{"class":130},[55,25014,8906],{"class":69},[55,25016,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25018,117],{"class":116},[55,25020,120],{"class":69},[55,25022,8802],{"class":123},[55,25024,198],{"class":69},[55,25026,16521],{"class":123},[55,25028,6788],{"class":69},[14,25030,25031],{},[3332,25032,314],{},[45,25034,25036],{"className":47,"code":25035,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[52,25037,25038],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25039,25040,25042,25044,25046,25048,25050,25052,25054,25056,25058],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25041,16612],{"class":123},[55,25043,2573],{"class":69},[55,25045,2889],{"class":73},[55,25047,7263],{"class":77},[55,25049,2889],{"class":73},[55,25051,83],{"class":69},[55,25053,2884],{"class":73},[55,25055,8896],{"class":77},[55,25057,2889],{"class":73},[55,25059,282],{"class":69},[14,25061,25062,25063,198],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[194,25064,25065],{"href":16673},[52,25066,16676],{},[1425,25068,25070,25071],{"id":25069},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[52,25072,16612],{},[14,25074,25075],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[45,25077,25079],{"className":47,"code":25078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['name', 'age']\n",[52,25080,25081],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25082,25083,25085,25087,25089,25091,25093,25095,25097,25099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25084,127],{"class":69},[55,25086,2889],{"class":73},[55,25088,7263],{"class":77},[55,25090,2889],{"class":73},[55,25092,83],{"class":69},[55,25094,2884],{"class":73},[55,25096,8896],{"class":77},[55,25098,2889],{"class":73},[55,25100,386],{"class":69},[14,25102,25103,25104,25106],{},"But ",[52,25105,16663],{}," returns:",[45,25108,25109],{"className":47,"code":25035,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,25110,25111],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25112,25113,25115,25117,25119,25121,25123,25125,25127,25129,25131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25114,16612],{"class":123},[55,25116,2573],{"class":69},[55,25118,2889],{"class":73},[55,25120,7263],{"class":77},[55,25122,2889],{"class":73},[55,25124,83],{"class":69},[55,25126,2884],{"class":73},[55,25128,8896],{"class":77},[55,25130,2889],{"class":73},[55,25132,282],{"class":69},[14,25134,25135],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[45,25137,25139],{"className":47,"code":25138,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[52,25140,25141,25177,25196,25200],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25142,25143,25145,25147,25149,25151,25153,25155,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25144,8763],{"class":61},[55,25146,66],{"class":65},[55,25148,10088],{"class":69},[55,25150,74],{"class":73},[55,25152,7263],{"class":77},[55,25154,74],{"class":73},[55,25156,854],{"class":69},[55,25158,86],{"class":73},[55,25160,645],{"class":77},[55,25162,74],{"class":73},[55,25164,83],{"class":69},[55,25166,86],{"class":73},[55,25168,8896],{"class":77},[55,25170,74],{"class":73},[55,25172,854],{"class":69},[55,25174,255],{"class":130},[55,25176,8906],{"class":69},[55,25178,25179,25182,25184,25186,25188,25190,25192,25194],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25180,25181],{"class":61},"key_list ",[55,25183,66],{"class":65},[55,25185,22156],{"class":850},[55,25187,120],{"class":69},[55,25189,8802],{"class":123},[55,25191,198],{"class":69},[55,25193,16521],{"class":123},[55,25195,6788],{"class":69},[55,25197,25198],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,25199,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,25201,25202,25204,25206,25209],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,25203,117],{"class":116},[55,25205,120],{"class":69},[55,25207,25208],{"class":123},"key_list",[55,25210,103],{"class":69},[1425,25212,25214,25215,25217],{"id":25213},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[52,25216,16663],{}," on a list or string",[14,25219,25220,25222],{},[52,25221,16663],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[14,25224,2423],{},[45,25226,25228],{"className":47,"code":25227,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[52,25229,25230,25250],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25231,25232,25234,25236,25238,25240,25242,25244,25246,25248],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25233,243],{"class":61},[55,25235,66],{"class":65},[55,25237,3211],{"class":69},[55,25239,152],{"class":130},[55,25241,83],{"class":69},[55,25243,976],{"class":130},[55,25245,83],{"class":69},[55,25247,2036],{"class":130},[55,25249,386],{"class":69},[55,25251,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25253,117],{"class":116},[55,25255,120],{"class":69},[55,25257,275],{"class":123},[55,25259,198],{"class":69},[55,25261,16521],{"class":123},[55,25263,6788],{"class":69},[14,25265,25266,25267,25270,25271,25273,25274,198],{},"You may get an ",[52,25268,25269],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[52,25272,16663],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[194,25275,1002,25277,25280],{"href":25276},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F",[52,25278,25279],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[1425,25282,25284],{"id":25283},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[14,25286,25287],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[45,25289,25291],{"className":47,"code":25290,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[52,25292,25293,25317],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25294,25295,25297,25299,25301,25303,25305,25307,25309,25311,25313,25315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25296,8763],{"class":61},[55,25298,66],{"class":65},[55,25300,10088],{"class":69},[55,25302,74],{"class":73},[55,25304,7263],{"class":77},[55,25306,74],{"class":73},[55,25308,854],{"class":69},[55,25310,86],{"class":73},[55,25312,645],{"class":77},[55,25314,74],{"class":73},[55,25316,8906],{"class":69},[55,25318,25319,25321,25323,25325,25327,25329],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25320,117],{"class":116},[55,25322,120],{"class":69},[55,25324,8802],{"class":123},[55,25326,198],{"class":69},[55,25328,16521],{"class":24347},[55,25330,103],{"class":69},[14,25332,25333],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[14,25335,18292],{},[45,25337,25339],{"className":47,"code":25338,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(data.keys())\n",[52,25340,25341],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25342,25343,25345,25347,25349,25351,25353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25344,117],{"class":116},[55,25346,120],{"class":69},[55,25348,8802],{"class":123},[55,25350,198],{"class":69},[55,25352,16521],{"class":123},[55,25354,6788],{"class":69},[37,25356,1298],{"id":1297},[14,25358,25359,25360,854],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[52,25361,16663],{},[21,25363,25364,25369,25375,25381],{},[24,25365,8012,25366,25368],{},[52,25367,16663],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[24,25370,25371,25372,25374],{},"Thinking ",[52,25373,16663],{}," returns values too",[24,25376,25377,25378,25380],{},"Trying to index ",[52,25379,16612],{}," like a normal list",[24,25382,25383,25384,25386],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[52,25385,16612],{}," to a list when needed",[14,25388,25389],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[45,25391,25393],{"className":47,"code":25392,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[52,25394,25395,25427,25441,25445,25455],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25396,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411,25413,25415,25417,25419,25421,25423,25425],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25398,8763],{"class":61},[55,25400,66],{"class":65},[55,25402,10088],{"class":69},[55,25404,74],{"class":73},[55,25406,194],{"class":77},[55,25408,74],{"class":73},[55,25410,854],{"class":69},[55,25412,5090],{"class":130},[55,25414,83],{"class":69},[55,25416,86],{"class":73},[55,25418,786],{"class":77},[55,25420,74],{"class":73},[55,25422,854],{"class":69},[55,25424,976],{"class":130},[55,25426,8906],{"class":69},[55,25428,25429,25431,25433,25435,25437,25439],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25430,16840],{"class":61},[55,25432,66],{"class":65},[55,25434,14163],{"class":61},[55,25436,198],{"class":69},[55,25438,16521],{"class":123},[55,25440,8239],{"class":69},[55,25442,25443],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,25444,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,25446,25447,25449,25451,25453],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,25448,117],{"class":116},[55,25450,120],{"class":69},[55,25452,16521],{"class":123},[55,25454,103],{"class":69},[55,25456,25457],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,25458,25459],{"class":137},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[14,25461,25462],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[45,25464,25466],{"className":47,"code":25465,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[52,25467,25468,25500,25518,25522],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25469,25470,25472,25474,25476,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25471,8763],{"class":61},[55,25473,66],{"class":65},[55,25475,10088],{"class":69},[55,25477,74],{"class":73},[55,25479,194],{"class":77},[55,25481,74],{"class":73},[55,25483,854],{"class":69},[55,25485,5090],{"class":130},[55,25487,83],{"class":69},[55,25489,86],{"class":73},[55,25491,786],{"class":77},[55,25493,74],{"class":73},[55,25495,854],{"class":69},[55,25497,976],{"class":130},[55,25499,8906],{"class":69},[55,25501,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510,25512,25514,25516],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25503,16840],{"class":61},[55,25505,66],{"class":65},[55,25507,22156],{"class":850},[55,25509,120],{"class":69},[55,25511,8802],{"class":123},[55,25513,198],{"class":69},[55,25515,16521],{"class":123},[55,25517,6788],{"class":69},[55,25519,25520],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,25521,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,25523,25524,25526,25528,25530,25532,25534],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,25525,117],{"class":116},[55,25527,120],{"class":69},[55,25529,16521],{"class":123},[55,25531,127],{"class":69},[55,25533,131],{"class":130},[55,25535,282],{"class":69},[37,25537,25539],{"id":25538},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[14,25541,10711],{},[45,25543,25545],{"className":47,"code":25544,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[52,25546,25547,25561,25571,25585],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25548,25549,25551,25553,25555,25557,25559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25550,117],{"class":116},[55,25552,120],{"class":69},[55,25554,1396],{"class":850},[55,25556,120],{"class":69},[55,25558,11048],{"class":123},[55,25560,1357],{"class":69},[55,25562,25563,25565,25567,25569],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25564,117],{"class":116},[55,25566,120],{"class":69},[55,25568,11048],{"class":123},[55,25570,103],{"class":69},[55,25572,25573,25575,25577,25579,25581,25583],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,25574,117],{"class":116},[55,25576,120],{"class":69},[55,25578,11048],{"class":123},[55,25580,198],{"class":69},[55,25582,16521],{"class":123},[55,25584,6788],{"class":69},[55,25586,25587,25589,25591,25593,25595,25597,25599,25601],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,25588,117],{"class":116},[55,25590,120],{"class":69},[55,25592,7688],{"class":850},[55,25594,120],{"class":69},[55,25596,11048],{"class":123},[55,25598,198],{"class":69},[55,25600,16521],{"class":123},[55,25602,5884],{"class":69},[14,25604,25605],{},"These help you confirm:",[21,25607,25608,25611,25614,25619],{},[24,25609,25610],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[24,25612,25613],{},"what data it contains",[24,25615,25616,25617,11304],{},"what ",[52,25618,16663],{},[24,25620,25621],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[37,25623,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,25625,23515,25627,4736],{"id":25626},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[52,25628,16663],{},[14,25630,17020,25631,25633],{},[52,25632,16612],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[1425,25635,14500,25637,25640],{"id":25636},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[52,25638,25639],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[14,25642,25643,25644,25646,25647,198],{},"No. It returns a ",[52,25645,16612],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[52,25648,25649],{},"list(dict.keys())",[1425,25651,25653,25654,2078],{"id":25652},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[52,25655,25639],{},[14,25657,25658,25659,25661],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[52,25660,5551],{}," loop.",[1425,25663,25665,25666,25668],{"id":25664},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[52,25667,16663],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[14,25670,25671,25672,25674],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[52,25673,16663],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[1425,25676,25678],{"id":25677},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[14,25680,1440,25681,198],{},[52,25682,25683],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[37,25685,1495],{"id":1494},[21,25687,25688,25693,25699,25705,25711,25715],{},[24,25689,25690],{},[194,25691,25692],{"href":8988},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[24,25694,25695],{},[194,25696,10335,25697,10339],{"href":16666},[52,25698,16669],{},[24,25700,25701],{},[194,25702,10335,25703,10339],{"href":16673},[52,25704,16676],{},[24,25706,25707],{},[194,25708,25710],{"href":25709},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[24,25712,25713],{},[194,25714,16752],{"href":16751},[24,25716,25717],{},[194,25718,1516,25719,25280],{"href":25276},[52,25720,25279],{},[1524,25722,25723],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":25725},[25726,25727,25729,25730,25731,25732,25733,25735,25744,25745,25746,25757],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":23846,"depth":106,"text":25728},"What keys() does",{"id":5379,"depth":106,"text":5380},{"id":5022,"depth":106,"text":5023},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":24536,"depth":106,"text":24537},{"id":24692,"depth":106,"text":25734},"When to use keys()",{"id":24954,"depth":106,"text":24955,"children":25736},[25737,25739,25741,25743],{"id":24963,"depth":113,"text":25738},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25069,"depth":113,"text":25740},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25213,"depth":113,"text":25742},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25283,"depth":113,"text":25284},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":25538,"depth":106,"text":25539},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":25747},[25748,25750,25752,25754,25756],{"id":25626,"depth":113,"text":25749},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25636,"depth":113,"text":25751},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25652,"depth":113,"text":25753},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25664,"depth":113,"text":25755},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25677,"depth":113,"text":25678},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23668,"description":25758},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25764,"title":25765,"body":25766,"description":28039,"extension":1546,"meta":28040,"navigation":109,"path":28041,"seo":28042,"stem":28043,"__hash__":28044},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25767,"toc":27992},[25768,25773,25778,25781,25783,25929,25942,25947,25951,25965,25967,26070,26079,26081,26084,26122,26147,26149,26256,26258,26265,26268,26276,26278,26419,26427,26432,26436,26447,26449,26611,26614,26622,26629,26635,26732,26738,26815,26818,26830,26835,26841,26844,26848,26937,26940,26944,27048,27055,27142,27151,27153,27158,27164,27167,27213,27216,27282,27291,27297,27390,27396,27402,27445,27448,27513,27519,27611,27614,27618,27624,27649,27652,27748,27755,27757,27762,27853,27855,27883,27888,27890,27897,27900,27904,27914,27919,27922,27929,27939,27946,27954,27956,27989],[10,25769,10916,25771,10920],{"id":25770},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[52,25772,12363],{},[14,25774,25775,25777],{},[52,25776,12169],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[14,25779,25780],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[37,25782,40],{"id":39},[45,25784,25786],{"className":47,"code":25785,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[52,25787,25788,25824,25848,25862,25875,25879,25884,25916],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25789,25790,25792,25794,25796,25798,25800,25802,25804,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25791,12802],{"class":61},[55,25793,66],{"class":65},[55,25795,10088],{"class":69},[55,25797,74],{"class":73},[55,25799,7263],{"class":77},[55,25801,74],{"class":73},[55,25803,854],{"class":69},[55,25805,86],{"class":73},[55,25807,645],{"class":77},[55,25809,74],{"class":73},[55,25811,83],{"class":69},[55,25813,86],{"class":73},[55,25815,8896],{"class":77},[55,25817,74],{"class":73},[55,25819,854],{"class":69},[55,25821,8903],{"class":130},[55,25823,8906],{"class":69},[55,25825,25826,25829,25831,25833,25835,25838,25840,25842,25844,25846],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,25827,25828],{"class":61},"removed_age ",[55,25830,66],{"class":65},[55,25832,12845],{"class":61},[55,25834,198],{"class":69},[55,25836,25837],{"class":123},"pop",[55,25839,120],{"class":69},[55,25841,74],{"class":73},[55,25843,8896],{"class":77},[55,25845,74],{"class":73},[55,25847,103],{"class":69},[55,25849,25850,25852,25854,25857,25859],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,25851,117],{"class":116},[55,25853,120],{"class":69},[55,25855,25856],{"class":123},"removed_age",[55,25858,970],{"class":69},[55,25860,25861],{"class":137},"   # 25\n",[55,25863,25864,25866,25868,25870,25872],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,25865,117],{"class":116},[55,25867,120],{"class":69},[55,25869,16905],{"class":123},[55,25871,970],{"class":69},[55,25873,25874],{"class":137},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[55,25876,25877],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,25878,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,25880,25881],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,25882,25883],{"class":137},"# Safe version with default value\n",[55,25885,25886,25889,25891,25893,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25912,25914],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,25887,25888],{"class":61},"country ",[55,25890,66],{"class":65},[55,25892,12845],{"class":61},[55,25894,198],{"class":69},[55,25896,25837],{"class":123},[55,25898,120],{"class":69},[55,25900,74],{"class":73},[55,25902,14859],{"class":77},[55,25904,74],{"class":73},[55,25906,83],{"class":69},[55,25908,86],{"class":73},[55,25910,25911],{"class":77},"Not found",[55,25913,74],{"class":73},[55,25915,103],{"class":69},[55,25917,25918,25920,25922,25924,25926],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,25919,117],{"class":116},[55,25921,120],{"class":69},[55,25923,14859],{"class":123},[55,25925,970],{"class":69},[55,25927,25928],{"class":137},"       # Not found\n",[14,25930,1440,25931,25934,25935,25938,25939,25941],{},[52,25932,25933],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[52,25936,25937],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[52,25940,19284],{}," when the key might not exist.",[37,25943,3265,25945,3268],{"id":25944},"what-dictpop-does",[52,25946,12169],{},[14,25948,25949,854],{},[52,25950,12169],{},[21,25952,25953,25956,25959,25962],{},[24,25954,25955],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[24,25957,25958],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[24,25960,25961],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[24,25963,25964],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[14,25966,233],{},[45,25968,25970],{"className":47,"code":25969,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[52,25971,25972,26012,26016,26039,26043,26057],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,25973,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,25975,11086],{"class":61},[55,25977,66],{"class":65},[55,25979,10088],{"class":69},[55,25981,74],{"class":73},[55,25983,7263],{"class":77},[55,25985,74],{"class":73},[55,25987,854],{"class":69},[55,25989,86],{"class":73},[55,25991,12819],{"class":77},[55,25993,74],{"class":73},[55,25995,83],{"class":69},[55,25997,86],{"class":73},[55,25999,10006],{"class":77},[55,26001,74],{"class":73},[55,26003,854],{"class":69},[55,26005,86],{"class":73},[55,26007,10013],{"class":77},[55,26009,74],{"class":73},[55,26011,8906],{"class":69},[55,26013,26014],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26015,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26017,26018,26021,26023,26025,26027,26029,26031,26033,26035,26037],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26019,26020],{"class":61},"removed_city ",[55,26022,66],{"class":65},[55,26024,11169],{"class":61},[55,26026,198],{"class":69},[55,26028,25837],{"class":123},[55,26030,120],{"class":69},[55,26032,74],{"class":73},[55,26034,10006],{"class":77},[55,26036,74],{"class":73},[55,26038,103],{"class":69},[55,26040,26041],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26042,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26044,26045,26047,26049,26052,26054],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,26046,117],{"class":116},[55,26048,120],{"class":69},[55,26050,26051],{"class":123},"removed_city",[55,26053,970],{"class":69},[55,26055,26056],{"class":137},"  # Paris\n",[55,26058,26059,26061,26063,26065,26067],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,26060,117],{"class":116},[55,26062,120],{"class":69},[55,26064,11180],{"class":123},[55,26066,970],{"class":69},[55,26068,26069],{"class":137},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[14,26071,20367,26072,26075,26076,198],{},[52,26073,26074],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[52,26077,26078],{},"\"Paris\"",[37,26080,1740],{"id":1739},[14,26082,26083],{},"There are two common forms:",[45,26085,26087],{"className":47,"code":26086,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[52,26088,26089,26103],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26090,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099,26101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26092,11048],{"class":61},[55,26094,198],{"class":69},[55,26096,25837],{"class":123},[55,26098,120],{"class":69},[55,26100,14438],{"class":123},[55,26102,103],{"class":69},[55,26104,26105,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117,26120],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26106,11048],{"class":61},[55,26108,198],{"class":69},[55,26110,25837],{"class":123},[55,26112,120],{"class":69},[55,26114,14438],{"class":123},[55,26116,83],{"class":69},[55,26118,26119],{"class":123}," default",[55,26121,103],{"class":69},[21,26123,26124,26130,26138,26144],{},[24,26125,26126,26129],{},[52,26127,26128],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[24,26131,26132,26134,26135,26137],{},[52,26133,26128],{}," raises ",[52,26136,19284],{}," if the key is missing",[24,26139,26140,26143],{},[52,26141,26142],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[24,26145,26146],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[14,26148,233],{},[45,26150,26152],{"className":47,"code":26151,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[52,26153,26154,26186,26190,26215,26243],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26155,26156,26158,26160,26162,26164,26166,26168,26170,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26157,4654],{"class":61},[55,26159,66],{"class":65},[55,26161,10088],{"class":69},[55,26163,74],{"class":73},[55,26165,18014],{"class":77},[55,26167,74],{"class":73},[55,26169,854],{"class":69},[55,26171,19495],{"class":130},[55,26173,83],{"class":69},[55,26175,86],{"class":73},[55,26177,18023],{"class":77},[55,26179,74],{"class":73},[55,26181,854],{"class":69},[55,26183,13103],{"class":130},[55,26185,8906],{"class":69},[55,26187,26188],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26189,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26191,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200,26202,26204,26206,26208,26210,26212],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26193,117],{"class":116},[55,26195,120],{"class":69},[55,26197,15986],{"class":123},[55,26199,198],{"class":69},[55,26201,25837],{"class":123},[55,26203,120],{"class":69},[55,26205,74],{"class":73},[55,26207,18014],{"class":77},[55,26209,74],{"class":73},[55,26211,947],{"class":69},[55,26213,26214],{"class":137},"         # 90\n",[55,26216,26217,26219,26221,26223,26225,26227,26229,26231,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26218,117],{"class":116},[55,26220,120],{"class":69},[55,26222,15986],{"class":123},[55,26224,198],{"class":69},[55,26226,25837],{"class":123},[55,26228,120],{"class":69},[55,26230,74],{"class":73},[55,26232,18032],{"class":77},[55,26234,74],{"class":73},[55,26236,83],{"class":69},[55,26238,3424],{"class":130},[55,26240,947],{"class":69},[55,26242,20364],{"class":137},[55,26244,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,26246,117],{"class":116},[55,26248,120],{"class":69},[55,26250,15986],{"class":123},[55,26252,970],{"class":69},[55,26254,26255],{"class":137},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[37,26257,17017],{"id":17016},[14,26259,26260,13650,26262,26264],{},[52,26261,12363],{},[3332,26263,4222],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[14,26266,26267],{},"Instead, it returns:",[21,26269,26270,26273],{},[24,26271,26272],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[24,26274,26275],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[14,26277,233],{},[45,26279,26281],{"className":47,"code":26280,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[52,26282,26283,26315,26319,26342,26374,26378,26392,26406],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26284,26285,26287,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26286,8763],{"class":61},[55,26288,66],{"class":65},[55,26290,10088],{"class":69},[55,26292,74],{"class":73},[55,26294,194],{"class":77},[55,26296,74],{"class":73},[55,26298,854],{"class":69},[55,26300,5598],{"class":130},[55,26302,83],{"class":69},[55,26304,86],{"class":73},[55,26306,786],{"class":77},[55,26308,74],{"class":73},[55,26310,854],{"class":69},[55,26312,255],{"class":130},[55,26314,8906],{"class":69},[55,26316,26317],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26318,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26320,26321,26324,26326,26328,26330,26332,26334,26336,26338,26340],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26322,26323],{"class":61},"result1 ",[55,26325,66],{"class":65},[55,26327,14163],{"class":61},[55,26329,198],{"class":69},[55,26331,25837],{"class":123},[55,26333,120],{"class":69},[55,26335,74],{"class":73},[55,26337,194],{"class":77},[55,26339,74],{"class":73},[55,26341,103],{"class":69},[55,26343,26344,26347,26349,26351,26353,26355,26357,26359,26361,26363,26365,26367,26370,26372],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26345,26346],{"class":61},"result2 ",[55,26348,66],{"class":65},[55,26350,14163],{"class":61},[55,26352,198],{"class":69},[55,26354,25837],{"class":123},[55,26356,120],{"class":69},[55,26358,74],{"class":73},[55,26360,795],{"class":77},[55,26362,74],{"class":73},[55,26364,83],{"class":69},[55,26366,86],{"class":73},[55,26368,26369],{"class":77},"missing",[55,26371,74],{"class":73},[55,26373,103],{"class":69},[55,26375,26376],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,26377,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26379,26380,26382,26384,26387,26389],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,26381,117],{"class":116},[55,26383,120],{"class":69},[55,26385,26386],{"class":123},"result1",[55,26388,970],{"class":69},[55,26390,26391],{"class":137},"  # 10\n",[55,26393,26394,26396,26398,26401,26403],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,26395,117],{"class":116},[55,26397,120],{"class":69},[55,26399,26400],{"class":123},"result2",[55,26402,970],{"class":69},[55,26404,26405],{"class":137},"  # missing\n",[55,26407,26408,26410,26412,26414,26416],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,26409,117],{"class":116},[55,26411,120],{"class":69},[55,26413,8802],{"class":123},[55,26415,970],{"class":69},[55,26417,26418],{"class":137},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[14,26420,26421,26422,6226],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[194,26423,26424],{"href":10334},[52,26425,26426],{},"dict.get()",[37,26428,4553,26430],{"id":26429},"when-to-use-pop",[52,26431,12363],{},[14,26433,1440,26434,10199],{},[52,26435,12363],{},[21,26437,26438,26441,26444],{},[24,26439,26440],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[24,26442,26443],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[24,26445,26446],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[14,26448,233],{},[45,26450,26452],{"className":47,"code":26451,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[52,26453,26454,26506,26510,26537,26541,26565,26569,26583,26597],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26455,26456,26458,26460,26462,26464,26466,26468,26470,26472,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26490,26492,26494,26497,26499,26501,26504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26457,24721],{"class":61},[55,26459,66],{"class":65},[55,26461,10088],{"class":69},[55,26463,74],{"class":73},[55,26465,7263],{"class":77},[55,26467,74],{"class":73},[55,26469,854],{"class":69},[55,26471,86],{"class":73},[55,26473,26474],{"class":77},"Laptop",[55,26476,74],{"class":73},[55,26478,83],{"class":69},[55,26480,86],{"class":73},[55,26482,24747],{"class":77},[55,26484,74],{"class":73},[55,26486,854],{"class":69},[55,26488,26489],{"class":130}," 1200",[55,26491,83],{"class":69},[55,26493,86],{"class":73},[55,26495,26496],{"class":77},"discount",[55,26498,74],{"class":73},[55,26500,854],{"class":69},[55,26502,26503],{"class":130}," 200",[55,26505,8906],{"class":69},[55,26507,26508],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26509,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26511,26512,26515,26517,26519,26521,26523,26525,26527,26529,26531,26533,26535],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26513,26514],{"class":61},"discount_amount ",[55,26516,66],{"class":65},[55,26518,24799],{"class":61},[55,26520,198],{"class":69},[55,26522,25837],{"class":123},[55,26524,120],{"class":69},[55,26526,74],{"class":73},[55,26528,26496],{"class":77},[55,26530,74],{"class":73},[55,26532,83],{"class":69},[55,26534,3424],{"class":130},[55,26536,103],{"class":69},[55,26538,26539],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26540,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26542,26543,26546,26548,26550,26552,26554,26556,26558,26560,26562],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,26544,26545],{"class":61},"final_price ",[55,26547,66],{"class":65},[55,26549,24799],{"class":61},[55,26551,127],{"class":69},[55,26553,74],{"class":73},[55,26555,24747],{"class":77},[55,26557,74],{"class":73},[55,26559,1277],{"class":69},[55,26561,1806],{"class":65},[55,26563,26564],{"class":61}," discount_amount\n",[55,26566,26567],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,26568,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26570,26571,26573,26575,26578,26580],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,26572,117],{"class":116},[55,26574,120],{"class":69},[55,26576,26577],{"class":123},"discount_amount",[55,26579,970],{"class":69},[55,26581,26582],{"class":137},"  # 200\n",[55,26584,26585,26587,26589,26592,26594],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,26586,117],{"class":116},[55,26588,120],{"class":69},[55,26590,26591],{"class":123},"final_price",[55,26593,970],{"class":69},[55,26595,26596],{"class":137},"      # 1000\n",[55,26598,26599,26601,26603,26606,26608],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,26600,117],{"class":116},[55,26602,120],{"class":69},[55,26604,26605],{"class":123},"product",[55,26607,970],{"class":69},[55,26609,26610],{"class":137},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[14,26612,26613],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[37,26615,26617,10183,26619],{"id":26616},"pop-vs-del",[52,26618,12363],{},[52,26620,26621],{},"del",[14,26623,10188,26624,3983,26626,26628],{},[52,26625,12363],{},[52,26627,26621],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[1425,26630,1440,26632,26634],{"id":26631},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[52,26633,12363],{}," when you need the removed value",[45,26636,26638],{"className":47,"code":26637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,26639,26640,26676,26680,26702,26706,26719],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26641,26642,26644,26646,26648,26650,26652,26654,26656,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26643,12802],{"class":61},[55,26645,66],{"class":65},[55,26647,10088],{"class":69},[55,26649,74],{"class":73},[55,26651,7263],{"class":77},[55,26653,74],{"class":73},[55,26655,854],{"class":69},[55,26657,86],{"class":73},[55,26659,645],{"class":77},[55,26661,74],{"class":73},[55,26663,83],{"class":69},[55,26665,86],{"class":73},[55,26667,8896],{"class":77},[55,26669,74],{"class":73},[55,26671,854],{"class":69},[55,26673,8903],{"class":130},[55,26675,8906],{"class":69},[55,26677,26678],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26679,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26681,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690,26692,26694,26696,26698,26700],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26683,21225],{"class":61},[55,26685,66],{"class":65},[55,26687,12845],{"class":61},[55,26689,198],{"class":69},[55,26691,25837],{"class":123},[55,26693,120],{"class":69},[55,26695,74],{"class":73},[55,26697,8896],{"class":77},[55,26699,74],{"class":73},[55,26701,103],{"class":69},[55,26703,26704],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26705,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26707,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,26709,117],{"class":116},[55,26711,120],{"class":69},[55,26713,8896],{"class":123},[55,26715,970],{"class":69},[55,26717,26718],{"class":137},"     # 25\n",[55,26720,26721,26723,26725,26727,26729],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,26722,117],{"class":116},[55,26724,120],{"class":69},[55,26726,16905],{"class":123},[55,26728,970],{"class":69},[55,26730,26731],{"class":137},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[1425,26733,1440,26735,26737],{"id":26734},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[52,26736,26621],{}," when you only want deletion",[45,26739,26741],{"className":47,"code":26740,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,26742,26743,26779,26783,26799,26803],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26744,26745,26747,26749,26751,26753,26755,26757,26759,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26746,12802],{"class":61},[55,26748,66],{"class":65},[55,26750,10088],{"class":69},[55,26752,74],{"class":73},[55,26754,7263],{"class":77},[55,26756,74],{"class":73},[55,26758,854],{"class":69},[55,26760,86],{"class":73},[55,26762,645],{"class":77},[55,26764,74],{"class":73},[55,26766,83],{"class":69},[55,26768,86],{"class":73},[55,26770,8896],{"class":77},[55,26772,74],{"class":73},[55,26774,854],{"class":69},[55,26776,8903],{"class":130},[55,26778,8906],{"class":69},[55,26780,26781],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26782,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26784,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793,26795,26797],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26786,26621],{"class":959},[55,26788,12845],{"class":61},[55,26790,127],{"class":69},[55,26792,74],{"class":73},[55,26794,8896],{"class":77},[55,26796,74],{"class":73},[55,26798,386],{"class":69},[55,26800,26801],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26802,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26804,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,26806,117],{"class":116},[55,26808,120],{"class":69},[55,26810,16905],{"class":123},[55,26812,970],{"class":69},[55,26814,26731],{"class":137},[14,26816,26817],{},"Difference:",[21,26819,26820,26825],{},[24,26821,26822,26824],{},[52,26823,12363],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[24,26826,26827,26829],{},[52,26828,26621],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[14,26831,26832,26833,198],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[194,26834,12174],{"href":12173},[37,26836,26838,26839],{"id":26837},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[52,26840,19284],{},[14,26842,26843],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[1425,26845,26847],{"id":26846},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[45,26849,26851],{"className":47,"code":26850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[52,26852,26853,26878,26882,26908,26912,26924],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26854,26855,26857,26859,26861,26863,26865,26867,26869,26871,26874,26876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26856,11323],{"class":61},[55,26858,66],{"class":65},[55,26860,10088],{"class":69},[55,26862,74],{"class":73},[55,26864,7263],{"class":77},[55,26866,74],{"class":73},[55,26868,854],{"class":69},[55,26870,86],{"class":73},[55,26872,26873],{"class":77},"Sara",[55,26875,74],{"class":73},[55,26877,8906],{"class":69},[55,26879,26880],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26881,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26883,26884,26886,26888,26890,26892,26894,26896,26898,26900,26902,26904,26906],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26885,2031],{"class":61},[55,26887,66],{"class":65},[55,26889,11365],{"class":61},[55,26891,198],{"class":69},[55,26893,25837],{"class":123},[55,26895,120],{"class":69},[55,26897,74],{"class":73},[55,26899,8896],{"class":77},[55,26901,74],{"class":73},[55,26903,83],{"class":69},[55,26905,3444],{"class":3443},[55,26907,103],{"class":69},[55,26909,26910],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26911,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26913,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,26915,117],{"class":116},[55,26917,120],{"class":69},[55,26919,2058],{"class":123},[55,26921,970],{"class":69},[55,26923,20157],{"class":137},[55,26925,26926,26928,26930,26932,26934],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,26927,117],{"class":116},[55,26929,120],{"class":69},[55,26931,11048],{"class":123},[55,26933,970],{"class":69},[55,26935,26936],{"class":137}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[14,26938,26939],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[1425,26941,26943],{"id":26942},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[45,26945,26947],{"className":47,"code":26946,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[52,26948,26949,26973,26977,26993,27016,27026,27033],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,26950,26951,26953,26955,26957,26959,26961,26963,26965,26967,26969,26971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,26952,11323],{"class":61},[55,26954,66],{"class":65},[55,26956,10088],{"class":69},[55,26958,74],{"class":73},[55,26960,7263],{"class":77},[55,26962,74],{"class":73},[55,26964,854],{"class":69},[55,26966,86],{"class":73},[55,26968,26873],{"class":77},[55,26970,74],{"class":73},[55,26972,8906],{"class":69},[55,26974,26975],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,26976,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,26978,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987,26989,26991],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,26980,960],{"class":959},[55,26982,86],{"class":73},[55,26984,8896],{"class":77},[55,26986,74],{"class":73},[55,26988,20770],{"class":65},[55,26990,11365],{"class":61},[55,26992,979],{"class":69},[55,26994,26995,26998,27000,27002,27004,27006,27008,27010,27012,27014],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,26996,26997],{"class":61},"    value ",[55,26999,66],{"class":65},[55,27001,11365],{"class":61},[55,27003,198],{"class":69},[55,27005,25837],{"class":123},[55,27007,120],{"class":69},[55,27009,74],{"class":73},[55,27011,8896],{"class":77},[55,27013,74],{"class":73},[55,27015,103],{"class":69},[55,27017,27018,27020,27022,27024],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,27019,985],{"class":116},[55,27021,120],{"class":69},[55,27023,2058],{"class":123},[55,27025,103],{"class":69},[55,27027,27028,27031],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,27029,27030],{"class":959},"else",[55,27032,979],{"class":69},[55,27034,27035,27037,27039,27041,27044,27046],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,27036,985],{"class":116},[55,27038,120],{"class":69},[55,27040,74],{"class":73},[55,27042,27043],{"class":77},"Key not found",[55,27045,74],{"class":73},[55,27047,103],{"class":69},[1425,27049,27051,27052,27054],{"id":27050},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[52,27053,10338],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[45,27056,27058],{"className":47,"code":27057,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[52,27059,27060,27084,27088,27114,27118,27130],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27061,27062,27064,27066,27068,27070,27072,27074,27076,27078,27080,27082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27063,11323],{"class":61},[55,27065,66],{"class":65},[55,27067,10088],{"class":69},[55,27069,74],{"class":73},[55,27071,7263],{"class":77},[55,27073,74],{"class":73},[55,27075,854],{"class":69},[55,27077,86],{"class":73},[55,27079,26873],{"class":77},[55,27081,74],{"class":73},[55,27083,8906],{"class":69},[55,27085,27086],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27087,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27089,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098,27100,27102,27104,27106,27108,27110,27112],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,27091,2031],{"class":61},[55,27093,66],{"class":65},[55,27095,11365],{"class":61},[55,27097,198],{"class":69},[55,27099,19347],{"class":123},[55,27101,120],{"class":69},[55,27103,74],{"class":73},[55,27105,8896],{"class":77},[55,27107,74],{"class":73},[55,27109,83],{"class":69},[55,27111,3444],{"class":3443},[55,27113,103],{"class":69},[55,27115,27116],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,27117,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27119,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,27121,117],{"class":116},[55,27123,120],{"class":69},[55,27125,2058],{"class":123},[55,27127,970],{"class":69},[55,27129,20157],{"class":137},[55,27131,27132,27134,27136,27138,27140],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,27133,117],{"class":116},[55,27135,120],{"class":69},[55,27137,11048],{"class":123},[55,27139,970],{"class":69},[55,27141,26936],{"class":137},[14,27143,1440,27144,27148,27149,198],{},[194,27145,27146],{"href":10334},[52,27147,26426],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[194,27150,10860],{"href":10673},[37,27152,4109],{"id":4108},[14,27154,27155,27156,198],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[52,27157,12169],{},[1425,27159,25371,27161,27163],{"id":27160},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[52,27162,12363],{}," removes by position like a list",[14,27165,27166],{},"Lists use indexes:",[45,27168,27170],{"className":47,"code":27169,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[52,27171,27172,27192],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27173,27174,27176,27178,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27175,243],{"class":61},[55,27177,66],{"class":65},[55,27179,3211],{"class":69},[55,27181,250],{"class":130},[55,27183,83],{"class":69},[55,27185,255],{"class":130},[55,27187,83],{"class":69},[55,27189,260],{"class":130},[55,27191,386],{"class":69},[55,27193,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206,27208,27210],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27195,117],{"class":116},[55,27197,120],{"class":69},[55,27199,275],{"class":123},[55,27201,198],{"class":69},[55,27203,25837],{"class":123},[55,27205,120],{"class":69},[55,27207,152],{"class":130},[55,27209,947],{"class":69},[55,27211,27212],{"class":137},"  # 20\n",[14,27214,27215],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[45,27217,27219],{"className":47,"code":27218,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[52,27220,27221,27257],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27222,27223,27225,27227,27229,27231,27233,27235,27237,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27224,12802],{"class":61},[55,27226,66],{"class":65},[55,27228,10088],{"class":69},[55,27230,74],{"class":73},[55,27232,7263],{"class":77},[55,27234,74],{"class":73},[55,27236,854],{"class":69},[55,27238,86],{"class":73},[55,27240,645],{"class":77},[55,27242,74],{"class":73},[55,27244,83],{"class":69},[55,27246,86],{"class":73},[55,27248,8896],{"class":77},[55,27250,74],{"class":73},[55,27252,854],{"class":69},[55,27254,8903],{"class":130},[55,27256,8906],{"class":69},[55,27258,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275,27277,27279],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27260,117],{"class":116},[55,27262,120],{"class":69},[55,27264,16905],{"class":123},[55,27266,198],{"class":69},[55,27268,25837],{"class":123},[55,27270,120],{"class":69},[55,27272,74],{"class":73},[55,27274,8896],{"class":77},[55,27276,74],{"class":73},[55,27278,947],{"class":69},[55,27280,27281],{"class":137},"  # 25\n",[14,27283,27284,27285,27287,27288,27290],{},"A dictionary does ",[3332,27286,4222],{}," use positions with ",[52,27289,12363],{},". It uses keys.",[1425,27292,4296,27294,27296],{"id":27293},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[52,27295,12363],{}," changes the original dictionary",[45,27298,27300],{"className":47,"code":27299,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[52,27301,27302,27334,27338,27360,27364,27377],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27303,27304,27306,27308,27310,27312,27314,27316,27318,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27305,8763],{"class":61},[55,27307,66],{"class":65},[55,27309,10088],{"class":69},[55,27311,74],{"class":73},[55,27313,1757],{"class":77},[55,27315,74],{"class":73},[55,27317,854],{"class":69},[55,27319,5090],{"class":130},[55,27321,83],{"class":69},[55,27323,86],{"class":73},[55,27325,11344],{"class":77},[55,27327,74],{"class":73},[55,27329,854],{"class":69},[55,27331,976],{"class":130},[55,27333,8906],{"class":69},[55,27335,27336],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27337,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27339,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348,27350,27352,27354,27356,27358],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,27341,2031],{"class":61},[55,27343,66],{"class":65},[55,27345,14163],{"class":61},[55,27347,198],{"class":69},[55,27349,25837],{"class":123},[55,27351,120],{"class":69},[55,27353,74],{"class":73},[55,27355,1757],{"class":77},[55,27357,74],{"class":73},[55,27359,103],{"class":69},[55,27361,27362],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,27363,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27365,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,27367,117],{"class":116},[55,27369,120],{"class":69},[55,27371,2058],{"class":123},[55,27373,970],{"class":69},[55,27375,27376],{"class":137},"  # 1\n",[55,27378,27379,27381,27383,27385,27387],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,27380,117],{"class":116},[55,27382,120],{"class":69},[55,27384,8802],{"class":123},[55,27386,970],{"class":69},[55,27388,27389],{"class":137},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[14,27391,27392,27393,27395],{},"After ",[52,27394,12363],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[1425,27397,8012,27399,27401],{"id":27398},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[52,27400,12363],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[45,27403,27405],{"className":47,"code":27404,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[52,27406,27407,27431,27435,27440],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27408,27409,27411,27413,27415,27417,27419,27421,27423,27425,27427,27429],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27410,8763],{"class":61},[55,27412,66],{"class":65},[55,27414,10088],{"class":69},[55,27416,74],{"class":73},[55,27418,7263],{"class":77},[55,27420,74],{"class":73},[55,27422,854],{"class":69},[55,27424,86],{"class":73},[55,27426,7516],{"class":77},[55,27428,74],{"class":73},[55,27430,8906],{"class":69},[55,27432,27433],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27434,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27436,27437],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,27438,27439],{"class":137},"# This causes an error\n",[55,27441,27442],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,27443,27444],{"class":137},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[14,27446,27447],{},"Safer version:",[45,27449,27451],{"className":47,"code":27450,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[52,27452,27453,27477,27481],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27454,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469,27471,27473,27475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27456,8763],{"class":61},[55,27458,66],{"class":65},[55,27460,10088],{"class":69},[55,27462,74],{"class":73},[55,27464,7263],{"class":77},[55,27466,74],{"class":73},[55,27468,854],{"class":69},[55,27470,86],{"class":73},[55,27472,7516],{"class":77},[55,27474,74],{"class":73},[55,27476,8906],{"class":69},[55,27478,27479],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27480,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27482,27483,27485,27487,27489,27491,27493,27495,27497,27499,27501,27503,27505,27507,27509,27511],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,27484,117],{"class":116},[55,27486,120],{"class":69},[55,27488,8802],{"class":123},[55,27490,198],{"class":69},[55,27492,25837],{"class":123},[55,27494,120],{"class":69},[55,27496,74],{"class":73},[55,27498,8896],{"class":77},[55,27500,74],{"class":73},[55,27502,83],{"class":69},[55,27504,86],{"class":73},[55,27506,26369],{"class":77},[55,27508,74],{"class":73},[55,27510,947],{"class":69},[55,27512,26405],{"class":137},[1425,27514,8048,27516,27518],{"id":27515},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[52,27517,12363],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[45,27520,27522],{"className":47,"code":27521,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[52,27523,27524,27556,27560,27582,27586,27598],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27525,27526,27528,27530,27532,27534,27536,27538,27540,27542,27544,27546,27548,27550,27552,27554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27527,8763],{"class":61},[55,27529,66],{"class":65},[55,27531,10088],{"class":69},[55,27533,74],{"class":73},[55,27535,194],{"class":77},[55,27537,74],{"class":73},[55,27539,854],{"class":69},[55,27541,5090],{"class":130},[55,27543,83],{"class":69},[55,27545,86],{"class":73},[55,27547,786],{"class":77},[55,27549,74],{"class":73},[55,27551,854],{"class":69},[55,27553,976],{"class":130},[55,27555,8906],{"class":69},[55,27557,27558],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27559,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27561,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,27563,1814],{"class":61},[55,27565,66],{"class":65},[55,27567,14163],{"class":61},[55,27569,198],{"class":69},[55,27571,25837],{"class":123},[55,27573,120],{"class":69},[55,27575,74],{"class":73},[55,27577,194],{"class":77},[55,27579,74],{"class":73},[55,27581,103],{"class":69},[55,27583,27584],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,27585,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27587,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,27589,117],{"class":116},[55,27591,120],{"class":69},[55,27593,1849],{"class":123},[55,27595,970],{"class":69},[55,27597,27376],{"class":137},[55,27599,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,27601,117],{"class":116},[55,27603,120],{"class":69},[55,27605,8802],{"class":123},[55,27607,970],{"class":69},[55,27609,27610],{"class":137},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[14,27612,27613],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[37,27615,27617],{"id":27616},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[14,27619,27620,27621,27623],{},"Problems with ",[52,27622,12169],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[21,27625,27626,27629,27638,27641],{},[24,27627,27628],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[24,27630,27631,27632,27635,27636],{},"Mixing up list ",[52,27633,27634],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[52,27637,25933],{},[24,27639,27640],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[24,27642,27643,27644,1309,27646],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[52,27645,152],{},[52,27647,27648],{},"\"1\"",[14,27650,27651],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[45,27653,27655],{"className":47,"code":27654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[52,27656,27657,27681,27685,27715],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27658,27659,27661,27663,27665,27667,27669,27671,27673,27675,27677,27679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27660,8763],{"class":61},[55,27662,66],{"class":65},[55,27664,10088],{"class":69},[55,27666,74],{"class":73},[55,27668,152],{"class":77},[55,27670,74],{"class":73},[55,27672,854],{"class":69},[55,27674,86],{"class":73},[55,27676,6180],{"class":77},[55,27678,74],{"class":73},[55,27680,8906],{"class":69},[55,27682,27683],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27684,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,27686,27687,27689,27691,27693,27695,27697,27699,27701,27703,27705,27708,27710,27712],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,27688,117],{"class":116},[55,27690,120],{"class":69},[55,27692,8802],{"class":123},[55,27694,198],{"class":69},[55,27696,25837],{"class":123},[55,27698,120],{"class":69},[55,27700,152],{"class":130},[55,27702,83],{"class":69},[55,27704,86],{"class":73},[55,27706,27707],{"class":77},"not found",[55,27709,74],{"class":73},[55,27711,947],{"class":69},[55,27713,27714],{"class":137},"    # not found\n",[55,27716,27717,27719,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,27718,117],{"class":116},[55,27720,120],{"class":69},[55,27722,8802],{"class":123},[55,27724,198],{"class":69},[55,27726,25837],{"class":123},[55,27728,120],{"class":69},[55,27730,74],{"class":73},[55,27732,152],{"class":77},[55,27734,74],{"class":73},[55,27736,83],{"class":69},[55,27738,86],{"class":73},[55,27740,27707],{"class":77},[55,27742,74],{"class":73},[55,27744,947],{"class":69},[55,27746,27747],{"class":137},"  # one\n",[14,27749,27750,3983,27752,27754],{},[52,27751,152],{},[52,27753,27648],{}," are different keys.",[37,27756,8469],{"id":8468},[14,27758,8472,27759,27761],{},[52,27760,12363],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[45,27763,27765],{"className":47,"code":27764,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[52,27766,27767,27777,27791,27809,27839],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,27768,27769,27771,27773,27775],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,27770,117],{"class":116},[55,27772,120],{"class":69},[55,27774,11048],{"class":123},[55,27776,103],{"class":69},[55,27778,27779,27781,27783,27785,27787,27789],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,27780,117],{"class":116},[55,27782,120],{"class":69},[55,27784,11048],{"class":123},[55,27786,198],{"class":69},[55,27788,16521],{"class":123},[55,27790,6788],{"class":69},[55,27792,27793,27795,27797,27799,27801,27803,27805,27807],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,27794,117],{"class":116},[55,27796,120],{"class":69},[55,27798,2889],{"class":73},[55,27800,7263],{"class":77},[55,27802,2889],{"class":73},[55,27804,20770],{"class":959},[55,27806,11365],{"class":123},[55,27808,103],{"class":69},[55,27810,27811,27813,27815,27817,27819,27821,27823,27825,27827,27829,27831,27833,27835,27837],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,27812,117],{"class":116},[55,27814,120],{"class":69},[55,27816,11048],{"class":123},[55,27818,198],{"class":69},[55,27820,25837],{"class":123},[55,27822,120],{"class":69},[55,27824,2889],{"class":73},[55,27826,7263],{"class":77},[55,27828,2889],{"class":73},[55,27830,83],{"class":69},[55,27832,2884],{"class":73},[55,27834,26369],{"class":77},[55,27836,2889],{"class":73},[55,27838,1357],{"class":69},[55,27840,27841,27843,27845,27847,27849,27851],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,27842,117],{"class":116},[55,27844,120],{"class":69},[55,27846,1396],{"class":850},[55,27848,120],{"class":69},[55,27850,11048],{"class":123},[55,27852,1357],{"class":69},[14,27854,20933],{},[21,27856,27857,27862,27867,27872,27878],{},[24,27858,27859,27861],{},[52,27860,12279],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[24,27863,27864,27866],{},[52,27865,20945],{}," shows all available keys",[24,27868,27869,27871],{},[52,27870,20951],{}," checks whether a key exists",[24,27873,27874,27877],{},[52,27875,27876],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[24,27879,27880,27882],{},[52,27881,12285],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[14,27884,27885,27886,198],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[194,27887,8989],{"href":8988},[37,27889,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,27891,27893,27894,27896],{"id":27892},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[52,27895,12363],{}," return the key or the value?",[14,27898,27899],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[1425,27901,27903],{"id":27902},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[14,27905,27906,26134,27908,27910,27911,27913],{},[52,27907,25933],{},[52,27909,19284],{},". ",[52,27912,25937],{}," returns the default value instead.",[1425,27915,12304,27917,14493],{"id":27916},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[52,27918,12363],{},[14,27920,27921],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[1425,27923,27925,27926,27928],{"id":27924},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[52,27927,12363],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[14,27930,27931,27932,27934,27935,198],{},"Not with ",[52,27933,12169],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[194,27936,27937],{"href":12180},[52,27938,12370],{},[1425,27940,4771,27942,3983,27944,2078],{"id":27941},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[52,27943,10338],{},[52,27945,12363],{},[14,27947,27948,27950,27951,27953],{},[52,27949,10338],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[52,27952,12363],{}," reads and removes it.",[37,27955,1495],{"id":1494},[21,27957,27958,27964,27971,27975,27979,27983],{},[24,27959,27960],{},[194,27961,27962],{"href":10334},[52,27963,19265],{},[24,27965,27966],{},[194,27967,27968],{"href":12180},[52,27969,27970],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[24,27972,27973],{},[194,27974,12387],{"href":12173},[24,27976,27977],{},[194,27978,21054],{"href":16194},[24,27980,27981],{},[194,27982,10860],{"href":10673},[24,27984,27985],{},[194,27986,27988],{"href":27987},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1524,27990,27991],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":27993},[27994,27995,27997,27998,27999,28001,28008,28015,28025,28026,28027,28038],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":25944,"depth":106,"text":27996},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":26429,"depth":106,"text":28000},"When to use pop()",{"id":26616,"depth":106,"text":28002,"children":28003},"pop() vs del",[28004,28006],{"id":26631,"depth":113,"text":28005},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26734,"depth":113,"text":28007},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26837,"depth":106,"text":28009,"children":28010},"How to avoid KeyError",[28011,28012,28013],{"id":26846,"depth":113,"text":26847},{"id":26942,"depth":113,"text":26943},{"id":27050,"depth":113,"text":28014},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":28016},[28017,28019,28021,28023],{"id":27160,"depth":113,"text":28018},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27293,"depth":113,"text":28020},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27398,"depth":113,"text":28022},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27515,"depth":113,"text":28024},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27616,"depth":106,"text":27617},{"id":8468,"depth":106,"text":8469},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":28028},[28029,28031,28032,28034,28036],{"id":27892,"depth":113,"text":28030},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27902,"depth":113,"text":27903},{"id":27916,"depth":113,"text":28033},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27924,"depth":113,"text":28035},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27941,"depth":113,"text":28037},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25765,"description":28039},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28046,"title":27970,"body":28047,"description":29987,"extension":1546,"meta":29988,"navigation":109,"path":29989,"seo":29990,"stem":29991,"__hash__":29992},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28048,"toc":29951},[28049,28054,28059,28062,28070,28080,28082,28171,28175,28224,28229,28234,28238,28254,28257,28259,28274,28276,28292,28299,28303,28309,28318,28320,28389,28393,28414,28417,28436,28439,28462,28464,28467,28582,28586,28645,28652,28656,28662,28787,28791,28841,28844,28848,28855,28857,28920,28924,28945,28948,28957,28972,28980,28987,28991,29003,29007,29018,29020,29166,29170,29229,29236,29241,29245,29251,29274,29279,29298,29302,29373,29380,29453,29462,29467,29472,29483,29486,29623,29628,29660,29665,29667,29671,29731,29734,29791,29794,29837,29839,29844,29850,29856,29859,29866,29874,29879,29882,29889,29897,29899,29948],[10,28050,10916,28052,10920],{"id":28051},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[52,28053,12370],{},[14,28055,1563,28056,28058],{},[52,28057,12370],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[14,28060,28061],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[21,28063,28064,28067],{},[24,28065,28066],{},"remove an item",[24,28068,28069],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[14,28071,28072,28073,28075,28076,28079],{},"In modern Python, ",[52,28074,12370],{}," removes the ",[3332,28077,28078],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[37,28081,1588],{"id":1587},[45,28083,28085],{"className":47,"code":28084,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[52,28086,28087,28131,28147,28151,28161],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28088,28089,28091,28093,28095,28097,28099,28101,28103,28105,28107,28109,28111,28113,28115,28117,28119,28121,28123,28125,28127,28129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28090,8763],{"class":61},[55,28092,66],{"class":65},[55,28094,10088],{"class":69},[55,28096,74],{"class":73},[55,28098,194],{"class":77},[55,28100,74],{"class":73},[55,28102,854],{"class":69},[55,28104,5090],{"class":130},[55,28106,83],{"class":69},[55,28108,86],{"class":73},[55,28110,786],{"class":77},[55,28112,74],{"class":73},[55,28114,854],{"class":69},[55,28116,976],{"class":130},[55,28118,83],{"class":69},[55,28120,86],{"class":73},[55,28122,795],{"class":77},[55,28124,74],{"class":73},[55,28126,854],{"class":69},[55,28128,2036],{"class":130},[55,28130,8906],{"class":69},[55,28132,28133,28136,28138,28140,28142,28145],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28134,28135],{"class":61},"item ",[55,28137,66],{"class":65},[55,28139,14163],{"class":61},[55,28141,198],{"class":69},[55,28143,28144],{"class":123},"popitem",[55,28146,8239],{"class":69},[55,28148,28149],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,28150,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,28152,28153,28155,28157,28159],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,28154,117],{"class":116},[55,28156,120],{"class":69},[55,28158,22907],{"class":123},[55,28160,103],{"class":69},[55,28162,28163,28165,28167,28169],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,28164,117],{"class":116},[55,28166,120],{"class":69},[55,28168,8802],{"class":123},[55,28170,103],{"class":69},[14,28172,28173],{},[3332,28174,314],{},[45,28176,28178],{"className":47,"code":28177,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[52,28179,28180,28196],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28181,28182,28184,28186,28188,28190,28192,28194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28183,120],{"class":69},[55,28185,2889],{"class":73},[55,28187,795],{"class":77},[55,28189,2889],{"class":73},[55,28191,83],{"class":69},[55,28193,2036],{"class":130},[55,28195,103],{"class":69},[55,28197,28198,28200,28202,28204,28206,28208,28210,28212,28214,28216,28218,28220,28222],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28199,8875],{"class":69},[55,28201,2889],{"class":73},[55,28203,194],{"class":77},[55,28205,2889],{"class":73},[55,28207,854],{"class":69},[55,28209,5090],{"class":130},[55,28211,83],{"class":69},[55,28213,2884],{"class":73},[55,28215,786],{"class":77},[55,28217,2889],{"class":73},[55,28219,854],{"class":69},[55,28221,976],{"class":130},[55,28223,8906],{"class":69},[14,28225,28226,28228],{},[52,28227,12370],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[37,28230,3265,28232,3268],{"id":28231},"what-popitem-does",[52,28233,12370],{},[14,28235,28236,854],{},[52,28237,12370],{},[21,28239,28240,28243,28248,28251],{},[24,28241,28242],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[24,28244,28245,28246],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[52,28247,21252],{},[24,28249,28250],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[24,28252,28253],{},"changes the original dictionary",[14,28255,28256],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[37,28258,1740],{"id":1739},[45,28260,28262],{"className":47,"code":28261,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[52,28263,28264],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28265,28266,28268,28270,28272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28267,15202],{"class":61},[55,28269,198],{"class":69},[55,28271,28144],{"class":123},[55,28273,8239],{"class":69},[14,28275,211],{},[21,28277,28278,28286,28289],{},[24,28279,28280,28282,28283],{},[52,28281,12370],{}," takes ",[3332,28284,28285],{},"no arguments",[24,28287,28288],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[24,28290,28291],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[14,28293,28294,28295,6226],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[194,28296,28297],{"href":12166},[52,28298,12363],{},[37,28300,28302],{"id":28301},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[14,28304,28305,28306,28308],{},"The value returned by ",[52,28307,12370],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28310,28311,28312,28315],"ol",{},[24,28313,28314],{},"the key",[24,28316,28317],{},"the value",[14,28319,233],{},[45,28321,28323],{"className":47,"code":28322,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,28324,28325,28361,28375,28379],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28326,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335,28337,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349,28351,28353,28355,28357,28359],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28328,12802],{"class":61},[55,28330,66],{"class":65},[55,28332,10088],{"class":69},[55,28334,74],{"class":73},[55,28336,7263],{"class":77},[55,28338,74],{"class":73},[55,28340,854],{"class":69},[55,28342,86],{"class":73},[55,28344,4595],{"class":77},[55,28346,74],{"class":73},[55,28348,83],{"class":69},[55,28350,86],{"class":73},[55,28352,8896],{"class":77},[55,28354,74],{"class":73},[55,28356,854],{"class":69},[55,28358,8903],{"class":130},[55,28360,8906],{"class":69},[55,28362,28363,28365,28367,28369,28371,28373],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28364,1814],{"class":61},[55,28366,66],{"class":65},[55,28368,12845],{"class":61},[55,28370,198],{"class":69},[55,28372,28144],{"class":123},[55,28374,8239],{"class":69},[55,28376,28377],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,28378,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,28380,28381,28383,28385,28387],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,28382,117],{"class":116},[55,28384,120],{"class":69},[55,28386,1849],{"class":123},[55,28388,103],{"class":69},[14,28390,28391],{},[3332,28392,314],{},[45,28394,28396],{"className":47,"code":28395,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('age', 25)\n",[52,28397,28398],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28399,28400,28402,28404,28406,28408,28410,28412],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28401,120],{"class":69},[55,28403,2889],{"class":73},[55,28405,8896],{"class":77},[55,28407,2889],{"class":73},[55,28409,83],{"class":69},[55,28411,8903],{"class":130},[55,28413,103],{"class":69},[14,28415,28416],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[45,28418,28420],{"className":47,"code":28419,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = person.popitem()\n",[52,28421,28422],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28423,28424,28426,28428,28430,28432,28434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28425,1814],{"class":61},[55,28427,66],{"class":65},[55,28429,12845],{"class":61},[55,28431,198],{"class":69},[55,28433,28144],{"class":123},[55,28435,8239],{"class":69},[14,28437,28438],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[45,28440,28442],{"className":47,"code":28441,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[52,28443,28444],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28445,28446,28448,28450,28452,28454,28456,28458,28460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28447,14438],{"class":61},[55,28449,83],{"class":69},[55,28451,21181],{"class":61},[55,28453,66],{"class":65},[55,28455,12845],{"class":61},[55,28457,198],{"class":69},[55,28459,28144],{"class":123},[55,28461,8239],{"class":69},[37,28463,11073],{"id":11072},[14,28465,28466],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[45,28468,28470],{"className":47,"code":28469,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[52,28471,28472,28520,28524,28539,28543,28563],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28473,28474,28476,28478,28480,28482,28485,28487,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28499,28501,28504,28506,28508,28511,28513,28515,28518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28475,4654],{"class":61},[55,28477,66],{"class":65},[55,28479,10088],{"class":69},[55,28481,74],{"class":73},[55,28483,28484],{"class":77},"Tom",[55,28486,74],{"class":73},[55,28488,854],{"class":69},[55,28490,4666],{"class":130},[55,28492,83],{"class":69},[55,28494,86],{"class":73},[55,28496,645],{"class":77},[55,28498,74],{"class":73},[55,28500,854],{"class":69},[55,28502,28503],{"class":130}," 95",[55,28505,83],{"class":69},[55,28507,86],{"class":73},[55,28509,28510],{"class":77},"Leo",[55,28512,74],{"class":73},[55,28514,854],{"class":69},[55,28516,28517],{"class":130}," 88",[55,28519,8906],{"class":69},[55,28521,28522],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28523,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,28525,28526,28529,28531,28533,28535,28537],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,28527,28528],{"class":61},"removed_pair ",[55,28530,66],{"class":65},[55,28532,4701],{"class":61},[55,28534,198],{"class":69},[55,28536,28144],{"class":123},[55,28538,8239],{"class":69},[55,28540,28541],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,28542,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,28544,28545,28547,28549,28551,28554,28556,28558,28561],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,28546,117],{"class":116},[55,28548,120],{"class":69},[55,28550,74],{"class":73},[55,28552,28553],{"class":77},"Removed:",[55,28555,74],{"class":73},[55,28557,83],{"class":69},[55,28559,28560],{"class":123}," removed_pair",[55,28562,103],{"class":69},[55,28564,28565,28567,28569,28571,28574,28576,28578,28580],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,28566,117],{"class":116},[55,28568,120],{"class":69},[55,28570,74],{"class":73},[55,28572,28573],{"class":77},"After removal:",[55,28575,74],{"class":73},[55,28577,83],{"class":69},[55,28579,4701],{"class":123},[55,28581,103],{"class":69},[14,28583,28584],{},[3332,28585,314],{},[45,28587,28589],{"className":47,"code":28588,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[52,28590,28591,28612],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28592,28593,28596,28598,28600,28602,28604,28606,28608,28610],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28594,28595],{"class":61},"Removed",[55,28597,854],{"class":69},[55,28599,70],{"class":69},[55,28601,2889],{"class":73},[55,28603,28510],{"class":77},[55,28605,2889],{"class":73},[55,28607,83],{"class":69},[55,28609,28517],{"class":130},[55,28611,103],{"class":69},[55,28613,28614,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627,28629,28631,28633,28635,28637,28639,28641,28643],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28615,28616],{"class":61},"After removal",[55,28618,854],{"class":69},[55,28620,10088],{"class":69},[55,28622,2889],{"class":73},[55,28624,28484],{"class":77},[55,28626,2889],{"class":73},[55,28628,854],{"class":69},[55,28630,4666],{"class":130},[55,28632,83],{"class":69},[55,28634,2884],{"class":73},[55,28636,645],{"class":77},[55,28638,2889],{"class":73},[55,28640,854],{"class":69},[55,28642,28503],{"class":130},[55,28644,8906],{"class":69},[14,28646,28647,28648,28651],{},"The last inserted item was ",[52,28649,28650],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[37,28653,28655],{"id":28654},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[14,28657,28658,28659,28661],{},"Because ",[52,28660,12370],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[45,28663,28665],{"className":47,"code":28664,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[52,28666,28667,28703,28707,28726,28730,28749,28768],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28668,28669,28671,28673,28675,28677,28679,28681,28683,28685,28687,28689,28691,28693,28695,28697,28699,28701],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28670,15045],{"class":61},[55,28672,66],{"class":65},[55,28674,10088],{"class":69},[55,28676,74],{"class":73},[55,28678,15056],{"class":77},[55,28680,74],{"class":73},[55,28682,854],{"class":69},[55,28684,86],{"class":73},[55,28686,15065],{"class":77},[55,28688,74],{"class":73},[55,28690,83],{"class":69},[55,28692,86],{"class":73},[55,28694,15076],{"class":77},[55,28696,74],{"class":73},[55,28698,854],{"class":69},[55,28700,26503],{"class":130},[55,28702,8906],{"class":69},[55,28704,28705],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28706,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,28708,28709,28711,28713,28715,28717,28720,28722,28724],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,28710,14438],{"class":61},[55,28712,83],{"class":69},[55,28714,21181],{"class":61},[55,28716,66],{"class":65},[55,28718,28719],{"class":61}," book",[55,28721,198],{"class":69},[55,28723,28144],{"class":123},[55,28725,8239],{"class":69},[55,28727,28728],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,28729,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,28731,28732,28734,28736,28738,28741,28743,28745,28747],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,28733,117],{"class":116},[55,28735,120],{"class":69},[55,28737,74],{"class":73},[55,28739,28740],{"class":77},"Key:",[55,28742,74],{"class":73},[55,28744,83],{"class":69},[55,28746,21176],{"class":123},[55,28748,103],{"class":69},[55,28750,28751,28753,28755,28757,28760,28762,28764,28766],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,28752,117],{"class":116},[55,28754,120],{"class":69},[55,28756,74],{"class":73},[55,28758,28759],{"class":77},"Value:",[55,28761,74],{"class":73},[55,28763,83],{"class":69},[55,28765,8028],{"class":123},[55,28767,103],{"class":69},[55,28769,28770,28772,28774,28776,28779,28781,28783,28785],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,28771,117],{"class":116},[55,28773,120],{"class":69},[55,28775,74],{"class":73},[55,28777,28778],{"class":77},"Dictionary:",[55,28780,74],{"class":73},[55,28782,83],{"class":69},[55,28784,28719],{"class":123},[55,28786,103],{"class":69},[14,28788,28789],{},[3332,28790,314],{},[45,28792,28794],{"className":47,"code":28793,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[52,28795,28796,28806,28816],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28797,28798,28801,28803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28799,28800],{"class":61},"Key",[55,28802,854],{"class":69},[55,28804,28805],{"class":61}," pages\n",[55,28807,28808,28811,28813],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28809,28810],{"class":61},"Value",[55,28812,854],{"class":69},[55,28814,28815],{"class":130}," 200\n",[55,28817,28818,28821,28823,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,28819,28820],{"class":61},"Dictionary",[55,28822,854],{"class":69},[55,28824,10088],{"class":69},[55,28826,2889],{"class":73},[55,28828,15056],{"class":77},[55,28830,2889],{"class":73},[55,28832,854],{"class":69},[55,28834,2884],{"class":73},[55,28836,15065],{"class":77},[55,28838,2889],{"class":73},[55,28840,8906],{"class":69},[14,28842,28843],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[37,28845,28847],{"id":28846},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[14,28849,28850,28851,28075,28853,198],{},"In current Python versions, ",[52,28852,12370],{},[3332,28854,28078],{},[14,28856,233],{},[45,28858,28860],{"className":47,"code":28859,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[52,28861,28862,28906],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28863,28864,28866,28868,28870,28872,28874,28876,28878,28880,28882,28884,28886,28888,28890,28892,28894,28896,28898,28900,28902,28904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28865,8763],{"class":61},[55,28867,66],{"class":65},[55,28869,10088],{"class":69},[55,28871,74],{"class":73},[55,28873,1757],{"class":77},[55,28875,74],{"class":73},[55,28877,854],{"class":69},[55,28879,5090],{"class":130},[55,28881,83],{"class":69},[55,28883,86],{"class":73},[55,28885,11344],{"class":77},[55,28887,74],{"class":73},[55,28889,854],{"class":69},[55,28891,976],{"class":130},[55,28893,83],{"class":69},[55,28895,86],{"class":73},[55,28897,21674],{"class":77},[55,28899,74],{"class":73},[55,28901,854],{"class":69},[55,28903,2036],{"class":130},[55,28905,8906],{"class":69},[55,28907,28908,28910,28912,28914,28916,28918],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,28909,117],{"class":116},[55,28911,120],{"class":69},[55,28913,8802],{"class":123},[55,28915,198],{"class":69},[55,28917,28144],{"class":123},[55,28919,6788],{"class":69},[14,28921,28922],{},[3332,28923,314],{},[45,28925,28927],{"className":47,"code":28926,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('z', 3)\n",[52,28928,28929],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,28930,28931,28933,28935,28937,28939,28941,28943],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,28932,120],{"class":69},[55,28934,2889],{"class":73},[55,28936,21674],{"class":77},[55,28938,2889],{"class":73},[55,28940,83],{"class":69},[55,28942,2036],{"class":130},[55,28944,103],{"class":69},[14,28946,28947],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[14,28949,28950,28951,28953,28954,28956],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3332,28952,4222],{}," think of ",[52,28955,12370],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[14,28958,28959,28960,1773,28964,16670,28968,198],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[194,28961,28962],{"href":16673},[52,28963,16676],{},[194,28965,28966],{"href":16660},[52,28967,16663],{},[194,28969,28970],{"href":16666},[52,28971,16669],{},[37,28973,28975,28976,3983,28978],{"id":28974},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[52,28977,12370],{},[52,28979,12363],{},[14,28981,28982,3983,28984,28986],{},[52,28983,12370],{},[52,28985,12363],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[1425,28988,28989],{"id":28144},[52,28990,12370],{},[21,28992,28993,28996,28999],{},[24,28994,28995],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[24,28997,28998],{},"does not need a key argument",[24,29000,3280,29001],{},[52,29002,21252],{},[1425,29004,29005],{"id":25837},[52,29006,12363],{},[21,29008,29009,29012,29015],{},[24,29010,29011],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[24,29013,29014],{},"needs the key name",[24,29016,29017],{},"returns only the value",[14,29019,233],{},[45,29021,29023],{"className":47,"code":29022,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[52,29024,29025,29069,29073,29087,29107,29111,29133,29152,29156],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29026,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035,29037,29039,29041,29043,29045,29047,29049,29051,29053,29055,29057,29059,29061,29063,29065,29067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29028,8763],{"class":61},[55,29030,66],{"class":65},[55,29032,10088],{"class":69},[55,29034,74],{"class":73},[55,29036,194],{"class":77},[55,29038,74],{"class":73},[55,29040,854],{"class":69},[55,29042,5090],{"class":130},[55,29044,83],{"class":69},[55,29046,86],{"class":73},[55,29048,786],{"class":77},[55,29050,74],{"class":73},[55,29052,854],{"class":69},[55,29054,976],{"class":130},[55,29056,83],{"class":69},[55,29058,86],{"class":73},[55,29060,795],{"class":77},[55,29062,74],{"class":73},[55,29064,854],{"class":69},[55,29066,2036],{"class":130},[55,29068,8906],{"class":69},[55,29070,29071],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29072,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,29074,29075,29077,29079,29081,29083,29085],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29076,28135],{"class":61},[55,29078,66],{"class":65},[55,29080,14163],{"class":61},[55,29082,198],{"class":69},[55,29084,28144],{"class":123},[55,29086,8239],{"class":69},[55,29088,29089,29091,29093,29095,29098,29100,29102,29105],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,29090,117],{"class":116},[55,29092,120],{"class":69},[55,29094,74],{"class":73},[55,29096,29097],{"class":77},"popitem():",[55,29099,74],{"class":73},[55,29101,83],{"class":69},[55,29103,29104],{"class":123}," item",[55,29106,103],{"class":69},[55,29108,29109],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,29110,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,29112,29113,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,29114,2031],{"class":61},[55,29116,66],{"class":65},[55,29118,14163],{"class":61},[55,29120,198],{"class":69},[55,29122,25837],{"class":123},[55,29124,120],{"class":69},[55,29126,74],{"class":73},[55,29128,194],{"class":77},[55,29130,74],{"class":73},[55,29132,103],{"class":69},[55,29134,29135,29137,29139,29141,29144,29146,29148,29150],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,29136,117],{"class":116},[55,29138,120],{"class":69},[55,29140,74],{"class":73},[55,29142,29143],{"class":77},"pop('a'):",[55,29145,74],{"class":73},[55,29147,83],{"class":69},[55,29149,8028],{"class":123},[55,29151,103],{"class":69},[55,29153,29154],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,29155,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,29157,29158,29160,29162,29164],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,29159,117],{"class":116},[55,29161,120],{"class":69},[55,29163,8802],{"class":123},[55,29165,103],{"class":69},[14,29167,29168],{},[3332,29169,314],{},[45,29171,29173],{"className":47,"code":29172,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[52,29174,29175,29196,29213],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29176,29177,29179,29182,29184,29186,29188,29190,29192,29194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29178,28144],{"class":123},[55,29180,29181],{"class":69},"():",[55,29183,70],{"class":69},[55,29185,2889],{"class":73},[55,29187,795],{"class":77},[55,29189,2889],{"class":73},[55,29191,83],{"class":69},[55,29193,2036],{"class":130},[55,29195,103],{"class":69},[55,29197,29198,29200,29202,29204,29206,29208,29210],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29199,25837],{"class":123},[55,29201,120],{"class":69},[55,29203,2889],{"class":73},[55,29205,194],{"class":77},[55,29207,2889],{"class":73},[55,29209,16049],{"class":69},[55,29211,29212],{"class":130}," 1\n",[55,29214,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225,29227],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29216,8875],{"class":69},[55,29218,2889],{"class":73},[55,29220,786],{"class":77},[55,29222,2889],{"class":73},[55,29224,854],{"class":69},[55,29226,976],{"class":130},[55,29228,8906],{"class":69},[14,29230,1440,29231,29235],{},[194,29232,29233],{"href":12166},[52,29234,12363],{}," when you know the key.",[14,29237,1440,29238,29240],{},[52,29239,12370],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[37,29242,29244],{"id":29243},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[14,29246,29247,29248,29250],{},"Calling ",[52,29249,12370],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[45,29252,29254],{"className":47,"code":29253,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[52,29255,29256,29264],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29257,29258,29260,29262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29259,8763],{"class":61},[55,29261,66],{"class":65},[55,29263,9435],{"class":69},[55,29265,29266,29268,29270,29272],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29267,8802],{"class":61},[55,29269,198],{"class":69},[55,29271,28144],{"class":123},[55,29273,8239],{"class":69},[14,29275,29276],{},[3332,29277,29278],{},"Error:",[45,29280,29282],{"className":47,"code":29281,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[52,29283,29284],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29285,29286,29288,29290,29292,29295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29287,19284],{"class":850},[55,29289,854],{"class":69},[55,29291,2884],{"class":73},[55,29293,29294],{"class":77},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[55,29296,29297],{"class":73},"'\n",[1425,29299,29301],{"id":29300},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[45,29303,29305],{"className":47,"code":29304,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[52,29306,29307,29315,29319,29327,29342,29352,29358],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29308,29309,29311,29313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29310,8763],{"class":61},[55,29312,66],{"class":65},[55,29314,9435],{"class":69},[55,29316,29317],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29318,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,29320,29321,29323,29325],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29322,960],{"class":959},[55,29324,14163],{"class":61},[55,29326,979],{"class":69},[55,29328,29329,29332,29334,29336,29338,29340],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,29330,29331],{"class":61},"    item ",[55,29333,66],{"class":65},[55,29335,14163],{"class":61},[55,29337,198],{"class":69},[55,29339,28144],{"class":123},[55,29341,8239],{"class":69},[55,29343,29344,29346,29348,29350],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,29345,985],{"class":116},[55,29347,120],{"class":69},[55,29349,22907],{"class":123},[55,29351,103],{"class":69},[55,29353,29354,29356],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,29355,27030],{"class":959},[55,29357,979],{"class":69},[55,29359,29360,29362,29364,29366,29369,29371],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,29361,985],{"class":116},[55,29363,120],{"class":69},[55,29365,74],{"class":73},[55,29367,29368],{"class":77},"Dictionary is empty",[55,29370,74],{"class":73},[55,29372,103],{"class":69},[1425,29374,29376,29377],{"id":29375},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[52,29378,29379],{},"try-except",[45,29381,29383],{"className":47,"code":29382,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[52,29384,29385,29393,29397,29404,29418,29428,29438],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29386,29387,29389,29391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29388,8763],{"class":61},[55,29390,66],{"class":65},[55,29392,9435],{"class":69},[55,29394,29395],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29396,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,29398,29399,29402],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29400,29401],{"class":959},"try",[55,29403,979],{"class":69},[55,29405,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,29407,29331],{"class":61},[55,29409,66],{"class":65},[55,29411,14163],{"class":61},[55,29413,198],{"class":69},[55,29415,28144],{"class":123},[55,29417,8239],{"class":69},[55,29419,29420,29422,29424,29426],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,29421,985],{"class":116},[55,29423,120],{"class":69},[55,29425,22907],{"class":123},[55,29427,103],{"class":69},[55,29429,29430,29433,29436],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,29431,29432],{"class":959},"except",[55,29434,29435],{"class":850}," KeyError",[55,29437,979],{"class":69},[55,29439,29440,29442,29444,29446,29449,29451],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,29441,985],{"class":116},[55,29443,120],{"class":69},[55,29445,74],{"class":73},[55,29447,29448],{"class":77},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[55,29450,74],{"class":73},[55,29452,103],{"class":69},[14,29454,29455,29456,198],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[194,29457,1002,29459],{"href":29458},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[52,29460,29461],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[37,29463,4553,29465],{"id":29464},"when-to-use-popitem",[52,29466,12370],{},[14,29468,29469,29471],{},[52,29470,12370],{}," is useful when:",[21,29473,29474,29477,29480],{},[24,29475,29476],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[24,29478,29479],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[24,29481,29482],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[14,29484,29485],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[45,29487,29489],{"className":47,"code":29488,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[52,29490,29491,29500,29520,29540,29558,29562,29566,29576,29595],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29492,29493,29496,29498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29494,29495],{"class":61},"tasks ",[55,29497,66],{"class":65},[55,29499,11091],{"class":69},[55,29501,29502,29504,29507,29509,29511,29513,29516,29518],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29503,11096],{"class":73},[55,29505,29506],{"class":77},"first",[55,29508,74],{"class":73},[55,29510,854],{"class":69},[55,29512,86],{"class":73},[55,29514,29515],{"class":77},"wash dishes",[55,29517,74],{"class":73},[55,29519,11112],{"class":69},[55,29521,29522,29524,29527,29529,29531,29533,29536,29538],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29523,11096],{"class":73},[55,29525,29526],{"class":77},"second",[55,29528,74],{"class":73},[55,29530,854],{"class":69},[55,29532,86],{"class":73},[55,29534,29535],{"class":77},"do homework",[55,29537,74],{"class":73},[55,29539,11112],{"class":69},[55,29541,29542,29544,29547,29549,29551,29553,29556],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,29543,11096],{"class":73},[55,29545,29546],{"class":77},"third",[55,29548,74],{"class":73},[55,29550,854],{"class":69},[55,29552,86],{"class":73},[55,29554,29555],{"class":77},"read book",[55,29557,1288],{"class":73},[55,29559,29560],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,29561,8906],{"class":69},[55,29563,29564],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,29565,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,29567,29568,29571,29574],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,29569,29570],{"class":959},"while",[55,29572,29573],{"class":61}," tasks",[55,29575,979],{"class":69},[55,29577,29578,29581,29583,29585,29587,29589,29591,29593],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,29579,29580],{"class":61},"    key",[55,29582,83],{"class":69},[55,29584,21181],{"class":61},[55,29586,66],{"class":65},[55,29588,29573],{"class":61},[55,29590,198],{"class":69},[55,29592,28144],{"class":123},[55,29594,8239],{"class":69},[55,29596,29597,29599,29601,29603,29605,29607,29609,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,29598,985],{"class":116},[55,29600,120],{"class":69},[55,29602,21891],{"class":1648},[55,29604,74],{"class":77},[55,29606,8875],{"class":130},[55,29608,14438],{"class":123},[55,29610,21900],{"class":130},[55,29612,21903],{"class":77},[55,29614,8875],{"class":130},[55,29616,2058],{"class":123},[55,29618,21900],{"class":130},[55,29620,74],{"class":77},[55,29622,103],{"class":69},[14,29624,29625],{},[3332,29626,29627],{},"Possible output:",[45,29629,29631],{"className":47,"code":29630,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[52,29632,29633,29642,29651],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29634,29635,29637,29639],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29636,29546],{"class":61},[55,29638,854],{"class":69},[55,29640,29641],{"class":61}," read book\n",[55,29643,29644,29646,29648],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29645,29526],{"class":61},[55,29647,854],{"class":69},[55,29649,29650],{"class":61}," do homework\n",[55,29652,29653,29655,29657],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29654,29506],{"class":61},[55,29656,854],{"class":69},[55,29658,29659],{"class":61}," wash dishes\n",[14,29661,28658,29662,29664],{},[52,29663,12370],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[37,29666,1298],{"id":1297},[14,29668,14330,29669,854],{},[52,29670,12370],{},[21,29672,29673,29687,29706,29717],{},[24,29674,29675,29680],{},[3332,29676,29247,29677,29679],{},[52,29678,12370],{}," on an empty dictionary",[21,29681,29682],{},[24,29683,29684,29685,198],{},"This raises ",[52,29686,19284],{},[24,29688,29689,29694],{},[3332,29690,8048,29691,29693],{},[52,29692,12370],{}," to remove a specific key",[21,29695,29696,29699],{},[24,29697,29698],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[24,29700,1440,29701,29705],{},[194,29702,29703],{"href":12166},[52,29704,12363],{}," if you need that.",[24,29707,29708,29712],{},[3332,29709,4296,29710,27296],{},[52,29711,12370],{},[21,29713,29714],{},[24,29715,29716],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[24,29718,29719,29722],{},[3332,29720,29721],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[21,29723,29724],{},[24,29725,29726,21572,29728,29730],{},[52,29727,12370],{},[52,29729,21252],{}," tuple.",[14,29732,29733],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[45,29735,29737],{"className":47,"code":29736,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[52,29738,29739,29749,29763,29767,29781],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29740,29741,29743,29745,29747],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29742,117],{"class":116},[55,29744,120],{"class":69},[55,29746,11048],{"class":123},[55,29748,103],{"class":69},[55,29750,29751,29753,29755,29757,29759,29761],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29752,117],{"class":116},[55,29754,120],{"class":69},[55,29756,940],{"class":116},[55,29758,120],{"class":69},[55,29760,11048],{"class":123},[55,29762,1357],{"class":69},[55,29764,29765],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29766,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,29768,29769,29771,29773,29775,29777,29779],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,29770,28135],{"class":61},[55,29772,66],{"class":65},[55,29774,11365],{"class":61},[55,29776,198],{"class":69},[55,29778,28144],{"class":123},[55,29780,8239],{"class":69},[55,29782,29783,29785,29787,29789],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,29784,117],{"class":116},[55,29786,120],{"class":69},[55,29788,22907],{"class":123},[55,29790,103],{"class":69},[14,29792,29793],{},"Or with unpacking:",[45,29795,29797],{"className":47,"code":29796,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[52,29798,29799,29817,29827],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,29800,29801,29803,29805,29807,29809,29811,29813,29815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,29802,14438],{"class":61},[55,29804,83],{"class":69},[55,29806,21181],{"class":61},[55,29808,66],{"class":65},[55,29810,11365],{"class":61},[55,29812,198],{"class":69},[55,29814,28144],{"class":123},[55,29816,8239],{"class":69},[55,29818,29819,29821,29823,29825],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,29820,117],{"class":116},[55,29822,120],{"class":69},[55,29824,14438],{"class":123},[55,29826,103],{"class":69},[55,29828,29829,29831,29833,29835],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,29830,117],{"class":116},[55,29832,120],{"class":69},[55,29834,2058],{"class":123},[55,29836,103],{"class":69},[37,29838,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,29840,4733,29842,4736],{"id":29841},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[52,29843,12370],{},[14,29845,29846,29847,198],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[52,29848,29849],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[1425,29851,12304,29853,29855],{"id":29852},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[52,29854,12370],{}," remove the last item?",[14,29857,29858],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[1425,29860,29862,29863,29865],{"id":29861},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[52,29864,12370],{}," removes?",[14,29867,29868,29869,29873],{},"No. Use ",[194,29870,29871],{"href":12166},[52,29872,12363],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[1425,29875,12304,29877,14493],{"id":29876},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[52,29878,12370],{},[14,29880,29881],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[1425,29883,29885,29886,29888],{"id":29884},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[52,29887,12370],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[14,29890,29891,29892,29894,29895,198],{},"It raises ",[52,29893,19284],{}," with the message ",[52,29896,29294],{},[37,29898,1495],{"id":1494},[21,29900,29901,29908,29914,29920,29926,29933,29937,29941],{},[24,29902,29903],{},[194,29904,29905,29907],{"href":12166},[52,29906,12363],{}," method for dictionaries",[24,29909,29910],{},[194,29911,29912,29907],{"href":16673},[52,29913,16676],{},[24,29915,29916],{},[194,29917,29918,29907],{"href":16660},[52,29919,16663],{},[24,29921,29922],{},[194,29923,29924,29907],{"href":16666},[52,29925,16669],{},[24,29927,29928],{},[194,29929,29931,29907],{"href":29930},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[52,29932,10919],{},[24,29934,29935],{},[194,29936,12387],{"href":12173},[24,29938,29939],{},[194,29940,21054],{"href":16194},[24,29942,29943],{},[194,29944,29945,29946],{"href":29458},"Fix ",[52,29947,29461],{},[1524,29949,29950],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":29952},[29953,29954,29956,29957,29958,29959,29960,29961,29966,29971,29973,29974,29986],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":28231,"depth":106,"text":29955},"What popitem() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":28301,"depth":106,"text":28302},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":28654,"depth":106,"text":28655},{"id":28846,"depth":106,"text":28847},{"id":28974,"depth":106,"text":29962,"children":29963},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29964,29965],{"id":28144,"depth":113,"text":12370},{"id":25837,"depth":113,"text":12363},{"id":29243,"depth":106,"text":29244,"children":29967},[29968,29969],{"id":29300,"depth":113,"text":29301},{"id":29375,"depth":113,"text":29970},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29464,"depth":106,"text":29972},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":29975},[29976,29978,29980,29982,29984],{"id":29841,"depth":113,"text":29977},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29852,"depth":113,"text":29979},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29861,"depth":113,"text":29981},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29876,"depth":113,"text":29983},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29884,"depth":113,"text":29985},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27970,"description":29987},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":29994,"title":29995,"body":29996,"description":31899,"extension":1546,"meta":31900,"navigation":109,"path":13629,"seo":31901,"stem":31902,"__hash__":31903},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":29997,"toc":31871},[29998,30003,30008,30011,30013,30110,30115,30120,30125,30128,30136,30139,30154,30156,30256,30258,30315,30319,30321,30324,30344,30349,30360,30363,30390,30393,30395,30452,30454,30475,30481,30486,30489,30500,30502,30610,30612,30665,30667,30679,30686,30692,30697,30700,30788,30790,30835,30838,30846,30849,30852,30921,30924,30927,30931,30934,31005,31007,31060,31063,31066,31069,31084,31087,31099,31102,31165,31167,31173,31175,31177,31256,31258,31299,31301,31366,31368,31405,31410,31415,31419,31433,31436,31559,31561,31646,31651,31653,31657,31679,31682,31762,31765,31784,31789,31791,31797,31802,31808,31811,31817,31820,31826,31831,31837,31843,31845,31868],[10,29999,10916,30001,10920],{"id":30000},"python-dictionary-update-method",[52,30002,14551],{},[14,30004,1563,30005,30007],{},[52,30006,14551],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[14,30009,30010],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[37,30012,1588],{"id":1587},[45,30014,30016],{"className":47,"code":30015,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[52,30017,30018,30054,30095,30105],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30019,30020,30022,30024,30026,30028,30030,30032,30034,30036,30038,30040,30042,30044,30046,30048,30050,30052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30021,12802],{"class":61},[55,30023,66],{"class":65},[55,30025,10088],{"class":69},[55,30027,74],{"class":73},[55,30029,7263],{"class":77},[55,30031,74],{"class":73},[55,30033,854],{"class":69},[55,30035,86],{"class":73},[55,30037,645],{"class":77},[55,30039,74],{"class":73},[55,30041,83],{"class":69},[55,30043,86],{"class":73},[55,30045,8896],{"class":77},[55,30047,74],{"class":73},[55,30049,854],{"class":69},[55,30051,255],{"class":130},[55,30053,8906],{"class":69},[55,30055,30056,30058,30060,30063,30065,30067,30069,30071,30073,30076,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30090,30092],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,30057,16905],{"class":61},[55,30059,198],{"class":69},[55,30061,30062],{"class":123},"update",[55,30064,5122],{"class":69},[55,30066,74],{"class":73},[55,30068,8896],{"class":77},[55,30070,74],{"class":73},[55,30072,854],{"class":69},[55,30074,30075],{"class":130}," 21",[55,30077,83],{"class":69},[55,30079,86],{"class":73},[55,30081,10006],{"class":77},[55,30083,74],{"class":73},[55,30085,854],{"class":69},[55,30087,86],{"class":73},[55,30089,15628],{"class":77},[55,30091,74],{"class":73},[55,30093,30094],{"class":69},"})\n",[55,30096,30097,30099,30101,30103],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,30098,117],{"class":116},[55,30100,120],{"class":69},[55,30102,16905],{"class":123},[55,30104,103],{"class":69},[55,30106,30107],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,30108,30109],{"class":137},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[14,30111,1440,30112,30114],{},[52,30113,14551],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[37,30116,3265,30118,3268],{"id":30117},"what-update-does",[52,30119,14551],{},[14,30121,30122,30124],{},[52,30123,14551],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[14,30126,30127],{},"It can do two main things:",[21,30129,30130,30133],{},[24,30131,30132],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[24,30134,30135],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[14,30137,30138],{},"Important things to know:",[21,30140,30141,30144,30147,30151],{},[24,30142,30143],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[24,30145,30146],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[24,30148,4739,30149],{},[52,30150,3368],{},[24,30152,30153],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[14,30155,233],{},[45,30157,30159],{"className":47,"code":30158,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[52,30160,30161,30203,30246],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30162,30163,30165,30167,30169,30171,30173,30175,30177,30179,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30196,30199,30201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30164,12464],{"class":61},[55,30166,66],{"class":65},[55,30168,10088],{"class":69},[55,30170,74],{"class":73},[55,30172,7263],{"class":77},[55,30174,74],{"class":73},[55,30176,854],{"class":69},[55,30178,86],{"class":73},[55,30180,30181],{"class":77},"Mira",[55,30183,74],{"class":73},[55,30185,83],{"class":69},[55,30187,86],{"class":73},[55,30189,19488],{"class":77},[55,30191,74],{"class":73},[55,30193,854],{"class":69},[55,30195,86],{"class":73},[55,30197,30198],{"class":77},"B",[55,30200,74],{"class":73},[55,30202,8906],{"class":69},[55,30204,30205,30207,30209,30211,30213,30215,30217,30219,30221,30223,30225,30227,30229,30231,30233,30235,30237,30239,30242,30244],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,30206,13222],{"class":61},[55,30208,198],{"class":69},[55,30210,30062],{"class":123},[55,30212,5122],{"class":69},[55,30214,74],{"class":73},[55,30216,19488],{"class":77},[55,30218,74],{"class":73},[55,30220,854],{"class":69},[55,30222,86],{"class":73},[55,30224,21842],{"class":77},[55,30226,74],{"class":73},[55,30228,83],{"class":69},[55,30230,86],{"class":73},[55,30232,10006],{"class":77},[55,30234,74],{"class":73},[55,30236,854],{"class":69},[55,30238,86],{"class":73},[55,30240,30241],{"class":77},"Quito",[55,30243,74],{"class":73},[55,30245,30094],{"class":69},[55,30247,30248,30250,30252,30254],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,30249,117],{"class":116},[55,30251,120],{"class":69},[55,30253,13222],{"class":123},[55,30255,103],{"class":69},[14,30257,314],{},[45,30259,30261],{"className":47,"code":30260,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[52,30262,30263],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30264,30265,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277,30279,30281,30283,30285,30287,30289,30291,30293,30295,30297,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30266,8875],{"class":69},[55,30268,2889],{"class":73},[55,30270,7263],{"class":77},[55,30272,2889],{"class":73},[55,30274,854],{"class":69},[55,30276,2884],{"class":73},[55,30278,30181],{"class":77},[55,30280,2889],{"class":73},[55,30282,83],{"class":69},[55,30284,2884],{"class":73},[55,30286,19488],{"class":77},[55,30288,2889],{"class":73},[55,30290,854],{"class":69},[55,30292,2884],{"class":73},[55,30294,21842],{"class":77},[55,30296,2889],{"class":73},[55,30298,83],{"class":69},[55,30300,2884],{"class":73},[55,30302,10006],{"class":77},[55,30304,2889],{"class":73},[55,30306,854],{"class":69},[55,30308,2884],{"class":73},[55,30310,30241],{"class":77},[55,30312,2889],{"class":73},[55,30314,8906],{"class":69},[14,30316,8749,30317,198],{},[194,30318,24225],{"href":8988},[37,30320,1740],{"id":1739},[14,30322,30323],{},"The basic form is:",[45,30325,30327],{"className":47,"code":30326,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[52,30328,30329],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30330,30331,30333,30335,30337,30339,30342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30332,15202],{"class":61},[55,30334,198],{"class":69},[55,30336,30062],{"class":123},[55,30338,120],{"class":69},[55,30340,30341],{"class":123},"other",[55,30343,103],{"class":69},[14,30345,30346,30348],{},[52,30347,30341],{}," can be:",[21,30350,30351,30354,30357],{},[24,30352,30353],{},"Another dictionary",[24,30355,30356],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[24,30358,30359],{},"Keyword arguments",[14,30361,30362],{},"You can also use:",[45,30364,30366],{"className":47,"code":30365,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[52,30367,30368],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30369,30370,30372,30374,30376,30378,30380,30382,30384,30386,30388],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30371,15202],{"class":61},[55,30373,198],{"class":69},[55,30375,30062],{"class":123},[55,30377,120],{"class":69},[55,30379,7263],{"class":8773},[55,30381,66],{"class":65},[55,30383,74],{"class":73},[55,30385,7272],{"class":77},[55,30387,74],{"class":73},[55,30389,103],{"class":69},[14,30391,30392],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[14,30394,233],{},[45,30396,30398],{"className":47,"code":30397,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[52,30399,30400,30420,30442],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30401,30402,30404,30406,30408,30410,30412,30414,30416,30418],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30403,8763],{"class":61},[55,30405,66],{"class":65},[55,30407,10088],{"class":69},[55,30409,74],{"class":73},[55,30411,194],{"class":77},[55,30413,74],{"class":73},[55,30415,854],{"class":69},[55,30417,5090],{"class":130},[55,30419,8906],{"class":69},[55,30421,30422,30424,30426,30428,30430,30432,30434,30436,30438,30440],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,30423,8802],{"class":61},[55,30425,198],{"class":69},[55,30427,30062],{"class":123},[55,30429,5122],{"class":69},[55,30431,74],{"class":73},[55,30433,194],{"class":77},[55,30435,74],{"class":73},[55,30437,854],{"class":69},[55,30439,5598],{"class":130},[55,30441,30094],{"class":69},[55,30443,30444,30446,30448,30450],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,30445,117],{"class":116},[55,30447,120],{"class":69},[55,30449,8802],{"class":123},[55,30451,103],{"class":69},[14,30453,314],{},[45,30455,30457],{"className":47,"code":30456,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a': 10}\n",[52,30458,30459],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30460,30461,30463,30465,30467,30469,30471,30473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30462,8875],{"class":69},[55,30464,2889],{"class":73},[55,30466,194],{"class":77},[55,30468,2889],{"class":73},[55,30470,854],{"class":69},[55,30472,5598],{"class":130},[55,30474,8906],{"class":69},[37,30476,8012,30478,30480],{"id":30477},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[52,30479,14551],{}," with another dictionary",[14,30482,30483,30484,198],{},"This is the most common use of ",[52,30485,14551],{},[14,30487,30488],{},"It is useful when:",[21,30490,30491,30494,30497],{},[24,30492,30493],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[24,30495,30496],{},"Adding extra settings",[24,30498,30499],{},"Updating stored data",[14,30501,233],{},[45,30503,30505],{"className":47,"code":30504,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[52,30506,30507,30544,30581,30585,30600],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30508,30509,30511,30513,30515,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30510,13422],{"class":61},[55,30512,66],{"class":65},[55,30514,10088],{"class":69},[55,30516,74],{"class":73},[55,30518,12094],{"class":77},[55,30520,74],{"class":73},[55,30522,854],{"class":69},[55,30524,86],{"class":73},[55,30526,20524],{"class":77},[55,30528,74],{"class":73},[55,30530,83],{"class":69},[55,30532,86],{"class":73},[55,30534,13447],{"class":77},[55,30536,74],{"class":73},[55,30538,854],{"class":69},[55,30540,30541],{"class":130}," 12",[55,30543,8906],{"class":69},[55,30545,30546,30549,30551,30553,30555,30557,30559,30561,30563,30565,30567,30569,30571,30573,30575,30577,30579],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,30547,30548],{"class":61},"new_settings ",[55,30550,66],{"class":65},[55,30552,10088],{"class":69},[55,30554,74],{"class":73},[55,30556,13447],{"class":77},[55,30558,74],{"class":73},[55,30560,854],{"class":69},[55,30562,13454],{"class":130},[55,30564,83],{"class":69},[55,30566,86],{"class":73},[55,30568,19720],{"class":77},[55,30570,74],{"class":73},[55,30572,854],{"class":69},[55,30574,86],{"class":73},[55,30576,19754],{"class":77},[55,30578,74],{"class":73},[55,30580,8906],{"class":69},[55,30582,30583],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,30584,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,30586,30587,30589,30591,30593,30595,30598],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,30588,13481],{"class":61},[55,30590,198],{"class":69},[55,30592,30062],{"class":123},[55,30594,120],{"class":69},[55,30596,30597],{"class":123},"new_settings",[55,30599,103],{"class":69},[55,30601,30602,30604,30606,30608],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,30603,117],{"class":116},[55,30605,120],{"class":69},[55,30607,13481],{"class":123},[55,30609,103],{"class":69},[14,30611,314],{},[45,30613,30615],{"className":47,"code":30614,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[52,30616,30617],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30618,30619,30621,30623,30625,30627,30629,30631,30633,30635,30637,30639,30641,30643,30645,30647,30649,30651,30653,30655,30657,30659,30661,30663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30620,8875],{"class":69},[55,30622,2889],{"class":73},[55,30624,12094],{"class":77},[55,30626,2889],{"class":73},[55,30628,854],{"class":69},[55,30630,2884],{"class":73},[55,30632,20524],{"class":77},[55,30634,2889],{"class":73},[55,30636,83],{"class":69},[55,30638,2884],{"class":73},[55,30640,13447],{"class":77},[55,30642,2889],{"class":73},[55,30644,854],{"class":69},[55,30646,13454],{"class":130},[55,30648,83],{"class":69},[55,30650,2884],{"class":73},[55,30652,19720],{"class":77},[55,30654,2889],{"class":73},[55,30656,854],{"class":69},[55,30658,2884],{"class":73},[55,30660,19754],{"class":77},[55,30662,2889],{"class":73},[55,30664,8906],{"class":69},[14,30666,13005],{},[21,30668,30669,30674],{},[24,30670,30671,30673],{},[52,30672,13447],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[24,30675,30676,30678],{},[52,30677,19720],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[14,30680,30681,30682,198],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[194,30683,30685],{"href":30684},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[37,30687,8012,30689,30691],{"id":30688},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[52,30690,14551],{}," with key-value pairs",[14,30693,30694,30696],{},[52,30695,14551],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[14,30698,30699],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[45,30701,30703],{"className":47,"code":30702,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[52,30704,30705,30725,30760,30764,30778],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30706,30707,30709,30711,30713,30715,30717,30719,30721,30723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30708,4654],{"class":61},[55,30710,66],{"class":65},[55,30712,10088],{"class":69},[55,30714,74],{"class":73},[55,30716,18014],{"class":77},[55,30718,74],{"class":73},[55,30720,854],{"class":69},[55,30722,19495],{"class":130},[55,30724,8906],{"class":69},[55,30726,30727,30729,30731,30733,30735,30737,30739,30741,30743,30745,30747,30749,30752,30754,30756,30758],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,30728,8813],{"class":61},[55,30730,66],{"class":65},[55,30732,8818],{"class":69},[55,30734,74],{"class":73},[55,30736,18023],{"class":77},[55,30738,74],{"class":73},[55,30740,83],{"class":69},[55,30742,13103],{"class":130},[55,30744,8831],{"class":69},[55,30746,70],{"class":69},[55,30748,74],{"class":73},[55,30750,30751],{"class":77},"english",[55,30753,74],{"class":73},[55,30755,83],{"class":69},[55,30757,28517],{"class":130},[55,30759,8846],{"class":69},[55,30761,30762],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,30763,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,30765,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,30767,15986],{"class":61},[55,30769,198],{"class":69},[55,30771,30062],{"class":123},[55,30773,120],{"class":69},[55,30775,8859],{"class":123},[55,30777,103],{"class":69},[55,30779,30780,30782,30784,30786],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,30781,117],{"class":116},[55,30783,120],{"class":69},[55,30785,15986],{"class":123},[55,30787,103],{"class":69},[14,30789,314],{},[45,30791,30793],{"className":47,"code":30792,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[52,30794,30795],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30796,30797,30799,30801,30803,30805,30807,30809,30811,30813,30815,30817,30819,30821,30823,30825,30827,30829,30831,30833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30798,8875],{"class":69},[55,30800,2889],{"class":73},[55,30802,18014],{"class":77},[55,30804,2889],{"class":73},[55,30806,854],{"class":69},[55,30808,19495],{"class":130},[55,30810,83],{"class":69},[55,30812,2884],{"class":73},[55,30814,18023],{"class":77},[55,30816,2889],{"class":73},[55,30818,854],{"class":69},[55,30820,13103],{"class":130},[55,30822,83],{"class":69},[55,30824,2884],{"class":73},[55,30826,30751],{"class":77},[55,30828,2889],{"class":73},[55,30830,854],{"class":69},[55,30832,28517],{"class":130},[55,30834,8906],{"class":69},[14,30836,30837],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[21,30839,30840,30843],{},[24,30841,30842],{},"The key",[24,30844,30845],{},"The value",[14,30847,30848],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[14,30850,30851],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[45,30853,30855],{"className":47,"code":30854,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[52,30856,30857,30877,30902,30906],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30858,30859,30861,30863,30865,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30860,8763],{"class":61},[55,30862,66],{"class":65},[55,30864,10088],{"class":69},[55,30866,74],{"class":73},[55,30868,194],{"class":77},[55,30870,74],{"class":73},[55,30872,854],{"class":69},[55,30874,5090],{"class":130},[55,30876,8906],{"class":69},[55,30878,30879,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890,30892,30894,30896,30898,30900],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,30880,30881],{"class":61},"bad_pairs ",[55,30883,66],{"class":65},[55,30885,8818],{"class":69},[55,30887,74],{"class":73},[55,30889,786],{"class":77},[55,30891,74],{"class":73},[55,30893,83],{"class":69},[55,30895,976],{"class":130},[55,30897,83],{"class":69},[55,30899,2036],{"class":130},[55,30901,8846],{"class":69},[55,30903,30904],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,30905,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,30907,30908,30910,30912,30914,30916,30919],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,30909,8802],{"class":61},[55,30911,198],{"class":69},[55,30913,30062],{"class":123},[55,30915,120],{"class":69},[55,30917,30918],{"class":123},"bad_pairs",[55,30920,103],{"class":69},[14,30922,30923],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[14,30925,30926],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[37,30928,30930],{"id":30929},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[14,30932,30933],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[45,30935,30937],{"className":47,"code":30936,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[52,30938,30939,30963,30995],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,30940,30941,30943,30945,30947,30949,30951,30953,30955,30957,30959,30961],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,30942,11086],{"class":61},[55,30944,66],{"class":65},[55,30946,10088],{"class":69},[55,30948,74],{"class":73},[55,30950,7263],{"class":77},[55,30952,74],{"class":73},[55,30954,854],{"class":69},[55,30956,86],{"class":73},[55,30958,28510],{"class":77},[55,30960,74],{"class":73},[55,30962,8906],{"class":69},[55,30964,30965,30967,30969,30971,30973,30975,30977,30979,30981,30984,30986,30988,30991,30993],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,30966,11180],{"class":61},[55,30968,198],{"class":69},[55,30970,30062],{"class":123},[55,30972,120],{"class":69},[55,30974,8896],{"class":8773},[55,30976,66],{"class":65},[55,30978,8791],{"class":130},[55,30980,83],{"class":69},[55,30982,30983],{"class":8773}," city",[55,30985,66],{"class":65},[55,30987,74],{"class":73},[55,30989,30990],{"class":77},"Madrid",[55,30992,74],{"class":73},[55,30994,103],{"class":69},[55,30996,30997,30999,31001,31003],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,30998,117],{"class":116},[55,31000,120],{"class":69},[55,31002,11180],{"class":123},[55,31004,103],{"class":69},[14,31006,314],{},[45,31008,31010],{"className":47,"code":31009,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[52,31011,31012],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31013,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31038,31040,31042,31044,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31015,8875],{"class":69},[55,31017,2889],{"class":73},[55,31019,7263],{"class":77},[55,31021,2889],{"class":73},[55,31023,854],{"class":69},[55,31025,2884],{"class":73},[55,31027,28510],{"class":77},[55,31029,2889],{"class":73},[55,31031,83],{"class":69},[55,31033,2884],{"class":73},[55,31035,8896],{"class":77},[55,31037,2889],{"class":73},[55,31039,854],{"class":69},[55,31041,8903],{"class":130},[55,31043,83],{"class":69},[55,31045,2884],{"class":73},[55,31047,10006],{"class":77},[55,31049,2889],{"class":73},[55,31051,854],{"class":69},[55,31053,2884],{"class":73},[55,31055,30990],{"class":77},[55,31057,2889],{"class":73},[55,31059,8906],{"class":69},[14,31061,31062],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[14,31064,31065],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[14,31067,31068],{},"These work:",[21,31070,31071,31075,31079],{},[24,31072,31073],{},[52,31074,8896],{},[24,31076,31077],{},[52,31078,10006],{},[24,31080,31081],{},[52,31082,31083],{},"first_name",[14,31085,31086],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[21,31088,31089,31094],{},[24,31090,31091],{},[52,31092,31093],{},"\"first name\"",[24,31095,31096],{},[52,31097,31098],{},"\"user-id\"",[14,31100,31101],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[45,31103,31105],{"className":47,"code":31104,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[52,31106,31107,31115,31155],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31108,31109,31111,31113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31110,11086],{"class":61},[55,31112,66],{"class":65},[55,31114,9435],{"class":69},[55,31116,31117,31119,31121,31123,31125,31127,31129,31131,31133,31135,31137,31139,31141,31143,31146,31148,31150,31153],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31118,11180],{"class":61},[55,31120,198],{"class":69},[55,31122,30062],{"class":123},[55,31124,5122],{"class":69},[55,31126,74],{"class":73},[55,31128,10110],{"class":77},[55,31130,74],{"class":73},[55,31132,854],{"class":69},[55,31134,86],{"class":73},[55,31136,28510],{"class":77},[55,31138,74],{"class":73},[55,31140,83],{"class":69},[55,31142,86],{"class":73},[55,31144,31145],{"class":77},"user-id",[55,31147,74],{"class":73},[55,31149,854],{"class":69},[55,31151,31152],{"class":130}," 1001",[55,31154,30094],{"class":69},[55,31156,31157,31159,31161,31163],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,31158,117],{"class":116},[55,31160,120],{"class":69},[55,31162,11180],{"class":123},[55,31164,103],{"class":69},[37,31166,17017],{"id":17016},[14,31168,31169,1981,31171,198],{},[52,31170,14551],{},[52,31172,3368],{},[14,31174,13645],{},[14,31176,24305],{},[45,31178,31180],{"className":47,"code":31179,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[52,31181,31182,31206,31232,31236,31246],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31183,31184,31186,31188,31190,31192,31194,31196,31198,31200,31202,31204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31185,12802],{"class":61},[55,31187,66],{"class":65},[55,31189,10088],{"class":69},[55,31191,74],{"class":73},[55,31193,7263],{"class":77},[55,31195,74],{"class":73},[55,31197,854],{"class":69},[55,31199,86],{"class":73},[55,31201,645],{"class":77},[55,31203,74],{"class":73},[55,31205,8906],{"class":69},[55,31207,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220,31222,31224,31226,31228,31230],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31209,1814],{"class":61},[55,31211,66],{"class":65},[55,31213,12845],{"class":61},[55,31215,198],{"class":69},[55,31217,30062],{"class":123},[55,31219,5122],{"class":69},[55,31221,74],{"class":73},[55,31223,8896],{"class":77},[55,31225,74],{"class":73},[55,31227,854],{"class":69},[55,31229,255],{"class":130},[55,31231,30094],{"class":69},[55,31233,31234],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,31235,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,31237,31238,31240,31242,31244],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,31239,117],{"class":116},[55,31241,120],{"class":69},[55,31243,1849],{"class":123},[55,31245,103],{"class":69},[55,31247,31248,31250,31252,31254],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,31249,117],{"class":116},[55,31251,120],{"class":69},[55,31253,16905],{"class":123},[55,31255,103],{"class":69},[14,31257,314],{},[45,31259,31261],{"className":47,"code":31260,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[52,31262,31263,31267],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31264,31265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31266,11407],{"class":3443},[55,31268,31269,31271,31273,31275,31277,31279,31281,31283,31285,31287,31289,31291,31293,31295,31297],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31270,8875],{"class":69},[55,31272,2889],{"class":73},[55,31274,7263],{"class":77},[55,31276,2889],{"class":73},[55,31278,854],{"class":69},[55,31280,2884],{"class":73},[55,31282,645],{"class":77},[55,31284,2889],{"class":73},[55,31286,83],{"class":69},[55,31288,2884],{"class":73},[55,31290,8896],{"class":77},[55,31292,2889],{"class":73},[55,31294,854],{"class":69},[55,31296,255],{"class":130},[55,31298,8906],{"class":69},[14,31300,16253],{},[45,31302,31304],{"className":47,"code":31303,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[52,31305,31306,31330,31352,31356],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31307,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31309,12802],{"class":61},[55,31311,66],{"class":65},[55,31313,10088],{"class":69},[55,31315,74],{"class":73},[55,31317,7263],{"class":77},[55,31319,74],{"class":73},[55,31321,854],{"class":69},[55,31323,86],{"class":73},[55,31325,645],{"class":77},[55,31327,74],{"class":73},[55,31329,8906],{"class":69},[55,31331,31332,31334,31336,31338,31340,31342,31344,31346,31348,31350],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31333,16905],{"class":61},[55,31335,198],{"class":69},[55,31337,30062],{"class":123},[55,31339,5122],{"class":69},[55,31341,74],{"class":73},[55,31343,8896],{"class":77},[55,31345,74],{"class":73},[55,31347,854],{"class":69},[55,31349,255],{"class":130},[55,31351,30094],{"class":69},[55,31353,31354],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,31355,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,31357,31358,31360,31362,31364],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,31359,117],{"class":116},[55,31361,120],{"class":69},[55,31363,16905],{"class":123},[55,31365,103],{"class":69},[14,31367,314],{},[45,31369,31371],{"className":47,"code":31370,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[52,31372,31373],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31374,31375,31377,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397,31399,31401,31403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31376,8875],{"class":69},[55,31378,2889],{"class":73},[55,31380,7263],{"class":77},[55,31382,2889],{"class":73},[55,31384,854],{"class":69},[55,31386,2884],{"class":73},[55,31388,645],{"class":77},[55,31390,2889],{"class":73},[55,31392,83],{"class":69},[55,31394,2884],{"class":73},[55,31396,8896],{"class":77},[55,31398,2889],{"class":73},[55,31400,854],{"class":69},[55,31402,255],{"class":130},[55,31404,8906],{"class":69},[14,31406,31407,31408,198],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[194,31409,17501],{"href":10329},[37,31411,4553,31413],{"id":31412},"when-to-use-update",[52,31414,14551],{},[14,31416,1440,31417,10199],{},[52,31418,14551],{},[21,31420,31421,31424,31427,31430],{},[24,31422,31423],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[24,31425,31426],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[24,31428,31429],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[24,31431,31432],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[14,31434,31435],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[45,31437,31439],{"className":47,"code":31438,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[52,31440,31441,31477,31492,31496,31535,31539,31549],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31442,31443,31445,31447,31449,31451,31453,31455,31457,31459,31461,31463,31465,31467,31469,31471,31473,31475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31444,11685],{"class":61},[55,31446,66],{"class":65},[55,31448,10088],{"class":69},[55,31450,74],{"class":73},[55,31452,7263],{"class":77},[55,31454,74],{"class":73},[55,31456,854],{"class":69},[55,31458,86],{"class":73},[55,31460,645],{"class":77},[55,31462,74],{"class":73},[55,31464,83],{"class":69},[55,31466,86],{"class":73},[55,31468,8896],{"class":77},[55,31470,74],{"class":73},[55,31472,854],{"class":69},[55,31474,255],{"class":130},[55,31476,8906],{"class":69},[55,31478,31479,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31480,31481],{"class":61},"updated ",[55,31483,66],{"class":65},[55,31485,11760],{"class":61},[55,31487,198],{"class":69},[55,31489,12511],{"class":123},[55,31491,8239],{"class":69},[55,31493,31494],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,31495,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,31497,31498,31501,31503,31505,31507,31509,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,31499,31500],{"class":61},"updated",[55,31502,198],{"class":69},[55,31504,30062],{"class":123},[55,31506,5122],{"class":69},[55,31508,74],{"class":73},[55,31510,8896],{"class":77},[55,31512,74],{"class":73},[55,31514,854],{"class":69},[55,31516,30075],{"class":130},[55,31518,83],{"class":69},[55,31520,86],{"class":73},[55,31522,10006],{"class":77},[55,31524,74],{"class":73},[55,31526,854],{"class":69},[55,31528,86],{"class":73},[55,31530,15628],{"class":77},[55,31532,74],{"class":73},[55,31534,30094],{"class":69},[55,31536,31537],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,31538,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,31540,31541,31543,31545,31547],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,31542,117],{"class":116},[55,31544,120],{"class":69},[55,31546,11732],{"class":123},[55,31548,103],{"class":69},[55,31550,31551,31553,31555,31557],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,31552,117],{"class":116},[55,31554,120],{"class":69},[55,31556,31500],{"class":123},[55,31558,103],{"class":69},[14,31560,314],{},[45,31562,31564],{"className":47,"code":31563,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[52,31565,31566,31598],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31567,31568,31570,31572,31574,31576,31578,31580,31582,31584,31586,31588,31590,31592,31594,31596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31569,8875],{"class":69},[55,31571,2889],{"class":73},[55,31573,7263],{"class":77},[55,31575,2889],{"class":73},[55,31577,854],{"class":69},[55,31579,2884],{"class":73},[55,31581,645],{"class":77},[55,31583,2889],{"class":73},[55,31585,83],{"class":69},[55,31587,2884],{"class":73},[55,31589,8896],{"class":77},[55,31591,2889],{"class":73},[55,31593,854],{"class":69},[55,31595,255],{"class":130},[55,31597,8906],{"class":69},[55,31599,31600,31602,31604,31606,31608,31610,31612,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31642,31644],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31601,8875],{"class":69},[55,31603,2889],{"class":73},[55,31605,7263],{"class":77},[55,31607,2889],{"class":73},[55,31609,854],{"class":69},[55,31611,2884],{"class":73},[55,31613,645],{"class":77},[55,31615,2889],{"class":73},[55,31617,83],{"class":69},[55,31619,2884],{"class":73},[55,31621,8896],{"class":77},[55,31623,2889],{"class":73},[55,31625,854],{"class":69},[55,31627,30075],{"class":130},[55,31629,83],{"class":69},[55,31631,2884],{"class":73},[55,31633,10006],{"class":77},[55,31635,2889],{"class":73},[55,31637,854],{"class":69},[55,31639,2884],{"class":73},[55,31641,15628],{"class":77},[55,31643,2889],{"class":73},[55,31645,8906],{"class":69},[14,31647,31648,31649,198],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[194,31650,16195],{"href":16194},[37,31652,1298],{"id":1297},[14,31654,10346,31655,854],{},[52,31656,14551],{},[21,31658,31659,31666,31670,31673,31676],{},[24,31660,12194,31661,31663,31664],{},[52,31662,14551],{}," to a variable and getting ",[52,31665,3368],{},[24,31667,8048,31668,12202],{},[52,31669,14551],{},[24,31671,31672],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[24,31674,31675],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[24,31677,31678],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[14,31680,31681],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[45,31683,31685],{"className":47,"code":31684,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[52,31686,31687,31697,31711,31725,31747],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31688,31689,31691,31693,31695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31690,117],{"class":116},[55,31692,120],{"class":69},[55,31694,11048],{"class":123},[55,31696,103],{"class":69},[55,31698,31699,31701,31703,31705,31707,31709],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31700,117],{"class":116},[55,31702,120],{"class":69},[55,31704,1396],{"class":850},[55,31706,120],{"class":69},[55,31708,8802],{"class":123},[55,31710,1357],{"class":69},[55,31712,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,31714,117],{"class":116},[55,31716,120],{"class":69},[55,31718,7688],{"class":850},[55,31720,120],{"class":69},[55,31722,8802],{"class":123},[55,31724,1357],{"class":69},[55,31726,31727,31729,31731,31733,31735,31737,31739,31741,31743,31745],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,31728,117],{"class":116},[55,31730,120],{"class":69},[55,31732,11048],{"class":123},[55,31734,198],{"class":69},[55,31736,19347],{"class":123},[55,31738,120],{"class":69},[55,31740,2889],{"class":73},[55,31742,14438],{"class":77},[55,31744,2889],{"class":73},[55,31746,1357],{"class":69},[55,31748,31749,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,31750,31751],{"class":116},"help",[55,31753,120],{"class":69},[55,31755,8418],{"class":850},[55,31757,198],{"class":69},[55,31759,30062],{"class":24347},[55,31761,103],{"class":69},[14,31763,31764],{},"These can help you check:",[21,31766,31767,31770,31775,31778,31781],{},[24,31768,31769],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[24,31771,31772,31773],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[52,31774,14551],{},[24,31776,31777],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[24,31779,31780],{},"Whether a key exists",[24,31782,31783],{},"The built-in method help text",[14,31785,31786,31787,198],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[194,31788,10860],{"href":10673},[37,31790,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,31792,12304,31794,31796],{"id":31793},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[52,31795,14551],{}," return a new dictionary?",[14,31798,31799,31800,198],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[52,31801,3368],{},[1425,31803,12304,31805,31807],{"id":31804},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[52,31806,14551],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[14,31809,31810],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[1425,31812,4761,31814,31816],{"id":31813},"can-update-add-new-keys",[52,31815,14551],{}," add new keys?",[14,31818,31819],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[1425,31821,27925,31823,31825],{"id":31822},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[52,31824,14551],{}," with a list?",[14,31827,31828,31829,198],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[52,31830,10693],{},[1425,31832,4771,31834,31836],{"id":31833},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[52,31835,14551],{}," and assigning one key?",[14,31838,31839,31840,31842],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[52,31841,14551],{}," can change many keys at once.",[37,31844,1495],{"id":1494},[21,31846,31847,31851,31855,31860,31864],{},[24,31848,31849],{},[194,31850,25692],{"href":8988},[24,31852,31853],{},[194,31854,10849],{"href":10329},[24,31856,31857],{},[194,31858,31859],{"href":30684},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[24,31861,31862],{},[194,31863,21054],{"href":16194},[24,31865,31866],{},[194,31867,10860],{"href":10673},[1524,31869,31870],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":31872},[31873,31874,31876,31877,31879,31881,31882,31883,31885,31886,31898],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":30117,"depth":106,"text":31875},"What update() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":30477,"depth":106,"text":31878},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30688,"depth":106,"text":31880},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30929,"depth":106,"text":30930},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":31412,"depth":106,"text":31884},"When to use update()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":31887},[31888,31890,31892,31894,31896],{"id":31793,"depth":113,"text":31889},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31804,"depth":113,"text":31891},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31813,"depth":113,"text":31893},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31822,"depth":113,"text":31895},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31833,"depth":113,"text":31897},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":29995,"description":31899},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31905,"title":31906,"body":31907,"description":33896,"extension":1546,"meta":33897,"navigation":109,"path":22491,"seo":33898,"stem":33899,"__hash__":33900},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31908,"toc":33859},[31909,31914,31921,31924,31926,32025,32027,32082,32087,32092,32106,32111,32113,32128,32130,32144,32157,32162,32168,32175,32177,32284,32286,32335,32341,32416,32418,32439,32441,32444,32549,32551,32606,32608,32636,32640,32645,32724,32726,32746,32748,32759,32769,32773,32778,32882,32884,32909,32912,32923,32928,32937,32940,32957,32959,33046,33048,33111,33113,33136,33138,33143,33149,33154,33156,33195,33201,33204,33223,33234,33240,33243,33316,33318,33337,33342,33345,33368,33374,33377,33441,33444,33521,33528,33531,33590,33596,33598,33617,33621,33624,33675,33678,33698,33700,33761,33763,33768,33773,33778,33783,33788,33793,33799,33802,33811,33819,33821,33856],[10,31910,10916,31912,10920],{"id":31911},"python-dictionary-values-method",[52,31913,16669],{},[14,31915,31916,31917,31920],{},"The Python ",[52,31918,31919],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[14,31922,31923],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[37,31925,1588],{"id":1587},[45,31927,31929],{"className":47,"code":31928,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[52,31930,31931,31983,31997,32001,32011],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,31932,31933,31935,31937,31939,31941,31943,31945,31947,31949,31951,31953,31955,31957,31959,31961,31963,31965,31967,31969,31971,31973,31975,31977,31979,31981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,31934,12464],{"class":61},[55,31936,66],{"class":65},[55,31938,10088],{"class":69},[55,31940,74],{"class":73},[55,31942,7263],{"class":77},[55,31944,74],{"class":73},[55,31946,854],{"class":69},[55,31948,86],{"class":73},[55,31950,645],{"class":77},[55,31952,74],{"class":73},[55,31954,83],{"class":69},[55,31956,86],{"class":73},[55,31958,8896],{"class":77},[55,31960,74],{"class":73},[55,31962,854],{"class":69},[55,31964,255],{"class":130},[55,31966,83],{"class":69},[55,31968,86],{"class":73},[55,31970,10006],{"class":77},[55,31972,74],{"class":73},[55,31974,854],{"class":69},[55,31976,86],{"class":73},[55,31978,15628],{"class":77},[55,31980,74],{"class":73},[55,31982,8906],{"class":69},[55,31984,31985,31987,31989,31991,31993,31995],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,31986,3413],{"class":61},[55,31988,66],{"class":65},[55,31990,12506],{"class":61},[55,31992,198],{"class":69},[55,31994,4951],{"class":123},[55,31996,8239],{"class":69},[55,31998,31999],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,32000,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32002,32003,32005,32007,32009],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,32004,117],{"class":116},[55,32006,120],{"class":69},[55,32008,4951],{"class":123},[55,32010,103],{"class":69},[55,32012,32013,32015,32017,32019,32021,32023],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,32014,117],{"class":116},[55,32016,120],{"class":69},[55,32018,7688],{"class":850},[55,32020,120],{"class":69},[55,32022,4951],{"class":123},[55,32024,1357],{"class":69},[14,32026,314],{},[45,32028,32030],{"className":47,"code":32029,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[52,32031,32032,32058],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32033,32034,32036,32038,32040,32042,32044,32046,32048,32050,32052,32054,32056],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32035,16635],{"class":123},[55,32037,2573],{"class":69},[55,32039,2889],{"class":73},[55,32041,645],{"class":77},[55,32043,2889],{"class":73},[55,32045,83],{"class":69},[55,32047,255],{"class":130},[55,32049,83],{"class":69},[55,32051,2884],{"class":73},[55,32053,15628],{"class":77},[55,32055,2889],{"class":73},[55,32057,282],{"class":69},[55,32059,32060,32062,32064,32066,32068,32070,32072,32074,32076,32078,32080],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32061,127],{"class":69},[55,32063,2889],{"class":73},[55,32065,645],{"class":77},[55,32067,2889],{"class":73},[55,32069,83],{"class":69},[55,32071,255],{"class":130},[55,32073,83],{"class":69},[55,32075,2884],{"class":73},[55,32077,15628],{"class":77},[55,32079,2889],{"class":73},[55,32081,386],{"class":69},[14,32083,32084,32086],{},[52,32085,16669],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[37,32088,3265,32090,3268],{"id":32089},"what-values-does",[52,32091,16669],{},[21,32093,32094,32097,32100,32103],{},[24,32095,32096],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[24,32098,32099],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[24,32101,32102],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[24,32104,32105],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[14,32107,32108,32109,198],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[194,32110,8989],{"href":8988},[37,32112,1740],{"id":1739},[45,32114,32116],{"className":47,"code":32115,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_dict.values()\n",[52,32117,32118],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32119,32120,32122,32124,32126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32121,11048],{"class":61},[55,32123,198],{"class":69},[55,32125,4951],{"class":123},[55,32127,8239],{"class":69},[14,32129,12652],{},[21,32131,32132,32136,32139],{},[24,32133,32134,11063],{},[52,32135,16669],{},[24,32137,32138],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[24,32140,32141,32142],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[52,32143,16669],{},[14,32145,32146,32147,3983,32152,198],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[194,32148,32149,32151],{"href":16660},[52,32150,16663],{}," for dictionary keys",[194,32153,32154,32156],{"href":16673},[52,32155,16676],{}," for key-value pairs",[37,32158,3265,32160,11304],{"id":32159},"what-values-returns",[52,32161,16669],{},[14,32163,32164,21572,32166,24361],{},[52,32165,16669],{},[52,32167,16635],{},[14,32169,32170,32171,32174],{},"This object is a ",[3332,32172,32173],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[14,32176,233],{},[45,32178,32180],{"className":47,"code":32179,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[52,32181,32182,32218,32222,32237,32248,32252,32274],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32183,32184,32186,32188,32190,32192,32194,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206,32208,32210,32212,32214,32216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32185,12802],{"class":61},[55,32187,66],{"class":65},[55,32189,10088],{"class":69},[55,32191,74],{"class":73},[55,32193,7263],{"class":77},[55,32195,74],{"class":73},[55,32197,854],{"class":69},[55,32199,86],{"class":73},[55,32201,7516],{"class":77},[55,32203,74],{"class":73},[55,32205,83],{"class":69},[55,32207,86],{"class":73},[55,32209,8896],{"class":77},[55,32211,74],{"class":73},[55,32213,854],{"class":69},[55,32215,8903],{"class":130},[55,32217,8906],{"class":69},[55,32219,32220],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32221,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32223,32224,32227,32229,32231,32233,32235],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,32225,32226],{"class":61},"values_view ",[55,32228,66],{"class":65},[55,32230,12845],{"class":61},[55,32232,198],{"class":69},[55,32234,4951],{"class":123},[55,32236,8239],{"class":69},[55,32238,32239,32241,32243,32246],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,32240,117],{"class":116},[55,32242,120],{"class":69},[55,32244,32245],{"class":123},"values_view",[55,32247,103],{"class":69},[55,32249,32250],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,32251,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32253,32254,32256,32258,32260,32262,32264,32266,32268,32270,32272],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,32255,16905],{"class":61},[55,32257,127],{"class":69},[55,32259,74],{"class":73},[55,32261,10006],{"class":77},[55,32263,74],{"class":73},[55,32265,1277],{"class":69},[55,32267,1280],{"class":65},[55,32269,86],{"class":73},[55,32271,30241],{"class":77},[55,32273,1288],{"class":73},[55,32275,32276,32278,32280,32282],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,32277,117],{"class":116},[55,32279,120],{"class":69},[55,32281,32245],{"class":123},[55,32283,103],{"class":69},[14,32285,314],{},[45,32287,32289],{"className":47,"code":32288,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[52,32290,32291,32309],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32292,32293,32295,32297,32299,32301,32303,32305,32307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32294,16635],{"class":123},[55,32296,2573],{"class":69},[55,32298,2889],{"class":73},[55,32300,7516],{"class":77},[55,32302,2889],{"class":73},[55,32304,83],{"class":69},[55,32306,8903],{"class":130},[55,32308,282],{"class":69},[55,32310,32311,32313,32315,32317,32319,32321,32323,32325,32327,32329,32331,32333],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32312,16635],{"class":123},[55,32314,2573],{"class":69},[55,32316,2889],{"class":73},[55,32318,7516],{"class":77},[55,32320,2889],{"class":73},[55,32322,83],{"class":69},[55,32324,8903],{"class":130},[55,32326,83],{"class":69},[55,32328,2884],{"class":73},[55,32330,30241],{"class":77},[55,32332,2889],{"class":73},[55,32334,282],{"class":69},[14,32336,32337,32338,198],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[52,32339,32340],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[45,32342,32344],{"className":47,"code":32343,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[52,32345,32346,32382,32401,32405],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32347,32348,32350,32352,32354,32356,32358,32360,32362,32364,32366,32368,32370,32372,32374,32376,32378,32380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32349,12802],{"class":61},[55,32351,66],{"class":65},[55,32353,10088],{"class":69},[55,32355,74],{"class":73},[55,32357,7263],{"class":77},[55,32359,74],{"class":73},[55,32361,854],{"class":69},[55,32363,86],{"class":73},[55,32365,7516],{"class":77},[55,32367,74],{"class":73},[55,32369,83],{"class":69},[55,32371,86],{"class":73},[55,32373,8896],{"class":77},[55,32375,74],{"class":73},[55,32377,854],{"class":69},[55,32379,8903],{"class":130},[55,32381,8906],{"class":69},[55,32383,32384,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395,32397,32399],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32385,32386],{"class":61},"values_list ",[55,32388,66],{"class":65},[55,32390,22156],{"class":850},[55,32392,120],{"class":69},[55,32394,16905],{"class":123},[55,32396,198],{"class":69},[55,32398,4951],{"class":123},[55,32400,6788],{"class":69},[55,32402,32403],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,32404,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32406,32407,32409,32411,32414],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,32408,117],{"class":116},[55,32410,120],{"class":69},[55,32412,32413],{"class":123},"values_list",[55,32415,103],{"class":69},[14,32417,314],{},[45,32419,32421],{"className":47,"code":32420,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Mia', 25]\n",[52,32422,32423],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32424,32425,32427,32429,32431,32433,32435,32437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32426,127],{"class":69},[55,32428,2889],{"class":73},[55,32430,7516],{"class":77},[55,32432,2889],{"class":73},[55,32434,83],{"class":69},[55,32436,8903],{"class":130},[55,32438,386],{"class":69},[37,32440,11073],{"id":11072},[14,32442,32443],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[45,32445,32447],{"className":47,"code":32446,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,32448,32449,32503,32507,32521,32525,32535],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32450,32451,32453,32455,32457,32459,32461,32463,32465,32467,32469,32471,32473,32475,32477,32479,32481,32484,32486,32488,32491,32493,32495,32497,32499,32501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32452,24393],{"class":61},[55,32454,66],{"class":65},[55,32456,10088],{"class":69},[55,32458,74],{"class":73},[55,32460,24402],{"class":77},[55,32462,74],{"class":73},[55,32464,854],{"class":69},[55,32466,86],{"class":73},[55,32468,24411],{"class":77},[55,32470,74],{"class":73},[55,32472,83],{"class":69},[55,32474,86],{"class":73},[55,32476,24420],{"class":77},[55,32478,74],{"class":73},[55,32480,854],{"class":69},[55,32482,32483],{"class":130}," 2022",[55,32485,83],{"class":69},[55,32487,86],{"class":73},[55,32489,32490],{"class":77},"color",[55,32492,74],{"class":73},[55,32494,854],{"class":69},[55,32496,86],{"class":73},[55,32498,98],{"class":77},[55,32500,74],{"class":73},[55,32502,8906],{"class":69},[55,32504,32505],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32506,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32508,32509,32511,32513,32515,32517,32519],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,32510,1814],{"class":61},[55,32512,66],{"class":65},[55,32514,24442],{"class":61},[55,32516,198],{"class":69},[55,32518,4951],{"class":123},[55,32520,8239],{"class":69},[55,32522,32523],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,32524,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32526,32527,32529,32531,32533],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,32528,117],{"class":116},[55,32530,120],{"class":69},[55,32532,1849],{"class":123},[55,32534,103],{"class":69},[55,32536,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,32538,117],{"class":116},[55,32540,120],{"class":69},[55,32542,7688],{"class":850},[55,32544,120],{"class":69},[55,32546,1849],{"class":123},[55,32548,1357],{"class":69},[14,32550,314],{},[45,32552,32554],{"className":47,"code":32553,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[52,32555,32556,32582],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32557,32558,32560,32562,32564,32566,32568,32570,32572,32574,32576,32578,32580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32559,16635],{"class":123},[55,32561,2573],{"class":69},[55,32563,2889],{"class":73},[55,32565,24411],{"class":77},[55,32567,2889],{"class":73},[55,32569,83],{"class":69},[55,32571,32483],{"class":130},[55,32573,83],{"class":69},[55,32575,2884],{"class":73},[55,32577,98],{"class":77},[55,32579,2889],{"class":73},[55,32581,282],{"class":69},[55,32583,32584,32586,32588,32590,32592,32594,32596,32598,32600,32602,32604],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32585,127],{"class":69},[55,32587,2889],{"class":73},[55,32589,24411],{"class":77},[55,32591,2889],{"class":73},[55,32593,83],{"class":69},[55,32595,32483],{"class":130},[55,32597,83],{"class":69},[55,32599,2884],{"class":73},[55,32601,98],{"class":77},[55,32603,2889],{"class":73},[55,32605,386],{"class":69},[14,32607,11282],{},[21,32609,32610,32616,32622,32630],{},[24,32611,32612,32615],{},[52,32613,32614],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[24,32617,32618,32621],{},[52,32619,32620],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[24,32623,32624,32627,32628,24214],{},[52,32625,32626],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[52,32629,16635],{},[24,32631,32632,32635],{},[52,32633,32634],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[37,32637,32639],{"id":32638},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[14,32641,32642,32643,25661],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[52,32644,5551],{},[45,32646,32648],{"className":47,"code":32647,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[52,32649,32650,32694,32698,32714],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32651,32652,32654,32656,32658,32660,32662,32664,32666,32668,32670,32672,32674,32676,32678,32680,32682,32684,32686,32688,32690,32692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32653,4654],{"class":61},[55,32655,66],{"class":65},[55,32657,10088],{"class":69},[55,32659,74],{"class":73},[55,32661,18014],{"class":77},[55,32663,74],{"class":73},[55,32665,854],{"class":69},[55,32667,19495],{"class":130},[55,32669,83],{"class":69},[55,32671,86],{"class":73},[55,32673,30751],{"class":77},[55,32675,74],{"class":73},[55,32677,854],{"class":69},[55,32679,13103],{"class":130},[55,32681,83],{"class":69},[55,32683,86],{"class":73},[55,32685,18023],{"class":77},[55,32687,74],{"class":73},[55,32689,854],{"class":69},[55,32691,28517],{"class":130},[55,32693,8906],{"class":69},[55,32695,32696],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32697,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32699,32700,32702,32704,32706,32708,32710,32712],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,32701,5551],{"class":959},[55,32703,21181],{"class":61},[55,32705,3474],{"class":959},[55,32707,4701],{"class":61},[55,32709,198],{"class":69},[55,32711,4951],{"class":123},[55,32713,21192],{"class":69},[55,32715,32716,32718,32720,32722],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,32717,985],{"class":116},[55,32719,120],{"class":69},[55,32721,2058],{"class":123},[55,32723,103],{"class":69},[14,32725,314],{},[45,32727,32729],{"className":47,"code":32728,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"90\n85\n88\n",[52,32730,32731,32736,32741],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32732,32733],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32734,32735],{"class":130},"90\n",[55,32737,32738],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32739,32740],{"class":130},"85\n",[55,32742,32743],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,32744,32745],{"class":130},"88\n",[14,32747,17307],{},[21,32749,32750,32753,32756],{},[24,32751,32752],{},"You only need the values",[24,32754,32755],{},"You do not care about the keys",[24,32757,32758],{},"You want simpler code",[14,32760,32761,32762,2465,32766,198],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[194,32763,10335,32764,10339],{"href":16673},[52,32765,16676],{},[194,32767,22072],{"href":32768},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[37,32770,32772],{"id":32771},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[14,32774,1440,32775,32777],{},[52,32776,32340],{}," when you need a list.",[45,32779,32781],{"className":47,"code":32780,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[52,32782,32783,32829,32833,32853,32857,32868],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32784,32785,32788,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804,32806,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32821,32823,32825,32827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32786,32787],{"class":61},"fruit_prices ",[55,32789,66],{"class":65},[55,32791,10088],{"class":69},[55,32793,74],{"class":73},[55,32795,407],{"class":77},[55,32797,74],{"class":73},[55,32799,854],{"class":69},[55,32801,976],{"class":130},[55,32803,83],{"class":69},[55,32805,86],{"class":73},[55,32807,416],{"class":77},[55,32809,74],{"class":73},[55,32811,854],{"class":69},[55,32813,5090],{"class":130},[55,32815,83],{"class":69},[55,32817,86],{"class":73},[55,32819,32820],{"class":77},"orange",[55,32822,74],{"class":73},[55,32824,854],{"class":69},[55,32826,2036],{"class":130},[55,32828,8906],{"class":69},[55,32830,32831],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32832,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32834,32835,32838,32840,32842,32844,32847,32849,32851],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,32836,32837],{"class":61},"price_list ",[55,32839,66],{"class":65},[55,32841,22156],{"class":850},[55,32843,120],{"class":69},[55,32845,32846],{"class":123},"fruit_prices",[55,32848,198],{"class":69},[55,32850,4951],{"class":123},[55,32852,6788],{"class":69},[55,32854,32855],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,32856,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,32858,32859,32861,32863,32866],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,32860,117],{"class":116},[55,32862,120],{"class":69},[55,32864,32865],{"class":123},"price_list",[55,32867,103],{"class":69},[55,32869,32870,32872,32874,32876,32878,32880],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,32871,117],{"class":116},[55,32873,120],{"class":69},[55,32875,32865],{"class":123},[55,32877,127],{"class":69},[55,32879,131],{"class":130},[55,32881,282],{"class":69},[14,32883,314],{},[45,32885,32887],{"className":47,"code":32886,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[52,32888,32889,32905],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32890,32891,32893,32895,32897,32899,32901,32903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32892,127],{"class":69},[55,32894,309],{"class":130},[55,32896,83],{"class":69},[55,32898,5090],{"class":130},[55,32900,83],{"class":69},[55,32902,2036],{"class":130},[55,32904,386],{"class":69},[55,32906,32907],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,32908,16654],{"class":130},[14,32910,32911],{},"This is helpful for:",[21,32913,32914,32917,32920],{},[24,32915,32916],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[24,32918,32919],{},"Accessing values by index",[24,32921,32922],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[14,32924,3515,32925,32927],{},[52,32926,16635],{}," is not the same as a list.",[37,32929,32931,10183,32933,10183,32935],{"id":32930},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[52,32932,16669],{},[52,32934,16663],{},[52,32936,16676],{},[14,32938,32939],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[21,32941,32942,32947,32952],{},[24,32943,32944,32946],{},[52,32945,16669],{}," returns only the values",[24,32948,32949,32951],{},[52,32950,16663],{}," returns only the keys",[24,32953,32954,32956],{},[52,32955,16676],{}," returns key-value pairs",[14,32958,1708],{},[45,32960,32962],{"className":47,"code":32961,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[52,32963,32964,33000,33004,33018,33032],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,32965,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,32967,12464],{"class":61},[55,32969,66],{"class":65},[55,32971,10088],{"class":69},[55,32973,74],{"class":73},[55,32975,7263],{"class":77},[55,32977,74],{"class":73},[55,32979,854],{"class":69},[55,32981,86],{"class":73},[55,32983,645],{"class":77},[55,32985,74],{"class":73},[55,32987,83],{"class":69},[55,32989,86],{"class":73},[55,32991,8896],{"class":77},[55,32993,74],{"class":73},[55,32995,854],{"class":69},[55,32997,255],{"class":130},[55,32999,8906],{"class":69},[55,33001,33002],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33003,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,33005,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33007,117],{"class":116},[55,33009,120],{"class":69},[55,33011,13222],{"class":123},[55,33013,198],{"class":69},[55,33015,16521],{"class":123},[55,33017,6788],{"class":69},[55,33019,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,33021,117],{"class":116},[55,33023,120],{"class":69},[55,33025,13222],{"class":123},[55,33027,198],{"class":69},[55,33029,4951],{"class":123},[55,33031,6788],{"class":69},[55,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,33035,117],{"class":116},[55,33037,120],{"class":69},[55,33039,13222],{"class":123},[55,33041,198],{"class":69},[55,33043,7404],{"class":123},[55,33045,6788],{"class":69},[14,33047,314],{},[45,33049,33051],{"className":47,"code":33050,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[52,33052,33053,33075,33093],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33054,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33056,16612],{"class":123},[55,33058,2573],{"class":69},[55,33060,2889],{"class":73},[55,33062,7263],{"class":77},[55,33064,2889],{"class":73},[55,33066,83],{"class":69},[55,33068,2884],{"class":73},[55,33070,8896],{"class":77},[55,33072,2889],{"class":73},[55,33074,282],{"class":69},[55,33076,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33078,16635],{"class":123},[55,33080,2573],{"class":69},[55,33082,2889],{"class":73},[55,33084,645],{"class":77},[55,33086,2889],{"class":73},[55,33088,83],{"class":69},[55,33090,255],{"class":130},[55,33092,282],{"class":69},[55,33094,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105,33107,33109],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33096,21505],{"class":123},[55,33098,9255],{"class":69},[55,33100,2889],{"class":73},[55,33102,7263],{"class":77},[55,33104,2889],{"class":73},[55,33106,83],{"class":69},[55,33108,255],{"class":130},[55,33110,10277],{"class":69},[14,33112,18292],{},[21,33114,33115,33122,33129],{},[24,33116,33117,33121],{},[194,33118,33119],{"href":16660},[52,33120,16663],{}," when you need just the keys",[24,33123,33124,33128],{},[194,33125,33126],{"href":16666},[52,33127,16669],{}," when you need just the values",[24,33130,33131,33135],{},[194,33132,33133],{"href":16673},[52,33134,16676],{}," when you need both",[37,33137,4109],{"id":4108},[14,33139,33140,33141,198],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[52,33142,16669],{},[1425,33144,29247,33146,33148],{"id":33145},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[52,33147,16669],{}," on the wrong type",[14,33150,33151,33153],{},[52,33152,16669],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[14,33155,16241],{},[45,33157,33159],{"className":47,"code":33158,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[52,33160,33161,33181],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33162,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33164,7903],{"class":61},[55,33166,66],{"class":65},[55,33168,3211],{"class":69},[55,33170,152],{"class":130},[55,33172,83],{"class":69},[55,33174,976],{"class":130},[55,33176,83],{"class":69},[55,33178,2036],{"class":130},[55,33180,386],{"class":69},[55,33182,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33184,117],{"class":116},[55,33186,120],{"class":69},[55,33188,7934],{"class":123},[55,33190,198],{"class":69},[55,33192,4951],{"class":123},[55,33194,6788],{"class":69},[14,33196,33197,33198,33200],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[52,33199,16669],{}," method.",[14,33202,33203],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[45,33205,33207],{"className":47,"code":33206,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(my_list))\n",[52,33208,33209],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33210,33211,33213,33215,33217,33219,33221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33212,117],{"class":116},[55,33214,120],{"class":69},[55,33216,1396],{"class":850},[55,33218,120],{"class":69},[55,33220,7934],{"class":123},[55,33222,1357],{"class":69},[14,33224,33225,33226,33228,33229,198],{},"If you get an ",[52,33227,25269],{},", see ",[194,33230,1002,33231,33233],{"href":25276},[52,33232,25279],{}," errors",[1425,33235,4170,33237,33239],{"id":33236},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[52,33238,16669],{}," returns a list",[14,33241,33242],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[45,33244,33246],{"className":47,"code":33245,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[52,33247,33248,33284,33298,33302],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33249,33250,33252,33254,33256,33258,33260,33262,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33251,12464],{"class":61},[55,33253,66],{"class":65},[55,33255,10088],{"class":69},[55,33257,74],{"class":73},[55,33259,7263],{"class":77},[55,33261,74],{"class":73},[55,33263,854],{"class":69},[55,33265,86],{"class":73},[55,33267,645],{"class":77},[55,33269,74],{"class":73},[55,33271,83],{"class":69},[55,33273,86],{"class":73},[55,33275,8896],{"class":77},[55,33277,74],{"class":73},[55,33279,854],{"class":69},[55,33281,255],{"class":130},[55,33283,8906],{"class":69},[55,33285,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33287,3413],{"class":61},[55,33289,66],{"class":65},[55,33291,12506],{"class":61},[55,33293,198],{"class":69},[55,33295,4951],{"class":123},[55,33297,8239],{"class":69},[55,33299,33300],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33301,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,33303,33304,33306,33308,33310,33312,33314],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,33305,117],{"class":116},[55,33307,120],{"class":69},[55,33309,1396],{"class":850},[55,33311,120],{"class":69},[55,33313,4951],{"class":123},[55,33315,1357],{"class":69},[14,33317,314],{},[45,33319,33321],{"className":47,"code":33320,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[52,33322,33323],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33324,33325,33327,33329,33331,33333,33335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33326,2878],{"class":65},[55,33328,2881],{"class":1648},[55,33330,2884],{"class":73},[55,33332,16635],{"class":77},[55,33334,2889],{"class":73},[55,33336,2892],{"class":65},[14,33338,4739,33339,33341],{},[52,33340,16635],{},", not a list.",[14,33343,33344],{},"If you need a list:",[45,33346,33348],{"className":47,"code":33347,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = list(student.values())\n",[52,33349,33350],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33351,33352,33354,33356,33358,33360,33362,33364,33366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33353,3413],{"class":61},[55,33355,66],{"class":65},[55,33357,22156],{"class":850},[55,33359,120],{"class":69},[55,33361,13222],{"class":123},[55,33363,198],{"class":69},[55,33365,4951],{"class":123},[55,33367,6788],{"class":69},[1425,33369,33371,33372],{"id":33370},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[52,33373,16635],{},[14,33375,33376],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[45,33378,33380],{"className":47,"code":33379,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[52,33381,33382,33418,33432,33436],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33383,33384,33386,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33385,12464],{"class":61},[55,33387,66],{"class":65},[55,33389,10088],{"class":69},[55,33391,74],{"class":73},[55,33393,7263],{"class":77},[55,33395,74],{"class":73},[55,33397,854],{"class":69},[55,33399,86],{"class":73},[55,33401,645],{"class":77},[55,33403,74],{"class":73},[55,33405,83],{"class":69},[55,33407,86],{"class":73},[55,33409,8896],{"class":77},[55,33411,74],{"class":73},[55,33413,854],{"class":69},[55,33415,255],{"class":130},[55,33417,8906],{"class":69},[55,33419,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33421,3413],{"class":61},[55,33423,66],{"class":65},[55,33425,12506],{"class":61},[55,33427,198],{"class":69},[55,33429,4951],{"class":123},[55,33431,8239],{"class":69},[55,33433,33434],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33435,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,33437,33438],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,33439,33440],{"class":137},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[14,33442,33443],{},"Convert to a list first:",[45,33445,33447],{"className":47,"code":33446,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[52,33448,33449,33485,33503,33507],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33450,33451,33453,33455,33457,33459,33461,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33452,12464],{"class":61},[55,33454,66],{"class":65},[55,33456,10088],{"class":69},[55,33458,74],{"class":73},[55,33460,7263],{"class":77},[55,33462,74],{"class":73},[55,33464,854],{"class":69},[55,33466,86],{"class":73},[55,33468,645],{"class":77},[55,33470,74],{"class":73},[55,33472,83],{"class":69},[55,33474,86],{"class":73},[55,33476,8896],{"class":77},[55,33478,74],{"class":73},[55,33480,854],{"class":69},[55,33482,255],{"class":130},[55,33484,8906],{"class":69},[55,33486,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497,33499,33501],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33488,3413],{"class":61},[55,33490,66],{"class":65},[55,33492,22156],{"class":850},[55,33494,120],{"class":69},[55,33496,13222],{"class":123},[55,33498,198],{"class":69},[55,33500,4951],{"class":123},[55,33502,6788],{"class":69},[55,33504,33505],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33506,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,33508,33509,33511,33513,33515,33517,33519],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,33510,117],{"class":116},[55,33512,120],{"class":69},[55,33514,4951],{"class":123},[55,33516,127],{"class":69},[55,33518,131],{"class":130},[55,33520,282],{"class":69},[1425,33522,8012,33524,1309,33526],{"id":33523},"using-values-instead-of-values",[52,33525,4951],{},[52,33527,16669],{},[14,33529,33530],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[45,33532,33534],{"className":47,"code":33533,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[52,33535,33536,33572,33576],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33537,33538,33540,33542,33544,33546,33548,33550,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33539,12464],{"class":61},[55,33541,66],{"class":65},[55,33543,10088],{"class":69},[55,33545,74],{"class":73},[55,33547,7263],{"class":77},[55,33549,74],{"class":73},[55,33551,854],{"class":69},[55,33553,86],{"class":73},[55,33555,645],{"class":77},[55,33557,74],{"class":73},[55,33559,83],{"class":69},[55,33561,86],{"class":73},[55,33563,8896],{"class":77},[55,33565,74],{"class":73},[55,33567,854],{"class":69},[55,33569,255],{"class":130},[55,33571,8906],{"class":69},[55,33573,33574],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33575,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,33577,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33579,117],{"class":116},[55,33581,120],{"class":69},[55,33583,13222],{"class":123},[55,33585,198],{"class":69},[55,33587,4951],{"class":24347},[55,33589,103],{"class":69},[14,33591,33592,33595],{},[52,33593,33594],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[14,33597,18292],{},[45,33599,33601],{"className":47,"code":33600,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(student.values())\n",[52,33602,33603],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33604,33605,33607,33609,33611,33613,33615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33606,117],{"class":116},[55,33608,120],{"class":69},[55,33610,13222],{"class":123},[55,33612,198],{"class":69},[55,33614,4951],{"class":123},[55,33616,6788],{"class":69},[1425,33618,33620],{"id":33619},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[14,33622,33623],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[45,33625,33627],{"className":47,"code":33626,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[52,33628,33629,33661],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33630,33631,33633,33635,33637,33639,33641,33643,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33632,8763],{"class":61},[55,33634,66],{"class":65},[55,33636,10088],{"class":69},[55,33638,74],{"class":73},[55,33640,194],{"class":77},[55,33642,74],{"class":73},[55,33644,854],{"class":69},[55,33646,5090],{"class":130},[55,33648,83],{"class":69},[55,33650,86],{"class":73},[55,33652,786],{"class":77},[55,33654,74],{"class":73},[55,33656,854],{"class":69},[55,33658,976],{"class":130},[55,33660,8906],{"class":69},[55,33662,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33664,117],{"class":116},[55,33666,120],{"class":69},[55,33668,8802],{"class":123},[55,33670,198],{"class":69},[55,33672,4951],{"class":123},[55,33674,6788],{"class":69},[14,33676,33677],{},"Not like this:",[45,33679,33681],{"className":47,"code":33680,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[52,33682,33683,33688,33693],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33684,33685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33686,33687],{"class":137},"# Wrong examples:\n",[55,33689,33690],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33691,33692],{"class":137},"# data().values()\n",[55,33694,33695],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33696,33697],{"class":137},"# values(data)\n",[14,33699,2929],{},[45,33701,33703],{"className":47,"code":33702,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[52,33704,33705,33719,33729,33743],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33706,33707,33709,33711,33713,33715,33717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33708,117],{"class":116},[55,33710,120],{"class":69},[55,33712,1396],{"class":850},[55,33714,120],{"class":69},[55,33716,11048],{"class":123},[55,33718,1357],{"class":69},[55,33720,33721,33723,33725,33727],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33722,117],{"class":116},[55,33724,120],{"class":69},[55,33726,11048],{"class":123},[55,33728,103],{"class":69},[55,33730,33731,33733,33735,33737,33739,33741],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,33732,117],{"class":116},[55,33734,120],{"class":69},[55,33736,11048],{"class":123},[55,33738,198],{"class":69},[55,33740,4951],{"class":123},[55,33742,6788],{"class":69},[55,33744,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,33746,117],{"class":116},[55,33748,120],{"class":69},[55,33750,7688],{"class":850},[55,33752,120],{"class":69},[55,33754,11048],{"class":123},[55,33756,198],{"class":69},[55,33758,4951],{"class":123},[55,33760,5884],{"class":69},[37,33762,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,33764,4733,33766,4736],{"id":33765},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[52,33767,31919],{},[14,33769,17020,33770,33772],{},[52,33771,16635],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[1425,33774,12304,33776,23528],{"id":33775},"does-values-return-a-list",[52,33777,16669],{},[14,33779,23531,33780,23535],{},[52,33781,33782],{},"list(...)",[1425,33784,25653,33786,2078],{"id":33785},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[52,33787,31919],{},[14,33789,33790,33791,25661],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[52,33792,5551],{},[1425,33794,12304,33796,33798],{"id":33795},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[52,33797,31919],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[14,33800,33801],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[1425,33803,33805,33806,33808,33809,2078],{"id":33804},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[52,33807,16669],{}," different from ",[52,33810,16676],{},[14,33812,33813,33815,33816,33818],{},[52,33814,16669],{}," returns only values. ",[52,33817,16676],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[37,33820,1495],{"id":1494},[21,33822,33823,33829,33835,33839,33845,33849],{},[24,33824,33825],{},[194,33826,10335,33827,10339],{"href":16660},[52,33828,16663],{},[24,33830,33831],{},[194,33832,10335,33833,10339],{"href":16673},[52,33834,16676],{},[24,33836,33837],{},[194,33838,10840],{"href":8988},[24,33840,33841],{},[194,33842,33844],{"href":33843},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[24,33846,33847],{},[194,33848,23613],{"href":32768},[24,33850,33851],{},[194,33852,29945,33853],{"href":25276},[52,33854,33855],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1524,33857,33858],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":33860},[33861,33862,33864,33865,33867,33868,33869,33870,33872,33883,33895],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":32089,"depth":106,"text":33863},"What values() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":32159,"depth":106,"text":33866},"What values() returns",{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":32638,"depth":106,"text":32639},{"id":32771,"depth":106,"text":32772},{"id":32930,"depth":106,"text":33871},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":33873},[33874,33876,33878,33880,33882],{"id":33145,"depth":113,"text":33875},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33236,"depth":113,"text":33877},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33370,"depth":113,"text":33879},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33523,"depth":113,"text":33881},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33619,"depth":113,"text":33620},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":33884},[33885,33887,33889,33891,33893],{"id":33765,"depth":113,"text":33886},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33775,"depth":113,"text":33888},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33785,"depth":113,"text":33890},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33795,"depth":113,"text":33892},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33804,"depth":113,"text":33894},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31906,"description":33896},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33902,"title":33903,"body":33904,"description":35334,"extension":1546,"meta":35335,"navigation":109,"path":35336,"seo":35337,"stem":35338,"__hash__":35339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33905,"toc":35286},[33906,33912,33917,33920,33936,33945,33947,33979,33985,33988,34082,34085,34090,34095,34098,34109,34111,34125,34131,34133,34138,34144,34147,34186,34194,34199,34202,34247,34250,34262,34268,34274,34278,34311,34314,34332,34335,34339,34378,34380,34400,34403,34415,34420,34426,34429,34484,34487,34498,34501,34512,34515,34519,34525,34527,34557,34560,34575,34578,34581,34600,34603,34619,34628,34630,34661,34667,34672,34675,34682,34713,34716,34738,34741,34744,34758,34762,34793,34808,34815,34822,34826,34834,34838,34846,34849,34898,34909,34911,34914,34920,34925,34935,34939,34942,34945,34949,34952,34954,34975,34979,34985,34996,35002,35004,35010,35034,35037,35100,35103,35131,35134,35196,35198,35203,35206,35213,35221,35228,35231,35239,35245,35247,35274,35283],[10,33907,3165,33909,3169],{"id":33908},"python-dir-function-explained",[52,33910,33911],{},"dir()",[14,33913,31916,33914,33916],{},[52,33915,33911],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[14,33918,33919],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[21,33921,33922,33925,33928,33933],{},[24,33923,33924],{},"learning Python",[24,33926,33927],{},"exploring a new object",[24,33929,33930,33931],{},"debugging an ",[52,33932,25269],{},[24,33934,33935],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[14,33937,33938,33939,33941,33942],{},"In short, ",[52,33940,33911],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3332,33943,33944],{},"“What can I use here?”",[37,33946,1588],{"id":1587},[45,33948,33950],{"className":47,"code":33949,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[52,33951,33952,33964],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33953,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33955,7471],{"class":61},[55,33957,66],{"class":65},[55,33959,86],{"class":73},[55,33961,3436],{"class":77},[55,33963,1288],{"class":73},[55,33965,33966,33968,33970,33973,33975,33977],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,33967,117],{"class":116},[55,33969,120],{"class":69},[55,33971,33972],{"class":116},"dir",[55,33974,120],{"class":69},[55,33976,7263],{"class":123},[55,33978,1357],{"class":69},[14,33980,1440,33981,33984],{},[52,33982,33983],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[14,33986,33987],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[45,33989,33991],{"className":47,"code":33990,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[52,33992,33993],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,33994,33995,33997,33999,34002,34004,34006,34008,34011,34013,34015,34017,34020,34022,34024,34026,34029,34031,34033,34035,34038,34040,34042,34044,34047,34049,34051,34054,34056,34058,34060,34062,34064,34066,34069,34071,34073,34075,34078,34080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,33996,127],{"class":69},[55,33998,2889],{"class":73},[55,34000,34001],{"class":77},"__add__",[55,34003,2889],{"class":73},[55,34005,83],{"class":69},[55,34007,2884],{"class":73},[55,34009,34010],{"class":77},"__class__",[55,34012,2889],{"class":73},[55,34014,83],{"class":69},[55,34016,2884],{"class":73},[55,34018,34019],{"class":77},"__contains__",[55,34021,2889],{"class":73},[55,34023,83],{"class":69},[55,34025,2884],{"class":73},[55,34027,34028],{"class":77},"__delattr__",[55,34030,2889],{"class":73},[55,34032,83],{"class":69},[55,34034,2884],{"class":73},[55,34036,34037],{"class":77},"__dir__",[55,34039,2889],{"class":73},[55,34041,83],{"class":69},[55,34043,2884],{"class":73},[55,34045,34046],{"class":77},"__doc__",[55,34048,2889],{"class":73},[55,34050,83],{"class":69},[55,34052,34053],{"class":844}," ...",[55,34055,83],{"class":69},[55,34057,2884],{"class":73},[55,34059,8236],{"class":77},[55,34061,2889],{"class":73},[55,34063,83],{"class":69},[55,34065,2884],{"class":73},[55,34067,34068],{"class":77},"split",[55,34070,2889],{"class":73},[55,34072,83],{"class":69},[55,34074,2884],{"class":73},[55,34076,34077],{"class":77},"upper",[55,34079,2889],{"class":73},[55,34081,386],{"class":69},[14,34083,34084],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[37,34086,3265,34088,3268],{"id":34087},"what-dir-does",[52,34089,33911],{},[14,34091,34092,34094],{},[52,34093,33911],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[14,34096,34097],{},"It usually includes:",[21,34099,34100,34103,34106],{},[24,34101,34102],{},"attributes",[24,34104,34105],{},"methods",[24,34107,34108],{},"special Python names",[14,34110,211],{},[21,34112,34113,34119,34122],{},[24,34114,34115,34116],{},"The result is a ",[3332,34117,34118],{},"list of strings",[24,34120,34121],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[24,34123,34124],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[14,34126,34127,34128,34130],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[52,34129,33911],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[37,34132,1740],{"id":1739},[14,34134,34135,34137],{},[52,34136,33911],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[1425,34139,34141,34143],{"id":34140},"dir-with-no-argument",[52,34142,33911],{}," with no argument",[14,34145,34146],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[45,34148,34150],{"className":47,"code":34149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[52,34151,34152,34160,34172,34176],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34153,34154,34156,34158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34155,2612],{"class":61},[55,34157,66],{"class":65},[55,34159,2174],{"class":130},[55,34161,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34163,7471],{"class":61},[55,34165,66],{"class":65},[55,34167,86],{"class":73},[55,34169,7272],{"class":77},[55,34171,1288],{"class":73},[55,34173,34174],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,34175,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,34177,34178,34180,34182,34184],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,34179,117],{"class":116},[55,34181,120],{"class":69},[55,34183,33972],{"class":116},[55,34185,6788],{"class":69},[14,34187,34188,34189,3983,34191,34193],{},"This will show names such as ",[52,34190,1757],{},[52,34192,7263],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[1425,34195,34197],{"id":34196},"dirobject",[52,34198,33983],{},[14,34200,34201],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[45,34203,34205],{"className":47,"code":34204,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[52,34206,34207,34225],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34208,34209,34211,34213,34215,34217,34219,34221,34223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34210,117],{"class":116},[55,34212,120],{"class":69},[55,34214,33972],{"class":116},[55,34216,120],{"class":69},[55,34218,74],{"class":73},[55,34220,3436],{"class":77},[55,34222,74],{"class":73},[55,34224,1357],{"class":69},[55,34226,34227,34229,34231,34233,34235,34237,34239,34241,34243,34245],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34228,117],{"class":116},[55,34230,120],{"class":69},[55,34232,33972],{"class":116},[55,34234,2573],{"class":69},[55,34236,152],{"class":130},[55,34238,83],{"class":69},[55,34240,976],{"class":130},[55,34242,83],{"class":69},[55,34244,2036],{"class":130},[55,34246,2586],{"class":69},[14,34248,34249],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[21,34251,34252,34254,34256,34259],{},[24,34253,4901],{},[24,34255,4892],{},[24,34257,34258],{},"modules",[24,34260,34261],{},"custom objects",[37,34263,8012,34265,34267],{"id":34264},"using-dir-with-a-value",[52,34266,33911],{}," with a value",[14,34269,34270,34271,34273],{},"A common use of ",[52,34272,33911],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[1425,34275,34277],{"id":34276},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[45,34279,34281],{"className":47,"code":34280,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[52,34282,34283,34296],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34284,34285,34288,34290,34292,34294],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34286,34287],{"class":61},"text ",[55,34289,66],{"class":65},[55,34291,86],{"class":73},[55,34293,3436],{"class":77},[55,34295,1288],{"class":73},[55,34297,34298,34300,34302,34304,34306,34309],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34299,117],{"class":116},[55,34301,120],{"class":69},[55,34303,33972],{"class":116},[55,34305,120],{"class":69},[55,34307,34308],{"class":123},"text",[55,34310,1357],{"class":69},[14,34312,34313],{},"You will see method names like:",[21,34315,34316,34320,34324,34328],{},[24,34317,34318],{},[52,34319,8236],{},[24,34321,34322],{},[52,34323,34077],{},[24,34325,34326],{},[52,34327,34068],{},[24,34329,34330],{},[52,34331,8230],{},[14,34333,34334],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[1425,34336,34338],{"id":34337},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[45,34340,34342],{"className":47,"code":34341,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[52,34343,34344,34364],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34345,34346,34348,34350,34352,34354,34356,34358,34360,34362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34347,243],{"class":61},[55,34349,66],{"class":65},[55,34351,3211],{"class":69},[55,34353,152],{"class":130},[55,34355,83],{"class":69},[55,34357,976],{"class":130},[55,34359,83],{"class":69},[55,34361,2036],{"class":130},[55,34363,386],{"class":69},[55,34365,34366,34368,34370,34372,34374,34376],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34367,117],{"class":116},[55,34369,120],{"class":69},[55,34371,33972],{"class":116},[55,34373,120],{"class":69},[55,34375,275],{"class":123},[55,34377,1357],{"class":69},[14,34379,34313],{},[21,34381,34382,34386,34390,34395],{},[24,34383,34384],{},[52,34385,13149],{},[24,34387,34388],{},[52,34389,25837],{},[24,34391,34392],{},[52,34393,34394],{},"remove",[24,34396,34397],{},[52,34398,34399],{},"sort",[14,34401,34402],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[14,34404,34405,34406,34411,34412,34414],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[194,34407,34409],{"href":34408},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[52,34410,1887],{}," can help first. Then ",[52,34413,33911],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[37,34416,8012,34418,34143],{"id":34417},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[52,34419,33911],{},[14,34421,34422,34423,34425],{},"When used with no argument, ",[52,34424,33911],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[14,34427,34428],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[45,34430,34432],{"className":47,"code":34431,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[52,34433,34434,34443,34447,34458,34470,34474],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34435,34436,34438,34440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34437,2612],{"class":61},[55,34439,66],{"class":65},[55,34441,34442],{"class":130}," 5\n",[55,34444,34445],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34446,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,34448,34449,34452,34456],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,34450,34451],{"class":1648},"def",[55,34453,34455],{"class":34454},"sGLFI"," greet",[55,34457,21192],{"class":69},[55,34459,34460,34463,34465,34468],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,34461,34462],{"class":959},"    return",[55,34464,86],{"class":73},[55,34466,34467],{"class":77},"Hello",[55,34469,1288],{"class":73},[55,34471,34472],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,34473,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,34475,34476,34478,34480,34482],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,34477,117],{"class":116},[55,34479,120],{"class":69},[55,34481,33972],{"class":116},[55,34483,6788],{"class":69},[14,34485,34486],{},"The output will include names like:",[21,34488,34489,34493],{},[24,34490,34491],{},[52,34492,1757],{},[24,34494,34495],{},[52,34496,34497],{},"greet",[14,34499,34500],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[21,34502,34503,34506,34509],{},[24,34504,34505],{},"what variables exist",[24,34507,34508],{},"what functions you have defined",[24,34510,34511],{},"what names are currently available",[14,34513,34514],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[37,34516,34518],{"id":34517},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[14,34520,34521,34522,34524],{},"When you first use ",[52,34523,33911],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[14,34526,233],{},[45,34528,34529],{"className":47,"code":34280,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,34530,34531,34543],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34532,34533,34535,34537,34539,34541],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34534,34287],{"class":61},[55,34536,66],{"class":65},[55,34538,86],{"class":73},[55,34540,3436],{"class":77},[55,34542,1288],{"class":73},[55,34544,34545,34547,34549,34551,34553,34555],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34546,117],{"class":116},[55,34548,120],{"class":69},[55,34550,33972],{"class":116},[55,34552,120],{"class":69},[55,34554,34308],{"class":123},[55,34556,1357],{"class":69},[14,34558,34559],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[21,34561,34562,34566,34570],{},[24,34563,34564],{},[52,34565,34010],{},[24,34567,34568],{},[52,34569,34046],{},[24,34571,34572],{},[52,34573,34574],{},"__len__",[14,34576,34577],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[14,34579,34580],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[21,34582,34583,34587,34591,34595],{},[24,34584,34585],{},[52,34586,34077],{},[24,34588,34589],{},[52,34590,8236],{},[24,34592,34593],{},[52,34594,34068],{},[24,34596,34597],{},[52,34598,34599],{},"replace",[14,34601,34602],{},"A key point to remember:",[21,34604,34605,34613],{},[24,34606,34607,34609,34610],{},[52,34608,33911],{}," lists ",[3332,34611,34612],{},"names only",[24,34614,34615,34616,34618],{},"it does ",[3332,34617,4222],{}," explain what each name does",[14,34620,34621,34622,198],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[194,34623,34625],{"href":34624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[52,34626,34627],{},"help()",[14,34629,5064],{},[45,34631,34633],{"className":47,"code":34632,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[52,34634,34635,34647],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34636,34637,34639,34641,34643,34645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34638,7471],{"class":61},[55,34640,66],{"class":65},[55,34642,86],{"class":73},[55,34644,3436],{"class":77},[55,34646,1288],{"class":73},[55,34648,34649,34651,34653,34655,34657,34659],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34650,31751],{"class":116},[55,34652,120],{"class":69},[55,34654,7263],{"class":123},[55,34656,198],{"class":69},[55,34658,34077],{"class":24347},[55,34660,103],{"class":69},[37,34662,34664,34666],{"id":34663},"dir-on-modules",[52,34665,33911],{}," on modules",[14,34668,15312,34669,34671],{},[52,34670,33911],{}," on modules after importing them.",[14,34673,34674],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[1425,34676,34678,34679,34681],{"id":34677},"example-math-module","Example: ",[52,34680,18014],{}," module",[45,34683,34685],{"className":47,"code":34684,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[52,34686,34687,34695,34699],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34688,34689,34692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34690,34691],{"class":959},"import",[55,34693,34694],{"class":61}," math\n",[55,34696,34697],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34698,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,34700,34701,34703,34705,34707,34709,34711],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,34702,117],{"class":116},[55,34704,120],{"class":69},[55,34706,33972],{"class":116},[55,34708,120],{"class":69},[55,34710,18014],{"class":123},[55,34712,1357],{"class":69},[14,34714,34715],{},"You may see names like:",[21,34717,34718,34723,34728,34733],{},[24,34719,34720],{},[52,34721,34722],{},"sqrt",[24,34724,34725],{},[52,34726,34727],{},"ceil",[24,34729,34730],{},[52,34731,34732],{},"floor",[24,34734,34735],{},[52,34736,34737],{},"pi",[14,34739,34740],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[14,34742,34743],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[21,34745,34746,34752],{},[24,34747,34748],{},[194,34749,34751],{"href":34750},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[24,34753,34754],{},[194,34755,34757],{"href":34756},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[1425,34759,34761],{"id":34760},"another-example","Another example",[45,34763,34765],{"className":47,"code":34764,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[52,34766,34767,34774,34778],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34768,34769,34771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34770,34691],{"class":959},[55,34772,34773],{"class":61}," json\n",[55,34775,34776],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34777,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,34779,34780,34782,34784,34786,34788,34791],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,34781,117],{"class":116},[55,34783,120],{"class":69},[55,34785,33972],{"class":116},[55,34787,120],{"class":69},[55,34789,34790],{"class":123},"json",[55,34792,1357],{"class":69},[14,34794,34795,34796,1773,34799,1773,34802,16670,34805,198],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[52,34797,34798],{},"dump",[52,34800,34801],{},"dumps",[52,34803,34804],{},"load",[52,34806,34807],{},"loads",[37,34809,34811,10183,34813],{"id":34810},"dir-vs-help",[52,34812,33911],{},[52,34814,34627],{},[14,34816,34817,3983,34819,34821],{},[52,34818,33911],{},[52,34820,34627],{}," are often used together.",[1425,34823,34824],{"id":33972},[52,34825,33911],{},[21,34827,34828,34831],{},[24,34829,34830],{},"shows available names",[24,34832,34833],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[1425,34835,34836],{"id":31751},[52,34837,34627],{},[21,34839,34840,34843],{},[24,34841,34842],{},"explains what an object or function does",[24,34844,34845],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[14,34847,34848],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[45,34850,34852],{"className":47,"code":34851,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[52,34853,34854,34866,34870,34884],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,34855,34856,34858,34860,34862,34864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,34857,7471],{"class":61},[55,34859,66],{"class":65},[55,34861,86],{"class":73},[55,34863,3436],{"class":77},[55,34865,1288],{"class":73},[55,34867,34868],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,34869,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,34871,34872,34874,34876,34878,34880,34882],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,34873,117],{"class":116},[55,34875,120],{"class":69},[55,34877,33972],{"class":116},[55,34879,120],{"class":69},[55,34881,7263],{"class":123},[55,34883,1357],{"class":69},[55,34885,34886,34888,34890,34892,34894,34896],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,34887,31751],{"class":116},[55,34889,120],{"class":69},[55,34891,7263],{"class":123},[55,34893,198],{"class":69},[55,34895,34077],{"class":24347},[55,34897,103],{"class":69},[14,34899,1440,34900,34902,34903,34905,34906,34908],{},[52,34901,33911],{}," first to find a method name.",[9443,34904],{},"\nThen use ",[52,34907,34627],{}," to understand how to use it.",[37,34910,24955],{"id":24954},[14,34912,34913],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[1425,34915,34917,34919],{"id":34916},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[52,34918,33911],{}," returns names, not values",[14,34921,34922,34924],{},[52,34923,33911],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[14,34926,34927,34928,34930,34931,34934],{},"For example, seeing ",[52,34929,34077],{}," in ",[52,34932,34933],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[1425,34936,34938],{"id":34937},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[14,34940,34941],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[14,34943,34944],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[1425,34946,34948],{"id":34947},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[14,34950,34951],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[14,34953,5064],{},[21,34955,34956,34961,34967],{},[24,34957,34958,34960],{},[52,34959,34933],{}," shows string-related names",[24,34962,34963,34966],{},[52,34964,34965],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[24,34968,34969,34972,34973,34681],{},[52,34970,34971],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[52,34974,18014],{},[1425,34976,34978],{"id":34977},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[14,34980,34981,34982,34984],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[52,34983,33911],{}," does not mean you already know:",[21,34986,34987,34990,34993],{},[24,34988,34989],{},"what it does",[24,34991,34992],{},"what arguments it needs",[24,34994,34995],{},"what it returns",[14,34997,34998,34999,35001],{},"That is why ",[52,35000,34627],{}," is the natural next step.",[37,35003,1298],{"id":1297},[14,35005,35006,35007,35009],{},"Beginners often use ",[52,35008,33911],{}," in these situations:",[21,35011,35012,35015,35024,35027],{},[24,35013,35014],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[24,35016,35017,35018,35023],{},"Seeing an ",[194,35019,35021],{"href":35020},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[52,35022,25269],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[24,35025,35026],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[24,35028,8012,35029,35031,35032],{},[52,35030,33911],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[52,35033,34627],{},[14,35035,35036],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[45,35038,35040],{"className":47,"code":35039,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[52,35041,35042,35054,35058,35072,35086],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35043,35044,35046,35048,35050,35052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35045,7471],{"class":61},[55,35047,66],{"class":65},[55,35049,86],{"class":73},[55,35051,3436],{"class":77},[55,35053,1288],{"class":73},[55,35055,35056],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35057,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,35059,35060,35062,35064,35066,35068,35070],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35061,117],{"class":116},[55,35063,120],{"class":69},[55,35065,1396],{"class":850},[55,35067,120],{"class":69},[55,35069,7263],{"class":123},[55,35071,1357],{"class":69},[55,35073,35074,35076,35078,35080,35082,35084],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,35075,117],{"class":116},[55,35077,120],{"class":69},[55,35079,33972],{"class":116},[55,35081,120],{"class":69},[55,35083,7263],{"class":123},[55,35085,1357],{"class":69},[55,35087,35088,35090,35092,35094,35096,35098],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,35089,31751],{"class":116},[55,35091,120],{"class":69},[55,35093,7263],{"class":123},[55,35095,198],{"class":69},[55,35097,34077],{"class":24347},[55,35099,103],{"class":69},[14,35101,35102],{},"And for modules:",[45,35104,35105],{"className":47,"code":34684,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,35106,35107,35113,35117],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35108,35109,35111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35110,34691],{"class":959},[55,35112,34694],{"class":61},[55,35114,35115],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35116,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,35118,35119,35121,35123,35125,35127,35129],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35120,117],{"class":116},[55,35122,120],{"class":69},[55,35124,33972],{"class":116},[55,35126,120],{"class":69},[55,35128,18014],{"class":123},[55,35130,1357],{"class":69},[14,35132,35133],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[45,35135,35137],{"className":47,"code":35136,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[52,35138,35139,35144,35156,35166,35180,35186],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35140,35141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35142,35143],{"class":61},"python\n",[55,35145,35146,35148,35150,35152,35154],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35147,7471],{"class":61},[55,35149,66],{"class":65},[55,35151,86],{"class":73},[55,35153,3436],{"class":77},[55,35155,1288],{"class":73},[55,35157,35158,35160,35162,35164],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35159,33972],{"class":116},[55,35161,120],{"class":69},[55,35163,7263],{"class":123},[55,35165,103],{"class":69},[55,35167,35168,35170,35172,35174,35176,35178],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,35169,31751],{"class":116},[55,35171,120],{"class":69},[55,35173,7263],{"class":123},[55,35175,198],{"class":69},[55,35177,34077],{"class":24347},[55,35179,103],{"class":69},[55,35181,35182,35184],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,35183,34691],{"class":959},[55,35185,34694],{"class":61},[55,35187,35188,35190,35192,35194],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,35189,33972],{"class":116},[55,35191,120],{"class":69},[55,35193,18014],{"class":123},[55,35195,103],{"class":69},[37,35197,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,35199,4733,35201,4736],{"id":35200},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[52,35202,33911],{},[14,35204,35205],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[1425,35207,4771,35209,3983,35211,2078],{"id":35208},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[52,35210,33911],{},[52,35212,34627],{},[14,35214,35215,35217,35218,35220],{},[52,35216,33911],{}," lists available names. ",[52,35219,34627],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[1425,35222,35224,35225,35227],{"id":35223},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[52,35226,33911],{}," output?",[14,35229,35230],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[1425,35232,4761,35234,35236,35237,2078],{"id":35233},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[52,35235,33911],{}," help fix ",[52,35238,25269],{},[14,35240,35241,35242,198],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[194,35243,35244],{"href":35020},"object has no attribute",[37,35246,1495],{"id":1494},[21,35248,35249,35255,35260,35264,35268],{},[24,35250,35251],{},[194,35252,3165,35253,3098],{"href":34624},[52,35254,34627],{},[24,35256,35257],{},[194,35258,35259],{"href":35020},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[24,35261,35262],{},[194,35263,34751],{"href":34750},[24,35265,35266],{},[194,35267,34757],{"href":34756},[24,35269,35270],{},[194,35271,3165,35272,3098],{"href":34408},[52,35273,1887],{},[14,35275,35276,35277,35279,35280,35282],{},"A good habit is to use ",[52,35278,33911],{}," together with ",[52,35281,34627],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1524,35284,35285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":35287},[35288,35289,35291,35296,35301,35303,35304,35310,35315,35322,35323,35333],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":34087,"depth":106,"text":35290},"What dir() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":35292},[35293,35295],{"id":34140,"depth":113,"text":35294},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34196,"depth":113,"text":33983},{"id":34264,"depth":106,"text":35297,"children":35298},"Using dir() with a value",[35299,35300],{"id":34276,"depth":113,"text":34277},{"id":34337,"depth":113,"text":34338},{"id":34417,"depth":106,"text":35302},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34517,"depth":106,"text":34518},{"id":34663,"depth":106,"text":35305,"children":35306},"dir() on modules",[35307,35309],{"id":34677,"depth":113,"text":35308},"Example: math module",{"id":34760,"depth":113,"text":34761},{"id":34810,"depth":106,"text":35311,"children":35312},"dir() vs help()",[35313,35314],{"id":33972,"depth":113,"text":33911},{"id":31751,"depth":113,"text":34627},{"id":24954,"depth":106,"text":24955,"children":35316},[35317,35319,35320,35321],{"id":34916,"depth":113,"text":35318},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34937,"depth":113,"text":34938},{"id":34947,"depth":113,"text":34948},{"id":34977,"depth":113,"text":34978},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":35324},[35325,35327,35329,35331],{"id":35200,"depth":113,"text":35326},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35208,"depth":113,"text":35328},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35223,"depth":113,"text":35330},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35233,"depth":113,"text":35332},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33903,"description":35334},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35341,"title":35342,"body":35343,"description":37156,"extension":1546,"meta":37157,"navigation":109,"path":37158,"seo":37159,"stem":37160,"__hash__":37161},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35344,"toc":37125},[35345,35351,35356,35359,35367,35373,35375,35454,35456,35482,35487,35492,35497,35500,35511,35514,35516,35593,35595,35621,35628,35630,35632,35657,35660,35673,35678,35680,35759,35761,35787,35796,35801,35809,35815,35822,35825,35827,35904,35907,35964,35966,36003,36009,36014,36019,36022,36036,36038,36141,36143,36186,36195,36205,36212,36218,36225,36308,36310,36333,36336,36339,36341,36345,36349,36352,36415,36438,36441,36445,36451,36453,36520,36523,36600,36605,36611,36614,36617,36663,36665,36689,36694,36698,36703,36709,36772,36775,36777,36780,36805,36808,36943,36945,37046,37048,37053,37056,37062,37072,37080,37085,37091,37097,37099,37122],[10,35346,3165,35348,3169],{"id":35347},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[52,35349,35350],{},"enumerate()",[14,35352,35353,35355],{},[52,35354,35350],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[14,35357,35358],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[21,35360,35361,35364],{},[24,35362,35363],{},"the item itself",[24,35365,35366],{},"its index in the loop",[14,35368,35369,35370,35372],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[52,35371,35350],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[37,35374,1588],{"id":1587},[45,35376,35378],{"className":47,"code":35377,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[52,35379,35380,35412,35416,35439],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35381,35382,35384,35386,35388,35390,35392,35394,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404,35406,35408,35410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35383,62],{"class":61},[55,35385,66],{"class":65},[55,35387,3211],{"class":69},[55,35389,74],{"class":73},[55,35391,78],{"class":77},[55,35393,74],{"class":73},[55,35395,83],{"class":69},[55,35397,86],{"class":73},[55,35399,89],{"class":77},[55,35401,74],{"class":73},[55,35403,83],{"class":69},[55,35405,86],{"class":73},[55,35407,98],{"class":77},[55,35409,74],{"class":73},[55,35411,386],{"class":69},[55,35413,35414],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35415,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,35417,35418,35420,35423,35425,35428,35430,35433,35435,35437],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35419,5551],{"class":959},[55,35421,35422],{"class":61}," index",[55,35424,83],{"class":69},[55,35426,35427],{"class":61}," color ",[55,35429,3474],{"class":959},[55,35431,35432],{"class":116}," enumerate",[55,35434,120],{"class":69},[55,35436,124],{"class":123},[55,35438,839],{"class":69},[55,35440,35441,35443,35445,35447,35449,35452],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,35442,985],{"class":116},[55,35444,120],{"class":69},[55,35446,383],{"class":123},[55,35448,83],{"class":69},[55,35450,35451],{"class":123}," color",[55,35453,103],{"class":69},[14,35455,314],{},[45,35457,35459],{"className":47,"code":35458,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[52,35460,35461,35468,35475],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35462,35463,35465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35464,131],{"class":130},[55,35466,35467],{"class":61}," red\n",[55,35469,35470,35472],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35471,152],{"class":130},[55,35473,35474],{"class":61}," green\n",[55,35476,35477,35479],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35478,309],{"class":130},[55,35480,35481],{"class":61}," blue\n",[14,35483,1440,35484,35486],{},[52,35485,35350],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[37,35488,3265,35490,3268],{"id":35489},"what-enumerate-does",[52,35491,35350],{},[14,35493,35494,35496],{},[52,35495,35350],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[14,35498,35499],{},"It is commonly used with:",[21,35501,35502,35504,35506,35508],{},[24,35503,4892],{},[24,35505,4895],{},[24,35507,4901],{},[24,35509,35510],{},"other iterable objects",[14,35512,35513],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[14,35515,233],{},[45,35517,35519],{"className":47,"code":35518,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[52,35520,35521,35553,35557,35578],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35522,35523,35525,35527,35529,35531,35533,35535,35537,35539,35541,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35524,636],{"class":61},[55,35526,66],{"class":65},[55,35528,3211],{"class":69},[55,35530,74],{"class":73},[55,35532,645],{"class":77},[55,35534,74],{"class":73},[55,35536,83],{"class":69},[55,35538,86],{"class":73},[55,35540,654],{"class":77},[55,35542,74],{"class":73},[55,35544,83],{"class":69},[55,35546,86],{"class":73},[55,35548,663],{"class":77},[55,35550,74],{"class":73},[55,35552,386],{"class":69},[55,35554,35555],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35556,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,35558,35559,35561,35563,35565,35568,35570,35572,35574,35576],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35560,5551],{"class":959},[55,35562,35422],{"class":61},[55,35564,83],{"class":69},[55,35566,35567],{"class":61}," name ",[55,35569,3474],{"class":959},[55,35571,35432],{"class":116},[55,35573,120],{"class":69},[55,35575,680],{"class":123},[55,35577,839],{"class":69},[55,35579,35580,35582,35584,35586,35588,35591],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,35581,985],{"class":116},[55,35583,120],{"class":69},[55,35585,383],{"class":123},[55,35587,83],{"class":69},[55,35589,35590],{"class":123}," name",[55,35592,103],{"class":69},[14,35594,314],{},[45,35596,35598],{"className":47,"code":35597,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[52,35599,35600,35607,35614],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35601,35602,35604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35603,131],{"class":130},[55,35605,35606],{"class":61}," Ana\n",[55,35608,35609,35611],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35610,152],{"class":130},[55,35612,35613],{"class":61}," Ben\n",[55,35615,35616,35618],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35617,309],{"class":130},[55,35619,35620],{"class":61}," Cara\n",[14,35622,35623,35624,198],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[194,35625,35627],{"href":35626},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[37,35629,1740],{"id":1739},[14,35631,1743],{},[45,35633,35635],{"className":47,"code":35634,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[52,35636,35637],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35638,35639,35642,35644,35646,35648,35651,35653,35655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35640,35641],{"class":116},"enumerate",[55,35643,120],{"class":69},[55,35645,3309],{"class":123},[55,35647,83],{"class":69},[55,35649,35650],{"class":8773}," start",[55,35652,66],{"class":65},[55,35654,131],{"class":130},[55,35656,103],{"class":69},[14,35658,35659],{},"It has two parts:",[21,35661,35662,35667],{},[24,35663,35664,35666],{},[52,35665,3309],{},": the object you want to loop through",[24,35668,35669,35672],{},[52,35670,35671],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[14,35674,35675,35676,198],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[52,35677,131],{},[14,35679,233],{},[45,35681,35683],{"className":47,"code":35682,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[52,35684,35685,35717,35721,35743],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35686,35687,35689,35691,35693,35695,35697,35699,35701,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35688,769],{"class":61},[55,35690,66],{"class":65},[55,35692,3211],{"class":69},[55,35694,74],{"class":73},[55,35696,194],{"class":77},[55,35698,74],{"class":73},[55,35700,83],{"class":69},[55,35702,86],{"class":73},[55,35704,786],{"class":77},[55,35706,74],{"class":73},[55,35708,83],{"class":69},[55,35710,86],{"class":73},[55,35712,795],{"class":77},[55,35714,74],{"class":73},[55,35716,386],{"class":69},[55,35718,35719],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35720,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,35722,35723,35725,35728,35730,35733,35735,35737,35739,35741],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35724,5551],{"class":959},[55,35726,35727],{"class":61}," i",[55,35729,83],{"class":69},[55,35731,35732],{"class":61}," letter ",[55,35734,3474],{"class":959},[55,35736,35432],{"class":116},[55,35738,120],{"class":69},[55,35740,812],{"class":123},[55,35742,839],{"class":69},[55,35744,35745,35747,35749,35752,35754,35757],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,35746,985],{"class":116},[55,35748,120],{"class":69},[55,35750,35751],{"class":123},"i",[55,35753,83],{"class":69},[55,35755,35756],{"class":123}," letter",[55,35758,103],{"class":69},[14,35760,314],{},[45,35762,35764],{"className":47,"code":35763,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[52,35765,35766,35773,35780],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35767,35768,35770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35769,131],{"class":130},[55,35771,35772],{"class":61}," a\n",[55,35774,35775,35777],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35776,152],{"class":130},[55,35778,35779],{"class":61}," b\n",[55,35781,35782,35784],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35783,309],{"class":130},[55,35785,35786],{"class":61}," c\n",[14,35788,35789,35790,198],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[194,35791,3165,35793,3098],{"href":35792},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[52,35794,35795],{},"range()",[37,35797,3265,35799,11304],{"id":35798},"what-enumerate-returns",[52,35800,35350],{},[14,35802,35803,35805,35806,198],{},[52,35804,35350],{}," returns an ",[3332,35807,35808],{},"enumerate object",[14,35810,35811,35812,35814],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[52,35813,5551],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[21,35816,35817],{},[24,35818,35819],{},[52,35820,35821],{},"(index, item)",[14,35823,35824],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[14,35826,233],{},[45,35828,35830],{"className":47,"code":35829,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[52,35831,35832,35864,35868,35889],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35833,35834,35836,35838,35840,35842,35844,35846,35848,35850,35852,35854,35856,35858,35860,35862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35835,398],{"class":61},[55,35837,66],{"class":65},[55,35839,3211],{"class":69},[55,35841,74],{"class":73},[55,35843,407],{"class":77},[55,35845,74],{"class":73},[55,35847,83],{"class":69},[55,35849,86],{"class":73},[55,35851,416],{"class":77},[55,35853,74],{"class":73},[55,35855,83],{"class":69},[55,35857,86],{"class":73},[55,35859,32820],{"class":77},[55,35861,74],{"class":73},[55,35863,386],{"class":69},[55,35865,35866],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35867,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,35869,35870,35872,35874,35876,35879,35881,35883,35885,35887],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35871,5551],{"class":959},[55,35873,35422],{"class":61},[55,35875,83],{"class":69},[55,35877,35878],{"class":61}," fruit ",[55,35880,3474],{"class":959},[55,35882,35432],{"class":116},[55,35884,120],{"class":69},[55,35886,442],{"class":123},[55,35888,839],{"class":69},[55,35890,35891,35893,35895,35897,35899,35902],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,35892,985],{"class":116},[55,35894,120],{"class":69},[55,35896,383],{"class":123},[55,35898,83],{"class":69},[55,35900,35901],{"class":123}," fruit",[55,35903,103],{"class":69},[14,35905,35906],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[45,35908,35910],{"className":47,"code":35909,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[52,35911,35912,35932,35936,35954],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35913,35914,35916,35918,35920,35922,35924,35926,35928,35930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35915,243],{"class":61},[55,35917,66],{"class":65},[55,35919,3211],{"class":69},[55,35921,250],{"class":130},[55,35923,83],{"class":69},[55,35925,255],{"class":130},[55,35927,83],{"class":69},[55,35929,260],{"class":130},[55,35931,386],{"class":69},[55,35933,35934],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,35935,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,35937,35938,35940,35942,35944,35946,35948,35950,35952],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,35939,1814],{"class":61},[55,35941,66],{"class":65},[55,35943,22156],{"class":850},[55,35945,120],{"class":69},[55,35947,35641],{"class":116},[55,35949,120],{"class":69},[55,35951,275],{"class":123},[55,35953,1357],{"class":69},[55,35955,35956,35958,35960,35962],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,35957,117],{"class":116},[55,35959,120],{"class":69},[55,35961,1849],{"class":123},[55,35963,103],{"class":69},[14,35965,314],{},[45,35967,35969],{"className":47,"code":35968,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[52,35970,35971],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,35972,35973,35975,35977,35979,35981,35983,35985,35987,35989,35991,35993,35995,35997,35999,36001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,35974,21337],{"class":69},[55,35976,131],{"class":130},[55,35978,83],{"class":69},[55,35980,5598],{"class":130},[55,35982,8831],{"class":69},[55,35984,70],{"class":69},[55,35986,152],{"class":130},[55,35988,83],{"class":69},[55,35990,255],{"class":130},[55,35992,8831],{"class":69},[55,35994,70],{"class":69},[55,35996,309],{"class":130},[55,35998,83],{"class":69},[55,36000,260],{"class":130},[55,36002,8846],{"class":69},[14,36004,36005,36006,36008],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[52,36007,35350],{}," produces.",[37,36010,4553,36012],{"id":36011},"when-to-use-enumerate",[52,36013,35350],{},[14,36015,1440,36016,36018],{},[52,36017,35350],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[14,36020,36021],{},"Common cases:",[21,36023,36024,36027,36030,36033],{},[24,36025,36026],{},"printing numbered output",[24,36028,36029],{},"building menus",[24,36031,36032],{},"showing positions in a list",[24,36034,36035],{},"looping over both index and value together",[14,36037,233],{},[45,36039,36041],{"className":47,"code":36040,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[52,36042,36043,36078,36082,36112],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36044,36045,36047,36049,36051,36053,36056,36058,36060,36062,36065,36067,36069,36071,36074,36076],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36046,29495],{"class":61},[55,36048,66],{"class":65},[55,36050,3211],{"class":69},[55,36052,74],{"class":73},[55,36054,36055],{"class":77},"Wash dishes",[55,36057,74],{"class":73},[55,36059,83],{"class":69},[55,36061,86],{"class":73},[55,36063,36064],{"class":77},"Study Python",[55,36066,74],{"class":73},[55,36068,83],{"class":69},[55,36070,86],{"class":73},[55,36072,36073],{"class":77},"Go for a walk",[55,36075,74],{"class":73},[55,36077,386],{"class":69},[55,36079,36080],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36081,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,36083,36084,36086,36088,36090,36093,36095,36097,36099,36102,36104,36106,36108,36110],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36085,5551],{"class":959},[55,36087,1781],{"class":61},[55,36089,83],{"class":69},[55,36091,36092],{"class":61}," task ",[55,36094,3474],{"class":959},[55,36096,35432],{"class":116},[55,36098,120],{"class":69},[55,36100,36101],{"class":123},"tasks",[55,36103,83],{"class":69},[55,36105,35650],{"class":8773},[55,36107,66],{"class":65},[55,36109,152],{"class":130},[55,36111,839],{"class":69},[55,36113,36114,36116,36118,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128,36130,36132,36135,36137,36139],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,36115,985],{"class":116},[55,36117,120],{"class":69},[55,36119,21891],{"class":1648},[55,36121,74],{"class":77},[55,36123,8875],{"class":130},[55,36125,1824],{"class":123},[55,36127,21900],{"class":130},[55,36129,27910],{"class":77},[55,36131,8875],{"class":130},[55,36133,36134],{"class":123},"task",[55,36136,21900],{"class":130},[55,36138,74],{"class":77},[55,36140,103],{"class":69},[14,36142,314],{},[45,36144,36146],{"className":47,"code":36145,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[52,36147,36148,36160,36172],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36149,36150,36152,36154,36157],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36151,152],{"class":130},[55,36153,198],{"class":69},[55,36155,36156],{"class":24347}," Wash",[55,36158,36159],{"class":61}," dishes\n",[55,36161,36162,36164,36166,36169],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36163,309],{"class":130},[55,36165,198],{"class":69},[55,36167,36168],{"class":24347}," Study",[55,36170,36171],{"class":61}," Python\n",[55,36173,36174,36176,36178,36181,36183],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36175,609],{"class":130},[55,36177,198],{"class":69},[55,36179,36180],{"class":24347}," Go",[55,36182,3468],{"class":959},[55,36184,36185],{"class":61}," a walk\n",[14,36187,36188,36189,36191,36192,198],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[52,36190,35350],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[52,36193,36194],{},"range(len(...))",[14,36196,36197,36198,198],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[194,36199,36201,36202,36204],{"href":36200},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[52,36203,35350],{}," in Python",[37,36206,36208,36209,36211],{"id":36207},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[52,36210,35671],{}," argument",[14,36213,36214,36215,36217],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[52,36216,35671],{}," argument.",[14,36219,36220,36221,1309,36223,854],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[52,36222,152],{},[52,36224,131],{},[45,36226,36228],{"className":47,"code":36227,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[52,36229,36230,36262,36266,36294],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36231,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240,36242,36244,36246,36248,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36233,62],{"class":61},[55,36235,66],{"class":65},[55,36237,3211],{"class":69},[55,36239,74],{"class":73},[55,36241,78],{"class":77},[55,36243,74],{"class":73},[55,36245,83],{"class":69},[55,36247,86],{"class":73},[55,36249,89],{"class":77},[55,36251,74],{"class":73},[55,36253,83],{"class":69},[55,36255,86],{"class":73},[55,36257,98],{"class":77},[55,36259,74],{"class":73},[55,36261,386],{"class":69},[55,36263,36264],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36265,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,36267,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278,36280,36282,36284,36286,36288,36290,36292],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36269,5551],{"class":959},[55,36271,35422],{"class":61},[55,36273,83],{"class":69},[55,36275,35427],{"class":61},[55,36277,3474],{"class":959},[55,36279,35432],{"class":116},[55,36281,120],{"class":69},[55,36283,124],{"class":123},[55,36285,83],{"class":69},[55,36287,35650],{"class":8773},[55,36289,66],{"class":65},[55,36291,152],{"class":130},[55,36293,839],{"class":69},[55,36295,36296,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,36297,985],{"class":116},[55,36299,120],{"class":69},[55,36301,383],{"class":123},[55,36303,83],{"class":69},[55,36305,35451],{"class":123},[55,36307,103],{"class":69},[14,36309,314],{},[45,36311,36313],{"className":47,"code":36312,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[52,36314,36315,36321,36327],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36316,36317,36319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36318,152],{"class":130},[55,36320,35467],{"class":61},[55,36322,36323,36325],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36324,309],{"class":130},[55,36326,35474],{"class":61},[55,36328,36329,36331],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36330,609],{"class":130},[55,36332,35481],{"class":61},[14,36334,36335],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[14,36337,36338],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[37,36340,24955],{"id":24954},[14,36342,24958,36343,198],{},[52,36344,35350],{},[1425,36346,36348],{"id":36347},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[14,36350,36351],{},"In this loop:",[45,36353,36355],{"className":47,"code":36354,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[52,36356,36357,36377,36381,36401],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36358,36359,36361,36363,36365,36367,36369,36371,36373,36375],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36360,243],{"class":61},[55,36362,66],{"class":65},[55,36364,3211],{"class":69},[55,36366,250],{"class":130},[55,36368,83],{"class":69},[55,36370,255],{"class":130},[55,36372,83],{"class":69},[55,36374,260],{"class":130},[55,36376,386],{"class":69},[55,36378,36379],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36380,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,36382,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393,36395,36397,36399],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36384,5551],{"class":959},[55,36386,35422],{"class":61},[55,36388,83],{"class":69},[55,36390,21181],{"class":61},[55,36392,3474],{"class":959},[55,36394,35432],{"class":116},[55,36396,120],{"class":69},[55,36398,275],{"class":123},[55,36400,839],{"class":69},[55,36402,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,36404,985],{"class":116},[55,36406,120],{"class":69},[55,36408,383],{"class":123},[55,36410,83],{"class":69},[55,36412,8028],{"class":123},[55,36414,103],{"class":69},[21,36416,36417,36427],{},[24,36418,36419,4375,36421,1773,36423,1773,36425],{},[52,36420,383],{},[52,36422,131],{},[52,36424,152],{},[52,36426,309],{},[24,36428,36429,4375,36431,1773,36433,1773,36435],{},[52,36430,2058],{},[52,36432,250],{},[52,36434,1149],{},[52,36436,36437],{},"30",[14,36439,36440],{},"These are different things.",[1425,36442,36444],{"id":36443},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[14,36446,36447,36448,36450],{},"Each item from ",[52,36449,35350],{}," is a pair.",[14,36452,1175],{},[45,36454,36456],{"className":47,"code":36455,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[52,36457,36458,36482,36486,36506],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36459,36460,36462,36464,36466,36468,36470,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36461,7375],{"class":61},[55,36463,66],{"class":65},[55,36465,3211],{"class":69},[55,36467,74],{"class":73},[55,36469,1757],{"class":77},[55,36471,74],{"class":73},[55,36473,83],{"class":69},[55,36475,86],{"class":73},[55,36477,11344],{"class":77},[55,36479,74],{"class":73},[55,36481,386],{"class":69},[55,36483,36484],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36485,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,36487,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500,36502,36504],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36489,5551],{"class":959},[55,36491,35727],{"class":61},[55,36493,83],{"class":69},[55,36495,5554],{"class":61},[55,36497,3474],{"class":959},[55,36499,35432],{"class":116},[55,36501,120],{"class":69},[55,36503,7404],{"class":123},[55,36505,839],{"class":69},[55,36507,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,36509,985],{"class":116},[55,36511,120],{"class":69},[55,36513,35751],{"class":123},[55,36515,83],{"class":69},[55,36517,29104],{"class":123},[55,36519,103],{"class":69},[14,36521,36522],{},"But this causes an error:",[45,36524,36526],{"className":47,"code":36525,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[52,36527,36528,36552,36556,36581],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36529,36530,36532,36534,36536,36538,36540,36542,36544,36546,36548,36550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36531,7375],{"class":61},[55,36533,66],{"class":65},[55,36535,3211],{"class":69},[55,36537,74],{"class":73},[55,36539,1757],{"class":77},[55,36541,74],{"class":73},[55,36543,83],{"class":69},[55,36545,86],{"class":73},[55,36547,11344],{"class":77},[55,36549,74],{"class":73},[55,36551,386],{"class":69},[55,36553,36554],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36555,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,36557,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568,36571,36573,36575,36577,36579],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36559,5551],{"class":959},[55,36561,35727],{"class":61},[55,36563,83],{"class":69},[55,36565,29104],{"class":61},[55,36567,83],{"class":69},[55,36569,36570],{"class":61}," extra ",[55,36572,3474],{"class":959},[55,36574,35432],{"class":116},[55,36576,120],{"class":69},[55,36578,7404],{"class":123},[55,36580,839],{"class":69},[55,36582,36583,36585,36587,36589,36591,36593,36595,36598],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,36584,985],{"class":116},[55,36586,120],{"class":69},[55,36588,35751],{"class":123},[55,36590,83],{"class":69},[55,36592,29104],{"class":123},[55,36594,83],{"class":69},[55,36596,36597],{"class":123}," extra",[55,36599,103],{"class":69},[14,36601,28658,36602,36604],{},[52,36603,35350],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[1425,36606,36608,36610],{"id":36607},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[52,36609,35350],{}," only works with iterable objects",[14,36612,36613],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[14,36615,36616],{},"Example with a string:",[45,36618,36620],{"className":47,"code":36619,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[52,36621,36622,36648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36623,36624,36626,36628,36630,36633,36635,36637,36639,36641,36644,36646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36625,5551],{"class":959},[55,36627,35422],{"class":61},[55,36629,83],{"class":69},[55,36631,36632],{"class":61}," char ",[55,36634,3474],{"class":959},[55,36636,35432],{"class":116},[55,36638,120],{"class":69},[55,36640,74],{"class":73},[55,36642,36643],{"class":77},"cat",[55,36645,74],{"class":73},[55,36647,839],{"class":69},[55,36649,36650,36652,36654,36656,36658,36661],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36651,985],{"class":116},[55,36653,120],{"class":69},[55,36655,383],{"class":123},[55,36657,83],{"class":69},[55,36659,36660],{"class":123}," char",[55,36662,103],{"class":69},[14,36664,314],{},[45,36666,36668],{"className":47,"code":36667,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[52,36669,36670,36676,36682],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36671,36672,36674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36673,131],{"class":130},[55,36675,35786],{"class":61},[55,36677,36678,36680],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36679,152],{"class":130},[55,36681,35772],{"class":61},[55,36683,36684,36686],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36685,309],{"class":130},[55,36687,36688],{"class":61}," t\n",[14,36690,36691,36692,198],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[194,36693,4727],{"href":5179},[1425,36695,36697],{"id":36696},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[14,36699,36700,36701,198],{},"You do not always need ",[52,36702,35350],{},[14,36704,36705,36706,36708],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[52,36707,5551],{}," loop:",[45,36710,36712],{"className":47,"code":36711,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[52,36713,36714,36746,36750,36762],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36715,36716,36718,36720,36722,36724,36726,36728,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36717,62],{"class":61},[55,36719,66],{"class":65},[55,36721,3211],{"class":69},[55,36723,74],{"class":73},[55,36725,78],{"class":77},[55,36727,74],{"class":73},[55,36729,83],{"class":69},[55,36731,86],{"class":73},[55,36733,89],{"class":77},[55,36735,74],{"class":73},[55,36737,83],{"class":69},[55,36739,86],{"class":73},[55,36741,98],{"class":77},[55,36743,74],{"class":73},[55,36745,386],{"class":69},[55,36747,36748],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36749,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,36751,36752,36754,36756,36758,36760],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36753,5551],{"class":959},[55,36755,35427],{"class":61},[55,36757,3474],{"class":959},[55,36759,12721],{"class":61},[55,36761,979],{"class":69},[55,36763,36764,36766,36768,36770],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,36765,985],{"class":116},[55,36767,120],{"class":69},[55,36769,32490],{"class":123},[55,36771,103],{"class":69},[14,36773,36774],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[37,36776,1298],{"id":1297},[14,36778,36779],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[21,36781,36782,36787,36793,36798],{},[24,36783,22697,36784,36786],{},[52,36785,35350],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[24,36788,36789,36790,36792],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[52,36791,131],{}," by default",[24,36794,8012,36795,36797],{},[52,36796,35350],{}," when only values are needed",[24,36799,36800,36801,8301,36803],{},"Confusing ",[52,36802,35350],{},[52,36804,35795],{},[14,36806,36807],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[45,36809,36811],{"className":47,"code":36810,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[52,36812,36813,36835,36862,36896,36929],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36814,36815,36817,36819,36821,36823,36825,36827,36829,36831,36833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36816,117],{"class":116},[55,36818,120],{"class":69},[55,36820,35641],{"class":116},[55,36822,2573],{"class":69},[55,36824,250],{"class":130},[55,36826,83],{"class":69},[55,36828,255],{"class":130},[55,36830,83],{"class":69},[55,36832,260],{"class":130},[55,36834,2586],{"class":69},[55,36836,36837,36839,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849,36851,36853,36855,36857,36859],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36838,117],{"class":116},[55,36840,120],{"class":69},[55,36842,7688],{"class":850},[55,36844,120],{"class":69},[55,36846,35641],{"class":116},[55,36848,2573],{"class":69},[55,36850,250],{"class":130},[55,36852,83],{"class":69},[55,36854,255],{"class":130},[55,36856,83],{"class":69},[55,36858,260],{"class":130},[55,36860,36861],{"class":69},"])))\n",[55,36863,36864,36866,36868,36870,36872,36874,36876,36878,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,36865,117],{"class":116},[55,36867,120],{"class":69},[55,36869,7688],{"class":850},[55,36871,120],{"class":69},[55,36873,35641],{"class":116},[55,36875,2573],{"class":69},[55,36877,250],{"class":130},[55,36879,83],{"class":69},[55,36881,255],{"class":130},[55,36883,83],{"class":69},[55,36885,260],{"class":130},[55,36887,17659],{"class":69},[55,36889,35650],{"class":8773},[55,36891,66],{"class":65},[55,36893,152],{"class":130},[55,36895,2499],{"class":69},[55,36897,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910,36912,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,36899,5551],{"class":959},[55,36901,35727],{"class":61},[55,36903,83],{"class":69},[55,36905,21181],{"class":61},[55,36907,3474],{"class":959},[55,36909,35432],{"class":116},[55,36911,2573],{"class":69},[55,36913,2889],{"class":73},[55,36915,194],{"class":77},[55,36917,2889],{"class":73},[55,36919,83],{"class":69},[55,36921,2884],{"class":73},[55,36923,786],{"class":77},[55,36925,2889],{"class":73},[55,36927,36928],{"class":69},"]):\n",[55,36930,36931,36933,36935,36937,36939,36941],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,36932,985],{"class":116},[55,36934,120],{"class":69},[55,36936,35751],{"class":123},[55,36938,83],{"class":69},[55,36940,8028],{"class":123},[55,36942,103],{"class":69},[14,36944,16556],{},[45,36946,36948],{"className":47,"code":36947,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[52,36949,36950,36970,37002,37034,37040],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,36951,36952,36954,36956,36958,36961,36965,36968],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,36953,2878],{"class":65},[55,36955,35641],{"class":116},[55,36957,24214],{"class":850},[55,36959,36960],{"class":61}," at ",[55,36962,36964],{"class":36963},"srjyR","0x",[55,36966,36967],{"class":844},"...",[55,36969,2892],{"class":65},[55,36971,36972,36974,36976,36978,36980,36982,36984,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,36973,21337],{"class":69},[55,36975,131],{"class":130},[55,36977,83],{"class":69},[55,36979,5598],{"class":130},[55,36981,8831],{"class":69},[55,36983,70],{"class":69},[55,36985,152],{"class":130},[55,36987,83],{"class":69},[55,36989,255],{"class":130},[55,36991,8831],{"class":69},[55,36993,70],{"class":69},[55,36995,309],{"class":130},[55,36997,83],{"class":69},[55,36999,260],{"class":130},[55,37001,8846],{"class":69},[55,37003,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016,37018,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37005,21337],{"class":69},[55,37007,152],{"class":130},[55,37009,83],{"class":69},[55,37011,5598],{"class":130},[55,37013,8831],{"class":69},[55,37015,70],{"class":69},[55,37017,309],{"class":130},[55,37019,83],{"class":69},[55,37021,255],{"class":130},[55,37023,8831],{"class":69},[55,37025,70],{"class":69},[55,37027,609],{"class":130},[55,37029,83],{"class":69},[55,37031,260],{"class":130},[55,37033,8846],{"class":69},[55,37035,37036,37038],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,37037,131],{"class":130},[55,37039,35772],{"class":61},[55,37041,37042,37044],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,37043,152],{"class":130},[55,37045,35779],{"class":61},[37,37047,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,37049,4733,37051,4736],{"id":37050},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[52,37052,35350],{},[14,37054,37055],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[1425,37057,12304,37059,37061],{"id":37058},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[52,37060,35350],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[14,37063,37064,37065,37067,37068,37071],{},"It starts at ",[52,37066,131],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[52,37069,37070],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[1425,37073,21017,37075,1309,37077,2078],{"id":37074},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[52,37076,35350],{},[52,37078,37079],{},"range(len(list))",[14,37081,36188,37082,37084],{},[52,37083,35350],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[1425,37086,4761,37088,37090],{"id":37087},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[52,37089,35350],{}," be used with strings?",[14,37092,37093,37094,37096],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[52,37095,35350],{}," can return each character with its index.",[37,37098,1495],{"id":1494},[21,37100,37101,37105,37111,37118],{},[24,37102,37103],{},[194,37104,35627],{"href":35626},[24,37106,37107],{},[194,37108,3165,37109,3098],{"href":35792},[52,37110,35795],{},[24,37112,37113],{},[194,37114,37115,37116,36204],{"href":36200},"How to use ",[52,37117,35350],{},[24,37119,37120],{},[194,37121,4808],{"href":5179},[1524,37123,37124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":37126},[37127,37128,37130,37131,37133,37135,37137,37144,37145,37155],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":35489,"depth":106,"text":37129},"What enumerate() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":35798,"depth":106,"text":37132},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36011,"depth":106,"text":37134},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36207,"depth":106,"text":37136},"Using the start argument",{"id":24954,"depth":106,"text":24955,"children":37138},[37139,37140,37141,37143],{"id":36347,"depth":113,"text":36348},{"id":36443,"depth":113,"text":36444},{"id":36607,"depth":113,"text":37142},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36696,"depth":113,"text":36697},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":37146},[37147,37149,37151,37153],{"id":37050,"depth":113,"text":37148},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37058,"depth":113,"text":37150},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37074,"depth":113,"text":37152},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37087,"depth":113,"text":37154},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35342,"description":37156},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37163,"title":37164,"body":37165,"description":39679,"extension":1546,"meta":39680,"navigation":109,"path":39681,"seo":39682,"stem":39683,"__hash__":39684},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37166,"toc":39636},[37167,37173,37178,37181,37189,37203,37205,37296,37304,37309,37314,37316,37332,37334,37413,37415,37432,37438,37442,37444,37465,37469,37472,37484,37488,37491,37494,37511,37514,37590,37592,37609,37614,37618,37626,37629,37644,37646,37735,37737,37782,37785,37789,37792,37871,37873,37895,37898,37905,37910,37913,38014,38016,38041,38044,38051,38057,38062,38065,38076,38182,38184,38205,38213,38220,38226,38245,38250,38253,38272,38274,38359,38361,38390,38393,38398,38403,38406,38417,38419,38508,38510,38530,38536,38642,38644,38664,38667,38751,38753,38773,38780,38782,38786,38792,38795,38852,38855,38858,38919,38928,38931,38934,38962,38965,39025,39027,39044,39048,39051,39129,39131,39151,39154,39229,39233,39236,39238,39247,39252,39254,39305,39313,39325,39330,39391,39393,39410,39414,39477,39479,39504,39512,39514,39520,39526,39533,39541,39547,39550,39557,39567,39573,39579,39582,39599,39605,39607,39633],[10,37168,3165,37170,3169],{"id":37169},"python-filter-function-explained",[52,37171,37172],{},"filter()",[14,37174,37175,37177],{},[52,37176,37172],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[14,37179,37180],{},"It takes:",[21,37182,37183,37186],{},[24,37184,37185],{},"a function that checks each item",[24,37187,37188],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[14,37190,37191,37192,37195,37196,37199,37200,37202],{},"The result is ",[3332,37193,37194],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[52,37197,37198],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[52,37201,24378],{}," to see the values.",[37,37204,1588],{"id":1587},[45,37206,37208],{"className":47,"code":37207,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[52,37209,37210,37243,37279],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37211,37212,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37213,243],{"class":61},[55,37215,66],{"class":65},[55,37217,3211],{"class":69},[55,37219,152],{"class":130},[55,37221,83],{"class":69},[55,37223,976],{"class":130},[55,37225,83],{"class":69},[55,37227,2036],{"class":130},[55,37229,83],{"class":69},[55,37231,2042],{"class":130},[55,37233,83],{"class":69},[55,37235,4196],{"class":130},[55,37237,83],{"class":69},[55,37239,37240],{"class":130}," 6",[55,37242,386],{"class":69},[55,37244,37245,37247,37249,37252,37254,37257,37261,37263,37265,37267,37269,37271,37273,37275,37277],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37246,1814],{"class":61},[55,37248,66],{"class":65},[55,37250,37251],{"class":116}," filter",[55,37253,120],{"class":69},[55,37255,37256],{"class":1648},"lambda",[55,37258,37260],{"class":37259},"sFwrP"," x",[55,37262,854],{"class":69},[55,37264,3471],{"class":123},[55,37266,5997],{"class":65},[55,37268,976],{"class":130},[55,37270,6002],{"class":65},[55,37272,3424],{"class":130},[55,37274,83],{"class":69},[55,37276,3852],{"class":123},[55,37278,103],{"class":69},[55,37280,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37282,117],{"class":116},[55,37284,120],{"class":69},[55,37286,7688],{"class":850},[55,37288,120],{"class":69},[55,37290,1849],{"class":123},[55,37292,947],{"class":69},[55,37294,37295],{"class":137},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[14,37297,37298,37300,37301,37303],{},[52,37299,37172],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[52,37302,24378],{}," to see the results.",[37,37305,3265,37307,3268],{"id":37306},"what-filter-does",[52,37308,37172],{},[14,37310,37311,37313],{},[52,37312,37172],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[14,37315,1690],{},[21,37317,37318,37321,37327],{},[24,37319,37320],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[24,37322,37323,37324,37326],{},"if the test returns ",[52,37325,3194],{},", the item is kept",[24,37328,37323,37329,37331],{},[52,37330,3261],{},", the item is removed",[14,37333,233],{},[45,37335,37337],{"className":47,"code":37336,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,37338,37339,37367,37371,37399],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37340,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37342,243],{"class":61},[55,37344,66],{"class":65},[55,37346,3211],{"class":69},[55,37348,152],{"class":130},[55,37350,83],{"class":69},[55,37352,976],{"class":130},[55,37354,83],{"class":69},[55,37356,2036],{"class":130},[55,37358,83],{"class":69},[55,37360,2042],{"class":130},[55,37362,83],{"class":69},[55,37364,4196],{"class":130},[55,37366,386],{"class":69},[55,37368,37369],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37370,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,37372,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381,37383,37385,37387,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37374,1814],{"class":61},[55,37376,66],{"class":65},[55,37378,37251],{"class":116},[55,37380,120],{"class":69},[55,37382,37256],{"class":1648},[55,37384,37260],{"class":37259},[55,37386,854],{"class":69},[55,37388,3471],{"class":123},[55,37390,3841],{"class":65},[55,37392,2036],{"class":130},[55,37394,83],{"class":69},[55,37396,3852],{"class":123},[55,37398,103],{"class":69},[55,37400,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,37402,117],{"class":116},[55,37404,120],{"class":69},[55,37406,7688],{"class":850},[55,37408,120],{"class":69},[55,37410,1849],{"class":123},[55,37412,1357],{"class":69},[14,37414,314],{},[45,37416,37418],{"className":47,"code":37417,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[4, 5]\n",[52,37419,37420],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37421,37422,37424,37426,37428,37430],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37423,127],{"class":69},[55,37425,2091],{"class":130},[55,37427,83],{"class":69},[55,37429,4196],{"class":130},[55,37431,386],{"class":69},[14,37433,37434,37435,37437],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[52,37436,609],{}," are kept.",[37,37439,37441],{"id":37440},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[14,37443,1743],{},[45,37445,37447],{"className":47,"code":37446,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[52,37448,37449],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37450,37451,37453,37455,37458,37460,37463],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37452,37198],{"class":116},[55,37454,120],{"class":69},[55,37456,37457],{"class":123},"function",[55,37459,83],{"class":69},[55,37461,37462],{"class":123}," iterable",[55,37464,103],{"class":69},[1425,37466,37467],{"id":37457},[52,37468,37457],{},[14,37470,37471],{},"This is the test function.",[21,37473,37474,37477],{},[24,37475,37476],{},"It receives one item at a time",[24,37478,37479,37480,2465,37482],{},"It should return ",[52,37481,3194],{},[52,37483,3261],{},[1425,37485,37486],{"id":3309},[52,37487,3309],{},[14,37489,37490],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[14,37492,37493],{},"It can be:",[21,37495,37496,37499,37502,37505,37508],{},[24,37497,37498],{},"a list",[24,37500,37501],{},"a tuple",[24,37503,37504],{},"a string",[24,37506,37507],{},"a set",[24,37509,37510],{},"another iterable object",[14,37512,37513],{},"Example with a tuple:",[45,37515,37517],{"className":47,"code":37516,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,37518,37519,37544,37548,37576],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37520,37521,37523,37525,37527,37529,37531,37534,37536,37538,37540,37542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37522,243],{"class":61},[55,37524,66],{"class":65},[55,37526,70],{"class":69},[55,37528,250],{"class":130},[55,37530,83],{"class":69},[55,37532,37533],{"class":130}," 15",[55,37535,83],{"class":69},[55,37537,255],{"class":130},[55,37539,83],{"class":69},[55,37541,8903],{"class":130},[55,37543,103],{"class":69},[55,37545,37546],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37547,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,37549,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558,37560,37562,37564,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37551,1814],{"class":61},[55,37553,66],{"class":65},[55,37555,37251],{"class":116},[55,37557,120],{"class":69},[55,37559,37256],{"class":1648},[55,37561,37260],{"class":37259},[55,37563,854],{"class":69},[55,37565,3471],{"class":123},[55,37567,4689],{"class":65},[55,37569,255],{"class":130},[55,37571,83],{"class":69},[55,37573,3852],{"class":123},[55,37575,103],{"class":69},[55,37577,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,37579,117],{"class":116},[55,37581,120],{"class":69},[55,37583,7688],{"class":850},[55,37585,120],{"class":69},[55,37587,1849],{"class":123},[55,37589,1357],{"class":69},[14,37591,314],{},[45,37593,37595],{"className":47,"code":37594,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[20, 25]\n",[52,37596,37597],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37598,37599,37601,37603,37605,37607],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37600,127],{"class":69},[55,37602,1149],{"class":130},[55,37604,83],{"class":69},[55,37606,8903],{"class":130},[55,37608,386],{"class":69},[14,37610,37611,37612,198],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[194,37613,4727],{"href":5179},[37,37615,37617],{"id":37616},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[14,37619,37620,37621,21572,37623,198],{},"In Python 3, ",[52,37622,37172],{},[3332,37624,37625],{},"filter object",[14,37627,37628],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[21,37630,37631,37634,37639],{},[24,37632,37633],{},"loop through it",[24,37635,37636,37637],{},"convert it with ",[52,37638,24378],{},[24,37640,37636,37641],{},[52,37642,37643],{},"tuple()",[14,37645,233],{},[45,37647,37649],{"className":47,"code":37648,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,37650,37651,37693,37697,37707,37721],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37652,37653,37655,37657,37659,37661,37663,37665,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677,37679,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37654,1814],{"class":61},[55,37656,66],{"class":65},[55,37658,37251],{"class":116},[55,37660,120],{"class":69},[55,37662,37256],{"class":1648},[55,37664,37260],{"class":37259},[55,37666,854],{"class":69},[55,37668,3471],{"class":123},[55,37670,3841],{"class":65},[55,37672,976],{"class":130},[55,37674,83],{"class":69},[55,37676,3211],{"class":69},[55,37678,152],{"class":130},[55,37680,83],{"class":69},[55,37682,976],{"class":130},[55,37684,83],{"class":69},[55,37686,2036],{"class":130},[55,37688,83],{"class":69},[55,37690,2042],{"class":130},[55,37692,282],{"class":69},[55,37694,37695],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37696,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,37698,37699,37701,37703,37705],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37700,117],{"class":116},[55,37702,120],{"class":69},[55,37704,1849],{"class":123},[55,37706,103],{"class":69},[55,37708,37709,37711,37713,37715,37717,37719],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,37710,117],{"class":116},[55,37712,120],{"class":69},[55,37714,1396],{"class":850},[55,37716,120],{"class":69},[55,37718,1849],{"class":123},[55,37720,1357],{"class":69},[55,37722,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,37724,117],{"class":116},[55,37726,120],{"class":69},[55,37728,7688],{"class":850},[55,37730,120],{"class":69},[55,37732,1849],{"class":123},[55,37734,1357],{"class":69},[14,37736,314],{},[45,37738,37740],{"className":47,"code":37739,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[52,37741,37742,37756,37770],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37743,37744,37746,37748,37750,37752,37754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37745,2878],{"class":65},[55,37747,37198],{"class":116},[55,37749,24214],{"class":850},[55,37751,36960],{"class":61},[55,37753,36967],{"class":844},[55,37755,2892],{"class":65},[55,37757,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37759,2878],{"class":65},[55,37761,2881],{"class":1648},[55,37763,2884],{"class":73},[55,37765,37198],{"class":77},[55,37767,2889],{"class":73},[55,37769,2892],{"class":65},[55,37771,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37773,127],{"class":69},[55,37775,609],{"class":130},[55,37777,83],{"class":69},[55,37779,2042],{"class":130},[55,37781,386],{"class":69},[14,37783,37784],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[1425,37786,37788],{"id":37787},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[14,37790,37791],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[45,37793,37795],{"className":47,"code":37794,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,37796,37797,37839,37843,37857],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37798,37799,37801,37803,37805,37807,37809,37811,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37800,1814],{"class":61},[55,37802,66],{"class":65},[55,37804,37251],{"class":116},[55,37806,120],{"class":69},[55,37808,37256],{"class":1648},[55,37810,37260],{"class":37259},[55,37812,854],{"class":69},[55,37814,3471],{"class":123},[55,37816,3841],{"class":65},[55,37818,976],{"class":130},[55,37820,83],{"class":69},[55,37822,3211],{"class":69},[55,37824,152],{"class":130},[55,37826,83],{"class":69},[55,37828,976],{"class":130},[55,37830,83],{"class":69},[55,37832,2036],{"class":130},[55,37834,83],{"class":69},[55,37836,2042],{"class":130},[55,37838,282],{"class":69},[55,37840,37841],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37842,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,37844,37845,37847,37849,37851,37853,37855],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37846,117],{"class":116},[55,37848,120],{"class":69},[55,37850,7688],{"class":850},[55,37852,120],{"class":69},[55,37854,1849],{"class":123},[55,37856,1357],{"class":69},[55,37858,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,37860,117],{"class":116},[55,37862,120],{"class":69},[55,37864,7688],{"class":850},[55,37866,120],{"class":69},[55,37868,1849],{"class":123},[55,37870,1357],{"class":69},[14,37872,314],{},[45,37874,37876],{"className":47,"code":37875,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[52,37877,37878,37890],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37879,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37881,127],{"class":69},[55,37883,609],{"class":130},[55,37885,83],{"class":69},[55,37887,2042],{"class":130},[55,37889,386],{"class":69},[55,37891,37892],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37893,37894],{"class":69},"[]\n",[14,37896,37897],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[37,37899,8012,37901,8301,37903],{"id":37900},"using-filter-with-lambda",[52,37902,37172],{},[52,37904,37256],{},[14,37906,14786,37907,37909],{},[52,37908,37256],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[14,37911,37912],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[45,37914,37916],{"className":47,"code":37915,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,37917,37918,37960,37964,38000],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,37919,37920,37922,37924,37926,37928,37930,37932,37934,37936,37939,37941,37943,37945,37947,37949,37951,37953,37956,37958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,37921,3661],{"class":61},[55,37923,66],{"class":65},[55,37925,3211],{"class":69},[55,37927,74],{"class":73},[55,37929,407],{"class":77},[55,37931,74],{"class":73},[55,37933,83],{"class":69},[55,37935,86],{"class":73},[55,37937,37938],{"class":77},"kiwi",[55,37940,74],{"class":73},[55,37942,83],{"class":69},[55,37944,86],{"class":73},[55,37946,416],{"class":77},[55,37948,74],{"class":73},[55,37950,83],{"class":69},[55,37952,86],{"class":73},[55,37954,37955],{"class":77},"fig",[55,37957,74],{"class":73},[55,37959,386],{"class":69},[55,37961,37962],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,37963,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,37965,37966,37968,37970,37972,37974,37976,37979,37981,37983,37985,37988,37990,37992,37994,37996,37998],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,37967,1814],{"class":61},[55,37969,66],{"class":65},[55,37971,37251],{"class":116},[55,37973,120],{"class":69},[55,37975,37256],{"class":1648},[55,37977,37978],{"class":37259}," word",[55,37980,854],{"class":69},[55,37982,963],{"class":116},[55,37984,120],{"class":69},[55,37986,37987],{"class":123},"word",[55,37989,970],{"class":69},[55,37991,973],{"class":65},[55,37993,2042],{"class":130},[55,37995,83],{"class":69},[55,37997,5762],{"class":123},[55,37999,103],{"class":69},[55,38001,38002,38004,38006,38008,38010,38012],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,38003,117],{"class":116},[55,38005,120],{"class":69},[55,38007,7688],{"class":850},[55,38009,120],{"class":69},[55,38011,1849],{"class":123},[55,38013,1357],{"class":69},[14,38015,314],{},[45,38017,38019],{"className":47,"code":38018,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[52,38020,38021],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38022,38023,38025,38027,38029,38031,38033,38035,38037,38039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38024,127],{"class":69},[55,38026,2889],{"class":73},[55,38028,407],{"class":77},[55,38030,2889],{"class":73},[55,38032,83],{"class":69},[55,38034,2884],{"class":73},[55,38036,416],{"class":77},[55,38038,2889],{"class":73},[55,38040,386],{"class":69},[14,38042,38043],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[14,38045,38046,38047,198],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[194,38048,38050],{"href":38049},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[37,38052,8012,38054,38056],{"id":38053},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[52,38055,37172],{}," with a named function",[14,38058,38059,38060,198],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[52,38061,37256],{},[14,38063,38064],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[21,38066,38067,38070,38073],{},[24,38068,38069],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[24,38071,38072],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[24,38074,38075],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[45,38077,38079],{"className":47,"code":38078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,38080,38081,38094,38109,38113,38145,38164,38168],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38082,38083,38085,38088,38090,38092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38084,34451],{"class":1648},[55,38086,38087],{"class":34454}," is_even",[55,38089,120],{"class":69},[55,38091,1824],{"class":37259},[55,38093,839],{"class":69},[55,38095,38096,38098,38100,38102,38104,38106],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38097,34462],{"class":959},[55,38099,5981],{"class":61},[55,38101,5997],{"class":65},[55,38103,976],{"class":130},[55,38105,6002],{"class":65},[55,38107,38108],{"class":130}," 0\n",[55,38110,38111],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,38112,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,38114,38115,38117,38119,38121,38123,38125,38127,38129,38131,38133,38135,38137,38139,38141,38143],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,38116,243],{"class":61},[55,38118,66],{"class":65},[55,38120,3211],{"class":69},[55,38122,152],{"class":130},[55,38124,83],{"class":69},[55,38126,976],{"class":130},[55,38128,83],{"class":69},[55,38130,2036],{"class":130},[55,38132,83],{"class":69},[55,38134,2042],{"class":130},[55,38136,83],{"class":69},[55,38138,4196],{"class":130},[55,38140,83],{"class":69},[55,38142,37240],{"class":130},[55,38144,386],{"class":69},[55,38146,38147,38149,38151,38153,38155,38158,38160,38162],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,38148,1814],{"class":61},[55,38150,66],{"class":65},[55,38152,37251],{"class":116},[55,38154,120],{"class":69},[55,38156,38157],{"class":123},"is_even",[55,38159,83],{"class":69},[55,38161,3852],{"class":123},[55,38163,103],{"class":69},[55,38165,38166],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,38167,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,38169,38170,38172,38174,38176,38178,38180],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,38171,117],{"class":116},[55,38173,120],{"class":69},[55,38175,7688],{"class":850},[55,38177,120],{"class":69},[55,38179,1849],{"class":123},[55,38181,1357],{"class":69},[14,38183,314],{},[45,38185,38187],{"className":47,"code":38186,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[52,38188,38189],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38190,38191,38193,38195,38197,38199,38201,38203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38192,127],{"class":69},[55,38194,309],{"class":130},[55,38196,83],{"class":69},[55,38198,2042],{"class":130},[55,38200,83],{"class":69},[55,38202,37240],{"class":130},[55,38204,386],{"class":69},[14,38206,20367,38207,1981,38210,38212],{},[52,38208,38209],{},"is_even()",[52,38211,3194],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[37,38214,8012,38216,8301,38218],{"id":38215},"using-none-with-filter",[52,38217,3368],{},[52,38219,37172],{},[14,38221,38222,38223,38225],{},"You can pass ",[52,38224,3368],{}," as the first argument:",[45,38227,38229],{"className":47,"code":38228,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[52,38230,38231],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38232,38233,38235,38237,38239,38241,38243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38234,37198],{"class":116},[55,38236,120],{"class":69},[55,38238,3368],{"class":3443},[55,38240,83],{"class":69},[55,38242,37462],{"class":123},[55,38244,103],{"class":69},[14,38246,38247,38248,6934],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3332,38249,5189],{},[14,38251,38252],{},"Falsy values include:",[21,38254,38255,38259,38264,38268],{},[24,38256,38257],{},[52,38258,131],{},[24,38260,38261,38263],{},[52,38262,3363],{}," (empty string)",[24,38265,38266],{},[52,38267,3368],{},[24,38269,38270],{},[52,38271,3261],{},[14,38273,233],{},[45,38275,38277],{"className":47,"code":38276,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,38278,38279,38323,38327,38345],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38280,38281,38283,38285,38287,38289,38291,38293,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38282,7375],{"class":61},[55,38284,66],{"class":65},[55,38286,3211],{"class":69},[55,38288,131],{"class":130},[55,38290,83],{"class":69},[55,38292,5090],{"class":130},[55,38294,83],{"class":69},[55,38296,5720],{"class":73},[55,38298,83],{"class":69},[55,38300,86],{"class":73},[55,38302,3436],{"class":77},[55,38304,74],{"class":73},[55,38306,83],{"class":69},[55,38308,3444],{"class":3443},[55,38310,83],{"class":69},[55,38312,3506],{"class":3443},[55,38314,83],{"class":69},[55,38316,3497],{"class":3443},[55,38318,83],{"class":69},[55,38320,4196],{"class":130},[55,38322,386],{"class":69},[55,38324,38325],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38326,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,38328,38329,38331,38333,38335,38337,38339,38341,38343],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,38330,1814],{"class":61},[55,38332,66],{"class":65},[55,38334,37251],{"class":116},[55,38336,120],{"class":69},[55,38338,3368],{"class":3443},[55,38340,83],{"class":69},[55,38342,5559],{"class":123},[55,38344,103],{"class":69},[55,38346,38347,38349,38351,38353,38355,38357],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,38348,117],{"class":116},[55,38350,120],{"class":69},[55,38352,7688],{"class":850},[55,38354,120],{"class":69},[55,38356,1849],{"class":123},[55,38358,1357],{"class":69},[14,38360,314],{},[45,38362,38364],{"className":47,"code":38363,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[52,38365,38366],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38367,38368,38370,38372,38374,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384,38386,38388],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38369,127],{"class":69},[55,38371,152],{"class":130},[55,38373,83],{"class":69},[55,38375,2884],{"class":73},[55,38377,3436],{"class":77},[55,38379,2889],{"class":73},[55,38381,83],{"class":69},[55,38383,3506],{"class":3443},[55,38385,83],{"class":69},[55,38387,4196],{"class":130},[55,38389,386],{"class":69},[14,38391,38392],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[37,38394,4553,38396],{"id":38395},"when-to-use-filter",[52,38397,37172],{},[14,38399,1440,38400,38402],{},[52,38401,37172],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[14,38404,38405],{},"It works well for:",[21,38407,38408,38411,38414],{},[24,38409,38410],{},"simple filtering rules",[24,38412,38413],{},"quick data cleaning",[24,38415,38416],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[14,38418,233],{},[45,38420,38422],{"className":47,"code":38421,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[52,38423,38424,38456,38489,38493],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38425,38426,38428,38430,38432,38434,38436,38438,38440,38442,38444,38446,38448,38450,38452,38454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38427,243],{"class":61},[55,38429,66],{"class":65},[55,38431,3211],{"class":69},[55,38433,152],{"class":130},[55,38435,83],{"class":69},[55,38437,976],{"class":130},[55,38439,83],{"class":69},[55,38441,2036],{"class":130},[55,38443,83],{"class":69},[55,38445,2042],{"class":130},[55,38447,83],{"class":69},[55,38449,4196],{"class":130},[55,38451,83],{"class":69},[55,38453,37240],{"class":130},[55,38455,386],{"class":69},[55,38457,38458,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469,38471,38473,38475,38477,38479,38481,38483,38485,38487],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38459,38460],{"class":61},"evens ",[55,38462,66],{"class":65},[55,38464,37251],{"class":116},[55,38466,120],{"class":69},[55,38468,37256],{"class":1648},[55,38470,37260],{"class":37259},[55,38472,854],{"class":69},[55,38474,3471],{"class":123},[55,38476,5997],{"class":65},[55,38478,976],{"class":130},[55,38480,6002],{"class":65},[55,38482,3424],{"class":130},[55,38484,83],{"class":69},[55,38486,3852],{"class":123},[55,38488,103],{"class":69},[55,38490,38491],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,38492,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,38494,38495,38497,38499,38501,38503,38506],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,38496,117],{"class":116},[55,38498,120],{"class":69},[55,38500,7688],{"class":850},[55,38502,120],{"class":69},[55,38504,38505],{"class":123},"evens",[55,38507,1357],{"class":69},[14,38509,314],{},[45,38511,38512],{"className":47,"code":38186,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,38513,38514],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38515,38516,38518,38520,38522,38524,38526,38528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38517,127],{"class":69},[55,38519,309],{"class":130},[55,38521,83],{"class":69},[55,38523,2042],{"class":130},[55,38525,83],{"class":69},[55,38527,37240],{"class":130},[55,38529,386],{"class":69},[14,38531,38532,38533,38535],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[52,38534,5551],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[45,38537,38539],{"className":47,"code":38538,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[52,38540,38541,38573,38581,38585,38597,38613,38628,38632],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38542,38543,38545,38547,38549,38551,38553,38555,38557,38559,38561,38563,38565,38567,38569,38571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38544,243],{"class":61},[55,38546,66],{"class":65},[55,38548,3211],{"class":69},[55,38550,152],{"class":130},[55,38552,83],{"class":69},[55,38554,976],{"class":130},[55,38556,83],{"class":69},[55,38558,2036],{"class":130},[55,38560,83],{"class":69},[55,38562,2042],{"class":130},[55,38564,83],{"class":69},[55,38566,4196],{"class":130},[55,38568,83],{"class":69},[55,38570,37240],{"class":130},[55,38572,386],{"class":69},[55,38574,38575,38577,38579],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38576,38460],{"class":61},[55,38578,66],{"class":65},[55,38580,7433],{"class":69},[55,38582,38583],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,38584,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,38586,38587,38589,38591,38593,38595],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,38588,5551],{"class":959},[55,38590,5981],{"class":61},[55,38592,3474],{"class":959},[55,38594,3852],{"class":61},[55,38596,979],{"class":69},[55,38598,38599,38601,38603,38605,38607,38609,38611],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,38600,5992],{"class":959},[55,38602,5981],{"class":61},[55,38604,5997],{"class":65},[55,38606,976],{"class":130},[55,38608,6002],{"class":65},[55,38610,3424],{"class":130},[55,38612,979],{"class":69},[55,38614,38615,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,38616,38617],{"class":61},"        evens",[55,38619,198],{"class":69},[55,38621,13149],{"class":123},[55,38623,120],{"class":69},[55,38625,1824],{"class":123},[55,38627,103],{"class":69},[55,38629,38630],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,38631,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,38633,38634,38636,38638,38640],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,38635,117],{"class":116},[55,38637,120],{"class":69},[55,38639,38505],{"class":123},[55,38641,103],{"class":69},[14,38643,314],{},[45,38645,38646],{"className":47,"code":38186,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,38647,38648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38649,38650,38652,38654,38656,38658,38660,38662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38651,127],{"class":69},[55,38653,309],{"class":130},[55,38655,83],{"class":69},[55,38657,2042],{"class":130},[55,38659,83],{"class":69},[55,38661,37240],{"class":130},[55,38663,386],{"class":69},[14,38665,38666],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[45,38668,38670],{"className":47,"code":38669,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[52,38671,38672,38704,38737,38741],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38673,38674,38676,38678,38680,38682,38684,38686,38688,38690,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700,38702],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38675,243],{"class":61},[55,38677,66],{"class":65},[55,38679,3211],{"class":69},[55,38681,152],{"class":130},[55,38683,83],{"class":69},[55,38685,976],{"class":130},[55,38687,83],{"class":69},[55,38689,2036],{"class":130},[55,38691,83],{"class":69},[55,38693,2042],{"class":130},[55,38695,83],{"class":69},[55,38697,4196],{"class":130},[55,38699,83],{"class":69},[55,38701,37240],{"class":130},[55,38703,386],{"class":69},[55,38705,38706,38708,38710,38712,38714,38716,38718,38720,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38707,38460],{"class":61},[55,38709,66],{"class":65},[55,38711,3211],{"class":69},[55,38713,1801],{"class":61},[55,38715,5551],{"class":959},[55,38717,5981],{"class":61},[55,38719,3474],{"class":959},[55,38721,38722],{"class":61}," numbers ",[55,38724,960],{"class":959},[55,38726,5981],{"class":61},[55,38728,5997],{"class":65},[55,38730,976],{"class":130},[55,38732,6002],{"class":65},[55,38734,3424],{"class":130},[55,38736,386],{"class":69},[55,38738,38739],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,38740,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,38742,38743,38745,38747,38749],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,38744,117],{"class":116},[55,38746,120],{"class":69},[55,38748,38505],{"class":123},[55,38750,103],{"class":69},[14,38752,314],{},[45,38754,38755],{"className":47,"code":38186,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,38756,38757],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38758,38759,38761,38763,38765,38767,38769,38771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38760,127],{"class":69},[55,38762,309],{"class":130},[55,38764,83],{"class":69},[55,38766,2042],{"class":130},[55,38768,83],{"class":69},[55,38770,37240],{"class":130},[55,38772,386],{"class":69},[14,38774,38775,38776,198],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[194,38777,38779],{"href":38778},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[37,38781,1298],{"id":1297},[14,38783,14330,38784,198],{},[52,38785,37172],{},[1425,38787,8048,38789,38791],{"id":38788},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[52,38790,37172],{}," to return a list",[14,38793,38794],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[45,38796,38798],{"className":47,"code":38797,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[52,38799,38800,38842],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38801,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818,38820,38822,38824,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38803,1814],{"class":61},[55,38805,66],{"class":65},[55,38807,37251],{"class":116},[55,38809,120],{"class":69},[55,38811,37256],{"class":1648},[55,38813,37260],{"class":37259},[55,38815,854],{"class":69},[55,38817,3471],{"class":123},[55,38819,3841],{"class":65},[55,38821,976],{"class":130},[55,38823,83],{"class":69},[55,38825,3211],{"class":69},[55,38827,152],{"class":130},[55,38829,83],{"class":69},[55,38831,976],{"class":130},[55,38833,83],{"class":69},[55,38835,2036],{"class":130},[55,38837,83],{"class":69},[55,38839,2042],{"class":130},[55,38841,282],{"class":69},[55,38843,38844,38846,38848,38850],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38845,117],{"class":116},[55,38847,120],{"class":69},[55,38849,1849],{"class":123},[55,38851,103],{"class":69},[14,38853,38854],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[14,38856,38857],{},"Fix:",[45,38859,38861],{"className":47,"code":38860,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,38862,38863,38905],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885,38887,38889,38891,38893,38895,38897,38899,38901,38903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38866,1814],{"class":61},[55,38868,66],{"class":65},[55,38870,37251],{"class":116},[55,38872,120],{"class":69},[55,38874,37256],{"class":1648},[55,38876,37260],{"class":37259},[55,38878,854],{"class":69},[55,38880,3471],{"class":123},[55,38882,3841],{"class":65},[55,38884,976],{"class":130},[55,38886,83],{"class":69},[55,38888,3211],{"class":69},[55,38890,152],{"class":130},[55,38892,83],{"class":69},[55,38894,976],{"class":130},[55,38896,83],{"class":69},[55,38898,2036],{"class":130},[55,38900,83],{"class":69},[55,38902,2042],{"class":130},[55,38904,282],{"class":69},[55,38906,38907,38909,38911,38913,38915,38917],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38908,117],{"class":116},[55,38910,120],{"class":69},[55,38912,7688],{"class":850},[55,38914,120],{"class":69},[55,38916,1849],{"class":123},[55,38918,1357],{"class":69},[1425,38920,38922,38923,2465,38925,38927],{"id":38921},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[52,38924,3194],{},[52,38926,3261],{}," clearly",[14,38929,38930],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[14,38932,38933],{},"Good example:",[45,38935,38937],{"className":47,"code":38936,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[52,38938,38939,38952],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38940,38941,38943,38946,38948,38950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38942,34451],{"class":1648},[55,38944,38945],{"class":34454}," is_positive",[55,38947,120],{"class":69},[55,38949,1824],{"class":37259},[55,38951,839],{"class":69},[55,38953,38954,38956,38958,38960],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,38955,34462],{"class":959},[55,38957,5981],{"class":61},[55,38959,3841],{"class":65},[55,38961,38108],{"class":130},[14,38963,38964],{},"Then use it with:",[45,38966,38968],{"className":47,"code":38967,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[52,38969,38970,39002],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,38971,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984,38986,38988,38990,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,38973,243],{"class":61},[55,38975,66],{"class":65},[55,38977,3211],{"class":69},[55,38979,171],{"class":65},[55,38981,309],{"class":130},[55,38983,83],{"class":69},[55,38985,1806],{"class":65},[55,38987,152],{"class":130},[55,38989,83],{"class":69},[55,38991,3424],{"class":130},[55,38993,83],{"class":69},[55,38995,5090],{"class":130},[55,38997,83],{"class":69},[55,38999,976],{"class":130},[55,39001,386],{"class":69},[55,39003,39004,39006,39008,39010,39012,39014,39016,39019,39021,39023],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39005,117],{"class":116},[55,39007,120],{"class":69},[55,39009,7688],{"class":850},[55,39011,120],{"class":69},[55,39013,37198],{"class":116},[55,39015,120],{"class":69},[55,39017,39018],{"class":123},"is_positive",[55,39020,83],{"class":69},[55,39022,3852],{"class":123},[55,39024,2499],{"class":69},[14,39026,314],{},[45,39028,39030],{"className":47,"code":39029,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2]\n",[52,39031,39032],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39033,39034,39036,39038,39040,39042],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39035,127],{"class":69},[55,39037,152],{"class":130},[55,39039,83],{"class":69},[55,39041,976],{"class":130},[55,39043,386],{"class":69},[1425,39045,39047],{"id":39046},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[14,39049,39050],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[45,39052,39053],{"className":47,"code":37794,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,39054,39055,39097,39101,39115],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39056,39057,39059,39061,39063,39065,39067,39069,39071,39073,39075,39077,39079,39081,39083,39085,39087,39089,39091,39093,39095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39058,1814],{"class":61},[55,39060,66],{"class":65},[55,39062,37251],{"class":116},[55,39064,120],{"class":69},[55,39066,37256],{"class":1648},[55,39068,37260],{"class":37259},[55,39070,854],{"class":69},[55,39072,3471],{"class":123},[55,39074,3841],{"class":65},[55,39076,976],{"class":130},[55,39078,83],{"class":69},[55,39080,3211],{"class":69},[55,39082,152],{"class":130},[55,39084,83],{"class":69},[55,39086,976],{"class":130},[55,39088,83],{"class":69},[55,39090,2036],{"class":130},[55,39092,83],{"class":69},[55,39094,2042],{"class":130},[55,39096,282],{"class":69},[55,39098,39099],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39100,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,39102,39103,39105,39107,39109,39111,39113],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,39104,117],{"class":116},[55,39106,120],{"class":69},[55,39108,7688],{"class":850},[55,39110,120],{"class":69},[55,39112,1849],{"class":123},[55,39114,1357],{"class":69},[55,39116,39117,39119,39121,39123,39125,39127],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,39118,117],{"class":116},[55,39120,120],{"class":69},[55,39122,7688],{"class":850},[55,39124,120],{"class":69},[55,39126,1849],{"class":123},[55,39128,1357],{"class":69},[14,39130,314],{},[45,39132,39133],{"className":47,"code":37875,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,39134,39135,39147],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39136,39137,39139,39141,39143,39145],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39138,127],{"class":69},[55,39140,609],{"class":130},[55,39142,83],{"class":69},[55,39144,2042],{"class":130},[55,39146,386],{"class":69},[55,39148,39149],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39150,37894],{"class":69},[14,39152,39153],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[45,39155,39157],{"className":47,"code":39156,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[52,39158,39159,39205,39209,39219],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39160,39161,39163,39165,39167,39169,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199,39201,39203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39162,1814],{"class":61},[55,39164,66],{"class":65},[55,39166,22156],{"class":850},[55,39168,120],{"class":69},[55,39170,37198],{"class":116},[55,39172,120],{"class":69},[55,39174,37256],{"class":1648},[55,39176,37260],{"class":37259},[55,39178,854],{"class":69},[55,39180,3471],{"class":123},[55,39182,3841],{"class":65},[55,39184,976],{"class":130},[55,39186,83],{"class":69},[55,39188,3211],{"class":69},[55,39190,152],{"class":130},[55,39192,83],{"class":69},[55,39194,976],{"class":130},[55,39196,83],{"class":69},[55,39198,2036],{"class":130},[55,39200,83],{"class":69},[55,39202,2042],{"class":130},[55,39204,2586],{"class":69},[55,39206,39207],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39208,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,39210,39211,39213,39215,39217],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,39212,117],{"class":116},[55,39214,120],{"class":69},[55,39216,1849],{"class":123},[55,39218,103],{"class":69},[55,39220,39221,39223,39225,39227],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,39222,117],{"class":116},[55,39224,120],{"class":69},[55,39226,1849],{"class":123},[55,39228,103],{"class":69},[1425,39230,39232],{"id":39231},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[14,39234,39235],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[14,39237,16241],{},[45,39239,39241],{"className":47,"code":39240,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[52,39242,39243],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39244,39245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39246,39240],{"class":137},[14,39248,39249,39250,6146],{},"This causes an error because ",[52,39251,250],{},[14,39253,16253],{},[45,39255,39257],{"className":47,"code":39256,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[52,39258,39259],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39260,39261,39263,39265,39267,39269,39271,39273,39275,39277,39279,39281,39283,39285,39287,39289,39291,39293,39295,39297,39299,39301,39303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39262,117],{"class":116},[55,39264,120],{"class":69},[55,39266,7688],{"class":850},[55,39268,120],{"class":69},[55,39270,37198],{"class":116},[55,39272,120],{"class":69},[55,39274,37256],{"class":1648},[55,39276,37260],{"class":37259},[55,39278,854],{"class":69},[55,39280,3471],{"class":123},[55,39282,3841],{"class":65},[55,39284,976],{"class":130},[55,39286,83],{"class":69},[55,39288,3211],{"class":69},[55,39290,152],{"class":130},[55,39292,83],{"class":69},[55,39294,976],{"class":130},[55,39296,83],{"class":69},[55,39298,2036],{"class":130},[55,39300,83],{"class":69},[55,39302,2042],{"class":130},[55,39304,36861],{"class":69},[1425,39306,36800,39308,8301,39310],{"id":39307},"confusing-filter-with-map",[52,39309,37172],{},[52,39311,39312],{},"map()",[21,39314,39315,39320],{},[24,39316,39317,39319],{},[52,39318,37172],{}," keeps or removes items",[24,39321,39322,39324],{},[52,39323,39312],{}," changes each item into a new value",[14,39326,39327,39328,854],{},"Example of ",[52,39329,37172],{},[45,39331,39333],{"className":47,"code":39332,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[52,39334,39335,39359],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39336,39337,39339,39341,39343,39345,39347,39349,39351,39353,39355,39357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39338,243],{"class":61},[55,39340,66],{"class":65},[55,39342,3211],{"class":69},[55,39344,152],{"class":130},[55,39346,83],{"class":69},[55,39348,976],{"class":130},[55,39350,83],{"class":69},[55,39352,2036],{"class":130},[55,39354,83],{"class":69},[55,39356,2042],{"class":130},[55,39358,386],{"class":69},[55,39360,39361,39363,39365,39367,39369,39371,39373,39375,39377,39379,39381,39383,39385,39387,39389],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39362,117],{"class":116},[55,39364,120],{"class":69},[55,39366,7688],{"class":850},[55,39368,120],{"class":69},[55,39370,37198],{"class":116},[55,39372,120],{"class":69},[55,39374,37256],{"class":1648},[55,39376,37260],{"class":37259},[55,39378,854],{"class":69},[55,39380,3471],{"class":123},[55,39382,3841],{"class":65},[55,39384,976],{"class":130},[55,39386,83],{"class":69},[55,39388,3852],{"class":123},[55,39390,2499],{"class":69},[14,39392,314],{},[45,39394,39396],{"className":47,"code":39395,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[3, 4]\n",[52,39397,39398],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39399,39400,39402,39404,39406,39408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39401,127],{"class":69},[55,39403,609],{"class":130},[55,39405,83],{"class":69},[55,39407,2042],{"class":130},[55,39409,386],{"class":69},[14,39411,39327,39412,854],{},[52,39413,39312],{},[45,39415,39417],{"className":47,"code":39416,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[52,39418,39419,39443],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39420,39421,39423,39425,39427,39429,39431,39433,39435,39437,39439,39441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39422,243],{"class":61},[55,39424,66],{"class":65},[55,39426,3211],{"class":69},[55,39428,152],{"class":130},[55,39430,83],{"class":69},[55,39432,976],{"class":130},[55,39434,83],{"class":69},[55,39436,2036],{"class":130},[55,39438,83],{"class":69},[55,39440,2042],{"class":130},[55,39442,386],{"class":69},[55,39444,39445,39447,39449,39451,39453,39456,39458,39460,39462,39464,39466,39469,39471,39473,39475],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39446,117],{"class":116},[55,39448,120],{"class":69},[55,39450,7688],{"class":850},[55,39452,120],{"class":69},[55,39454,39455],{"class":116},"map",[55,39457,120],{"class":69},[55,39459,37256],{"class":1648},[55,39461,37260],{"class":37259},[55,39463,854],{"class":69},[55,39465,3471],{"class":123},[55,39467,39468],{"class":65},"*",[55,39470,976],{"class":130},[55,39472,83],{"class":69},[55,39474,3852],{"class":123},[55,39476,2499],{"class":69},[14,39478,314],{},[45,39480,39482],{"className":47,"code":39481,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[52,39483,39484],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39485,39486,39488,39490,39492,39494,39496,39498,39500,39502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39487,127],{"class":69},[55,39489,309],{"class":130},[55,39491,83],{"class":69},[55,39493,2042],{"class":130},[55,39495,83],{"class":69},[55,39497,37240],{"class":130},[55,39499,83],{"class":69},[55,39501,5954],{"class":130},[55,39503,386],{"class":69},[14,39505,39506,39507,198],{},"For the related function, see ",[194,39508,3165,39510,3098],{"href":39509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[52,39511,39312],{},[37,39513,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,39515,12304,39517,39519],{"id":39516},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[52,39518,37172],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[14,39521,39522,39523,39525],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[52,39524,24378],{}," if needed.",[1425,39527,39529,39530,39532],{"id":39528},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[52,39531,37172],{}," need to return?",[14,39534,37479,39535,39537,39538,39540],{},[52,39536,3194],{}," to keep an item and ",[52,39539,3261],{}," to remove it.",[1425,39542,27925,39544,39546],{"id":39543},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[52,39545,37172],{}," without lambda?",[14,39548,39549],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[1425,39551,4733,39553,39556],{"id":39552},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[52,39554,39555],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[14,39558,39559,39560,39562,39563,16670,39565,198],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[52,39561,131],{},", empty strings, ",[52,39564,3368],{},[52,39566,3261],{},[1425,39568,21017,39570,39572],{"id":39569},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[52,39571,37172],{}," or a list comprehension?",[14,39574,39575,39576,39578],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[52,39577,5551],{}," loops easier to read.",[14,39580,39581],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[21,39583,39584,39590,39596],{},[24,39585,39586,39587,39589],{},"use ",[52,39588,37172],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[24,39591,39592,39593,39595],{},"use a ",[52,39594,5551],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[24,39597,39598],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[14,39600,39601,39602,198],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[194,39603,4723],{"href":39604},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[37,39606,1495],{"id":1494},[21,39608,39609,39614,39618,39623,39629],{},[24,39610,39611],{},[194,39612,39613],{"href":38049},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[24,39615,39616],{},[194,39617,4813],{"href":39604},[24,39619,39620],{},[194,39621,39622],{"href":38778},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[24,39624,39625],{},[194,39626,3165,39627,3098],{"href":39509},[52,39628,39312],{},[24,39630,39631],{},[194,39632,4808],{"href":5179},[1524,39634,39635],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":39637},[39638,39639,39641,39645,39648,39650,39652,39654,39656,39666,39678],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":37306,"depth":106,"text":39640},"What filter() does",{"id":37440,"depth":106,"text":37441,"children":39642},[39643,39644],{"id":37457,"depth":113,"text":37457},{"id":3309,"depth":113,"text":3309},{"id":37616,"depth":106,"text":37617,"children":39646},[39647],{"id":37787,"depth":113,"text":37788},{"id":37900,"depth":106,"text":39649},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38053,"depth":106,"text":39651},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38215,"depth":106,"text":39653},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38395,"depth":106,"text":39655},"When to use filter()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":39657},[39658,39660,39662,39663,39664],{"id":38788,"depth":113,"text":39659},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38921,"depth":113,"text":39661},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39046,"depth":113,"text":39047},{"id":39231,"depth":113,"text":39232},{"id":39307,"depth":113,"text":39665},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":39667},[39668,39670,39672,39674,39676],{"id":39516,"depth":113,"text":39669},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39528,"depth":113,"text":39671},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39543,"depth":113,"text":39673},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39552,"depth":113,"text":39675},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39569,"depth":113,"text":39677},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37164,"description":39679},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39686,"title":39687,"body":39688,"description":41841,"extension":1546,"meta":41842,"navigation":109,"path":41843,"seo":41844,"stem":41845,"__hash__":41846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39689,"toc":41795},[39690,39693,39698,39704,39706,39758,39760,39779,39784,39788,39793,39796,39811,39814,39836,39838,39887,39889,39913,39915,39917,39932,39937,39945,39960,39962,39971,39974,40009,40013,40018,40022,40029,40064,40066,40082,40086,40089,40130,40132,40146,40150,40153,40177,40179,40188,40192,40195,40228,40230,40243,40247,40253,40272,40274,40282,40286,40291,40295,40301,40324,40326,40355,40358,40377,40381,40384,40411,40413,40447,40451,40454,40478,40482,40493,40495,40500,40506,40508,40592,40594,40636,40639,40643,40650,40659,40715,40722,40731,40736,40740,40811,40813,40822,40826,40829,40873,40875,40884,40888,40894,40944,40948,40953,40957,40981,40983,40992,40996,41020,41022,41033,41037,41061,41063,41072,41075,41092,41098,41102,41108,41111,41116,41119,41140,41142,41174,41177,41182,41184,41195,41197,41241,41245,41252,41304,41306,41315,41319,41322,41415,41418,41442,41446,41449,41541,41546,41550,41557,41562,41586,41588,41597,41602,41625,41627,41635,41642,41665,41673,41675,41688,41698,41700,41704,41711,41715,41724,41728,41735,41739,41743,41747,41760,41762,41792],[10,39691,39687],{"id":39692},"python-float-function-explained",[14,39694,8720,39695,39697],{},[52,39696,2471],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[14,39699,39700,39701,39703],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[52,39702,2471],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[37,39705,1588],{"id":1587},[45,39707,39709],{"className":47,"code":39708,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[52,39710,39711,39725,39744],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39712,39713,39715,39717,39719,39721,39723],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39714,117],{"class":116},[55,39716,120],{"class":69},[55,39718,1776],{"class":850},[55,39720,120],{"class":69},[55,39722,817],{"class":130},[55,39724,1357],{"class":69},[55,39726,39727,39729,39731,39733,39735,39737,39740,39742],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39728,117],{"class":116},[55,39730,120],{"class":69},[55,39732,1776],{"class":850},[55,39734,120],{"class":69},[55,39736,74],{"class":73},[55,39738,39739],{"class":77},"3.14",[55,39741,74],{"class":73},[55,39743,1357],{"class":69},[55,39745,39746,39748,39750,39752,39754,39756],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,39747,117],{"class":116},[55,39749,120],{"class":69},[55,39751,1776],{"class":850},[55,39753,120],{"class":69},[55,39755,3194],{"class":3443},[55,39757,1357],{"class":69},[14,39759,314],{},[45,39761,39763],{"className":47,"code":39762,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[52,39764,39765,39769,39774],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39766,39767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39768,2065],{"class":130},[55,39770,39771],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39772,39773],{"class":130},"3.14\n",[55,39775,39776],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,39777,39778],{"class":130},"1.0\n",[14,39780,1440,39781,39783],{},[52,39782,2471],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[37,39785,39787],{"id":39786},"what-float-does","What float() does",[14,39789,39790,39792],{},[52,39791,2471],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[14,39794,39795],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[21,39797,39798,39802,39806],{},[24,39799,39800],{},[52,39801,2077],{},[24,39803,39804],{},[52,39805,39739],{},[24,39807,39808],{},[52,39809,39810],{},"0.5",[14,39812,39813],{},"A few key points:",[21,39815,39816,39823,39826,39829],{},[24,39817,39818,39820,39821],{},[52,39819,2471],{}," returns a value of type ",[52,39822,1776],{},[24,39824,39825],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[24,39827,39828],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[24,39830,39831,39832],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[194,39833,39834],{"href":7814},[52,39835,2545],{},[14,39837,233],{},[45,39839,39841],{"className":47,"code":39840,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[52,39842,39843,39863,39873],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39844,39845,39847,39849,39852,39854,39856,39859,39861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39846,1801],{"class":61},[55,39848,66],{"class":65},[55,39850,39851],{"class":850}," float",[55,39853,120],{"class":69},[55,39855,74],{"class":73},[55,39857,39858],{"class":77},"2.75",[55,39860,74],{"class":73},[55,39862,103],{"class":69},[55,39864,39865,39867,39869,39871],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39866,117],{"class":116},[55,39868,120],{"class":69},[55,39870,1824],{"class":123},[55,39872,103],{"class":69},[55,39874,39875,39877,39879,39881,39883,39885],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,39876,117],{"class":116},[55,39878,120],{"class":69},[55,39880,1396],{"class":850},[55,39882,120],{"class":69},[55,39884,1824],{"class":123},[55,39886,1357],{"class":69},[14,39888,314],{},[45,39890,39892],{"className":47,"code":39891,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[52,39893,39894,39899],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39895,39896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39897,39898],{"class":130},"2.75\n",[55,39900,39901,39903,39905,39907,39909,39911],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,39902,2878],{"class":65},[55,39904,2881],{"class":1648},[55,39906,2884],{"class":73},[55,39908,1776],{"class":77},[55,39910,2889],{"class":73},[55,39912,2892],{"class":65},[37,39914,1740],{"id":1739},[14,39916,6812],{},[45,39918,39920],{"className":47,"code":39919,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"float(value)\n",[52,39921,39922],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39923,39924,39926,39928,39930],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39925,1776],{"class":850},[55,39927,120],{"class":69},[55,39929,2058],{"class":123},[55,39931,103],{"class":69},[14,39933,39934,39935,198],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[52,39936,2471],{},[14,39938,39939,39940,39942,39943,854],{},"If you call ",[52,39941,2471],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[52,39944,3358],{},[45,39946,39948],{"className":47,"code":39947,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float())\n",[52,39949,39950],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39951,39952,39954,39956,39958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39953,117],{"class":116},[55,39955,120],{"class":69},[55,39957,1776],{"class":850},[55,39959,6788],{"class":69},[14,39961,314],{},[45,39963,39965],{"className":47,"code":39964,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0.0\n",[52,39966,39967],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39968,39969],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39970,39964],{"class":130},[14,39972,39973],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[45,39975,39977],{"className":47,"code":39976,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[52,39978,39979,39999],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,39980,39981,39984,39986,39988,39990,39992,39995,39997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,39982,39983],{"class":61},"price ",[55,39985,66],{"class":65},[55,39987,39851],{"class":850},[55,39989,120],{"class":69},[55,39991,74],{"class":73},[55,39993,39994],{"class":77},"19.99",[55,39996,74],{"class":73},[55,39998,103],{"class":69},[55,40000,40001,40003,40005,40007],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40002,117],{"class":116},[55,40004,120],{"class":69},[55,40006,24747],{"class":123},[55,40008,103],{"class":69},[37,40010,40012],{"id":40011},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[14,40014,40015,40017],{},[52,40016,2471],{}," can convert several common value types.",[1425,40019,40021],{"id":40020},"integers","Integers",[14,40023,40024,40025,40028],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[52,40026,40027],{},".0"," added:",[45,40030,40032],{"className":47,"code":40031,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[52,40033,40034,40048],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40035,40036,40038,40040,40042,40044,40046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40037,117],{"class":116},[55,40039,120],{"class":69},[55,40041,1776],{"class":850},[55,40043,120],{"class":69},[55,40045,817],{"class":130},[55,40047,1357],{"class":69},[55,40049,40050,40052,40054,40056,40058,40060,40062],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40051,117],{"class":116},[55,40053,120],{"class":69},[55,40055,1776],{"class":850},[55,40057,120],{"class":69},[55,40059,171],{"class":65},[55,40061,309],{"class":130},[55,40063,1357],{"class":69},[14,40065,314],{},[45,40067,40069],{"className":47,"code":40068,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[52,40070,40071,40075],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40072,40073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40074,2065],{"class":130},[55,40076,40077,40079],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40078,171],{"class":65},[55,40080,40081],{"class":130},"2.0\n",[1425,40083,40085],{"id":40084},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[14,40087,40088],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[45,40090,40092],{"className":47,"code":40091,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[52,40093,40094,40112],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40095,40096,40098,40100,40102,40104,40106,40108,40110],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40097,117],{"class":116},[55,40099,120],{"class":69},[55,40101,1776],{"class":850},[55,40103,120],{"class":69},[55,40105,74],{"class":73},[55,40107,39739],{"class":77},[55,40109,74],{"class":73},[55,40111,1357],{"class":69},[55,40113,40114,40116,40118,40120,40122,40124,40126,40128],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40115,117],{"class":116},[55,40117,120],{"class":69},[55,40119,1776],{"class":850},[55,40121,120],{"class":69},[55,40123,74],{"class":73},[55,40125,250],{"class":77},[55,40127,74],{"class":73},[55,40129,1357],{"class":69},[14,40131,314],{},[45,40133,40135],{"className":47,"code":40134,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3.14\n10.0\n",[52,40136,40137,40141],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40138,40139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40140,39773],{"class":130},[55,40142,40143],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40144,40145],{"class":130},"10.0\n",[1425,40147,40149],{"id":40148},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[14,40151,40152],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[45,40154,40156],{"className":47,"code":40155,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[52,40157,40158],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40159,40160,40162,40164,40166,40168,40170,40173,40175],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40161,117],{"class":116},[55,40163,120],{"class":69},[55,40165,1776],{"class":850},[55,40167,120],{"class":69},[55,40169,74],{"class":73},[55,40171,40172],{"class":77},"  8.5  ",[55,40174,74],{"class":73},[55,40176,1357],{"class":69},[14,40178,314],{},[45,40180,40182],{"className":47,"code":40181,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"8.5\n",[52,40183,40184],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40185,40186],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40187,40181],{"class":130},[1425,40189,40191],{"id":40190},"booleans","Booleans",[14,40193,40194],{},"Boolean values also work:",[45,40196,40198],{"className":47,"code":40197,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[52,40199,40200,40214],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40201,40202,40204,40206,40208,40210,40212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40203,117],{"class":116},[55,40205,120],{"class":69},[55,40207,1776],{"class":850},[55,40209,120],{"class":69},[55,40211,3194],{"class":3443},[55,40213,1357],{"class":69},[55,40215,40216,40218,40220,40222,40224,40226],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40217,117],{"class":116},[55,40219,120],{"class":69},[55,40221,1776],{"class":850},[55,40223,120],{"class":69},[55,40225,3261],{"class":3443},[55,40227,1357],{"class":69},[14,40229,314],{},[45,40231,40233],{"className":47,"code":40232,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1.0\n0.0\n",[52,40234,40235,40239],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40236,40237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40238,39778],{"class":130},[55,40240,40241],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40242,39964],{"class":130},[1425,40244,40246],{"id":40245},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[14,40248,40249,40250,40252],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[52,40251,2471],{}," returns a float version of it:",[45,40254,40256],{"className":47,"code":40255,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(4.2))\n",[52,40257,40258],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40259,40260,40262,40264,40266,40268,40270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40261,117],{"class":116},[55,40263,120],{"class":69},[55,40265,1776],{"class":850},[55,40267,120],{"class":69},[55,40269,1947],{"class":130},[55,40271,1357],{"class":69},[14,40273,314],{},[45,40275,40276],{"className":47,"code":1970,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,40277,40278],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40279,40280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40281,1970],{"class":130},[37,40283,40285],{"id":40284},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[14,40287,40288,40289,198],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[52,40290,2471],{},[1425,40292,40294],{"id":40293},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[14,40296,40297,40298,854],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[52,40299,40300],{},"ValueError",[45,40302,40304],{"className":47,"code":40303,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[52,40305,40306],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40307,40308,40310,40312,40314,40316,40318,40320,40322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40309,117],{"class":116},[55,40311,120],{"class":69},[55,40313,1776],{"class":850},[55,40315,120],{"class":69},[55,40317,74],{"class":73},[55,40319,3436],{"class":77},[55,40321,74],{"class":73},[55,40323,1357],{"class":69},[14,40325,29278],{},[45,40327,40329],{"className":47,"code":40328,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[52,40330,40331],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40332,40333,40335,40337,40340,40342,40345,40347,40349,40351,40353],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40334,40300],{"class":850},[55,40336,854],{"class":69},[55,40338,40339],{"class":61}," could ",[55,40341,4222],{"class":65},[55,40343,40344],{"class":61}," convert string to ",[55,40346,1776],{"class":850},[55,40348,854],{"class":69},[55,40350,2884],{"class":73},[55,40352,3436],{"class":77},[55,40354,29297],{"class":73},[14,40356,40357],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[45,40359,40361],{"className":47,"code":40360,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[52,40362,40363],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40364,40365,40367,40369,40371,40373,40375],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40366,117],{"class":116},[55,40368,120],{"class":69},[55,40370,1776],{"class":850},[55,40372,120],{"class":69},[55,40374,5866],{"class":73},[55,40376,1357],{"class":69},[1425,40378,40380],{"id":40379},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[14,40382,40383],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[45,40385,40387],{"className":47,"code":40386,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[52,40388,40389],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40390,40391,40393,40395,40397,40399,40401,40403,40405,40407,40409],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40392,117],{"class":116},[55,40394,120],{"class":69},[55,40396,1776],{"class":850},[55,40398,2573],{"class":69},[55,40400,152],{"class":130},[55,40402,83],{"class":69},[55,40404,976],{"class":130},[55,40406,83],{"class":69},[55,40408,2036],{"class":130},[55,40410,2586],{"class":69},[14,40412,29278],{},[45,40414,40416],{"className":47,"code":40415,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[52,40417,40418],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40419,40420,40422,40424,40426,40428,40431,40434,40437,40439,40441,40443,40445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40421,2592],{"class":850},[55,40423,854],{"class":69},[55,40425,39851],{"class":850},[55,40427,6960],{"class":69},[55,40429,40430],{"class":61}," argument must be a string ",[55,40432,40433],{"class":65},"or",[55,40435,40436],{"class":61}," a real number",[55,40438,83],{"class":69},[55,40440,7694],{"class":65},[55,40442,2884],{"class":73},[55,40444,7688],{"class":77},[55,40446,29297],{"class":73},[1425,40448,40450],{"id":40449},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[14,40452,40453],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[45,40455,40457],{"className":47,"code":40456,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[52,40458,40459],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40460,40461,40463,40465,40467,40469,40471,40474,40476],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40462,117],{"class":116},[55,40464,120],{"class":69},[55,40466,1776],{"class":850},[55,40468,120],{"class":69},[55,40470,74],{"class":73},[55,40472,40473],{"class":77},"3,14",[55,40475,74],{"class":73},[55,40477,1357],{"class":69},[14,40479,2589,40480,198],{},[52,40481,40300],{},[14,40483,40484,40485,3983,40489,198],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[194,40486,40488],{"href":40487},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[194,40490,40492],{"href":40491},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[37,40494,17017],{"id":17016},[14,40496,40497,40499],{},[52,40498,2471],{}," returns a new float value.",[14,40501,40502,40503,40505],{},"It does ",[3332,40504,4222],{}," change the original value in place.",[14,40507,233],{},[45,40509,40511],{"className":47,"code":40510,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[52,40512,40513,40526,40540,40544,40554,40564,40578],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40514,40515,40517,40519,40521,40524],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40516,34287],{"class":61},[55,40518,66],{"class":65},[55,40520,86],{"class":73},[55,40522,40523],{"class":77},"6.5",[55,40525,1288],{"class":73},[55,40527,40528,40530,40532,40534,40536,40538],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40529,1801],{"class":61},[55,40531,66],{"class":65},[55,40533,39851],{"class":850},[55,40535,120],{"class":69},[55,40537,34308],{"class":123},[55,40539,103],{"class":69},[55,40541,40542],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,40543,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,40545,40546,40548,40550,40552],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,40547,117],{"class":116},[55,40549,120],{"class":69},[55,40551,34308],{"class":123},[55,40553,103],{"class":69},[55,40555,40556,40558,40560,40562],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,40557,117],{"class":116},[55,40559,120],{"class":69},[55,40561,1824],{"class":123},[55,40563,103],{"class":69},[55,40565,40566,40568,40570,40572,40574,40576],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,40567,117],{"class":116},[55,40569,120],{"class":69},[55,40571,1396],{"class":850},[55,40573,120],{"class":69},[55,40575,34308],{"class":123},[55,40577,1357],{"class":69},[55,40579,40580,40582,40584,40586,40588,40590],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,40581,117],{"class":116},[55,40583,120],{"class":69},[55,40585,1396],{"class":850},[55,40587,120],{"class":69},[55,40589,1824],{"class":123},[55,40591,1357],{"class":69},[14,40593,314],{},[45,40595,40597],{"className":47,"code":40596,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[52,40598,40599,40604,40608,40622],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40600,40601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40602,40603],{"class":130},"6.5\n",[55,40605,40606],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40607,40603],{"class":130},[55,40609,40610,40612,40614,40616,40618,40620],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,40611,2878],{"class":65},[55,40613,2881],{"class":1648},[55,40615,2884],{"class":73},[55,40617,3032],{"class":77},[55,40619,2889],{"class":73},[55,40621,2892],{"class":65},[55,40623,40624,40626,40628,40630,40632,40634],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,40625,2878],{"class":65},[55,40627,2881],{"class":1648},[55,40629,2884],{"class":73},[55,40631,1776],{"class":77},[55,40633,2889],{"class":73},[55,40635,2892],{"class":65},[14,40637,40638],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[37,40640,40642],{"id":40641},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[1425,40644,40646,40647,40649],{"id":40645},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[52,40648,2545],{}," text into a decimal number",[14,40651,1563,40652,40656,40657,198],{},[194,40653,40654,1888],{"href":7814},[52,40655,2545],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[52,40658,2471],{},[45,40660,40662],{"className":47,"code":40661,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[52,40663,40664,40683,40697,40701],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40665,40666,40668,40670,40672,40674,40676,40679,40681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40667,7832],{"class":61},[55,40669,66],{"class":65},[55,40671,7837],{"class":116},[55,40673,120],{"class":69},[55,40675,74],{"class":73},[55,40677,40678],{"class":77},"Enter a price: ",[55,40680,74],{"class":73},[55,40682,103],{"class":69},[55,40684,40685,40687,40689,40691,40693,40695],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40686,39983],{"class":61},[55,40688,66],{"class":65},[55,40690,39851],{"class":850},[55,40692,120],{"class":69},[55,40694,7861],{"class":123},[55,40696,103],{"class":69},[55,40698,40699],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,40700,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,40702,40703,40705,40707,40709,40711,40713],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,40704,117],{"class":116},[55,40706,120],{"class":69},[55,40708,39983],{"class":123},[55,40710,39468],{"class":65},[55,40712,976],{"class":130},[55,40714,103],{"class":69},[14,40716,40717,40718,40721],{},"If the user enters ",[52,40719,40720],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[45,40723,40725],{"className":47,"code":40724,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"9.0\n",[52,40726,40727],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40728,40729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40730,40724],{"class":130},[14,40732,40733,40734,198],{},"For more help with this, see ",[194,40735,8578],{"href":8577},[1425,40737,40739],{"id":40738},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[45,40741,40743],{"className":47,"code":40742,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[52,40744,40745,40758,40771,40775,40800],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40746,40747,40749,40751,40753,40756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40748,2141],{"class":61},[55,40750,66],{"class":65},[55,40752,86],{"class":73},[55,40754,40755],{"class":77},"2.5",[55,40757,1288],{"class":73},[55,40759,40760,40762,40764,40766,40769],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40761,2169],{"class":61},[55,40763,66],{"class":65},[55,40765,86],{"class":73},[55,40767,40768],{"class":77},"1.5",[55,40770,1288],{"class":73},[55,40772,40773],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,40774,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,40776,40777,40780,40782,40784,40786,40788,40790,40792,40794,40796,40798],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,40778,40779],{"class":61},"total ",[55,40781,66],{"class":65},[55,40783,39851],{"class":850},[55,40785,120],{"class":69},[55,40787,194],{"class":123},[55,40789,970],{"class":69},[55,40791,2039],{"class":65},[55,40793,39851],{"class":850},[55,40795,120],{"class":69},[55,40797,786],{"class":123},[55,40799,103],{"class":69},[55,40801,40802,40804,40806,40809],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,40803,117],{"class":116},[55,40805,120],{"class":69},[55,40807,40808],{"class":123},"total",[55,40810,103],{"class":69},[14,40812,314],{},[45,40814,40816],{"className":47,"code":40815,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"4.0\n",[52,40817,40818],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40819,40820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40821,40815],{"class":130},[1425,40823,40825],{"id":40824},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[14,40827,40828],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[45,40830,40832],{"className":47,"code":40831,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,40833,40834,40844,40859,40863],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40835,40836,40839,40841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40837,40838],{"class":61},"count ",[55,40840,66],{"class":65},[55,40842,40843],{"class":130}," 7\n",[55,40845,40846,40848,40850,40852,40854,40857],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40847,1814],{"class":61},[55,40849,66],{"class":65},[55,40851,39851],{"class":850},[55,40853,120],{"class":69},[55,40855,40856],{"class":123},"count",[55,40858,103],{"class":69},[55,40860,40861],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,40862,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,40864,40865,40867,40869,40871],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,40866,117],{"class":116},[55,40868,120],{"class":69},[55,40870,1849],{"class":123},[55,40872,103],{"class":69},[14,40874,314],{},[45,40876,40878],{"className":47,"code":40877,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"7.0\n",[52,40879,40880],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40881,40882],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40883,40877],{"class":130},[1425,40885,40887],{"id":40886},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[14,40889,40890,40891,40893],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[52,40892,2471],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[45,40895,40897],{"className":47,"code":40896,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[52,40898,40899,40913,40929,40933],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40900,40901,40904,40906,40908,40911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40902,40903],{"class":61},"temperature_text ",[55,40905,66],{"class":65},[55,40907,86],{"class":73},[55,40909,40910],{"class":77},"21.8",[55,40912,1288],{"class":73},[55,40914,40915,40918,40920,40922,40924,40927],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,40916,40917],{"class":61},"temperature ",[55,40919,66],{"class":65},[55,40921,39851],{"class":850},[55,40923,120],{"class":69},[55,40925,40926],{"class":123},"temperature_text",[55,40928,103],{"class":69},[55,40930,40931],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,40932,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,40934,40935,40937,40939,40942],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,40936,117],{"class":116},[55,40938,120],{"class":69},[55,40940,40941],{"class":123},"temperature",[55,40943,103],{"class":69},[37,40945,40947],{"id":40946},"special-values","Special values",[14,40949,40950,40952],{},[52,40951,2471],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[1425,40954,40956],{"id":40955},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[45,40958,40960],{"className":47,"code":40959,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[52,40961,40962],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40963,40964,40966,40968,40970,40972,40974,40977,40979],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40965,117],{"class":116},[55,40967,120],{"class":69},[55,40969,1776],{"class":850},[55,40971,120],{"class":69},[55,40973,74],{"class":73},[55,40975,40976],{"class":77},"inf",[55,40978,74],{"class":73},[55,40980,1357],{"class":69},[14,40982,314],{},[45,40984,40986],{"className":47,"code":40985,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"inf\n",[52,40987,40988],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,40989,40990],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,40991,40985],{"class":61},[1425,40993,40995],{"id":40994},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[45,40997,40999],{"className":47,"code":40998,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[52,41000,41001],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41002,41003,41005,41007,41009,41011,41013,41016,41018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41004,117],{"class":116},[55,41006,120],{"class":69},[55,41008,1776],{"class":850},[55,41010,120],{"class":69},[55,41012,74],{"class":73},[55,41014,41015],{"class":77},"-inf",[55,41017,74],{"class":73},[55,41019,1357],{"class":69},[14,41021,314],{},[45,41023,41025],{"className":47,"code":41024,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"-inf\n",[52,41026,41027],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41028,41029,41031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41030,171],{"class":65},[55,41032,40985],{"class":61},[1425,41034,41036],{"id":41035},"not-a-number","Not a number",[45,41038,41040],{"className":47,"code":41039,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[52,41041,41042],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41043,41044,41046,41048,41050,41052,41054,41057,41059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41045,117],{"class":116},[55,41047,120],{"class":69},[55,41049,1776],{"class":850},[55,41051,120],{"class":69},[55,41053,74],{"class":73},[55,41055,41056],{"class":77},"nan",[55,41058,74],{"class":73},[55,41060,1357],{"class":69},[14,41062,314],{},[45,41064,41066],{"className":47,"code":41065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"nan\n",[52,41067,41068],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41069,41070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41071,41065],{"class":61},[14,41073,41074],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[21,41076,41077,41082,41087],{},[24,41078,41079,41081],{},[52,41080,40976],{}," means positive infinity",[24,41083,41084,41086],{},[52,41085,41015],{}," means negative infinity",[24,41088,41089,41091],{},[52,41090,41056],{}," means “not a number”",[14,41093,41094,41095,41097],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[52,41096,2471],{}," accepts them.",[37,41099,41101],{"id":41100},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[14,41103,41104,41105,41107],{},"The most common problems with ",[52,41106,2471],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[1425,41109,40300],{"id":41110},"valueerror",[14,41112,14786,41113,41115],{},[52,41114,40300],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[14,41117,41118],{},"Common causes:",[21,41120,41121,41127,41130,41133],{},[24,41122,41123,41124],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[52,41125,41126],{},"\"abc\"",[24,41128,41129],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[24,41131,41132],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[24,41134,4296,41135],{},[194,41136,41137,41139],{"href":7814},[52,41138,2545],{}," returns a string",[14,41141,233],{},[45,41143,41145],{"className":47,"code":41144,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[52,41146,41147,41160],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41148,41149,41151,41153,41155,41158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41150,2031],{"class":61},[55,41152,66],{"class":65},[55,41154,86],{"class":73},[55,41156,41157],{"class":77},"abc",[55,41159,1288],{"class":73},[55,41161,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170,41172],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,41163,117],{"class":116},[55,41165,120],{"class":69},[55,41167,1776],{"class":850},[55,41169,120],{"class":69},[55,41171,2058],{"class":123},[55,41173,1357],{"class":69},[1425,41175,2592],{"id":41176},"typeerror",[14,41178,14786,41179,41181],{},[52,41180,2592],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[14,41183,41118],{},[21,41185,41186,41189,41192],{},[24,41187,41188],{},"Passing a list",[24,41190,41191],{},"Passing a dictionary",[24,41193,41194],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[14,41196,233],{},[45,41198,41200],{"className":47,"code":41199,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[52,41201,41202,41227],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41203,41204,41206,41208,41210,41212,41214,41216,41218,41220,41223,41225],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41205,2031],{"class":61},[55,41207,66],{"class":65},[55,41209,10088],{"class":69},[55,41211,74],{"class":73},[55,41213,24747],{"class":77},[55,41215,74],{"class":73},[55,41217,854],{"class":69},[55,41219,86],{"class":73},[55,41221,41222],{"class":77},"9.99",[55,41224,74],{"class":73},[55,41226,8906],{"class":69},[55,41228,41229,41231,41233,41235,41237,41239],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,41230,117],{"class":116},[55,41232,120],{"class":69},[55,41234,1776],{"class":850},[55,41236,120],{"class":69},[55,41238,2058],{"class":123},[55,41240,1357],{"class":69},[1425,41242,41244],{"id":41243},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[14,41246,41247,41248,41251],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[52,41249,41250],{},"strip()"," can help:",[45,41253,41255],{"className":47,"code":41254,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[52,41256,41257,41270,41285,41289],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41258,41259,41261,41263,41265,41268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41260,2031],{"class":61},[55,41262,66],{"class":65},[55,41264,86],{"class":73},[55,41266,41267],{"class":77},"  7.25  ",[55,41269,1288],{"class":73},[55,41271,41272,41275,41277,41279,41281,41283],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,41273,41274],{"class":61},"clean_value ",[55,41276,66],{"class":65},[55,41278,8028],{"class":61},[55,41280,198],{"class":69},[55,41282,8230],{"class":123},[55,41284,8239],{"class":69},[55,41286,41287],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,41288,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,41290,41291,41293,41295,41297,41299,41302],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,41292,117],{"class":116},[55,41294,120],{"class":69},[55,41296,1776],{"class":850},[55,41298,120],{"class":69},[55,41300,41301],{"class":123},"clean_value",[55,41303,1357],{"class":69},[14,41305,314],{},[45,41307,41309],{"className":47,"code":41308,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"7.25\n",[52,41310,41311],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41312,41313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41314,41308],{"class":130},[1425,41316,41318],{"id":41317},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[14,41320,41321],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[45,41323,41325],{"className":47,"code":41324,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[52,41326,41327,41340,41344,41354,41368,41383,41387,41401],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41328,41329,41331,41333,41335,41338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41330,2031],{"class":61},[55,41332,66],{"class":65},[55,41334,86],{"class":73},[55,41336,41337],{"class":77}," 3.5 ",[55,41339,1288],{"class":73},[55,41341,41342],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,41343,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,41345,41346,41348,41350,41352],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,41347,117],{"class":116},[55,41349,120],{"class":69},[55,41351,2058],{"class":123},[55,41353,103],{"class":69},[55,41355,41356,41358,41360,41362,41364,41366],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,41357,117],{"class":116},[55,41359,120],{"class":69},[55,41361,1396],{"class":850},[55,41363,120],{"class":69},[55,41365,2058],{"class":123},[55,41367,1357],{"class":69},[55,41369,41370,41372,41374,41377,41379,41381],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,41371,117],{"class":116},[55,41373,120],{"class":69},[55,41375,41376],{"class":116},"repr",[55,41378,120],{"class":69},[55,41380,2058],{"class":123},[55,41382,1357],{"class":69},[55,41384,41385],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,41386,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,41388,41389,41391,41393,41395,41397,41399],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,41390,41274],{"class":61},[55,41392,66],{"class":65},[55,41394,8028],{"class":61},[55,41396,198],{"class":69},[55,41398,8230],{"class":123},[55,41400,8239],{"class":69},[55,41402,41403,41405,41407,41409,41411,41413],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,41404,117],{"class":116},[55,41406,120],{"class":69},[55,41408,1776],{"class":850},[55,41410,120],{"class":69},[55,41412,41301],{"class":123},[55,41414,1357],{"class":69},[14,41416,41417],{},"Why this helps:",[21,41419,41420,41426,41431,41437],{},[24,41421,41422,41425],{},[52,41423,41424],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[24,41427,41428,20964],{},[52,41429,41430],{},"print(type(value))",[24,41432,41433,41436],{},[52,41434,41435],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[24,41438,41439,41441],{},[52,41440,41250],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[1425,41443,41445],{"id":41444},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[14,41447,41448],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[45,41450,41452],{"className":47,"code":41451,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[52,41453,41454,41473,41477,41483,41498,41517,41526],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41455,41456,41458,41460,41462,41464,41466,41469,41471],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41457,2031],{"class":61},[55,41459,66],{"class":65},[55,41461,7837],{"class":116},[55,41463,120],{"class":69},[55,41465,74],{"class":73},[55,41467,41468],{"class":77},"Enter a number: ",[55,41470,74],{"class":73},[55,41472,103],{"class":69},[55,41474,41475],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,41476,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,41478,41479,41481],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,41480,29401],{"class":959},[55,41482,979],{"class":69},[55,41484,41485,41488,41490,41492,41494,41496],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,41486,41487],{"class":61},"    number ",[55,41489,66],{"class":65},[55,41491,39851],{"class":850},[55,41493,120],{"class":69},[55,41495,2058],{"class":123},[55,41497,103],{"class":69},[55,41499,41500,41502,41504,41506,41509,41511,41513,41515],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,41501,985],{"class":116},[55,41503,120],{"class":69},[55,41505,74],{"class":73},[55,41507,41508],{"class":77},"Converted:",[55,41510,74],{"class":73},[55,41512,83],{"class":69},[55,41514,1781],{"class":123},[55,41516,103],{"class":69},[55,41518,41519,41521,41524],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,41520,29432],{"class":959},[55,41522,41523],{"class":850}," ValueError",[55,41525,979],{"class":69},[55,41527,41528,41530,41532,41534,41537,41539],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,41529,985],{"class":116},[55,41531,120],{"class":69},[55,41533,74],{"class":73},[55,41535,41536],{"class":77},"That is not a valid number.",[55,41538,74],{"class":73},[55,41540,103],{"class":69},[14,41542,41543,41544,198],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[194,41545,40492],{"href":40491},[37,41547,41549],{"id":41548},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[14,41551,10188,41552,3983,41554,41556],{},[52,41553,2471],{},[52,41555,2464],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[14,41558,41559,41561],{},[52,41560,2471],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[45,41563,41565],{"className":47,"code":41564,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[52,41566,41567],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41568,41569,41571,41573,41575,41577,41579,41582,41584],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41570,117],{"class":116},[55,41572,120],{"class":69},[55,41574,1776],{"class":850},[55,41576,120],{"class":69},[55,41578,74],{"class":73},[55,41580,41581],{"class":77},"3.9",[55,41583,74],{"class":73},[55,41585,1357],{"class":69},[14,41587,314],{},[45,41589,41591],{"className":47,"code":41590,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3.9\n",[52,41592,41593],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41594,41595],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41596,41590],{"class":130},[14,41598,41599,41601],{},[52,41600,2464],{}," creates whole numbers:",[45,41603,41605],{"className":47,"code":41604,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[52,41606,41607],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41608,41609,41611,41613,41615,41617,41619,41621,41623],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41610,117],{"class":116},[55,41612,120],{"class":69},[55,41614,1772],{"class":850},[55,41616,120],{"class":69},[55,41618,74],{"class":73},[55,41620,250],{"class":77},[55,41622,74],{"class":73},[55,41624,1357],{"class":69},[14,41626,314],{},[45,41628,41629],{"className":47,"code":324,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,41630,41631],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41632,41633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41634,324],{"class":130},[14,41636,41637,41638,41641],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[52,41639,41640],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[45,41643,41645],{"className":47,"code":41644,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[52,41646,41647],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41648,41649,41651,41653,41655,41657,41659,41661,41663],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41650,117],{"class":116},[55,41652,120],{"class":69},[55,41654,1772],{"class":850},[55,41656,120],{"class":69},[55,41658,74],{"class":73},[55,41660,41581],{"class":77},[55,41662,74],{"class":73},[55,41664,1357],{"class":69},[14,41666,2589,41667,8197,41669,41672],{},[52,41668,40300],{},[52,41670,41671],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[14,41674,10311],{},[21,41676,41677,41683],{},[24,41678,41679,41682],{},[52,41680,41681],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[24,41684,41685,41687],{},[52,41686,41640],{}," fails",[14,41689,41690,41691,41694,41695,41697],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[194,41692,41693],{"href":2461},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[194,41696,2004],{"href":2003}," helpful.",[37,41699,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,41701,41703],{"id":41702},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[14,41705,41706,41707,2465,41709,198],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[52,41708,2077],{},[52,41710,39739],{},[1425,41712,41714],{"id":41713},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[14,41716,41717,41718,2465,41721,198],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[52,41719,41720],{},"\"2.5\"",[52,41722,41723],{},"\"10\"",[1425,41725,41727],{"id":41726},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[14,41729,28658,41730,41732,41733,198],{},[52,41731,41126],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[52,41734,40300],{},[1425,41736,41738],{"id":41737},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[14,41740,4739,41741,198],{},[52,41742,3358],{},[1425,41744,41746],{"id":41745},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[14,41748,41749,41750,41752,41753,3983,41756,41752,41758,198],{},"Yes. ",[52,41751,3194],{}," becomes ",[52,41754,41755],{},"1.0",[52,41757,3261],{},[52,41759,3358],{},[37,41761,1495],{"id":1494},[21,41763,41764,41768,41774,41779,41783,41787],{},[24,41765,41766],{},[194,41767,41693],{"href":2461},[24,41769,41770],{},[194,41771,41773],{"href":41772},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[24,41775,41776],{},[194,41777,41778],{"href":40487},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[24,41780,41781],{},[194,41782,8655],{"href":8577},[24,41784,41785],{},[194,41786,40492],{"href":40491},[24,41788,41789],{},[194,41790,41791],{"href":7814},"Python input() Function Explained",[1524,41793,41794],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki 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.su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":41796},[41797,41798,41799,41800,41807,41812,41813,41820,41825,41832,41833,41840],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":39786,"depth":106,"text":39787},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":40011,"depth":106,"text":40012,"children":41801},[41802,41803,41804,41805,41806],{"id":40020,"depth":113,"text":40021},{"id":40084,"depth":113,"text":40085},{"id":40148,"depth":113,"text":40149},{"id":40190,"depth":113,"text":40191},{"id":40245,"depth":113,"text":40246},{"id":40284,"depth":106,"text":40285,"children":41808},[41809,41810,41811],{"id":40293,"depth":113,"text":40294},{"id":40379,"depth":113,"text":40380},{"id":40449,"depth":113,"text":40450},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":40641,"depth":106,"text":40642,"children":41814},[41815,41817,41818,41819],{"id":40645,"depth":113,"text":41816},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40738,"depth":113,"text":40739},{"id":40824,"depth":113,"text":40825},{"id":40886,"depth":113,"text":40887},{"id":40946,"depth":106,"text":40947,"children":41821},[41822,41823,41824],{"id":40955,"depth":113,"text":40956},{"id":40994,"depth":113,"text":40995},{"id":41035,"depth":113,"text":41036},{"id":41100,"depth":106,"text":41101,"children":41826},[41827,41828,41829,41830,41831],{"id":41110,"depth":113,"text":40300},{"id":41176,"depth":113,"text":2592},{"id":41243,"depth":113,"text":41244},{"id":41317,"depth":113,"text":41318},{"id":41444,"depth":113,"text":41445},{"id":41548,"depth":106,"text":41549},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":41834},[41835,41836,41837,41838,41839],{"id":41702,"depth":113,"text":41703},{"id":41713,"depth":113,"text":41714},{"id":41726,"depth":113,"text":41727},{"id":41737,"depth":113,"text":41738},{"id":41745,"depth":113,"text":41746},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39687,"description":41841},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41848,"title":41849,"body":41850,"description":43070,"extension":1546,"meta":43071,"navigation":109,"path":34624,"seo":43072,"stem":43073,"__hash__":43074},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41851,"toc":43036},[41852,41855,41860,41863,41865,41904,41918,41922,41927,41930,41947,41950,41959,41974,41977,41979,41982,41998,42001,42004,42024,42028,42039,42042,42046,42050,42064,42099,42103,42114,42149,42152,42154,42162,42195,42211,42213,42223,42244,42255,42257,42262,42265,42279,42281,42300,42303,42316,42319,42323,42327,42341,42344,42362,42365,42380,42384,42389,42403,42409,42411,42468,42470,42503,42506,42522,42526,42533,42537,42542,42545,42556,42560,42565,42580,42589,42594,42613,42616,42628,42630,42635,42645,42648,42677,42682,42691,42695,42700,42703,42707,42712,42714,42744,42747,42754,42759,42764,42768,42771,42779,42782,42860,42863,42885,42887,42891,42894,42898,42904,42967,42971,42979,42983,42986,42988,43013,43033],[10,41853,41849],{"id":41854},"python-help-function-explained",[14,41856,3172,41857,41859],{},[52,41858,34627],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[14,41861,41862],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[37,41864,1588],{"id":1587},[45,41866,41868],{"className":47,"code":41867,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[52,41869,41870,41880,41890],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41871,41872,41874,41876,41878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41873,31751],{"class":116},[55,41875,120],{"class":69},[55,41877,940],{"class":116},[55,41879,103],{"class":69},[55,41881,41882,41884,41886,41888],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,41883,31751],{"class":116},[55,41885,120],{"class":69},[55,41887,3032],{"class":850},[55,41889,103],{"class":69},[55,41891,41892,41894,41896,41898,41900,41902],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,41893,31751],{"class":116},[55,41895,120],{"class":69},[55,41897,2889],{"class":73},[55,41899,34258],{"class":77},[55,41901,2889],{"class":73},[55,41903,103],{"class":69},[14,41905,1440,41906,41908,41909,2465,41911,41913,41914,41917],{},[52,41907,34627],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[52,41910,940],{},[52,41912,3032],{},", or use a string such as ",[52,41915,41916],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[37,41919,41921],{"id":41920},"what-help-does","What help() does",[14,41923,41924,41926],{},[52,41925,34627],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[14,41928,41929],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[21,41931,41932,41935,41938,41941,41944],{},[24,41933,41934],{},"Functions",[24,41936,41937],{},"Classes",[24,41939,41940],{},"Methods",[24,41942,41943],{},"Modules",[24,41945,41946],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[14,41948,41949],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[14,41951,41952,41953,41958],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[194,41954,41956],{"href":41955},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[52,41957,889],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[45,41960,41962],{"className":47,"code":41961,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(len)\n",[52,41963,41964],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41965,41966,41968,41970,41972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41967,31751],{"class":116},[55,41969,120],{"class":69},[55,41971,940],{"class":116},[55,41973,103],{"class":69},[14,41975,41976],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[37,41978,1740],{"id":1739},[14,41980,41981],{},"The main form is:",[45,41983,41985],{"className":47,"code":41984,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(object)\n",[52,41986,41987],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,41988,41989,41991,41993,41996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,41990,31751],{"class":116},[55,41992,120],{"class":69},[55,41994,41995],{"class":850},"object",[55,41997,103],{"class":69},[14,41999,42000],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[14,42002,42003],{},"Common examples include:",[21,42005,42006,42010,42015,42019],{},[24,42007,42008],{},[52,42009,940],{},[24,42011,42012],{},[52,42013,42014],{},"list.append",[24,42016,42017],{},[52,42018,3032],{},[24,42020,42021],{},[52,42022,42023],{},"open",[14,42025,6769,42026,6772],{},[52,42027,34627],{},[45,42029,42031],{"className":47,"code":42030,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help()\n",[52,42032,42033],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42034,42035,42037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42036,31751],{"class":116},[55,42038,8239],{"class":69},[14,42040,42041],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[37,42043,42045],{"id":42044},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[1425,42047,42049],{"id":42048},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[14,42051,42052,42053,1773,42055,1773,42057,16670,42060,198],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[52,42054,940],{},[52,42056,117],{},[52,42058,42059],{},"input",[194,42061,42062],{"href":1884},[52,42063,1887],{},[45,42065,42067],{"className":47,"code":42066,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[52,42068,42069,42079,42089],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42070,42071,42073,42075,42077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42072,31751],{"class":116},[55,42074,120],{"class":69},[55,42076,117],{"class":116},[55,42078,103],{"class":69},[55,42080,42081,42083,42085,42087],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42082,31751],{"class":116},[55,42084,120],{"class":69},[55,42086,42059],{"class":116},[55,42088,103],{"class":69},[55,42090,42091,42093,42095,42097],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,42092,31751],{"class":116},[55,42094,120],{"class":69},[55,42096,1396],{"class":850},[55,42098,103],{"class":69},[1425,42100,42102],{"id":42101},"data-types","Data types",[14,42104,42105,42106,1773,42108,1773,42110,16670,42112,198],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[52,42107,3032],{},[52,42109,7688],{},[52,42111,8418],{},[52,42113,5881],{},[45,42115,42117],{"className":47,"code":42116,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[52,42118,42119,42129,42139],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42120,42121,42123,42125,42127],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42122,31751],{"class":116},[55,42124,120],{"class":69},[55,42126,3032],{"class":850},[55,42128,103],{"class":69},[55,42130,42131,42133,42135,42137],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42132,31751],{"class":116},[55,42134,120],{"class":69},[55,42136,7688],{"class":850},[55,42138,103],{"class":69},[55,42140,42141,42143,42145,42147],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,42142,31751],{"class":116},[55,42144,120],{"class":69},[55,42146,8418],{"class":850},[55,42148,103],{"class":69},[14,42150,42151],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[1425,42153,41940],{"id":34105},[14,42155,42156,42157,3983,42160,198],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[52,42158,42159],{},"str.split",[52,42161,42014],{},[45,42163,42165],{"className":47,"code":42164,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[52,42166,42167,42181],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42168,42169,42171,42173,42175,42177,42179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42170,31751],{"class":116},[55,42172,120],{"class":69},[55,42174,3032],{"class":850},[55,42176,198],{"class":69},[55,42178,34068],{"class":24347},[55,42180,103],{"class":69},[55,42182,42183,42185,42187,42189,42191,42193],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42184,31751],{"class":116},[55,42186,120],{"class":69},[55,42188,7688],{"class":850},[55,42190,198],{"class":69},[55,42192,13149],{"class":24347},[55,42194,103],{"class":69},[14,42196,42197,42198,8301,42200,27910,42205,42207,42208,42210],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[52,42199,34627],{},[194,42201,42203],{"href":42202},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[52,42204,33911],{},[52,42206,33911],{}," shows available names, while ",[52,42209,34627],{}," explains one of them.",[1425,42212,41943],{"id":34258},[14,42214,42215,42216,1773,42218,16670,42220,198],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[52,42217,18014],{},[52,42219,34790],{},[52,42221,42222],{},"os",[45,42224,42226],{"className":47,"code":42225,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[52,42227,42228,42234],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42229,42230,42232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42231,34691],{"class":959},[55,42233,34694],{"class":61},[55,42235,42236,42238,42240,42242],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42237,31751],{"class":116},[55,42239,120],{"class":69},[55,42241,18014],{"class":123},[55,42243,103],{"class":69},[14,42245,42246,42247,42251,42252,198],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[194,42248,42250],{"href":42249},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[194,42253,34757],{"href":42254},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[37,42256,34518],{"id":34517},[14,42258,42259,42261],{},[52,42260,34627],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[14,42263,42264],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[21,42266,42267,42270,42273,42276],{},[24,42268,42269],{},"The function signature",[24,42271,42272],{},"The short description",[24,42274,42275],{},"Parameter names",[24,42277,42278],{},"Return value details, when shown",[14,42280,5064],{},[45,42282,42284],{"className":47,"code":42283,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(str.split)\n",[52,42285,42286],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42287,42288,42290,42292,42294,42296,42298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42289,31751],{"class":116},[55,42291,120],{"class":69},[55,42293,3032],{"class":850},[55,42295,198],{"class":69},[55,42297,34068],{"class":24347},[55,42299,103],{"class":69},[14,42301,42302],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[21,42304,42305,42308,42311,42313],{},[24,42306,42307],{},"What object this is",[24,42309,42310],{},"What arguments it accepts",[24,42312,21567],{},[24,42314,42315],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[14,42317,42318],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[37,42320,42322],{"id":42321},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[14,42324,42325,29471],{},[52,42326,34627],{},[21,42328,42329,42332,42335,42338],{},[24,42330,42331],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[24,42333,42334],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[24,42336,42337],{},"You are exploring a new module",[24,42339,42340],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[14,42342,42343],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[45,42345,42346],{"className":47,"code":42283,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,42347,42348],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42349,42350,42352,42354,42356,42358,42360],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42351,31751],{"class":116},[55,42353,120],{"class":69},[55,42355,3032],{"class":850},[55,42357,198],{"class":69},[55,42359,34068],{"class":24347},[55,42361,103],{"class":69},[14,42363,42364],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[45,42366,42368],{"className":47,"code":42367,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(open)\n",[52,42369,42370],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42371,42372,42374,42376,42378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42373,31751],{"class":116},[55,42375,120],{"class":69},[55,42377,42023],{"class":116},[55,42379,103],{"class":69},[37,42381,42383],{"id":42382},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[14,42385,42386,42388],{},[52,42387,34627],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[21,42390,42391,42394,42397,42400],{},[24,42392,42393],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[24,42395,42396],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[24,42398,42399],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[24,42401,42402],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[14,42404,42405,42406,42408],{},"So, ",[52,42407,34627],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[14,42410,5064],{},[45,42412,42414],{"className":47,"code":42413,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[52,42415,42416,42429,42453,42457],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42417,42418,42420,42422,42424,42427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42419,34287],{"class":61},[55,42421,66],{"class":65},[55,42423,86],{"class":73},[55,42425,42426],{"class":77},"a,b,c",[55,42428,1288],{"class":73},[55,42430,42431,42434,42436,42439,42441,42443,42445,42447,42449,42451],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42432,42433],{"class":61},"parts ",[55,42435,66],{"class":65},[55,42437,42438],{"class":61}," text",[55,42440,198],{"class":69},[55,42442,34068],{"class":123},[55,42444,120],{"class":69},[55,42446,74],{"class":73},[55,42448,83],{"class":77},[55,42450,74],{"class":73},[55,42452,103],{"class":69},[55,42454,42455],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,42456,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,42458,42459,42461,42463,42466],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,42460,117],{"class":116},[55,42462,120],{"class":69},[55,42464,42465],{"class":123},"parts",[55,42467,103],{"class":69},[14,42469,5152],{},[45,42471,42473],{"className":47,"code":42472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[52,42474,42475],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42476,42477,42479,42481,42483,42485,42487,42489,42491,42493,42495,42497,42499,42501],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42478,127],{"class":69},[55,42480,2889],{"class":73},[55,42482,194],{"class":77},[55,42484,2889],{"class":73},[55,42486,83],{"class":69},[55,42488,2884],{"class":73},[55,42490,786],{"class":77},[55,42492,2889],{"class":73},[55,42494,83],{"class":69},[55,42496,2884],{"class":73},[55,42498,795],{"class":77},[55,42500,2889],{"class":73},[55,42502,386],{"class":69},[14,42504,42505],{},"A good workflow is:",[28310,42507,42508,42513,42516,42519],{},[24,42509,1440,42510,42512],{},[52,42511,34627],{}," to inspect something",[24,42514,42515],{},"Write a tiny example",[24,42517,42518],{},"Check the result",[24,42520,42521],{},"Repeat",[37,42523,42525],{"id":42524},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[14,42527,42528,3983,42530,42532],{},[52,42529,34627],{},[52,42531,33911],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[1425,42534,42535],{"id":31751},[52,42536,34627],{},[14,42538,1440,42539,42541],{},[52,42540,34627],{}," when you want an explanation.",[14,42543,42544],{},"It tells you:",[21,42546,42547,42550,42553],{},[24,42548,42549],{},"What something is",[24,42551,42552],{},"How to use it",[24,42554,42555],{},"What parameters it accepts",[1425,42557,42558],{"id":33972},[52,42559,33911],{},[14,42561,1440,42562,42564],{},[52,42563,33911],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[45,42566,42568],{"className":47,"code":42567,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dir(str)\n",[52,42569,42570],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42571,42572,42574,42576,42578],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42573,33972],{"class":116},[55,42575,120],{"class":69},[55,42577,3032],{"class":850},[55,42579,103],{"class":69},[14,42581,42582,42583,1773,42585,16670,42587,198],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[52,42584,34068],{},[52,42586,8230],{},[52,42588,8236],{},[14,42590,42591,42592,854],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[52,42593,34627],{},[45,42595,42597],{"className":47,"code":42596,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(str.lower)\n",[52,42598,42599],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42600,42601,42603,42605,42607,42609,42611],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42602,31751],{"class":116},[55,42604,120],{"class":69},[55,42606,3032],{"class":850},[55,42608,198],{"class":69},[55,42610,8236],{"class":24347},[55,42612,103],{"class":69},[14,42614,42615],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[21,42617,42618,42623],{},[24,42619,1440,42620,42622],{},[52,42621,33911],{}," to discover options",[24,42624,1440,42625,42627],{},[52,42626,34627],{}," to understand one option",[37,42629,1298],{"id":1297},[14,42631,42632,42633,198],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[52,42634,34627],{},[1425,42636,8012,42638,42641,42642],{"id":42637},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[52,42639,42640],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[52,42643,42644],{},"help(len)",[14,42646,42647],{},"These are not always the same.",[45,42649,42651],{"className":47,"code":42650,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[52,42652,42653,42663],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42654,42655,42657,42659,42661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42656,31751],{"class":116},[55,42658,120],{"class":69},[55,42660,940],{"class":116},[55,42662,103],{"class":69},[55,42664,42665,42667,42669,42671,42673,42675],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42666,31751],{"class":116},[55,42668,120],{"class":69},[55,42670,2889],{"class":73},[55,42672,940],{"class":77},[55,42674,2889],{"class":73},[55,42676,103],{"class":69},[14,42678,42679,42681],{},[52,42680,42644],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[14,42683,42684,42686,42687,42690],{},[52,42685,42640],{}," treats ",[52,42688,42689],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[1425,42692,42694],{"id":42693},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[14,42696,42697,42699],{},[52,42698,34627],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[14,42701,42702],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[1425,42704,42706],{"id":42705},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[14,42708,39939,42709,42711],{},[52,42710,34627],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[14,42713,233],{},[45,42715,42717],{"className":47,"code":42716,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[52,42718,42719,42729],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42720,42721,42723,42725,42727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42722,31751],{"class":116},[55,42724,120],{"class":69},[55,42726,940],{"class":116},[55,42728,103],{"class":69},[55,42730,42731,42733,42735,42737,42740,42742],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42732,117],{"class":116},[55,42734,120],{"class":69},[55,42736,74],{"class":73},[55,42738,42739],{"class":77},"Done",[55,42741,74],{"class":73},[55,42743,103],{"class":69},[14,42745,42746],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[1425,42748,36800,42750,8301,42752],{"id":42749},"confusing-help-with-dir",[52,42751,34627],{},[52,42753,33911],{},[14,42755,42756,42757,198],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[52,42758,33911],{},[14,42760,42761,42762,198],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[52,42763,34627],{},[37,42765,42767],{"id":42766},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[14,42769,42770],{},"Open Python:",[45,42772,42773],{"className":47,"code":35143,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,42774,42775],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42776,42777],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42778,35143],{"class":61},[14,42780,42781],{},"Then test these commands:",[45,42783,42785],{"className":47,"code":42784,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[52,42786,42787,42797,42811,42825,42835,42850],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42788,42789,42791,42793,42795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42790,31751],{"class":116},[55,42792,120],{"class":69},[55,42794,940],{"class":116},[55,42796,103],{"class":69},[55,42798,42799,42801,42803,42805,42807,42809],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42800,31751],{"class":116},[55,42802,120],{"class":69},[55,42804,3032],{"class":850},[55,42806,198],{"class":69},[55,42808,34068],{"class":24347},[55,42810,103],{"class":69},[55,42812,42813,42815,42817,42819,42821,42823],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,42814,31751],{"class":116},[55,42816,120],{"class":69},[55,42818,7688],{"class":850},[55,42820,198],{"class":69},[55,42822,13149],{"class":24347},[55,42824,103],{"class":69},[55,42826,42827,42829,42831,42833],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,42828,31751],{"class":116},[55,42830,120],{"class":69},[55,42832,42023],{"class":116},[55,42834,103],{"class":69},[55,42836,42837,42839,42841,42843,42846,42848],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,42838,31751],{"class":116},[55,42840,120],{"class":69},[55,42842,2889],{"class":73},[55,42844,42845],{"class":77},"keywords",[55,42847,2889],{"class":73},[55,42849,103],{"class":69},[55,42851,42852,42854,42856,42858],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,42853,33972],{"class":116},[55,42855,120],{"class":69},[55,42857,3032],{"class":850},[55,42859,103],{"class":69},[14,42861,42862],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[21,42864,42865,42868,42871,42874,42877,42880],{},[24,42866,42867],{},"A built-in function",[24,42869,42870],{},"A string method",[24,42872,42873],{},"A list method",[24,42875,42876],{},"A built-in file function",[24,42878,42879],{},"A special help topic",[24,42881,14786,42882,42884],{},[52,42883,33911],{}," example for comparison",[37,42886,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,42888,42890],{"id":42889},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[14,42892,42893],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[1425,42895,42897],{"id":42896},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[14,42899,42900,42901,42903],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[52,42902,34627],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[45,42905,42907],{"className":47,"code":42906,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[52,42908,42909,42921,42934,42953,42957],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,42910,42911,42913,42915,42917,42919],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,42912,34451],{"class":1648},[55,42914,34455],{"class":34454},[55,42916,120],{"class":69},[55,42918,7263],{"class":37259},[55,42920,839],{"class":69},[55,42922,42923,42927,42931],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,42924,42926],{"class":42925},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[55,42928,42930],{"class":42929},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[55,42932,42933],{"class":42925},"\"\"\"\n",[55,42935,42936,42938,42941,42944,42946,42948,42950],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,42937,34462],{"class":959},[55,42939,42940],{"class":1648}," f",[55,42942,42943],{"class":77},"\"Hello, ",[55,42945,8875],{"class":130},[55,42947,7263],{"class":61},[55,42949,21900],{"class":130},[55,42951,42952],{"class":77},"!\"\n",[55,42954,42955],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,42956,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,42958,42959,42961,42963,42965],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,42960,31751],{"class":116},[55,42962,120],{"class":69},[55,42964,34497],{"class":123},[55,42966,103],{"class":69},[1425,42968,42970],{"id":42969},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[14,42972,42973,42975,42976,42978],{},[52,42974,42644],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[52,42977,42640],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[1425,42980,42982],{"id":42981},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[14,42984,42985],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[37,42987,1495],{"id":1494},[21,42989,42990,42995,42999,43004,43009],{},[24,42991,42992],{},[194,42993,42994],{"href":42202},"Python dir() function explained",[24,42996,42997],{},[194,42998,8037],{"href":1884},[24,43000,43001],{},[194,43002,43003],{"href":41955},"Python len() function explained",[24,43005,43006],{},[194,43007,43008],{"href":42249},"How import works in Python",[24,43010,43011],{},[194,43012,34757],{"href":42254},[14,43014,43015,43016,43018,43019,1773,43021,16670,43023,43025,43026,2465,43029,43032],{},"Try ",[52,43017,34627],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[52,43020,940],{},[52,43022,117],{},[52,43024,42059],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[52,43027,43028],{},"dir(str)",[52,43030,43031],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1524,43034,43035],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":43037},[43038,43039,43040,43041,43047,43048,43049,43050,43054,43062,43063,43069],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":41920,"depth":106,"text":41921},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":42044,"depth":106,"text":42045,"children":43042},[43043,43044,43045,43046],{"id":42048,"depth":113,"text":42049},{"id":42101,"depth":113,"text":42102},{"id":34105,"depth":113,"text":41940},{"id":34258,"depth":113,"text":41943},{"id":34517,"depth":106,"text":34518},{"id":42321,"depth":106,"text":42322},{"id":42382,"depth":106,"text":42383},{"id":42524,"depth":106,"text":42525,"children":43051},[43052,43053],{"id":31751,"depth":113,"text":34627},{"id":33972,"depth":113,"text":33911},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":43055},[43056,43058,43059,43060],{"id":42637,"depth":113,"text":43057},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42693,"depth":113,"text":42694},{"id":42705,"depth":113,"text":42706},{"id":42749,"depth":113,"text":43061},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42766,"depth":106,"text":42767},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":43064},[43065,43066,43067,43068],{"id":42889,"depth":113,"text":42890},{"id":42896,"depth":113,"text":42897},{"id":42969,"depth":113,"text":42970},{"id":42981,"depth":113,"text":42982},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41849,"description":43070},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43076,"title":43077,"body":43078,"description":44440,"extension":1546,"meta":44441,"navigation":109,"path":44442,"seo":44443,"stem":44444,"__hash__":44445},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43079,"toc":44413},[43080,43086,43091,43097,43107,43166,43176,43187,43192,43198,43200,43218,43226,43228,43230,43245,43248,43259,43261,43352,43355,43359,43364,43385,43387,43498,43500,43527,43538,43542,43545,43628,43630,43638,43644,43650,43654,43657,43767,43769,43782,43785,43799,43807,43814,43819,43833,43839,43952,43954,44015,44018,44024,44030,44033,44055,44058,44128,44131,44163,44170,44172,44175,44193,44196,44208,44214,44216,44221,44247,44250,44322,44324,44330,44333,44339,44342,44348,44358,44364,44367,44374,44377,44379,44410],[10,43081,3165,43083,3169],{"id":43082},"python-id-function-explained",[52,43084,43085],{},"id()",[14,43087,31916,43088,43090],{},[52,43089,43085],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[14,43092,43093,43094,43096],{},"Beginners usually see ",[52,43095,43085],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[14,43098,1440,43099,43101,43102,43104,43105,198],{},[52,43100,43085],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3332,43103,4222],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[52,43106,4280],{},[45,43108,43110],{"className":47,"code":43109,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[52,43111,43112,43124,43138,43142,43152],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43113,43114,43116,43118,43120,43122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43115,7471],{"class":61},[55,43117,66],{"class":65},[55,43119,86],{"class":73},[55,43121,6891],{"class":77},[55,43123,1288],{"class":73},[55,43125,43126,43128,43130,43132,43134,43136],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43127,117],{"class":116},[55,43129,120],{"class":69},[55,43131,12249],{"class":116},[55,43133,120],{"class":69},[55,43135,7263],{"class":123},[55,43137,1357],{"class":69},[55,43139,43140],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,43141,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,43143,43144,43147,43149],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,43145,43146],{"class":61},"other ",[55,43148,66],{"class":65},[55,43150,43151],{"class":61}," name\n",[55,43153,43154,43156,43158,43160,43162,43164],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,43155,117],{"class":116},[55,43157,120],{"class":69},[55,43159,12249],{"class":116},[55,43161,120],{"class":69},[55,43163,30341],{"class":123},[55,43165,1357],{"class":69},[14,43167,43168,43169,43172,43173,43175],{},"In this example, ",[52,43170,43171],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[52,43174,43085],{}," values match.",[43177,43178,43179],"blockquote",{},[14,43180,1440,43181,43183,43184,43186],{},[52,43182,43085],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[52,43185,4280],{}," for value comparison.",[37,43188,3265,43190,3268],{"id":43189},"what-id-does",[52,43191,43085],{},[14,43193,43194,43197],{},[52,43195,43196],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[14,43199,12652],{},[21,43201,43202,43205,43212,43215],{},[24,43203,43204],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[24,43206,43207,43208,43211],{},"It shows ",[3332,43209,43210],{},"object identity",", not object value",[24,43213,43214],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[24,43216,43217],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[14,43219,43220,43221,43225],{},"This is closely related to how ",[194,43222,43224],{"href":43223},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[37,43227,1740],{"id":1739},[14,43229,5026],{},[45,43231,43233],{"className":47,"code":43232,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"id(object)\n",[52,43234,43235],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43236,43237,43239,43241,43243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43238,12249],{"class":116},[55,43240,120],{"class":69},[55,43242,41995],{"class":850},[55,43244,103],{"class":69},[14,43246,43247],{},"Important details:",[21,43249,43250,43253,43256],{},[24,43251,43252],{},"It takes one argument",[24,43254,43255],{},"It returns an integer",[24,43257,43258],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[14,43260,233],{},[45,43262,43264],{"className":47,"code":43263,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[52,43265,43266,43278,43286,43306,43310,43324,43338],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43267,43268,43270,43272,43274,43276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43269,34287],{"class":61},[55,43271,66],{"class":65},[55,43273,86],{"class":73},[55,43275,3436],{"class":77},[55,43277,1288],{"class":73},[55,43279,43280,43282,43284],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43281,1801],{"class":61},[55,43283,66],{"class":65},[55,43285,2356],{"class":130},[55,43287,43288,43290,43292,43294,43296,43298,43300,43302,43304],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,43289,7375],{"class":61},[55,43291,66],{"class":65},[55,43293,3211],{"class":69},[55,43295,152],{"class":130},[55,43297,83],{"class":69},[55,43299,976],{"class":130},[55,43301,83],{"class":69},[55,43303,2036],{"class":130},[55,43305,386],{"class":69},[55,43307,43308],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,43309,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,43311,43312,43314,43316,43318,43320,43322],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,43313,117],{"class":116},[55,43315,120],{"class":69},[55,43317,12249],{"class":116},[55,43319,120],{"class":69},[55,43321,34308],{"class":123},[55,43323,1357],{"class":69},[55,43325,43326,43328,43330,43332,43334,43336],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,43327,117],{"class":116},[55,43329,120],{"class":69},[55,43331,12249],{"class":116},[55,43333,120],{"class":69},[55,43335,1824],{"class":123},[55,43337,1357],{"class":69},[55,43339,43340,43342,43344,43346,43348,43350],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,43341,117],{"class":116},[55,43343,120],{"class":69},[55,43345,12249],{"class":116},[55,43347,120],{"class":69},[55,43349,7404],{"class":123},[55,43351,1357],{"class":69},[14,43353,43354],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[37,43356,43358],{"id":43357},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[14,43360,43361,43362,198],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[52,43363,43085],{},[21,43365,43366,43373,43380],{},[24,43367,43368,43370,43371],{},[52,43369,4280],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3332,43372,2058],{},[24,43374,43375,43377,43378],{},[52,43376,11793],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3332,43379,41995],{},[24,43381,43382,43384],{},[52,43383,43085],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[14,43386,233],{},[45,43388,43390],{"className":47,"code":43389,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[52,43391,43392,43412,43432,43436,43453,43470,43484],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43393,43394,43396,43398,43400,43402,43404,43406,43408,43410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43395,2141],{"class":61},[55,43397,66],{"class":65},[55,43399,3211],{"class":69},[55,43401,152],{"class":130},[55,43403,83],{"class":69},[55,43405,976],{"class":130},[55,43407,83],{"class":69},[55,43409,2036],{"class":130},[55,43411,386],{"class":69},[55,43413,43414,43416,43418,43420,43422,43424,43426,43428,43430],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43415,2169],{"class":61},[55,43417,66],{"class":65},[55,43419,3211],{"class":69},[55,43421,152],{"class":130},[55,43423,83],{"class":69},[55,43425,976],{"class":130},[55,43427,83],{"class":69},[55,43429,2036],{"class":130},[55,43431,386],{"class":69},[55,43433,43434],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,43435,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,43437,43438,43440,43442,43444,43446,43448,43450],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,43439,117],{"class":116},[55,43441,120],{"class":69},[55,43443,2141],{"class":123},[55,43445,4280],{"class":65},[55,43447,2146],{"class":123},[55,43449,970],{"class":69},[55,43451,43452],{"class":137},"   # True\n",[55,43454,43455,43457,43459,43461,43463,43465,43467],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,43456,117],{"class":116},[55,43458,120],{"class":69},[55,43460,2141],{"class":123},[55,43462,11793],{"class":959},[55,43464,2146],{"class":123},[55,43466,970],{"class":69},[55,43468,43469],{"class":137},"   # False\n",[55,43471,43472,43474,43476,43478,43480,43482],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,43473,117],{"class":116},[55,43475,120],{"class":69},[55,43477,12249],{"class":116},[55,43479,120],{"class":69},[55,43481,194],{"class":123},[55,43483,1357],{"class":69},[55,43485,43486,43488,43490,43492,43494,43496],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,43487,117],{"class":116},[55,43489,120],{"class":69},[55,43491,12249],{"class":116},[55,43493,120],{"class":69},[55,43495,786],{"class":123},[55,43497,1357],{"class":69},[14,43499,1762],{},[21,43501,43502,43510,43518],{},[24,43503,43504,4375,43507,43509],{},[52,43505,43506],{},"a == b",[52,43508,3194],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[24,43511,43512,4375,43515,43517],{},[52,43513,43514],{},"a is b",[52,43516,3261],{}," because they are different list objects",[24,43519,43520,3983,43523,43526],{},[52,43521,43522],{},"id(a)",[52,43524,43525],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[14,43528,43529,43530,3983,43534,198],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[194,43531,43533],{"href":43532},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[194,43535,43537],{"href":43536},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[37,43539,43541],{"id":43540},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[14,43543,43544],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[45,43546,43548],{"className":47,"code":43547,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[52,43549,43550,43570,43580,43584,43598,43613],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43551,43552,43554,43556,43558,43560,43562,43564,43566,43568],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43553,243],{"class":61},[55,43555,66],{"class":65},[55,43557,3211],{"class":69},[55,43559,250],{"class":130},[55,43561,83],{"class":69},[55,43563,255],{"class":130},[55,43565,83],{"class":69},[55,43567,260],{"class":130},[55,43569,386],{"class":69},[55,43571,43572,43575,43577],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43573,43574],{"class":61},"other_numbers ",[55,43576,66],{"class":65},[55,43578,43579],{"class":61}," numbers\n",[55,43581,43582],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,43583,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,43585,43586,43588,43590,43592,43594,43596],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,43587,117],{"class":116},[55,43589,120],{"class":69},[55,43591,12249],{"class":116},[55,43593,120],{"class":69},[55,43595,275],{"class":123},[55,43597,1357],{"class":69},[55,43599,43600,43602,43604,43606,43608,43611],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,43601,117],{"class":116},[55,43603,120],{"class":69},[55,43605,12249],{"class":116},[55,43607,120],{"class":69},[55,43609,43610],{"class":123},"other_numbers",[55,43612,1357],{"class":69},[55,43614,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623,43626],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,43616,117],{"class":116},[55,43618,120],{"class":69},[55,43620,243],{"class":123},[55,43622,11793],{"class":959},[55,43624,43625],{"class":123}," other_numbers",[55,43627,103],{"class":69},[14,43629,5152],{},[45,43631,43632],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,43633,43634],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43635,43636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43637,3570],{"class":3443},[14,43639,43640,43641,43643],{},"The two ",[52,43642,43085],{}," values will also match.",[14,43645,21786,43646,43649],{},[52,43647,43648],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[37,43651,43653],{"id":43652},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[14,43655,43656],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[45,43658,43660],{"className":47,"code":43659,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[52,43661,43662,43683,43704,43708,43723,43737,43752],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43663,43664,43667,43669,43671,43673,43675,43677,43679,43681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43665,43666],{"class":61},"list_a ",[55,43668,66],{"class":65},[55,43670,3211],{"class":69},[55,43672,152],{"class":130},[55,43674,83],{"class":69},[55,43676,976],{"class":130},[55,43678,83],{"class":69},[55,43680,2036],{"class":130},[55,43682,386],{"class":69},[55,43684,43685,43688,43690,43692,43694,43696,43698,43700,43702],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43686,43687],{"class":61},"list_b ",[55,43689,66],{"class":65},[55,43691,3211],{"class":69},[55,43693,152],{"class":130},[55,43695,83],{"class":69},[55,43697,976],{"class":130},[55,43699,83],{"class":69},[55,43701,2036],{"class":130},[55,43703,386],{"class":69},[55,43705,43706],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,43707,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,43709,43710,43712,43714,43716,43718,43721],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,43711,117],{"class":116},[55,43713,120],{"class":69},[55,43715,43666],{"class":123},[55,43717,4280],{"class":65},[55,43719,43720],{"class":123}," list_b",[55,43722,103],{"class":69},[55,43724,43725,43727,43729,43731,43733,43735],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,43726,117],{"class":116},[55,43728,120],{"class":69},[55,43730,43666],{"class":123},[55,43732,11793],{"class":959},[55,43734,43720],{"class":123},[55,43736,103],{"class":69},[55,43738,43739,43741,43743,43745,43747,43750],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,43740,117],{"class":116},[55,43742,120],{"class":69},[55,43744,12249],{"class":116},[55,43746,120],{"class":69},[55,43748,43749],{"class":123},"list_a",[55,43751,1357],{"class":69},[55,43753,43754,43756,43758,43760,43762,43765],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,43755,117],{"class":116},[55,43757,120],{"class":69},[55,43759,12249],{"class":116},[55,43761,120],{"class":69},[55,43763,43764],{"class":123},"list_b",[55,43766,1357],{"class":69},[14,43768,5152],{},[45,43770,43772],{"className":47,"code":43771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nFalse\n",[52,43773,43774,43778],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43775,43776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43777,3570],{"class":3443},[55,43779,43780],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43781,3631],{"class":3443},[14,43783,43784],{},"What this means:",[21,43786,43787,43790,43793],{},[24,43788,43789],{},"The lists are equal in value",[24,43791,43792],{},"They are not the same object",[24,43794,43795,43796,43798],{},"Their ",[52,43797,43085],{}," values are usually different",[14,43800,43801,43802,43804,43805,198],{},"This is why ",[52,43803,43085],{}," should not replace ",[52,43806,4280],{},[37,43808,43810,43811,43813],{"id":43809},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[52,43812,43085],{}," is useful",[14,43815,43816,43818],{},[52,43817,43085],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[21,43820,43821,43824,43827,43830],{},[24,43822,43823],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[24,43825,43826],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[24,43828,43829],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[24,43831,43832],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[14,43834,43835,43836,43838],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[52,43837,43085],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[45,43840,43842],{"className":47,"code":43841,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[52,43843,43844,43868,43877,43881,43900,43904,43914,43924,43938],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43845,43846,43848,43850,43852,43854,43856,43858,43860,43862,43864,43866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43847,11685],{"class":61},[55,43849,66],{"class":65},[55,43851,3211],{"class":69},[55,43853,74],{"class":73},[55,43855,194],{"class":77},[55,43857,74],{"class":73},[55,43859,83],{"class":69},[55,43861,86],{"class":73},[55,43863,786],{"class":77},[55,43865,74],{"class":73},[55,43867,386],{"class":69},[55,43869,43870,43873,43875],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43871,43872],{"class":61},"copy_ref ",[55,43874,66],{"class":65},[55,43876,11723],{"class":61},[55,43878,43879],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,43880,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,43882,43883,43886,43888,43890,43892,43894,43896,43898],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,43884,43885],{"class":61},"copy_ref",[55,43887,198],{"class":69},[55,43889,13149],{"class":123},[55,43891,120],{"class":69},[55,43893,74],{"class":73},[55,43895,795],{"class":77},[55,43897,74],{"class":73},[55,43899,103],{"class":69},[55,43901,43902],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,43903,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,43905,43906,43908,43910,43912],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,43907,117],{"class":116},[55,43909,120],{"class":69},[55,43911,11732],{"class":123},[55,43913,103],{"class":69},[55,43915,43916,43918,43920,43922],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,43917,117],{"class":116},[55,43919,120],{"class":69},[55,43921,43885],{"class":123},[55,43923,103],{"class":69},[55,43925,43926,43928,43930,43932,43934,43936],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,43927,117],{"class":116},[55,43929,120],{"class":69},[55,43931,12249],{"class":116},[55,43933,120],{"class":69},[55,43935,11732],{"class":123},[55,43937,1357],{"class":69},[55,43939,43940,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,43941,117],{"class":116},[55,43943,120],{"class":69},[55,43945,12249],{"class":116},[55,43947,120],{"class":69},[55,43949,43885],{"class":123},[55,43951,1357],{"class":69},[14,43953,5152],{},[45,43955,43957],{"className":47,"code":43956,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[52,43958,43959,43987],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,43960,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969,43971,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983,43985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,43962,127],{"class":69},[55,43964,2889],{"class":73},[55,43966,194],{"class":77},[55,43968,2889],{"class":73},[55,43970,83],{"class":69},[55,43972,2884],{"class":73},[55,43974,786],{"class":77},[55,43976,2889],{"class":73},[55,43978,83],{"class":69},[55,43980,2884],{"class":73},[55,43982,795],{"class":77},[55,43984,2889],{"class":73},[55,43986,386],{"class":69},[55,43988,43989,43991,43993,43995,43997,43999,44001,44003,44005,44007,44009,44011,44013],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,43990,127],{"class":69},[55,43992,2889],{"class":73},[55,43994,194],{"class":77},[55,43996,2889],{"class":73},[55,43998,83],{"class":69},[55,44000,2884],{"class":73},[55,44002,786],{"class":77},[55,44004,2889],{"class":73},[55,44006,83],{"class":69},[55,44008,2884],{"class":73},[55,44010,795],{"class":77},[55,44012,2889],{"class":73},[55,44014,386],{"class":69},[14,44016,44017],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[37,44019,44021,44022],{"id":44020},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[52,44023,43085],{},[14,44025,44026,44027,44029],{},"Do not use ",[52,44028,43085],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[14,44031,44032],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[21,44034,44035,44041,44047,44050],{},[24,44036,44037,44038,44040],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[52,44039,4280],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[24,44042,44043,44044,44046],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[52,44045,43085],{}," values across program runs",[24,44048,44049],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[24,44051,44052,44053],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[52,44054,43085],{},[14,44056,44057],{},"Bad example:",[45,44059,44061],{"className":47,"code":44060,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[52,44062,44063,44075,44087,44091,44113],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44064,44065,44067,44069,44071,44073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44066,2141],{"class":61},[55,44068,66],{"class":65},[55,44070,86],{"class":73},[55,44072,36643],{"class":77},[55,44074,1288],{"class":73},[55,44076,44077,44079,44081,44083,44085],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44078,2169],{"class":61},[55,44080,66],{"class":65},[55,44082,86],{"class":73},[55,44084,36643],{"class":77},[55,44086,1288],{"class":73},[55,44088,44089],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,44090,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,44092,44093,44095,44097,44099,44101,44103,44105,44107,44109,44111],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,44094,960],{"class":959},[55,44096,14413],{"class":116},[55,44098,120],{"class":69},[55,44100,194],{"class":123},[55,44102,970],{"class":69},[55,44104,6002],{"class":65},[55,44106,14413],{"class":116},[55,44108,120],{"class":69},[55,44110,786],{"class":123},[55,44112,839],{"class":69},[55,44114,44115,44117,44119,44121,44124,44126],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,44116,985],{"class":116},[55,44118,120],{"class":69},[55,44120,74],{"class":73},[55,44122,44123],{"class":77},"The values are equal",[55,44125,74],{"class":73},[55,44127,103],{"class":69},[14,44129,44130],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[45,44132,44134],{"className":47,"code":44133,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[52,44135,44136,44149],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44137,44138,44140,44143,44145,44147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44139,960],{"class":959},[55,44141,44142],{"class":61}," a ",[55,44144,4280],{"class":65},[55,44146,2146],{"class":61},[55,44148,979],{"class":69},[55,44150,44151,44153,44155,44157,44159,44161],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44152,985],{"class":116},[55,44154,120],{"class":69},[55,44156,74],{"class":73},[55,44158,44123],{"class":77},[55,44160,74],{"class":73},[55,44162,103],{"class":69},[14,44164,1440,44165,2465,44167,44169],{},[52,44166,11793],{},[52,44168,43085],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[37,44171,20397],{"id":20396},[14,44173,44174],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[21,44176,44177,44180,44183,44188],{},[24,44178,44179],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[24,44181,44182],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[24,44184,44185,44186],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[52,44187,43085],{},[24,44189,44190,44191],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[52,44192,43085],{},[14,44194,44195],{},"The important rule is:",[21,44197,44198,44203],{},[24,44199,1440,44200,44202],{},[52,44201,4280],{}," to check value",[24,44204,1440,44205,44207],{},[52,44206,11793],{}," to check identity",[14,44209,44210,44211,44213],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[52,44212,43085],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[37,44215,1298],{"id":1297},[14,44217,44218,44219,854],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[52,44220,43085],{},[21,44222,44223,44231,44234,44237,44242],{},[24,44224,8012,44225,44227,44228,44230],{},[52,44226,43085],{}," when ",[52,44229,4280],{}," should be used",[24,44232,44233],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[24,44235,44236],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[24,44238,44239,44240],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[52,44241,43085],{},[24,44243,8012,44244,44246],{},[52,44245,43085],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[14,44248,44249],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[45,44251,44253],{"className":47,"code":44252,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[52,44254,44255,44270,44284,44298,44312],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44256,44257,44259,44261,44263,44265,44268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44258,117],{"class":116},[55,44260,120],{"class":69},[55,44262,12249],{"class":116},[55,44264,120],{"class":69},[55,44266,44267],{"class":123},"my_object",[55,44269,1357],{"class":69},[55,44271,44272,44274,44276,44278,44280,44282],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44273,117],{"class":116},[55,44275,120],{"class":69},[55,44277,2141],{"class":123},[55,44279,4280],{"class":65},[55,44281,2146],{"class":123},[55,44283,103],{"class":69},[55,44285,44286,44288,44290,44292,44294,44296],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,44287,117],{"class":116},[55,44289,120],{"class":69},[55,44291,2141],{"class":123},[55,44293,11793],{"class":959},[55,44295,2146],{"class":123},[55,44297,103],{"class":69},[55,44299,44300,44302,44304,44306,44308,44310],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,44301,117],{"class":116},[55,44303,120],{"class":69},[55,44305,1396],{"class":850},[55,44307,120],{"class":69},[55,44309,44267],{"class":123},[55,44311,1357],{"class":69},[55,44313,44314,44316,44318,44320],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,44315,31751],{"class":116},[55,44317,120],{"class":69},[55,44319,12249],{"class":116},[55,44321,103],{"class":69},[37,44323,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,44325,44327,44328,12316],{"id":44326},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[52,44329,43085],{},[14,44331,44332],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[1425,44334,14500,44336,44338],{"id":44335},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[52,44337,43085],{}," the same as a memory address?",[14,44340,44341],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[1425,44343,21017,44345,44347],{"id":44344},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[52,44346,43085],{}," to compare two values?",[14,44349,29868,44350,44352,44353,2465,44355,44357],{},[52,44351,4280],{}," to compare values. Use ",[52,44354,43085],{},[52,44356,11793],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[1425,44359,44361,44362,2078],{"id":44360},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[52,44363,43085],{},[14,44365,44366],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[1425,44368,44370,44371,44373],{"id":44369},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[52,44372,43085],{}," values?",[14,44375,44376],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[37,44378,1495],{"id":1494},[21,44380,44381,44386,44391,44396,44404],{},[24,44382,44383],{},[194,44384,44385],{"href":43223},"Python variables explained for beginners",[24,44387,44388],{},[194,44389,44390],{"href":43532},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[24,44392,44393],{},[194,44394,44395],{"href":43536},"Python data types overview",[24,44397,44398],{},[194,44399,3165,44401,3098],{"href":44400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[52,44402,44403],{},"isinstance()",[24,44405,44406],{},[194,44407,44409],{"href":44408},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1524,44411,44412],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":44414},[44415,44417,44418,44419,44420,44421,44423,44425,44426,44427,44439],{"id":43189,"depth":106,"text":44416},"What id() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":43357,"depth":106,"text":43358},{"id":43540,"depth":106,"text":43541},{"id":43652,"depth":106,"text":43653},{"id":43809,"depth":106,"text":44422},"When id() is useful",{"id":44020,"depth":106,"text":44424},"When not to use id()",{"id":20396,"depth":106,"text":20397},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":44428},[44429,44431,44433,44435,44437],{"id":44326,"depth":113,"text":44430},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44335,"depth":113,"text":44432},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44344,"depth":113,"text":44434},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44360,"depth":113,"text":44436},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44369,"depth":113,"text":44438},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43077,"description":44440},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44447,"title":41791,"body":44448,"description":46088,"extension":1546,"meta":46089,"navigation":109,"path":46090,"seo":46091,"stem":46092,"__hash__":46093},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44449,"toc":46054},[44450,44455,44460,44463,44465,44508,44513,44516,44521,44526,44529,44545,44547,44591,44593,44620,44622,44637,44639,44641,44643,44659,44661,44673,44676,44710,44713,44738,44743,44745,44750,44754,44757,44759,44807,44809,44842,44848,44859,44861,44913,44915,44946,44948,44952,44956,44999,45005,45011,45063,45071,45076,45080,45171,45173,45206,45209,45211,45271,45273,45299,45309,45311,45315,45320,45325,45327,45364,45366,45385,45388,45392,45395,45451,45463,45472,45474,45501,45509,45516,45520,45523,45560,45563,45569,45606,45608,45612,45618,45636,45641,45689,45693,45782,45785,45792,45794,45796,45801,45819,45821,45864,45870,45887,45889,45951,45953,45955,45961,45969,45975,45981,45990,46000,46004,46012,46014,46016,46051],[10,44451,3165,44453,3169],{"id":44452},"python-input-function-explained",[52,44454,2545],{},[14,44456,1563,44457,44459],{},[52,44458,2545],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[14,44461,44462],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[37,44464,1588],{"id":1587},[45,44466,44468],{"className":47,"code":44467,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[52,44469,44470,44489],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44471,44472,44474,44476,44478,44480,44482,44485,44487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44473,7471],{"class":61},[55,44475,66],{"class":65},[55,44477,7837],{"class":116},[55,44479,120],{"class":69},[55,44481,74],{"class":73},[55,44483,44484],{"class":77},"Enter your name: ",[55,44486,74],{"class":73},[55,44488,103],{"class":69},[55,44490,44491,44493,44495,44497,44500,44502,44504,44506],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44492,117],{"class":116},[55,44494,120],{"class":69},[55,44496,74],{"class":73},[55,44498,44499],{"class":77},"Hello, ",[55,44501,74],{"class":73},[55,44503,2039],{"class":65},[55,44505,35590],{"class":123},[55,44507,103],{"class":69},[14,44509,1440,44510,44512],{},[52,44511,2545],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44514,44515],"hr",{},[37,44517,3265,44519,3268],{"id":44518},"what-input-does",[52,44520,2545],{},[14,44522,44523,44525],{},[52,44524,2545],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[14,44527,44528],{},"Here is what happens:",[21,44530,44531,44536,44539,44542],{},[24,44532,44533,44535],{},[52,44534,2545],{}," waits for the user to type",[24,44537,44538],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[24,44540,44541],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[24,44543,44544],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[14,44546,233],{},[45,44548,44550],{"className":47,"code":44549,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[52,44551,44552,44572],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44553,44554,44557,44559,44561,44563,44565,44568,44570],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44555,44556],{"class":61},"color ",[55,44558,66],{"class":65},[55,44560,7837],{"class":116},[55,44562,120],{"class":69},[55,44564,74],{"class":73},[55,44566,44567],{"class":77},"What is your favorite color? ",[55,44569,74],{"class":73},[55,44571,103],{"class":69},[55,44573,44574,44576,44578,44580,44583,44585,44587,44589],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44575,117],{"class":116},[55,44577,120],{"class":69},[55,44579,74],{"class":73},[55,44581,44582],{"class":77},"Your favorite color is",[55,44584,74],{"class":73},[55,44586,83],{"class":69},[55,44588,35451],{"class":123},[55,44590,103],{"class":69},[14,44592,29627],{},[45,44594,44596],{"className":47,"code":44595,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[52,44597,44598,44611],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44599,44600,44602,44604,44607,44609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44601,3265],{"class":61},[55,44603,11793],{"class":65},[55,44605,44606],{"class":61}," your favorite color",[55,44608,2078],{"class":36963},[55,44610,35481],{"class":61},[55,44612,44613,44616,44618],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44614,44615],{"class":61},"Your favorite color ",[55,44617,11793],{"class":65},[55,44619,35481],{"class":61},[14,44621,19554],{},[21,44623,44624,44629,44634],{},[24,44625,44626,44627],{},"The prompt is ",[52,44628,44567],{},[24,44630,44631,44632],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[52,44633,32490],{},[24,44635,44636],{},"That value is then printed",[44514,44638],{},[37,44640,1740],{"id":1739},[14,44642,6812],{},[45,44644,44646],{"className":47,"code":44645,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"input(prompt)\n",[52,44647,44648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44649,44650,44652,44654,44657],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44651,42059],{"class":116},[55,44653,120],{"class":69},[55,44655,44656],{"class":123},"prompt",[55,44658,103],{"class":69},[14,44660,211],{},[21,44662,44663,44667,44670],{},[24,44664,1563,44665,19636],{},[52,44666,44656],{},[24,44668,44669],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[24,44671,44672],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[14,44674,44675],{},"Example with a prompt:",[45,44677,44679],{"className":47,"code":44678,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[52,44680,44681,44700],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44682,44683,44685,44687,44689,44691,44693,44696,44698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44684,7556],{"class":61},[55,44686,66],{"class":65},[55,44688,7837],{"class":116},[55,44690,120],{"class":69},[55,44692,74],{"class":73},[55,44694,44695],{"class":77},"Enter your username: ",[55,44697,74],{"class":73},[55,44699,103],{"class":69},[55,44701,44702,44704,44706,44708],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44703,117],{"class":116},[55,44705,120],{"class":69},[55,44707,7580],{"class":123},[55,44709,103],{"class":69},[14,44711,44712],{},"Example without a prompt:",[45,44714,44716],{"className":47,"code":44715,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[52,44717,44718,44728],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44719,44720,44722,44724,44726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44721,2031],{"class":61},[55,44723,66],{"class":65},[55,44725,7837],{"class":116},[55,44727,8239],{"class":69},[55,44729,44730,44732,44734,44736],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44731,117],{"class":116},[55,44733,120],{"class":69},[55,44735,2058],{"class":123},[55,44737,103],{"class":69},[14,44739,7358,44740,44742],{},[52,44741,2545],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44514,44744],{},[37,44746,3265,44748,11304],{"id":44747},"what-input-returns",[52,44749,2545],{},[14,44751,44752,7820],{},[52,44753,2545],{},[14,44755,44756],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[14,44758,233],{},[45,44760,44762],{"className":47,"code":44761,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[52,44763,44764,44783,44793],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44765,44766,44768,44770,44772,44774,44776,44779,44781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44767,21225],{"class":61},[55,44769,66],{"class":65},[55,44771,7837],{"class":116},[55,44773,120],{"class":69},[55,44775,74],{"class":73},[55,44777,44778],{"class":77},"Enter your age: ",[55,44780,74],{"class":73},[55,44782,103],{"class":69},[55,44784,44785,44787,44789,44791],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44786,117],{"class":116},[55,44788,120],{"class":69},[55,44790,8896],{"class":123},[55,44792,103],{"class":69},[55,44794,44795,44797,44799,44801,44803,44805],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,44796,117],{"class":116},[55,44798,120],{"class":69},[55,44800,1396],{"class":850},[55,44802,120],{"class":69},[55,44804,8896],{"class":123},[55,44806,1357],{"class":69},[14,44808,29627],{},[45,44810,44812],{"className":47,"code":44811,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,44813,44814,44824,44828],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44815,44816,44819,44821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44817,44818],{"class":61},"Enter your age",[55,44820,854],{"class":69},[55,44822,44823],{"class":130}," 25\n",[55,44825,44826],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44827,2296],{"class":130},[55,44829,44830,44832,44834,44836,44838,44840],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,44831,2878],{"class":65},[55,44833,2881],{"class":1648},[55,44835,2884],{"class":73},[55,44837,3032],{"class":77},[55,44839,2889],{"class":73},[55,44841,2892],{"class":65},[14,44843,44844,44845,44847],{},"Even though the user typed ",[52,44846,8791],{},", Python treats it as text.",[14,44849,44850,44851,2465,44855,198],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[194,44852,44853],{"href":2461},[52,44854,2464],{},[194,44856,44857],{"href":2468},[52,44858,2471],{},[14,44860,233],{},[45,44862,44864],{"className":47,"code":44863,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[52,44865,44866,44889,44899],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44867,44868,44870,44872,44875,44877,44879,44881,44883,44885,44887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44869,21225],{"class":61},[55,44871,66],{"class":65},[55,44873,44874],{"class":850}," int",[55,44876,120],{"class":69},[55,44878,42059],{"class":116},[55,44880,120],{"class":69},[55,44882,74],{"class":73},[55,44884,44778],{"class":77},[55,44886,74],{"class":73},[55,44888,1357],{"class":69},[55,44890,44891,44893,44895,44897],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44892,117],{"class":116},[55,44894,120],{"class":69},[55,44896,8896],{"class":123},[55,44898,103],{"class":69},[55,44900,44901,44903,44905,44907,44909,44911],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,44902,117],{"class":116},[55,44904,120],{"class":69},[55,44906,1396],{"class":850},[55,44908,120],{"class":69},[55,44910,8896],{"class":123},[55,44912,1357],{"class":69},[14,44914,29627],{},[45,44916,44918],{"className":47,"code":44917,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[52,44919,44920,44928,44932],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44921,44922,44924,44926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44923,44818],{"class":61},[55,44925,854],{"class":69},[55,44927,44823],{"class":130},[55,44929,44930],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44931,2296],{"class":130},[55,44933,44934,44936,44938,44940,44942,44944],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,44935,2878],{"class":65},[55,44937,2881],{"class":1648},[55,44939,2884],{"class":73},[55,44941,1772],{"class":77},[55,44943,2889],{"class":73},[55,44945,2892],{"class":65},[44514,44947],{},[37,44949,44951],{"id":44950},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[1425,44953,44955],{"id":44954},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[45,44957,44959],{"className":47,"code":44958,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[52,44960,44961,44980],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,44962,44963,44965,44967,44969,44971,44973,44976,44978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,44964,7471],{"class":61},[55,44966,66],{"class":65},[55,44968,7837],{"class":116},[55,44970,120],{"class":69},[55,44972,74],{"class":73},[55,44974,44975],{"class":77},"What is your name? ",[55,44977,74],{"class":73},[55,44979,103],{"class":69},[55,44981,44982,44984,44986,44988,44991,44993,44995,44997],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,44983,117],{"class":116},[55,44985,120],{"class":69},[55,44987,74],{"class":73},[55,44989,44990],{"class":77},"Hello,",[55,44992,74],{"class":73},[55,44994,83],{"class":69},[55,44996,35590],{"class":123},[55,44998,103],{"class":69},[14,45000,45001,45002,45004],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[52,45003,7263],{}," and prints it.",[1425,45006,45008,45009],{"id":45007},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[52,45010,2464],{},[45,45012,45014],{"className":47,"code":45013,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[52,45015,45016,45039],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45017,45018,45020,45022,45024,45026,45028,45030,45032,45035,45037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45019,21225],{"class":61},[55,45021,66],{"class":65},[55,45023,44874],{"class":850},[55,45025,120],{"class":69},[55,45027,42059],{"class":116},[55,45029,120],{"class":69},[55,45031,74],{"class":73},[55,45033,45034],{"class":77},"How old are you? ",[55,45036,74],{"class":73},[55,45038,1357],{"class":69},[55,45040,45041,45043,45045,45047,45050,45052,45054,45057,45059,45061],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45042,117],{"class":116},[55,45044,120],{"class":69},[55,45046,74],{"class":73},[55,45048,45049],{"class":77},"Next year you will be",[55,45051,74],{"class":73},[55,45053,83],{"class":69},[55,45055,45056],{"class":123}," age ",[55,45058,1643],{"class":65},[55,45060,5090],{"class":130},[55,45062,103],{"class":69},[14,45064,5654,45065,45067,45068,45070],{},[52,45066,2464],{}," converts the text from ",[52,45069,2545],{}," into a whole number.",[14,45072,45073,45074,198],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[194,45075,8578],{"href":8577},[1425,45077,45079],{"id":45078},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[45,45081,45083],{"className":47,"code":45082,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[52,45084,45085,45109,45133,45147,45151],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45086,45087,45090,45092,45094,45096,45098,45100,45102,45105,45107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45088,45089],{"class":61},"num1 ",[55,45091,66],{"class":65},[55,45093,44874],{"class":850},[55,45095,120],{"class":69},[55,45097,42059],{"class":116},[55,45099,120],{"class":69},[55,45101,74],{"class":73},[55,45103,45104],{"class":77},"Enter the first number: ",[55,45106,74],{"class":73},[55,45108,1357],{"class":69},[55,45110,45111,45114,45116,45118,45120,45122,45124,45126,45129,45131],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45112,45113],{"class":61},"num2 ",[55,45115,66],{"class":65},[55,45117,44874],{"class":850},[55,45119,120],{"class":69},[55,45121,42059],{"class":116},[55,45123,120],{"class":69},[55,45125,74],{"class":73},[55,45127,45128],{"class":77},"Enter the second number: ",[55,45130,74],{"class":73},[55,45132,1357],{"class":69},[55,45134,45135,45137,45139,45142,45144],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45136,40779],{"class":61},[55,45138,66],{"class":65},[55,45140,45141],{"class":61}," num1 ",[55,45143,1643],{"class":65},[55,45145,45146],{"class":61}," num2\n",[55,45148,45149],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,45150,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,45152,45153,45155,45157,45159,45162,45164,45166,45169],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,45154,117],{"class":116},[55,45156,120],{"class":69},[55,45158,74],{"class":73},[55,45160,45161],{"class":77},"Total:",[55,45163,74],{"class":73},[55,45165,83],{"class":69},[55,45167,45168],{"class":123}," total",[55,45170,103],{"class":69},[14,45172,29627],{},[45,45174,45176],{"className":47,"code":45175,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[52,45177,45178,45188,45197],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45179,45180,45183,45185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45181,45182],{"class":61},"Enter the first number",[55,45184,854],{"class":69},[55,45186,45187],{"class":130}," 2\n",[55,45189,45190,45193,45195],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45191,45192],{"class":61},"Enter the second number",[55,45194,854],{"class":69},[55,45196,2164],{"class":130},[55,45198,45199,45202,45204],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45200,45201],{"class":61},"Total",[55,45203,854],{"class":69},[55,45205,34442],{"class":130},[14,45207,45208],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[14,45210,233],{},[45,45212,45214],{"className":47,"code":45213,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[52,45215,45216,45234,45252,45256],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45217,45218,45220,45222,45224,45226,45228,45230,45232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45219,45089],{"class":61},[55,45221,66],{"class":65},[55,45223,7837],{"class":116},[55,45225,120],{"class":69},[55,45227,74],{"class":73},[55,45229,45104],{"class":77},[55,45231,74],{"class":73},[55,45233,103],{"class":69},[55,45235,45236,45238,45240,45242,45244,45246,45248,45250],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45237,45113],{"class":61},[55,45239,66],{"class":65},[55,45241,7837],{"class":116},[55,45243,120],{"class":69},[55,45245,74],{"class":73},[55,45247,45128],{"class":77},[55,45249,74],{"class":73},[55,45251,103],{"class":69},[55,45253,45254],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45255,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,45257,45258,45260,45262,45264,45266,45269],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,45259,117],{"class":116},[55,45261,120],{"class":69},[55,45263,45089],{"class":123},[55,45265,1643],{"class":65},[55,45267,45268],{"class":123}," num2",[55,45270,103],{"class":69},[14,45272,29627],{},[45,45274,45276],{"className":47,"code":45275,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[52,45277,45278,45286,45294],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45279,45280,45282,45284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45281,45182],{"class":61},[55,45283,854],{"class":69},[55,45285,45187],{"class":130},[55,45287,45288,45290,45292],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45289,45192],{"class":61},[55,45291,854],{"class":69},[55,45293,2164],{"class":130},[55,45295,45296],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45297,45298],{"class":130},"23\n",[14,45300,45301,45302,45305,45306,198],{},"That happens because ",[52,45303,45304],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[52,45307,45308],{},"\"23\"",[44514,45310],{},[37,45312,45314],{"id":45313},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[14,45316,45317,45318,198],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[52,45319,2545],{},[1425,45321,4296,45323,41139],{"id":45322},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[52,45324,2545],{},[14,45326,38794],{},[45,45328,45330],{"className":47,"code":45329,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[52,45331,45332,45350],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45333,45334,45336,45338,45340,45342,45344,45346,45348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45335,2031],{"class":61},[55,45337,66],{"class":65},[55,45339,7837],{"class":116},[55,45341,120],{"class":69},[55,45343,74],{"class":73},[55,45345,41468],{"class":77},[55,45347,74],{"class":73},[55,45349,103],{"class":69},[55,45351,45352,45354,45356,45358,45360,45362],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45353,117],{"class":116},[55,45355,120],{"class":69},[55,45357,1396],{"class":850},[55,45359,120],{"class":69},[55,45361,2058],{"class":123},[55,45363,1357],{"class":69},[14,45365,314],{},[45,45367,45369],{"className":47,"code":45368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,45370,45371],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45372,45373,45375,45377,45379,45381,45383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45374,2878],{"class":65},[55,45376,2881],{"class":1648},[55,45378,2884],{"class":73},[55,45380,3032],{"class":77},[55,45382,2889],{"class":73},[55,45384,2892],{"class":65},[14,45386,45387],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[1425,45389,45391],{"id":45390},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[14,45393,45394],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[45,45396,45398],{"className":47,"code":45397,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[52,45399,45400,45418,45437],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45401,45402,45404,45406,45408,45410,45412,45414,45416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45403,2141],{"class":61},[55,45405,66],{"class":65},[55,45407,7837],{"class":116},[55,45409,120],{"class":69},[55,45411,74],{"class":73},[55,45413,41468],{"class":77},[55,45415,74],{"class":73},[55,45417,103],{"class":69},[55,45419,45420,45422,45424,45426,45428,45430,45433,45435],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45421,2169],{"class":61},[55,45423,66],{"class":65},[55,45425,7837],{"class":116},[55,45427,120],{"class":69},[55,45429,74],{"class":73},[55,45431,45432],{"class":77},"Enter another number: ",[55,45434,74],{"class":73},[55,45436,103],{"class":69},[55,45438,45439,45441,45443,45445,45447,45449],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45440,117],{"class":116},[55,45442,120],{"class":69},[55,45444,2141],{"class":123},[55,45446,1643],{"class":65},[55,45448,2146],{"class":123},[55,45450,103],{"class":69},[14,45452,40717,45453,3983,45455,45457,45458,222,45461,198],{},[52,45454,2091],{},[52,45456,817],{},", the result is ",[52,45459,45460],{},"45",[52,45462,1726],{},[1425,45464,45466,45467,45469,45470],{"id":45465},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[52,45468,40300],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[52,45471,2464],{},[14,45473,233],{},[45,45475,45477],{"className":47,"code":45476,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[52,45478,45479],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45480,45481,45483,45485,45487,45489,45491,45493,45495,45497,45499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45482,21225],{"class":61},[55,45484,66],{"class":65},[55,45486,44874],{"class":850},[55,45488,120],{"class":69},[55,45490,42059],{"class":116},[55,45492,120],{"class":69},[55,45494,74],{"class":73},[55,45496,44778],{"class":77},[55,45498,74],{"class":73},[55,45500,1357],{"class":69},[14,45502,7866,45503,45506,45507,198],{},[52,45504,45505],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[52,45508,40300],{},[14,45510,45511,45512,198],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[194,45513,45515],{"href":45514},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[1425,45517,45519],{"id":45518},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[14,45521,45522],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[45,45524,45526],{"className":47,"code":45525,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[52,45527,45528,45546],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45529,45530,45532,45534,45536,45538,45540,45542,45544],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45531,7471],{"class":61},[55,45533,66],{"class":65},[55,45535,7837],{"class":116},[55,45537,120],{"class":69},[55,45539,74],{"class":73},[55,45541,44484],{"class":77},[55,45543,74],{"class":73},[55,45545,103],{"class":69},[55,45547,45548,45550,45552,45554,45556,45558],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45549,117],{"class":116},[55,45551,120],{"class":69},[55,45553,41376],{"class":116},[55,45555,120],{"class":69},[55,45557,7263],{"class":123},[55,45559,1357],{"class":69},[14,45561,45562],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[14,45564,45565,45566,854],{},"You can remove them with ",[52,45567,45568],{},".strip()",[45,45570,45572],{"className":47,"code":45571,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[52,45573,45574,45596],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45575,45576,45578,45580,45582,45584,45586,45588,45590,45592,45594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45577,7471],{"class":61},[55,45579,66],{"class":65},[55,45581,7837],{"class":116},[55,45583,120],{"class":69},[55,45585,74],{"class":73},[55,45587,44484],{"class":77},[55,45589,74],{"class":73},[55,45591,8227],{"class":69},[55,45593,8230],{"class":123},[55,45595,8239],{"class":69},[55,45597,45598,45600,45602,45604],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45599,117],{"class":116},[55,45601,120],{"class":69},[55,45603,7263],{"class":123},[55,45605,103],{"class":69},[44514,45607],{},[37,45609,45611],{"id":45610},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[14,45613,45614,45615,45617],{},"These habits make ",[52,45616,2545],{}," easier and safer to use.",[21,45619,45620,45623,45628,45631],{},[24,45621,45622],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[24,45624,1440,45625,45627],{},[52,45626,45568],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[24,45629,45630],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[24,45632,1440,45633,45635],{},[52,45634,29379],{}," when converting input to numbers",[14,45637,45638,45639,854],{},"Example with ",[52,45640,45568],{},[45,45642,45644],{"className":47,"code":45643,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[52,45645,45646,45670],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45647,45648,45651,45653,45655,45657,45659,45662,45664,45666,45668],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45649,45650],{"class":61},"city ",[55,45652,66],{"class":65},[55,45654,7837],{"class":116},[55,45656,120],{"class":69},[55,45658,74],{"class":73},[55,45660,45661],{"class":77},"Enter your city: ",[55,45663,74],{"class":73},[55,45665,8227],{"class":69},[55,45667,8230],{"class":123},[55,45669,8239],{"class":69},[55,45671,45672,45674,45676,45678,45681,45683,45685,45687],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45673,117],{"class":116},[55,45675,120],{"class":69},[55,45677,74],{"class":73},[55,45679,45680],{"class":77},"City:",[55,45682,74],{"class":73},[55,45684,83],{"class":69},[55,45686,30983],{"class":123},[55,45688,103],{"class":69},[14,45690,45638,45691,854],{},[52,45692,29379],{},[45,45694,45696],{"className":47,"code":45695,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[52,45697,45698,45704,45727,45759,45767],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45699,45700,45702],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45701,29401],{"class":959},[55,45703,979],{"class":69},[55,45705,45706,45709,45711,45713,45715,45717,45719,45721,45723,45725],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45707,45708],{"class":61},"    age ",[55,45710,66],{"class":65},[55,45712,44874],{"class":850},[55,45714,120],{"class":69},[55,45716,42059],{"class":116},[55,45718,120],{"class":69},[55,45720,74],{"class":73},[55,45722,44778],{"class":77},[55,45724,74],{"class":73},[55,45726,1357],{"class":69},[55,45728,45729,45731,45733,45735,45738,45740,45742,45744,45746,45748,45750,45752,45755,45757],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45730,985],{"class":116},[55,45732,120],{"class":69},[55,45734,74],{"class":73},[55,45736,45737],{"class":77},"You will be",[55,45739,74],{"class":73},[55,45741,83],{"class":69},[55,45743,45056],{"class":123},[55,45745,1643],{"class":65},[55,45747,5090],{"class":130},[55,45749,83],{"class":69},[55,45751,86],{"class":73},[55,45753,45754],{"class":77},"next year",[55,45756,74],{"class":73},[55,45758,103],{"class":69},[55,45760,45761,45763,45765],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,45762,29432],{"class":959},[55,45764,41523],{"class":850},[55,45766,979],{"class":69},[55,45768,45769,45771,45773,45775,45778,45780],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,45770,985],{"class":116},[55,45772,120],{"class":69},[55,45774,74],{"class":73},[55,45776,45777],{"class":77},"Please enter a whole number.",[55,45779,74],{"class":73},[55,45781,103],{"class":69},[14,45783,45784],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[14,45786,45787,45788,198],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[194,45789,45791],{"href":45790},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44514,45793],{},[37,45795,1298],{"id":1297},[14,45797,45798,45799,854],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[52,45800,2545],{},[21,45802,45803,45810,45813,45816],{},[24,45804,45805,45806,2465,45808],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[52,45807,2464],{},[52,45809,2471],{},[24,45811,45812],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[24,45814,45815],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[24,45817,45818],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[14,45820,31681],{},[45,45822,45824],{"className":47,"code":45823,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[52,45825,45826,45836,45850],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45827,45828,45830,45832,45834],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45829,117],{"class":116},[55,45831,120],{"class":69},[55,45833,2058],{"class":123},[55,45835,103],{"class":69},[55,45837,45838,45840,45842,45844,45846,45848],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45839,117],{"class":116},[55,45841,120],{"class":69},[55,45843,1396],{"class":850},[55,45845,120],{"class":69},[55,45847,2058],{"class":123},[55,45849,1357],{"class":69},[55,45851,45852,45854,45856,45858,45860,45862],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45853,117],{"class":116},[55,45855,120],{"class":69},[55,45857,41376],{"class":116},[55,45859,120],{"class":69},[55,45861,2058],{"class":123},[55,45863,1357],{"class":69},[14,45865,45866,45867,45869],{},"These help you inspect what ",[52,45868,2545],{}," actually returned:",[21,45871,45872,45877,45882],{},[24,45873,45874,45876],{},[52,45875,41424],{}," shows the value",[24,45878,45879,45881],{},[52,45880,41430],{}," shows the data type",[24,45883,45884,45886],{},[52,45885,41435],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[14,45888,233],{},[45,45890,45892],{"className":47,"code":45891,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[52,45893,45894,45913,45923,45937],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,45895,45896,45898,45900,45902,45904,45906,45909,45911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,45897,2031],{"class":61},[55,45899,66],{"class":65},[55,45901,7837],{"class":116},[55,45903,120],{"class":69},[55,45905,74],{"class":73},[55,45907,45908],{"class":77},"Enter something: ",[55,45910,74],{"class":73},[55,45912,103],{"class":69},[55,45914,45915,45917,45919,45921],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,45916,117],{"class":116},[55,45918,120],{"class":69},[55,45920,2058],{"class":123},[55,45922,103],{"class":69},[55,45924,45925,45927,45929,45931,45933,45935],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,45926,117],{"class":116},[55,45928,120],{"class":69},[55,45930,1396],{"class":850},[55,45932,120],{"class":69},[55,45934,2058],{"class":123},[55,45936,1357],{"class":69},[55,45938,45939,45941,45943,45945,45947,45949],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,45940,117],{"class":116},[55,45942,120],{"class":69},[55,45944,41376],{"class":116},[55,45946,120],{"class":69},[55,45948,2058],{"class":123},[55,45950,1357],{"class":69},[44514,45952],{},[37,45954,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,45956,12304,45958,45960],{"id":45957},"does-input-return-an-integer",[52,45959,2545],{}," return an integer?",[14,45962,45963,45964,45966,45967,39525],{},"No. ",[52,45965,2545],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[52,45968,2464],{},[1425,45970,45972,45973,2078],{"id":45971},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[52,45974,2545],{},[14,45976,45977,45978,45980],{},"No. You can call ",[52,45979,2545],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[1425,45982,4749,45984,45987,45988,2078],{"id":45983},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[52,45985,45986],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[52,45989,2545],{},[14,45991,28658,45992,45994,45995,41752,45997,45999],{},[52,45993,2545],{}," returns strings. ",[52,45996,45304],{},[52,45998,45308],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[1425,46001,46003],{"id":46002},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[14,46005,1440,46006,46008,46009,198],{},[52,46007,45568],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[52,46010,46011],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44514,46013],{},[37,46015,1495],{"id":1494},[21,46017,46018,46023,46027,46033,46039,46043],{},[24,46019,46020],{},[194,46021,46022],{"href":45790},"How to get user input in Python",[24,46024,46025],{},[194,46026,8655],{"href":8577},[24,46028,46029],{},[194,46030,3165,46031,3098],{"href":2461},[52,46032,2464],{},[24,46034,46035],{},[194,46036,3165,46037,3098],{"href":2468},[52,46038,2471],{},[24,46040,46041],{},[194,46042,45515],{"href":45514},[24,46044,46045],{},[194,46046,3165,46048,3098],{"href":46047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[52,46049,46050],{},"print()",[1524,46052,46053],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":46055},[46056,46057,46059,46060,46062,46068,46076,46077,46078,46087],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":44518,"depth":106,"text":46058},"What input() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":44747,"depth":106,"text":46061},"What input() returns",{"id":44950,"depth":106,"text":44951,"children":46063},[46064,46065,46067],{"id":44954,"depth":113,"text":44955},{"id":45007,"depth":113,"text":46066},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45078,"depth":113,"text":45079},{"id":45313,"depth":106,"text":45314,"children":46069},[46070,46072,46073,46075],{"id":45322,"depth":113,"text":46071},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45390,"depth":113,"text":45391},{"id":45465,"depth":113,"text":46074},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45518,"depth":113,"text":45519},{"id":45610,"depth":106,"text":45611},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":46079},[46080,46082,46084,46086],{"id":45957,"depth":113,"text":46081},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45971,"depth":113,"text":46083},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45983,"depth":113,"text":46085},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46002,"depth":113,"text":46003},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41791,"description":46088},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46095,"title":41693,"body":46096,"description":48408,"extension":1546,"meta":48409,"navigation":109,"path":48410,"seo":48411,"stem":48412,"__hash__":48413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46097,"toc":48360},[46098,46103,46108,46113,46134,46137,46139,46199,46201,46220,46225,46230,46235,46237,46250,46252,46335,46337,46378,46384,46386,46416,46422,46425,46442,46444,46496,46498,46516,46522,46528,46531,46549,46551,46624,46626,46645,46652,46658,46663,46666,46726,46728,46747,46750,46753,46768,46774,46778,46839,46841,46862,46866,46995,46997,47127,47137,47143,47149,47157,47223,47225,47250,47253,47269,47282,47288,47291,47324,47326,47339,47342,47385,47387,47395,47402,47406,47413,47417,47444,47446,47454,47460,47477,47482,47486,47513,47515,47523,47527,47532,47535,47561,47564,47573,47581,47585,47595,47599,47602,47604,47655,47657,47687,47697,47724,47726,47734,47744,47748,47751,47753,47801,47803,47847,47853,47904,47906,47925,47930,47935,47938,47957,47960,48012,48014,48023,48025,48029,48033,48036,48045,48052,48054,48081,48085,48087,48096,48099,48106,48112,48172,48176,48178,48186,48189,48215,48221,48224,48244,48246,48255,48263,48265,48271,48276,48283,48293,48299,48307,48311,48314,48316,48357],[10,46099,3165,46101,3169],{"id":46100},"python-int-function-explained",[52,46102,2464],{},[14,46104,31916,46105,46107],{},[52,46106,2464],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[14,46109,35006,46110,46112],{},[52,46111,2464],{}," when they want to:",[21,46114,46115,46125,46128,46131],{},[24,46116,46117,46118,46121,46122],{},"turn text like ",[52,46119,46120],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[52,46123,46124],{},"42",[24,46126,46127],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[24,46129,46130],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[24,46132,46133],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[14,46135,46136],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[37,46138,1588],{"id":1587},[45,46140,46142],{"className":47,"code":46141,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[52,46143,46144,46162,46176],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46145,46146,46148,46150,46152,46154,46156,46158,46160],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46147,117],{"class":116},[55,46149,120],{"class":69},[55,46151,1772],{"class":850},[55,46153,120],{"class":69},[55,46155,74],{"class":73},[55,46157,46124],{"class":77},[55,46159,74],{"class":73},[55,46161,1357],{"class":69},[55,46163,46164,46166,46168,46170,46172,46174],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46165,117],{"class":116},[55,46167,120],{"class":69},[55,46169,1772],{"class":850},[55,46171,120],{"class":69},[55,46173,41581],{"class":130},[55,46175,1357],{"class":69},[55,46177,46178,46180,46182,46184,46186,46188,46191,46193,46195,46197],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46179,117],{"class":116},[55,46181,120],{"class":69},[55,46183,1772],{"class":850},[55,46185,120],{"class":69},[55,46187,74],{"class":73},[55,46189,46190],{"class":77},"101",[55,46192,74],{"class":73},[55,46194,83],{"class":69},[55,46196,976],{"class":130},[55,46198,1357],{"class":69},[14,46200,314],{},[45,46202,46204],{"className":47,"code":46203,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"42\n3\n5\n",[52,46205,46206,46211,46216],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46207,46208],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46209,46210],{"class":130},"42\n",[55,46212,46213],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46214,46215],{"class":130},"3\n",[55,46217,46218],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46219,2534],{"class":130},[14,46221,1440,46222,46224],{},[52,46223,2464],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[37,46226,3265,46228,3268],{"id":46227},"what-int-does",[52,46229,2464],{},[14,46231,46232,46234],{},[52,46233,2464],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[14,46236,12652],{},[21,46238,46239,46244,46247],{},[24,46240,46241,46242,6934],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[52,46243,1772],{},[24,46245,46246],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[24,46248,46249],{},"It does not change the original object.",[14,46251,233],{},[45,46253,46255],{"className":47,"code":46254,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[52,46256,46257,46269,46283,46287,46297,46307,46321],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46258,46259,46261,46263,46265,46267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46260,34287],{"class":61},[55,46262,66],{"class":65},[55,46264,86],{"class":73},[55,46266,8791],{"class":77},[55,46268,1288],{"class":73},[55,46270,46271,46273,46275,46277,46279,46281],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46272,1801],{"class":61},[55,46274,66],{"class":65},[55,46276,44874],{"class":850},[55,46278,120],{"class":69},[55,46280,34308],{"class":123},[55,46282,103],{"class":69},[55,46284,46285],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46286,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,46288,46289,46291,46293,46295],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,46290,117],{"class":116},[55,46292,120],{"class":69},[55,46294,34308],{"class":123},[55,46296,103],{"class":69},[55,46298,46299,46301,46303,46305],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,46300,117],{"class":116},[55,46302,120],{"class":69},[55,46304,1824],{"class":123},[55,46306,103],{"class":69},[55,46308,46309,46311,46313,46315,46317,46319],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,46310,117],{"class":116},[55,46312,120],{"class":69},[55,46314,1396],{"class":850},[55,46316,120],{"class":69},[55,46318,34308],{"class":123},[55,46320,1357],{"class":69},[55,46322,46323,46325,46327,46329,46331,46333],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,46324,117],{"class":116},[55,46326,120],{"class":69},[55,46328,1396],{"class":850},[55,46330,120],{"class":69},[55,46332,1824],{"class":123},[55,46334,1357],{"class":69},[14,46336,314],{},[45,46338,46340],{"className":47,"code":46339,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[52,46341,46342,46346,46350,46364],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46343,46344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46345,2296],{"class":130},[55,46347,46348],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46349,2296],{"class":130},[55,46351,46352,46354,46356,46358,46360,46362],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46353,2878],{"class":65},[55,46355,2881],{"class":1648},[55,46357,2884],{"class":73},[55,46359,3032],{"class":77},[55,46361,2889],{"class":73},[55,46363,2892],{"class":65},[55,46365,46366,46368,46370,46372,46374,46376],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,46367,2878],{"class":65},[55,46369,2881],{"class":1648},[55,46371,2884],{"class":73},[55,46373,1772],{"class":77},[55,46375,2889],{"class":73},[55,46377,2892],{"class":65},[14,46379,46380,46381,46383],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[52,46382,2464],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[37,46385,1740],{"id":1739},[45,46387,46389],{"className":47,"code":46388,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[52,46390,46391,46401],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46392,46393,46395,46397,46399],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46394,1772],{"class":850},[55,46396,120],{"class":69},[55,46398,1757],{"class":123},[55,46400,103],{"class":69},[55,46402,46403,46405,46407,46409,46411,46414],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46404,1772],{"class":850},[55,46406,120],{"class":69},[55,46408,1757],{"class":123},[55,46410,83],{"class":69},[55,46412,46413],{"class":123}," base",[55,46415,103],{"class":69},[1425,46417,46419],{"id":46418},"intx",[52,46420,46421],{},"int(x)",[14,46423,46424],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[21,46426,46427,46432,46437],{},[24,46428,46429,46430],{},"a string such as ",[52,46431,41723],{},[24,46433,46434,46435],{},"a float such as ",[52,46436,41581],{},[24,46438,46439,46440],{},"a boolean such as ",[52,46441,3194],{},[14,46443,233],{},[45,46445,46447],{"className":47,"code":46446,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[52,46448,46449,46467,46482],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46450,46451,46453,46455,46457,46459,46461,46463,46465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46452,117],{"class":116},[55,46454,120],{"class":69},[55,46456,1772],{"class":850},[55,46458,120],{"class":69},[55,46460,74],{"class":73},[55,46462,250],{"class":77},[55,46464,74],{"class":73},[55,46466,1357],{"class":69},[55,46468,46469,46471,46473,46475,46477,46480],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46470,117],{"class":116},[55,46472,120],{"class":69},[55,46474,1772],{"class":850},[55,46476,120],{"class":69},[55,46478,46479],{"class":130},"8.7",[55,46481,1357],{"class":69},[55,46483,46484,46486,46488,46490,46492,46494],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46485,117],{"class":116},[55,46487,120],{"class":69},[55,46489,1772],{"class":850},[55,46491,120],{"class":69},[55,46493,3194],{"class":3443},[55,46495,1357],{"class":69},[14,46497,314],{},[45,46499,46501],{"className":47,"code":46500,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"10\n8\n1\n",[52,46502,46503,46507,46511],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46504,46505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46506,324],{"class":130},[55,46508,46509],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46510,1965],{"class":130},[55,46512,46513],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46514,46515],{"class":130},"1\n",[1425,46517,46519],{"id":46518},"intx-base",[52,46520,46521],{},"int(x, base)",[14,46523,46524,46525,46527],{},"Use this form when ",[52,46526,1757],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[14,46529,46530],{},"Common bases:",[21,46532,46533,46538,46543],{},[24,46534,46535,46537],{},[52,46536,309],{}," for binary",[24,46539,46540,46542],{},[52,46541,1930],{}," for octal",[24,46544,46545,46548],{},[52,46546,46547],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[14,46550,233],{},[45,46552,46554],{"className":47,"code":46553,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[52,46555,46556,46578,46601],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46557,46558,46560,46562,46564,46566,46568,46570,46572,46574,46576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46559,117],{"class":116},[55,46561,120],{"class":69},[55,46563,1772],{"class":850},[55,46565,120],{"class":69},[55,46567,74],{"class":73},[55,46569,46190],{"class":77},[55,46571,74],{"class":73},[55,46573,83],{"class":69},[55,46575,976],{"class":130},[55,46577,1357],{"class":69},[55,46579,46580,46582,46584,46586,46588,46590,46593,46595,46597,46599],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46581,117],{"class":116},[55,46583,120],{"class":69},[55,46585,1772],{"class":850},[55,46587,120],{"class":69},[55,46589,74],{"class":73},[55,46591,46592],{"class":77},"17",[55,46594,74],{"class":73},[55,46596,83],{"class":69},[55,46598,5954],{"class":130},[55,46600,1357],{"class":69},[55,46602,46603,46605,46607,46609,46611,46613,46616,46618,46620,46622],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46604,117],{"class":116},[55,46606,120],{"class":69},[55,46608,1772],{"class":850},[55,46610,120],{"class":69},[55,46612,74],{"class":73},[55,46614,46615],{"class":77},"1A",[55,46617,74],{"class":73},[55,46619,83],{"class":69},[55,46621,13584],{"class":130},[55,46623,1357],{"class":69},[14,46625,314],{},[45,46627,46629],{"className":47,"code":46628,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5\n15\n26\n",[52,46630,46631,46635,46640],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46632,46633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46634,2534],{"class":130},[55,46636,46637],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46638,46639],{"class":130},"15\n",[55,46641,46642],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46643,46644],{"class":130},"26\n",[14,46646,46647,46648,198],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[194,46649,46650,1888],{"href":2468},[52,46651,2471],{},[37,46653,8012,46655,46657],{"id":46654},"using-int-with-strings",[52,46656,2464],{}," with strings",[14,46659,46660,46662],{},[52,46661,2464],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[14,46664,46665],{},"Examples that work:",[45,46667,46669],{"className":47,"code":46668,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[52,46670,46671,46689,46707],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46672,46673,46675,46677,46679,46681,46683,46685,46687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46674,117],{"class":116},[55,46676,120],{"class":69},[55,46678,1772],{"class":850},[55,46680,120],{"class":69},[55,46682,74],{"class":73},[55,46684,817],{"class":77},[55,46686,74],{"class":73},[55,46688,1357],{"class":69},[55,46690,46691,46693,46695,46697,46699,46701,46703,46705],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46692,117],{"class":116},[55,46694,120],{"class":69},[55,46696,1772],{"class":850},[55,46698,120],{"class":69},[55,46700,74],{"class":73},[55,46702,1877],{"class":77},[55,46704,74],{"class":73},[55,46706,1357],{"class":69},[55,46708,46709,46711,46713,46715,46717,46719,46722,46724],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46710,117],{"class":116},[55,46712,120],{"class":69},[55,46714,1772],{"class":850},[55,46716,120],{"class":69},[55,46718,74],{"class":73},[55,46720,46721],{"class":77},"  42  ",[55,46723,74],{"class":73},[55,46725,1357],{"class":69},[14,46727,314],{},[45,46729,46731],{"className":47,"code":46730,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5\n-12\n42\n",[52,46732,46733,46737,46743],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46734,46735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46736,2534],{"class":130},[55,46738,46739,46741],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46740,171],{"class":65},[55,46742,1809],{"class":130},[55,46744,46745],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46746,46210],{"class":130},[14,46748,46749],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[14,46751,46752],{},"Examples that fail:",[45,46754,46756],{"className":47,"code":46755,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[52,46757,46758,46763],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46759,46760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46761,46762],{"class":137},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[55,46764,46765],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46766,46767],{"class":137},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[14,46769,46770,46771,46773],{},"These raise ",[52,46772,40300],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[1425,46775,46777],{"id":46776},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[45,46779,46781],{"className":47,"code":46780,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[52,46782,46783,46801,46820],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46784,46785,46787,46789,46791,46793,46795,46797,46799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46786,117],{"class":116},[55,46788,120],{"class":69},[55,46790,1772],{"class":850},[55,46792,120],{"class":69},[55,46794,74],{"class":73},[55,46796,131],{"class":77},[55,46798,74],{"class":73},[55,46800,1357],{"class":69},[55,46802,46803,46805,46807,46809,46811,46813,46816,46818],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46804,117],{"class":116},[55,46806,120],{"class":69},[55,46808,1772],{"class":850},[55,46810,120],{"class":69},[55,46812,74],{"class":73},[55,46814,46815],{"class":77},"+7",[55,46817,74],{"class":73},[55,46819,1357],{"class":69},[55,46821,46822,46824,46826,46828,46830,46832,46835,46837],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46823,117],{"class":116},[55,46825,120],{"class":69},[55,46827,1772],{"class":850},[55,46829,120],{"class":69},[55,46831,74],{"class":73},[55,46833,46834],{"class":77},"-100",[55,46836,74],{"class":73},[55,46838,1357],{"class":69},[14,46840,314],{},[45,46842,46844],{"className":47,"code":46843,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0\n7\n-100\n",[52,46845,46846,46851,46855],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46847,46848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46849,46850],{"class":130},"0\n",[55,46852,46853],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46854,1663],{"class":130},[55,46856,46857,46859],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46858,171],{"class":65},[55,46860,46861],{"class":130},"100\n",[1425,46863,46865],{"id":46864},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[45,46867,46869],{"className":47,"code":46868,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[52,46870,46871,46909,46913,46925,46932,46947,46962],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,46872,46873,46875,46877,46879,46881,46883,46885,46887,46889,46892,46894,46896,46898,46900,46902,46905,46907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,46874,3413],{"class":61},[55,46876,66],{"class":65},[55,46878,3211],{"class":69},[55,46880,74],{"class":73},[55,46882,39739],{"class":77},[55,46884,74],{"class":73},[55,46886,83],{"class":69},[55,46888,86],{"class":73},[55,46890,46891],{"class":77},"12abc",[55,46893,74],{"class":73},[55,46895,83],{"class":69},[55,46897,5720],{"class":73},[55,46899,83],{"class":69},[55,46901,86],{"class":73},[55,46903,46904],{"class":77},"seven",[55,46906,74],{"class":73},[55,46908,386],{"class":69},[55,46910,46911],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,46912,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,46914,46915,46917,46919,46921,46923],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,46916,5551],{"class":959},[55,46918,21181],{"class":61},[55,46920,3474],{"class":959},[55,46922,3477],{"class":61},[55,46924,979],{"class":69},[55,46926,46927,46930],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,46928,46929],{"class":959},"    try",[55,46931,979],{"class":69},[55,46933,46934,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,46935,46936],{"class":116},"        print",[55,46938,120],{"class":69},[55,46940,1772],{"class":850},[55,46942,120],{"class":69},[55,46944,2058],{"class":123},[55,46946,1357],{"class":69},[55,46948,46949,46952,46954,46957,46960],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,46950,46951],{"class":959},"    except",[55,46953,41523],{"class":850},[55,46955,46956],{"class":959}," as",[55,46958,46959],{"class":61}," error",[55,46961,979],{"class":69},[55,46963,46964,46966,46968,46970,46972,46974,46976,46979,46981,46984,46986,46989,46991,46993],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,46965,46936],{"class":116},[55,46967,120],{"class":69},[55,46969,21891],{"class":1648},[55,46971,74],{"class":77},[55,46973,8875],{"class":130},[55,46975,2058],{"class":123},[55,46977,46978],{"class":1648},"!r",[55,46980,21900],{"class":130},[55,46982,46983],{"class":77}," -> ",[55,46985,8875],{"class":130},[55,46987,46988],{"class":123},"error",[55,46990,21900],{"class":130},[55,46992,74],{"class":77},[55,46994,103],{"class":69},[14,46996,314],{},[45,46998,47000],{"className":47,"code":46999,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[52,47001,47002,47038,47070,47095],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47003,47004,47006,47008,47010,47013,47016,47018,47020,47022,47025,47028,47030,47032,47034,47036],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47005,2889],{"class":42925},[55,47007,39739],{"class":42929},[55,47009,2889],{"class":42925},[55,47011,47012],{"class":36963}," ->",[55,47014,47015],{"class":61}," invalid literal ",[55,47017,5551],{"class":959},[55,47019,44874],{"class":850},[55,47021,6960],{"class":69},[55,47023,47024],{"class":959}," with",[55,47026,47027],{"class":61}," base ",[55,47029,250],{"class":130},[55,47031,854],{"class":69},[55,47033,2884],{"class":73},[55,47035,39739],{"class":77},[55,47037,29297],{"class":73},[55,47039,47040,47042,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062,47064,47066,47068],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47041,2889],{"class":73},[55,47043,46891],{"class":77},[55,47045,2889],{"class":73},[55,47047,47012],{"class":36963},[55,47049,47015],{"class":61},[55,47051,5551],{"class":959},[55,47053,44874],{"class":850},[55,47055,6960],{"class":69},[55,47057,47024],{"class":959},[55,47059,47027],{"class":61},[55,47061,250],{"class":130},[55,47063,854],{"class":69},[55,47065,2884],{"class":73},[55,47067,46891],{"class":77},[55,47069,29297],{"class":73},[55,47071,47072,47074,47076,47078,47080,47082,47084,47086,47088,47090,47092],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47073,3363],{"class":73},[55,47075,47012],{"class":36963},[55,47077,47015],{"class":61},[55,47079,5551],{"class":959},[55,47081,44874],{"class":850},[55,47083,6960],{"class":69},[55,47085,47024],{"class":959},[55,47087,47027],{"class":61},[55,47089,250],{"class":130},[55,47091,854],{"class":69},[55,47093,47094],{"class":73}," ''\n",[55,47096,47097,47099,47101,47103,47105,47107,47109,47111,47113,47115,47117,47119,47121,47123,47125],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,47098,2889],{"class":73},[55,47100,46904],{"class":77},[55,47102,2889],{"class":73},[55,47104,47012],{"class":36963},[55,47106,47015],{"class":61},[55,47108,5551],{"class":959},[55,47110,44874],{"class":850},[55,47112,6960],{"class":69},[55,47114,47024],{"class":959},[55,47116,47027],{"class":61},[55,47118,250],{"class":130},[55,47120,854],{"class":69},[55,47122,2884],{"class":73},[55,47124,46904],{"class":77},[55,47126,29297],{"class":73},[14,47128,47129,47130,47132,47133,198],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[194,47131,8578],{"href":8577}," and the ",[194,47134,47135,1888],{"href":7814},[52,47136,2545],{},[37,47138,8012,47140,47142],{"id":47139},"using-int-with-floats",[52,47141,2464],{}," with floats",[14,47144,47145,47146,47148],{},"When you pass a float to ",[52,47147,2464],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[14,47150,47151,47152,13650,47154,47156],{},"Important: ",[52,47153,2464],{},[3332,47155,4222],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[45,47158,47160],{"className":47,"code":47159,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[52,47161,47162,47176,47191,47207],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47163,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172,47174],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47165,117],{"class":116},[55,47167,120],{"class":69},[55,47169,1772],{"class":850},[55,47171,120],{"class":69},[55,47173,41581],{"class":130},[55,47175,1357],{"class":69},[55,47177,47178,47180,47182,47184,47186,47189],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47179,117],{"class":116},[55,47181,120],{"class":69},[55,47183,1772],{"class":850},[55,47185,120],{"class":69},[55,47187,47188],{"class":130},"3.1",[55,47190,1357],{"class":69},[55,47192,47193,47195,47197,47199,47201,47203,47205],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47194,117],{"class":116},[55,47196,120],{"class":69},[55,47198,1772],{"class":850},[55,47200,120],{"class":69},[55,47202,171],{"class":65},[55,47204,41581],{"class":130},[55,47206,1357],{"class":69},[55,47208,47209,47211,47213,47215,47217,47219,47221],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,47210,117],{"class":116},[55,47212,120],{"class":69},[55,47214,1772],{"class":850},[55,47216,120],{"class":69},[55,47218,171],{"class":65},[55,47220,47188],{"class":130},[55,47222,1357],{"class":69},[14,47224,314],{},[45,47226,47228],{"className":47,"code":47227,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[52,47229,47230,47234,47238,47244],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47231,47232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47233,46215],{"class":130},[55,47235,47236],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47237,46215],{"class":130},[55,47239,47240,47242],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47241,171],{"class":65},[55,47243,46215],{"class":130},[55,47245,47246,47248],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,47247,171],{"class":65},[55,47249,46215],{"class":130},[14,47251,47252],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[21,47254,47255,47262],{},[24,47256,47257,41752,47260],{},[52,47258,47259],{},"int(3.9)",[52,47261,609],{},[24,47263,47264,41752,47267],{},[52,47265,47266],{},"int(-3.9)",[52,47268,514],{},[14,47270,47271,47272,47276,47277,198],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[194,47273,47274],{"href":2468},[52,47275,2471],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[194,47278,47279],{"href":41772},[52,47280,47281],{},"str()",[37,47283,8012,47285,47287],{"id":47284},"using-int-with-booleans",[52,47286,2464],{}," with booleans",[14,47289,47290],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[45,47292,47294],{"className":47,"code":47293,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[52,47295,47296,47310],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47297,47298,47300,47302,47304,47306,47308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47299,117],{"class":116},[55,47301,120],{"class":69},[55,47303,1772],{"class":850},[55,47305,120],{"class":69},[55,47307,3194],{"class":3443},[55,47309,1357],{"class":69},[55,47311,47312,47314,47316,47318,47320,47322],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47313,117],{"class":116},[55,47315,120],{"class":69},[55,47317,1772],{"class":850},[55,47319,120],{"class":69},[55,47321,3261],{"class":3443},[55,47323,1357],{"class":69},[14,47325,314],{},[45,47327,47329],{"className":47,"code":47328,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1\n0\n",[52,47330,47331,47335],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47332,47333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47334,46515],{"class":130},[55,47336,47337],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47338,46850],{"class":130},[14,47340,47341],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[45,47343,47345],{"className":47,"code":47344,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[52,47346,47347,47356,47371,47375],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47348,47349,47352,47354],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47350,47351],{"class":61},"passed ",[55,47353,66],{"class":65},[55,47355,6017],{"class":3443},[55,47357,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366,47369],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47359,40779],{"class":61},[55,47361,66],{"class":65},[55,47363,44874],{"class":850},[55,47365,120],{"class":69},[55,47367,47368],{"class":123},"passed",[55,47370,103],{"class":69},[55,47372,47373],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47374,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,47376,47377,47379,47381,47383],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,47378,117],{"class":116},[55,47380,120],{"class":69},[55,47382,40808],{"class":123},[55,47384,103],{"class":69},[14,47386,314],{},[45,47388,47389],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,47390,47391],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47392,47393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47394,46515],{"class":130},[14,47396,47397,47398,198],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[194,47399,47400,1888],{"href":5373},[52,47401,3403],{},[37,47403,47405],{"id":47404},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[14,47407,47408,47409,47412],{},"Use the ",[52,47410,47411],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[1425,47414,47416],{"id":47415},"binary-example","Binary example",[45,47418,47420],{"className":47,"code":47419,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[52,47421,47422],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47423,47424,47426,47428,47430,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47425,117],{"class":116},[55,47427,120],{"class":69},[55,47429,1772],{"class":850},[55,47431,120],{"class":69},[55,47433,74],{"class":73},[55,47435,46190],{"class":77},[55,47437,74],{"class":73},[55,47439,83],{"class":69},[55,47441,976],{"class":130},[55,47443,1357],{"class":69},[14,47445,314],{},[45,47447,47448],{"className":47,"code":2534,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,47449,47450],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47451,47452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47453,2534],{"class":130},[14,47455,47456,47459],{},[52,47457,47458],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[21,47461,47462,47467,47472],{},[24,47463,47464],{},[52,47465,47466],{},"1 × 4",[24,47468,47469],{},[52,47470,47471],{},"0 × 2",[24,47473,47474],{},[52,47475,47476],{},"1 × 1",[14,47478,47479,47480,198],{},"So the result is ",[52,47481,817],{},[1425,47483,47485],{"id":47484},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[45,47487,47489],{"className":47,"code":47488,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[52,47490,47491],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47492,47493,47495,47497,47499,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509,47511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47494,117],{"class":116},[55,47496,120],{"class":69},[55,47498,1772],{"class":850},[55,47500,120],{"class":69},[55,47502,74],{"class":73},[55,47504,46615],{"class":77},[55,47506,74],{"class":73},[55,47508,83],{"class":69},[55,47510,13584],{"class":130},[55,47512,1357],{"class":69},[14,47514,314],{},[45,47516,47517],{"className":47,"code":46644,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,47518,47519],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47520,47521],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47522,46644],{"class":130},[1425,47524,47526],{"id":47525},"important-rule","Important rule",[14,47528,1563,47529,47531],{},[52,47530,47411],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[14,47533,47534],{},"Good:",[45,47536,47537],{"className":47,"code":47419,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,47538,47539],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47540,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47542,117],{"class":116},[55,47544,120],{"class":69},[55,47546,1772],{"class":850},[55,47548,120],{"class":69},[55,47550,74],{"class":73},[55,47552,46190],{"class":77},[55,47554,74],{"class":73},[55,47556,83],{"class":69},[55,47558,976],{"class":130},[55,47560,1357],{"class":69},[14,47562,47563],{},"Not correct:",[45,47565,47567],{"className":47,"code":47566,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# int(101, 2)\n",[52,47568,47569],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47570,47571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47572,47566],{"class":137},[14,47574,47575,47576,8197,47578,47580],{},"That causes a ",[52,47577,2592],{},[52,47579,47411],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[37,47582,47584],{"id":47583},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[14,47586,47587,47588,47590,47591,3983,47593,198],{},"Two common errors with ",[52,47589,2464],{}," are ",[52,47592,40300],{},[52,47594,2592],{},[1425,47596,47597],{"id":41110},[52,47598,40300],{},[14,47600,47601],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[14,47603,233],{},[45,47605,47607],{"className":47,"code":47606,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[52,47608,47609,47615,47633,47645],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47610,47611,47613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47612,29401],{"class":959},[55,47614,979],{"class":69},[55,47616,47617,47619,47621,47623,47625,47627,47629,47631],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47618,985],{"class":116},[55,47620,120],{"class":69},[55,47622,1772],{"class":850},[55,47624,120],{"class":69},[55,47626,74],{"class":73},[55,47628,39739],{"class":77},[55,47630,74],{"class":73},[55,47632,1357],{"class":69},[55,47634,47635,47637,47639,47641,47643],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47636,29432],{"class":959},[55,47638,41523],{"class":850},[55,47640,46956],{"class":959},[55,47642,46959],{"class":61},[55,47644,979],{"class":69},[55,47646,47647,47649,47651,47653],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,47648,985],{"class":116},[55,47650,120],{"class":69},[55,47652,46988],{"class":123},[55,47654,103],{"class":69},[14,47656,314],{},[45,47658,47660],{"className":47,"code":47659,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[52,47661,47662],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47663,47664,47667,47669,47671,47673,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47665,47666],{"class":61},"invalid literal ",[55,47668,5551],{"class":959},[55,47670,44874],{"class":850},[55,47672,6960],{"class":69},[55,47674,47024],{"class":959},[55,47676,47027],{"class":61},[55,47678,250],{"class":130},[55,47680,854],{"class":69},[55,47682,2884],{"class":73},[55,47684,39739],{"class":77},[55,47686,29297],{"class":73},[14,47688,47689,47690,47693,47694,47696],{},"A decimal string like ",[52,47691,47692],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[52,47695,2464],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[45,47698,47700],{"className":47,"code":47699,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[52,47701,47702],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47703,47704,47706,47708,47710,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47705,117],{"class":116},[55,47707,120],{"class":69},[55,47709,1772],{"class":850},[55,47711,120],{"class":69},[55,47713,1776],{"class":850},[55,47715,120],{"class":69},[55,47717,74],{"class":73},[55,47719,39739],{"class":77},[55,47721,74],{"class":73},[55,47723,2499],{"class":69},[14,47725,314],{},[45,47727,47728],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,47729,47730],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47731,47732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47733,46215],{"class":130},[14,47735,47736,47737,3983,47740,198],{},"If you see this often, read ",[194,47738,47739],{"href":2549},"how to convert string to int in Python",[194,47741,1002,47742],{"href":45514},[52,47743,45515],{},[1425,47745,47746],{"id":41176},[52,47747,2592],{},[14,47749,47750],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[14,47752,233],{},[45,47754,47756],{"className":47,"code":47755,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[52,47757,47758,47764,47778,47791],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47759,47760,47762],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47761,29401],{"class":959},[55,47763,979],{"class":69},[55,47765,47766,47768,47770,47772,47774,47776],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47767,985],{"class":116},[55,47769,120],{"class":69},[55,47771,1772],{"class":850},[55,47773,120],{"class":69},[55,47775,3368],{"class":3443},[55,47777,1357],{"class":69},[55,47779,47780,47782,47785,47787,47789],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47781,29432],{"class":959},[55,47783,47784],{"class":850}," TypeError",[55,47786,46956],{"class":959},[55,47788,46959],{"class":61},[55,47790,979],{"class":69},[55,47792,47793,47795,47797,47799],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,47794,985],{"class":116},[55,47796,120],{"class":69},[55,47798,46988],{"class":123},[55,47800,103],{"class":69},[14,47802,314],{},[45,47804,47806],{"className":47,"code":47805,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[52,47807,47808],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47809,47810,47812,47814,47817,47819,47821,47824,47826,47829,47831,47834,47836,47838,47840,47842,47845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47811,1772],{"class":850},[55,47813,6960],{"class":69},[55,47815,47816],{"class":61}," argument must be a string",[55,47818,83],{"class":69},[55,47820,44142],{"class":61},[55,47822,47823],{"class":850},"bytes",[55,47825,171],{"class":65},[55,47827,47828],{"class":61},"like ",[55,47830,41995],{"class":850},[55,47832,47833],{"class":65}," or",[55,47835,40436],{"class":61},[55,47837,83],{"class":69},[55,47839,7694],{"class":65},[55,47841,2884],{"class":73},[55,47843,47844],{"class":77},"NoneType",[55,47846,29297],{"class":73},[14,47848,47849,47850,47852],{},"Another example is using the ",[52,47851,47411],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[45,47854,47856],{"className":47,"code":47855,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[52,47857,47858,47864,47882,47894],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47859,47860,47862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47861,29401],{"class":959},[55,47863,979],{"class":69},[55,47865,47866,47868,47870,47872,47874,47876,47878,47880],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47867,985],{"class":116},[55,47869,120],{"class":69},[55,47871,1772],{"class":850},[55,47873,120],{"class":69},[55,47875,46190],{"class":130},[55,47877,83],{"class":69},[55,47879,976],{"class":130},[55,47881,1357],{"class":69},[55,47883,47884,47886,47888,47890,47892],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47885,29432],{"class":959},[55,47887,47784],{"class":850},[55,47889,46956],{"class":959},[55,47891,46959],{"class":61},[55,47893,979],{"class":69},[55,47895,47896,47898,47900,47902],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,47897,985],{"class":116},[55,47899,120],{"class":69},[55,47901,46988],{"class":123},[55,47903,103],{"class":69},[14,47905,314],{},[45,47907,47909],{"className":47,"code":47908,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[52,47910,47911],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47912,47913,47915,47917,47920,47922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47914,1772],{"class":850},[55,47916,6960],{"class":69},[55,47918,47919],{"class":61}," can",[55,47921,2889],{"class":73},[55,47923,47924],{"class":77},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[37,47926,4553,47928],{"id":47927},"when-to-use-int",[52,47929,2464],{},[14,47931,1440,47932,47934],{},[52,47933,2464],{}," when you need a whole number.",[14,47936,47937],{},"Common uses:",[21,47939,47940,47946,47949,47952],{},[24,47941,47942,47943,47945],{},"Convert user input from ",[52,47944,2545],{}," into integers",[24,47947,47948],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[24,47950,47951],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[24,47953,47954,47955,36211],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[52,47956,47411],{},[14,47958,47959],{},"Example with user input:",[45,47961,47963],{"className":47,"code":47962,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[52,47964,47965,47979,47994,47998],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,47966,47967,47970,47972,47974,47977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,47968,47969],{"class":61},"age_text ",[55,47971,66],{"class":65},[55,47973,86],{"class":73},[55,47975,47976],{"class":77},"18",[55,47978,1288],{"class":73},[55,47980,47981,47983,47985,47987,47989,47992],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,47982,21225],{"class":61},[55,47984,66],{"class":65},[55,47986,44874],{"class":850},[55,47988,120],{"class":69},[55,47990,47991],{"class":123},"age_text",[55,47993,103],{"class":69},[55,47995,47996],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,47997,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,47999,48000,48002,48004,48006,48008,48010],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,48001,117],{"class":116},[55,48003,120],{"class":69},[55,48005,21225],{"class":123},[55,48007,1643],{"class":65},[55,48009,5090],{"class":130},[55,48011,103],{"class":69},[14,48013,314],{},[45,48015,48017],{"className":47,"code":48016,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"19\n",[52,48018,48019],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48020,48021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48022,48016],{"class":130},[37,48024,1298],{"id":1297},[14,48026,14330,48027,198],{},[52,48028,2464],{},[1425,48030,48032],{"id":48031},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[14,48034,48035],{},"This fails:",[45,48037,48039],{"className":47,"code":48038,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[52,48040,48041],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48042,48043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48044,48038],{"class":137},[14,48046,48047,48048,48051],{},"Why: ",[52,48049,48050],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[14,48053,18438],{},[45,48055,48057],{"className":47,"code":48056,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[52,48058,48059],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48060,48061,48063,48065,48067,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48062,117],{"class":116},[55,48064,120],{"class":69},[55,48066,1772],{"class":850},[55,48068,120],{"class":69},[55,48070,1776],{"class":850},[55,48072,120],{"class":69},[55,48074,74],{"class":73},[55,48076,40720],{"class":77},[55,48078,74],{"class":73},[55,48080,2499],{"class":69},[1425,48082,48084],{"id":48083},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[14,48086,48035],{},[45,48088,48090],{"className":47,"code":48089,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[52,48091,48092],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48093,48094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48095,48089],{"class":137},[14,48097,48098],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[1425,48100,48102,48103],{"id":48101},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[52,48104,48105],{},"int(None)",[14,48107,48108,48109,48111],{},"This fails because ",[52,48110,3368],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[45,48113,48115],{"className":47,"code":48114,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[52,48116,48117,48126,48130,48136,48150,48162],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48118,48119,48121,48123],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48120,2031],{"class":61},[55,48122,66],{"class":65},[55,48124,48125],{"class":3443}," None\n",[55,48127,48128],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48129,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,48131,48132,48134],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,48133,29401],{"class":959},[55,48135,979],{"class":69},[55,48137,48138,48140,48142,48144,48146,48148],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,48139,985],{"class":116},[55,48141,120],{"class":69},[55,48143,1772],{"class":850},[55,48145,120],{"class":69},[55,48147,2058],{"class":123},[55,48149,1357],{"class":69},[55,48151,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,48153,29432],{"class":959},[55,48155,47784],{"class":850},[55,48157,46956],{"class":959},[55,48159,46959],{"class":61},[55,48161,979],{"class":69},[55,48163,48164,48166,48168,48170],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,48165,985],{"class":116},[55,48167,120],{"class":69},[55,48169,46988],{"class":123},[55,48171,103],{"class":69},[1425,48173,48175],{"id":48174},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[14,48177,48035],{},[45,48179,48180],{"className":47,"code":47566,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,48181,48182],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48183,48184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48185,47566],{"class":137},[14,48187,48188],{},"Use a string instead:",[45,48190,48191],{"className":47,"code":47419,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,48192,48193],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48194,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205,48207,48209,48211,48213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48196,117],{"class":116},[55,48198,120],{"class":69},[55,48200,1772],{"class":850},[55,48202,120],{"class":69},[55,48204,74],{"class":73},[55,48206,46190],{"class":77},[55,48208,74],{"class":73},[55,48210,83],{"class":69},[55,48212,976],{"class":130},[55,48214,1357],{"class":69},[1425,48216,8048,48218,48220],{"id":48217},"expecting-int-to-round",[52,48219,2464],{}," to round",[14,48222,48223],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[45,48225,48227],{"className":47,"code":48226,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(int(4.9))\n",[52,48228,48229],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48230,48231,48233,48235,48237,48239,48242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48232,117],{"class":116},[55,48234,120],{"class":69},[55,48236,1772],{"class":850},[55,48238,120],{"class":69},[55,48240,48241],{"class":130},"4.9",[55,48243,1357],{"class":69},[14,48245,314],{},[45,48247,48249],{"className":47,"code":48248,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"4\n",[52,48250,48251],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48252,48253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48254,48248],{"class":130},[14,48256,2757,48257,48259,48260,48262],{},[52,48258,817],{},", remember that ",[52,48261,2464],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[37,48264,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,48266,12304,48268,48270],{"id":48267},"does-int-round-numbers",[52,48269,2464],{}," round numbers?",[14,48272,45963,48273,48275],{},[52,48274,2464],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[1425,48277,4749,48279,48282],{"id":48278},"why-does-int314-fail",[52,48280,48281],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[14,48284,28658,48285,48287,48288,48290,48291,39525],{},[52,48286,47692],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[52,48289,2471],{}," first, then use ",[52,48292,2464],{},[1425,48294,4733,48296,12316],{"id":48295},"what-does-inttrue-return",[52,48297,48298],{},"int(True)",[14,48300,4739,48301,27910,48303,41752,48305,198],{},[52,48302,152],{},[52,48304,3261],{},[52,48306,131],{},[1425,48308,48310],{"id":48309},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[14,48312,48313],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[37,48315,1495],{"id":1494},[21,48317,48318,48324,48330,48336,48341,48345,48351],{},[24,48319,48320],{},[194,48321,48322,3098],{"href":2468},[52,48323,2471],{},[24,48325,48326],{},[194,48327,48328,3098],{"href":41772},[52,48329,47281],{},[24,48331,48332],{},[194,48333,48334,3098],{"href":5373},[52,48335,3403],{},[24,48337,48338],{},[194,48339,48340],{"href":2549},"How to convert string to int in Python",[24,48342,48343],{},[194,48344,8655],{"href":8577},[24,48346,48347],{},[194,48348,48349,3098],{"href":7814},[52,48350,2545],{},[24,48352,48353],{},[194,48354,29945,48355],{"href":45514},[52,48356,45515],{},[1524,48358,48359],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":48361},[48362,48363,48365,48369,48374,48376,48378,48383,48387,48389,48398,48407],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":46227,"depth":106,"text":48364},"What int() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":48366},[48367,48368],{"id":46418,"depth":113,"text":46421},{"id":46518,"depth":113,"text":46521},{"id":46654,"depth":106,"text":48370,"children":48371},"Using int() with strings",[48372,48373],{"id":46776,"depth":113,"text":46777},{"id":46864,"depth":113,"text":46865},{"id":47139,"depth":106,"text":48375},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47284,"depth":106,"text":48377},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47404,"depth":106,"text":47405,"children":48379},[48380,48381,48382],{"id":47415,"depth":113,"text":47416},{"id":47484,"depth":113,"text":47485},{"id":47525,"depth":113,"text":47526},{"id":47583,"depth":106,"text":47584,"children":48384},[48385,48386],{"id":41110,"depth":113,"text":40300},{"id":41176,"depth":113,"text":2592},{"id":47927,"depth":106,"text":48388},"When to use int()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":48390},[48391,48392,48393,48395,48396],{"id":48031,"depth":113,"text":48032},{"id":48083,"depth":113,"text":48084},{"id":48101,"depth":113,"text":48394},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48174,"depth":113,"text":48175},{"id":48217,"depth":113,"text":48397},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":48399},[48400,48402,48404,48406],{"id":48267,"depth":113,"text":48401},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48278,"depth":113,"text":48403},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48295,"depth":113,"text":48405},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48309,"depth":113,"text":48310},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41693,"description":48408},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48415,"title":48416,"body":48417,"description":50252,"extension":1546,"meta":50253,"navigation":109,"path":44400,"seo":50254,"stem":50255,"__hash__":50256},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48418,"toc":50208},[48419,48424,48429,48437,48446,48448,48507,48513,48518,48523,48526,48554,48557,48560,48571,48581,48583,48585,48605,48609,48637,48639,48678,48680,48688,48690,48693,48697,48750,48752,48764,48768,48825,48827,48839,48845,48851,48855,48858,48861,48927,48929,48941,48947,48949,49001,49004,49045,49048,49055,49064,49070,49073,49106,49112,49115,49146,49152,49155,49167,49171,49176,49180,49338,49340,49355,49358,49362,49466,49468,49485,49489,49550,49552,49560,49563,49567,49634,49636,49644,49650,49652,49661,49663,49698,49703,49705,49735,49739,49741,49778,49781,49783,49820,49826,49828,49878,49880,49888,49898,49904,49908,49913,49962,49964,49977,49980,49982,49985,50060,50063,50082,50085,50115,50125,50127,50132,50139,50145,50151,50158,50166,50172,50175,50177,50205],[10,48420,3165,48422,3169],{"id":48421},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[52,48423,44403],{},[14,48425,48426,48428],{},[52,48427,44403],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[14,48430,48431,48432,2465,48434,48436],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[52,48433,3194],{},[52,48435,3261],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[14,48438,48439,48440,48442,48443,48445],{},"In many cases, ",[52,48441,44403],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[52,48444,1887],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[37,48447,40],{"id":39},[45,48449,48451],{"className":47,"code":48450,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[52,48452,48453,48461,48465,48486],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48454,48455,48457,48459],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48456,2031],{"class":61},[55,48458,66],{"class":65},[55,48460,2174],{"class":130},[55,48462,48463],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48464,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,48466,48467,48469,48471,48474,48476,48478,48480,48482,48484],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,48468,117],{"class":116},[55,48470,120],{"class":69},[55,48472,48473],{"class":116},"isinstance",[55,48475,120],{"class":69},[55,48477,2058],{"class":123},[55,48479,83],{"class":69},[55,48481,44874],{"class":850},[55,48483,947],{"class":69},[55,48485,43452],{"class":137},[55,48487,48488,48490,48492,48494,48496,48498,48500,48503,48505],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,48489,117],{"class":116},[55,48491,120],{"class":69},[55,48493,48473],{"class":116},[55,48495,120],{"class":69},[55,48497,2058],{"class":123},[55,48499,83],{"class":69},[55,48501,48502],{"class":850}," str",[55,48504,947],{"class":69},[55,48506,43469],{"class":137},[14,48508,1440,48509,48512],{},[52,48510,48511],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[37,48514,3265,48516,3268],{"id":48515},"what-isinstance-does",[52,48517,44403],{},[14,48519,48520,48522],{},[52,48521,44403],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[14,48524,48525],{},"It:",[21,48527,48528,48531,48537,48540],{},[24,48529,48530],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[24,48532,11022,48533,2465,48535],{},[52,48534,3194],{},[52,48536,3261],{},[24,48538,48539],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[24,48541,48542,48543,1773,48545,1773,48547,1773,48549,16670,48552],{},"Is commonly used with ",[52,48544,3032],{},[52,48546,1772],{},[52,48548,7688],{},[52,48550,48551],{},"tuple",[52,48553,8418],{},[14,48555,48556],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[14,48558,48559],{},"For example, you might want to:",[21,48561,48562,48565,48568],{},[24,48563,48564],{},"loop through a list",[24,48566,48567],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[24,48569,48570],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[14,48572,48573,48574,2465,48577,198],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[194,48575,44395],{"href":48576},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[194,48578,48580],{"href":48579},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[37,48582,1740],{"id":1739},[14,48584,1743],{},[45,48586,48588],{"className":47,"code":48587,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[52,48589,48590],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48591,48592,48594,48596,48598,48600,48603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48593,48473],{"class":116},[55,48595,120],{"class":69},[55,48597,41995],{"class":850},[55,48599,83],{"class":69},[55,48601,48602],{"class":123}," classinfo",[55,48604,103],{"class":69},[1425,48606,48608],{"id":48607},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[21,48610,48611,48616,48630],{},[24,48612,48613,48615],{},[52,48614,41995],{}," is the value you want to test",[24,48617,48618,48621,48622,1773,48624,1773,48626,1777,48628],{},[52,48619,48620],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[52,48623,1772],{},[52,48625,3032],{},[52,48627,7688],{},[52,48629,8418],{},[24,48631,48632,48633,2465,48635],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[52,48634,3194],{},[52,48636,3261],{},[14,48638,233],{},[45,48640,48642],{"className":47,"code":48641,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[52,48643,48644,48656,48660],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48645,48646,48648,48650,48652,48654],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48647,7471],{"class":61},[55,48649,66],{"class":65},[55,48651,86],{"class":73},[55,48653,11107],{"class":77},[55,48655,1288],{"class":73},[55,48657,48658],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48659,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,48661,48662,48664,48666,48668,48670,48672,48674,48676],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,48663,117],{"class":116},[55,48665,120],{"class":69},[55,48667,48473],{"class":116},[55,48669,120],{"class":69},[55,48671,7263],{"class":123},[55,48673,83],{"class":69},[55,48675,48502],{"class":850},[55,48677,1357],{"class":69},[14,48679,314],{},[45,48681,48682],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,48683,48684],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48685,48686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48687,3570],{"class":3443},[37,48689,11073],{"id":11072},[14,48691,48692],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[1425,48694,48696],{"id":48695},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[45,48698,48700],{"className":47,"code":48699,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[52,48701,48702,48710,48714,48732],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48703,48704,48706,48708],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48705,2031],{"class":61},[55,48707,66],{"class":65},[55,48709,44823],{"class":130},[55,48711,48712],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48713,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,48715,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724,48726,48728,48730],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,48717,117],{"class":116},[55,48719,120],{"class":69},[55,48721,48473],{"class":116},[55,48723,120],{"class":69},[55,48725,2058],{"class":123},[55,48727,83],{"class":69},[55,48729,44874],{"class":850},[55,48731,1357],{"class":69},[55,48733,48734,48736,48738,48740,48742,48744,48746,48748],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,48735,117],{"class":116},[55,48737,120],{"class":69},[55,48739,48473],{"class":116},[55,48741,120],{"class":69},[55,48743,2058],{"class":123},[55,48745,83],{"class":69},[55,48747,48502],{"class":850},[55,48749,1357],{"class":69},[14,48751,314],{},[45,48753,48754],{"className":47,"code":43771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,48755,48756,48760],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48757,48758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48759,3570],{"class":3443},[55,48761,48762],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48763,3631],{"class":3443},[1425,48765,48767],{"id":48766},"check-text","Check text",[45,48769,48771],{"className":47,"code":48770,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[52,48772,48773,48785,48789,48807],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48774,48775,48777,48779,48781,48783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48776,34287],{"class":61},[55,48778,66],{"class":65},[55,48780,86],{"class":73},[55,48782,3436],{"class":77},[55,48784,1288],{"class":73},[55,48786,48787],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48788,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,48790,48791,48793,48795,48797,48799,48801,48803,48805],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,48792,117],{"class":116},[55,48794,120],{"class":69},[55,48796,48473],{"class":116},[55,48798,120],{"class":69},[55,48800,34308],{"class":123},[55,48802,83],{"class":69},[55,48804,48502],{"class":850},[55,48806,1357],{"class":69},[55,48808,48809,48811,48813,48815,48817,48819,48821,48823],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,48810,117],{"class":116},[55,48812,120],{"class":69},[55,48814,48473],{"class":116},[55,48816,120],{"class":69},[55,48818,34308],{"class":123},[55,48820,83],{"class":69},[55,48822,44874],{"class":850},[55,48824,1357],{"class":69},[14,48826,314],{},[45,48828,48829],{"className":47,"code":43771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,48830,48831,48835],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48832,48833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48834,3570],{"class":3443},[55,48836,48837],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48838,3631],{"class":3443},[14,48840,48841,48842,48844],{},"In both examples, ",[52,48843,44403],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[14,48846,48847,48848,198],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[194,48849,48850],{"href":2549},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[37,48852,48854],{"id":48853},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[14,48856,48857],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[14,48859,48860],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[45,48862,48864],{"className":47,"code":48863,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[52,48865,48866,48875,48879,48903],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48867,48868,48870,48872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48869,2031],{"class":61},[55,48871,66],{"class":65},[55,48873,48874],{"class":130}," 3.5\n",[55,48876,48877],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48878,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,48880,48881,48883,48885,48887,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,48882,117],{"class":116},[55,48884,120],{"class":69},[55,48886,48473],{"class":116},[55,48888,120],{"class":69},[55,48890,2058],{"class":123},[55,48892,83],{"class":69},[55,48894,70],{"class":69},[55,48896,1772],{"class":850},[55,48898,83],{"class":69},[55,48900,39851],{"class":850},[55,48902,2499],{"class":69},[55,48904,48905,48907,48909,48911,48913,48915,48917,48919,48921,48923,48925],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,48906,117],{"class":116},[55,48908,120],{"class":69},[55,48910,48473],{"class":116},[55,48912,120],{"class":69},[55,48914,2058],{"class":123},[55,48916,83],{"class":69},[55,48918,70],{"class":69},[55,48920,3032],{"class":850},[55,48922,83],{"class":69},[55,48924,22156],{"class":850},[55,48926,2499],{"class":69},[14,48928,314],{},[45,48930,48931],{"className":47,"code":43771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,48932,48933,48937],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48934,48935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48936,3570],{"class":3443},[55,48938,48939],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48940,3631],{"class":3443},[14,48942,48943,48944,48946],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[52,48945,40433],{}," conditions.",[14,48948,7893],{},[45,48950,48952],{"className":47,"code":48951,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[52,48953,48954,48962,48966],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,48955,48956,48958,48960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,48957,2031],{"class":61},[55,48959,66],{"class":65},[55,48961,48874],{"class":130},[55,48963,48964],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,48965,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,48967,48968,48970,48972,48974,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986,48989,48991,48993,48995,48997,48999],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,48969,117],{"class":116},[55,48971,120],{"class":69},[55,48973,1396],{"class":850},[55,48975,120],{"class":69},[55,48977,2058],{"class":123},[55,48979,970],{"class":69},[55,48981,6002],{"class":65},[55,48983,44874],{"class":850},[55,48985,47833],{"class":959},[55,48987,48988],{"class":850}," type",[55,48990,120],{"class":69},[55,48992,2058],{"class":123},[55,48994,970],{"class":69},[55,48996,6002],{"class":65},[55,48998,39851],{"class":850},[55,49000,103],{"class":69},[14,49002,49003],{},"you can write this:",[45,49005,49007],{"className":47,"code":49006,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[52,49008,49009,49017,49021],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49010,49011,49013,49015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49012,2031],{"class":61},[55,49014,66],{"class":65},[55,49016,48874],{"class":130},[55,49018,49019],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49020,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,49022,49023,49025,49027,49029,49031,49033,49035,49037,49039,49041,49043],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,49024,117],{"class":116},[55,49026,120],{"class":69},[55,49028,48473],{"class":116},[55,49030,120],{"class":69},[55,49032,2058],{"class":123},[55,49034,83],{"class":69},[55,49036,70],{"class":69},[55,49038,1772],{"class":850},[55,49040,83],{"class":69},[55,49042,39851],{"class":850},[55,49044,2499],{"class":69},[14,49046,49047],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[37,49049,49051,10183,49053],{"id":49050},"isinstance-vs-type",[52,49052,44403],{},[52,49054,1887],{},[14,49056,10188,49057,3983,49059,49063],{},[52,49058,44403],{},[194,49060,49061],{"href":1884},[52,49062,1887],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[1425,49065,49067],{"id":49066},"typevalue-int",[52,49068,49069],{},"type(value) == int",[14,49071,49072],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[45,49074,49076],{"className":47,"code":49075,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[52,49077,49078,49086],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49079,49080,49082,49084],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49081,2031],{"class":61},[55,49083,66],{"class":65},[55,49085,2174],{"class":130},[55,49087,49088,49090,49092,49094,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49089,117],{"class":116},[55,49091,120],{"class":69},[55,49093,1396],{"class":850},[55,49095,120],{"class":69},[55,49097,2058],{"class":123},[55,49099,970],{"class":69},[55,49101,6002],{"class":65},[55,49103,44874],{"class":850},[55,49105,103],{"class":69},[1425,49107,49109],{"id":49108},"isinstancevalue-int",[52,49110,49111],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[14,49113,49114],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[45,49116,49118],{"className":47,"code":49117,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[52,49119,49120,49128],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49121,49122,49124,49126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49123,2031],{"class":61},[55,49125,66],{"class":65},[55,49127,2174],{"class":130},[55,49129,49130,49132,49134,49136,49138,49140,49142,49144],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49131,117],{"class":116},[55,49133,120],{"class":69},[55,49135,48473],{"class":116},[55,49137,120],{"class":69},[55,49139,2058],{"class":123},[55,49141,83],{"class":69},[55,49143,44874],{"class":850},[55,49145,1357],{"class":69},[14,49147,49148,49149,49151],{},"For beginners, ",[52,49150,44403],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[14,49153,49154],{},"In everyday code:",[21,49156,49157,49162],{},[24,49158,39586,49159,49161],{},[52,49160,1887],{}," when you need the exact type",[24,49163,39586,49164,49166],{},[52,49165,44403],{}," when you want a practical type check",[37,49168,49170],{"id":49169},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[14,49172,49173,49174,198],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[52,49175,44403],{},[1425,49177,49179],{"id":49178},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[45,49181,49183],{"className":47,"code":49182,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[52,49184,49185,49203,49222,49234,49239,49257,49268,49272,49284,49288,49312],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49186,49187,49189,49192,49194,49196,49198,49201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49188,34451],{"class":1648},[55,49190,49191],{"class":34454}," repeat_text",[55,49193,120],{"class":69},[55,49195,34308],{"class":37259},[55,49197,83],{"class":69},[55,49199,49200],{"class":37259}," count",[55,49202,839],{"class":69},[55,49204,49205,49207,49209,49212,49214,49216,49218,49220],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49206,5992],{"class":959},[55,49208,7694],{"class":65},[55,49210,49211],{"class":116}," isinstance",[55,49213,120],{"class":69},[55,49215,34308],{"class":123},[55,49217,83],{"class":69},[55,49219,48502],{"class":850},[55,49221,839],{"class":69},[55,49223,49224,49227,49229,49232],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,49225,49226],{"class":959},"        return",[55,49228,86],{"class":73},[55,49230,49231],{"class":77},"text must be a string",[55,49233,1288],{"class":73},[55,49235,49236],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,49237,49238],{"class":61},"    \n",[55,49240,49241,49243,49245,49247,49249,49251,49253,49255],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,49242,5992],{"class":959},[55,49244,7694],{"class":65},[55,49246,49211],{"class":116},[55,49248,120],{"class":69},[55,49250,40856],{"class":123},[55,49252,83],{"class":69},[55,49254,44874],{"class":850},[55,49256,839],{"class":69},[55,49258,49259,49261,49263,49266],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,49260,49226],{"class":959},[55,49262,86],{"class":73},[55,49264,49265],{"class":77},"count must be an integer",[55,49267,1288],{"class":73},[55,49269,49270],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,49271,49238],{"class":61},[55,49273,49274,49276,49279,49281],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,49275,34462],{"class":959},[55,49277,49278],{"class":61}," text ",[55,49280,39468],{"class":65},[55,49282,49283],{"class":61}," count\n",[55,49285,49286],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,49287,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,49289,49290,49292,49294,49297,49299,49301,49304,49306,49308,49310],{"class":57,"line":6031},[55,49291,117],{"class":116},[55,49293,120],{"class":69},[55,49295,49296],{"class":123},"repeat_text",[55,49298,120],{"class":69},[55,49300,74],{"class":73},[55,49302,49303],{"class":77},"Hi ",[55,49305,74],{"class":73},[55,49307,83],{"class":69},[55,49309,2036],{"class":130},[55,49311,1357],{"class":69},[55,49313,49314,49316,49318,49320,49322,49324,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336],{"class":57,"line":11193},[55,49315,117],{"class":116},[55,49317,120],{"class":69},[55,49319,49296],{"class":123},[55,49321,120],{"class":69},[55,49323,74],{"class":73},[55,49325,49303],{"class":77},[55,49327,74],{"class":73},[55,49329,83],{"class":69},[55,49331,86],{"class":73},[55,49333,609],{"class":77},[55,49335,74],{"class":73},[55,49337,1357],{"class":69},[14,49339,314],{},[45,49341,49343],{"className":47,"code":49342,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[52,49344,49345,49350],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49346,49347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49348,49349],{"class":61},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[55,49351,49352],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49353,49354],{"class":61},"count must be an integer\n",[14,49356,49357],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[1425,49359,49361],{"id":49360},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[45,49363,49365],{"className":47,"code":49364,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[52,49366,49367,49399,49403,49419,49434,49451],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49368,49369,49371,49373,49375,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395,49397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49370,2031],{"class":61},[55,49372,66],{"class":65},[55,49374,3211],{"class":69},[55,49376,74],{"class":73},[55,49378,194],{"class":77},[55,49380,74],{"class":73},[55,49382,83],{"class":69},[55,49384,86],{"class":73},[55,49386,786],{"class":77},[55,49388,74],{"class":73},[55,49390,83],{"class":69},[55,49392,86],{"class":73},[55,49394,795],{"class":77},[55,49396,74],{"class":73},[55,49398,386],{"class":69},[55,49400,49401],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49402,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,49404,49405,49407,49409,49411,49413,49415,49417],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,49406,960],{"class":959},[55,49408,49211],{"class":116},[55,49410,120],{"class":69},[55,49412,2058],{"class":123},[55,49414,83],{"class":69},[55,49416,48502],{"class":850},[55,49418,839],{"class":69},[55,49420,49421,49423,49425,49427,49430,49432],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,49422,985],{"class":116},[55,49424,120],{"class":69},[55,49426,74],{"class":73},[55,49428,49429],{"class":77},"This is text",[55,49431,74],{"class":73},[55,49433,103],{"class":69},[55,49435,49436,49439,49441,49443,49445,49447,49449],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,49437,49438],{"class":959},"elif",[55,49440,49211],{"class":116},[55,49442,120],{"class":69},[55,49444,2058],{"class":123},[55,49446,83],{"class":69},[55,49448,22156],{"class":850},[55,49450,839],{"class":69},[55,49452,49453,49455,49457,49459,49462,49464],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,49454,985],{"class":116},[55,49456,120],{"class":69},[55,49458,74],{"class":73},[55,49460,49461],{"class":77},"This is a list",[55,49463,74],{"class":73},[55,49465,103],{"class":69},[14,49467,314],{},[45,49469,49471],{"className":47,"code":49470,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"This is a list\n",[52,49472,49473],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49474,49475,49478,49480,49482],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49476,49477],{"class":61},"This ",[55,49479,11793],{"class":65},[55,49481,44142],{"class":61},[55,49483,49484],{"class":850},"list\n",[1425,49486,49488],{"id":49487},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[45,49490,49492],{"className":47,"code":49491,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[52,49493,49494,49506,49510,49526,49540],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49495,49496,49498,49500,49502,49504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49497,2031],{"class":61},[55,49499,66],{"class":65},[55,49501,86],{"class":73},[55,49503,46124],{"class":77},[55,49505,1288],{"class":73},[55,49507,49508],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49509,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,49511,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,49513,960],{"class":959},[55,49515,49211],{"class":116},[55,49517,120],{"class":69},[55,49519,2058],{"class":123},[55,49521,83],{"class":69},[55,49523,48502],{"class":850},[55,49525,839],{"class":69},[55,49527,49528,49530,49532,49534,49536,49538],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,49529,41487],{"class":61},[55,49531,66],{"class":65},[55,49533,44874],{"class":850},[55,49535,120],{"class":69},[55,49537,2058],{"class":123},[55,49539,103],{"class":69},[55,49541,49542,49544,49546,49548],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,49543,985],{"class":116},[55,49545,120],{"class":69},[55,49547,1824],{"class":123},[55,49549,103],{"class":69},[14,49551,314],{},[45,49553,49554],{"className":47,"code":46210,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,49555,49556],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49557,49558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49559,46210],{"class":130},[14,49561,49562],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[1425,49564,49566],{"id":49565},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[45,49568,49570],{"className":47,"code":49569,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[52,49571,49572,49596,49600,49616],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49573,49574,49576,49578,49580,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49575,2031],{"class":61},[55,49577,66],{"class":65},[55,49579,10088],{"class":69},[55,49581,74],{"class":73},[55,49583,7263],{"class":77},[55,49585,74],{"class":73},[55,49587,854],{"class":69},[55,49589,86],{"class":73},[55,49591,645],{"class":77},[55,49593,74],{"class":73},[55,49595,8906],{"class":69},[55,49597,49598],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49599,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,49601,49602,49604,49606,49608,49610,49612,49614],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,49603,960],{"class":959},[55,49605,49211],{"class":116},[55,49607,120],{"class":69},[55,49609,2058],{"class":123},[55,49611,83],{"class":69},[55,49613,8768],{"class":850},[55,49615,839],{"class":69},[55,49617,49618,49620,49622,49624,49626,49628,49630,49632],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,49619,985],{"class":116},[55,49621,120],{"class":69},[55,49623,2058],{"class":123},[55,49625,127],{"class":69},[55,49627,74],{"class":73},[55,49629,7263],{"class":77},[55,49631,74],{"class":73},[55,49633,282],{"class":69},[14,49635,314],{},[45,49637,49638],{"className":47,"code":737,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,49639,49640],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49641,49642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49643,737],{"class":61},[14,49645,49646,49647,49649],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[52,49648,2592],{}," messages later.",[37,49651,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,49653,49655,49656,1309,49659],{"id":49654},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[52,49657,49658],{},"\"int\"",[52,49660,1772],{},[14,49662,16241],{},[45,49664,49666],{"className":47,"code":49665,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[52,49667,49668,49676],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49669,49670,49672,49674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49671,2031],{"class":61},[55,49673,66],{"class":65},[55,49675,2174],{"class":130},[55,49677,49678,49680,49682,49684,49686,49688,49690,49692,49694,49696],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49679,117],{"class":116},[55,49681,120],{"class":69},[55,49683,48473],{"class":116},[55,49685,120],{"class":69},[55,49687,2058],{"class":123},[55,49689,83],{"class":69},[55,49691,86],{"class":73},[55,49693,1772],{"class":77},[55,49695,74],{"class":73},[55,49697,1357],{"class":69},[14,49699,49700,49702],{},[52,49701,49658],{}," is a string, not a type.",[14,49704,16253],{},[45,49706,49707],{"className":47,"code":49117,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,49708,49709,49717],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49710,49711,49713,49715],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49712,2031],{"class":61},[55,49714,66],{"class":65},[55,49716,2174],{"class":130},[55,49718,49719,49721,49723,49725,49727,49729,49731,49733],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49720,117],{"class":116},[55,49722,120],{"class":69},[55,49724,48473],{"class":116},[55,49726,120],{"class":69},[55,49728,2058],{"class":123},[55,49730,83],{"class":69},[55,49732,44874],{"class":850},[55,49734,1357],{"class":69},[1425,49736,49738],{"id":49737},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[14,49740,16241],{},[45,49742,49744],{"className":47,"code":49743,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[52,49745,49746,49754],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49747,49748,49750,49752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49749,2031],{"class":61},[55,49751,66],{"class":65},[55,49753,34442],{"class":130},[55,49755,49756,49758,49760,49762,49764,49766,49768,49770,49772,49774,49776],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49757,117],{"class":116},[55,49759,120],{"class":69},[55,49761,48473],{"class":116},[55,49763,120],{"class":69},[55,49765,2058],{"class":123},[55,49767,83],{"class":69},[55,49769,3211],{"class":69},[55,49771,1772],{"class":850},[55,49773,83],{"class":69},[55,49775,39851],{"class":850},[55,49777,2586],{"class":69},[14,49779,49780],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[14,49782,16253],{},[45,49784,49786],{"className":47,"code":49785,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[52,49787,49788,49796],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49789,49790,49792,49794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49791,2031],{"class":61},[55,49793,66],{"class":65},[55,49795,34442],{"class":130},[55,49797,49798,49800,49802,49804,49806,49808,49810,49812,49814,49816,49818],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49799,117],{"class":116},[55,49801,120],{"class":69},[55,49803,48473],{"class":116},[55,49805,120],{"class":69},[55,49807,2058],{"class":123},[55,49809,83],{"class":69},[55,49811,70],{"class":69},[55,49813,1772],{"class":850},[55,49815,83],{"class":69},[55,49817,39851],{"class":850},[55,49819,2499],{"class":69},[1425,49821,25371,49823,49825],{"id":49822},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[52,49824,44403],{}," converts a value",[14,49827,18511],{},[45,49829,49831],{"className":47,"code":49830,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,49832,49833,49846,49864,49868],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49834,49835,49837,49839,49841,49844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49836,2031],{"class":61},[55,49838,66],{"class":65},[55,49840,86],{"class":73},[55,49842,49843],{"class":77},"123",[55,49845,1288],{"class":73},[55,49847,49848,49850,49852,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49849,1814],{"class":61},[55,49851,66],{"class":65},[55,49853,49211],{"class":116},[55,49855,120],{"class":69},[55,49857,2058],{"class":123},[55,49859,83],{"class":69},[55,49861,44874],{"class":850},[55,49863,103],{"class":69},[55,49865,49866],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,49867,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,49869,49870,49872,49874,49876],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,49871,117],{"class":116},[55,49873,120],{"class":69},[55,49875,1849],{"class":123},[55,49877,103],{"class":69},[14,49879,314],{},[45,49881,49882],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,49883,49884],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49885,49886],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49887,3631],{"class":3443},[14,49889,49890,49891,49894,49895,49897],{},"This does not convert ",[52,49892,49893],{},"\"123\""," into ",[52,49896,49843],{},". It only checks the type.",[14,49899,49900,49901,6226],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[52,49902,49903],{},"int(value)",[1425,49905,49907],{"id":49906},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[14,49909,49910,49912],{},[52,49911,44403],{}," does not modify anything.",[45,49914,49916],{"className":47,"code":49915,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[52,49917,49918,49930,49934,49952],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49919,49920,49922,49924,49926,49928],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49921,2031],{"class":61},[55,49923,66],{"class":65},[55,49925,86],{"class":73},[55,49927,13154],{"class":77},[55,49929,1288],{"class":73},[55,49931,49932],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49933,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,49935,49936,49938,49940,49942,49944,49946,49948,49950],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,49937,117],{"class":116},[55,49939,120],{"class":69},[55,49941,48473],{"class":116},[55,49943,120],{"class":69},[55,49945,2058],{"class":123},[55,49947,83],{"class":69},[55,49949,48502],{"class":850},[55,49951,1357],{"class":69},[55,49953,49954,49956,49958,49960],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,49955,117],{"class":116},[55,49957,120],{"class":69},[55,49959,2058],{"class":123},[55,49961,103],{"class":69},[14,49963,314],{},[45,49965,49967],{"className":47,"code":49966,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\n100\n",[52,49968,49969,49973],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49970,49971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49972,3570],{"class":3443},[55,49974,49975],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,49976,46861],{"class":130},[14,49978,49979],{},"The value stays the same.",[37,49981,25539],{"id":25538},[14,49983,49984],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[45,49986,49988],{"className":47,"code":49987,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[52,49989,49990,50004,50022,50046],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,49991,49992,49994,49996,49998,50000,50002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,49993,117],{"class":116},[55,49995,120],{"class":69},[55,49997,1396],{"class":850},[55,49999,120],{"class":69},[55,50001,2058],{"class":123},[55,50003,1357],{"class":69},[55,50005,50006,50008,50010,50012,50014,50016,50018,50020],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50007,117],{"class":116},[55,50009,120],{"class":69},[55,50011,48473],{"class":116},[55,50013,120],{"class":69},[55,50015,2058],{"class":123},[55,50017,83],{"class":69},[55,50019,44874],{"class":850},[55,50021,1357],{"class":69},[55,50023,50024,50026,50028,50030,50032,50034,50036,50038,50040,50042,50044],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,50025,117],{"class":116},[55,50027,120],{"class":69},[55,50029,48473],{"class":116},[55,50031,120],{"class":69},[55,50033,2058],{"class":123},[55,50035,83],{"class":69},[55,50037,70],{"class":69},[55,50039,1772],{"class":850},[55,50041,83],{"class":69},[55,50043,39851],{"class":850},[55,50045,2499],{"class":69},[55,50047,50048,50050,50052,50054,50056,50058],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,50049,117],{"class":116},[55,50051,120],{"class":69},[55,50053,41376],{"class":116},[55,50055,120],{"class":69},[55,50057,2058],{"class":123},[55,50059,1357],{"class":69},[14,50061,50062],{},"These can help when:",[21,50064,50065,50068,50073,50076],{},[24,50066,50067],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[24,50069,50070,50071],{},"you are getting a ",[52,50072,2592],{},[24,50074,50075],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[24,50077,50078,50079,50081],{},"the second argument to ",[52,50080,44403],{}," is invalid",[14,50083,50084],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[21,50086,50087,50101,50107,50112],{},[24,50088,50089,50090,2465,50093,50096,50097,2465,50099],{},"using ",[52,50091,50092],{},"'int'",[52,50094,50095],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[52,50098,1772],{},[52,50100,3032],{},[24,50102,50103,50104,50106],{},"expecting ",[52,50105,44403],{}," to convert a value",[24,50108,50089,50109,50111],{},[52,50110,1887],{}," when inherited types should also match",[24,50113,50114],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[14,50116,50117,50118,198],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[194,50119,50121,50122],{"href":50120},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[52,50123,50124],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[37,50126,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,50128,4733,50130,4736],{"id":50129},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[52,50131,44403],{},[14,50133,4739,50134,50136,50137,198],{},[52,50135,3194],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[52,50138,3261],{},[1425,50140,4761,50142,50144],{"id":50141},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[52,50143,44403],{}," check more than one type?",[14,50146,50147,50148,198],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[52,50149,50150],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[1425,50152,4771,50154,3983,50156,2078],{"id":50153},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[52,50155,44403],{},[52,50157,1887],{},[14,50159,50160,50162,50163,50165],{},[52,50161,1887],{}," gives the exact type. ",[52,50164,44403],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[1425,50167,12304,50169,50171],{"id":50168},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[52,50170,44403],{}," convert a value?",[14,50173,50174],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[37,50176,1495],{"id":1494},[21,50178,50179,50185,50189,50194,50199],{},[24,50180,50181],{},[194,50182,3165,50183,3098],{"href":1884},[52,50184,1887],{},[24,50186,50187],{},[194,50188,44395],{"href":48576},[24,50190,50191],{},[194,50192,50193],{"href":2549},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[24,50195,50196],{},[194,50197,50198],{"href":48579},"What is a data type in Python?",[24,50200,50201],{},[194,50202,50121,50203],{"href":50120},[52,50204,50124],{},[1524,50206,50207],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":50209},[50210,50211,50213,50216,50220,50221,50226,50232,50240,50241,50251],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":48515,"depth":106,"text":50212},"What isinstance() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":50214},[50215],{"id":48607,"depth":113,"text":48608},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073,"children":50217},[50218,50219],{"id":48695,"depth":113,"text":48696},{"id":48766,"depth":113,"text":48767},{"id":48853,"depth":106,"text":48854},{"id":49050,"depth":106,"text":50222,"children":50223},"isinstance() vs type()",[50224,50225],{"id":49066,"depth":113,"text":49069},{"id":49108,"depth":113,"text":49111},{"id":49169,"depth":106,"text":49170,"children":50227},[50228,50229,50230,50231],{"id":49178,"depth":113,"text":49179},{"id":49360,"depth":113,"text":49361},{"id":49487,"depth":113,"text":49488},{"id":49565,"depth":113,"text":49566},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":50233},[50234,50236,50237,50239],{"id":49654,"depth":113,"text":50235},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49737,"depth":113,"text":49738},{"id":49822,"depth":113,"text":50238},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49906,"depth":113,"text":49907},{"id":25538,"depth":106,"text":25539},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":50242},[50243,50245,50247,50249],{"id":50129,"depth":113,"text":50244},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50141,"depth":113,"text":50246},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50153,"depth":113,"text":50248},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50168,"depth":113,"text":50250},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48416,"description":50252},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50258,"title":50259,"body":50260,"description":52230,"extension":1546,"meta":52231,"navigation":109,"path":52232,"seo":52233,"stem":52234,"__hash__":52235},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50261,"toc":52205},[50262,50265,50270,50275,50289,50292,50294,50368,50373,50377,50382,50385,50399,50401,50566,50579,50581,50583,50598,50601,50604,50617,50619,50717,50721,50727,50730,50739,50741,50776,50781,50802,50807,50812,50844,50847,50904,50908,50914,50917,50970,50972,51012,51015,51082,51085,51136,51143,51147,51153,51238,51244,51250,51299,51302,51305,51355,51357,51362,51366,51416,51420,51467,51471,51548,51552,51617,51620,51624,51629,51634,51646,51648,51667,51673,51676,51695,51700,51727,51734,51738,51744,51747,51842,51845,51848,51897,51902,51904,51908,51943,51946,52003,52013,52016,52050,52053,52055,52059,52062,52066,52069,52073,52076,52080,52093,52097,52102,52104,52154,52166,52168,52202],[10,50263,50259],{"id":50264},"python-len-function-explained",[14,50266,8720,50267,50269],{},[52,50268,889],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[14,50271,35006,50272,50274],{},[52,50273,889],{}," to count:",[21,50276,50277,50280,50283,50286],{},[24,50278,50279],{},"characters in a string",[24,50281,50282],{},"items in a list or tuple",[24,50284,50285],{},"keys in a dictionary",[24,50287,50288],{},"unique items in a set",[14,50290,50291],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[37,50293,1588],{"id":1587},[45,50295,50297],{"className":47,"code":50296,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[52,50298,50299,50311,50331,50335,50352],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50300,50301,50303,50305,50307,50309],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50302,34287],{"class":61},[55,50304,66],{"class":65},[55,50306,86],{"class":73},[55,50308,3436],{"class":77},[55,50310,1288],{"class":73},[55,50312,50313,50315,50317,50319,50321,50323,50325,50327,50329],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50314,7375],{"class":61},[55,50316,66],{"class":65},[55,50318,3211],{"class":69},[55,50320,250],{"class":130},[55,50322,83],{"class":69},[55,50324,255],{"class":130},[55,50326,83],{"class":69},[55,50328,260],{"class":130},[55,50330,386],{"class":69},[55,50332,50333],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,50334,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,50336,50337,50339,50341,50343,50345,50347,50349],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,50338,117],{"class":116},[55,50340,120],{"class":69},[55,50342,940],{"class":116},[55,50344,120],{"class":69},[55,50346,34308],{"class":123},[55,50348,947],{"class":69},[55,50350,50351],{"class":137},"   # 5\n",[55,50353,50354,50356,50358,50360,50362,50364,50366],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,50355,117],{"class":116},[55,50357,120],{"class":69},[55,50359,940],{"class":116},[55,50361,120],{"class":69},[55,50363,7404],{"class":123},[55,50365,947],{"class":69},[55,50367,950],{"class":137},[14,50369,1440,50370,50372],{},[52,50371,889],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[37,50374,50376],{"id":50375},"what-len-does","What len() does",[14,50378,50379,50381],{},[52,50380,889],{}," returns the size of an object.",[14,50383,50384],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[21,50386,50387,50390,50393,50396],{},[24,50388,50389],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[24,50391,50392],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[24,50394,50395],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[24,50397,50398],{},"It always returns an integer",[14,50400,233],{},[45,50402,50404],{"className":47,"code":50403,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[52,50405,50406,50418,50442,50474,50494,50498,50515,50532,50549],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50407,50408,50410,50412,50414,50416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50409,7471],{"class":61},[55,50411,66],{"class":65},[55,50413,86],{"class":73},[55,50415,7272],{"class":77},[55,50417,1288],{"class":73},[55,50419,50420,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436,50438,50440],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50421,243],{"class":61},[55,50423,66],{"class":65},[55,50425,3211],{"class":69},[55,50427,250],{"class":130},[55,50429,83],{"class":69},[55,50431,255],{"class":130},[55,50433,83],{"class":69},[55,50435,260],{"class":130},[55,50437,83],{"class":69},[55,50439,1051],{"class":130},[55,50441,386],{"class":69},[55,50443,50444,50446,50448,50450,50452,50454,50456,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,50445,8763],{"class":61},[55,50447,66],{"class":65},[55,50449,10088],{"class":69},[55,50451,74],{"class":73},[55,50453,194],{"class":77},[55,50455,74],{"class":73},[55,50457,854],{"class":69},[55,50459,5090],{"class":130},[55,50461,83],{"class":69},[55,50463,86],{"class":73},[55,50465,786],{"class":77},[55,50467,74],{"class":73},[55,50469,854],{"class":69},[55,50471,976],{"class":130},[55,50473,8906],{"class":69},[55,50475,50476,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488,50490,50492],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,50477,3413],{"class":61},[55,50479,66],{"class":65},[55,50481,10088],{"class":69},[55,50483,817],{"class":130},[55,50485,83],{"class":69},[55,50487,37240],{"class":130},[55,50489,83],{"class":69},[55,50491,5587],{"class":130},[55,50493,8906],{"class":69},[55,50495,50496],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,50497,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,50499,50500,50502,50504,50506,50508,50510,50512],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,50501,117],{"class":116},[55,50503,120],{"class":69},[55,50505,940],{"class":116},[55,50507,120],{"class":69},[55,50509,7263],{"class":123},[55,50511,947],{"class":69},[55,50513,50514],{"class":137},"     # 3\n",[55,50516,50517,50519,50521,50523,50525,50527,50529],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,50518,117],{"class":116},[55,50520,120],{"class":69},[55,50522,940],{"class":116},[55,50524,120],{"class":69},[55,50526,275],{"class":123},[55,50528,947],{"class":69},[55,50530,50531],{"class":137},"  # 4\n",[55,50533,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544,50546],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,50535,117],{"class":116},[55,50537,120],{"class":69},[55,50539,940],{"class":116},[55,50541,120],{"class":69},[55,50543,8802],{"class":123},[55,50545,947],{"class":69},[55,50547,50548],{"class":137},"     # 2\n",[55,50550,50551,50553,50555,50557,50559,50561,50563],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,50552,117],{"class":116},[55,50554,120],{"class":69},[55,50556,940],{"class":116},[55,50558,120],{"class":69},[55,50560,4951],{"class":123},[55,50562,947],{"class":69},[55,50564,50565],{"class":137},"   # 3\n",[14,50567,50568,50569,1773,50573,16670,50577,198],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[194,50570,50572],{"href":50571},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[194,50574,50576],{"href":50575},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[194,50578,8753],{"href":8752},[37,50580,1740],{"id":1739},[14,50582,1743],{},[45,50584,50586],{"className":47,"code":50585,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"len(object)\n",[52,50587,50588],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50589,50590,50592,50594,50596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50591,940],{"class":116},[55,50593,120],{"class":69},[55,50595,41995],{"class":850},[55,50597,103],{"class":69},[14,50599,50600],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[14,50602,50603],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[21,50605,50606,50608,50610,50612,50614],{},[24,50607,37504],{},[24,50609,37498],{},[24,50611,37501],{},[24,50613,37507],{},[24,50615,50616],{},"a dictionary",[14,50618,233],{},[45,50620,50622],{"className":47,"code":50621,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[52,50623,50624,50645,50669,50691],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50625,50626,50628,50630,50632,50634,50636,50638,50640,50642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50627,117],{"class":116},[55,50629,120],{"class":69},[55,50631,940],{"class":116},[55,50633,120],{"class":69},[55,50635,74],{"class":73},[55,50637,49],{"class":77},[55,50639,74],{"class":73},[55,50641,947],{"class":69},[55,50643,50644],{"class":137},"      # 6\n",[55,50646,50647,50649,50651,50653,50655,50657,50659,50661,50663,50665,50667],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50648,117],{"class":116},[55,50650,120],{"class":69},[55,50652,940],{"class":116},[55,50654,2573],{"class":69},[55,50656,152],{"class":130},[55,50658,83],{"class":69},[55,50660,976],{"class":130},[55,50662,83],{"class":69},[55,50664,2036],{"class":130},[55,50666,4327],{"class":69},[55,50668,50514],{"class":137},[55,50670,50671,50673,50675,50677,50679,50681,50683,50685,50688],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,50672,117],{"class":116},[55,50674,120],{"class":69},[55,50676,940],{"class":116},[55,50678,5103],{"class":69},[55,50680,250],{"class":130},[55,50682,83],{"class":69},[55,50684,255],{"class":130},[55,50686,50687],{"class":69},")))",[55,50689,50690],{"class":137},"      # 2\n",[55,50692,50693,50695,50697,50699,50701,50703,50705,50707,50709,50711,50714],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,50694,117],{"class":116},[55,50696,120],{"class":69},[55,50698,940],{"class":116},[55,50700,5122],{"class":69},[55,50702,74],{"class":73},[55,50704,1757],{"class":77},[55,50706,74],{"class":73},[55,50708,854],{"class":69},[55,50710,5090],{"class":130},[55,50712,50713],{"class":69},"}))",[55,50715,50716],{"class":137},"      # 1\n",[37,50718,50720],{"id":50719},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[14,50722,50723,50724,50726],{},"When you use ",[52,50725,889],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[14,50728,50729],{},"That includes:",[21,50731,50732,50734,50736],{},[24,50733,812],{},[24,50735,10049],{},[24,50737,50738],{},"punctuation",[14,50740,233],{},[45,50742,50744],{"className":47,"code":50743,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[52,50745,50746,50759],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50747,50748,50750,50752,50754,50757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50749,34287],{"class":61},[55,50751,66],{"class":65},[55,50753,86],{"class":73},[55,50755,50756],{"class":77},"Hi there!",[55,50758,1288],{"class":73},[55,50760,50761,50763,50765,50767,50769,50771,50773],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50762,117],{"class":116},[55,50764,120],{"class":69},[55,50766,940],{"class":116},[55,50768,120],{"class":69},[55,50770,34308],{"class":123},[55,50772,947],{"class":69},[55,50774,50775],{"class":137},"  # 9\n",[14,50777,50778,50779,2078],{},"Why is the result ",[52,50780,1726],{},[21,50782,50783,50789,50793,50796],{},[24,50784,50785,50788],{},[52,50786,50787],{},"H"," = 1",[24,50790,50791,50788],{},[52,50792,35751],{},[24,50794,50795],{},"space = 1",[24,50797,50798,50801],{},[52,50799,50800],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[14,50803,50804,50805],{},"Total: ",[52,50806,1726],{},[14,50808,50809,50810,854],{},"An empty string has length ",[52,50811,131],{},[45,50813,50815],{"className":47,"code":50814,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[52,50816,50817,50826],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50818,50819,50822,50824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50820,50821],{"class":61},"empty_text ",[55,50823,66],{"class":65},[55,50825,7476],{"class":73},[55,50827,50828,50830,50832,50834,50836,50839,50841],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50829,117],{"class":116},[55,50831,120],{"class":69},[55,50833,940],{"class":116},[55,50835,120],{"class":69},[55,50837,50838],{"class":123},"empty_text",[55,50840,947],{"class":69},[55,50842,50843],{"class":137},"  # 0\n",[14,50845,50846],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[45,50848,50850],{"className":47,"code":50849,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[52,50851,50852,50865,50869,50889],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50853,50854,50857,50859,50861,50863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50855,50856],{"class":61},"user_name ",[55,50858,66],{"class":65},[55,50860,86],{"class":73},[55,50862,4595],{"class":77},[55,50864,1288],{"class":73},[55,50866,50867],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50868,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,50870,50871,50873,50875,50877,50880,50882,50885,50887],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,50872,960],{"class":959},[55,50874,963],{"class":116},[55,50876,120],{"class":69},[55,50878,50879],{"class":123},"user_name",[55,50881,970],{"class":69},[55,50883,50884],{"class":65}," >=",[55,50886,2036],{"class":130},[55,50888,979],{"class":69},[55,50890,50891,50893,50895,50897,50900,50902],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,50892,985],{"class":116},[55,50894,120],{"class":69},[55,50896,74],{"class":73},[55,50898,50899],{"class":77},"Name is long enough",[55,50901,74],{"class":73},[55,50903,103],{"class":69},[37,50905,50907],{"id":50906},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[14,50909,50910,50911,50913],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[52,50912,889],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[14,50915,50916],{},"Example with a list:",[45,50918,50920],{"className":47,"code":50919,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[52,50921,50922,50954],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50923,50924,50926,50928,50930,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948,50950,50952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50925,62],{"class":61},[55,50927,66],{"class":65},[55,50929,3211],{"class":69},[55,50931,74],{"class":73},[55,50933,78],{"class":77},[55,50935,74],{"class":73},[55,50937,83],{"class":69},[55,50939,86],{"class":73},[55,50941,89],{"class":77},[55,50943,74],{"class":73},[55,50945,83],{"class":69},[55,50947,86],{"class":73},[55,50949,98],{"class":77},[55,50951,74],{"class":73},[55,50953,386],{"class":69},[55,50955,50956,50958,50960,50962,50964,50966,50968],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50957,117],{"class":116},[55,50959,120],{"class":69},[55,50961,940],{"class":116},[55,50963,120],{"class":69},[55,50965,124],{"class":123},[55,50967,947],{"class":69},[55,50969,950],{"class":137},[14,50971,37513],{},[45,50973,50975],{"className":47,"code":50974,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[52,50976,50977,50994],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,50978,50979,50982,50984,50986,50988,50990,50992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,50980,50981],{"class":61},"point ",[55,50983,66],{"class":65},[55,50985,70],{"class":69},[55,50987,250],{"class":130},[55,50989,83],{"class":69},[55,50991,255],{"class":130},[55,50993,103],{"class":69},[55,50995,50996,50998,51000,51002,51004,51007,51009],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,50997,117],{"class":116},[55,50999,120],{"class":69},[55,51001,940],{"class":116},[55,51003,120],{"class":69},[55,51005,51006],{"class":123},"point",[55,51008,947],{"class":69},[55,51010,51011],{"class":137},"  # 2\n",[14,51013,51014],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[45,51016,51018],{"className":47,"code":51017,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[52,51019,51020,51044,51048,51066],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51021,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51023,7375],{"class":61},[55,51025,66],{"class":65},[55,51027,3211],{"class":69},[55,51029,74],{"class":73},[55,51031,407],{"class":77},[55,51033,74],{"class":73},[55,51035,83],{"class":69},[55,51037,86],{"class":73},[55,51039,416],{"class":77},[55,51041,74],{"class":73},[55,51043,386],{"class":69},[55,51045,51046],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51047,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,51049,51050,51052,51054,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,51051,960],{"class":959},[55,51053,963],{"class":116},[55,51055,120],{"class":69},[55,51057,7404],{"class":123},[55,51059,970],{"class":69},[55,51061,973],{"class":65},[55,51063,5090],{"class":130},[55,51065,979],{"class":69},[55,51067,51068,51070,51072,51074,51076,51078,51080],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,51069,985],{"class":116},[55,51071,120],{"class":69},[55,51073,7404],{"class":123},[55,51075,127],{"class":69},[55,51077,152],{"class":130},[55,51079,134],{"class":69},[55,51081,468],{"class":137},[14,51083,51084],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[45,51086,51088],{"className":47,"code":51087,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[52,51089,51090,51113],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51091,51092,51094,51096,51098,51101,51103,51106,51108,51111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51093,4654],{"class":61},[55,51095,66],{"class":65},[55,51097,3211],{"class":69},[55,51099,51100],{"class":130},"88",[55,51102,83],{"class":69},[55,51104,51105],{"class":130}," 91",[55,51107,83],{"class":69},[55,51109,51110],{"class":130}," 75",[55,51112,386],{"class":69},[55,51114,51115,51117,51119,51121,51124,51126,51128,51130,51132,51134],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51116,117],{"class":116},[55,51118,120],{"class":69},[55,51120,74],{"class":73},[55,51122,51123],{"class":77},"Number of scores:",[55,51125,74],{"class":73},[55,51127,83],{"class":69},[55,51129,963],{"class":116},[55,51131,120],{"class":69},[55,51133,15986],{"class":123},[55,51135,1357],{"class":69},[14,51137,51138,51139,198],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[194,51140,51142],{"href":51141},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[37,51144,51146],{"id":51145},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[14,51148,51149,51150,51152],{},"For dictionaries, ",[52,51151,889],{}," counts keys.",[45,51154,51156],{"className":47,"code":51155,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[52,51157,51158,51166,51184,51198,51214,51218,51222],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51159,51160,51162,51164],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51161,12464],{"class":61},[55,51163,66],{"class":65},[55,51165,11091],{"class":69},[55,51167,51168,51170,51172,51174,51176,51178,51180,51182],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51169,11096],{"class":73},[55,51171,7263],{"class":77},[55,51173,74],{"class":73},[55,51175,854],{"class":69},[55,51177,86],{"class":73},[55,51179,7516],{"class":77},[55,51181,74],{"class":73},[55,51183,11112],{"class":69},[55,51185,51186,51188,51190,51192,51194,51196],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,51187,11096],{"class":73},[55,51189,8896],{"class":77},[55,51191,74],{"class":73},[55,51193,854],{"class":69},[55,51195,30541],{"class":130},[55,51197,11112],{"class":69},[55,51199,51200,51202,51204,51206,51208,51210,51212],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,51201,11096],{"class":73},[55,51203,19488],{"class":77},[55,51205,74],{"class":73},[55,51207,854],{"class":69},[55,51209,86],{"class":73},[55,51211,21842],{"class":77},[55,51213,1288],{"class":73},[55,51215,51216],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,51217,8906],{"class":69},[55,51219,51220],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,51221,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,51223,51224,51226,51228,51230,51232,51234,51236],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,51225,117],{"class":116},[55,51227,120],{"class":69},[55,51229,940],{"class":116},[55,51231,120],{"class":69},[55,51233,13222],{"class":123},[55,51235,947],{"class":69},[55,51237,950],{"class":137},[14,51239,51240,51241,51243],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[52,51242,889],{}," returns the number of keys.",[14,51245,51246,51247,51249],{},"For sets, ",[52,51248,889],{}," counts unique items:",[45,51251,51253],{"className":47,"code":51252,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[52,51254,51255,51283],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51256,51257,51259,51261,51263,51265,51267,51269,51271,51273,51275,51277,51279,51281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51258,243],{"class":61},[55,51260,66],{"class":65},[55,51262,10088],{"class":69},[55,51264,152],{"class":130},[55,51266,83],{"class":69},[55,51268,976],{"class":130},[55,51270,83],{"class":69},[55,51272,2036],{"class":130},[55,51274,83],{"class":69},[55,51276,2036],{"class":130},[55,51278,83],{"class":69},[55,51280,976],{"class":130},[55,51282,8906],{"class":69},[55,51284,51285,51287,51289,51291,51293,51295,51297],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51286,117],{"class":116},[55,51288,120],{"class":69},[55,51290,940],{"class":116},[55,51292,120],{"class":69},[55,51294,275],{"class":123},[55,51296,947],{"class":69},[55,51298,950],{"class":137},[14,51300,51301],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[14,51303,51304],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[45,51306,51308],{"className":47,"code":51307,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[52,51309,51310,51318,51322,51340],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51311,51312,51314,51316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51313,8763],{"class":61},[55,51315,66],{"class":65},[55,51317,9435],{"class":69},[55,51319,51320],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51321,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,51323,51324,51326,51328,51330,51332,51334,51336,51338],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,51325,960],{"class":959},[55,51327,963],{"class":116},[55,51329,120],{"class":69},[55,51331,8802],{"class":123},[55,51333,970],{"class":69},[55,51335,6002],{"class":65},[55,51337,3424],{"class":130},[55,51339,979],{"class":69},[55,51341,51342,51344,51346,51348,51351,51353],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,51343,985],{"class":116},[55,51345,120],{"class":69},[55,51347,74],{"class":73},[55,51349,51350],{"class":77},"The dictionary is empty",[55,51352,74],{"class":73},[55,51354,103],{"class":69},[37,51356,40642],{"id":40641},[14,51358,51359,51360,198],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[52,51361,889],{},[1425,51363,51365],{"id":51364},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[45,51367,51369],{"className":47,"code":51368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[52,51370,51371,51379,51383,51401],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51372,51373,51375,51377],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51374,7375],{"class":61},[55,51376,66],{"class":65},[55,51378,7433],{"class":69},[55,51380,51381],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51382,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,51384,51385,51387,51389,51391,51393,51395,51397,51399],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,51386,960],{"class":959},[55,51388,963],{"class":116},[55,51390,120],{"class":69},[55,51392,7404],{"class":123},[55,51394,970],{"class":69},[55,51396,6002],{"class":65},[55,51398,3424],{"class":130},[55,51400,979],{"class":69},[55,51402,51403,51405,51407,51409,51412,51414],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,51404,985],{"class":116},[55,51406,120],{"class":69},[55,51408,74],{"class":73},[55,51410,51411],{"class":77},"The list is empty",[55,51413,74],{"class":73},[55,51415,103],{"class":69},[1425,51417,51419],{"id":51418},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[45,51421,51423],{"className":47,"code":51422,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[52,51424,51425,51444],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51426,51427,51429,51431,51433,51435,51437,51440,51442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51428,5748],{"class":61},[55,51430,66],{"class":65},[55,51432,7837],{"class":116},[55,51434,120],{"class":69},[55,51436,74],{"class":73},[55,51438,51439],{"class":77},"Enter a word: ",[55,51441,74],{"class":73},[55,51443,103],{"class":69},[55,51445,51446,51448,51450,51452,51455,51457,51459,51461,51463,51465],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51447,117],{"class":116},[55,51449,120],{"class":69},[55,51451,74],{"class":73},[55,51453,51454],{"class":77},"Number of characters:",[55,51456,74],{"class":73},[55,51458,83],{"class":69},[55,51460,963],{"class":116},[55,51462,120],{"class":69},[55,51464,37987],{"class":123},[55,51466,1357],{"class":69},[1425,51468,51470],{"id":51469},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[45,51472,51474],{"className":47,"code":51473,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[52,51475,51476,51490,51494,51512,51527,51533],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51477,51478,51481,51483,51485,51488],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51479,51480],{"class":61},"password ",[55,51482,66],{"class":65},[55,51484,86],{"class":73},[55,51486,51487],{"class":77},"secret123",[55,51489,1288],{"class":73},[55,51491,51492],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51493,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,51495,51496,51498,51500,51502,51504,51506,51508,51510],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,51497,960],{"class":959},[55,51499,963],{"class":116},[55,51501,120],{"class":69},[55,51503,17218],{"class":123},[55,51505,970],{"class":69},[55,51507,50884],{"class":65},[55,51509,5954],{"class":130},[55,51511,979],{"class":69},[55,51513,51514,51516,51518,51520,51523,51525],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,51515,985],{"class":116},[55,51517,120],{"class":69},[55,51519,74],{"class":73},[55,51521,51522],{"class":77},"Password length is valid",[55,51524,74],{"class":73},[55,51526,103],{"class":69},[55,51528,51529,51531],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,51530,27030],{"class":959},[55,51532,979],{"class":69},[55,51534,51535,51537,51539,51541,51544,51546],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,51536,985],{"class":116},[55,51538,120],{"class":69},[55,51540,74],{"class":73},[55,51542,51543],{"class":77},"Password is too short",[55,51545,74],{"class":73},[55,51547,103],{"class":69},[1425,51549,51551],{"id":51550},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[45,51553,51555],{"className":47,"code":51554,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[52,51556,51557,51593],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51558,51559,51562,51564,51566,51568,51571,51573,51575,51577,51580,51582,51584,51586,51589,51591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51560,51561],{"class":61},"results ",[55,51563,66],{"class":65},[55,51565,3211],{"class":69},[55,51567,74],{"class":73},[55,51569,51570],{"class":77},"item1",[55,51572,74],{"class":73},[55,51574,83],{"class":69},[55,51576,86],{"class":73},[55,51578,51579],{"class":77},"item2",[55,51581,74],{"class":73},[55,51583,83],{"class":69},[55,51585,86],{"class":73},[55,51587,51588],{"class":77},"item3",[55,51590,74],{"class":73},[55,51592,386],{"class":69},[55,51594,51595,51597,51599,51601,51604,51606,51608,51610,51612,51615],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51596,117],{"class":116},[55,51598,120],{"class":69},[55,51600,74],{"class":73},[55,51602,51603],{"class":77},"Items found:",[55,51605,74],{"class":73},[55,51607,83],{"class":69},[55,51609,963],{"class":116},[55,51611,120],{"class":69},[55,51613,51614],{"class":123},"results",[55,51616,1357],{"class":69},[14,51618,51619],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[37,51621,51623],{"id":51622},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[14,51625,51626,51628],{},[52,51627,889],{}," does not work on every value.",[14,51630,51631,51632,854],{},"These will raise a ",[52,51633,2592],{},[21,51635,51636,51639,51642],{},[24,51637,51638],{},"plain integers",[24,51640,51641],{},"floats",[24,51643,51644],{},[52,51645,3368],{},[14,51647,233],{},[45,51649,51651],{"className":47,"code":51650,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(len(5))\n",[52,51652,51653],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51654,51655,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51656,117],{"class":116},[55,51658,120],{"class":69},[55,51660,940],{"class":116},[55,51662,120],{"class":69},[55,51664,817],{"class":130},[55,51666,1357],{"class":69},[14,51668,51669,51670,51672],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[52,51671,817],{}," does not have a length.",[14,51674,51675],{},"Another example:",[45,51677,51679],{"className":47,"code":51678,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(len(3.14))\n",[52,51680,51681],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51682,51683,51685,51687,51689,51691,51693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51684,117],{"class":116},[55,51686,120],{"class":69},[55,51688,940],{"class":116},[55,51690,120],{"class":69},[55,51692,39739],{"class":130},[55,51694,1357],{"class":69},[14,51696,51697,51698,854],{},"And with ",[52,51699,3368],{},[45,51701,51703],{"className":47,"code":51702,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[52,51704,51705,51713],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51706,51707,51709,51711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51708,2031],{"class":61},[55,51710,66],{"class":65},[55,51712,48125],{"class":3443},[55,51714,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51716,117],{"class":116},[55,51718,120],{"class":69},[55,51720,940],{"class":116},[55,51722,120],{"class":69},[55,51724,2058],{"class":123},[55,51726,1357],{"class":69},[14,51728,51729,51730,198],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[194,51731,51733],{"href":51732},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[37,51735,51737],{"id":51736},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[14,51739,51740,51741,51743],{},"Before using ",[52,51742,889],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[14,51745,51746],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[45,51748,51750],{"className":47,"code":51749,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[52,51751,51752,51760,51764,51774,51788,51806,51824],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51753,51754,51756,51758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51755,2031],{"class":61},[55,51757,66],{"class":65},[55,51759,48125],{"class":3443},[55,51761,51762],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51763,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,51765,51766,51768,51770,51772],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,51767,117],{"class":116},[55,51769,120],{"class":69},[55,51771,2058],{"class":123},[55,51773,103],{"class":69},[55,51775,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,51777,117],{"class":116},[55,51779,120],{"class":69},[55,51781,1396],{"class":850},[55,51783,120],{"class":69},[55,51785,2058],{"class":123},[55,51787,1357],{"class":69},[55,51789,51790,51792,51794,51796,51798,51800,51802,51804],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,51791,117],{"class":116},[55,51793,120],{"class":69},[55,51795,48473],{"class":116},[55,51797,120],{"class":69},[55,51799,2058],{"class":123},[55,51801,83],{"class":69},[55,51803,48502],{"class":850},[55,51805,1357],{"class":69},[55,51807,51808,51810,51812,51814,51816,51818,51820,51822],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,51809,117],{"class":116},[55,51811,120],{"class":69},[55,51813,48473],{"class":116},[55,51815,120],{"class":69},[55,51817,2058],{"class":123},[55,51819,83],{"class":69},[55,51821,22156],{"class":850},[55,51823,1357],{"class":69},[55,51825,51826,51828,51830,51832,51834,51836,51838,51840],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,51827,117],{"class":116},[55,51829,120],{"class":69},[55,51831,48473],{"class":116},[55,51833,120],{"class":69},[55,51835,2058],{"class":123},[55,51837,83],{"class":69},[55,51839,8768],{"class":850},[55,51841,1357],{"class":69},[14,51843,51844],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[14,51846,51847],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[45,51849,51851],{"className":47,"code":51850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[52,51852,51853,51865,51869,51883],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51854,51855,51857,51859,51861,51863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51856,2031],{"class":61},[55,51858,66],{"class":65},[55,51860,86],{"class":73},[55,51862,3436],{"class":77},[55,51864,1288],{"class":73},[55,51866,51867],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51868,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,51870,51871,51873,51875,51877,51879,51881],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,51872,960],{"class":959},[55,51874,21181],{"class":61},[55,51876,11793],{"class":65},[55,51878,7694],{"class":65},[55,51880,3444],{"class":3443},[55,51882,979],{"class":69},[55,51884,51885,51887,51889,51891,51893,51895],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,51886,985],{"class":116},[55,51888,120],{"class":69},[55,51890,940],{"class":116},[55,51892,120],{"class":69},[55,51894,2058],{"class":123},[55,51896,1357],{"class":69},[14,51898,51899,51900,198],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[194,51901,8037],{"href":1884},[37,51903,1298],{"id":1297},[14,51905,22691,51906,854],{},[52,51907,889],{},[21,51909,51910,51918,51926,51934,51940],{},[24,51911,8012,51912,51914,51915],{},[52,51913,889],{}," on an integer like ",[52,51916,51917],{},"len(5)",[24,51919,8012,51920,51922,51923],{},[52,51921,889],{}," on a float like ",[52,51924,51925],{},"len(3.14)",[24,51927,8012,51928,51930,51931,51933],{},[52,51929,889],{}," on ",[52,51932,3368],{}," after a function returns nothing",[24,51935,4170,51936,51939],{},[52,51937,51938],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[24,51941,51942],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[14,51944,51945],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[45,51947,51949],{"className":47,"code":51948,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[52,51950,51951,51987],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,51952,51953,51955,51957,51959,51961,51963,51965,51967,51969,51971,51973,51975,51977,51979,51981,51983,51985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,51954,12802],{"class":61},[55,51956,66],{"class":65},[55,51958,10088],{"class":69},[55,51960,74],{"class":73},[55,51962,7263],{"class":77},[55,51964,74],{"class":73},[55,51966,854],{"class":69},[55,51968,86],{"class":73},[55,51970,645],{"class":77},[55,51972,74],{"class":73},[55,51974,83],{"class":69},[55,51976,86],{"class":73},[55,51978,8896],{"class":77},[55,51980,74],{"class":73},[55,51982,854],{"class":69},[55,51984,255],{"class":130},[55,51986,8906],{"class":69},[55,51988,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999,52001],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,51990,117],{"class":116},[55,51992,120],{"class":69},[55,51994,940],{"class":116},[55,51996,120],{"class":69},[55,51998,16905],{"class":123},[55,52000,947],{"class":69},[55,52002,51011],{"class":137},[14,52004,37191,52005,52007,52008,3983,52010,198],{},[52,52006,309],{}," because there are two keys: ",[52,52009,14837],{},[52,52011,52012],{},"\"age\"",[14,52014,52015],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[45,52017,52019],{"className":47,"code":52018,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[52,52020,52021,52034],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52022,52023,52025,52027,52029,52032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52024,34287],{"class":61},[55,52026,66],{"class":65},[55,52028,86],{"class":73},[55,52030,52031],{"class":77},"a b",[55,52033,1288],{"class":73},[55,52035,52036,52038,52040,52042,52044,52046,52048],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52037,117],{"class":116},[55,52039,120],{"class":69},[55,52041,940],{"class":116},[55,52043,120],{"class":69},[55,52045,34308],{"class":123},[55,52047,947],{"class":69},[55,52049,950],{"class":137},[14,52051,52052],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[37,52054,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,52056,52058],{"id":52057},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[14,52060,52061],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[1425,52063,52065],{"id":52064},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[14,52067,52068],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[1425,52070,52072],{"id":52071},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[14,52074,52075],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[1425,52077,52079],{"id":52078},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[14,52081,52082,52083,52085,52086,2465,52088,52090,52091,198],{},"No. Using ",[52,52084,889],{}," on an ",[52,52087,1772],{},[52,52089,1776],{}," raises a ",[52,52092,2592],{},[1425,52094,52096],{"id":52095},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[14,52098,7358,52099,198],{},[52,52100,52101],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[14,52103,233],{},[45,52105,52107],{"className":47,"code":52106,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[52,52108,52109,52117,52121,52139],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52110,52111,52113,52115],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52112,7903],{"class":61},[55,52114,66],{"class":65},[55,52116,7433],{"class":69},[55,52118,52119],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52120,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,52122,52123,52125,52127,52129,52131,52133,52135,52137],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,52124,960],{"class":959},[55,52126,963],{"class":116},[55,52128,120],{"class":69},[55,52130,7934],{"class":123},[55,52132,970],{"class":69},[55,52134,6002],{"class":65},[55,52136,3424],{"class":130},[55,52138,979],{"class":69},[55,52140,52141,52143,52145,52147,52150,52152],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,52142,985],{"class":116},[55,52144,120],{"class":69},[55,52146,74],{"class":73},[55,52148,52149],{"class":77},"Empty list",[55,52151,74],{"class":73},[55,52153,103],{"class":69},[14,52155,52156,52157,52159,52160,52162,52163,52165],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[52,52158,3261],{}," in an ",[52,52161,960],{}," statement, but ",[52,52164,889],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[37,52167,1495],{"id":1494},[21,52169,52170,52174,52178,52182,52187,52191,52197],{},[24,52171,52172],{},[194,52173,50572],{"href":50571},[24,52175,52176],{},[194,52177,50576],{"href":50575},[24,52179,52180],{},[194,52181,8753],{"href":8752},[24,52183,52184],{},[194,52185,52186],{"href":51141},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[24,52188,52189],{},[194,52190,8037],{"href":1884},[24,52192,52193],{},[194,52194,52196],{"href":52195},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[24,52198,52199],{},[194,52200,52201],{"href":51732},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1524,52203,52204],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":52206},[52207,52208,52209,52210,52211,52212,52213,52219,52220,52221,52222,52229],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":50375,"depth":106,"text":50376},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":50719,"depth":106,"text":50720},{"id":50906,"depth":106,"text":50907},{"id":51145,"depth":106,"text":51146},{"id":40641,"depth":106,"text":40642,"children":52214},[52215,52216,52217,52218],{"id":51364,"depth":113,"text":51365},{"id":51418,"depth":113,"text":51419},{"id":51469,"depth":113,"text":51470},{"id":51550,"depth":113,"text":51551},{"id":51622,"depth":106,"text":51623},{"id":51736,"depth":106,"text":51737},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":52223},[52224,52225,52226,52227,52228],{"id":52057,"depth":113,"text":52058},{"id":52064,"depth":113,"text":52065},{"id":52071,"depth":113,"text":52072},{"id":52078,"depth":113,"text":52079},{"id":52095,"depth":113,"text":52096},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50259,"description":52230},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52237,"title":52238,"body":52239,"description":53924,"extension":1546,"meta":53925,"navigation":109,"path":53926,"seo":53927,"stem":53928,"__hash__":53929},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52240,"toc":53897},[52241,52244,52258,52264,52266,52320,52325,52329,52345,52348,52362,52368,52370,52373,52392,52408,52410,52486,52488,52525,52536,52538,52541,52602,52604,52637,52640,52646,52650,52653,52778,52780,52839,52847,52900,52902,52929,52935,52945,52949,52952,52957,53009,53011,53037,53043,53097,53099,53124,53127,53151,53157,53159,53163,53165,53222,53224,53232,53234,53256,53258,53311,53313,53337,53341,53343,53382,53384,53392,53398,53402,53454,53456,53482,53490,53494,53499,53508,53510,53576,53578,53610,53614,53619,53621,53635,53638,53711,53713,53739,53741,53745,53752,53756,53763,53767,53770,53772,53825,53827,53853,53857,53866,53868,53894],[10,52242,52238],{"id":52243},"python-list-append-method",[14,52245,1563,52246,52249,52250,52253,52254,52257],{},[52,52247,52248],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3332,52251,52252],{},"one item"," to the ",[3332,52255,52256],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[14,52259,52260,52261,52263],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3332,52262,4222],{}," create a new list.",[37,52265,40],{"id":39},[45,52267,52269],{"className":47,"code":52268,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,52270,52271,52291,52305,52315],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52272,52273,52275,52277,52279,52281,52283,52285,52287,52289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52274,243],{"class":61},[55,52276,66],{"class":65},[55,52278,3211],{"class":69},[55,52280,152],{"class":130},[55,52282,83],{"class":69},[55,52284,976],{"class":130},[55,52286,83],{"class":69},[55,52288,2036],{"class":130},[55,52290,386],{"class":69},[55,52292,52293,52295,52297,52299,52301,52303],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52294,275],{"class":61},[55,52296,198],{"class":69},[55,52298,13149],{"class":123},[55,52300,120],{"class":69},[55,52302,2091],{"class":130},[55,52304,103],{"class":69},[55,52306,52307,52309,52311,52313],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,52308,117],{"class":116},[55,52310,120],{"class":69},[55,52312,275],{"class":123},[55,52314,103],{"class":69},[55,52316,52317],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,52318,52319],{"class":137},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,52321,1440,52322,52324],{},[52,52323,52248],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[37,52326,52328],{"id":52327},"what-append-does","What append() does",[21,52330,52331,52336,52339,52342],{},[24,52332,52333,52335],{},[52,52334,52248],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[24,52337,52338],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[24,52340,52341],{},"It does not create a new list",[24,52343,52344],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[14,52346,52347],{},"This means you can append:",[21,52349,52350,52352,52354,52356,52358,52360],{},[24,52351,275],{},[24,52353,4901],{},[24,52355,40190],{},[24,52357,4892],{},[24,52359,6845],{},[24,52361,34261],{},[14,52363,52364,52365,198],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[194,52366,52367],{"href":50575},"Python lists explained for beginners",[37,52369,5023],{"id":5022},[14,52371,52372],{},"Basic form:",[45,52374,52376],{"className":47,"code":52375,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.append(item)\n",[52,52377,52378],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52379,52380,52382,52384,52386,52388,52390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52381,7934],{"class":61},[55,52383,198],{"class":69},[55,52385,13149],{"class":123},[55,52387,120],{"class":69},[55,52389,22907],{"class":123},[55,52391,103],{"class":69},[21,52393,52394,52399,52404],{},[24,52395,52396,52398],{},[52,52397,7934],{}," is the list you want to change",[24,52400,52401,52403],{},[52,52402,22907],{}," is the value or object to add",[24,52405,11510,52406],{},[52,52407,3368],{},[14,52409,233],{},[45,52411,52413],{"className":47,"code":52412,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[52,52414,52415,52439,52462,52466,52476],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52416,52417,52419,52421,52423,52425,52427,52429,52431,52433,52435,52437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52418,398],{"class":61},[55,52420,66],{"class":65},[55,52422,3211],{"class":69},[55,52424,74],{"class":73},[55,52426,407],{"class":77},[55,52428,74],{"class":73},[55,52430,83],{"class":69},[55,52432,86],{"class":73},[55,52434,416],{"class":77},[55,52436,74],{"class":73},[55,52438,386],{"class":69},[55,52440,52441,52443,52445,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52442,1814],{"class":61},[55,52444,66],{"class":65},[55,52446,52447],{"class":61}," fruits",[55,52449,198],{"class":69},[55,52451,13149],{"class":123},[55,52453,120],{"class":69},[55,52455,74],{"class":73},[55,52457,32820],{"class":77},[55,52459,74],{"class":73},[55,52461,103],{"class":69},[55,52463,52464],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,52465,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,52467,52468,52470,52472,52474],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,52469,117],{"class":116},[55,52471,120],{"class":69},[55,52473,442],{"class":123},[55,52475,103],{"class":69},[55,52477,52478,52480,52482,52484],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,52479,117],{"class":116},[55,52481,120],{"class":69},[55,52483,1849],{"class":123},[55,52485,103],{"class":69},[14,52487,314],{},[45,52489,52491],{"className":47,"code":52490,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[52,52492,52493,52521],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52494,52495,52497,52499,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52496,127],{"class":69},[55,52498,2889],{"class":73},[55,52500,407],{"class":77},[55,52502,2889],{"class":73},[55,52504,83],{"class":69},[55,52506,2884],{"class":73},[55,52508,416],{"class":77},[55,52510,2889],{"class":73},[55,52512,83],{"class":69},[55,52514,2884],{"class":73},[55,52516,32820],{"class":77},[55,52518,2889],{"class":73},[55,52520,386],{"class":69},[55,52522,52523],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52524,11407],{"class":3443},[14,52526,52527,52528,52530,52531,52533,52534,198],{},"The important detail is that ",[52,52529,52248],{}," updates ",[52,52532,442],{},", but the method itself returns ",[52,52535,3368],{},[37,52537,11073],{"id":11072},[14,52539,52540],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[45,52542,52544],{"className":47,"code":52543,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[52,52545,52546,52570,52588,52592],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52547,52548,52550,52552,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52549,62],{"class":61},[55,52551,66],{"class":65},[55,52553,3211],{"class":69},[55,52555,74],{"class":73},[55,52557,78],{"class":77},[55,52559,74],{"class":73},[55,52561,83],{"class":69},[55,52563,86],{"class":73},[55,52565,98],{"class":77},[55,52567,74],{"class":73},[55,52569,386],{"class":69},[55,52571,52572,52574,52576,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52573,124],{"class":61},[55,52575,198],{"class":69},[55,52577,13149],{"class":123},[55,52579,120],{"class":69},[55,52581,74],{"class":73},[55,52583,89],{"class":77},[55,52585,74],{"class":73},[55,52587,103],{"class":69},[55,52589,52590],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,52591,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,52593,52594,52596,52598,52600],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,52595,117],{"class":116},[55,52597,120],{"class":69},[55,52599,124],{"class":123},[55,52601,103],{"class":69},[14,52603,314],{},[45,52605,52607],{"className":47,"code":52606,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[52,52608,52609],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52610,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52612,127],{"class":69},[55,52614,2889],{"class":73},[55,52616,78],{"class":77},[55,52618,2889],{"class":73},[55,52620,83],{"class":69},[55,52622,2884],{"class":73},[55,52624,98],{"class":77},[55,52626,2889],{"class":73},[55,52628,83],{"class":69},[55,52630,2884],{"class":73},[55,52632,89],{"class":77},[55,52634,2889],{"class":73},[55,52636,386],{"class":69},[14,52638,52639],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[14,52641,30681,52642,198],{},[194,52643,52645],{"href":52644},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[37,52647,52649],{"id":52648},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[14,52651,52652],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[45,52654,52656],{"className":47,"code":52655,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,52657,52658,52666,52670,52684,52702,52716,52742,52764,52768],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52659,52660,52662,52664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52661,7375],{"class":61},[55,52663,66],{"class":65},[55,52665,7433],{"class":69},[55,52667,52668],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52669,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,52671,52672,52674,52676,52678,52680,52682],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,52673,7404],{"class":61},[55,52675,198],{"class":69},[55,52677,13149],{"class":123},[55,52679,120],{"class":69},[55,52681,250],{"class":130},[55,52683,103],{"class":69},[55,52685,52686,52688,52690,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,52687,7404],{"class":61},[55,52689,198],{"class":69},[55,52691,13149],{"class":123},[55,52693,120],{"class":69},[55,52695,74],{"class":73},[55,52697,3436],{"class":77},[55,52699,74],{"class":73},[55,52701,103],{"class":69},[55,52703,52704,52706,52708,52710,52712,52714],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,52705,7404],{"class":61},[55,52707,198],{"class":69},[55,52709,13149],{"class":123},[55,52711,120],{"class":69},[55,52713,3194],{"class":3443},[55,52715,103],{"class":69},[55,52717,52718,52720,52722,52724,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,52719,7404],{"class":61},[55,52721,198],{"class":69},[55,52723,13149],{"class":123},[55,52725,5122],{"class":69},[55,52727,74],{"class":73},[55,52729,7263],{"class":77},[55,52731,74],{"class":73},[55,52733,854],{"class":69},[55,52735,86],{"class":73},[55,52737,7272],{"class":77},[55,52739,74],{"class":73},[55,52741,30094],{"class":69},[55,52743,52744,52746,52748,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758,52760,52762],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,52745,7404],{"class":61},[55,52747,198],{"class":69},[55,52749,13149],{"class":123},[55,52751,2573],{"class":69},[55,52753,152],{"class":130},[55,52755,83],{"class":69},[55,52757,976],{"class":130},[55,52759,83],{"class":69},[55,52761,2036],{"class":130},[55,52763,282],{"class":69},[55,52765,52766],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,52767,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,52769,52770,52772,52774,52776],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,52771,117],{"class":116},[55,52773,120],{"class":69},[55,52775,7404],{"class":123},[55,52777,103],{"class":69},[14,52779,314],{},[45,52781,52783],{"className":47,"code":52782,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[52,52784,52785],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52786,52787,52789,52791,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821,52824,52826,52828,52830,52832,52834,52836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52788,127],{"class":69},[55,52790,250],{"class":130},[55,52792,83],{"class":69},[55,52794,2884],{"class":73},[55,52796,3436],{"class":77},[55,52798,2889],{"class":73},[55,52800,83],{"class":69},[55,52802,3506],{"class":3443},[55,52804,83],{"class":69},[55,52806,10088],{"class":69},[55,52808,2889],{"class":73},[55,52810,7263],{"class":77},[55,52812,2889],{"class":73},[55,52814,854],{"class":69},[55,52816,2884],{"class":73},[55,52818,7272],{"class":77},[55,52820,2889],{"class":73},[55,52822,52823],{"class":69},"},",[55,52825,3211],{"class":69},[55,52827,152],{"class":130},[55,52829,83],{"class":69},[55,52831,976],{"class":130},[55,52833,83],{"class":69},[55,52835,2036],{"class":130},[55,52837,52838],{"class":69},"]]\n",[14,52840,52841,52842,41752,52844,198],{},"A list added with ",[52,52843,52248],{},[3332,52845,52846],{},"one single item",[45,52848,52850],{"className":47,"code":52849,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,52851,52852,52868,52886,52890],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52853,52854,52856,52858,52860,52862,52864,52866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52855,243],{"class":61},[55,52857,66],{"class":65},[55,52859,3211],{"class":69},[55,52861,152],{"class":130},[55,52863,83],{"class":69},[55,52865,976],{"class":130},[55,52867,386],{"class":69},[55,52869,52870,52872,52874,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52871,275],{"class":61},[55,52873,198],{"class":69},[55,52875,13149],{"class":123},[55,52877,2573],{"class":69},[55,52879,609],{"class":130},[55,52881,83],{"class":69},[55,52883,2042],{"class":130},[55,52885,282],{"class":69},[55,52887,52888],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,52889,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,52891,52892,52894,52896,52898],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,52893,117],{"class":116},[55,52895,120],{"class":69},[55,52897,275],{"class":123},[55,52899,103],{"class":69},[14,52901,314],{},[45,52903,52905],{"className":47,"code":52904,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[52,52906,52907],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52908,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52910,127],{"class":69},[55,52912,152],{"class":130},[55,52914,83],{"class":69},[55,52916,976],{"class":130},[55,52918,83],{"class":69},[55,52920,3211],{"class":69},[55,52922,609],{"class":130},[55,52924,83],{"class":69},[55,52926,2042],{"class":130},[55,52928,52838],{"class":69},[14,52930,1871,52931,52934],{},[52,52932,52933],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[14,52936,52937,52938,52944],{},"This is different from ",[194,52939,52941],{"href":52940},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[52,52942,52943],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[37,52946,52948],{"id":52947},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[14,52950,52951],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[1425,52953,8012,52955],{"id":52954},"using-append",[52,52956,52248],{},[45,52958,52959],{"className":47,"code":52849,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,52960,52961,52977,52995,52999],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,52962,52963,52965,52967,52969,52971,52973,52975],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,52964,243],{"class":61},[55,52966,66],{"class":65},[55,52968,3211],{"class":69},[55,52970,152],{"class":130},[55,52972,83],{"class":69},[55,52974,976],{"class":130},[55,52976,386],{"class":69},[55,52978,52979,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,52980,275],{"class":61},[55,52982,198],{"class":69},[55,52984,13149],{"class":123},[55,52986,2573],{"class":69},[55,52988,609],{"class":130},[55,52990,83],{"class":69},[55,52992,2042],{"class":130},[55,52994,282],{"class":69},[55,52996,52997],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,52998,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53000,53001,53003,53005,53007],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53002,117],{"class":116},[55,53004,120],{"class":69},[55,53006,275],{"class":123},[55,53008,103],{"class":69},[14,53010,314],{},[45,53012,53013],{"className":47,"code":52904,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53014,53015],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53016,53017,53019,53021,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53018,127],{"class":69},[55,53020,152],{"class":130},[55,53022,83],{"class":69},[55,53024,976],{"class":130},[55,53026,83],{"class":69},[55,53028,3211],{"class":69},[55,53030,609],{"class":130},[55,53032,83],{"class":69},[55,53034,2042],{"class":130},[55,53036,52838],{"class":69},[1425,53038,8012,53040],{"id":53039},"using-extend",[52,53041,53042],{},"extend()",[45,53044,53046],{"className":47,"code":53045,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,53047,53048,53064,53083,53087],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53049,53050,53052,53054,53056,53058,53060,53062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53051,243],{"class":61},[55,53053,66],{"class":65},[55,53055,3211],{"class":69},[55,53057,152],{"class":130},[55,53059,83],{"class":69},[55,53061,976],{"class":130},[55,53063,386],{"class":69},[55,53065,53066,53068,53070,53073,53075,53077,53079,53081],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53067,275],{"class":61},[55,53069,198],{"class":69},[55,53071,53072],{"class":123},"extend",[55,53074,2573],{"class":69},[55,53076,609],{"class":130},[55,53078,83],{"class":69},[55,53080,2042],{"class":130},[55,53082,282],{"class":69},[55,53084,53085],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53086,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53088,53089,53091,53093,53095],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53090,117],{"class":116},[55,53092,120],{"class":69},[55,53094,275],{"class":123},[55,53096,103],{"class":69},[14,53098,314],{},[45,53100,53102],{"className":47,"code":53101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,53103,53104],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53105,53106,53108,53110,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53107,127],{"class":69},[55,53109,152],{"class":130},[55,53111,83],{"class":69},[55,53113,976],{"class":130},[55,53115,83],{"class":69},[55,53117,2036],{"class":130},[55,53119,83],{"class":69},[55,53121,2042],{"class":130},[55,53123,386],{"class":69},[14,53125,53126],{},"The difference:",[21,53128,53129,53135,53141,53146],{},[24,53130,53131,53134],{},[52,53132,53133],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[24,53136,53137,53140],{},[52,53138,53139],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[24,53142,1440,53143,53145],{},[52,53144,52248],{}," for one item",[24,53147,1440,53148,53150],{},[52,53149,53042],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[14,53152,53153,53154,198],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[194,53155,53156],{"href":52940},"Python list extend() method",[37,53158,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,53160,53162],{"id":53161},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[14,53164,25287],{},[45,53166,53168],{"className":47,"code":53167,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,53169,53170,53190,53208,53212],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53171,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53173,7375],{"class":61},[55,53175,66],{"class":65},[55,53177,3211],{"class":69},[55,53179,152],{"class":130},[55,53181,83],{"class":69},[55,53183,976],{"class":130},[55,53185,83],{"class":69},[55,53187,2036],{"class":130},[55,53189,386],{"class":69},[55,53191,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53193,7375],{"class":61},[55,53195,66],{"class":65},[55,53197,5559],{"class":61},[55,53199,198],{"class":69},[55,53201,13149],{"class":123},[55,53203,120],{"class":69},[55,53205,2091],{"class":130},[55,53207,103],{"class":69},[55,53209,53210],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53211,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53213,53214,53216,53218,53220],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53215,117],{"class":116},[55,53217,120],{"class":69},[55,53219,7404],{"class":123},[55,53221,103],{"class":69},[14,53223,314],{},[45,53225,53226],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53227,53228],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53229,53230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53231,11407],{"class":3443},[14,53233,11499],{},[21,53235,53236,53241,53247],{},[24,53237,53238,53240],{},[52,53239,52248],{}," changes the list in place",[24,53242,53243,1981,53245],{},[52,53244,52248],{},[52,53246,3368],{},[24,53248,53249,53250,53253,53254],{},"So ",[52,53251,53252],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[52,53255,3368],{},[14,53257,10406],{},[45,53259,53261],{"className":47,"code":53260,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,53262,53263,53283,53297,53301],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53264,53265,53267,53269,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53266,7375],{"class":61},[55,53268,66],{"class":65},[55,53270,3211],{"class":69},[55,53272,152],{"class":130},[55,53274,83],{"class":69},[55,53276,976],{"class":130},[55,53278,83],{"class":69},[55,53280,2036],{"class":130},[55,53282,386],{"class":69},[55,53284,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53286,7404],{"class":61},[55,53288,198],{"class":69},[55,53290,13149],{"class":123},[55,53292,120],{"class":69},[55,53294,2091],{"class":130},[55,53296,103],{"class":69},[55,53298,53299],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53300,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53302,53303,53305,53307,53309],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53304,117],{"class":116},[55,53306,120],{"class":69},[55,53308,7404],{"class":123},[55,53310,103],{"class":69},[14,53312,314],{},[45,53314,53315],{"className":47,"code":53101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53316,53317],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53318,53319,53321,53323,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53320,127],{"class":69},[55,53322,152],{"class":130},[55,53324,83],{"class":69},[55,53326,976],{"class":130},[55,53328,83],{"class":69},[55,53330,2036],{"class":130},[55,53332,83],{"class":69},[55,53334,2042],{"class":130},[55,53336,386],{"class":69},[1425,53338,53340],{"id":53339},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[14,53342,18511],{},[45,53344,53346],{"className":47,"code":53345,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[52,53347,53348,53372],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53349,53350,53352,53354,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53351,31481],{"class":61},[55,53353,66],{"class":65},[55,53355,3211],{"class":69},[55,53357,152],{"class":130},[55,53359,83],{"class":69},[55,53361,976],{"class":130},[55,53363,13146],{"class":69},[55,53365,13149],{"class":123},[55,53367,120],{"class":69},[55,53369,609],{"class":130},[55,53371,103],{"class":69},[55,53373,53374,53376,53378,53380],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53375,117],{"class":116},[55,53377,120],{"class":69},[55,53379,31500],{"class":123},[55,53381,103],{"class":69},[14,53383,314],{},[45,53385,53386],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53387,53388],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53389,53390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53391,11407],{"class":3443},[14,53393,53394,53395,53397],{},"Remember: ",[52,53396,52248],{}," updates the list you already have.",[1425,53399,53401],{"id":53400},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[45,53403,53404],{"className":47,"code":52849,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53405,53406,53422,53440,53444],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53407,53408,53410,53412,53414,53416,53418,53420],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53409,243],{"class":61},[55,53411,66],{"class":65},[55,53413,3211],{"class":69},[55,53415,152],{"class":130},[55,53417,83],{"class":69},[55,53419,976],{"class":130},[55,53421,386],{"class":69},[55,53423,53424,53426,53428,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53425,275],{"class":61},[55,53427,198],{"class":69},[55,53429,13149],{"class":123},[55,53431,2573],{"class":69},[55,53433,609],{"class":130},[55,53435,83],{"class":69},[55,53437,2042],{"class":130},[55,53439,282],{"class":69},[55,53441,53442],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53443,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53445,53446,53448,53450,53452],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53447,117],{"class":116},[55,53449,120],{"class":69},[55,53451,275],{"class":123},[55,53453,103],{"class":69},[14,53455,314],{},[45,53457,53458],{"className":47,"code":52904,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53459,53460],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53461,53462,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478,53480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53463,127],{"class":69},[55,53465,152],{"class":130},[55,53467,83],{"class":69},[55,53469,976],{"class":130},[55,53471,83],{"class":69},[55,53473,3211],{"class":69},[55,53475,609],{"class":130},[55,53477,83],{"class":69},[55,53479,2042],{"class":130},[55,53481,52838],{"class":69},[14,53483,2757,53484,53487,53488,6226],{},[52,53485,53486],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[52,53489,53042],{},[1425,53491,53493],{"id":53492},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[14,53495,53496,53498],{},[52,53497,52248],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[14,53500,53501,53502,198],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[194,53503,53505],{"href":53504},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[52,53506,53507],{},"list.insert()",[14,53509,233],{},[45,53511,53513],{"className":47,"code":53512,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[52,53514,53515,53539,53562,53566],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53516,53517,53519,53521,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53518,769],{"class":61},[55,53520,66],{"class":65},[55,53522,3211],{"class":69},[55,53524,74],{"class":73},[55,53526,194],{"class":77},[55,53528,74],{"class":73},[55,53530,83],{"class":69},[55,53532,86],{"class":73},[55,53534,795],{"class":77},[55,53536,74],{"class":73},[55,53538,386],{"class":69},[55,53540,53541,53543,53545,53548,53550,53552,53554,53556,53558,53560],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53542,812],{"class":61},[55,53544,198],{"class":69},[55,53546,53547],{"class":123},"insert",[55,53549,120],{"class":69},[55,53551,152],{"class":130},[55,53553,83],{"class":69},[55,53555,86],{"class":73},[55,53557,786],{"class":77},[55,53559,74],{"class":73},[55,53561,103],{"class":69},[55,53563,53564],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53565,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53567,53568,53570,53572,53574],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53569,117],{"class":116},[55,53571,120],{"class":69},[55,53573,812],{"class":123},[55,53575,103],{"class":69},[14,53577,314],{},[45,53579,53580],{"className":47,"code":42472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53581,53582],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53583,53584,53586,53588,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53585,127],{"class":69},[55,53587,2889],{"class":73},[55,53589,194],{"class":77},[55,53591,2889],{"class":73},[55,53593,83],{"class":69},[55,53595,2884],{"class":73},[55,53597,786],{"class":77},[55,53599,2889],{"class":73},[55,53601,83],{"class":69},[55,53603,2884],{"class":73},[55,53605,795],{"class":77},[55,53607,2889],{"class":73},[55,53609,386],{"class":69},[37,53611,53613],{"id":53612},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[14,53615,53616,53618],{},[52,53617,52248],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[14,53620,36021],{},[21,53622,53623,53626,53629,53632],{},[24,53624,53625],{},"building a list in a loop",[24,53627,53628],{},"collecting user input",[24,53630,53631],{},"storing results step by step",[24,53633,53634],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[14,53636,53637],{},"Example with a loop:",[45,53639,53641],{"className":47,"code":53640,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[52,53642,53643,53652,53656,53677,53696,53700],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53644,53645,53648,53650],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53646,53647],{"class":61},"squares ",[55,53649,66],{"class":65},[55,53651,7433],{"class":69},[55,53653,53654],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53655,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53657,53658,53660,53662,53664,53667,53669,53671,53673,53675],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53659,5551],{"class":959},[55,53661,5981],{"class":61},[55,53663,3474],{"class":959},[55,53665,53666],{"class":116}," range",[55,53668,120],{"class":69},[55,53670,152],{"class":130},[55,53672,83],{"class":69},[55,53674,4196],{"class":130},[55,53676,839],{"class":69},[55,53678,53679,53682,53684,53686,53688,53690,53692,53694],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53680,53681],{"class":61},"    squares",[55,53683,198],{"class":69},[55,53685,13149],{"class":123},[55,53687,120],{"class":69},[55,53689,1801],{"class":123},[55,53691,39468],{"class":65},[55,53693,1781],{"class":123},[55,53695,103],{"class":69},[55,53697,53698],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,53699,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53701,53702,53704,53706,53709],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,53703,117],{"class":116},[55,53705,120],{"class":69},[55,53707,53708],{"class":123},"squares",[55,53710,103],{"class":69},[14,53712,314],{},[45,53714,53716],{"className":47,"code":53715,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[52,53717,53718],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53719,53720,53722,53724,53726,53728,53730,53733,53735,53737],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53721,127],{"class":69},[55,53723,152],{"class":130},[55,53725,83],{"class":69},[55,53727,2042],{"class":130},[55,53729,83],{"class":69},[55,53731,53732],{"class":130}," 9",[55,53734,83],{"class":69},[55,53736,13584],{"class":130},[55,53738,386],{"class":69},[37,53740,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,53742,53744],{"id":53743},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[14,53746,45963,53747,53749,53750,198],{},[52,53748,52248],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[52,53751,3368],{},[1425,53753,53755],{"id":53754},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[14,53757,53758,53759,198],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[194,53760,53761],{"href":52940},[52,53762,53042],{},[1425,53764,53766],{"id":53765},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[14,53768,53769],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[14,53771,233],{},[45,53773,53775],{"className":47,"code":53774,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[52,53776,53777,53793,53811,53815],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53778,53779,53781,53783,53785,53787,53789,53791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53780,8763],{"class":61},[55,53782,66],{"class":65},[55,53784,3211],{"class":69},[55,53786,152],{"class":130},[55,53788,83],{"class":69},[55,53790,976],{"class":130},[55,53792,386],{"class":69},[55,53794,53795,53797,53799,53801,53803,53805,53807,53809],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53796,8802],{"class":61},[55,53798,198],{"class":69},[55,53800,13149],{"class":123},[55,53802,2573],{"class":69},[55,53804,609],{"class":130},[55,53806,83],{"class":69},[55,53808,2042],{"class":130},[55,53810,282],{"class":69},[55,53812,53813],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53814,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,53816,53817,53819,53821,53823],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,53818,117],{"class":116},[55,53820,120],{"class":69},[55,53822,8802],{"class":123},[55,53824,103],{"class":69},[14,53826,314],{},[45,53828,53829],{"className":47,"code":52904,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,53830,53831],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53832,53833,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53834,127],{"class":69},[55,53836,152],{"class":130},[55,53838,83],{"class":69},[55,53840,976],{"class":130},[55,53842,83],{"class":69},[55,53844,3211],{"class":69},[55,53846,609],{"class":130},[55,53848,83],{"class":69},[55,53850,2042],{"class":130},[55,53852,52838],{"class":69},[1425,53854,53856],{"id":53855},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[14,53858,53859,53861,53862,53865],{},[52,53860,52248],{}," adds at the end. ",[52,53863,53864],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[37,53867,1495],{"id":1494},[21,53869,53870,53875,53879,53884,53888],{},[24,53871,53872],{},[194,53873,53874],{"href":52644},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[24,53876,53877],{},[194,53878,53156],{"href":52940},[24,53880,53881],{},[194,53882,53883],{"href":53504},"Python list insert() method",[24,53885,53886],{},[194,53887,52367],{"href":50575},[24,53889,53890],{},[194,53891,53893],{"href":53892},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1524,53895,53896],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":53898},[53899,53900,53901,53902,53903,53904,53910,53916,53917,53923],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":52327,"depth":106,"text":52328},{"id":5022,"depth":106,"text":5023},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":52648,"depth":106,"text":52649},{"id":52947,"depth":106,"text":52948,"children":53905},[53906,53908],{"id":52954,"depth":113,"text":53907},"Using append()",{"id":53039,"depth":113,"text":53909},"Using extend()",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":53911},[53912,53913,53914,53915],{"id":53161,"depth":113,"text":53162},{"id":53339,"depth":113,"text":53340},{"id":53400,"depth":113,"text":53401},{"id":53492,"depth":113,"text":53493},{"id":53612,"depth":106,"text":53613},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":53918},[53919,53920,53921,53922],{"id":53743,"depth":113,"text":53744},{"id":53754,"depth":113,"text":53755},{"id":53765,"depth":113,"text":53766},{"id":53855,"depth":113,"text":53856},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52238,"description":53924},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53931,"title":53932,"body":53933,"description":55177,"extension":1546,"meta":55178,"navigation":109,"path":55179,"seo":55180,"stem":55181,"__hash__":55182},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53934,"toc":55142},[53935,53941,53947,53953,53955,54003,54008,54013,54017,54033,54039,54041,54044,54059,54061,54072,54074,54076,54133,54135,54143,54145,54161,54167,54169,54175,54179,54263,54266,54315,54322,54330,54333,54347,54360,54366,54441,54448,54455,54529,54537,54540,54551,54560,54564,54568,54579,54581,54658,54679,54681,54691,54694,54742,54744,54765,54768,54770,54821,54827,54834,54901,54907,54913,54916,54943,54948,54954,54957,55029,55032,55043,55049,55051,55057,55060,55066,55072,55079,55087,55093,55099,55101,55139],[10,53936,53938,53939,10920],{"id":53937},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[52,53940,10919],{},[14,53942,53943,53946],{},[52,53944,53945],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[14,53948,53949,53950,53952],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3332,53951,10932],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[37,53954,40],{"id":39},[45,53956,53958],{"className":47,"code":53957,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[52,53959,53960,53980,53990],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,53961,53962,53964,53966,53968,53970,53972,53974,53976,53978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,53963,7375],{"class":61},[55,53965,66],{"class":65},[55,53967,3211],{"class":69},[55,53969,152],{"class":130},[55,53971,83],{"class":69},[55,53973,976],{"class":130},[55,53975,83],{"class":69},[55,53977,2036],{"class":130},[55,53979,386],{"class":69},[55,53981,53982,53984,53986,53988],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,53983,7404],{"class":61},[55,53985,198],{"class":69},[55,53987,10981],{"class":123},[55,53989,8239],{"class":69},[55,53991,53992,53994,53996,53998,54000],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,53993,117],{"class":116},[55,53995,120],{"class":69},[55,53997,7404],{"class":123},[55,53999,970],{"class":69},[55,54001,54002],{"class":137},"  # []\n",[14,54004,1440,54005,54007],{},[52,54006,10919],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[37,54009,3265,54011,3268],{"id":54010},"what-listclear-does",[52,54012,53945],{},[14,54014,54015,854],{},[52,54016,53945],{},[21,54018,54019,54022,54025,54030],{},[24,54020,54021],{},"Removes every item from a list",[24,54023,54024],{},"Changes the original list in place",[24,54026,54027,54028],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[52,54029,3377],{},[24,54031,54032],{},"Takes no arguments",[14,54034,54035,54036,54038],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[52,54037,10919],{},", but it contains no values.",[37,54040,1740],{"id":1739},[14,54042,54043],{},"Syntax:",[45,54045,54047],{"className":47,"code":54046,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.clear()\n",[52,54048,54049],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54050,54051,54053,54055,54057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54052,7934],{"class":61},[55,54054,198],{"class":69},[55,54056,10981],{"class":123},[55,54058,8239],{"class":69},[14,54060,211],{},[21,54062,54063,54066,54069],{},[24,54064,54065],{},"Call it on a list object",[24,54067,54068],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[24,54070,54071],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[37,54073,11073],{"id":11072},[14,54075,11076],{},[45,54077,54079],{"className":47,"code":54078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,54080,54081,54105,54109,54119,54123],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54082,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093,54095,54097,54099,54101,54103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54084,243],{"class":61},[55,54086,66],{"class":65},[55,54088,3211],{"class":69},[55,54090,250],{"class":130},[55,54092,83],{"class":69},[55,54094,255],{"class":130},[55,54096,83],{"class":69},[55,54098,260],{"class":130},[55,54100,83],{"class":69},[55,54102,1051],{"class":130},[55,54104,386],{"class":69},[55,54106,54107],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54108,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54110,54111,54113,54115,54117],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54112,275],{"class":61},[55,54114,198],{"class":69},[55,54116,10981],{"class":123},[55,54118,8239],{"class":69},[55,54120,54121],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54122,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54124,54125,54127,54129,54131],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,54126,117],{"class":116},[55,54128,120],{"class":69},[55,54130,275],{"class":123},[55,54132,103],{"class":69},[14,54134,314],{},[45,54136,54137],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,54138,54139],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54140,54141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54142,37894],{"class":69},[14,54144,11282],{},[21,54146,54147,54152,54158],{},[24,54148,54149,54151],{},[52,54150,275],{}," starts with four items",[24,54153,54154,54157],{},[52,54155,54156],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[24,54159,54160],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[14,54162,54163,54164,198],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[194,54165,52367],{"href":54166},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[37,54168,17017],{"id":17016},[14,54170,54171,1981,54173,198],{},[52,54172,10919],{},[52,54174,3368],{},[14,54176,40502,54177,52263],{},[3332,54178,4222],{},[45,54180,54182],{"className":47,"code":54181,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[52,54183,54184,54216,54220,54234,54238,54251],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54185,54186,54188,54190,54192,54194,54196,54198,54200,54202,54204,54206,54208,54210,54212,54214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54187,7375],{"class":61},[55,54189,66],{"class":65},[55,54191,3211],{"class":69},[55,54193,74],{"class":73},[55,54195,194],{"class":77},[55,54197,74],{"class":73},[55,54199,83],{"class":69},[55,54201,86],{"class":73},[55,54203,786],{"class":77},[55,54205,74],{"class":73},[55,54207,83],{"class":69},[55,54209,86],{"class":73},[55,54211,795],{"class":77},[55,54213,74],{"class":73},[55,54215,386],{"class":69},[55,54217,54218],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54219,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54221,54222,54224,54226,54228,54230,54232],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54223,1814],{"class":61},[55,54225,66],{"class":65},[55,54227,5559],{"class":61},[55,54229,198],{"class":69},[55,54231,10981],{"class":123},[55,54233,8239],{"class":69},[55,54235,54236],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54237,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54239,54240,54242,54244,54246,54248],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,54241,117],{"class":116},[55,54243,120],{"class":69},[55,54245,7404],{"class":123},[55,54247,970],{"class":69},[55,54249,54250],{"class":137},"   # []\n",[55,54252,54253,54255,54257,54259,54261],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,54254,117],{"class":116},[55,54256,120],{"class":69},[55,54258,1849],{"class":123},[55,54260,970],{"class":69},[55,54262,20472],{"class":137},[14,54264,54265],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[45,54267,54269],{"className":47,"code":54268,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[52,54270,54271,54291,54305],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54272,54273,54275,54277,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54274,7375],{"class":61},[55,54276,66],{"class":65},[55,54278,3211],{"class":69},[55,54280,152],{"class":130},[55,54282,83],{"class":69},[55,54284,976],{"class":130},[55,54286,83],{"class":69},[55,54288,2036],{"class":130},[55,54290,386],{"class":69},[55,54292,54293,54295,54297,54299,54301,54303],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54294,7375],{"class":61},[55,54296,66],{"class":65},[55,54298,5559],{"class":61},[55,54300,198],{"class":69},[55,54302,10981],{"class":123},[55,54304,8239],{"class":69},[55,54306,54307,54309,54311,54313],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54308,117],{"class":116},[55,54310,120],{"class":69},[55,54312,7404],{"class":123},[55,54314,103],{"class":69},[14,54316,11515,54317,41752,54319,54321],{},[52,54318,7404],{},[52,54320,3368],{},", not an empty list.",[37,54323,54325,54327,54328],{"id":54324},"clear-vs-assigning",[52,54326,10919],{}," vs assigning ",[52,54329,3377],{},[14,54331,54332],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[45,54334,54335],{"className":47,"code":54046,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,54336,54337],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54338,54339,54341,54343,54345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54340,7934],{"class":61},[55,54342,198],{"class":69},[55,54344,10981],{"class":123},[55,54346,8239],{"class":69},[45,54348,54350],{"className":47,"code":54349,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = []\n",[52,54351,54352],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54353,54354,54356,54358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54355,7903],{"class":61},[55,54357,66],{"class":65},[55,54359,7433],{"class":69},[1425,54361,54363,54365],{"id":54362},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[52,54364,10919],{}," empties the same list object",[45,54367,54369],{"className":47,"code":54368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[52,54370,54371,54391,54399,54403,54413,54417,54429],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54372,54373,54375,54377,54379,54381,54383,54385,54387,54389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54374,2141],{"class":61},[55,54376,66],{"class":65},[55,54378,3211],{"class":69},[55,54380,152],{"class":130},[55,54382,83],{"class":69},[55,54384,976],{"class":130},[55,54386,83],{"class":69},[55,54388,2036],{"class":130},[55,54390,386],{"class":69},[55,54392,54393,54395,54397],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54394,2169],{"class":61},[55,54396,66],{"class":65},[55,54398,35772],{"class":61},[55,54400,54401],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54402,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54404,54405,54407,54409,54411],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54406,194],{"class":61},[55,54408,198],{"class":69},[55,54410,10981],{"class":123},[55,54412,8239],{"class":69},[55,54414,54415],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,54416,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54418,54419,54421,54423,54425,54427],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,54420,117],{"class":116},[55,54422,120],{"class":69},[55,54424,194],{"class":123},[55,54426,970],{"class":69},[55,54428,54002],{"class":137},[55,54430,54431,54433,54435,54437,54439],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,54432,117],{"class":116},[55,54434,120],{"class":69},[55,54436,786],{"class":123},[55,54438,970],{"class":69},[55,54440,54002],{"class":137},[14,54442,10188,54443,3983,54445,54447],{},[52,54444,194],{},[52,54446,786],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[1425,54449,54451,54454],{"id":54450},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[52,54452,54453],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[45,54456,54458],{"className":47,"code":54457,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,54459,54460,54480,54488,54492,54500,54504,54516],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54461,54462,54464,54466,54468,54470,54472,54474,54476,54478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54463,2141],{"class":61},[55,54465,66],{"class":65},[55,54467,3211],{"class":69},[55,54469,152],{"class":130},[55,54471,83],{"class":69},[55,54473,976],{"class":130},[55,54475,83],{"class":69},[55,54477,2036],{"class":130},[55,54479,386],{"class":69},[55,54481,54482,54484,54486],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54483,2169],{"class":61},[55,54485,66],{"class":65},[55,54487,35772],{"class":61},[55,54489,54490],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54491,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54493,54494,54496,54498],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54495,2141],{"class":61},[55,54497,66],{"class":65},[55,54499,7433],{"class":69},[55,54501,54502],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,54503,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54505,54506,54508,54510,54512,54514],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,54507,117],{"class":116},[55,54509,120],{"class":69},[55,54511,194],{"class":123},[55,54513,970],{"class":69},[55,54515,54002],{"class":137},[55,54517,54518,54520,54522,54524,54526],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,54519,117],{"class":116},[55,54521,120],{"class":69},[55,54523,786],{"class":123},[55,54525,970],{"class":69},[55,54527,54528],{"class":137},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[14,54530,20367,54531,54533,54534,54536],{},[52,54532,194],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[52,54535,786],{}," still points to the original list.",[14,54538,54539],{},"This difference matters when:",[21,54541,54542,54545,54548],{},[24,54543,54544],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[24,54546,54547],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[24,54549,54550],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[14,54552,54553,54554,198],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[194,54555,54557,54558,10339],{"href":54556},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[52,54559,12377],{},[37,54561,4553,54562],{"id":12037},[52,54563,10919],{},[14,54565,1440,54566,5912],{},[52,54567,10919],{},[21,54569,54570,54573,54576],{},[24,54571,54572],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[24,54574,54575],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[24,54577,54578],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[14,54580,233],{},[45,54582,54584],{"className":47,"code":54583,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[52,54585,54586,54622,54626,54631,54642,54646],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54587,54588,54591,54593,54595,54597,54600,54602,54604,54606,54609,54611,54613,54615,54618,54620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54589,54590],{"class":61},"shopping_cart ",[55,54592,66],{"class":65},[55,54594,3211],{"class":69},[55,54596,74],{"class":73},[55,54598,54599],{"class":77},"milk",[55,54601,74],{"class":73},[55,54603,83],{"class":69},[55,54605,86],{"class":73},[55,54607,54608],{"class":77},"bread",[55,54610,74],{"class":73},[55,54612,83],{"class":69},[55,54614,86],{"class":73},[55,54616,54617],{"class":77},"eggs",[55,54619,74],{"class":73},[55,54621,386],{"class":69},[55,54623,54624],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54625,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54627,54628],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54629,54630],{"class":137},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[55,54632,54633,54636,54638,54640],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54634,54635],{"class":61},"shopping_cart",[55,54637,198],{"class":69},[55,54639,10981],{"class":123},[55,54641,8239],{"class":69},[55,54643,54644],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,54645,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54647,54648,54650,54652,54654,54656],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,54649,117],{"class":116},[55,54651,120],{"class":69},[55,54653,54635],{"class":123},[55,54655,970],{"class":69},[55,54657,54002],{"class":137},[14,54659,54660,54661,54665,54666,54672,54673,198],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[194,54662,54664],{"href":54663},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[194,54667,54669,10339],{"href":54668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[52,54670,54671],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[194,54674,54676,10339],{"href":54675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[52,54677,54678],{},"list.pop()",[37,54680,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,54682,54684,54685,1309,54688],{"id":54683},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[52,54686,54687],{},"my_list.clear",[52,54689,54690],{},"my_list.clear()",[14,54692,54693],{},"This does not call the method.",[45,54695,54697],{"className":47,"code":54696,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[52,54698,54699,54719,54723,54732],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54700,54701,54703,54705,54707,54709,54711,54713,54715,54717],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54702,7375],{"class":61},[55,54704,66],{"class":65},[55,54706,3211],{"class":69},[55,54708,152],{"class":130},[55,54710,83],{"class":69},[55,54712,976],{"class":130},[55,54714,83],{"class":69},[55,54716,2036],{"class":130},[55,54718,386],{"class":69},[55,54720,54721],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54722,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54724,54725,54727,54729],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54726,7404],{"class":61},[55,54728,198],{"class":69},[55,54730,54731],{"class":24347},"clear\n",[55,54733,54734,54736,54738,54740],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54735,117],{"class":116},[55,54737,120],{"class":69},[55,54739,7404],{"class":123},[55,54741,103],{"class":69},[14,54743,314],{},[45,54745,54747],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[52,54748,54749],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54750,54751,54753,54755,54757,54759,54761,54763],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54752,127],{"class":69},[55,54754,152],{"class":130},[55,54756,83],{"class":69},[55,54758,976],{"class":130},[55,54760,83],{"class":69},[55,54762,2036],{"class":130},[55,54764,386],{"class":69},[14,54766,54767],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[14,54769,10406],{},[45,54771,54773],{"className":47,"code":54772,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[52,54774,54775,54795,54799,54809],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54776,54777,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787,54789,54791,54793],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54778,7375],{"class":61},[55,54780,66],{"class":65},[55,54782,3211],{"class":69},[55,54784,152],{"class":130},[55,54786,83],{"class":69},[55,54788,976],{"class":130},[55,54790,83],{"class":69},[55,54792,2036],{"class":130},[55,54794,386],{"class":69},[55,54796,54797],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54798,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54800,54801,54803,54805,54807],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54802,7404],{"class":61},[55,54804,198],{"class":69},[55,54806,10981],{"class":123},[55,54808,8239],{"class":69},[55,54810,54811,54813,54815,54817,54819],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54812,117],{"class":116},[55,54814,120],{"class":69},[55,54816,7404],{"class":123},[55,54818,970],{"class":69},[55,54820,54002],{"class":137},[1425,54822,8048,54824,54826],{"id":54823},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[52,54825,10919],{}," to return the emptied list",[14,54828,54829,1981,54831,54833],{},[52,54830,10919],{},[52,54832,3368],{},", not the list.",[45,54835,54837],{"className":47,"code":54836,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[52,54838,54839,54859,54873,54877,54889],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54840,54841,54843,54845,54847,54849,54851,54853,54855,54857],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54842,7375],{"class":61},[55,54844,66],{"class":65},[55,54846,3211],{"class":69},[55,54848,152],{"class":130},[55,54850,83],{"class":69},[55,54852,976],{"class":130},[55,54854,83],{"class":69},[55,54856,2036],{"class":130},[55,54858,386],{"class":69},[55,54860,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54862,1814],{"class":61},[55,54864,66],{"class":65},[55,54866,5559],{"class":61},[55,54868,198],{"class":69},[55,54870,10981],{"class":123},[55,54872,8239],{"class":69},[55,54874,54875],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54876,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,54878,54879,54881,54883,54885,54887],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,54880,117],{"class":116},[55,54882,120],{"class":69},[55,54884,1849],{"class":123},[55,54886,970],{"class":69},[55,54888,20472],{"class":137},[55,54890,54891,54893,54895,54897,54899],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,54892,117],{"class":116},[55,54894,120],{"class":69},[55,54896,7404],{"class":123},[55,54898,970],{"class":69},[55,54900,54250],{"class":137},[1425,54902,8012,54904,54906],{"id":54903},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[52,54905,10919],{}," on a value that is not a list",[14,54908,54909,54910,54912],{},"Some types have a ",[52,54911,10919],{}," method, but not all of them.",[14,54914,54915],{},"This will fail:",[45,54917,54919],{"className":47,"code":54918,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[52,54920,54921,54933],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54922,54923,54925,54927,54929,54931],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54924,34287],{"class":61},[55,54926,66],{"class":65},[55,54928,86],{"class":73},[55,54930,3436],{"class":77},[55,54932,1288],{"class":73},[55,54934,54935,54937,54939,54941],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54936,34308],{"class":61},[55,54938,198],{"class":69},[55,54940,10981],{"class":123},[55,54942,8239],{"class":69},[14,54944,54945,54946,33200],{},"A string does not have a ",[52,54947,10919],{},[14,54949,54950,54951,54953],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[52,54952,3368],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[14,54955,54956],{},"Useful checks:",[45,54958,54960],{"className":47,"code":54959,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[52,54961,54962,54972,54986,55000,55009,55019],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,54963,54964,54966,54968,54970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,54965,117],{"class":116},[55,54967,120],{"class":69},[55,54969,7934],{"class":123},[55,54971,103],{"class":69},[55,54973,54974,54976,54978,54980,54982,54984],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,54975,117],{"class":116},[55,54977,120],{"class":69},[55,54979,1396],{"class":850},[55,54981,120],{"class":69},[55,54983,7934],{"class":123},[55,54985,1357],{"class":69},[55,54987,54988,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,54989,117],{"class":116},[55,54991,120],{"class":69},[55,54993,12249],{"class":116},[55,54995,120],{"class":69},[55,54997,7934],{"class":123},[55,54999,1357],{"class":69},[55,55001,55002,55004,55006],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,55003,43146],{"class":61},[55,55005,66],{"class":65},[55,55007,55008],{"class":61}," my_list\n",[55,55010,55011,55013,55015,55017],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,55012,7934],{"class":61},[55,55014,198],{"class":69},[55,55016,10981],{"class":123},[55,55018,8239],{"class":69},[55,55020,55021,55023,55025,55027],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,55022,117],{"class":116},[55,55024,120],{"class":69},[55,55026,30341],{"class":123},[55,55028,103],{"class":69},[14,55030,55031],{},"These can help you see:",[21,55033,55034,55037,55040],{},[24,55035,55036],{},"What the variable currently contains",[24,55038,55039],{},"Whether it is really a list",[24,55041,55042],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[14,55044,55045,55046,198],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[194,55047,55048],{"href":53892},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[37,55050,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,55052,12304,55054,55056],{"id":55053},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[52,55055,53945],{}," delete the list?",[14,55058,55059],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[1425,55061,12304,55063,55065],{"id":55062},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[52,55064,53945],{}," return a new list?",[14,55067,55068,55069,55071],{},"No. It returns ",[52,55070,3368],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[1425,55073,4771,55075,3983,55077,2078],{"id":55074},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[52,55076,10919],{},[52,55078,54453],{},[14,55080,55081,55083,55084,55086],{},[52,55082,10919],{}," empties the same list object. ",[52,55085,54453],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[1425,55088,27925,55090,55092],{"id":55089},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[52,55091,10919],{}," on other types?",[14,55094,55095,55096,55098],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[52,55097,10919],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[37,55100,1495],{"id":1494},[21,55102,55103,55107,55112,55119,55126,55132],{},[24,55104,55105],{},[194,55106,52367],{"href":54166},[24,55108,55109],{},[194,55110,55111],{"href":54663},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[24,55113,55114],{},[194,55115,55116,55117,10339],{"href":54675},"Python list ",[52,55118,12363],{},[24,55120,55121],{},[194,55122,55116,55123,10339],{"href":54668},[52,55124,55125],{},"remove()",[24,55127,55128],{},[194,55129,55116,55130,10339],{"href":54556},[52,55131,12377],{},[24,55133,55134],{},[194,55135,29945,55136,33233],{"href":53892},[52,55137,55138],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1524,55140,55141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":55143},[55144,55145,55147,55148,55149,55150,55157,55158,55166,55176],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":54010,"depth":106,"text":55146},"What list.clear() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":54324,"depth":106,"text":55151,"children":55152},"clear() vs assigning []",[55153,55155],{"id":54362,"depth":113,"text":55154},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54450,"depth":113,"text":55156},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12037,"depth":106,"text":12409},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":55159},[55160,55162,55164],{"id":54683,"depth":113,"text":55161},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54823,"depth":113,"text":55163},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54903,"depth":113,"text":55165},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":55167},[55168,55170,55172,55174],{"id":55053,"depth":113,"text":55169},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55062,"depth":113,"text":55171},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55074,"depth":113,"text":55173},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55089,"depth":113,"text":55175},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53932,"description":55177},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55184,"title":55185,"body":55186,"description":56871,"extension":1546,"meta":56872,"navigation":109,"path":56873,"seo":56874,"stem":56875,"__hash__":56876},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55187,"toc":56839},[55188,55193,55199,55207,55209,55298,55305,55310,55314,55328,55330,55407,55409,55470,55473,55475,55477,55498,55501,55515,55518,55563,55565,55573,55576,55582,55588,55591,55668,55670,55715,55718,55723,55806,55808,55849,55854,55858,55864,55866,55874,55877,55970,55972,56030,56033,56049,56054,56064,56069,56071,56076,56081,56084,56086,56143,56146,56199,56205,56210,56214,56231,56233,56317,56319,56360,56368,56370,56375,56381,56383,56446,56451,56521,56525,56560,56563,56565,56604,56608,56684,56690,56696,56701,56723,56726,56745,56753,56755,56761,56764,56771,56779,56784,56787,56791,56797,56805,56808,56810,56836],[10,55189,53938,55191,10920],{"id":55190},"python-list-copy-method",[52,55192,12377],{},[14,55194,55195,55198],{},[52,55196,55197],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[14,55200,55201,55202,13650,55204,55206],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[52,55203,66],{},[3332,55205,4222],{}," make a real copy.",[37,55208,1588],{"id":1587},[45,55210,55212],{"className":47,"code":55211,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,55213,55214,55234,55249,55253,55268,55272,55285],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55215,55216,55218,55220,55222,55224,55226,55228,55230,55232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55217,243],{"class":61},[55,55219,66],{"class":65},[55,55221,3211],{"class":69},[55,55223,152],{"class":130},[55,55225,83],{"class":69},[55,55227,976],{"class":130},[55,55229,83],{"class":69},[55,55231,2036],{"class":130},[55,55233,386],{"class":69},[55,55235,55236,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55237,55238],{"class":61},"new_numbers ",[55,55240,66],{"class":65},[55,55242,3852],{"class":61},[55,55244,198],{"class":69},[55,55246,12511],{"class":123},[55,55248,8239],{"class":69},[55,55250,55251],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,55252,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55254,55255,55258,55260,55262,55264,55266],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,55256,55257],{"class":61},"new_numbers",[55,55259,198],{"class":69},[55,55261,13149],{"class":123},[55,55263,120],{"class":69},[55,55265,2091],{"class":130},[55,55267,103],{"class":69},[55,55269,55270],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,55271,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55273,55274,55276,55278,55280,55282],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,55275,117],{"class":116},[55,55277,120],{"class":69},[55,55279,275],{"class":123},[55,55281,970],{"class":69},[55,55283,55284],{"class":137},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[55,55286,55287,55289,55291,55293,55295],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,55288,117],{"class":116},[55,55290,120],{"class":69},[55,55292,55257],{"class":123},[55,55294,970],{"class":69},[55,55296,55297],{"class":137},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,55299,1440,55300,55302,55303,198],{},[52,55301,55197],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3332,55304,12451],{},[37,55306,3265,55308,3268],{"id":55307},"what-listcopy-does",[52,55309,55197],{},[14,55311,55312,854],{},[52,55313,55197],{},[21,55315,55316,55319,55322,55325],{},[24,55317,55318],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[24,55320,55321],{},"Returns that new list",[24,55323,55324],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[24,55326,55327],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[14,55329,233],{},[45,55331,55333],{"className":47,"code":55332,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[52,55334,55335,55367,55382,55386,55396],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55336,55337,55339,55341,55343,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355,55357,55359,55361,55363,55365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55338,398],{"class":61},[55,55340,66],{"class":65},[55,55342,3211],{"class":69},[55,55344,74],{"class":73},[55,55346,407],{"class":77},[55,55348,74],{"class":73},[55,55350,83],{"class":69},[55,55352,86],{"class":73},[55,55354,416],{"class":77},[55,55356,74],{"class":73},[55,55358,83],{"class":69},[55,55360,86],{"class":73},[55,55362,32820],{"class":77},[55,55364,74],{"class":73},[55,55366,386],{"class":69},[55,55368,55369,55372,55374,55376,55378,55380],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55370,55371],{"class":61},"copied_fruits ",[55,55373,66],{"class":65},[55,55375,52447],{"class":61},[55,55377,198],{"class":69},[55,55379,12511],{"class":123},[55,55381,8239],{"class":69},[55,55383,55384],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,55385,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55387,55388,55390,55392,55394],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,55389,117],{"class":116},[55,55391,120],{"class":69},[55,55393,442],{"class":123},[55,55395,103],{"class":69},[55,55397,55398,55400,55402,55405],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,55399,117],{"class":116},[55,55401,120],{"class":69},[55,55403,55404],{"class":123},"copied_fruits",[55,55406,103],{"class":69},[14,55408,314],{},[45,55410,55412],{"className":47,"code":55411,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[52,55413,55414,55442],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55415,55416,55418,55420,55422,55424,55426,55428,55430,55432,55434,55436,55438,55440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55417,127],{"class":69},[55,55419,2889],{"class":73},[55,55421,407],{"class":77},[55,55423,2889],{"class":73},[55,55425,83],{"class":69},[55,55427,2884],{"class":73},[55,55429,416],{"class":77},[55,55431,2889],{"class":73},[55,55433,83],{"class":69},[55,55435,2884],{"class":73},[55,55437,32820],{"class":77},[55,55439,2889],{"class":73},[55,55441,386],{"class":69},[55,55443,55444,55446,55448,55450,55452,55454,55456,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55445,127],{"class":69},[55,55447,2889],{"class":73},[55,55449,407],{"class":77},[55,55451,2889],{"class":73},[55,55453,83],{"class":69},[55,55455,2884],{"class":73},[55,55457,416],{"class":77},[55,55459,2889],{"class":73},[55,55461,83],{"class":69},[55,55463,2884],{"class":73},[55,55465,32820],{"class":77},[55,55467,2889],{"class":73},[55,55469,386],{"class":69},[14,55471,55472],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[37,55474,1740],{"id":1739},[14,55476,1743],{},[45,55478,55480],{"className":47,"code":55479,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[52,55481,55482],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55483,55484,55487,55489,55492,55494,55496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55485,55486],{"class":61},"new_list ",[55,55488,66],{"class":65},[55,55490,55491],{"class":61}," old_list",[55,55493,198],{"class":69},[55,55495,12511],{"class":123},[55,55497,8239],{"class":69},[14,55499,55500],{},"How it works:",[21,55502,55503,55509,55512],{},[24,55504,55505,55506,55508],{},"Call ",[52,55507,12377],{}," on an existing list",[24,55510,55511],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[24,55513,55514],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[14,55516,55517],{},"Example with an empty list:",[45,55519,55521],{"className":47,"code":55520,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[52,55522,55523,55532,55548,55552],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55524,55525,55528,55530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55526,55527],{"class":61},"empty_list ",[55,55529,66],{"class":65},[55,55531,7433],{"class":69},[55,55533,55534,55537,55539,55542,55544,55546],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55535,55536],{"class":61},"new_empty_list ",[55,55538,66],{"class":65},[55,55540,55541],{"class":61}," empty_list",[55,55543,198],{"class":69},[55,55545,12511],{"class":123},[55,55547,8239],{"class":69},[55,55549,55550],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,55551,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55553,55554,55556,55558,55561],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,55555,117],{"class":116},[55,55557,120],{"class":69},[55,55559,55560],{"class":123},"new_empty_list",[55,55562,103],{"class":69},[14,55564,314],{},[45,55566,55567],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,55568,55569],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55570,55571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55572,37894],{"class":69},[14,55574,55575],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[37,55577,55579,55580],{"id":55578},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[52,55581,66],{},[14,55583,8012,55584,13650,55586,52263],{},[52,55585,66],{},[3332,55587,4222],{},[14,55589,55590],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[45,55592,55594],{"className":47,"code":55593,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[52,55595,55596,55616,55625,55629,55644,55648,55658],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55597,55598,55600,55602,55604,55606,55608,55610,55612,55614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55599,243],{"class":61},[55,55601,66],{"class":65},[55,55603,3211],{"class":69},[55,55605,152],{"class":130},[55,55607,83],{"class":69},[55,55609,976],{"class":130},[55,55611,83],{"class":69},[55,55613,2036],{"class":130},[55,55615,386],{"class":69},[55,55617,55618,55621,55623],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55619,55620],{"class":61},"same_list ",[55,55622,66],{"class":65},[55,55624,43579],{"class":61},[55,55626,55627],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,55628,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55630,55631,55634,55636,55638,55640,55642],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,55632,55633],{"class":61},"same_list",[55,55635,198],{"class":69},[55,55637,13149],{"class":123},[55,55639,120],{"class":69},[55,55641,2091],{"class":130},[55,55643,103],{"class":69},[55,55645,55646],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,55647,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55649,55650,55652,55654,55656],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,55651,117],{"class":116},[55,55653,120],{"class":69},[55,55655,275],{"class":123},[55,55657,103],{"class":69},[55,55659,55660,55662,55664,55666],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,55661,117],{"class":116},[55,55663,120],{"class":69},[55,55665,55633],{"class":123},[55,55667,103],{"class":69},[14,55669,314],{},[45,55671,55673],{"className":47,"code":55672,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,55674,55675,55695],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55676,55677,55679,55681,55683,55685,55687,55689,55691,55693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55678,127],{"class":69},[55,55680,152],{"class":130},[55,55682,83],{"class":69},[55,55684,976],{"class":130},[55,55686,83],{"class":69},[55,55688,2036],{"class":130},[55,55690,83],{"class":69},[55,55692,2042],{"class":130},[55,55694,386],{"class":69},[55,55696,55697,55699,55701,55703,55705,55707,55709,55711,55713],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55698,127],{"class":69},[55,55700,152],{"class":130},[55,55702,83],{"class":69},[55,55704,976],{"class":130},[55,55706,83],{"class":69},[55,55708,2036],{"class":130},[55,55710,83],{"class":69},[55,55712,2042],{"class":130},[55,55714,386],{"class":69},[14,55716,55717],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[14,55719,55720,55721,854],{},"Now compare that with ",[52,55722,12377],{},[45,55724,55726],{"className":47,"code":55725,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[52,55727,55728,55748,55763,55767,55782,55786,55796],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55729,55730,55732,55734,55736,55738,55740,55742,55744,55746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55731,243],{"class":61},[55,55733,66],{"class":65},[55,55735,3211],{"class":69},[55,55737,152],{"class":130},[55,55739,83],{"class":69},[55,55741,976],{"class":130},[55,55743,83],{"class":69},[55,55745,2036],{"class":130},[55,55747,386],{"class":69},[55,55749,55750,55753,55755,55757,55759,55761],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55751,55752],{"class":61},"copied_numbers ",[55,55754,66],{"class":65},[55,55756,3852],{"class":61},[55,55758,198],{"class":69},[55,55760,12511],{"class":123},[55,55762,8239],{"class":69},[55,55764,55765],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,55766,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55768,55769,55772,55774,55776,55778,55780],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,55770,55771],{"class":61},"copied_numbers",[55,55773,198],{"class":69},[55,55775,13149],{"class":123},[55,55777,120],{"class":69},[55,55779,2091],{"class":130},[55,55781,103],{"class":69},[55,55783,55784],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,55785,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55787,55788,55790,55792,55794],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,55789,117],{"class":116},[55,55791,120],{"class":69},[55,55793,275],{"class":123},[55,55795,103],{"class":69},[55,55797,55798,55800,55802,55804],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,55799,117],{"class":116},[55,55801,120],{"class":69},[55,55803,55771],{"class":123},[55,55805,103],{"class":69},[14,55807,314],{},[45,55809,55811],{"className":47,"code":55810,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,55812,55813,55829],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55814,55815,55817,55819,55821,55823,55825,55827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55816,127],{"class":69},[55,55818,152],{"class":130},[55,55820,83],{"class":69},[55,55822,976],{"class":130},[55,55824,83],{"class":69},[55,55826,2036],{"class":130},[55,55828,386],{"class":69},[55,55830,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55832,127],{"class":69},[55,55834,152],{"class":130},[55,55836,83],{"class":69},[55,55838,976],{"class":130},[55,55840,83],{"class":69},[55,55842,2036],{"class":130},[55,55844,83],{"class":69},[55,55846,2042],{"class":130},[55,55848,386],{"class":69},[14,55850,55851,55852,198],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[194,55853,52367],{"href":50575},[37,55855,55857],{"id":55856},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[14,55859,55860,12448,55862,198],{},[52,55861,55197],{},[3332,55863,12451],{},[14,55865,1690],{},[21,55867,55868,55871],{},[24,55869,55870],{},"The outer list is new",[24,55872,55873],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[14,55875,55876],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[45,55878,55880],{"className":47,"code":55879,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[52,55881,55882,55909,55923,55927,55946,55950,55960],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55883,55884,55886,55888,55891,55893,55895,55897,55899,55901,55903,55905,55907],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55885,11685],{"class":61},[55,55887,66],{"class":65},[55,55889,55890],{"class":69}," [[",[55,55892,152],{"class":130},[55,55894,83],{"class":69},[55,55896,976],{"class":130},[55,55898,17659],{"class":69},[55,55900,3211],{"class":69},[55,55902,609],{"class":130},[55,55904,83],{"class":69},[55,55906,2042],{"class":130},[55,55908,52838],{"class":69},[55,55910,55911,55913,55915,55917,55919,55921],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,55912,13908],{"class":61},[55,55914,66],{"class":65},[55,55916,11760],{"class":61},[55,55918,198],{"class":69},[55,55920,12511],{"class":123},[55,55922,8239],{"class":69},[55,55924,55925],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,55926,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55928,55929,55931,55933,55935,55937,55939,55941,55944],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,55930,13927],{"class":61},[55,55932,127],{"class":69},[55,55934,131],{"class":130},[55,55936,13146],{"class":69},[55,55938,13149],{"class":123},[55,55940,120],{"class":69},[55,55942,55943],{"class":130},"99",[55,55945,103],{"class":69},[55,55947,55948],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,55949,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,55951,55952,55954,55956,55958],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,55953,117],{"class":116},[55,55955,120],{"class":69},[55,55957,11732],{"class":123},[55,55959,103],{"class":69},[55,55961,55962,55964,55966,55968],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,55963,117],{"class":116},[55,55965,120],{"class":69},[55,55967,13927],{"class":123},[55,55969,103],{"class":69},[14,55971,314],{},[45,55973,55975],{"className":47,"code":55974,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,55976,55977,56004],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,55978,55979,55982,55984,55986,55988,55990,55992,55994,55996,55998,56000,56002],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,55980,55981],{"class":69},"[[",[55,55983,152],{"class":130},[55,55985,83],{"class":69},[55,55987,976],{"class":130},[55,55989,83],{"class":69},[55,55991,9794],{"class":130},[55,55993,17659],{"class":69},[55,55995,3211],{"class":69},[55,55997,609],{"class":130},[55,55999,83],{"class":69},[55,56001,2042],{"class":130},[55,56003,52838],{"class":69},[55,56005,56006,56008,56010,56012,56014,56016,56018,56020,56022,56024,56026,56028],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56007,55981],{"class":69},[55,56009,152],{"class":130},[55,56011,83],{"class":69},[55,56013,976],{"class":130},[55,56015,83],{"class":69},[55,56017,9794],{"class":130},[55,56019,17659],{"class":69},[55,56021,3211],{"class":69},[55,56023,609],{"class":130},[55,56025,83],{"class":69},[55,56027,2042],{"class":130},[55,56029,52838],{"class":69},[14,56031,56032],{},"Why did both change?",[21,56034,56035,56042],{},[24,56036,56037,3983,56039,56041],{},[52,56038,11732],{},[52,56040,13927],{}," are different outer lists",[24,56043,56044,56045,56048],{},"But the inner list ",[52,56046,56047],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[14,56050,53249,56051,56053],{},[52,56052,12377],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[21,56055,56056,56059,56062],{},[24,56057,56058],{},"Numbers",[24,56060,56061],{},"Strings",[24,56063,40191],{},[14,56065,56066,56067,198],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[194,56068,13387],{"href":13386},[37,56070,17017],{"id":17016},[14,56072,56073,56075],{},[52,56074,55197],{}," returns a new list.",[14,56077,40502,56078,56080],{},[3332,56079,4222],{}," change the original list by itself.",[14,56082,56083],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[14,56085,16253],{},[45,56087,56089],{"className":47,"code":56088,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[52,56090,56091,56115,56129,56133],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56092,56093,56095,56097,56099,56101,56103,56105,56107,56109,56111,56113],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56094,62],{"class":61},[55,56096,66],{"class":65},[55,56098,3211],{"class":69},[55,56100,74],{"class":73},[55,56102,78],{"class":77},[55,56104,74],{"class":73},[55,56106,83],{"class":69},[55,56108,86],{"class":73},[55,56110,98],{"class":77},[55,56112,74],{"class":73},[55,56114,386],{"class":69},[55,56116,56117,56119,56121,56123,56125,56127],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56118,12716],{"class":61},[55,56120,66],{"class":65},[55,56122,12721],{"class":61},[55,56124,198],{"class":69},[55,56126,12511],{"class":123},[55,56128,8239],{"class":69},[55,56130,56131],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,56132,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56134,56135,56137,56139,56141],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,56136,117],{"class":116},[55,56138,120],{"class":69},[55,56140,12740],{"class":123},[55,56142,103],{"class":69},[14,56144,56145],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[45,56147,56149],{"className":47,"code":56148,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[52,56150,56151,56175,56185,56189],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56152,56153,56155,56157,56159,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56154,62],{"class":61},[55,56156,66],{"class":65},[55,56158,3211],{"class":69},[55,56160,74],{"class":73},[55,56162,78],{"class":77},[55,56164,74],{"class":73},[55,56166,83],{"class":69},[55,56168,86],{"class":73},[55,56170,98],{"class":77},[55,56172,74],{"class":73},[55,56174,386],{"class":69},[55,56176,56177,56179,56181,56183],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56178,124],{"class":61},[55,56180,198],{"class":69},[55,56182,12511],{"class":123},[55,56184,8239],{"class":69},[55,56186,56187],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,56188,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56190,56191,56193,56195,56197],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,56192,117],{"class":116},[55,56194,120],{"class":69},[55,56196,124],{"class":123},[55,56198,103],{"class":69},[14,56200,56201,56202,56204],{},"In the second example, ",[52,56203,12377],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[37,56206,4553,56208],{"id":56207},"when-to-use-listcopy",[52,56209,55197],{},[14,56211,1440,56212,10199],{},[52,56213,55197],{},[21,56215,56216,56219,56222,56225],{},[24,56217,56218],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[24,56220,56221],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[24,56223,56224],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[24,56226,56227,56228],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[52,56229,56230],{},"[:]",[14,56232,233],{},[45,56234,56236],{"className":47,"code":56235,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[52,56237,56238,56258,56273,56277,56292,56296,56306],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56239,56240,56242,56244,56246,56248,56250,56252,56254,56256],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56241,4654],{"class":61},[55,56243,66],{"class":65},[55,56245,3211],{"class":69},[55,56247,250],{"class":130},[55,56249,83],{"class":69},[55,56251,255],{"class":130},[55,56253,83],{"class":69},[55,56255,260],{"class":130},[55,56257,386],{"class":69},[55,56259,56260,56263,56265,56267,56269,56271],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56261,56262],{"class":61},"backup_scores ",[55,56264,66],{"class":65},[55,56266,4701],{"class":61},[55,56268,198],{"class":69},[55,56270,12511],{"class":123},[55,56272,8239],{"class":69},[55,56274,56275],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,56276,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56278,56279,56281,56283,56285,56287,56290],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,56280,15986],{"class":61},[55,56282,198],{"class":69},[55,56284,13149],{"class":123},[55,56286,120],{"class":69},[55,56288,56289],{"class":130},"40",[55,56291,103],{"class":69},[55,56293,56294],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,56295,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56297,56298,56300,56302,56304],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,56299,117],{"class":116},[55,56301,120],{"class":69},[55,56303,15986],{"class":123},[55,56305,103],{"class":69},[55,56307,56308,56310,56312,56315],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,56309,117],{"class":116},[55,56311,120],{"class":69},[55,56313,56314],{"class":123},"backup_scores",[55,56316,103],{"class":69},[14,56318,314],{},[45,56320,56322],{"className":47,"code":56321,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[52,56323,56324,56344],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56325,56326,56328,56330,56332,56334,56336,56338,56340,56342],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56327,127],{"class":69},[55,56329,250],{"class":130},[55,56331,83],{"class":69},[55,56333,255],{"class":130},[55,56335,83],{"class":69},[55,56337,260],{"class":130},[55,56339,83],{"class":69},[55,56341,1051],{"class":130},[55,56343,386],{"class":69},[55,56345,56346,56348,56350,56352,56354,56356,56358],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56347,127],{"class":69},[55,56349,250],{"class":130},[55,56351,83],{"class":69},[55,56353,255],{"class":130},[55,56355,83],{"class":69},[55,56357,260],{"class":130},[55,56359,386],{"class":69},[14,56361,56362,56363,198],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[194,56364,55116,56366,10339],{"href":56365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[52,56367,52248],{},[37,56369,4109],{"id":4108},[14,56371,56372,56373,198],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[52,56374,55197],{},[1425,56376,8012,56378,56380],{"id":56377},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[52,56379,66],{}," and expecting a real copy",[14,56382,38794],{},[45,56384,56386],{"className":47,"code":56385,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,56387,56388,56408,56416,56430,56434],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56389,56390,56392,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404,56406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56391,2141],{"class":61},[55,56393,66],{"class":65},[55,56395,3211],{"class":69},[55,56397,152],{"class":130},[55,56399,83],{"class":69},[55,56401,976],{"class":130},[55,56403,83],{"class":69},[55,56405,2036],{"class":130},[55,56407,386],{"class":69},[55,56409,56410,56412,56414],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56411,2169],{"class":61},[55,56413,66],{"class":65},[55,56415,35772],{"class":61},[55,56417,56418,56420,56422,56424,56426,56428],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,56419,786],{"class":61},[55,56421,198],{"class":69},[55,56423,13149],{"class":123},[55,56425,120],{"class":69},[55,56427,2091],{"class":130},[55,56429,103],{"class":69},[55,56431,56432],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,56433,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56435,56436,56438,56440,56442,56444],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,56437,117],{"class":116},[55,56439,120],{"class":69},[55,56441,194],{"class":123},[55,56443,970],{"class":69},[55,56445,55297],{"class":137},[14,56447,56448,56449,6226],{},"Fix: use ",[52,56450,12377],{},[45,56452,56454],{"className":47,"code":56453,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,56455,56456,56476,56491,56505,56509],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56457,56458,56460,56462,56464,56466,56468,56470,56472,56474],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56459,2141],{"class":61},[55,56461,66],{"class":65},[55,56463,3211],{"class":69},[55,56465,152],{"class":130},[55,56467,83],{"class":69},[55,56469,976],{"class":130},[55,56471,83],{"class":69},[55,56473,2036],{"class":130},[55,56475,386],{"class":69},[55,56477,56478,56480,56482,56485,56487,56489],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56479,2169],{"class":61},[55,56481,66],{"class":65},[55,56483,56484],{"class":61}," a",[55,56486,198],{"class":69},[55,56488,12511],{"class":123},[55,56490,8239],{"class":69},[55,56492,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,56494,786],{"class":61},[55,56496,198],{"class":69},[55,56498,13149],{"class":123},[55,56500,120],{"class":69},[55,56502,2091],{"class":130},[55,56504,103],{"class":69},[55,56506,56507],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,56508,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56510,56511,56513,56515,56517,56519],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,56512,117],{"class":116},[55,56514,120],{"class":69},[55,56516,194],{"class":123},[55,56518,970],{"class":69},[55,56520,54528],{"class":137},[1425,56522,56524],{"id":56523},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[45,56526,56528],{"className":47,"code":56527,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[52,56529,56530,56550],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56531,56532,56534,56536,56538,56540,56542,56544,56546,56548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56533,243],{"class":61},[55,56535,66],{"class":65},[55,56537,3211],{"class":69},[55,56539,152],{"class":130},[55,56541,83],{"class":69},[55,56543,976],{"class":130},[55,56545,83],{"class":69},[55,56547,2036],{"class":130},[55,56549,386],{"class":69},[55,56551,56552,56554,56556,56558],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56553,275],{"class":61},[55,56555,198],{"class":69},[55,56557,12511],{"class":123},[55,56559,8239],{"class":69},[14,56561,56562],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[14,56564,38857],{},[45,56566,56568],{"className":47,"code":56567,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[52,56569,56570,56590],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56571,56572,56574,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56573,243],{"class":61},[55,56575,66],{"class":65},[55,56577,3211],{"class":69},[55,56579,152],{"class":130},[55,56581,83],{"class":69},[55,56583,976],{"class":130},[55,56585,83],{"class":69},[55,56587,2036],{"class":130},[55,56589,386],{"class":69},[55,56591,56592,56594,56596,56598,56600,56602],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56593,55752],{"class":61},[55,56595,66],{"class":65},[55,56597,3852],{"class":61},[55,56599,198],{"class":69},[55,56601,12511],{"class":123},[55,56603,8239],{"class":69},[1425,56605,56607],{"id":56606},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[45,56609,56611],{"className":47,"code":56610,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[52,56612,56613,56631,56645,56649,56667,56671],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56614,56615,56617,56619,56621,56623,56625,56627,56629],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56616,2141],{"class":61},[55,56618,66],{"class":65},[55,56620,55890],{"class":69},[55,56622,152],{"class":130},[55,56624,17659],{"class":69},[55,56626,3211],{"class":69},[55,56628,309],{"class":130},[55,56630,52838],{"class":69},[55,56632,56633,56635,56637,56639,56641,56643],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56634,2169],{"class":61},[55,56636,66],{"class":65},[55,56638,56484],{"class":61},[55,56640,198],{"class":69},[55,56642,12511],{"class":123},[55,56644,8239],{"class":69},[55,56646,56647],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,56648,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56650,56651,56653,56655,56657,56659,56661,56663,56665],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,56652,786],{"class":61},[55,56654,127],{"class":69},[55,56656,131],{"class":130},[55,56658,13146],{"class":69},[55,56660,13149],{"class":123},[55,56662,120],{"class":69},[55,56664,55943],{"class":130},[55,56666,103],{"class":69},[55,56668,56669],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,56670,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,56672,56673,56675,56677,56679,56681],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,56674,117],{"class":116},[55,56676,120],{"class":69},[55,56678,194],{"class":123},[55,56680,970],{"class":69},[55,56682,56683],{"class":137},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[14,56685,56686,56687,56689],{},"Fix: remember that ",[52,56688,55197],{}," is shallow.",[1425,56691,25214,56693,56695],{"id":56692},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[52,56694,12377],{}," on the wrong data type",[14,56697,56698,56700],{},[52,56699,12377],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[45,56702,56704],{"className":47,"code":56703,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[52,56705,56706,56718],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56707,56708,56710,56712,56714,56716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56709,7471],{"class":61},[55,56711,66],{"class":65},[55,56713,86],{"class":73},[55,56715,4595],{"class":77},[55,56717,1288],{"class":73},[55,56719,56720],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56721,56722],{"class":137},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[14,56724,56725],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[45,56727,56729],{"className":47,"code":56728,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(name))\n",[52,56730,56731],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56732,56733,56735,56737,56739,56741,56743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56734,117],{"class":116},[55,56736,120],{"class":69},[55,56738,1396],{"class":850},[55,56740,120],{"class":69},[55,56742,7263],{"class":123},[55,56744,1357],{"class":69},[14,56746,56747,56748,56752],{},"You can also review ",[194,56749,56751],{"href":56750},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[37,56754,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,56756,12304,56758,56760],{"id":56757},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[52,56759,55197],{}," change the original list?",[14,56762,56763],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[1425,56765,4771,56767,3983,56769,2078],{"id":56766},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[52,56768,55197],{},[52,56770,66],{},[14,56772,56773,56775,56776,56778],{},[52,56774,12377],{}," creates a new list. ",[52,56777,66],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[1425,56780,14500,56782,14503],{"id":56781},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[52,56783,55197],{},[14,56785,56786],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[1425,56788,56790],{"id":56789},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[14,56792,41749,56793,56796],{},[52,56794,56795],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[1425,56798,14500,56800,56802,56803,2078],{"id":56799},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[52,56801,55197],{}," the same as ",[52,56804,56230],{},[14,56806,56807],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[37,56809,1495],{"id":1494},[21,56811,56812,56817,56821,56826,56832],{},[24,56813,56814],{},[194,56815,14562],{"href":56816},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[24,56818,56819],{},[194,56820,52367],{"href":50575},[24,56822,56823],{},[194,56824,56825],{"href":56750},"Creating a list in Python",[24,56827,56828],{},[194,56829,55116,56830,10339],{"href":56365},[52,56831,52248],{},[24,56833,56834],{},[194,56835,13387],{"href":13386},[1524,56837,56838],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":56840},[56841,56842,56844,56845,56847,56848,56849,56851,56859,56870],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":55307,"depth":106,"text":56843},"What list.copy() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":55578,"depth":106,"text":56846},"Why not use =",{"id":55856,"depth":106,"text":55857},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":56207,"depth":106,"text":56850},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":56852},[56853,56855,56856,56857],{"id":56377,"depth":113,"text":56854},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56523,"depth":113,"text":56524},{"id":56606,"depth":113,"text":56607},{"id":56692,"depth":113,"text":56858},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":56860},[56861,56863,56865,56867,56868],{"id":56757,"depth":113,"text":56862},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56766,"depth":113,"text":56864},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56781,"depth":113,"text":56866},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56789,"depth":113,"text":56790},{"id":56799,"depth":113,"text":56869},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55185,"description":56871},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56878,"title":56879,"body":56880,"description":58622,"extension":1546,"meta":58623,"navigation":109,"path":58624,"seo":58625,"stem":58626,"__hash__":58627},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56881,"toc":58581},[56882,56888,56894,56897,56908,56911,56913,56976,56982,56987,56991,57005,57008,57013,57018,57020,57022,57041,57053,57055,57122,57124,57132,57137,57139,57147,57150,57167,57169,57293,57304,57308,57313,57316,57318,57336,57340,57426,57435,57443,57512,57514,57517,57529,57534,57538,57609,57612,57616,57620,57685,57687,57695,57699,57782,57784,57792,57796,57857,57859,57867,57871,57958,57960,57968,57973,57978,57981,57992,57994,58079,58084,58093,58095,58099,58103,58108,58170,58174,58182,58188,58197,58202,58251,58254,58275,58279,58341,58348,58353,58356,58443,58446,58457,58460,58480,58482,58488,58491,58495,58499,58505,58508,58514,58521,58529,58540,58542,58578],[10,56883,53938,56885,10920],{"id":56884},"python-list-count-method",[52,56886,56887],{},"count()",[14,56889,56890,56893],{},[52,56891,56892],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[14,56895,56896],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[21,56898,56899,56902,56905],{},[24,56900,56901],{},"count one specific item",[24,56903,56904],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[24,56906,56907],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[14,56909,56910],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[37,56912,40],{"id":39},[45,56914,56916],{"className":47,"code":56915,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[52,56917,56918,56946,56964],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,56919,56920,56922,56924,56926,56928,56930,56932,56934,56936,56938,56940,56942,56944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,56921,243],{"class":61},[55,56923,66],{"class":65},[55,56925,3211],{"class":69},[55,56927,152],{"class":130},[55,56929,83],{"class":69},[55,56931,976],{"class":130},[55,56933,83],{"class":69},[55,56935,976],{"class":130},[55,56937,83],{"class":69},[55,56939,2036],{"class":130},[55,56941,83],{"class":69},[55,56943,976],{"class":130},[55,56945,386],{"class":69},[55,56947,56948,56950,56952,56954,56956,56958,56960,56962],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,56949,1814],{"class":61},[55,56951,66],{"class":65},[55,56953,3852],{"class":61},[55,56955,198],{"class":69},[55,56957,40856],{"class":123},[55,56959,120],{"class":69},[55,56961,309],{"class":130},[55,56963,103],{"class":69},[55,56965,56966,56968,56970,56972,56974],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,56967,117],{"class":116},[55,56969,120],{"class":69},[55,56971,1849],{"class":123},[55,56973,970],{"class":69},[55,56975,950],{"class":137},[14,56977,1440,56978,56981],{},[52,56979,56980],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[37,56983,3265,56985,3268],{"id":56984},"what-listcount-does",[52,56986,56892],{},[14,56988,56989,854],{},[52,56990,56892],{},[21,56992,56993,56996,56999,57002],{},[24,56994,56995],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[24,56997,56998],{},"returns an integer",[24,57000,57001],{},"does not change the original list",[24,57003,57004],{},"checks for exact matches",[14,57006,57007],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[14,57009,57010,57011,198],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[52,57012,609],{},[14,57014,57015,57016,198],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[52,57017,131],{},[37,57019,1740],{"id":1739},[14,57021,1743],{},[45,57023,57025],{"className":47,"code":57024,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.count(value)\n",[52,57026,57027],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57028,57029,57031,57033,57035,57037,57039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57030,7934],{"class":61},[55,57032,198],{"class":69},[55,57034,40856],{"class":123},[55,57036,120],{"class":69},[55,57038,2058],{"class":123},[55,57040,103],{"class":69},[21,57042,57043,57048],{},[24,57044,57045,57047],{},[52,57046,7934],{}," is the list you want to search",[24,57049,57050,57052],{},[52,57051,2058],{}," is the item you want to count",[14,57054,233],{},[45,57056,57058],{"className":47,"code":57057,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[52,57059,57060,57100],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57061,57062,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57063,769],{"class":61},[55,57065,66],{"class":65},[55,57067,3211],{"class":69},[55,57069,74],{"class":73},[55,57071,194],{"class":77},[55,57073,74],{"class":73},[55,57075,83],{"class":69},[55,57077,86],{"class":73},[55,57079,786],{"class":77},[55,57081,74],{"class":73},[55,57083,83],{"class":69},[55,57085,86],{"class":73},[55,57087,194],{"class":77},[55,57089,74],{"class":73},[55,57091,83],{"class":69},[55,57093,86],{"class":73},[55,57095,795],{"class":77},[55,57097,74],{"class":73},[55,57099,386],{"class":69},[55,57101,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57103,117],{"class":116},[55,57105,120],{"class":69},[55,57107,812],{"class":123},[55,57109,198],{"class":69},[55,57111,40856],{"class":123},[55,57113,120],{"class":69},[55,57115,74],{"class":73},[55,57117,194],{"class":77},[55,57119,74],{"class":73},[55,57121,1357],{"class":69},[14,57123,314],{},[45,57125,57126],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,57127,57128],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57129,57130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57131,16654],{"class":130},[14,57133,57134,57135,198],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[52,57136,131],{},[37,57138,37617],{"id":37616},[14,57140,57141,57142,57144,57145,198],{},"The return value from ",[52,57143,56887],{}," is always an ",[52,57146,1772],{},[14,57148,57149],{},"Possible results:",[21,57151,57152,57157,57162],{},[24,57153,57154,57156],{},[52,57155,131],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[24,57158,57159,57161],{},[52,57160,152],{}," if it appears once",[24,57163,57164,57166],{},[52,57165,309],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[14,57168,233],{},[45,57170,57172],{"className":47,"code":57171,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[52,57173,57174,57214,57218,57243,57268],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57175,57176,57178,57180,57182,57184,57186,57188,57190,57192,57194,57196,57198,57200,57202,57204,57206,57208,57210,57212],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57177,62],{"class":61},[55,57179,66],{"class":65},[55,57181,3211],{"class":69},[55,57183,74],{"class":73},[55,57185,78],{"class":77},[55,57187,74],{"class":73},[55,57189,83],{"class":69},[55,57191,86],{"class":73},[55,57193,98],{"class":77},[55,57195,74],{"class":73},[55,57197,83],{"class":69},[55,57199,86],{"class":73},[55,57201,89],{"class":77},[55,57203,74],{"class":73},[55,57205,83],{"class":69},[55,57207,86],{"class":73},[55,57209,98],{"class":77},[55,57211,74],{"class":73},[55,57213,386],{"class":69},[55,57215,57216],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57217,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,57219,57220,57222,57224,57226,57228,57230,57232,57234,57236,57238,57240],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,57221,117],{"class":116},[55,57223,120],{"class":69},[55,57225,124],{"class":123},[55,57227,198],{"class":69},[55,57229,40856],{"class":123},[55,57231,120],{"class":69},[55,57233,74],{"class":73},[55,57235,98],{"class":77},[55,57237,74],{"class":73},[55,57239,947],{"class":69},[55,57241,57242],{"class":137},"   # 2\n",[55,57244,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,57246,117],{"class":116},[55,57248,120],{"class":69},[55,57250,124],{"class":123},[55,57252,198],{"class":69},[55,57254,40856],{"class":123},[55,57256,120],{"class":69},[55,57258,74],{"class":73},[55,57260,78],{"class":77},[55,57262,74],{"class":73},[55,57264,947],{"class":69},[55,57266,57267],{"class":137},"    # 1\n",[55,57269,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,57271,117],{"class":116},[55,57273,120],{"class":69},[55,57275,124],{"class":123},[55,57277,198],{"class":69},[55,57279,40856],{"class":123},[55,57281,120],{"class":69},[55,57283,74],{"class":73},[55,57285,1285],{"class":77},[55,57287,74],{"class":73},[55,57289,947],{"class":69},[55,57291,57292],{"class":137}," # 0\n",[14,57294,57295,57296,57298,57299,57301,57302,198],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[52,57297,56887],{}," works, but using ",[52,57300,3474],{}," is often simpler. See ",[194,57303,5792],{"href":5791},[37,57305,57307],{"id":57306},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[14,57309,57310,57312],{},[52,57311,56892],{}," uses equality matching.",[14,57314,57315],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[14,57317,43247],{},[21,57319,57320,57323,57326,57333],{},[24,57321,57322],{},"matches are based on equality",[24,57324,57325],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[24,57327,57328,3983,57330,57332],{},[52,57329,152],{},[52,57331,3194],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[24,57334,57335],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[1425,57337,57339],{"id":57338},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[45,57341,57343],{"className":47,"code":57342,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[52,57344,57345,57378,57402],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57346,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57348,3661],{"class":61},[55,57350,66],{"class":65},[55,57352,3211],{"class":69},[55,57354,74],{"class":73},[55,57356,407],{"class":77},[55,57358,74],{"class":73},[55,57360,83],{"class":69},[55,57362,86],{"class":73},[55,57364,57365],{"class":77},"Apple",[55,57367,74],{"class":73},[55,57369,83],{"class":69},[55,57371,86],{"class":73},[55,57373,407],{"class":77},[55,57375,74],{"class":73},[55,57377,386],{"class":69},[55,57379,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57381,117],{"class":116},[55,57383,120],{"class":69},[55,57385,3702],{"class":123},[55,57387,198],{"class":69},[55,57389,40856],{"class":123},[55,57391,120],{"class":69},[55,57393,74],{"class":73},[55,57395,407],{"class":77},[55,57397,74],{"class":73},[55,57399,947],{"class":69},[55,57401,51011],{"class":137},[55,57403,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,57405,117],{"class":116},[55,57407,120],{"class":69},[55,57409,3702],{"class":123},[55,57411,198],{"class":69},[55,57413,40856],{"class":123},[55,57415,120],{"class":69},[55,57417,74],{"class":73},[55,57419,57365],{"class":77},[55,57421,74],{"class":73},[55,57423,947],{"class":69},[55,57425,27376],{"class":137},[14,57427,57428,3983,57431,57434],{},[52,57429,57430],{},"\"apple\"",[52,57432,57433],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[1425,57436,57438,3983,57440,57442],{"id":57437},"_1-and-true-can-match",[52,57439,152],{},[52,57441,3194],{}," can match",[45,57444,57446],{"className":47,"code":57445,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[52,57447,57448,57472,57492],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57449,57450,57452,57454,57456,57458,57460,57462,57464,57466,57468,57470],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57451,3413],{"class":61},[55,57453,66],{"class":65},[55,57455,3211],{"class":69},[55,57457,152],{"class":130},[55,57459,83],{"class":69},[55,57461,3506],{"class":3443},[55,57463,83],{"class":69},[55,57465,976],{"class":130},[55,57467,83],{"class":69},[55,57469,5090],{"class":130},[55,57471,386],{"class":69},[55,57473,57474,57476,57478,57480,57482,57484,57486,57488,57490],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57475,117],{"class":116},[55,57477,120],{"class":69},[55,57479,4951],{"class":123},[55,57481,198],{"class":69},[55,57483,40856],{"class":123},[55,57485,120],{"class":69},[55,57487,152],{"class":130},[55,57489,947],{"class":69},[55,57491,50514],{"class":137},[55,57493,57494,57496,57498,57500,57502,57504,57506,57508,57510],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,57495,117],{"class":116},[55,57497,120],{"class":69},[55,57499,4951],{"class":123},[55,57501,198],{"class":69},[55,57503,40856],{"class":123},[55,57505,120],{"class":69},[55,57507,3194],{"class":3443},[55,57509,947],{"class":69},[55,57511,950],{"class":137},[14,57513,4000],{},[14,57515,57516],{},"In Python:",[21,57518,57519,57524],{},[24,57520,57521],{},[52,57522,57523],{},"True == 1",[24,57525,57526],{},[52,57527,57528],{},"False == 0",[14,57530,53249,57531,57533],{},[52,57532,56887],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[1425,57535,57537],{"id":57536},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[45,57539,57541],{"className":47,"code":57540,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[52,57542,57543,57585],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57544,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581,57583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57546,7375],{"class":61},[55,57548,66],{"class":65},[55,57550,55890],{"class":69},[55,57552,152],{"class":130},[55,57554,83],{"class":69},[55,57556,976],{"class":130},[55,57558,17659],{"class":69},[55,57560,3211],{"class":69},[55,57562,609],{"class":130},[55,57564,83],{"class":69},[55,57566,2042],{"class":130},[55,57568,17659],{"class":69},[55,57570,3211],{"class":69},[55,57572,152],{"class":130},[55,57574,83],{"class":69},[55,57576,976],{"class":130},[55,57578,17659],{"class":69},[55,57580,3211],{"class":69},[55,57582,152],{"class":130},[55,57584,52838],{"class":69},[55,57586,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603,57605,57607],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57588,117],{"class":116},[55,57590,120],{"class":69},[55,57592,7404],{"class":123},[55,57594,198],{"class":69},[55,57596,40856],{"class":123},[55,57598,2573],{"class":69},[55,57600,152],{"class":130},[55,57602,83],{"class":69},[55,57604,976],{"class":130},[55,57606,4327],{"class":69},[55,57608,51011],{"class":137},[14,57610,57611],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[37,57613,57615],{"id":57614},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[1425,57617,57619],{"id":57618},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[45,57621,57623],{"className":47,"code":57622,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,57624,57625,57653,57671,57675],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57626,57627,57629,57631,57633,57635,57637,57639,57641,57643,57645,57647,57649,57651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57628,243],{"class":61},[55,57630,66],{"class":65},[55,57632,3211],{"class":69},[55,57634,250],{"class":130},[55,57636,83],{"class":69},[55,57638,255],{"class":130},[55,57640,83],{"class":69},[55,57642,5598],{"class":130},[55,57644,83],{"class":69},[55,57646,260],{"class":130},[55,57648,83],{"class":69},[55,57650,5598],{"class":130},[55,57652,386],{"class":69},[55,57654,57655,57657,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57656,1814],{"class":61},[55,57658,66],{"class":65},[55,57660,3852],{"class":61},[55,57662,198],{"class":69},[55,57664,40856],{"class":123},[55,57666,120],{"class":69},[55,57668,250],{"class":130},[55,57670,103],{"class":69},[55,57672,57673],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,57674,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,57676,57677,57679,57681,57683],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,57678,117],{"class":116},[55,57680,120],{"class":69},[55,57682,1849],{"class":123},[55,57684,103],{"class":69},[14,57686,314],{},[45,57688,57689],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,57690,57691],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57692,57693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57694,46215],{"class":130},[1425,57696,57698],{"id":57697},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[45,57700,57702],{"className":47,"code":57701,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,57703,57704,57746,57768,57772],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57705,57706,57708,57710,57712,57714,57716,57718,57720,57722,57725,57727,57729,57731,57733,57735,57737,57739,57742,57744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57707,3661],{"class":61},[55,57709,66],{"class":65},[55,57711,3211],{"class":69},[55,57713,74],{"class":73},[55,57715,36643],{"class":77},[55,57717,74],{"class":73},[55,57719,83],{"class":69},[55,57721,86],{"class":73},[55,57723,57724],{"class":77},"dog",[55,57726,74],{"class":73},[55,57728,83],{"class":69},[55,57730,86],{"class":73},[55,57732,36643],{"class":77},[55,57734,74],{"class":73},[55,57736,83],{"class":69},[55,57738,86],{"class":73},[55,57740,57741],{"class":77},"bird",[55,57743,74],{"class":73},[55,57745,386],{"class":69},[55,57747,57748,57750,57752,57754,57756,57758,57760,57762,57764,57766],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57749,1814],{"class":61},[55,57751,66],{"class":65},[55,57753,5762],{"class":61},[55,57755,198],{"class":69},[55,57757,40856],{"class":123},[55,57759,120],{"class":69},[55,57761,74],{"class":73},[55,57763,36643],{"class":77},[55,57765,74],{"class":73},[55,57767,103],{"class":69},[55,57769,57770],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,57771,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,57773,57774,57776,57778,57780],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,57775,117],{"class":116},[55,57777,120],{"class":69},[55,57779,1849],{"class":123},[55,57781,103],{"class":69},[14,57783,314],{},[45,57785,57786],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,57787,57788],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57789,57790],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57791,16654],{"class":130},[1425,57793,57795],{"id":57794},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[45,57797,57799],{"className":47,"code":57798,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,57800,57801,57825,57843,57847],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57802,57803,57805,57807,57809,57811,57813,57815,57817,57819,57821,57823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57804,243],{"class":61},[55,57806,66],{"class":65},[55,57808,3211],{"class":69},[55,57810,152],{"class":130},[55,57812,83],{"class":69},[55,57814,976],{"class":130},[55,57816,83],{"class":69},[55,57818,2036],{"class":130},[55,57820,83],{"class":69},[55,57822,2042],{"class":130},[55,57824,386],{"class":69},[55,57826,57827,57829,57831,57833,57835,57837,57839,57841],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57828,1814],{"class":61},[55,57830,66],{"class":65},[55,57832,3852],{"class":61},[55,57834,198],{"class":69},[55,57836,40856],{"class":123},[55,57838,120],{"class":69},[55,57840,817],{"class":130},[55,57842,103],{"class":69},[55,57844,57845],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,57846,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,57848,57849,57851,57853,57855],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,57850,117],{"class":116},[55,57852,120],{"class":69},[55,57854,1849],{"class":123},[55,57856,103],{"class":69},[14,57858,314],{},[45,57860,57861],{"className":47,"code":46850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,57862,57863],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57864,57865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57866,46850],{"class":130},[1425,57868,57870],{"id":57869},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[45,57872,57874],{"className":47,"code":57873,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,57875,57876,57922,57944,57948],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57877,57878,57880,57882,57884,57886,57888,57890,57892,57894,57896,57898,57900,57902,57904,57906,57908,57910,57912,57914,57916,57918,57920],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57879,8763],{"class":61},[55,57881,66],{"class":65},[55,57883,55890],{"class":69},[55,57885,152],{"class":130},[55,57887,83],{"class":69},[55,57889,976],{"class":130},[55,57891,17659],{"class":69},[55,57893,3211],{"class":69},[55,57895,152],{"class":130},[55,57897,83],{"class":69},[55,57899,976],{"class":130},[55,57901,17659],{"class":69},[55,57903,3211],{"class":69},[55,57905,309],{"class":130},[55,57907,83],{"class":69},[55,57909,2036],{"class":130},[55,57911,17659],{"class":69},[55,57913,3211],{"class":69},[55,57915,152],{"class":130},[55,57917,83],{"class":69},[55,57919,976],{"class":130},[55,57921,52838],{"class":69},[55,57923,57924,57926,57928,57930,57932,57934,57936,57938,57940,57942],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,57925,1814],{"class":61},[55,57927,66],{"class":65},[55,57929,14163],{"class":61},[55,57931,198],{"class":69},[55,57933,40856],{"class":123},[55,57935,2573],{"class":69},[55,57937,152],{"class":130},[55,57939,83],{"class":69},[55,57941,976],{"class":130},[55,57943,282],{"class":69},[55,57945,57946],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,57947,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,57949,57950,57952,57954,57956],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,57951,117],{"class":116},[55,57953,120],{"class":69},[55,57955,1849],{"class":123},[55,57957,103],{"class":69},[14,57959,314],{},[45,57961,57962],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,57963,57964],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,57965,57966],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,57967,46215],{"class":130},[37,57969,4553,57971],{"id":57970},"when-to-use-count",[52,57972,56887],{},[14,57974,1440,57975,57977],{},[52,57976,56887],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[14,57979,57980],{},"Good use cases:",[21,57982,57983,57986,57989],{},[24,57984,57985],{},"counting one specific item",[24,57987,57988],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[24,57990,57991],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[14,57993,233],{},[45,57995,57997],{"className":47,"code":57996,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[52,57998,57999,58040,58064,58068],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58000,58001,58004,58006,58008,58010,58012,58014,58016,58018,58020,58022,58024,58026,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58002,58003],{"class":61},"votes ",[55,58005,66],{"class":65},[55,58007,3211],{"class":69},[55,58009,74],{"class":73},[55,58011,8254],{"class":77},[55,58013,74],{"class":73},[55,58015,83],{"class":69},[55,58017,86],{"class":73},[55,58019,8193],{"class":77},[55,58021,74],{"class":73},[55,58023,83],{"class":69},[55,58025,86],{"class":73},[55,58027,8254],{"class":77},[55,58029,74],{"class":73},[55,58031,83],{"class":69},[55,58033,86],{"class":73},[55,58035,8254],{"class":77},[55,58037,74],{"class":73},[55,58039,386],{"class":69},[55,58041,58042,58045,58047,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58043,58044],{"class":61},"yes_votes ",[55,58046,66],{"class":65},[55,58048,58049],{"class":61}," votes",[55,58051,198],{"class":69},[55,58053,40856],{"class":123},[55,58055,120],{"class":69},[55,58057,74],{"class":73},[55,58059,8254],{"class":77},[55,58061,74],{"class":73},[55,58063,103],{"class":69},[55,58065,58066],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,58067,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,58069,58070,58072,58074,58077],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,58071,117],{"class":116},[55,58073,120],{"class":69},[55,58075,58076],{"class":123},"yes_votes",[55,58078,103],{"class":69},[14,58080,58081,58083],{},[52,58082,56887],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[14,58085,58086,58087,3983,58089,198],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[194,58088,52367],{"href":50575},[194,58090,58092],{"href":58091},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[37,58094,1298],{"id":1297},[14,58096,8042,58097,198],{},[52,58098,56892],{},[1425,58100,58102],{"id":58101},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[14,58104,58105,58107],{},[52,58106,56892],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[45,58109,58111],{"className":47,"code":58110,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[52,58112,58113,58146],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58114,58115,58117,58119,58121,58123,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134,58136,58138,58140,58142,58144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58116,3661],{"class":61},[55,58118,66],{"class":65},[55,58120,3211],{"class":69},[55,58122,74],{"class":73},[55,58124,58125],{"class":77},"apple pie",[55,58127,74],{"class":73},[55,58129,83],{"class":69},[55,58131,86],{"class":73},[55,58133,416],{"class":77},[55,58135,74],{"class":73},[55,58137,83],{"class":69},[55,58139,86],{"class":73},[55,58141,58125],{"class":77},[55,58143,74],{"class":73},[55,58145,386],{"class":69},[55,58147,58148,58150,58152,58154,58156,58158,58160,58162,58164,58166,58168],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58149,117],{"class":116},[55,58151,120],{"class":69},[55,58153,3702],{"class":123},[55,58155,198],{"class":69},[55,58157,40856],{"class":123},[55,58159,120],{"class":69},[55,58161,74],{"class":73},[55,58163,407],{"class":77},[55,58165,74],{"class":73},[55,58167,947],{"class":69},[55,58169,50843],{"class":137},[14,58171,2074,58172,2078],{},[52,58173,131],{},[14,58175,28658,58176,58178,58179,198],{},[52,58177,57430],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[52,58180,58181],{},"\"apple pie\"",[14,58183,58184,58185,198],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[52,58186,58187],{},"str.count()",[1425,58189,8048,58191,8051,58193,2465,58195],{"id":58190},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[52,58192,56887],{},[52,58194,3194],{},[52,58196,3261],{},[14,58198,58199,58201],{},[52,58200,56887],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[45,58203,58205],{"className":47,"code":58204,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[52,58206,58207,58231],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58208,58209,58211,58213,58215,58217,58219,58221,58223,58225,58227,58229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58210,243],{"class":61},[55,58212,66],{"class":65},[55,58214,3211],{"class":69},[55,58216,152],{"class":130},[55,58218,83],{"class":69},[55,58220,976],{"class":130},[55,58222,83],{"class":69},[55,58224,976],{"class":130},[55,58226,83],{"class":69},[55,58228,2036],{"class":130},[55,58230,386],{"class":69},[55,58232,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58234,117],{"class":116},[55,58236,120],{"class":69},[55,58238,275],{"class":123},[55,58240,198],{"class":69},[55,58242,40856],{"class":123},[55,58244,120],{"class":69},[55,58246,309],{"class":130},[55,58248,947],{"class":69},[55,58250,51011],{"class":137},[14,58252,58253],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[45,58255,58257],{"className":47,"code":58256,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[52,58258,58259],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58260,58261,58263,58265,58267,58269,58271,58273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58262,117],{"class":116},[55,58264,120],{"class":69},[55,58266,309],{"class":130},[55,58268,20770],{"class":959},[55,58270,3852],{"class":123},[55,58272,970],{"class":69},[55,58274,3251],{"class":137},[1425,58276,58278],{"id":58277},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[45,58280,58282],{"className":47,"code":58281,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[52,58283,58284,58317],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58285,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306,58308,58310,58313,58315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58287,636],{"class":61},[55,58289,66],{"class":65},[55,58291,3211],{"class":69},[55,58293,74],{"class":73},[55,58295,7272],{"class":77},[55,58297,74],{"class":73},[55,58299,83],{"class":69},[55,58301,86],{"class":73},[55,58303,19815],{"class":77},[55,58305,74],{"class":73},[55,58307,83],{"class":69},[55,58309,86],{"class":73},[55,58311,58312],{"class":77},"SAM",[55,58314,74],{"class":73},[55,58316,386],{"class":69},[55,58318,58319,58321,58323,58325,58327,58329,58331,58333,58335,58337,58339],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58320,117],{"class":116},[55,58322,120],{"class":69},[55,58324,680],{"class":123},[55,58326,198],{"class":69},[55,58328,40856],{"class":123},[55,58330,120],{"class":69},[55,58332,74],{"class":73},[55,58334,19815],{"class":77},[55,58336,74],{"class":73},[55,58338,947],{"class":69},[55,58340,27376],{"class":137},[14,58342,58343,58344,58347],{},"Only the exact string ",[52,58345,58346],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[1425,58349,29247,58351,33148],{"id":58350},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[52,58352,56887],{},[14,58354,58355],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[45,58357,58359],{"className":47,"code":58358,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[52,58360,58361,58371,58385,58403,58417,58429],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58362,58363,58365,58367,58369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58364,117],{"class":116},[55,58366,120],{"class":69},[55,58368,7934],{"class":123},[55,58370,103],{"class":69},[55,58372,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58374,117],{"class":116},[55,58376,120],{"class":69},[55,58378,1396],{"class":850},[55,58380,120],{"class":69},[55,58382,7934],{"class":123},[55,58384,1357],{"class":69},[55,58386,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,58388,117],{"class":116},[55,58390,120],{"class":69},[55,58392,7934],{"class":123},[55,58394,198],{"class":69},[55,58396,40856],{"class":123},[55,58398,120],{"class":69},[55,58400,2058],{"class":123},[55,58402,1357],{"class":69},[55,58404,58405,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,58406,117],{"class":116},[55,58408,120],{"class":69},[55,58410,2031],{"class":123},[55,58412,3474],{"class":959},[55,58414,7990],{"class":123},[55,58416,103],{"class":69},[55,58418,58419,58421,58423,58425,58427],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,58420,5551],{"class":959},[55,58422,5554],{"class":61},[55,58424,3474],{"class":959},[55,58426,7990],{"class":61},[55,58428,979],{"class":69},[55,58430,58431,58433,58435,58437,58439,58441],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,58432,985],{"class":116},[55,58434,120],{"class":69},[55,58436,41376],{"class":116},[55,58438,120],{"class":69},[55,58440,22907],{"class":123},[55,58442,1357],{"class":69},[14,58444,58445],{},"These checks can help you see:",[21,58447,58448,58451,58454],{},[24,58449,58450],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[24,58452,58453],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[24,58455,58456],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[14,58458,58459],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[21,58461,58462,58467,58470,58477],{},[24,58463,50089,58464,58466],{},[52,58465,56887],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[24,58468,58469],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[24,58471,10705,58472,58474,58475],{},[52,58473,56892],{}," with string ",[52,58476,56887],{},[24,58478,58479],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[37,58481,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,58483,12304,58485,58487],{"id":58484},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[52,58486,56892],{}," change the list?",[14,58489,58490],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[1425,58492,58494],{"id":58493},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[14,58496,11510,58497,198],{},[52,58498,131],{},[1425,58500,4761,58502,58504],{"id":58501},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[52,58503,56892],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[14,58506,58507],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[1425,58509,14500,58511,58513],{"id":58510},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[52,58512,56892],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[14,58515,41749,58516,3983,58518,58520],{},[52,58517,57433],{},[52,58519,57430],{}," are different values.",[1425,58522,4749,58524,58526,58527,2078],{"id":58523},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[52,58525,3194],{}," sometimes count like ",[52,58528,152],{},[14,58530,8382,58531,58533,58534,3983,58536,58533,58538,198],{},[52,58532,3194],{}," compares equal to ",[52,58535,152],{},[52,58537,3261],{},[52,58539,131],{},[37,58541,1495],{"id":1494},[21,58543,58544,58548,58554,58558,58566,58573],{},[24,58545,58546],{},[194,58547,52367],{"href":50575},[24,58549,58550],{},[194,58551,58553],{"href":58552},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[24,58555,58556],{},[194,58557,6530],{"href":5791},[24,58559,58560],{},[194,58561,55116,58563,10339],{"href":58562},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[52,58564,58565],{},"index()",[24,58567,58568],{},[194,58569,3165,58571],{"href":58570},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[52,58572,889],{},[24,58574,58575],{},[194,58576,58577],{"href":58091},"What is a list in Python",[1524,58579,58580],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":58582},[58583,58584,58586,58587,58588,58594,58600,58602,58610,58621],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":56984,"depth":106,"text":58585},"What list.count() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":37616,"depth":106,"text":37617},{"id":57306,"depth":106,"text":57307,"children":58589},[58590,58591,58593],{"id":57338,"depth":113,"text":57339},{"id":57437,"depth":113,"text":58592},"1 and True can match",{"id":57536,"depth":113,"text":57537},{"id":57614,"depth":106,"text":57615,"children":58595},[58596,58597,58598,58599],{"id":57618,"depth":113,"text":57619},{"id":57697,"depth":113,"text":57698},{"id":57794,"depth":113,"text":57795},{"id":57869,"depth":113,"text":57870},{"id":57970,"depth":106,"text":58601},"When to use count()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":58603},[58604,58605,58607,58608],{"id":58101,"depth":113,"text":58102},{"id":58190,"depth":113,"text":58606},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58277,"depth":113,"text":58278},{"id":58350,"depth":113,"text":58609},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":58611},[58612,58614,58615,58617,58619],{"id":58484,"depth":113,"text":58613},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58493,"depth":113,"text":58494},{"id":58501,"depth":113,"text":58616},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58510,"depth":113,"text":58618},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58523,"depth":113,"text":58620},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56879,"description":58622},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58629,"title":58630,"body":58631,"description":60592,"extension":1546,"meta":60593,"navigation":109,"path":60594,"seo":60595,"stem":60596,"__hash__":60597},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58632,"toc":60555},[58633,58636,58639,58641,58769,58773,58854,58865,58867,58886,58890,58893,58896,58914,58916,58959,58963,58988,58996,59000,59005,59008,59125,59129,59198,59202,59214,59218,59221,59262,59266,59279,59282,59367,59371,59404,59411,59417,59422,59424,59436,59440,59473,59477,59509,59513,59550,59554,59574,59578,59612,59616,59645,59656,59660,59663,59666,59679,59736,59740,59779,59785,59788,59790,59793,59797,59800,59825,59827,59852,59859,59862,59907,59911,59930,59933,59972,59979,59984,60018,60022,60123,60130,60163,60167,60193,60197,60200,60238,60241,60278,60282,60285,60304,60308,60369,60371,60388,60392,60395,60398,60427,60429,60433,60436,60444,60448,60451,60471,60477,60483,60487,60490,60497,60505,60507,60546,60552],[10,58634,58630],{"id":58635},"python-list-creating-a-list",[14,58637,58638],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[37,58640,40],{"id":39},[45,58642,58644],{"className":47,"code":58643,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[52,58645,58646,58666,58698,58706,58724,58728,58738,58748,58759],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58647,58648,58650,58652,58654,58656,58658,58660,58662,58664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58649,243],{"class":61},[55,58651,66],{"class":65},[55,58653,3211],{"class":69},[55,58655,152],{"class":130},[55,58657,83],{"class":69},[55,58659,976],{"class":130},[55,58661,83],{"class":69},[55,58663,2036],{"class":130},[55,58665,386],{"class":69},[55,58667,58668,58670,58672,58674,58676,58678,58680,58682,58684,58686,58688,58690,58692,58694,58696],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58669,636],{"class":61},[55,58671,66],{"class":65},[55,58673,3211],{"class":69},[55,58675,74],{"class":73},[55,58677,645],{"class":77},[55,58679,74],{"class":73},[55,58681,83],{"class":69},[55,58683,86],{"class":73},[55,58685,654],{"class":77},[55,58687,74],{"class":73},[55,58689,83],{"class":69},[55,58691,86],{"class":73},[55,58693,663],{"class":77},[55,58695,74],{"class":73},[55,58697,386],{"class":69},[55,58699,58700,58702,58704],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,58701,55527],{"class":61},[55,58703,66],{"class":65},[55,58705,7433],{"class":69},[55,58707,58708,58710,58712,58714,58716,58718,58720,58722],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,58709,769],{"class":61},[55,58711,66],{"class":65},[55,58713,22156],{"class":850},[55,58715,120],{"class":69},[55,58717,74],{"class":73},[55,58719,41157],{"class":77},[55,58721,74],{"class":73},[55,58723,103],{"class":69},[55,58725,58726],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,58727,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,58729,58730,58732,58734,58736],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,58731,117],{"class":116},[55,58733,120],{"class":69},[55,58735,275],{"class":123},[55,58737,103],{"class":69},[55,58739,58740,58742,58744,58746],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,58741,117],{"class":116},[55,58743,120],{"class":69},[55,58745,680],{"class":123},[55,58747,103],{"class":69},[55,58749,58750,58752,58754,58757],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,58751,117],{"class":116},[55,58753,120],{"class":69},[55,58755,58756],{"class":123},"empty_list",[55,58758,103],{"class":69},[55,58760,58761,58763,58765,58767],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,58762,117],{"class":116},[55,58764,120],{"class":69},[55,58766,812],{"class":123},[55,58768,103],{"class":69},[14,58770,58771],{},[3332,58772,314],{},[45,58774,58776],{"className":47,"code":58775,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[52,58777,58778,58794,58822,58826],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58779,58780,58782,58784,58786,58788,58790,58792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58781,127],{"class":69},[55,58783,152],{"class":130},[55,58785,83],{"class":69},[55,58787,976],{"class":130},[55,58789,83],{"class":69},[55,58791,2036],{"class":130},[55,58793,386],{"class":69},[55,58795,58796,58798,58800,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58797,127],{"class":69},[55,58799,2889],{"class":73},[55,58801,645],{"class":77},[55,58803,2889],{"class":73},[55,58805,83],{"class":69},[55,58807,2884],{"class":73},[55,58809,654],{"class":77},[55,58811,2889],{"class":73},[55,58813,83],{"class":69},[55,58815,2884],{"class":73},[55,58817,663],{"class":77},[55,58819,2889],{"class":73},[55,58821,386],{"class":69},[55,58823,58824],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,58825,37894],{"class":69},[55,58827,58828,58830,58832,58834,58836,58838,58840,58842,58844,58846,58848,58850,58852],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,58829,127],{"class":69},[55,58831,2889],{"class":73},[55,58833,194],{"class":77},[55,58835,2889],{"class":73},[55,58837,83],{"class":69},[55,58839,2884],{"class":73},[55,58841,786],{"class":77},[55,58843,2889],{"class":73},[55,58845,83],{"class":69},[55,58847,2884],{"class":73},[55,58849,795],{"class":77},[55,58851,2889],{"class":73},[55,58853,386],{"class":69},[14,58855,58856,58857,58859,58860,58862,58863,198],{},"Use square brackets ",[52,58858,3377],{}," for most lists. Use ",[52,58861,24378],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[52,58864,35795],{},[37,58866,14760],{"id":14759},[21,58868,58869,58872,58875,58878,58883],{},[24,58870,58871],{},"What a list is in Python",[24,58873,58874],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[24,58876,58877],{},"How to create an empty list",[24,58879,58880,58881,1888],{},"How to create a list with the ",[52,58882,24378],{},[24,58884,58885],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[37,58887,58889],{"id":58888},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[14,58891,58892],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[14,58894,58895],{},"This means:",[21,58897,58898,58901,58904,58907],{},[24,58899,58900],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[24,58902,58903],{},"The order of items is kept",[24,58905,58906],{},"A list can hold different data types",[24,58908,58909,58910,58913],{},"A list is ",[3332,58911,58912],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[14,58915,233],{},[45,58917,58919],{"className":47,"code":58918,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,58920,58921,58945,58949],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58922,58923,58925,58927,58929,58931,58933,58935,58937,58939,58941,58943],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58924,7375],{"class":61},[55,58926,66],{"class":65},[55,58928,3211],{"class":69},[55,58930,74],{"class":73},[55,58932,407],{"class":77},[55,58934,74],{"class":73},[55,58936,83],{"class":69},[55,58938,5598],{"class":130},[55,58940,83],{"class":69},[55,58942,3506],{"class":3443},[55,58944,386],{"class":69},[55,58946,58947],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,58948,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,58950,58951,58953,58955,58957],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,58952,117],{"class":116},[55,58954,120],{"class":69},[55,58956,7404],{"class":123},[55,58958,103],{"class":69},[14,58960,58961],{},[3332,58962,314],{},[45,58964,58966],{"className":47,"code":58965,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[52,58967,58968],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,58969,58970,58972,58974,58976,58978,58980,58982,58984,58986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,58971,127],{"class":69},[55,58973,2889],{"class":73},[55,58975,407],{"class":77},[55,58977,2889],{"class":73},[55,58979,83],{"class":69},[55,58981,5598],{"class":130},[55,58983,83],{"class":69},[55,58985,3506],{"class":3443},[55,58987,386],{"class":69},[14,58989,337,58990,2465,58993,198],{},[194,58991,58992],{"href":50575},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[194,58994,58995],{"href":58091},"What is a List in Python?",[37,58997,58999],{"id":58998},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[14,59001,58856,59002,59004],{},[52,59003,3377],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[14,59006,59007],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[45,59009,59011],{"className":47,"code":59010,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[52,59012,59013,59033,59065,59090,59094,59104,59114],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59014,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025,59027,59029,59031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59016,243],{"class":61},[55,59018,66],{"class":65},[55,59020,3211],{"class":69},[55,59022,152],{"class":130},[55,59024,83],{"class":69},[55,59026,976],{"class":130},[55,59028,83],{"class":69},[55,59030,2036],{"class":130},[55,59032,386],{"class":69},[55,59034,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057,59059,59061,59063],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59036,636],{"class":61},[55,59038,66],{"class":65},[55,59040,3211],{"class":69},[55,59042,74],{"class":73},[55,59044,645],{"class":77},[55,59046,74],{"class":73},[55,59048,83],{"class":69},[55,59050,86],{"class":73},[55,59052,654],{"class":77},[55,59054,74],{"class":73},[55,59056,83],{"class":69},[55,59058,86],{"class":73},[55,59060,663],{"class":77},[55,59062,74],{"class":73},[55,59064,386],{"class":69},[55,59066,59067,59070,59072,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082,59084,59086,59088],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,59068,59069],{"class":61},"mixed ",[55,59071,66],{"class":65},[55,59073,3211],{"class":69},[55,59075,250],{"class":130},[55,59077,83],{"class":69},[55,59079,86],{"class":73},[55,59081,3436],{"class":77},[55,59083,74],{"class":73},[55,59085,83],{"class":69},[55,59087,3497],{"class":3443},[55,59089,386],{"class":69},[55,59091,59092],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,59093,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,59095,59096,59098,59100,59102],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,59097,117],{"class":116},[55,59099,120],{"class":69},[55,59101,275],{"class":123},[55,59103,103],{"class":69},[55,59105,59106,59108,59110,59112],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,59107,117],{"class":116},[55,59109,120],{"class":69},[55,59111,680],{"class":123},[55,59113,103],{"class":69},[55,59115,59116,59118,59120,59123],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,59117,117],{"class":116},[55,59119,120],{"class":69},[55,59121,59122],{"class":123},"mixed",[55,59124,103],{"class":69},[14,59126,59127],{},[3332,59128,314],{},[45,59130,59132],{"className":47,"code":59131,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[52,59133,59134,59150,59178],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59135,59136,59138,59140,59142,59144,59146,59148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59137,127],{"class":69},[55,59139,152],{"class":130},[55,59141,83],{"class":69},[55,59143,976],{"class":130},[55,59145,83],{"class":69},[55,59147,2036],{"class":130},[55,59149,386],{"class":69},[55,59151,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170,59172,59174,59176],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59153,127],{"class":69},[55,59155,2889],{"class":73},[55,59157,645],{"class":77},[55,59159,2889],{"class":73},[55,59161,83],{"class":69},[55,59163,2884],{"class":73},[55,59165,654],{"class":77},[55,59167,2889],{"class":73},[55,59169,83],{"class":69},[55,59171,2884],{"class":73},[55,59173,663],{"class":77},[55,59175,2889],{"class":73},[55,59177,386],{"class":69},[55,59179,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190,59192,59194,59196],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,59181,127],{"class":69},[55,59183,250],{"class":130},[55,59185,83],{"class":69},[55,59187,2884],{"class":73},[55,59189,3436],{"class":77},[55,59191,2889],{"class":73},[55,59193,83],{"class":69},[55,59195,3497],{"class":3443},[55,59197,386],{"class":69},[1425,59199,59201],{"id":59200},"key-points","Key points",[21,59203,59204,59209,59211],{},[24,59205,1440,59206,59208],{},[52,59207,3377],{}," to make a new list",[24,59210,15030],{},[24,59212,59213],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[37,59215,59217],{"id":59216},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[14,59219,59220],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[45,59222,59224],{"className":47,"code":59223,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[52,59225,59226,59234,59238,59248],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59227,59228,59230,59232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59229,7903],{"class":61},[55,59231,66],{"class":65},[55,59233,7433],{"class":69},[55,59235,59236],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59237,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,59239,59240,59242,59244,59246],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,59241,117],{"class":116},[55,59243,120],{"class":69},[55,59245,7934],{"class":123},[55,59247,103],{"class":69},[55,59249,59250,59252,59254,59256,59258,59260],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,59251,117],{"class":116},[55,59253,120],{"class":69},[55,59255,940],{"class":116},[55,59257,120],{"class":69},[55,59259,7934],{"class":123},[55,59261,1357],{"class":69},[14,59263,59264],{},[3332,59265,314],{},[45,59267,59269],{"className":47,"code":59268,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[]\n0\n",[52,59270,59271,59275],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59272,59273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59274,37894],{"class":69},[55,59276,59277],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59278,46850],{"class":130},[14,59280,59281],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[45,59283,59285],{"className":47,"code":59284,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[52,59286,59287,59295,59299,59317,59335,59353,59357],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59288,59289,59291,59293],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59290,636],{"class":61},[55,59292,66],{"class":65},[55,59294,7433],{"class":69},[55,59296,59297],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59298,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,59300,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309,59311,59313,59315],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,59302,680],{"class":61},[55,59304,198],{"class":69},[55,59306,13149],{"class":123},[55,59308,120],{"class":69},[55,59310,74],{"class":73},[55,59312,645],{"class":77},[55,59314,74],{"class":73},[55,59316,103],{"class":69},[55,59318,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,59320,680],{"class":61},[55,59322,198],{"class":69},[55,59324,13149],{"class":123},[55,59326,120],{"class":69},[55,59328,74],{"class":73},[55,59330,654],{"class":77},[55,59332,74],{"class":73},[55,59334,103],{"class":69},[55,59336,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345,59347,59349,59351],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,59338,680],{"class":61},[55,59340,198],{"class":69},[55,59342,13149],{"class":123},[55,59344,120],{"class":69},[55,59346,74],{"class":73},[55,59348,663],{"class":77},[55,59350,74],{"class":73},[55,59352,103],{"class":69},[55,59354,59355],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,59356,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,59358,59359,59361,59363,59365],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,59360,117],{"class":116},[55,59362,120],{"class":69},[55,59364,680],{"class":123},[55,59366,103],{"class":69},[14,59368,59369],{},[3332,59370,314],{},[45,59372,59374],{"className":47,"code":59373,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[52,59375,59376],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59377,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396,59398,59400,59402],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59379,127],{"class":69},[55,59381,2889],{"class":73},[55,59383,645],{"class":77},[55,59385,2889],{"class":73},[55,59387,83],{"class":69},[55,59389,2884],{"class":73},[55,59391,654],{"class":77},[55,59393,2889],{"class":73},[55,59395,83],{"class":69},[55,59397,2884],{"class":73},[55,59399,663],{"class":77},[55,59401,2889],{"class":73},[55,59403,386],{"class":69},[14,59405,59406,59407,198],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[194,59408,59409,10339],{"href":56365},[52,59410,52248],{},[37,59412,59414,59415],{"id":59413},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[52,59416,24378],{},[14,59418,1440,59419,59421],{},[52,59420,24378],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[14,59423,5049],{},[21,59425,59426,59428,59430,59432],{},[24,59427,4901],{},[24,59429,4895],{},[24,59431,4898],{},[24,59433,59434],{},[52,59435,35795],{},[1425,59437,59439],{"id":59438},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[45,59441,59443],{"className":47,"code":59442,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,59444,59445,59463],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59446,59447,59449,59451,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59448,769],{"class":61},[55,59450,66],{"class":65},[55,59452,22156],{"class":850},[55,59454,120],{"class":69},[55,59456,74],{"class":73},[55,59458,41157],{"class":77},[55,59460,74],{"class":73},[55,59462,103],{"class":69},[55,59464,59465,59467,59469,59471],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59466,117],{"class":116},[55,59468,120],{"class":69},[55,59470,812],{"class":123},[55,59472,103],{"class":69},[14,59474,59475],{},[3332,59476,314],{},[45,59478,59479],{"className":47,"code":42472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,59480,59481],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59482,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59484,127],{"class":69},[55,59486,2889],{"class":73},[55,59488,194],{"class":77},[55,59490,2889],{"class":73},[55,59492,83],{"class":69},[55,59494,2884],{"class":73},[55,59496,786],{"class":77},[55,59498,2889],{"class":73},[55,59500,83],{"class":69},[55,59502,2884],{"class":73},[55,59504,795],{"class":77},[55,59506,2889],{"class":73},[55,59508,386],{"class":69},[1425,59510,59512],{"id":59511},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[45,59514,59516],{"className":47,"code":59515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,59517,59518,59540],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59519,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532,59534,59536,59538],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59521,243],{"class":61},[55,59523,66],{"class":65},[55,59525,22156],{"class":850},[55,59527,5103],{"class":69},[55,59529,152],{"class":130},[55,59531,83],{"class":69},[55,59533,976],{"class":130},[55,59535,83],{"class":69},[55,59537,2036],{"class":130},[55,59539,1357],{"class":69},[55,59541,59542,59544,59546,59548],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59543,117],{"class":116},[55,59545,120],{"class":69},[55,59547,275],{"class":123},[55,59549,103],{"class":69},[14,59551,59552],{},[3332,59553,314],{},[45,59555,59556],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,59557,59558],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59559,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59561,127],{"class":69},[55,59563,152],{"class":130},[55,59565,83],{"class":69},[55,59567,976],{"class":130},[55,59569,83],{"class":69},[55,59571,2036],{"class":130},[55,59573,386],{"class":69},[1425,59575,59577],{"id":59576},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[45,59579,59581],{"className":47,"code":59580,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[52,59582,59583,59602],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59584,59585,59587,59589,59591,59593,59596,59598,59600],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59586,3413],{"class":61},[55,59588,66],{"class":65},[55,59590,22156],{"class":850},[55,59592,120],{"class":69},[55,59594,59595],{"class":116},"range",[55,59597,120],{"class":69},[55,59599,817],{"class":130},[55,59601,1357],{"class":69},[55,59603,59604,59606,59608,59610],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59605,117],{"class":116},[55,59607,120],{"class":69},[55,59609,4951],{"class":123},[55,59611,103],{"class":69},[14,59613,59614],{},[3332,59615,314],{},[45,59617,59619],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,59620,59621],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59622,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637,59639,59641,59643],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59624,127],{"class":69},[55,59626,131],{"class":130},[55,59628,83],{"class":69},[55,59630,5090],{"class":130},[55,59632,83],{"class":69},[55,59634,976],{"class":130},[55,59636,83],{"class":69},[55,59638,2036],{"class":130},[55,59640,83],{"class":69},[55,59642,2042],{"class":130},[55,59644,386],{"class":69},[14,59646,59647,59649,59650,198],{},[52,59648,24378],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[194,59651,59653,59655],{"href":59652},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[52,59654,24378],{},": Function Explained",[37,59657,59659],{"id":59658},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[14,59661,59662],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[14,59664,59665],{},"Examples include:",[21,59667,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676],{},[24,59669,4901],{},[24,59671,40020],{},[24,59673,51641],{},[24,59675,40190],{},[24,59677,59678],{},"other lists",[45,59680,59682],{"className":47,"code":59681,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[52,59683,59684,59722,59726],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59685,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714,59716,59718,59720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59687,8763],{"class":61},[55,59689,66],{"class":65},[55,59691,3211],{"class":69},[55,59693,74],{"class":73},[55,59695,645],{"class":77},[55,59697,74],{"class":73},[55,59699,83],{"class":69},[55,59701,8903],{"class":130},[55,59703,83],{"class":69},[55,59705,3506],{"class":3443},[55,59707,83],{"class":69},[55,59709,3211],{"class":69},[55,59711,152],{"class":130},[55,59713,83],{"class":69},[55,59715,976],{"class":130},[55,59717,83],{"class":69},[55,59719,2036],{"class":130},[55,59721,52838],{"class":69},[55,59723,59724],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59725,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,59727,59728,59730,59732,59734],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,59729,117],{"class":116},[55,59731,120],{"class":69},[55,59733,8802],{"class":123},[55,59735,103],{"class":69},[14,59737,59738],{},[3332,59739,314],{},[45,59741,59743],{"className":47,"code":59742,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[52,59744,59745],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59746,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771,59773,59775,59777],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59748,127],{"class":69},[55,59750,2889],{"class":73},[55,59752,645],{"class":77},[55,59754,2889],{"class":73},[55,59756,83],{"class":69},[55,59758,8903],{"class":130},[55,59760,83],{"class":69},[55,59762,3506],{"class":3443},[55,59764,83],{"class":69},[55,59766,3211],{"class":69},[55,59768,152],{"class":130},[55,59770,83],{"class":69},[55,59772,976],{"class":130},[55,59774,83],{"class":69},[55,59776,2036],{"class":130},[55,59778,52838],{"class":69},[14,59780,59781,59782,198],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3332,59783,59784],{},"nested list",[14,59786,59787],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[37,59789,4109],{"id":4108},[14,59791,59792],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[1425,59794,59796],{"id":59795},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[14,59798,59799],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[45,59801,59803],{"className":47,"code":59802,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[52,59804,59805,59809],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59806,59807],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59808,4126],{"class":137},[55,59810,59811,59813,59815,59817,59819,59821,59823],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59812,243],{"class":61},[55,59814,66],{"class":65},[55,59816,3211],{"class":69},[55,59818,152],{"class":130},[55,59820,976],{"class":130},[55,59822,2036],{"class":130},[55,59824,386],{"class":69},[14,59826,10406],{},[45,59828,59830],{"className":47,"code":59829,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,59831,59832],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59833,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844,59846,59848,59850],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59835,243],{"class":61},[55,59837,66],{"class":65},[55,59839,3211],{"class":69},[55,59841,152],{"class":130},[55,59843,83],{"class":69},[55,59845,976],{"class":130},[55,59847,83],{"class":69},[55,59849,2036],{"class":130},[55,59851,386],{"class":69},[1425,59853,8012,59855,1309,59857],{"id":59854},"using-instead-of",[52,59856,6960],{},[52,59858,3377],{},[14,59860,59861],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[45,59863,59865],{"className":47,"code":59864,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[52,59866,59867,59888,59892],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59868,59869,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59870,59871],{"class":61},"my_values ",[55,59873,66],{"class":65},[55,59875,70],{"class":69},[55,59877,152],{"class":130},[55,59879,83],{"class":69},[55,59881,976],{"class":130},[55,59883,83],{"class":69},[55,59885,2036],{"class":130},[55,59887,103],{"class":69},[55,59889,59890],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59891,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,59893,59894,59896,59898,59900,59902,59905],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,59895,117],{"class":116},[55,59897,120],{"class":69},[55,59899,1396],{"class":850},[55,59901,120],{"class":69},[55,59903,59904],{"class":123},"my_values",[55,59906,1357],{"class":69},[14,59908,59909],{},[3332,59910,314],{},[45,59912,59914],{"className":47,"code":59913,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[52,59915,59916],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59917,59918,59920,59922,59924,59926,59928],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59919,2878],{"class":65},[55,59921,2881],{"class":1648},[55,59923,2884],{"class":73},[55,59925,48551],{"class":77},[55,59927,2889],{"class":73},[55,59929,2892],{"class":65},[14,59931,59932],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[45,59934,59936],{"className":47,"code":59935,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[52,59937,59938,59958],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59939,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950,59952,59954,59956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59941,59871],{"class":61},[55,59943,66],{"class":65},[55,59945,3211],{"class":69},[55,59947,152],{"class":130},[55,59949,83],{"class":69},[55,59951,976],{"class":130},[55,59953,83],{"class":69},[55,59955,2036],{"class":130},[55,59957,386],{"class":69},[55,59959,59960,59962,59964,59966,59968,59970],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,59961,117],{"class":116},[55,59963,120],{"class":69},[55,59965,1396],{"class":850},[55,59967,120],{"class":69},[55,59969,59904],{"class":123},[55,59971,1357],{"class":69},[1425,59973,8048,59975,59978],{"id":59974},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[52,59976,59977],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[14,59980,59981,59983],{},[52,59982,24378],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[45,59985,59987],{"className":47,"code":59986,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[52,59988,59989,60008],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,59990,59991,59993,59995,59997,59999,60001,60004,60006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,59992,1814],{"class":61},[55,59994,66],{"class":65},[55,59996,22156],{"class":850},[55,59998,120],{"class":69},[55,60000,74],{"class":73},[55,60002,60003],{"class":77},"hello world",[55,60005,74],{"class":73},[55,60007,103],{"class":69},[55,60009,60010,60012,60014,60016],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,60011,117],{"class":116},[55,60013,120],{"class":69},[55,60015,1849],{"class":123},[55,60017,103],{"class":69},[14,60019,60020],{},[3332,60021,314],{},[45,60023,60025],{"className":47,"code":60024,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[52,60026,60027],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60028,60029,60031,60033,60036,60038,60040,60042,60045,60047,60049,60051,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60064,60066,60068,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60096,60098,60100,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115,60117,60119,60121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60030,127],{"class":69},[55,60032,2889],{"class":73},[55,60034,60035],{"class":77},"h",[55,60037,2889],{"class":73},[55,60039,83],{"class":69},[55,60041,2884],{"class":73},[55,60043,60044],{"class":77},"e",[55,60046,2889],{"class":73},[55,60048,83],{"class":69},[55,60050,2884],{"class":73},[55,60052,60053],{"class":77},"l",[55,60055,2889],{"class":73},[55,60057,83],{"class":69},[55,60059,2884],{"class":73},[55,60061,60053],{"class":77},[55,60063,2889],{"class":73},[55,60065,83],{"class":69},[55,60067,2884],{"class":73},[55,60069,60070],{"class":77},"o",[55,60072,2889],{"class":73},[55,60074,83],{"class":69},[55,60076,2884],{"class":73},[55,60078,2884],{"class":73},[55,60080,83],{"class":69},[55,60082,2884],{"class":73},[55,60084,60085],{"class":77},"w",[55,60087,2889],{"class":73},[55,60089,83],{"class":69},[55,60091,2884],{"class":73},[55,60093,60070],{"class":77},[55,60095,2889],{"class":73},[55,60097,83],{"class":69},[55,60099,2884],{"class":73},[55,60101,60102],{"class":77},"r",[55,60104,2889],{"class":73},[55,60106,83],{"class":69},[55,60108,2884],{"class":73},[55,60110,60053],{"class":77},[55,60112,2889],{"class":73},[55,60114,83],{"class":69},[55,60116,2884],{"class":73},[55,60118,18365],{"class":77},[55,60120,2889],{"class":73},[55,60122,386],{"class":69},[14,60124,60125,60126,60129],{},"If you want words, use ",[52,60127,60128],{},"split()"," instead:",[45,60131,60133],{"className":47,"code":60132,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[52,60134,60135,60153],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60136,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145,60147,60149,60151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60138,3661],{"class":61},[55,60140,66],{"class":65},[55,60142,86],{"class":73},[55,60144,60003],{"class":77},[55,60146,74],{"class":73},[55,60148,198],{"class":69},[55,60150,34068],{"class":123},[55,60152,8239],{"class":69},[55,60154,60155,60157,60159,60161],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,60156,117],{"class":116},[55,60158,120],{"class":69},[55,60160,3702],{"class":123},[55,60162,103],{"class":69},[14,60164,60165],{},[3332,60166,314],{},[45,60168,60170],{"className":47,"code":60169,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['hello', 'world']\n",[52,60171,60172],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60173,60174,60176,60178,60180,60182,60184,60186,60189,60191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60175,127],{"class":69},[55,60177,2889],{"class":73},[55,60179,3436],{"class":77},[55,60181,2889],{"class":73},[55,60183,83],{"class":69},[55,60185,2884],{"class":73},[55,60187,60188],{"class":77},"world",[55,60190,2889],{"class":73},[55,60192,386],{"class":69},[1425,60194,60196],{"id":60195},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[14,60198,60199],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[45,60201,60203],{"className":47,"code":60202,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[52,60204,60205,60209],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60206,60207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60208,4126],{"class":137},[55,60210,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60223,60225,60227,60230,60232,60234,60236],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,60212,636],{"class":61},[55,60214,66],{"class":65},[55,60216,3211],{"class":69},[55,60218,74],{"class":73},[55,60220,645],{"class":77},[55,60222,74],{"class":73},[55,60224,83],{"class":69},[55,60226,86],{"class":73},[55,60228,60229],{"class":77},"Ben', ",[55,60231,74],{"class":73},[55,60233,663],{"class":61},[55,60235,74],{"class":73},[55,60237,386],{"class":77},[14,60239,60240],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[45,60242,60244],{"className":47,"code":60243,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[52,60245,60246],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60247,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270,60272,60274,60276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60249,636],{"class":61},[55,60251,66],{"class":65},[55,60253,3211],{"class":69},[55,60255,74],{"class":73},[55,60257,645],{"class":77},[55,60259,74],{"class":73},[55,60261,83],{"class":69},[55,60263,86],{"class":73},[55,60265,654],{"class":77},[55,60267,74],{"class":73},[55,60269,83],{"class":69},[55,60271,86],{"class":73},[55,60273,663],{"class":77},[55,60275,74],{"class":73},[55,60277,386],{"class":69},[1425,60279,60281],{"id":60280},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[14,60283,60284],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[21,60286,60287,60290,60293,60298],{},[24,60288,60289],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[24,60291,60292],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[24,60294,60295,60296],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[52,60297,24378],{},[24,60299,8048,60300,60303],{},[52,60301,60302],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[1425,60305,60307],{"id":60306},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[45,60309,60311],{"className":47,"code":60310,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[52,60312,60313,60323,60337,60351],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60314,60315,60317,60319,60321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60316,117],{"class":116},[55,60318,120],{"class":69},[55,60320,7934],{"class":123},[55,60322,103],{"class":69},[55,60324,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333,60335],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,60326,117],{"class":116},[55,60328,120],{"class":69},[55,60330,1396],{"class":850},[55,60332,120],{"class":69},[55,60334,7934],{"class":123},[55,60336,1357],{"class":69},[55,60338,60339,60341,60343,60345,60347,60349],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,60340,117],{"class":116},[55,60342,120],{"class":69},[55,60344,940],{"class":116},[55,60346,120],{"class":69},[55,60348,7934],{"class":123},[55,60350,1357],{"class":69},[55,60352,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,60354,117],{"class":116},[55,60356,120],{"class":69},[55,60358,7688],{"class":850},[55,60360,120],{"class":69},[55,60362,59595],{"class":116},[55,60364,120],{"class":69},[55,60366,817],{"class":130},[55,60368,2499],{"class":69},[14,60370,25605],{},[21,60372,60373,60376,60379,60381],{},[24,60374,60375],{},"what the list contains",[24,60377,60378],{},"whether the value is really a list",[24,60380,1413],{},[24,60382,25616,60383,60385,60386],{},[52,60384,24378],{}," does with ",[52,60387,35795],{},[37,60389,60391],{"id":60390},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[14,60393,60394],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[14,60396,60397],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[21,60399,60400,60415,60420],{},[24,60401,1440,60402,1773,60406,16670,60410,60414],{},[194,60403,60404],{"href":56365},[52,60405,52248],{},[194,60407,60408],{"href":52940},[52,60409,53042],{},[194,60411,60412],{"href":53504},[52,60413,53864],{}," to add items later",[24,60416,1440,60417,60419],{},[194,60418,58992],{"href":50575}," for a broader introduction",[24,60421,1440,60422,60426],{},[194,60423,60424,59655],{"href":59652},[52,60425,24378],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[37,60428,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,60430,60432],{"id":60431},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[14,60434,60435],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[45,60437,60438],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,60439,60440],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60441,60442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60443,37894],{"class":69},[1425,60445,60447],{"id":60446},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[14,60449,60450],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[45,60452,60453],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,60454,60455],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60456,60457,60459,60461,60463,60465,60467,60469],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60458,127],{"class":69},[55,60460,152],{"class":130},[55,60462,83],{"class":69},[55,60464,976],{"class":130},[55,60466,83],{"class":69},[55,60468,2036],{"class":130},[55,60470,386],{"class":69},[1425,60472,4733,60474,60476],{"id":60473},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[52,60475,24378],{}," do in Python?",[14,60478,60479,60480,60482],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[52,60481,35795],{},", into a list.",[1425,60484,60486],{"id":60485},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[14,60488,60489],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[1425,60491,4771,60493,3983,60495,2078],{"id":60492},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[52,60494,3377],{},[52,60496,6960],{},[14,60498,60499,60501,60502,60504],{},[52,60500,3377],{}," creates a list. ",[52,60503,6960],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[37,60506,1495],{"id":1494},[21,60508,60509,60513,60519,60525,60531,60537,60541],{},[24,60510,60511],{},[194,60512,58992],{"href":50575},[24,60514,60515],{},[194,60516,55116,60517,10920],{"href":56365},[52,60518,52248],{},[24,60520,60521],{},[194,60522,55116,60523,10920],{"href":52940},[52,60524,53042],{},[24,60526,60527],{},[194,60528,55116,60529,10920],{"href":53504},[52,60530,53864],{},[24,60532,60533],{},[194,60534,3165,60535,3169],{"href":59652},[52,60536,24378],{},[24,60538,60539],{},[194,60540,58995],{"href":58091},[24,60542,60543],{},[194,60544,60545],{"href":11664},"Mutability in Python Explained",[14,60547,60548,60549,60551],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[52,60550,52248],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1524,60553,60554],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":60556},[60557,60558,60559,60560,60563,60564,60570,60571,60581,60582,60591],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":14759,"depth":106,"text":14760},{"id":58888,"depth":106,"text":58889},{"id":58998,"depth":106,"text":58999,"children":60561},[60562],{"id":59200,"depth":113,"text":59201},{"id":59216,"depth":106,"text":59217},{"id":59413,"depth":106,"text":60565,"children":60566},"Create a list with list()",[60567,60568,60569],{"id":59438,"depth":113,"text":59439},{"id":59511,"depth":113,"text":59512},{"id":59576,"depth":113,"text":59577},{"id":59658,"depth":106,"text":59659},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":60572},[60573,60574,60576,60578,60579,60580],{"id":59795,"depth":113,"text":59796},{"id":59854,"depth":113,"text":60575},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59974,"depth":113,"text":60577},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60195,"depth":113,"text":60196},{"id":60280,"depth":113,"text":60281},{"id":60306,"depth":113,"text":60307},{"id":60390,"depth":106,"text":60391},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":60583},[60584,60585,60586,60588,60589],{"id":60431,"depth":113,"text":60432},{"id":60446,"depth":113,"text":60447},{"id":60473,"depth":113,"text":60587},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60485,"depth":113,"text":60486},{"id":60492,"depth":113,"text":60590},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58630,"description":60592},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60599,"title":60600,"body":60601,"description":62341,"extension":1546,"meta":62342,"navigation":109,"path":62343,"seo":62344,"stem":62345,"__hash__":62346},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60602,"toc":62296},[60603,60608,60613,60616,60618,60689,60694,60699,60703,60717,60722,60724,60744,60749,60752,60775,60779,60784,60876,60878,60900,60906,60912,60919,60926,60932,60989,60995,61053,61055,61067,61075,61081,61086,61090,61147,61150,61154,61213,61216,61220,61278,61290,61294,61347,61350,61354,61360,61366,61428,61431,61492,61495,61551,61556,61558,61562,61569,61630,61635,61644,61700,61707,61711,61769,61778,61836,61840,61875,61879,61889,61891,61946,61960,61963,62078,62083,62087,62098,62100,62179,62189,62191,62196,62201,62208,62216,62222,62225,62231,62234,62240,62246,62248,62284,62293],[10,60604,53938,60606,10920],{"id":60605},"python-list-extend-method",[52,60607,53042],{},[14,60609,60610,60612],{},[52,60611,52943],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[14,60614,60615],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[37,60617,1588],{"id":1587},[45,60619,60621],{"className":47,"code":60620,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,60622,60623,60639,60656,60660,60675,60685],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60624,60625,60627,60629,60631,60633,60635,60637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60626,243],{"class":61},[55,60628,66],{"class":65},[55,60630,3211],{"class":69},[55,60632,152],{"class":130},[55,60634,83],{"class":69},[55,60636,976],{"class":130},[55,60638,386],{"class":69},[55,60640,60641,60644,60646,60648,60650,60652,60654],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,60642,60643],{"class":61},"more_numbers ",[55,60645,66],{"class":65},[55,60647,3211],{"class":69},[55,60649,609],{"class":130},[55,60651,83],{"class":69},[55,60653,2042],{"class":130},[55,60655,386],{"class":69},[55,60657,60658],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,60659,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,60661,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670,60673],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,60663,275],{"class":61},[55,60665,198],{"class":69},[55,60667,53072],{"class":123},[55,60669,120],{"class":69},[55,60671,60672],{"class":123},"more_numbers",[55,60674,103],{"class":69},[55,60676,60677,60679,60681,60683],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,60678,117],{"class":116},[55,60680,120],{"class":69},[55,60682,275],{"class":123},[55,60684,103],{"class":69},[55,60686,60687],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,60688,52319],{"class":137},[14,60690,1440,60691,60693],{},[52,60692,53042],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[37,60695,3265,60697,3268],{"id":60696},"what-listextend-does",[52,60698,52943],{},[14,60700,60701,854],{},[52,60702,53042],{},[21,60704,60705,60708,60710,60713],{},[24,60706,60707],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[24,60709,54024],{},[24,60711,60712],{},"Does not create a new list",[24,60714,11022,60715],{},[52,60716,3368],{},[14,60718,60719,60720,53397],{},"This is an important point: ",[52,60721,53042],{},[37,60723,1740],{"id":1739},[45,60725,60727],{"className":47,"code":60726,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[52,60728,60729],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60730,60731,60734,60736,60738,60740,60742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60732,60733],{"class":61},"list_name",[55,60735,198],{"class":69},[55,60737,53072],{"class":123},[55,60739,120],{"class":69},[55,60741,3309],{"class":123},[55,60743,103],{"class":69},[14,60745,5044,60746,60748],{},[3332,60747,3309],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[14,60750,60751],{},"Common iterables include:",[21,60753,60754,60758,60762,60766,60771],{},[24,60755,60756],{},[52,60757,7688],{},[24,60759,60760],{},[52,60761,48551],{},[24,60763,60764],{},[52,60765,5881],{},[24,60767,60768],{},[52,60769,60770],{},"string",[24,60772,60773],{},[52,60774,59595],{},[37,60776,60778],{"id":60777},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[14,60780,60781,60782,854],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[52,60783,53042],{},[45,60785,60787],{"className":47,"code":60786,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[52,60788,60789,60813,60838,60842,60857,60861,60871],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60790,60791,60793,60795,60797,60799,60801,60803,60805,60807,60809,60811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60792,398],{"class":61},[55,60794,66],{"class":65},[55,60796,3211],{"class":69},[55,60798,74],{"class":73},[55,60800,407],{"class":77},[55,60802,74],{"class":73},[55,60804,83],{"class":69},[55,60806,86],{"class":73},[55,60808,416],{"class":77},[55,60810,74],{"class":73},[55,60812,386],{"class":69},[55,60814,60815,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828,60830,60832,60834,60836],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,60816,60817],{"class":61},"more_fruits ",[55,60819,66],{"class":65},[55,60821,3211],{"class":69},[55,60823,74],{"class":73},[55,60825,32820],{"class":77},[55,60827,74],{"class":73},[55,60829,83],{"class":69},[55,60831,86],{"class":73},[55,60833,22129],{"class":77},[55,60835,74],{"class":73},[55,60837,386],{"class":69},[55,60839,60840],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,60841,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,60843,60844,60846,60848,60850,60852,60855],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,60845,442],{"class":61},[55,60847,198],{"class":69},[55,60849,53072],{"class":123},[55,60851,120],{"class":69},[55,60853,60854],{"class":123},"more_fruits",[55,60856,103],{"class":69},[55,60858,60859],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,60860,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,60862,60863,60865,60867,60869],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,60864,117],{"class":116},[55,60866,120],{"class":69},[55,60868,442],{"class":123},[55,60870,103],{"class":69},[55,60872,60873],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,60874,60875],{"class":137},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[14,60877,11282],{},[21,60879,60880,60885,60890],{},[24,60881,60882,60884],{},[52,60883,442],{}," starts with two items",[24,60886,60887,60889],{},[52,60888,60854],{}," has two more items",[24,60891,60892,60894,60895,60897,60898],{},[52,60893,53042],{}," adds each item from ",[52,60896,60854],{}," to ",[52,60899,442],{},[14,60901,60902,60903,60905],{},"After the method runs, ",[52,60904,442],{}," contains all four items.",[14,60907,54163,60908,3983,60910,198],{},[194,60909,52367],{"href":50575},[194,60911,56751],{"href":56750},[37,60913,60915,10183,60917],{"id":60914},"extend-vs-append",[52,60916,53042],{},[52,60918,52248],{},[14,60920,60921,3983,60923,60925],{},[52,60922,53042],{},[52,60924,52248],{}," are often confused.",[1425,60927,60929,60931],{"id":60928},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[52,60930,53042],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[45,60933,60935],{"className":47,"code":60934,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,60936,60937,60953,60971,60975,60985],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,60938,60939,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949,60951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,60940,243],{"class":61},[55,60942,66],{"class":65},[55,60944,3211],{"class":69},[55,60946,152],{"class":130},[55,60948,83],{"class":69},[55,60950,976],{"class":130},[55,60952,386],{"class":69},[55,60954,60955,60957,60959,60961,60963,60965,60967,60969],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,60956,275],{"class":61},[55,60958,198],{"class":69},[55,60960,53072],{"class":123},[55,60962,2573],{"class":69},[55,60964,609],{"class":130},[55,60966,83],{"class":69},[55,60968,2042],{"class":130},[55,60970,282],{"class":69},[55,60972,60973],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,60974,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,60976,60977,60979,60981,60983],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,60978,117],{"class":116},[55,60980,120],{"class":69},[55,60982,275],{"class":123},[55,60984,103],{"class":69},[55,60986,60987],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,60988,52319],{"class":137},[1425,60990,60992,60994],{"id":60991},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[52,60993,52248],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[45,60996,60998],{"className":47,"code":60997,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[52,60999,61000,61016,61034,61038,61048],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61001,61002,61004,61006,61008,61010,61012,61014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61003,243],{"class":61},[55,61005,66],{"class":65},[55,61007,3211],{"class":69},[55,61009,152],{"class":130},[55,61011,83],{"class":69},[55,61013,976],{"class":130},[55,61015,386],{"class":69},[55,61017,61018,61020,61022,61024,61026,61028,61030,61032],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61019,275],{"class":61},[55,61021,198],{"class":69},[55,61023,13149],{"class":123},[55,61025,2573],{"class":69},[55,61027,609],{"class":130},[55,61029,83],{"class":69},[55,61031,2042],{"class":130},[55,61033,282],{"class":69},[55,61035,61036],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61037,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61039,61040,61042,61044,61046],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61041,117],{"class":116},[55,61043,120],{"class":69},[55,61045,275],{"class":123},[55,61047,103],{"class":69},[55,61049,61050],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61051,61052],{"class":137},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[14,61054,18292],{},[21,61056,61057,61062],{},[24,61058,61059,61061],{},[52,61060,53042],{}," to combine values",[24,61063,61064,61066],{},[52,61065,52248],{}," to add one item",[14,61068,41690,61069,3983,61073,198],{},[194,61070,55116,61071,10339],{"href":56365},[52,61072,52248],{},[194,61074,52645],{"href":52644},[37,61076,8012,61078,61080],{"id":61077},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[52,61079,53042],{}," with different iterables",[14,61082,61083,61085],{},[52,61084,53042],{}," works with more than just lists.",[1425,61087,61089],{"id":61088},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[45,61091,61093],{"className":47,"code":61092,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,61094,61095,61111,61129,61133,61143],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61096,61097,61099,61101,61103,61105,61107,61109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61098,3413],{"class":61},[55,61100,66],{"class":65},[55,61102,3211],{"class":69},[55,61104,152],{"class":130},[55,61106,83],{"class":69},[55,61108,976],{"class":130},[55,61110,386],{"class":69},[55,61112,61113,61115,61117,61119,61121,61123,61125,61127],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61114,4951],{"class":61},[55,61116,198],{"class":69},[55,61118,53072],{"class":123},[55,61120,5103],{"class":69},[55,61122,609],{"class":130},[55,61124,83],{"class":69},[55,61126,2042],{"class":130},[55,61128,1357],{"class":69},[55,61130,61131],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61132,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61134,61135,61137,61139,61141],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61136,117],{"class":116},[55,61138,120],{"class":69},[55,61140,4951],{"class":123},[55,61142,103],{"class":69},[55,61144,61145],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61146,52319],{"class":137},[14,61148,61149],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1425,61151,61153],{"id":61152},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[45,61155,61157],{"className":47,"code":61156,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[52,61158,61159,61175,61194,61198,61208],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61160,61161,61163,61165,61167,61169,61171,61173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61162,769],{"class":61},[55,61164,66],{"class":65},[55,61166,3211],{"class":69},[55,61168,74],{"class":73},[55,61170,194],{"class":77},[55,61172,74],{"class":73},[55,61174,386],{"class":69},[55,61176,61177,61179,61181,61183,61185,61187,61190,61192],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61178,812],{"class":61},[55,61180,198],{"class":69},[55,61182,53072],{"class":123},[55,61184,120],{"class":69},[55,61186,74],{"class":73},[55,61188,61189],{"class":77},"bc",[55,61191,74],{"class":73},[55,61193,103],{"class":69},[55,61195,61196],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61197,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61199,61200,61202,61204,61206],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61201,117],{"class":116},[55,61203,120],{"class":69},[55,61205,812],{"class":123},[55,61207,103],{"class":69},[55,61209,61210],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61211,61212],{"class":137},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[14,61214,61215],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[1425,61217,61219],{"id":61218},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[45,61221,61223],{"className":47,"code":61222,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[52,61224,61225,61237,61259,61263,61273],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61226,61227,61229,61231,61233,61235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61228,243],{"class":61},[55,61230,66],{"class":65},[55,61232,3211],{"class":69},[55,61234,131],{"class":130},[55,61236,386],{"class":69},[55,61238,61239,61241,61243,61245,61247,61249,61251,61253,61255,61257],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61240,275],{"class":61},[55,61242,198],{"class":69},[55,61244,53072],{"class":123},[55,61246,120],{"class":69},[55,61248,59595],{"class":116},[55,61250,120],{"class":69},[55,61252,152],{"class":130},[55,61254,83],{"class":69},[55,61256,2042],{"class":130},[55,61258,1357],{"class":69},[55,61260,61261],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61262,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61264,61265,61267,61269,61271],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61266,117],{"class":116},[55,61268,120],{"class":69},[55,61270,275],{"class":123},[55,61272,103],{"class":69},[55,61274,61275],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61276,61277],{"class":137},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[14,61279,61280,61283,61284,1773,61286,16670,61288,198],{},[52,61281,61282],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[52,61285,152],{},[52,61287,309],{},[52,61289,609],{},[1425,61291,61293],{"id":61292},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[45,61295,61297],{"className":47,"code":61296,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,61298,61299,61315,61333,61337],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61300,61301,61303,61305,61307,61309,61311,61313],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61302,7375],{"class":61},[55,61304,66],{"class":65},[55,61306,3211],{"class":69},[55,61308,152],{"class":130},[55,61310,83],{"class":69},[55,61312,976],{"class":130},[55,61314,386],{"class":69},[55,61316,61317,61319,61321,61323,61325,61327,61329,61331],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61318,7404],{"class":61},[55,61320,198],{"class":69},[55,61322,53072],{"class":123},[55,61324,5122],{"class":69},[55,61326,609],{"class":130},[55,61328,83],{"class":69},[55,61330,2042],{"class":130},[55,61332,30094],{"class":69},[55,61334,61335],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61336,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61338,61339,61341,61343,61345],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61340,117],{"class":116},[55,61342,120],{"class":69},[55,61344,7404],{"class":123},[55,61346,103],{"class":69},[14,61348,61349],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[37,61351,61353],{"id":61352},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[14,61355,61356,1981,61358,198],{},[52,61357,53042],{},[52,61359,3368],{},[14,61361,61362,61363,854],{},"That means this is ",[3332,61364,61365],{},"wrong",[45,61367,61369],{"className":47,"code":61368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[52,61370,61371,61387,61409,61413,61423],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61372,61373,61375,61377,61379,61381,61383,61385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61374,243],{"class":61},[55,61376,66],{"class":65},[55,61378,3211],{"class":69},[55,61380,152],{"class":130},[55,61382,83],{"class":69},[55,61384,976],{"class":130},[55,61386,386],{"class":69},[55,61388,61389,61391,61393,61395,61397,61399,61401,61403,61405,61407],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61390,1814],{"class":61},[55,61392,66],{"class":65},[55,61394,3852],{"class":61},[55,61396,198],{"class":69},[55,61398,53072],{"class":123},[55,61400,2573],{"class":69},[55,61402,609],{"class":130},[55,61404,83],{"class":69},[55,61406,2042],{"class":130},[55,61408,282],{"class":69},[55,61410,61411],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61412,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61414,61415,61417,61419,61421],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61416,117],{"class":116},[55,61418,120],{"class":69},[55,61420,1849],{"class":123},[55,61422,103],{"class":69},[55,61424,61425],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61426,61427],{"class":137},"# None\n",[14,61429,61430],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[45,61432,61434],{"className":47,"code":61433,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[52,61435,61436,61452,61474,61478,61488],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61437,61438,61440,61442,61444,61446,61448,61450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61439,243],{"class":61},[55,61441,66],{"class":65},[55,61443,3211],{"class":69},[55,61445,152],{"class":130},[55,61447,83],{"class":69},[55,61449,976],{"class":130},[55,61451,386],{"class":69},[55,61453,61454,61456,61458,61460,61462,61464,61466,61468,61470,61472],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61455,243],{"class":61},[55,61457,66],{"class":65},[55,61459,3852],{"class":61},[55,61461,198],{"class":69},[55,61463,53072],{"class":123},[55,61465,2573],{"class":69},[55,61467,609],{"class":130},[55,61469,83],{"class":69},[55,61471,2042],{"class":130},[55,61473,282],{"class":69},[55,61475,61476],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61477,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61479,61480,61482,61484,61486],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61481,117],{"class":116},[55,61483,120],{"class":69},[55,61485,275],{"class":123},[55,61487,103],{"class":69},[55,61489,61490],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61491,61427],{"class":137},[14,61493,61494],{},"The correct way is:",[45,61496,61497],{"className":47,"code":60934,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,61498,61499,61515,61533,61537,61547],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61500,61501,61503,61505,61507,61509,61511,61513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61502,243],{"class":61},[55,61504,66],{"class":65},[55,61506,3211],{"class":69},[55,61508,152],{"class":130},[55,61510,83],{"class":69},[55,61512,976],{"class":130},[55,61514,386],{"class":69},[55,61516,61517,61519,61521,61523,61525,61527,61529,61531],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61518,275],{"class":61},[55,61520,198],{"class":69},[55,61522,53072],{"class":123},[55,61524,2573],{"class":69},[55,61526,609],{"class":130},[55,61528,83],{"class":69},[55,61530,2042],{"class":130},[55,61532,282],{"class":69},[55,61534,61535],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61536,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61538,61539,61541,61543,61545],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61540,117],{"class":116},[55,61542,120],{"class":69},[55,61544,275],{"class":123},[55,61546,103],{"class":69},[55,61548,61549],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61550,52319],{"class":137},[14,61552,55505,61553,61555],{},[52,61554,53042],{}," first, then use the original list.",[37,61557,4109],{"id":4108},[14,61559,14330,61560,198],{},[52,61561,53042],{},[1425,61563,61565,61566,61568],{"id":61564},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[52,61567,53042],{}," to return a new list",[45,61570,61572],{"className":47,"code":61571,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[52,61573,61574,61590,61612,61616,61626],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61575,61576,61578,61580,61582,61584,61586,61588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61577,243],{"class":61},[55,61579,66],{"class":65},[55,61581,3211],{"class":69},[55,61583,152],{"class":130},[55,61585,83],{"class":69},[55,61587,976],{"class":130},[55,61589,386],{"class":69},[55,61591,61592,61594,61596,61598,61600,61602,61604,61606,61608,61610],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61593,55238],{"class":61},[55,61595,66],{"class":65},[55,61597,3852],{"class":61},[55,61599,198],{"class":69},[55,61601,53072],{"class":123},[55,61603,2573],{"class":69},[55,61605,609],{"class":130},[55,61607,83],{"class":69},[55,61609,2042],{"class":130},[55,61611,282],{"class":69},[55,61613,61614],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61615,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61617,61618,61620,61622,61624],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61619,117],{"class":116},[55,61621,120],{"class":69},[55,61623,55257],{"class":123},[55,61625,103],{"class":69},[55,61627,61628],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61629,61427],{"class":137},[14,61631,61632,61633,198],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[52,61634,53042],{},[1425,61636,61638,61639,44227,61641,61643],{"id":61637},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[52,61640,52248],{},[52,61642,53042],{}," is needed",[45,61645,61646],{"className":47,"code":60997,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,61647,61648,61664,61682,61686,61696],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61649,61650,61652,61654,61656,61658,61660,61662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61651,243],{"class":61},[55,61653,66],{"class":65},[55,61655,3211],{"class":69},[55,61657,152],{"class":130},[55,61659,83],{"class":69},[55,61661,976],{"class":130},[55,61663,386],{"class":69},[55,61665,61666,61668,61670,61672,61674,61676,61678,61680],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61667,275],{"class":61},[55,61669,198],{"class":69},[55,61671,13149],{"class":123},[55,61673,2573],{"class":69},[55,61675,609],{"class":130},[55,61677,83],{"class":69},[55,61679,2042],{"class":130},[55,61681,282],{"class":69},[55,61683,61684],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61685,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61687,61688,61690,61692,61694],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61689,117],{"class":116},[55,61691,120],{"class":69},[55,61693,275],{"class":123},[55,61695,103],{"class":69},[55,61697,61698],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61699,61052],{"class":137},[14,61701,61702,61703,53487,61705,6226],{},"If you wanted ",[52,61704,53486],{},[52,61706,53042],{},[1425,61708,61710],{"id":61709},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[45,61712,61714],{"className":47,"code":61713,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[52,61715,61716,61732,61750,61754,61764],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61717,61718,61720,61722,61724,61726,61728,61730],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61719,3661],{"class":61},[55,61721,66],{"class":65},[55,61723,3211],{"class":69},[55,61725,74],{"class":73},[55,61727,3436],{"class":77},[55,61729,74],{"class":73},[55,61731,386],{"class":69},[55,61733,61734,61736,61738,61740,61742,61744,61746,61748],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61735,3702],{"class":61},[55,61737,198],{"class":69},[55,61739,53072],{"class":123},[55,61741,120],{"class":69},[55,61743,74],{"class":73},[55,61745,60188],{"class":77},[55,61747,74],{"class":73},[55,61749,103],{"class":69},[55,61751,61752],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61753,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61755,61756,61758,61760,61762],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61757,117],{"class":116},[55,61759,120],{"class":69},[55,61761,3702],{"class":123},[55,61763,103],{"class":69},[55,61765,61766],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61767,61768],{"class":137},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[14,61770,61771,61772,61775,61776,854],{},"If you want ",[52,61773,61774],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[52,61777,52248],{},[45,61779,61781],{"className":47,"code":61780,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[52,61782,61783,61799,61817,61821,61831],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61784,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793,61795,61797],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61786,3661],{"class":61},[55,61788,66],{"class":65},[55,61790,3211],{"class":69},[55,61792,74],{"class":73},[55,61794,3436],{"class":77},[55,61796,74],{"class":73},[55,61798,386],{"class":69},[55,61800,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811,61813,61815],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61802,3702],{"class":61},[55,61804,198],{"class":69},[55,61806,13149],{"class":123},[55,61808,120],{"class":69},[55,61810,74],{"class":73},[55,61812,60188],{"class":77},[55,61814,74],{"class":73},[55,61816,103],{"class":69},[55,61818,61819],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61820,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,61822,61823,61825,61827,61829],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61824,117],{"class":116},[55,61826,120],{"class":69},[55,61828,3702],{"class":123},[55,61830,103],{"class":69},[55,61832,61833],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,61834,61835],{"class":137},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[1425,61837,61839],{"id":61838},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[45,61841,61843],{"className":47,"code":61842,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[52,61844,61845,61861],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61846,61847,61849,61851,61853,61855,61857,61859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61848,243],{"class":61},[55,61850,66],{"class":65},[55,61852,3211],{"class":69},[55,61854,152],{"class":130},[55,61856,83],{"class":69},[55,61858,976],{"class":130},[55,61860,386],{"class":69},[55,61862,61863,61865,61867,61869,61871,61873],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61864,275],{"class":61},[55,61866,198],{"class":69},[55,61868,53072],{"class":123},[55,61870,120],{"class":69},[55,61872,817],{"class":130},[55,61874,103],{"class":69},[14,61876,39249,61877,6146],{},[52,61878,817],{},[14,61880,61881,61882,61884,61885,61888],{},"You will get a ",[52,61883,2592],{},". See ",[194,61886,61887],{"href":52195},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[14,61890,1326],{},[45,61892,61894],{"className":47,"code":61893,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[52,61895,61896,61906,61920,61932],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61897,61898,61900,61902,61904],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61899,117],{"class":116},[55,61901,120],{"class":69},[55,61903,7934],{"class":123},[55,61905,103],{"class":69},[55,61907,61908,61910,61912,61914,61916,61918],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61909,117],{"class":116},[55,61911,120],{"class":69},[55,61913,1396],{"class":850},[55,61915,120],{"class":69},[55,61917,4951],{"class":123},[55,61919,1357],{"class":69},[55,61921,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,61923,117],{"class":116},[55,61925,120],{"class":69},[55,61927,1849],{"class":123},[55,61929,970],{"class":69},[55,61931,103],{"class":61},[55,61933,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,61935,31751],{"class":116},[55,61937,120],{"class":69},[55,61939,7688],{"class":850},[55,61941,198],{"class":69},[55,61943,53072],{"class":24347},[55,61945,103],{"class":69},[43177,61947,61948],{},[14,61949,61950,61951,61954,61955,61957,61958,198],{},"Note: ",[52,61952,61953],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[52,61956,970],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[52,61959,32626],{},[14,61961,61962],{},"Correct debugging example:",[45,61964,61966],{"className":47,"code":61965,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[52,61967,61968,61984,62000,62004,62018,62022,62030,62040,62054,62064],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,61969,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978,61980,61982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,61971,7903],{"class":61},[55,61973,66],{"class":65},[55,61975,3211],{"class":69},[55,61977,152],{"class":130},[55,61979,83],{"class":69},[55,61981,976],{"class":130},[55,61983,386],{"class":69},[55,61985,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994,61996,61998],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,61987,3413],{"class":61},[55,61989,66],{"class":65},[55,61991,3211],{"class":69},[55,61993,609],{"class":130},[55,61995,83],{"class":69},[55,61997,2042],{"class":130},[55,61999,386],{"class":69},[55,62001,62002],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,62003,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,62005,62006,62008,62010,62012,62014,62016],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,62007,7934],{"class":61},[55,62009,198],{"class":69},[55,62011,53072],{"class":123},[55,62013,120],{"class":69},[55,62015,4951],{"class":123},[55,62017,103],{"class":69},[55,62019,62020],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,62021,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,62023,62024,62026,62028],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,62025,1814],{"class":61},[55,62027,66],{"class":65},[55,62029,48125],{"class":3443},[55,62031,62032,62034,62036,62038],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,62033,117],{"class":116},[55,62035,120],{"class":69},[55,62037,7934],{"class":123},[55,62039,103],{"class":69},[55,62041,62042,62044,62046,62048,62050,62052],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,62043,117],{"class":116},[55,62045,120],{"class":69},[55,62047,1396],{"class":850},[55,62049,120],{"class":69},[55,62051,4951],{"class":123},[55,62053,1357],{"class":69},[55,62055,62056,62058,62060,62062],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,62057,117],{"class":116},[55,62059,120],{"class":69},[55,62061,1849],{"class":123},[55,62063,103],{"class":69},[55,62065,62066,62068,62070,62072,62074,62076],{"class":57,"line":6031},[55,62067,31751],{"class":116},[55,62069,120],{"class":69},[55,62071,7688],{"class":850},[55,62073,198],{"class":69},[55,62075,53072],{"class":24347},[55,62077,103],{"class":69},[37,62079,4553,62081],{"id":62080},"when-to-use-extend",[52,62082,53042],{},[14,62084,1440,62085,5912],{},[52,62086,53042],{},[21,62088,62089,62092,62095],{},[24,62090,62091],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[24,62093,62094],{},"Add multiple values at once",[24,62096,62097],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[14,62099,5064],{},[45,62101,62103],{"className":47,"code":62102,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[52,62104,62105,62122,62140,62144,62160,62164,62174],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62106,62107,62110,62112,62114,62116,62118,62120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62108,62109],{"class":61},"all_scores ",[55,62111,66],{"class":65},[55,62113,3211],{"class":69},[55,62115,13098],{"class":130},[55,62117,83],{"class":69},[55,62119,13103],{"class":130},[55,62121,386],{"class":69},[55,62123,62124,62127,62129,62131,62133,62135,62138],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62125,62126],{"class":61},"new_scores ",[55,62128,66],{"class":65},[55,62130,3211],{"class":69},[55,62132,51100],{"class":130},[55,62134,83],{"class":69},[55,62136,62137],{"class":130}," 92",[55,62139,386],{"class":69},[55,62141,62142],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,62143,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,62145,62146,62149,62151,62153,62155,62158],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,62147,62148],{"class":61},"all_scores",[55,62150,198],{"class":69},[55,62152,53072],{"class":123},[55,62154,120],{"class":69},[55,62156,62157],{"class":123},"new_scores",[55,62159,103],{"class":69},[55,62161,62162],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,62163,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,62165,62166,62168,62170,62172],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,62167,117],{"class":116},[55,62169,120],{"class":69},[55,62171,62148],{"class":123},[55,62173,103],{"class":69},[55,62175,62176],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,62177,62178],{"class":137},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[14,62180,62181,62182,62184,62185,198],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[52,62183,52248],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[194,62186,55116,62187,10339],{"href":53504},[52,62188,53864],{},[37,62190,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,62192,12304,62194,55065],{"id":62193},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[52,62195,52943],{},[14,62197,62198,62199,198],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[52,62200,3368],{},[1425,62202,4771,62204,3983,62206,2078],{"id":62203},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[52,62205,53042],{},[52,62207,52248],{},[14,62209,62210,62212,62213,62215],{},[52,62211,53042],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[52,62214,52248],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[1425,62217,27925,62219,62221],{"id":62218},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[52,62220,53042],{}," with a string?",[14,62223,62224],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[1425,62226,27925,62228,62230],{"id":62227},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[52,62229,53042],{}," with a tuple?",[14,62232,62233],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[1425,62235,62237,62238,2078],{"id":62236},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[52,62239,53042],{},[14,62241,62242,62243,62245],{},"You get a ",[52,62244,2592],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[37,62247,1495],{"id":1494},[21,62249,62250,62256,62260,62264,62268,62274,62278],{},[24,62251,62252],{},[194,62253,55116,62254,10339],{"href":56365},[52,62255,52248],{},[24,62257,62258],{},[194,62259,53874],{"href":52644},[24,62261,62262],{},[194,62263,56825],{"href":56750},[24,62265,62266],{},[194,62267,52367],{"href":50575},[24,62269,62270],{},[194,62271,55116,62272,10339],{"href":53504},[52,62273,53864],{},[24,62275,62276],{},[194,62277,61887],{"href":52195},[24,62279,62280],{},[194,62281,55116,62282,10339],{"href":54556},[52,62283,12377],{},[14,62285,62286,62287,62289,62290,62292],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[52,62288,52248],{},", when to use ",[52,62291,53864],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1524,62294,62295],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":62297},[62298,62299,62301,62302,62303,62310,62317,62318,62326,62328,62340],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":60696,"depth":106,"text":62300},"What list.extend() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":60777,"depth":106,"text":60778},{"id":60914,"depth":106,"text":62304,"children":62305},"extend() vs append()",[62306,62308],{"id":60928,"depth":113,"text":62307},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60991,"depth":113,"text":62309},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61077,"depth":106,"text":62311,"children":62312},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62313,62314,62315,62316],{"id":61088,"depth":113,"text":61089},{"id":61152,"depth":113,"text":61153},{"id":61218,"depth":113,"text":61219},{"id":61292,"depth":113,"text":61293},{"id":61352,"depth":106,"text":61353},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":62319},[62320,62322,62324,62325],{"id":61564,"depth":113,"text":62321},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61637,"depth":113,"text":62323},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61709,"depth":113,"text":61710},{"id":61838,"depth":113,"text":61839},{"id":62080,"depth":106,"text":62327},"When to use extend()",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":62329},[62330,62332,62334,62336,62338],{"id":62193,"depth":113,"text":62331},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62203,"depth":113,"text":62333},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62218,"depth":113,"text":62335},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62227,"depth":113,"text":62337},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62236,"depth":113,"text":62339},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60600,"description":62341},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62348,"title":62349,"body":62350,"description":64441,"extension":1546,"meta":64442,"navigation":109,"path":64443,"seo":64444,"stem":64445,"__hash__":64446},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62351,"toc":64404},[62352,62355,62360,62366,62377,62383,62385,62454,62456,62505,62513,62517,62522,62525,62536,62541,62543,62545,62566,62579,62582,62595,62597,62602,62627,62629,62637,62640,62709,62711,62735,62741,62745,62749,62785,62787,62807,62814,62818,62851,62853,62887,62892,62896,62929,62931,62959,62967,62971,63008,63010,63031,63034,63038,63107,63109,63133,63139,63146,63150,63153,63155,63169,63172,63196,63198,63223,63226,63245,63247,63273,63282,63286,63293,63370,63372,63413,63419,63425,63516,63518,63574,63577,63582,63586,63591,63595,63654,63656,63681,63685,63748,63750,63775,63779,63842,63844,63887,63890,63894,63898,63920,63924,64006,64008,64043,64051,64053,64057,64061,64063,64090,64095,64097,64124,64131,64134,64157,64159,64208,64211,64214,64233,64237,64240,64291,64294,64300,64304,64309,64312,64314,64320,64329,64333,64339,64343,64346,64350,64353,64357,64363,64365,64401],[10,62353,62349],{"id":62354},"python-list-function-explained",[14,62356,8720,62357,62359],{},[52,62358,24378],{}," function creates a new list.",[14,62361,62362,62363,62365],{},"Beginners usually use ",[52,62364,24378],{}," for two main reasons:",[21,62367,62368,62371],{},[24,62369,62370],{},"to make an empty list",[24,62372,62373,62374,62376],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[52,62375,59595],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[14,62378,62379,62380,62382],{},"This page explains how ",[52,62381,24378],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[37,62384,1588],{"id":1587},[45,62386,62388],{"className":47,"code":62387,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[52,62389,62390,62412,62430,62434,62444],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62391,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406,62408,62410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62393,243],{"class":61},[55,62395,66],{"class":65},[55,62397,22156],{"class":850},[55,62399,5103],{"class":69},[55,62401,152],{"class":130},[55,62403,83],{"class":69},[55,62405,976],{"class":130},[55,62407,83],{"class":69},[55,62409,2036],{"class":130},[55,62411,1357],{"class":69},[55,62413,62414,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424,62426,62428],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62415,769],{"class":61},[55,62417,66],{"class":65},[55,62419,22156],{"class":850},[55,62421,120],{"class":69},[55,62423,74],{"class":73},[55,62425,41157],{"class":77},[55,62427,74],{"class":73},[55,62429,103],{"class":69},[55,62431,62432],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,62433,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,62435,62436,62438,62440,62442],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,62437,117],{"class":116},[55,62439,120],{"class":69},[55,62441,275],{"class":123},[55,62443,103],{"class":69},[55,62445,62446,62448,62450,62452],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,62447,117],{"class":116},[55,62449,120],{"class":69},[55,62451,812],{"class":123},[55,62453,103],{"class":69},[14,62455,314],{},[45,62457,62459],{"className":47,"code":62458,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[52,62460,62461,62477],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62462,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62464,127],{"class":69},[55,62466,152],{"class":130},[55,62468,83],{"class":69},[55,62470,976],{"class":130},[55,62472,83],{"class":69},[55,62474,2036],{"class":130},[55,62476,386],{"class":69},[55,62478,62479,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499,62501,62503],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62480,127],{"class":69},[55,62482,2889],{"class":73},[55,62484,194],{"class":77},[55,62486,2889],{"class":73},[55,62488,83],{"class":69},[55,62490,2884],{"class":73},[55,62492,786],{"class":77},[55,62494,2889],{"class":73},[55,62496,83],{"class":69},[55,62498,2884],{"class":73},[55,62500,795],{"class":77},[55,62502,2889],{"class":73},[55,62504,386],{"class":69},[14,62506,1440,62507,62509,62510,62512],{},[52,62508,24378],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[52,62511,59595],{},", set, or dictionary.",[37,62514,62516],{"id":62515},"what-list-does","What list() does",[14,62518,62519,62521],{},[52,62520,24378],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[14,62523,62524],{},"It can:",[21,62526,62527,62530,62533],{},[24,62528,62529],{},"create a new list object",[24,62531,62532],{},"make an empty list",[24,62534,62535],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[14,62537,62538,62539,198],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[194,62540,52367],{"href":50575},[37,62542,1740],{"id":1739},[14,62544,26083],{},[45,62546,62548],{"className":47,"code":62547,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[52,62549,62550,62556],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62551,62552,62554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62553,7688],{"class":850},[55,62555,8239],{"class":69},[55,62557,62558,62560,62562,62564],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62559,7688],{"class":850},[55,62561,120],{"class":69},[55,62563,3309],{"class":123},[55,62565,103],{"class":69},[21,62567,62568,62573],{},[24,62569,62570,62572],{},[52,62571,24378],{}," makes an empty list",[24,62574,62575,62578],{},[52,62576,62577],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[14,62580,62581],{},"Common iterable values include:",[21,62583,62584,62586,62588,62590,62593],{},[24,62585,4901],{},[24,62587,4895],{},[24,62589,4898],{},[24,62591,62592],{},"ranges",[24,62594,6845],{},[37,62596,59217],{"id":59216},[14,62598,1440,62599,62601],{},[52,62600,24378],{}," with no arguments:",[45,62603,62605],{"className":47,"code":62604,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[52,62606,62607,62617],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62608,62609,62611,62613,62615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62610,7375],{"class":61},[55,62612,66],{"class":65},[55,62614,22156],{"class":850},[55,62616,8239],{"class":69},[55,62618,62619,62621,62623,62625],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62620,117],{"class":116},[55,62622,120],{"class":69},[55,62624,7404],{"class":123},[55,62626,103],{"class":69},[14,62628,314],{},[45,62630,62631],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,62632,62633],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62634,62635],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62636,37894],{"class":69},[14,62638,62639],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[45,62641,62643],{"className":47,"code":62642,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,62644,62645,62655,62659,62677,62695,62699],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62646,62647,62649,62651,62653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62648,7375],{"class":61},[55,62650,66],{"class":65},[55,62652,22156],{"class":850},[55,62654,8239],{"class":69},[55,62656,62657],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62658,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,62660,62661,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671,62673,62675],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,62662,7404],{"class":61},[55,62664,198],{"class":69},[55,62666,13149],{"class":123},[55,62668,120],{"class":69},[55,62670,74],{"class":73},[55,62672,407],{"class":77},[55,62674,74],{"class":73},[55,62676,103],{"class":69},[55,62678,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689,62691,62693],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,62680,7404],{"class":61},[55,62682,198],{"class":69},[55,62684,13149],{"class":123},[55,62686,120],{"class":69},[55,62688,74],{"class":73},[55,62690,416],{"class":77},[55,62692,74],{"class":73},[55,62694,103],{"class":69},[55,62696,62697],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,62698,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,62700,62701,62703,62705,62707],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,62702,117],{"class":116},[55,62704,120],{"class":69},[55,62706,7404],{"class":123},[55,62708,103],{"class":69},[14,62710,314],{},[45,62712,62713],{"className":47,"code":38018,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,62714,62715],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62716,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727,62729,62731,62733],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62718,127],{"class":69},[55,62720,2889],{"class":73},[55,62722,407],{"class":77},[55,62724,2889],{"class":73},[55,62726,83],{"class":69},[55,62728,2884],{"class":73},[55,62730,416],{"class":77},[55,62732,2889],{"class":73},[55,62734,386],{"class":69},[14,62736,62737,62738,62740],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[52,62739,3377],{},". Both are valid.",[37,62742,62744],{"id":62743},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[1425,62746,62748],{"id":62747},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[45,62750,62751],{"className":47,"code":59515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,62752,62753,62775],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62754,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769,62771,62773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62756,243],{"class":61},[55,62758,66],{"class":65},[55,62760,22156],{"class":850},[55,62762,5103],{"class":69},[55,62764,152],{"class":130},[55,62766,83],{"class":69},[55,62768,976],{"class":130},[55,62770,83],{"class":69},[55,62772,2036],{"class":130},[55,62774,1357],{"class":69},[55,62776,62777,62779,62781,62783],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62778,117],{"class":116},[55,62780,120],{"class":69},[55,62782,275],{"class":123},[55,62784,103],{"class":69},[14,62786,314],{},[45,62788,62789],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,62790,62791],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62792,62793,62795,62797,62799,62801,62803,62805],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62794,127],{"class":69},[55,62796,152],{"class":130},[55,62798,83],{"class":69},[55,62800,976],{"class":130},[55,62802,83],{"class":69},[55,62804,2036],{"class":130},[55,62806,386],{"class":69},[14,62808,62809,62810,198],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[194,62811,62813],{"href":62812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[1425,62815,62817],{"id":62816},"string-to-list","String to list",[45,62819,62821],{"className":47,"code":62820,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,62822,62823,62841],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62824,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835,62837,62839],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62826,769],{"class":61},[55,62828,66],{"class":65},[55,62830,22156],{"class":850},[55,62832,120],{"class":69},[55,62834,74],{"class":73},[55,62836,36643],{"class":77},[55,62838,74],{"class":73},[55,62840,103],{"class":69},[55,62842,62843,62845,62847,62849],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62844,117],{"class":116},[55,62846,120],{"class":69},[55,62848,812],{"class":123},[55,62850,103],{"class":69},[14,62852,314],{},[45,62854,62856],{"className":47,"code":62855,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[52,62857,62858],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62859,62860,62862,62864,62866,62868,62870,62872,62874,62876,62878,62880,62883,62885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62861,127],{"class":69},[55,62863,2889],{"class":73},[55,62865,795],{"class":77},[55,62867,2889],{"class":73},[55,62869,83],{"class":69},[55,62871,2884],{"class":73},[55,62873,194],{"class":77},[55,62875,2889],{"class":73},[55,62877,83],{"class":69},[55,62879,2884],{"class":73},[55,62881,62882],{"class":77},"t",[55,62884,2889],{"class":73},[55,62886,386],{"class":69},[14,62888,62889,62891],{},[52,62890,24378],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[1425,62893,62895],{"id":62894},"range-to-list","Range to list",[45,62897,62899],{"className":47,"code":62898,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,62900,62901,62919],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62902,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913,62915,62917],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62904,243],{"class":61},[55,62906,66],{"class":65},[55,62908,22156],{"class":850},[55,62910,120],{"class":69},[55,62912,59595],{"class":116},[55,62914,120],{"class":69},[55,62916,817],{"class":130},[55,62918,1357],{"class":69},[55,62920,62921,62923,62925,62927],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,62922,117],{"class":116},[55,62924,120],{"class":69},[55,62926,275],{"class":123},[55,62928,103],{"class":69},[14,62930,314],{},[45,62932,62933],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,62934,62935],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62936,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953,62955,62957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62938,127],{"class":69},[55,62940,131],{"class":130},[55,62942,83],{"class":69},[55,62944,5090],{"class":130},[55,62946,83],{"class":69},[55,62948,976],{"class":130},[55,62950,83],{"class":69},[55,62952,2036],{"class":130},[55,62954,83],{"class":69},[55,62956,2042],{"class":130},[55,62958,386],{"class":69},[14,62960,62961,62962,62966],{},"This is common when working with ",[194,62963,62964],{"href":35792},[52,62965,35795],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[1425,62968,62970],{"id":62969},"set-to-list","Set to list",[45,62972,62974],{"className":47,"code":62973,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[52,62975,62976,62998],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,62977,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990,62992,62994,62996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,62979,3413],{"class":61},[55,62981,66],{"class":65},[55,62983,22156],{"class":850},[55,62985,5122],{"class":69},[55,62987,250],{"class":130},[55,62989,83],{"class":69},[55,62991,255],{"class":130},[55,62993,83],{"class":69},[55,62995,260],{"class":130},[55,62997,30094],{"class":69},[55,62999,63000,63002,63004,63006],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63001,117],{"class":116},[55,63003,120],{"class":69},[55,63005,4951],{"class":123},[55,63007,103],{"class":69},[14,63009,16556],{},[45,63011,63013],{"className":47,"code":63012,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[52,63014,63015],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63016,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025,63027,63029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63018,127],{"class":69},[55,63020,250],{"class":130},[55,63022,83],{"class":69},[55,63024,255],{"class":130},[55,63026,83],{"class":69},[55,63028,260],{"class":130},[55,63030,386],{"class":69},[14,63032,63033],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[1425,63035,63037],{"id":63036},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[45,63039,63041],{"className":47,"code":63040,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,63042,63043,63079,63093,63097],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63044,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073,63075,63077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63046,12802],{"class":61},[55,63048,66],{"class":65},[55,63050,10088],{"class":69},[55,63052,74],{"class":73},[55,63054,7263],{"class":77},[55,63056,74],{"class":73},[55,63058,854],{"class":69},[55,63060,86],{"class":73},[55,63062,645],{"class":77},[55,63064,74],{"class":73},[55,63066,83],{"class":69},[55,63068,86],{"class":73},[55,63070,8896],{"class":77},[55,63072,74],{"class":73},[55,63074,854],{"class":69},[55,63076,8903],{"class":130},[55,63078,8906],{"class":69},[55,63080,63081,63083,63085,63087,63089,63091],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63082,1814],{"class":61},[55,63084,66],{"class":65},[55,63086,22156],{"class":850},[55,63088,120],{"class":69},[55,63090,16905],{"class":123},[55,63092,103],{"class":69},[55,63094,63095],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,63096,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,63098,63099,63101,63103,63105],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,63100,117],{"class":116},[55,63102,120],{"class":69},[55,63104,1849],{"class":123},[55,63106,103],{"class":69},[14,63108,314],{},[45,63110,63111],{"className":47,"code":25078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,63112,63113],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63114,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127,63129,63131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63116,127],{"class":69},[55,63118,2889],{"class":73},[55,63120,7263],{"class":77},[55,63122,2889],{"class":73},[55,63124,83],{"class":69},[55,63126,2884],{"class":73},[55,63128,8896],{"class":77},[55,63130,2889],{"class":73},[55,63132,386],{"class":69},[14,63134,63135,63136,63138],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[52,63137,24378],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[14,63140,63141,63142,198],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[194,63143,63145],{"href":63144},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[37,63147,63149],{"id":63148},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[14,63151,63152],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[14,63154,60751],{},[21,63156,63157,63159,63161,63163,63165,63167],{},[24,63158,4892],{},[24,63160,4895],{},[24,63162,4901],{},[24,63164,4898],{},[24,63166,62592],{},[24,63168,6845],{},[14,63170,63171],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[45,63173,63175],{"className":47,"code":63174,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[52,63176,63177],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63178,63179,63181,63183,63185,63187,63189,63192,63194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63180,117],{"class":116},[55,63182,120],{"class":69},[55,63184,7688],{"class":850},[55,63186,120],{"class":69},[55,63188,74],{"class":73},[55,63190,63191],{"class":77},"hi",[55,63193,74],{"class":73},[55,63195,1357],{"class":69},[14,63197,314],{},[45,63199,63201],{"className":47,"code":63200,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['h', 'i']\n",[52,63202,63203],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63204,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217,63219,63221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63206,127],{"class":69},[55,63208,2889],{"class":73},[55,63210,60035],{"class":77},[55,63212,2889],{"class":73},[55,63214,83],{"class":69},[55,63216,2884],{"class":73},[55,63218,35751],{"class":77},[55,63220,2889],{"class":73},[55,63222,386],{"class":69},[14,63224,63225],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[45,63227,63229],{"className":47,"code":63228,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(5))\n",[52,63230,63231],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63232,63233,63235,63237,63239,63241,63243],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63234,117],{"class":116},[55,63236,120],{"class":69},[55,63238,7688],{"class":850},[55,63240,120],{"class":69},[55,63242,817],{"class":130},[55,63244,1357],{"class":69},[14,63246,314],{},[45,63248,63250],{"className":47,"code":63249,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[52,63251,63252],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63253,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266,63268,63270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63255,2592],{"class":850},[55,63257,854],{"class":69},[55,63259,2884],{"class":73},[55,63261,1772],{"class":77},[55,63263,2889],{"class":73},[55,63265,24214],{"class":850},[55,63267,7691],{"class":65},[55,63269,7694],{"class":65},[55,63271,63272],{"class":61}," iterable\n",[14,63274,63275,63276,63278,63279,198],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[194,63277,4727],{"href":5179},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[194,63280,63281],{"href":52195},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[37,63283,63285],{"id":63284},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[14,63287,63288,63289,63292],{},"If you already have a list, ",[52,63290,63291],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[45,63294,63296],{"className":47,"code":63295,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[52,63297,63298,63318,63332,63336,63346,63356],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63299,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63301,11685],{"class":61},[55,63303,66],{"class":65},[55,63305,3211],{"class":69},[55,63307,152],{"class":130},[55,63309,83],{"class":69},[55,63311,976],{"class":130},[55,63313,83],{"class":69},[55,63315,2036],{"class":130},[55,63317,386],{"class":69},[55,63319,63320,63322,63324,63326,63328,63330],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63321,13908],{"class":61},[55,63323,66],{"class":65},[55,63325,22156],{"class":850},[55,63327,120],{"class":69},[55,63329,11732],{"class":123},[55,63331,103],{"class":69},[55,63333,63334],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,63335,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,63337,63338,63340,63342,63344],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,63339,117],{"class":116},[55,63341,120],{"class":69},[55,63343,11732],{"class":123},[55,63345,103],{"class":69},[55,63347,63348,63350,63352,63354],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,63349,117],{"class":116},[55,63351,120],{"class":69},[55,63353,13927],{"class":123},[55,63355,103],{"class":69},[55,63357,63358,63360,63362,63364,63366,63368],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,63359,117],{"class":116},[55,63361,120],{"class":69},[55,63363,11685],{"class":123},[55,63365,11793],{"class":959},[55,63367,13981],{"class":123},[55,63369,103],{"class":69},[14,63371,314],{},[45,63373,63375],{"className":47,"code":63374,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[52,63376,63377,63393,63409],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63378,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63380,127],{"class":69},[55,63382,152],{"class":130},[55,63384,83],{"class":69},[55,63386,976],{"class":130},[55,63388,83],{"class":69},[55,63390,2036],{"class":130},[55,63392,386],{"class":69},[55,63394,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403,63405,63407],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63396,127],{"class":69},[55,63398,152],{"class":130},[55,63400,83],{"class":69},[55,63402,976],{"class":130},[55,63404,83],{"class":69},[55,63406,2036],{"class":130},[55,63408,386],{"class":69},[55,63410,63411],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,63412,3631],{"class":3443},[14,63414,63415,63416,63418],{},"This means ",[52,63417,13927],{}," is a different list object.",[14,63420,63421,63422,63424],{},"However, this is only a ",[3332,63423,12451],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[45,63426,63428],{"className":47,"code":63427,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[52,63429,63430,63456,63470,63474,63492,63496,63506],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63431,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450,63452,63454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63433,11685],{"class":61},[55,63435,66],{"class":65},[55,63437,55890],{"class":69},[55,63439,152],{"class":130},[55,63441,83],{"class":69},[55,63443,976],{"class":130},[55,63445,17659],{"class":69},[55,63447,3211],{"class":69},[55,63449,609],{"class":130},[55,63451,83],{"class":69},[55,63453,2042],{"class":130},[55,63455,52838],{"class":69},[55,63457,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63459,13908],{"class":61},[55,63461,66],{"class":65},[55,63463,22156],{"class":850},[55,63465,120],{"class":69},[55,63467,11732],{"class":123},[55,63469,103],{"class":69},[55,63471,63472],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,63473,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,63475,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486,63488,63490],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,63477,13927],{"class":61},[55,63479,127],{"class":69},[55,63481,131],{"class":130},[55,63483,13146],{"class":69},[55,63485,13149],{"class":123},[55,63487,120],{"class":69},[55,63489,55943],{"class":130},[55,63491,103],{"class":69},[55,63493,63494],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,63495,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,63497,63498,63500,63502,63504],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,63499,117],{"class":116},[55,63501,120],{"class":69},[55,63503,11732],{"class":123},[55,63505,103],{"class":69},[55,63507,63508,63510,63512,63514],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,63509,117],{"class":116},[55,63511,120],{"class":69},[55,63513,13927],{"class":123},[55,63515,103],{"class":69},[14,63517,314],{},[45,63519,63520],{"className":47,"code":55974,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,63521,63522,63548],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63523,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542,63544,63546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63525,55981],{"class":69},[55,63527,152],{"class":130},[55,63529,83],{"class":69},[55,63531,976],{"class":130},[55,63533,83],{"class":69},[55,63535,9794],{"class":130},[55,63537,17659],{"class":69},[55,63539,3211],{"class":69},[55,63541,609],{"class":130},[55,63543,83],{"class":69},[55,63545,2042],{"class":130},[55,63547,52838],{"class":69},[55,63549,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568,63570,63572],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63551,55981],{"class":69},[55,63553,152],{"class":130},[55,63555,83],{"class":69},[55,63557,976],{"class":130},[55,63559,83],{"class":69},[55,63561,9794],{"class":130},[55,63563,17659],{"class":69},[55,63565,3211],{"class":69},[55,63567,609],{"class":130},[55,63569,83],{"class":69},[55,63571,2042],{"class":130},[55,63573,52838],{"class":69},[14,63575,63576],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[14,63578,63579,63580,198],{},"For more on this, see ",[194,63581,13387],{"href":13386},[37,63583,63585],{"id":63584},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[14,63587,63588,63589,198],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[52,63590,24378],{},[1425,63592,63594],{"id":63593},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[45,63596,63598],{"className":47,"code":63597,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[52,63599,63600,63640],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63601,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634,63636,63638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63603,12464],{"class":61},[55,63605,66],{"class":65},[55,63607,10088],{"class":69},[55,63609,74],{"class":73},[55,63611,7263],{"class":77},[55,63613,74],{"class":73},[55,63615,854],{"class":69},[55,63617,86],{"class":73},[55,63619,7516],{"class":77},[55,63621,74],{"class":73},[55,63623,83],{"class":69},[55,63625,86],{"class":73},[55,63627,19488],{"class":77},[55,63629,74],{"class":73},[55,63631,854],{"class":69},[55,63633,86],{"class":73},[55,63635,21842],{"class":77},[55,63637,74],{"class":73},[55,63639,8906],{"class":69},[55,63641,63642,63644,63646,63648,63650,63652],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63643,117],{"class":116},[55,63645,120],{"class":69},[55,63647,7688],{"class":850},[55,63649,120],{"class":69},[55,63651,13222],{"class":123},[55,63653,1357],{"class":69},[14,63655,314],{},[45,63657,63659],{"className":47,"code":63658,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['name', 'grade']\n",[52,63660,63661],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63662,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675,63677,63679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63664,127],{"class":69},[55,63666,2889],{"class":73},[55,63668,7263],{"class":77},[55,63670,2889],{"class":73},[55,63672,83],{"class":69},[55,63674,2884],{"class":73},[55,63676,19488],{"class":77},[55,63678,2889],{"class":73},[55,63680,386],{"class":69},[1425,63682,63684],{"id":63683},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[45,63686,63688],{"className":47,"code":63687,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[52,63689,63690,63730],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63691,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724,63726,63728],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63693,12464],{"class":61},[55,63695,66],{"class":65},[55,63697,10088],{"class":69},[55,63699,74],{"class":73},[55,63701,7263],{"class":77},[55,63703,74],{"class":73},[55,63705,854],{"class":69},[55,63707,86],{"class":73},[55,63709,7516],{"class":77},[55,63711,74],{"class":73},[55,63713,83],{"class":69},[55,63715,86],{"class":73},[55,63717,19488],{"class":77},[55,63719,74],{"class":73},[55,63721,854],{"class":69},[55,63723,86],{"class":73},[55,63725,21842],{"class":77},[55,63727,74],{"class":73},[55,63729,8906],{"class":69},[55,63731,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63733,117],{"class":116},[55,63735,120],{"class":69},[55,63737,7688],{"class":850},[55,63739,120],{"class":69},[55,63741,13222],{"class":123},[55,63743,198],{"class":69},[55,63745,4951],{"class":123},[55,63747,5884],{"class":69},[14,63749,314],{},[45,63751,63753],{"className":47,"code":63752,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[52,63754,63755],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63756,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769,63771,63773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63758,127],{"class":69},[55,63760,2889],{"class":73},[55,63762,7516],{"class":77},[55,63764,2889],{"class":73},[55,63766,83],{"class":69},[55,63768,2884],{"class":73},[55,63770,21842],{"class":77},[55,63772,2889],{"class":73},[55,63774,386],{"class":69},[1425,63776,63778],{"id":63777},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[45,63780,63782],{"className":47,"code":63781,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[52,63783,63784,63824],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63785,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818,63820,63822],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63787,12464],{"class":61},[55,63789,66],{"class":65},[55,63791,10088],{"class":69},[55,63793,74],{"class":73},[55,63795,7263],{"class":77},[55,63797,74],{"class":73},[55,63799,854],{"class":69},[55,63801,86],{"class":73},[55,63803,7516],{"class":77},[55,63805,74],{"class":73},[55,63807,83],{"class":69},[55,63809,86],{"class":73},[55,63811,19488],{"class":77},[55,63813,74],{"class":73},[55,63815,854],{"class":69},[55,63817,86],{"class":73},[55,63819,21842],{"class":77},[55,63821,74],{"class":73},[55,63823,8906],{"class":69},[55,63825,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836,63838,63840],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63827,117],{"class":116},[55,63829,120],{"class":69},[55,63831,7688],{"class":850},[55,63833,120],{"class":69},[55,63835,13222],{"class":123},[55,63837,198],{"class":69},[55,63839,7404],{"class":123},[55,63841,5884],{"class":69},[14,63843,314],{},[45,63845,63847],{"className":47,"code":63846,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[52,63848,63849],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63850,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63852,21337],{"class":69},[55,63854,2889],{"class":73},[55,63856,7263],{"class":77},[55,63858,2889],{"class":73},[55,63860,83],{"class":69},[55,63862,2884],{"class":73},[55,63864,7516],{"class":77},[55,63866,2889],{"class":73},[55,63868,8831],{"class":69},[55,63870,70],{"class":69},[55,63872,2889],{"class":73},[55,63874,19488],{"class":77},[55,63876,2889],{"class":73},[55,63878,83],{"class":69},[55,63880,2884],{"class":73},[55,63882,21842],{"class":77},[55,63884,2889],{"class":73},[55,63886,8846],{"class":69},[14,63888,63889],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[37,63891,63893],{"id":63892},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[14,63895,1440,63896,10199],{},[52,63897,24378],{},[21,63899,63900,63908,63917],{},[24,63901,63902,63903,2465,63905],{},"you need list methods like ",[52,63904,52248],{},[52,63906,63907],{},"sort()",[24,63909,63910,63911,2465,63913,63916],{},"you want to convert ",[52,63912,35795],{},[52,63914,63915],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[24,63918,63919],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[14,63921,45638,63922,854],{},[52,63923,63915],{},[45,63925,63927],{"className":47,"code":63926,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[52,63928,63929,63953,63969,63973,63996],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,63930,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947,63949,63951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,63932,636],{"class":61},[55,63934,66],{"class":65},[55,63936,3211],{"class":69},[55,63938,74],{"class":73},[55,63940,645],{"class":77},[55,63942,74],{"class":73},[55,63944,83],{"class":69},[55,63946,86],{"class":73},[55,63948,654],{"class":77},[55,63950,74],{"class":73},[55,63952,386],{"class":69},[55,63954,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963,63965,63967],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,63956,4654],{"class":61},[55,63958,66],{"class":65},[55,63960,3211],{"class":69},[55,63962,13098],{"class":130},[55,63964,83],{"class":69},[55,63966,13103],{"class":130},[55,63968,386],{"class":69},[55,63970,63971],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,63972,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,63974,63975,63977,63979,63981,63983,63986,63988,63990,63992,63994],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,63976,8813],{"class":61},[55,63978,66],{"class":65},[55,63980,22156],{"class":850},[55,63982,120],{"class":69},[55,63984,63985],{"class":116},"zip",[55,63987,120],{"class":69},[55,63989,680],{"class":123},[55,63991,83],{"class":69},[55,63993,4701],{"class":123},[55,63995,1357],{"class":69},[55,63997,63998,64000,64002,64004],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,63999,117],{"class":116},[55,64001,120],{"class":69},[55,64003,8859],{"class":123},[55,64005,103],{"class":69},[14,64007,314],{},[45,64009,64011],{"className":47,"code":64010,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[52,64012,64013],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64014,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037,64039,64041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64016,21337],{"class":69},[55,64018,2889],{"class":73},[55,64020,645],{"class":77},[55,64022,2889],{"class":73},[55,64024,83],{"class":69},[55,64026,19495],{"class":130},[55,64028,8831],{"class":69},[55,64030,70],{"class":69},[55,64032,2889],{"class":73},[55,64034,654],{"class":77},[55,64036,2889],{"class":73},[55,64038,83],{"class":69},[55,64040,13103],{"class":130},[55,64042,8846],{"class":69},[14,64044,64045,64046,64048,64049,198],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[52,64047,52248],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[194,64050,52645],{"href":52644},[37,64052,4109],{"id":4108},[14,64054,56372,64055,198],{},[52,64056,24378],{},[1425,64058,64060],{"id":64059},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[14,64062,4116],{},[45,64064,64066],{"className":47,"code":64065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[52,64067,64068,64072],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64069,64070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64071,4126],{"class":137},[55,64073,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084,64086,64088],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,64075,7688],{"class":850},[55,64077,120],{"class":69},[55,64079,152],{"class":130},[55,64081,83],{"class":69},[55,64083,976],{"class":130},[55,64085,83],{"class":69},[55,64087,2036],{"class":130},[55,64089,103],{"class":69},[14,64091,64092,64094],{},[52,64093,24378],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[14,64096,18292],{},[45,64098,64100],{"className":47,"code":64099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[52,64101,64102],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64103,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118,64120,64122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64105,117],{"class":116},[55,64107,120],{"class":69},[55,64109,7688],{"class":850},[55,64111,5103],{"class":69},[55,64113,152],{"class":130},[55,64115,83],{"class":69},[55,64117,976],{"class":130},[55,64119,83],{"class":69},[55,64121,2036],{"class":130},[55,64123,2499],{"class":69},[1425,64125,64127,64128],{"id":64126},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[55,64129,64130],{},"\"hello\"",[14,64132,64133],{},"This is a common surprise:",[45,64135,64137],{"className":47,"code":64136,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[52,64138,64139],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64140,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64142,117],{"class":116},[55,64144,120],{"class":69},[55,64146,7688],{"class":850},[55,64148,120],{"class":69},[55,64150,74],{"class":73},[55,64152,3436],{"class":77},[55,64154,74],{"class":73},[55,64156,1357],{"class":69},[14,64158,314],{},[45,64160,64162],{"className":47,"code":64161,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[52,64163,64164],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64165,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64167,127],{"class":69},[55,64169,2889],{"class":73},[55,64171,60035],{"class":77},[55,64173,2889],{"class":73},[55,64175,83],{"class":69},[55,64177,2884],{"class":73},[55,64179,60044],{"class":77},[55,64181,2889],{"class":73},[55,64183,83],{"class":69},[55,64185,2884],{"class":73},[55,64187,60053],{"class":77},[55,64189,2889],{"class":73},[55,64191,83],{"class":69},[55,64193,2884],{"class":73},[55,64195,60053],{"class":77},[55,64197,2889],{"class":73},[55,64199,83],{"class":69},[55,64201,2884],{"class":73},[55,64203,60070],{"class":77},[55,64205,2889],{"class":73},[55,64207,386],{"class":69},[14,64209,64210],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[14,64212,64213],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[45,64215,64217],{"className":47,"code":64216,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[52,64218,64219],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64220,64221,64223,64225,64227,64229,64231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64222,117],{"class":116},[55,64224,2573],{"class":69},[55,64226,74],{"class":73},[55,64228,3436],{"class":77},[55,64230,74],{"class":73},[55,64232,282],{"class":69},[1425,64234,64236],{"id":64235},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[14,64238,64239],{},"This:",[45,64241,64243],{"className":47,"code":64242,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[52,64244,64245,64277],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64246,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271,64273,64275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64248,8763],{"class":61},[55,64250,66],{"class":65},[55,64252,10088],{"class":69},[55,64254,74],{"class":73},[55,64256,194],{"class":77},[55,64258,74],{"class":73},[55,64260,854],{"class":69},[55,64262,5090],{"class":130},[55,64264,83],{"class":69},[55,64266,86],{"class":73},[55,64268,786],{"class":77},[55,64270,74],{"class":73},[55,64272,854],{"class":69},[55,64274,976],{"class":130},[55,64276,8906],{"class":69},[55,64278,64279,64281,64283,64285,64287,64289],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,64280,117],{"class":116},[55,64282,120],{"class":69},[55,64284,7688],{"class":850},[55,64286,120],{"class":69},[55,64288,8802],{"class":123},[55,64290,1357],{"class":69},[14,64292,64293],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[14,64295,1440,64296,64299],{},[52,64297,64298],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[1425,64301,64303],{"id":64302},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[14,64305,64306,64308],{},[52,64307,24378],{}," copies the outer list only.",[14,64310,64311],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[37,64313,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,64315,4771,64317,64319],{"id":64316},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[55,64318],{}," and list()?",[14,64321,64322,64323,64325,64326,64328],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[52,64324,3377],{}," is shorter. ",[52,64327,24378],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[1425,64330,64332],{"id":64331},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[14,64334,64335,64336,64338],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[52,64337,24378],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[1425,64340,64342],{"id":64341},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[14,64344,64345],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[1425,64347,64349],{"id":64348},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[14,64351,64352],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[1425,64354,64356],{"id":64355},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[14,64358,64359,64360,64362],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[52,64361,24378],{}," cannot loop through it.",[37,64364,1495],{"id":1494},[21,64366,64367,64371,64376,64380,64384,64388,64392,64397],{},[24,64368,64369],{},[194,64370,52367],{"href":50575},[24,64372,64373],{},[194,64374,64375],{"href":35792},"Python range() function explained",[24,64377,64378],{},[194,64379,62813],{"href":62812},[24,64381,64382],{},[194,64383,63145],{"href":63144},[24,64385,64386],{},[194,64387,4808],{"href":5179},[24,64389,64390],{},[194,64391,13387],{"href":13386},[24,64393,64394],{},[194,64395,64396],{"href":52195},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[24,64398,64399],{},[194,64400,53874],{"href":52644},[1524,64402,64403],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":64405},[64406,64407,64408,64409,64410,64417,64418,64419,64424,64425,64432,64440],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":62515,"depth":106,"text":62516},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":59216,"depth":106,"text":59217},{"id":62743,"depth":106,"text":62744,"children":64411},[64412,64413,64414,64415,64416],{"id":62747,"depth":113,"text":62748},{"id":62816,"depth":113,"text":62817},{"id":62894,"depth":113,"text":62895},{"id":62969,"depth":113,"text":62970},{"id":63036,"depth":113,"text":63037},{"id":63148,"depth":106,"text":63149},{"id":63284,"depth":106,"text":63285},{"id":63584,"depth":106,"text":63585,"children":64420},[64421,64422,64423],{"id":63593,"depth":113,"text":63594},{"id":63683,"depth":113,"text":63684},{"id":63777,"depth":113,"text":63778},{"id":63892,"depth":106,"text":63893},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":64426},[64427,64428,64430,64431],{"id":64059,"depth":113,"text":64060},{"id":64126,"depth":113,"text":64429},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64235,"depth":113,"text":64236},{"id":64302,"depth":113,"text":64303},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":64433},[64434,64436,64437,64438,64439],{"id":64316,"depth":113,"text":64435},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64331,"depth":113,"text":64332},{"id":64341,"depth":113,"text":64342},{"id":64348,"depth":113,"text":64349},{"id":64355,"depth":113,"text":64356},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62349,"description":64441},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64448,"title":64449,"body":64450,"description":65800,"extension":1546,"meta":65801,"navigation":109,"path":65802,"seo":65803,"stem":65804,"__hash__":65805},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64451,"toc":65774},[64452,64457,64463,64472,64474,64547,64556,64561,64565,64581,64585,64587,64589,64608,64611,64639,64642,64667,64675,64677,64682,64689,64691,64748,64750,64758,64764,64768,64771,64844,64846,64854,64857,64880,64887,64893,64897,64903,64974,64976,64984,64993,65000,65007,65015,65159,65161,65178,65181,65220,65223,65227,65232,65234,65293,65299,65302,65409,65411,65426,65429,65436,65438,65442,65589,65592,65653,65656,65659,65680,65685,65689,65700,65703,65705,65710,65713,65721,65726,65732,65735,65741,65749,65751,65771],[10,64453,53938,64455,10920],{"id":64454},"python-list-index-method",[52,64456,58565],{},[14,64458,64459,64462],{},[52,64460,64461],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[14,64464,64465,64466,64469,64470,198],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3332,64467,64468],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[52,64471,40300],{},[37,64473,40],{"id":39},[45,64475,64477],{"className":47,"code":64476,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[52,64478,64479,64511,64534],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64480,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64482,7375],{"class":61},[55,64484,66],{"class":65},[55,64486,3211],{"class":69},[55,64488,74],{"class":73},[55,64490,407],{"class":77},[55,64492,74],{"class":73},[55,64494,83],{"class":69},[55,64496,86],{"class":73},[55,64498,416],{"class":77},[55,64500,74],{"class":73},[55,64502,83],{"class":69},[55,64504,86],{"class":73},[55,64506,425],{"class":77},[55,64508,74],{"class":73},[55,64510,386],{"class":69},[55,64512,64513,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528,64530,64532],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,64514,64515],{"class":61},"position ",[55,64517,66],{"class":65},[55,64519,5559],{"class":61},[55,64521,198],{"class":69},[55,64523,383],{"class":123},[55,64525,120],{"class":69},[55,64527,74],{"class":73},[55,64529,416],{"class":77},[55,64531,74],{"class":73},[55,64533,103],{"class":69},[55,64535,64536,64538,64540,64543,64545],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,64537,117],{"class":116},[55,64539,120],{"class":69},[55,64541,64542],{"class":123},"position",[55,64544,970],{"class":69},[55,64546,27376],{"class":137},[14,64548,1440,64549,64552,64553,64555],{},[52,64550,64551],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[52,64554,40300],{}," if the item is not found.",[37,64557,3265,64559,3268],{"id":64558},"what-listindex-does",[52,64560,64461],{},[14,64562,64563,854],{},[52,64564,64461],{},[21,64566,64567,64570,64573,64578],{},[24,64568,64569],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[24,64571,64572],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[24,64574,64575,64576],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[52,64577,131],{},[24,64579,64580],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[14,64582,54163,64583,198],{},[194,64584,52367],{"href":54166},[37,64586,1740],{"id":1739},[14,64588,30323],{},[45,64590,64592],{"className":47,"code":64591,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.index(value)\n",[52,64593,64594],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64595,64596,64598,64600,64602,64604,64606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64597,7934],{"class":61},[55,64599,198],{"class":69},[55,64601,383],{"class":123},[55,64603,120],{"class":69},[55,64605,2058],{"class":123},[55,64607,103],{"class":69},[14,64609,64610],{},"You can also limit the search:",[45,64612,64614],{"className":47,"code":64613,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[52,64615,64616],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64617,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64632,64634,64637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64619,7934],{"class":61},[55,64621,198],{"class":69},[55,64623,383],{"class":123},[55,64625,120],{"class":69},[55,64627,2058],{"class":123},[55,64629,83],{"class":69},[55,64631,35650],{"class":123},[55,64633,83],{"class":69},[55,64635,64636],{"class":123}," end",[55,64638,103],{"class":69},[14,64640,64641],{},"Here is what each part means:",[21,64643,64644,64649,64654,64659],{},[24,64645,64646,64648],{},[52,64647,2058],{},": the item to search for",[24,64650,64651,64653],{},[52,64652,35671],{},": where the search begins",[24,64655,64656,64658],{},[52,64657,52256],{},": where the search stops",[24,64660,64661,4375,64663,64666],{},[52,64662,52256],{},[3332,64664,64665],{},"not included"," in the search range",[14,64668,64669,64670,64672,64673,198],{},"This means Python searches from ",[52,64671,35671],{}," up to, but not including, ",[52,64674,52256],{},[37,64676,37617],{"id":37616},[14,64678,64679,64681],{},[52,64680,64461],{}," returns an integer.",[14,64683,64684,64685,64688],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3332,64686,64687],{},"first match"," in the list.",[14,64690,233],{},[45,64692,64694],{"className":47,"code":64693,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,64695,64696,64716,64734,64738],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64697,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710,64712,64714],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64699,243],{"class":61},[55,64701,66],{"class":65},[55,64703,3211],{"class":69},[55,64705,250],{"class":130},[55,64707,83],{"class":69},[55,64709,255],{"class":130},[55,64711,83],{"class":69},[55,64713,260],{"class":130},[55,64715,386],{"class":69},[55,64717,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728,64730,64732],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,64719,1814],{"class":61},[55,64721,66],{"class":65},[55,64723,3852],{"class":61},[55,64725,198],{"class":69},[55,64727,383],{"class":123},[55,64729,120],{"class":69},[55,64731,1149],{"class":130},[55,64733,103],{"class":69},[55,64735,64736],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,64737,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,64739,64740,64742,64744,64746],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,64741,117],{"class":116},[55,64743,120],{"class":69},[55,64745,1849],{"class":123},[55,64747,103],{"class":69},[14,64749,314],{},[45,64751,64752],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,64753,64754],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64755,64756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64757,46515],{"class":130},[14,64759,64760,64761,64763],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[52,64762,58565],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[37,64765,64767],{"id":64766},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[14,64769,64770],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[45,64772,64774],{"className":47,"code":64773,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[52,64775,64776,64808,64830,64834],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64777,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802,64804,64806],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64779,398],{"class":61},[55,64781,66],{"class":65},[55,64783,3211],{"class":69},[55,64785,74],{"class":73},[55,64787,407],{"class":77},[55,64789,74],{"class":73},[55,64791,83],{"class":69},[55,64793,86],{"class":73},[55,64795,416],{"class":77},[55,64797,74],{"class":73},[55,64799,83],{"class":69},[55,64801,86],{"class":73},[55,64803,425],{"class":77},[55,64805,74],{"class":73},[55,64807,386],{"class":69},[55,64809,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824,64826,64828],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,64811,64515],{"class":61},[55,64813,66],{"class":65},[55,64815,52447],{"class":61},[55,64817,198],{"class":69},[55,64819,383],{"class":123},[55,64821,120],{"class":69},[55,64823,74],{"class":73},[55,64825,425],{"class":77},[55,64827,74],{"class":73},[55,64829,103],{"class":69},[55,64831,64832],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,64833,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,64835,64836,64838,64840,64842],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,64837,117],{"class":116},[55,64839,120],{"class":69},[55,64841,64542],{"class":123},[55,64843,103],{"class":69},[14,64845,314],{},[45,64847,64848],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,64849,64850],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64851,64852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64853,16654],{"class":130},[14,64855,64856],{},"In this list:",[21,64858,64859,64866,64873],{},[24,64860,64861,64863,64864],{},[52,64862,57430],{}," is at index ",[52,64865,131],{},[24,64867,64868,64863,64871],{},[52,64869,64870],{},"\"banana\"",[52,64872,152],{},[24,64874,64875,64863,64878],{},[52,64876,64877],{},"\"cherry\"",[52,64879,309],{},[14,64881,53249,64882,1981,64885,198],{},[52,64883,64884],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[52,64886,309],{},[14,64888,51138,64889,198],{},[194,64890,64892],{"href":64891},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[37,64894,64896],{"id":64895},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[14,64898,64899,64900,64902],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[52,64901,58565],{}," returns the first match only.",[45,64904,64906],{"className":47,"code":64905,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[52,64907,64908,64948,64952],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64909,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942,64944,64946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64911,62],{"class":61},[55,64913,66],{"class":65},[55,64915,3211],{"class":69},[55,64917,74],{"class":73},[55,64919,78],{"class":77},[55,64921,74],{"class":73},[55,64923,83],{"class":69},[55,64925,86],{"class":73},[55,64927,98],{"class":77},[55,64929,74],{"class":73},[55,64931,83],{"class":69},[55,64933,86],{"class":73},[55,64935,78],{"class":77},[55,64937,74],{"class":73},[55,64939,83],{"class":69},[55,64941,86],{"class":73},[55,64943,89],{"class":77},[55,64945,74],{"class":73},[55,64947,386],{"class":69},[55,64949,64950],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,64951,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,64953,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968,64970,64972],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,64955,117],{"class":116},[55,64957,120],{"class":69},[55,64959,124],{"class":123},[55,64961,198],{"class":69},[55,64963,383],{"class":123},[55,64965,120],{"class":69},[55,64967,74],{"class":73},[55,64969,78],{"class":77},[55,64971,74],{"class":73},[55,64973,1357],{"class":69},[14,64975,314],{},[45,64977,64978],{"className":47,"code":46850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,64979,64980],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,64981,64982],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,64983,46850],{"class":130},[14,64985,20574,64986,64989,64990,64992],{},[52,64987,64988],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[52,64991,131],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[14,64994,64995,64996,198],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[194,64997,55116,64998,10339],{"href":58624},[52,64999,56887],{},[37,65001,8012,65003,3983,65005],{"id":65002},"using-start-and-end",[52,65004,35671],{},[52,65006,52256],{},[14,65008,65009,65010,3983,65012,65014],{},"The optional ",[52,65011,35671],{},[52,65013,52256],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[45,65016,65018],{"className":47,"code":65017,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[52,65019,65020,65068,65072,65097,65126],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65021,65022,65024,65026,65028,65030,65032,65034,65036,65038,65040,65042,65044,65046,65048,65050,65052,65054,65056,65058,65060,65062,65064,65066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65023,769],{"class":61},[55,65025,66],{"class":65},[55,65027,3211],{"class":69},[55,65029,74],{"class":73},[55,65031,194],{"class":77},[55,65033,74],{"class":73},[55,65035,83],{"class":69},[55,65037,86],{"class":73},[55,65039,786],{"class":77},[55,65041,74],{"class":73},[55,65043,83],{"class":69},[55,65045,86],{"class":73},[55,65047,795],{"class":77},[55,65049,74],{"class":73},[55,65051,83],{"class":69},[55,65053,86],{"class":73},[55,65055,786],{"class":77},[55,65057,74],{"class":73},[55,65059,83],{"class":69},[55,65061,86],{"class":73},[55,65063,18365],{"class":77},[55,65065,74],{"class":73},[55,65067,386],{"class":69},[55,65069,65070],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,65071,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,65073,65074,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086,65088,65090,65092,65094],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,65075,117],{"class":116},[55,65077,120],{"class":69},[55,65079,812],{"class":123},[55,65081,198],{"class":69},[55,65083,383],{"class":123},[55,65085,120],{"class":69},[55,65087,74],{"class":73},[55,65089,786],{"class":77},[55,65091,74],{"class":73},[55,65093,947],{"class":69},[55,65095,65096],{"class":137},"        # first match\n",[55,65098,65099,65101,65103,65105,65107,65109,65111,65113,65115,65117,65119,65121,65123],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,65100,117],{"class":116},[55,65102,120],{"class":69},[55,65104,812],{"class":123},[55,65106,198],{"class":69},[55,65108,383],{"class":123},[55,65110,120],{"class":69},[55,65112,74],{"class":73},[55,65114,786],{"class":77},[55,65116,74],{"class":73},[55,65118,83],{"class":69},[55,65120,976],{"class":130},[55,65122,947],{"class":69},[55,65124,65125],{"class":137},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[55,65127,65128,65130,65132,65134,65136,65138,65140,65142,65144,65146,65148,65150,65152,65154,65156],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,65129,117],{"class":116},[55,65131,120],{"class":69},[55,65133,812],{"class":123},[55,65135,198],{"class":69},[55,65137,383],{"class":123},[55,65139,120],{"class":69},[55,65141,74],{"class":73},[55,65143,786],{"class":77},[55,65145,74],{"class":73},[55,65147,83],{"class":69},[55,65149,5090],{"class":130},[55,65151,83],{"class":69},[55,65153,2042],{"class":130},[55,65155,947],{"class":69},[55,65157,65158],{"class":137},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[14,65160,314],{},[45,65162,65164],{"className":47,"code":65163,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1\n3\n1\n",[52,65165,65166,65170,65174],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65167,65168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65169,46515],{"class":130},[55,65171,65172],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,65173,46215],{"class":130},[55,65175,65176],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,65177,46515],{"class":130},[14,65179,65180],{},"How this works:",[21,65182,65183,65195,65208],{},[24,65184,65185,65188,65189,65192,65193],{},[52,65186,65187],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[52,65190,65191],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[52,65194,152],{},[24,65196,65197,65200,65201,65203,65204,65192,65206],{},[52,65198,65199],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[52,65202,309],{},", so it finds the next ",[52,65205,65191],{},[52,65207,609],{},[24,65209,65210,65213,65214,1773,65216,16670,65218],{},[52,65211,65212],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[52,65215,152],{},[52,65217,309],{},[52,65219,609],{},[14,65221,65222],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[37,65224,65226],{"id":65225},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[14,65228,65229,65230,198],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[52,65231,40300],{},[14,65233,233],{},[45,65235,65237],{"className":47,"code":65236,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[52,65238,65239,65271],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65240,65241,65243,65245,65247,65249,65251,65253,65255,65257,65259,65261,65263,65265,65267,65269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65242,7375],{"class":61},[55,65244,66],{"class":65},[55,65246,3211],{"class":69},[55,65248,74],{"class":73},[55,65250,407],{"class":77},[55,65252,74],{"class":73},[55,65254,83],{"class":69},[55,65256,86],{"class":73},[55,65258,416],{"class":77},[55,65260,74],{"class":73},[55,65262,83],{"class":69},[55,65264,86],{"class":73},[55,65266,425],{"class":77},[55,65268,74],{"class":73},[55,65270,386],{"class":69},[55,65272,65273,65275,65277,65279,65281,65283,65285,65287,65289,65291],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,65274,117],{"class":116},[55,65276,120],{"class":69},[55,65278,7404],{"class":123},[55,65280,198],{"class":69},[55,65282,383],{"class":123},[55,65284,120],{"class":69},[55,65286,74],{"class":73},[55,65288,32820],{"class":77},[55,65290,74],{"class":73},[55,65292,1357],{"class":69},[14,65294,39249,65295,65298],{},[52,65296,65297],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[14,65300,65301],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[45,65303,65305],{"className":47,"code":65304,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[52,65306,65307,65339,65352,65356,65369,65388,65394],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65308,65309,65311,65313,65315,65317,65319,65321,65323,65325,65327,65329,65331,65333,65335,65337],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65310,7375],{"class":61},[55,65312,66],{"class":65},[55,65314,3211],{"class":69},[55,65316,74],{"class":73},[55,65318,407],{"class":77},[55,65320,74],{"class":73},[55,65322,83],{"class":69},[55,65324,86],{"class":73},[55,65326,416],{"class":77},[55,65328,74],{"class":73},[55,65330,83],{"class":69},[55,65332,86],{"class":73},[55,65334,425],{"class":77},[55,65336,74],{"class":73},[55,65338,386],{"class":69},[55,65340,65341,65344,65346,65348,65350],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,65342,65343],{"class":61},"search_value ",[55,65345,66],{"class":65},[55,65347,86],{"class":73},[55,65349,32820],{"class":77},[55,65351,1288],{"class":73},[55,65353,65354],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,65355,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,65357,65358,65360,65363,65365,65367],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,65359,960],{"class":959},[55,65361,65362],{"class":61}," search_value ",[55,65364,3474],{"class":65},[55,65366,5559],{"class":61},[55,65368,979],{"class":69},[55,65370,65371,65373,65375,65377,65379,65381,65383,65386],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,65372,985],{"class":116},[55,65374,120],{"class":69},[55,65376,7404],{"class":123},[55,65378,198],{"class":69},[55,65380,383],{"class":123},[55,65382,120],{"class":69},[55,65384,65385],{"class":123},"search_value",[55,65387,1357],{"class":69},[55,65389,65390,65392],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,65391,27030],{"class":959},[55,65393,979],{"class":69},[55,65395,65396,65398,65400,65402,65405,65407],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,65397,985],{"class":116},[55,65399,120],{"class":69},[55,65401,74],{"class":73},[55,65403,65404],{"class":77},"Item not found",[55,65406,74],{"class":73},[55,65408,103],{"class":69},[14,65410,314],{},[45,65412,65414],{"className":47,"code":65413,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Item not found\n",[52,65415,65416],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65417,65418,65421,65423],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65419,65420],{"class":61},"Item ",[55,65422,4222],{"class":65},[55,65424,65425],{"class":61}," found\n",[14,65427,65428],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[14,65430,65431,65432,198],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[194,65433,65435],{"href":65434},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[37,65437,4109],{"id":4108},[14,65439,20808,65440,854],{},[52,65441,64461],{},[21,65443,65444,65461,65473,65533],{},[24,65445,25371,65446,1981,65448,65450,65451,65453,65454,4752,65456,65458,65459,198],{},[52,65447,58565],{},[52,65449,502],{}," if the item is missing",[9443,65452],{},"\nPython does ",[3332,65455,4222],{},[52,65457,502],{},". It raises ",[52,65460,40300],{},[24,65462,65463,65464,65466,65469,65470,65472],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9443,65465],{},[52,65467,65468],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[52,65471,64870],{},", not the value itself.",[24,65474,8012,65475,1309,65478,65480,65482,65483,16253,65485,65508,16241,65510],{},[52,65476,65477],{},"index[]",[52,65479,58565],{},[9443,65481],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9443,65484],{},[45,65486,65488],{"className":47,"code":65487,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[52,65489,65490],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65491,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502,65504,65506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65493,7404],{"class":61},[55,65495,198],{"class":69},[55,65497,383],{"class":123},[55,65499,120],{"class":69},[55,65501,74],{"class":73},[55,65503,416],{"class":77},[55,65505,74],{"class":73},[55,65507,103],{"class":69},[9443,65509],{},[45,65511,65513],{"className":47,"code":65512,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[52,65514,65515],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65516,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527,65529,65531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65518,7404],{"class":61},[55,65520,198],{"class":69},[55,65522,383],{"class":24347},[55,65524,127],{"class":69},[55,65526,74],{"class":73},[55,65528,416],{"class":77},[55,65530,74],{"class":73},[55,65532,386],{"class":69},[24,65534,65535,65536,65538,3983,65541,65543,65544],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9443,65537],{},[52,65539,65540],{},"\"3\"",[52,65542,609],{}," are different values in Python.",[45,65545,65547],{"className":47,"code":65546,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[52,65548,65549,65569],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65550,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563,65565,65567],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65552,243],{"class":61},[55,65554,66],{"class":65},[55,65556,3211],{"class":69},[55,65558,152],{"class":130},[55,65560,83],{"class":69},[55,65562,976],{"class":130},[55,65564,83],{"class":69},[55,65566,2036],{"class":130},[55,65568,386],{"class":69},[55,65570,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,65572,117],{"class":116},[55,65574,120],{"class":69},[55,65576,74],{"class":73},[55,65578,609],{"class":77},[55,65580,74],{"class":73},[55,65582,20770],{"class":959},[55,65584,3852],{"class":123},[55,65586,970],{"class":69},[55,65588,4363],{"class":137},[14,65590,65591],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[45,65593,65595],{"className":47,"code":65594,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[52,65596,65597,65607,65621,65635],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65598,65599,65601,65603,65605],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65600,117],{"class":116},[55,65602,120],{"class":69},[55,65604,7934],{"class":123},[55,65606,103],{"class":69},[55,65608,65609,65611,65613,65615,65617,65619],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,65610,117],{"class":116},[55,65612,120],{"class":69},[55,65614,1396],{"class":850},[55,65616,120],{"class":69},[55,65618,65385],{"class":123},[55,65620,1357],{"class":69},[55,65622,65623,65625,65627,65629,65631,65633],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,65624,117],{"class":116},[55,65626,120],{"class":69},[55,65628,65343],{"class":123},[55,65630,3474],{"class":959},[55,65632,7990],{"class":123},[55,65634,103],{"class":69},[55,65636,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647,65649,65651],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,65638,117],{"class":116},[55,65640,120],{"class":69},[55,65642,7934],{"class":123},[55,65644,198],{"class":69},[55,65646,383],{"class":123},[55,65648,120],{"class":69},[55,65650,65385],{"class":123},[55,65652,1357],{"class":69},[14,65654,65655],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[14,65657,65658],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[21,65660,65661,65664,65671,65677],{},[24,65662,65663],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[24,65665,65666,65667,1309,65669],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[52,65668,65540],{},[52,65670,609],{},[24,65672,65673,65674,65676],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[52,65675,58565],{}," returns only the first one",[24,65678,65679],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[37,65681,4553,65683],{"id":65682},"when-to-use-index",[52,65684,58565],{},[14,65686,1440,65687,10199],{},[52,65688,58565],{},[21,65690,65691,65694,65697],{},[24,65692,65693],{},"You need the position of a known value",[24,65695,65696],{},"You are working with a small list",[24,65698,65699],{},"You only need the first matching position",[14,65701,65702],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[37,65704,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,65706,4733,65708,4736],{"id":65707},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[52,65709,64461],{},[14,65711,65712],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[1425,65714,12304,65716,4752,65718,65720],{"id":65715},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[52,65717,64461],{},[52,65719,502],{}," if the value is not found?",[14,65722,65723,65724,6226],{},"No. It raises ",[52,65725,40300],{},[1425,65727,4761,65729,65731],{"id":65728},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[52,65730,64461],{}," find all matching items?",[14,65733,65734],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[1425,65736,65738,65739,2078],{"id":65737},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[52,65740,58565],{},[14,65742,65743,65744,3983,65746,65748],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[52,65745,35671],{},[52,65747,52256],{}," arguments.",[37,65750,1495],{"id":1494},[21,65752,65753,65757,65761,65765],{},[24,65754,65755],{},[194,65756,58553],{"href":64891},[24,65758,65759],{},[194,65760,52367],{"href":54166},[24,65762,65763],{},[194,65764,65435],{"href":65434},[24,65766,65767],{},[194,65768,55116,65769,10339],{"href":58624},[52,65770,56887],{},[1524,65772,65773],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":65775},[65776,65777,65779,65780,65781,65782,65783,65785,65786,65787,65789,65799],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":64558,"depth":106,"text":65778},"What list.index() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":37616,"depth":106,"text":37617},{"id":64766,"depth":106,"text":64767},{"id":64895,"depth":106,"text":64896},{"id":65002,"depth":106,"text":65784},"Using start and end",{"id":65225,"depth":106,"text":65226},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109},{"id":65682,"depth":106,"text":65788},"When to use index()",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":65790},[65791,65793,65795,65797],{"id":65707,"depth":113,"text":65792},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65715,"depth":113,"text":65794},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65728,"depth":113,"text":65796},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65737,"depth":113,"text":65798},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64449,"description":65800},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65807,"title":65808,"body":65809,"description":67751,"extension":1546,"meta":67752,"navigation":109,"path":67753,"seo":67754,"stem":67755,"__hash__":67756},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65810,"toc":67711},[65811,65816,65821,65824,65833,65890,65896,65901,65905,65919,65925,65927,65950,65967,65969,66030,66032,66064,66077,66079,66082,66182,66184,66262,66268,66272,66280,66284,66290,66345,66347,66371,66375,66378,66431,66433,66457,66461,66464,66517,66519,66543,66547,66553,66624,66626,66667,66673,66680,66683,66688,66696,66701,66709,66711,66808,66810,66879,66886,66891,66893,66897,66902,66904,66975,66977,67006,67012,67014,67041,67044,67067,67071,67074,67096,67099,67122,67124,67184,67186,67218,67224,67229,67282,67284,67309,67312,67361,67363,67384,67388,67393,67396,67451,67453,67480,67487,67491,67496,67567,67570,67584,67589,67594,67596,67610,67622,67627,67629,67634,67639,67643,67646,67652,67658,67665,67673,67675,67708],[10,65812,53938,65814,10920],{"id":65813},"python-list-insert-method",[52,65815,53864],{},[14,65817,65818,65820],{},[52,65819,53507],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[14,65822,65823],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[14,65825,1440,65826,65828,65829,198],{},[52,65827,53864],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[194,65830,55116,65831,10339],{"href":56365},[52,65832,52248],{},[45,65834,65836],{"className":47,"code":65835,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,65837,65838,65858,65876,65886],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65839,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852,65854,65856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65841,243],{"class":61},[55,65843,66],{"class":65},[55,65845,3211],{"class":69},[55,65847,152],{"class":130},[55,65849,83],{"class":69},[55,65851,976],{"class":130},[55,65853,83],{"class":69},[55,65855,2042],{"class":130},[55,65857,386],{"class":69},[55,65859,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870,65872,65874],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,65861,275],{"class":61},[55,65863,198],{"class":69},[55,65865,53547],{"class":123},[55,65867,120],{"class":69},[55,65869,309],{"class":130},[55,65871,83],{"class":69},[55,65873,2036],{"class":130},[55,65875,103],{"class":69},[55,65877,65878,65880,65882,65884],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,65879,117],{"class":116},[55,65881,120],{"class":69},[55,65883,275],{"class":123},[55,65885,103],{"class":69},[55,65887,65888],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,65889,52319],{"class":137},[14,65891,1440,65892,65895],{},[52,65893,65894],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[37,65897,3265,65899,3268],{"id":65898},"what-listinsert-does",[52,65900,53507],{},[14,65902,65903,854],{},[52,65904,53507],{},[21,65906,65907,65910,65913,65915],{},[24,65908,65909],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[24,65911,65912],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[24,65914,54024],{},[24,65916,11022,65917],{},[52,65918,3368],{},[14,65920,65921,65922,65924],{},"That last point is important. ",[52,65923,53864],{}," does not create a new list.",[37,65926,5023],{"id":5022},[45,65928,65930],{"className":47,"code":65929,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[52,65931,65932],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65933,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944,65946,65948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65935,7934],{"class":61},[55,65937,198],{"class":69},[55,65939,53547],{"class":123},[55,65941,120],{"class":69},[55,65943,383],{"class":123},[55,65945,83],{"class":69},[55,65947,29104],{"class":123},[55,65949,103],{"class":69},[21,65951,65952,65957,65962],{},[24,65953,65954,65956],{},[52,65955,383],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[24,65958,65959,65961],{},[52,65960,22907],{}," is the value to add",[24,65963,65964,65965],{},"The first list position is index ",[52,65966,131],{},[14,65968,233],{},[45,65970,65972],{"className":47,"code":65971,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,65973,65974,65998,66020],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,65975,65976,65978,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992,65994,65996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,65977,769],{"class":61},[55,65979,66],{"class":65},[55,65981,3211],{"class":69},[55,65983,74],{"class":73},[55,65985,194],{"class":77},[55,65987,74],{"class":73},[55,65989,83],{"class":69},[55,65991,86],{"class":73},[55,65993,795],{"class":77},[55,65995,74],{"class":73},[55,65997,386],{"class":69},[55,65999,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014,66016,66018],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66001,812],{"class":61},[55,66003,198],{"class":69},[55,66005,53547],{"class":123},[55,66007,120],{"class":69},[55,66009,152],{"class":130},[55,66011,83],{"class":69},[55,66013,86],{"class":73},[55,66015,786],{"class":77},[55,66017,74],{"class":73},[55,66019,103],{"class":69},[55,66021,66022,66024,66026,66028],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66023,117],{"class":116},[55,66025,120],{"class":69},[55,66027,812],{"class":123},[55,66029,103],{"class":69},[14,66031,314],{},[45,66033,66034],{"className":47,"code":42472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,66035,66036],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66037,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058,66060,66062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66039,127],{"class":69},[55,66041,2889],{"class":73},[55,66043,194],{"class":77},[55,66045,2889],{"class":73},[55,66047,83],{"class":69},[55,66049,2884],{"class":73},[55,66051,786],{"class":77},[55,66053,2889],{"class":73},[55,66055,83],{"class":69},[55,66057,2884],{"class":73},[55,66059,795],{"class":77},[55,66061,2889],{"class":73},[55,66063,386],{"class":69},[14,66065,20367,66066,66068,66069,66071,66072,3983,66074,198],{},[52,66067,65191],{}," is inserted at index ",[52,66070,152],{},", so it appears between ",[52,66073,17693],{},[52,66075,66076],{},"\"c\"",[37,66078,5380],{"id":5379},[14,66080,66081],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[45,66083,66085],{"className":47,"code":66084,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[52,66086,66087,66119,66137,66141,66163],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66088,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113,66115,66117],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66090,62],{"class":61},[55,66092,66],{"class":65},[55,66094,3211],{"class":69},[55,66096,74],{"class":73},[55,66098,78],{"class":77},[55,66100,74],{"class":73},[55,66102,83],{"class":69},[55,66104,86],{"class":73},[55,66106,98],{"class":77},[55,66108,74],{"class":73},[55,66110,83],{"class":69},[55,66112,86],{"class":73},[55,66114,89],{"class":77},[55,66116,74],{"class":73},[55,66118,386],{"class":69},[55,66120,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131,66133,66135],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66122,117],{"class":116},[55,66124,120],{"class":69},[55,66126,74],{"class":73},[55,66128,11162],{"class":77},[55,66130,74],{"class":73},[55,66132,83],{"class":69},[55,66134,12721],{"class":123},[55,66136,103],{"class":69},[55,66138,66139],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66140,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,66142,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157,66159,66161],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,66144,124],{"class":61},[55,66146,198],{"class":69},[55,66148,53547],{"class":123},[55,66150,120],{"class":69},[55,66152,152],{"class":130},[55,66154,83],{"class":69},[55,66156,86],{"class":73},[55,66158,1285],{"class":77},[55,66160,74],{"class":73},[55,66162,103],{"class":69},[55,66164,66165,66167,66169,66171,66174,66176,66178,66180],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,66166,117],{"class":116},[55,66168,120],{"class":69},[55,66170,74],{"class":73},[55,66172,66173],{"class":77},"After: ",[55,66175,74],{"class":73},[55,66177,83],{"class":69},[55,66179,12721],{"class":123},[55,66181,103],{"class":69},[14,66183,314],{},[45,66185,66187],{"className":47,"code":66186,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[52,66188,66189,66221],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66190,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215,66217,66219],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66192,11222],{"class":61},[55,66194,854],{"class":69},[55,66196,3211],{"class":69},[55,66198,2889],{"class":73},[55,66200,78],{"class":77},[55,66202,2889],{"class":73},[55,66204,83],{"class":69},[55,66206,2884],{"class":73},[55,66208,98],{"class":77},[55,66210,2889],{"class":73},[55,66212,83],{"class":69},[55,66214,2884],{"class":73},[55,66216,89],{"class":77},[55,66218,2889],{"class":73},[55,66220,386],{"class":69},[55,66222,66223,66225,66227,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256,66258,66260],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66224,11275],{"class":61},[55,66226,854],{"class":69},[55,66228,66229],{"class":69},"  [",[55,66231,2889],{"class":73},[55,66233,78],{"class":77},[55,66235,2889],{"class":73},[55,66237,83],{"class":69},[55,66239,2884],{"class":73},[55,66241,1285],{"class":77},[55,66243,2889],{"class":73},[55,66245,83],{"class":69},[55,66247,2884],{"class":73},[55,66249,98],{"class":77},[55,66251,2889],{"class":73},[55,66253,83],{"class":69},[55,66255,2884],{"class":73},[55,66257,89],{"class":77},[55,66259,2889],{"class":73},[55,66261,386],{"class":69},[14,66263,66264,66265,66267],{},"The new value appears at index ",[52,66266,152],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[37,66269,66271],{"id":66270},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[14,66273,1563,66274,34930,66276,66279],{},[52,66275,383],{},[52,66277,66278],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[1425,66281,66283],{"id":66282},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[14,66285,66286,66287,66289],{},"Use index ",[52,66288,131],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[45,66291,66293],{"className":47,"code":66292,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[52,66294,66295,66316,66335],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66296,66297,66300,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310,66312,66314],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66298,66299],{"class":61},"nums ",[55,66301,66],{"class":65},[55,66303,3211],{"class":69},[55,66305,309],{"class":130},[55,66307,83],{"class":69},[55,66309,2036],{"class":130},[55,66311,83],{"class":69},[55,66313,2042],{"class":130},[55,66315,386],{"class":69},[55,66317,66318,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329,66331,66333],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66319,66320],{"class":61},"nums",[55,66322,198],{"class":69},[55,66324,53547],{"class":123},[55,66326,120],{"class":69},[55,66328,131],{"class":130},[55,66330,83],{"class":69},[55,66332,5090],{"class":130},[55,66334,103],{"class":69},[55,66336,66337,66339,66341,66343],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66338,117],{"class":116},[55,66340,120],{"class":69},[55,66342,66320],{"class":123},[55,66344,103],{"class":69},[14,66346,314],{},[45,66348,66349],{"className":47,"code":53101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,66350,66351],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66352,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365,66367,66369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66354,127],{"class":69},[55,66356,152],{"class":130},[55,66358,83],{"class":69},[55,66360,976],{"class":130},[55,66362,83],{"class":69},[55,66364,2036],{"class":130},[55,66366,83],{"class":69},[55,66368,2042],{"class":130},[55,66370,386],{"class":69},[1425,66372,66374],{"id":66373},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[14,66376,66377],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[45,66379,66381],{"className":47,"code":66380,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[52,66382,66383,66403,66421],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66384,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397,66399,66401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66386,66299],{"class":61},[55,66388,66],{"class":65},[55,66390,3211],{"class":69},[55,66392,152],{"class":130},[55,66394,83],{"class":69},[55,66396,976],{"class":130},[55,66398,83],{"class":69},[55,66400,2042],{"class":130},[55,66402,386],{"class":69},[55,66404,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415,66417,66419],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66406,66320],{"class":61},[55,66408,198],{"class":69},[55,66410,53547],{"class":123},[55,66412,120],{"class":69},[55,66414,309],{"class":130},[55,66416,83],{"class":69},[55,66418,2036],{"class":130},[55,66420,103],{"class":69},[55,66422,66423,66425,66427,66429],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66424,117],{"class":116},[55,66426,120],{"class":69},[55,66428,66320],{"class":123},[55,66430,103],{"class":69},[14,66432,314],{},[45,66434,66435],{"className":47,"code":53101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,66436,66437],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66438,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451,66453,66455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66440,127],{"class":69},[55,66442,152],{"class":130},[55,66444,83],{"class":69},[55,66446,976],{"class":130},[55,66448,83],{"class":69},[55,66450,2036],{"class":130},[55,66452,83],{"class":69},[55,66454,2042],{"class":130},[55,66456,386],{"class":69},[1425,66458,66460],{"id":66459},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[14,66462,66463],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[45,66465,66467],{"className":47,"code":66466,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[52,66468,66469,66489,66507],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66470,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483,66485,66487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66472,66299],{"class":61},[55,66474,66],{"class":65},[55,66476,3211],{"class":69},[55,66478,152],{"class":130},[55,66480,83],{"class":69},[55,66482,976],{"class":130},[55,66484,83],{"class":69},[55,66486,2036],{"class":130},[55,66488,386],{"class":69},[55,66490,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501,66503,66505],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66492,66320],{"class":61},[55,66494,198],{"class":69},[55,66496,53547],{"class":123},[55,66498,120],{"class":69},[55,66500,250],{"class":130},[55,66502,83],{"class":69},[55,66504,2042],{"class":130},[55,66506,103],{"class":69},[55,66508,66509,66511,66513,66515],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66510,117],{"class":116},[55,66512,120],{"class":69},[55,66514,66320],{"class":123},[55,66516,103],{"class":69},[14,66518,314],{},[45,66520,66521],{"className":47,"code":53101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,66522,66523],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66524,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537,66539,66541],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66526,127],{"class":69},[55,66528,152],{"class":130},[55,66530,83],{"class":69},[55,66532,976],{"class":130},[55,66534,83],{"class":69},[55,66536,2036],{"class":130},[55,66538,83],{"class":69},[55,66540,2042],{"class":130},[55,66542,386],{"class":69},[1425,66544,66546],{"id":66545},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[14,66548,66549,66550,66552],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[52,66551,53864],{}," places the item before that position.",[45,66554,66556],{"className":47,"code":66555,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,66557,66558,66590,66614],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66559,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584,66586,66588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66561,769],{"class":61},[55,66563,66],{"class":65},[55,66565,3211],{"class":69},[55,66567,74],{"class":73},[55,66569,194],{"class":77},[55,66571,74],{"class":73},[55,66573,83],{"class":69},[55,66575,86],{"class":73},[55,66577,786],{"class":77},[55,66579,74],{"class":73},[55,66581,83],{"class":69},[55,66583,86],{"class":73},[55,66585,18365],{"class":77},[55,66587,74],{"class":73},[55,66589,386],{"class":69},[55,66591,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608,66610,66612],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66593,812],{"class":61},[55,66595,198],{"class":69},[55,66597,53547],{"class":123},[55,66599,120],{"class":69},[55,66601,171],{"class":65},[55,66603,152],{"class":130},[55,66605,83],{"class":69},[55,66607,86],{"class":73},[55,66609,795],{"class":77},[55,66611,74],{"class":73},[55,66613,103],{"class":69},[55,66615,66616,66618,66620,66622],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66617,117],{"class":116},[55,66619,120],{"class":69},[55,66621,812],{"class":123},[55,66623,103],{"class":69},[14,66625,314],{},[45,66627,66629],{"className":47,"code":66628,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[52,66630,66631],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66632,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661,66663,66665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66634,127],{"class":69},[55,66636,2889],{"class":73},[55,66638,194],{"class":77},[55,66640,2889],{"class":73},[55,66642,83],{"class":69},[55,66644,2884],{"class":73},[55,66646,786],{"class":77},[55,66648,2889],{"class":73},[55,66650,83],{"class":69},[55,66652,2884],{"class":73},[55,66654,795],{"class":77},[55,66656,2889],{"class":73},[55,66658,83],{"class":69},[55,66660,2884],{"class":73},[55,66662,18365],{"class":77},[55,66664,2889],{"class":73},[55,66666,386],{"class":69},[14,66668,66669,66670,1889],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[194,66671,66672],{"href":50575},"Python lists beginner guide",[37,66674,66676,10183,66678],{"id":66675},"insert-vs-append",[52,66677,53864],{},[52,66679,52248],{},[14,66681,66682],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[1425,66684,1440,66686,10199],{"id":66685},"use-insert-when",[52,66687,53864],{},[21,66689,66690,66693],{},[24,66691,66692],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[24,66694,66695],{},"The order of the list matters",[1425,66697,1440,66699,10199],{"id":66698},"use-append-when",[52,66700,52248],{},[21,66702,66703,66706],{},[24,66704,66705],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[24,66707,66708],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[14,66710,233],{},[45,66712,66714],{"className":47,"code":66713,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[52,66715,66716,66740,66744,66766,66776,66780,66798],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66717,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66719,7375],{"class":61},[55,66721,66],{"class":65},[55,66723,3211],{"class":69},[55,66725,74],{"class":73},[55,66727,407],{"class":77},[55,66729,74],{"class":73},[55,66731,83],{"class":69},[55,66733,86],{"class":73},[55,66735,32820],{"class":77},[55,66737,74],{"class":73},[55,66739,386],{"class":69},[55,66741,66742],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66743,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,66745,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760,66762,66764],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66747,7404],{"class":61},[55,66749,198],{"class":69},[55,66751,53547],{"class":123},[55,66753,120],{"class":69},[55,66755,152],{"class":130},[55,66757,83],{"class":69},[55,66759,86],{"class":73},[55,66761,416],{"class":77},[55,66763,74],{"class":73},[55,66765,103],{"class":69},[55,66767,66768,66770,66772,66774],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,66769,117],{"class":116},[55,66771,120],{"class":69},[55,66773,7404],{"class":123},[55,66775,103],{"class":69},[55,66777,66778],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,66779,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,66781,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794,66796],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,66783,7404],{"class":61},[55,66785,198],{"class":69},[55,66787,13149],{"class":123},[55,66789,120],{"class":69},[55,66791,74],{"class":73},[55,66793,22129],{"class":77},[55,66795,74],{"class":73},[55,66797,103],{"class":69},[55,66799,66800,66802,66804,66806],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,66801,117],{"class":116},[55,66803,120],{"class":69},[55,66805,7404],{"class":123},[55,66807,103],{"class":69},[14,66809,314],{},[45,66811,66813],{"className":47,"code":66812,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[52,66814,66815,66843],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66816,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66818,127],{"class":69},[55,66820,2889],{"class":73},[55,66822,407],{"class":77},[55,66824,2889],{"class":73},[55,66826,83],{"class":69},[55,66828,2884],{"class":73},[55,66830,416],{"class":77},[55,66832,2889],{"class":73},[55,66834,83],{"class":69},[55,66836,2884],{"class":73},[55,66838,32820],{"class":77},[55,66840,2889],{"class":73},[55,66842,386],{"class":69},[55,66844,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66846,127],{"class":69},[55,66848,2889],{"class":73},[55,66850,407],{"class":77},[55,66852,2889],{"class":73},[55,66854,83],{"class":69},[55,66856,2884],{"class":73},[55,66858,416],{"class":77},[55,66860,2889],{"class":73},[55,66862,83],{"class":69},[55,66864,2884],{"class":73},[55,66866,32820],{"class":77},[55,66868,2889],{"class":73},[55,66870,83],{"class":69},[55,66872,2884],{"class":73},[55,66874,22129],{"class":77},[55,66876,2889],{"class":73},[55,66878,386],{"class":69},[14,66880,66881,66882,198],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[194,66883,55116,66884,10339],{"href":56365},[52,66885,52248],{},[14,66887,66888,66889,198],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[194,66890,52645],{"href":52644},[37,66892,4109],{"id":4108},[14,66894,14330,66895,198],{},[52,66896,53864],{},[1425,66898,12194,66900],{"id":66899},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[52,66901,53864],{},[14,66903,25287],{},[45,66905,66907],{"className":47,"code":66906,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,66908,66909,66929,66951,66955,66965],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66910,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66912,243],{"class":61},[55,66914,66],{"class":65},[55,66916,3211],{"class":69},[55,66918,152],{"class":130},[55,66920,83],{"class":69},[55,66922,976],{"class":130},[55,66924,83],{"class":69},[55,66926,2036],{"class":130},[55,66928,386],{"class":69},[55,66930,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945,66947,66949],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66932,1814],{"class":61},[55,66934,66],{"class":65},[55,66936,3852],{"class":61},[55,66938,198],{"class":69},[55,66940,53547],{"class":123},[55,66942,120],{"class":69},[55,66944,152],{"class":130},[55,66946,83],{"class":69},[55,66948,9794],{"class":130},[55,66950,103],{"class":69},[55,66952,66953],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,66954,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,66956,66957,66959,66961,66963],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,66958,117],{"class":116},[55,66960,120],{"class":69},[55,66962,1849],{"class":123},[55,66964,103],{"class":69},[55,66966,66967,66969,66971,66973],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,66968,117],{"class":116},[55,66970,120],{"class":69},[55,66972,275],{"class":123},[55,66974,103],{"class":69},[14,66976,314],{},[45,66978,66980],{"className":47,"code":66979,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[52,66981,66982,66986],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,66983,66984],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,66985,11407],{"class":3443},[55,66987,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000,67002,67004],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,66989,127],{"class":69},[55,66991,152],{"class":130},[55,66993,83],{"class":69},[55,66995,9794],{"class":130},[55,66997,83],{"class":69},[55,66999,976],{"class":130},[55,67001,83],{"class":69},[55,67003,2036],{"class":130},[55,67005,386],{"class":69},[14,67007,67008,53749,67010,198],{},[52,67009,53864],{},[52,67011,3368],{},[14,67013,16241],{},[45,67015,67017],{"className":47,"code":67016,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[52,67018,67019],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67020,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035,67037,67039],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67022,55486],{"class":61},[55,67024,66],{"class":65},[55,67026,3852],{"class":61},[55,67028,198],{"class":69},[55,67030,53547],{"class":123},[55,67032,120],{"class":69},[55,67034,152],{"class":130},[55,67036,83],{"class":69},[55,67038,9794],{"class":130},[55,67040,103],{"class":69},[14,67042,67043],{},"Right:",[45,67045,67047],{"className":47,"code":67046,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[52,67048,67049],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67050,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061,67063,67065],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67052,275],{"class":61},[55,67054,198],{"class":69},[55,67056,53547],{"class":123},[55,67058,120],{"class":69},[55,67060,152],{"class":130},[55,67062,83],{"class":69},[55,67064,9794],{"class":130},[55,67066,103],{"class":69},[1425,67068,67070],{"id":67069},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[14,67072,67073],{},"The correct order is:",[45,67075,67076],{"className":47,"code":65929,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,67077,67078],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67079,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092,67094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67081,7934],{"class":61},[55,67083,198],{"class":69},[55,67085,53547],{"class":123},[55,67087,120],{"class":69},[55,67089,383],{"class":123},[55,67091,83],{"class":69},[55,67093,29104],{"class":123},[55,67095,103],{"class":69},[14,67097,67098],{},"Not:",[45,67100,67102],{"className":47,"code":67101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[52,67103,67104],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67105,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116,67118,67120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67107,7934],{"class":61},[55,67109,198],{"class":69},[55,67111,53547],{"class":123},[55,67113,120],{"class":69},[55,67115,22907],{"class":123},[55,67117,83],{"class":69},[55,67119,35422],{"class":123},[55,67121,103],{"class":69},[14,67123,233],{},[45,67125,67126],{"className":47,"code":65971,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,67127,67128,67152,67174],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67129,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146,67148,67150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67131,769],{"class":61},[55,67133,66],{"class":65},[55,67135,3211],{"class":69},[55,67137,74],{"class":73},[55,67139,194],{"class":77},[55,67141,74],{"class":73},[55,67143,83],{"class":69},[55,67145,86],{"class":73},[55,67147,795],{"class":77},[55,67149,74],{"class":73},[55,67151,386],{"class":69},[55,67153,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168,67170,67172],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,67155,812],{"class":61},[55,67157,198],{"class":69},[55,67159,53547],{"class":123},[55,67161,120],{"class":69},[55,67163,152],{"class":130},[55,67165,83],{"class":69},[55,67167,86],{"class":73},[55,67169,786],{"class":77},[55,67171,74],{"class":73},[55,67173,103],{"class":69},[55,67175,67176,67178,67180,67182],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,67177,117],{"class":116},[55,67179,120],{"class":69},[55,67181,812],{"class":123},[55,67183,103],{"class":69},[14,67185,314],{},[45,67187,67188],{"className":47,"code":42472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,67189,67190],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67191,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67193,127],{"class":69},[55,67195,2889],{"class":73},[55,67197,194],{"class":77},[55,67199,2889],{"class":73},[55,67201,83],{"class":69},[55,67203,2884],{"class":73},[55,67205,786],{"class":77},[55,67207,2889],{"class":73},[55,67209,83],{"class":69},[55,67211,2884],{"class":73},[55,67213,795],{"class":77},[55,67215,2889],{"class":73},[55,67217,386],{"class":69},[1425,67219,8048,67221,67223],{"id":67220},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[52,67222,53864],{}," to replace an item",[14,67225,67226,67228],{},[52,67227,53864],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[45,67230,67232],{"className":47,"code":67231,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,67233,67234,67254,67272],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67235,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248,67250,67252],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67237,243],{"class":61},[55,67239,66],{"class":65},[55,67241,3211],{"class":69},[55,67243,152],{"class":130},[55,67245,83],{"class":69},[55,67247,976],{"class":130},[55,67249,83],{"class":69},[55,67251,2036],{"class":130},[55,67253,386],{"class":69},[55,67255,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,67257,275],{"class":61},[55,67259,198],{"class":69},[55,67261,53547],{"class":123},[55,67263,120],{"class":69},[55,67265,152],{"class":130},[55,67267,83],{"class":69},[55,67269,9794],{"class":130},[55,67271,103],{"class":69},[55,67273,67274,67276,67278,67280],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,67275,117],{"class":116},[55,67277,120],{"class":69},[55,67279,275],{"class":123},[55,67281,103],{"class":69},[14,67283,314],{},[45,67285,67287],{"className":47,"code":67286,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[52,67288,67289],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67290,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67292,127],{"class":69},[55,67294,152],{"class":130},[55,67296,83],{"class":69},[55,67298,9794],{"class":130},[55,67300,83],{"class":69},[55,67302,976],{"class":130},[55,67304,83],{"class":69},[55,67306,2036],{"class":130},[55,67308,386],{"class":69},[14,67310,67311],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[45,67313,67315],{"className":47,"code":67314,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,67316,67317,67337,67351],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67318,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67320,243],{"class":61},[55,67322,66],{"class":65},[55,67324,3211],{"class":69},[55,67326,152],{"class":130},[55,67328,83],{"class":69},[55,67330,976],{"class":130},[55,67332,83],{"class":69},[55,67334,2036],{"class":130},[55,67336,386],{"class":69},[55,67338,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,67340,275],{"class":61},[55,67342,127],{"class":69},[55,67344,152],{"class":130},[55,67346,1277],{"class":69},[55,67348,1280],{"class":65},[55,67350,13727],{"class":130},[55,67352,67353,67355,67357,67359],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,67354,117],{"class":116},[55,67356,120],{"class":69},[55,67358,275],{"class":123},[55,67360,103],{"class":69},[14,67362,314],{},[45,67364,67366],{"className":47,"code":67365,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[52,67367,67368],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67369,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378,67380,67382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67371,127],{"class":69},[55,67373,152],{"class":130},[55,67375,83],{"class":69},[55,67377,9794],{"class":130},[55,67379,83],{"class":69},[55,67381,2036],{"class":130},[55,67383,386],{"class":69},[1425,67385,67387],{"id":67386},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[14,67389,67390,67392],{},[52,67391,53864],{}," adds one item each time.",[14,67394,67395],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[45,67397,67399],{"className":47,"code":67398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,67400,67401,67417,67441],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67402,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411,67413,67415],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67404,243],{"class":61},[55,67406,66],{"class":65},[55,67408,3211],{"class":69},[55,67410,152],{"class":130},[55,67412,83],{"class":69},[55,67414,2042],{"class":130},[55,67416,386],{"class":69},[55,67418,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435,67437,67439],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,67420,275],{"class":61},[55,67422,198],{"class":69},[55,67424,53547],{"class":123},[55,67426,120],{"class":69},[55,67428,152],{"class":130},[55,67430,83],{"class":69},[55,67432,3211],{"class":69},[55,67434,309],{"class":130},[55,67436,83],{"class":69},[55,67438,2036],{"class":130},[55,67440,282],{"class":69},[55,67442,67443,67445,67447,67449],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,67444,117],{"class":116},[55,67446,120],{"class":69},[55,67448,275],{"class":123},[55,67450,103],{"class":69},[14,67452,314],{},[45,67454,67456],{"className":47,"code":67455,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[52,67457,67458],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67459,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67461,127],{"class":69},[55,67463,152],{"class":130},[55,67465,83],{"class":69},[55,67467,3211],{"class":69},[55,67469,309],{"class":130},[55,67471,83],{"class":69},[55,67473,2036],{"class":130},[55,67475,17659],{"class":69},[55,67477,2042],{"class":130},[55,67479,386],{"class":69},[14,67481,67482,67483,198],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[194,67484,55116,67485,10339],{"href":52940},[52,67486,53042],{},[1425,67488,67490],{"id":67489},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[14,67492,8472,67493,67495],{},[52,67494,53864],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[45,67497,67499],{"className":47,"code":67498,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[52,67500,67501,67511,67525,67543,67557],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67502,67503,67505,67507,67509],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67504,117],{"class":116},[55,67506,120],{"class":69},[55,67508,7934],{"class":123},[55,67510,103],{"class":69},[55,67512,67513,67515,67517,67519,67521,67523],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,67514,117],{"class":116},[55,67516,120],{"class":69},[55,67518,940],{"class":116},[55,67520,120],{"class":69},[55,67522,7934],{"class":123},[55,67524,1357],{"class":69},[55,67526,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,67528,117],{"class":116},[55,67530,120],{"class":69},[55,67532,7934],{"class":123},[55,67534,198],{"class":69},[55,67536,53547],{"class":24347},[55,67538,198],{"class":69},[55,67540,34046],{"class":844},[55,67542,103],{"class":69},[55,67544,67545,67547,67549,67551,67553,67555],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,67546,31751],{"class":116},[55,67548,120],{"class":69},[55,67550,7688],{"class":850},[55,67552,198],{"class":69},[55,67554,53547],{"class":24347},[55,67556,103],{"class":69},[55,67558,67559,67561,67563,67565],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,67560,1396],{"class":850},[55,67562,120],{"class":69},[55,67564,7934],{"class":123},[55,67566,103],{"class":69},[14,67568,67569],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[21,67571,67572,67575,67578,67581],{},[24,67573,67574],{},"What is currently in the list",[24,67576,67577],{},"How long the list is",[24,67579,67580],{},"That you are working with a real list",[24,67582,67583],{},"How Python describes the method",[37,67585,4553,67587],{"id":67586},"when-to-use-insert",[52,67588,53864],{},[14,67590,1440,67591,67593],{},[52,67592,53864],{}," when position matters.",[14,67595,36021],{},[21,67597,67598,67601,67604,67607],{},[24,67599,67600],{},"Ordered menus",[24,67602,67603],{},"Rankings or score lists",[24,67605,67606],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[24,67608,67609],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[14,67611,67612,67613,67615,67616,67618,67619,67621],{},"You usually do ",[3332,67614,4222],{}," need ",[52,67617,53864],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[52,67620,52248],{}," is simpler.",[14,67623,67624,67625,198],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[194,67626,56751],{"href":56750},[37,67628,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,67630,12304,67632,55065],{"id":67631},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[52,67633,53507],{},[14,67635,67636,67637,198],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[52,67638,3368],{},[1425,67640,67642],{"id":67641},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[14,67644,67645],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[1425,67647,4761,67649,67651],{"id":67648},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[52,67650,53507],{}," add multiple items?",[14,67653,67654,67655,67657],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[52,67656,53042],{}," or slicing.",[1425,67659,4771,67661,3983,67663,2078],{"id":67660},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[52,67662,53864],{},[52,67664,52248],{},[14,67666,67667,67669,67670,67672],{},[52,67668,53864],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[52,67671,52248],{}," adds only at the end.",[37,67674,1495],{"id":1494},[21,67676,67677,67683,67689,67693,67697,67701],{},[24,67678,67679],{},[194,67680,55116,67681,10339],{"href":56365},[52,67682,52248],{},[24,67684,67685],{},[194,67686,55116,67687,10339],{"href":52940},[52,67688,53042],{},[24,67690,67691],{},[194,67692,53874],{"href":52644},[24,67694,67695],{},[194,67696,52367],{"href":50575},[24,67698,67699],{},[194,67700,56825],{"href":56750},[24,67702,67703],{},[194,67704,29945,67705,33233],{"href":53892},[52,67706,67707],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1524,67709,67710],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":67712},[67713,67715,67716,67717,67723,67730,67739,67741,67750],{"id":65898,"depth":106,"text":67714},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5022,"depth":106,"text":5023},{"id":5379,"depth":106,"text":5380},{"id":66270,"depth":106,"text":66271,"children":67718},[67719,67720,67721,67722],{"id":66282,"depth":113,"text":66283},{"id":66373,"depth":113,"text":66374},{"id":66459,"depth":113,"text":66460},{"id":66545,"depth":113,"text":66546},{"id":66675,"depth":106,"text":67724,"children":67725},"insert() vs append()",[67726,67728],{"id":66685,"depth":113,"text":67727},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66698,"depth":113,"text":67729},"Use append() when:",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":67731},[67732,67734,67735,67737,67738],{"id":66899,"depth":113,"text":67733},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67069,"depth":113,"text":67070},{"id":67220,"depth":113,"text":67736},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67386,"depth":113,"text":67387},{"id":67489,"depth":113,"text":67490},{"id":67586,"depth":106,"text":67740},"When to use insert()",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":67742},[67743,67745,67746,67748],{"id":67631,"depth":113,"text":67744},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67641,"depth":113,"text":67642},{"id":67648,"depth":113,"text":67747},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67660,"depth":113,"text":67749},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65808,"description":67751},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67758,"title":67759,"body":67760,"description":69315,"extension":1546,"meta":69316,"navigation":109,"path":58570,"seo":69317,"stem":69318,"__hash__":69319},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67761,"toc":69288},[67762,67768,67777,67826,67828,67836,67842,67844,67862,67868,67873,67876,67879,67894,67896,67948,67950,67958,67966,67973,67975,67981,68046,68048,68056,68058,68077,68080,68131,68135,68140,68167,68169,68177,68180,68249,68251,68266,68272,68276,68285,68288,68343,68345,68353,68356,68358,68403,68405,68413,68419,68421,68429,68432,68434,68473,68475,68514,68519,68521,68523,68558,68561,68563,68601,68605,68611,68613,68664,68666,68674,68681,68684,68705,68708,68763,68774,68776,68837,68839,68848,68855,68861,68864,68867,68924,68927,68940,68947,68953,68959,68961,68974,68977,69074,69076,69093,69096,69178,69180,69202,69209,69215,69217,69221,69227,69233,69238,69242,69245,69251,69258,69260,69285],[10,67763,67765,67766,970],{"id":67764},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[52,67767,940],{},[14,67769,67770,67771,67773,67774,67776],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[52,67772,889],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[52,67775,889],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[45,67778,67780],{"className":47,"code":67779,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[52,67781,67782,67802,67816],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67783,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794,67796,67798,67800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67785,243],{"class":61},[55,67787,66],{"class":65},[55,67789,3211],{"class":69},[55,67791,250],{"class":130},[55,67793,83],{"class":69},[55,67795,255],{"class":130},[55,67797,83],{"class":69},[55,67799,260],{"class":130},[55,67801,386],{"class":69},[55,67803,67804,67806,67808,67810,67812,67814],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,67805,40838],{"class":61},[55,67807,66],{"class":65},[55,67809,963],{"class":116},[55,67811,120],{"class":69},[55,67813,275],{"class":123},[55,67815,103],{"class":69},[55,67817,67818,67820,67822,67824],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,67819,117],{"class":116},[55,67821,120],{"class":69},[55,67823,40856],{"class":123},[55,67825,103],{"class":69},[14,67827,314],{},[45,67829,67830],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,67831,67832],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67833,67834],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67835,46215],{"class":130},[14,67837,1440,67838,67841],{},[52,67839,67840],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[37,67843,14760],{"id":14759},[21,67845,67846,67851,67856,67859],{},[24,67847,3787,67848,67850],{},[52,67849,889],{}," works with Python lists",[24,67852,67853,67854,11304],{},"What value ",[52,67855,889],{},[24,67857,67858],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[24,67860,67861],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[37,67863,3265,67865,67867],{"id":67864},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[52,67866,889],{}," returns for a list",[14,67869,67870,64681],{},[52,67871,67872],{},"len(my_list)",[14,67874,67875],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[14,67877,67878],{},"A few important points:",[21,67880,67881,67884,67889],{},[24,67882,67883],{},"It counts list items",[24,67885,40502,67886,67888],{},[3332,67887,4222],{}," count characters inside a string item",[24,67890,67891,67892],{},"An empty list returns ",[52,67893,131],{},[14,67895,233],{},[45,67897,67899],{"className":47,"code":67898,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[52,67900,67901,67934],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67902,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919,67922,67924,67926,67928,67930,67932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67904,3661],{"class":61},[55,67906,66],{"class":65},[55,67908,3211],{"class":69},[55,67910,74],{"class":73},[55,67912,36643],{"class":77},[55,67914,74],{"class":73},[55,67916,83],{"class":69},[55,67918,86],{"class":73},[55,67920,67921],{"class":77},"elephant",[55,67923,74],{"class":73},[55,67925,83],{"class":69},[55,67927,86],{"class":73},[55,67929,57724],{"class":77},[55,67931,74],{"class":73},[55,67933,386],{"class":69},[55,67935,67936,67938,67940,67942,67944,67946],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,67937,117],{"class":116},[55,67939,120],{"class":69},[55,67941,940],{"class":116},[55,67943,120],{"class":69},[55,67945,3702],{"class":123},[55,67947,1357],{"class":69},[14,67949,314],{},[45,67951,67952],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,67953,67954],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67955,67956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67957,46215],{"class":130},[14,67959,20574,67960,67963,67964,64688],{},[52,67961,67962],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3332,67965,52252],{},[14,67967,67968,67969,198],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[194,67970,3165,67971,3098],{"href":41955},[52,67972,889],{},[37,67974,5380],{"id":5379},[14,67976,67977,67978,67980],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[52,67979,889],{},", and print the result.",[45,67982,67984],{"className":47,"code":67983,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[52,67985,67986,68018,68032,68036],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,67987,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012,68014,68016],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,67989,62],{"class":61},[55,67991,66],{"class":65},[55,67993,3211],{"class":69},[55,67995,74],{"class":73},[55,67997,78],{"class":77},[55,67999,74],{"class":73},[55,68001,83],{"class":69},[55,68003,86],{"class":73},[55,68005,89],{"class":77},[55,68007,74],{"class":73},[55,68009,83],{"class":69},[55,68011,86],{"class":73},[55,68013,98],{"class":77},[55,68015,74],{"class":73},[55,68017,386],{"class":69},[55,68019,68020,68022,68024,68026,68028,68030],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68021,40838],{"class":61},[55,68023,66],{"class":65},[55,68025,963],{"class":116},[55,68027,120],{"class":69},[55,68029,124],{"class":123},[55,68031,103],{"class":69},[55,68033,68034],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,68035,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,68037,68038,68040,68042,68044],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,68039,117],{"class":116},[55,68041,120],{"class":69},[55,68043,40856],{"class":123},[55,68045,103],{"class":69},[14,68047,314],{},[45,68049,68050],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,68051,68052],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68053,68054],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68055,46215],{"class":130},[14,68057,11282],{},[21,68059,68060,68065,68072],{},[24,68061,68062,68064],{},[52,68063,124],{}," is a list with 3 items",[24,68066,68067,1981,68070],{},[52,68068,68069],{},"len(colors)",[52,68071,609],{},[24,68073,68074,68075],{},"That value is stored in ",[52,68076,40856],{},[14,68078,68079],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[45,68081,68083],{"className":47,"code":68082,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[52,68084,68085,68117],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68086,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111,68113,68115],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68088,62],{"class":61},[55,68090,66],{"class":65},[55,68092,3211],{"class":69},[55,68094,74],{"class":73},[55,68096,78],{"class":77},[55,68098,74],{"class":73},[55,68100,83],{"class":69},[55,68102,86],{"class":73},[55,68104,89],{"class":77},[55,68106,74],{"class":73},[55,68108,83],{"class":69},[55,68110,86],{"class":73},[55,68112,98],{"class":77},[55,68114,74],{"class":73},[55,68116,386],{"class":69},[55,68118,68119,68121,68123,68125,68127,68129],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68120,117],{"class":116},[55,68122,120],{"class":69},[55,68124,940],{"class":116},[55,68126,120],{"class":69},[55,68128,124],{"class":123},[55,68130,1357],{"class":69},[37,68132,68134],{"id":68133},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[14,68136,68137,68138,198],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[52,68139,131],{},[45,68141,68143],{"className":47,"code":68142,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[52,68144,68145,68153],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68146,68147,68149,68151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68148,7375],{"class":61},[55,68150,66],{"class":65},[55,68152,7433],{"class":69},[55,68154,68155,68157,68159,68161,68163,68165],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68156,117],{"class":116},[55,68158,120],{"class":69},[55,68160,940],{"class":116},[55,68162,120],{"class":69},[55,68164,7404],{"class":123},[55,68166,1357],{"class":69},[14,68168,314],{},[45,68170,68171],{"className":47,"code":46850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,68172,68173],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68174,68175],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68176,46850],{"class":130},[14,68178,68179],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[45,68181,68183],{"className":47,"code":68182,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[52,68184,68185,68193,68197,68215,68229,68235],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68186,68187,68189,68191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68188,7375],{"class":61},[55,68190,66],{"class":65},[55,68192,7433],{"class":69},[55,68194,68195],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68196,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,68198,68199,68201,68203,68205,68207,68209,68211,68213],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,68200,960],{"class":959},[55,68202,963],{"class":116},[55,68204,120],{"class":69},[55,68206,7404],{"class":123},[55,68208,970],{"class":69},[55,68210,973],{"class":65},[55,68212,3424],{"class":130},[55,68214,979],{"class":69},[55,68216,68217,68219,68221,68223,68225,68227],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,68218,985],{"class":116},[55,68220,120],{"class":69},[55,68222,7404],{"class":123},[55,68224,127],{"class":69},[55,68226,131],{"class":130},[55,68228,282],{"class":69},[55,68230,68231,68233],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,68232,27030],{"class":959},[55,68234,979],{"class":69},[55,68236,68237,68239,68241,68243,68245,68247],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,68238,985],{"class":116},[55,68240,120],{"class":69},[55,68242,74],{"class":73},[55,68244,51411],{"class":77},[55,68246,74],{"class":73},[55,68248,103],{"class":69},[14,68250,314],{},[45,68252,68254],{"className":47,"code":68253,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"The list is empty\n",[52,68255,68256],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68257,68258,68260,68262,68264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68259,1563],{"class":61},[55,68261,7688],{"class":850},[55,68263,7691],{"class":65},[55,68265,7697],{"class":61},[14,68267,68268,68269,68271],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[194,68270,52367],{"href":50575}," is a good next step.",[37,68273,68275],{"id":68274},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[14,68277,68278,68280,68281,68284],{},[52,68279,889],{}," counts only the ",[3332,68282,68283],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[14,68286,68287],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[45,68289,68291],{"className":47,"code":68290,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[52,68292,68293,68329],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68294,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309,68311,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323,68325,68327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68296,8763],{"class":61},[55,68298,66],{"class":65},[55,68300,55890],{"class":69},[55,68302,152],{"class":130},[55,68304,83],{"class":69},[55,68306,976],{"class":130},[55,68308,17659],{"class":69},[55,68310,3211],{"class":69},[55,68312,609],{"class":130},[55,68314,83],{"class":69},[55,68316,2042],{"class":130},[55,68318,17659],{"class":69},[55,68320,3211],{"class":69},[55,68322,817],{"class":130},[55,68324,83],{"class":69},[55,68326,37240],{"class":130},[55,68328,52838],{"class":69},[55,68330,68331,68333,68335,68337,68339,68341],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68332,117],{"class":116},[55,68334,120],{"class":69},[55,68336,940],{"class":116},[55,68338,120],{"class":69},[55,68340,8802],{"class":123},[55,68342,1357],{"class":69},[14,68344,314],{},[45,68346,68347],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,68348,68349],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68350,68351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68352,46215],{"class":130},[14,68354,68355],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[14,68357,51675],{},[45,68359,68361],{"className":47,"code":68360,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[52,68362,68363,68389],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68364,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383,68385,68387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68366,59069],{"class":61},[55,68368,66],{"class":65},[55,68370,3211],{"class":69},[55,68372,152],{"class":130},[55,68374,83],{"class":69},[55,68376,3211],{"class":69},[55,68378,309],{"class":130},[55,68380,83],{"class":69},[55,68382,2036],{"class":130},[55,68384,17659],{"class":69},[55,68386,2042],{"class":130},[55,68388,386],{"class":69},[55,68390,68391,68393,68395,68397,68399,68401],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68392,117],{"class":116},[55,68394,120],{"class":69},[55,68396,940],{"class":116},[55,68398,120],{"class":69},[55,68400,59122],{"class":123},[55,68402,1357],{"class":69},[14,68404,314],{},[45,68406,68407],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,68408,68409],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68410,68411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68412,46215],{"class":130},[14,68414,20574,68415,68418],{},[52,68416,68417],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[37,68420,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,68422,8012,68424,1309,68427],{"id":68423},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[52,68425,68426],{},"my_list.len()",[52,68428,67872],{},[14,68430,68431],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[14,68433,16241],{},[45,68435,68437],{"className":47,"code":68436,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[52,68438,68439,68459],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68440,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453,68455,68457],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68442,243],{"class":61},[55,68444,66],{"class":65},[55,68446,3211],{"class":69},[55,68448,250],{"class":130},[55,68450,83],{"class":69},[55,68452,255],{"class":130},[55,68454,83],{"class":69},[55,68456,260],{"class":130},[55,68458,386],{"class":69},[55,68460,68461,68463,68465,68467,68469,68471],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68462,117],{"class":116},[55,68464,120],{"class":69},[55,68466,275],{"class":123},[55,68468,198],{"class":69},[55,68470,940],{"class":123},[55,68472,6788],{"class":69},[14,68474,16253],{},[45,68476,68478],{"className":47,"code":68477,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[52,68479,68480,68500],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68481,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496,68498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68483,243],{"class":61},[55,68485,66],{"class":65},[55,68487,3211],{"class":69},[55,68489,250],{"class":130},[55,68491,83],{"class":69},[55,68493,255],{"class":130},[55,68495,83],{"class":69},[55,68497,260],{"class":130},[55,68499,386],{"class":69},[55,68501,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510,68512],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68503,117],{"class":116},[55,68505,120],{"class":69},[55,68507,940],{"class":116},[55,68509,120],{"class":69},[55,68511,275],{"class":123},[55,68513,1357],{"class":69},[14,68515,68516,68518],{},[52,68517,889],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[1425,68520,25284],{"id":25283},[14,68522,16241],{},[45,68524,68526],{"className":47,"code":68525,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[52,68527,68528,68548],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68529,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542,68544,68546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68531,243],{"class":61},[55,68533,66],{"class":65},[55,68535,3211],{"class":69},[55,68537,250],{"class":130},[55,68539,83],{"class":69},[55,68541,255],{"class":130},[55,68543,83],{"class":69},[55,68545,260],{"class":130},[55,68547,386],{"class":69},[55,68549,68550,68552,68554,68556],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68551,117],{"class":116},[55,68553,120],{"class":69},[55,68555,940],{"class":116},[55,68557,103],{"class":69},[14,68559,68560],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[14,68562,16253],{},[45,68564,68565],{"className":47,"code":68477,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,68566,68567,68587],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68568,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68570,243],{"class":61},[55,68572,66],{"class":65},[55,68574,3211],{"class":69},[55,68576,250],{"class":130},[55,68578,83],{"class":69},[55,68580,255],{"class":130},[55,68582,83],{"class":69},[55,68584,260],{"class":130},[55,68586,386],{"class":69},[55,68588,68589,68591,68593,68595,68597,68599],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68590,117],{"class":116},[55,68592,120],{"class":69},[55,68594,940],{"class":116},[55,68596,120],{"class":69},[55,68598,275],{"class":123},[55,68600,1357],{"class":69},[1425,68602,68604],{"id":68603},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[14,68606,68607,68608,68610],{},"The length of a list is ",[3332,68609,4222],{}," the same as the last index.",[14,68612,233],{},[45,68614,68616],{"className":47,"code":68615,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[52,68617,68618,68650],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68619,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644,68646,68648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68621,769],{"class":61},[55,68623,66],{"class":65},[55,68625,3211],{"class":69},[55,68627,74],{"class":73},[55,68629,194],{"class":77},[55,68631,74],{"class":73},[55,68633,83],{"class":69},[55,68635,86],{"class":73},[55,68637,786],{"class":77},[55,68639,74],{"class":73},[55,68641,83],{"class":69},[55,68643,86],{"class":73},[55,68645,795],{"class":77},[55,68647,74],{"class":73},[55,68649,386],{"class":69},[55,68651,68652,68654,68656,68658,68660,68662],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68653,117],{"class":116},[55,68655,120],{"class":69},[55,68657,940],{"class":116},[55,68659,120],{"class":69},[55,68661,812],{"class":123},[55,68663,1357],{"class":69},[14,68665,314],{},[45,68667,68668],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,68669,68670],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68671,68672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68673,46215],{"class":130},[14,68675,68676,68677,222,68679,198],{},"But the last index is ",[52,68678,309],{},[52,68680,609],{},[14,68682,68683],{},"Indexes are:",[21,68685,68686,68693,68699],{},[24,68687,68688,68690,68691],{},[52,68689,131],{}," for ",[52,68692,17693],{},[24,68694,68695,68690,68697],{},[52,68696,152],{},[52,68698,65191],{},[24,68700,68701,68690,68703],{},[52,68702,309],{},[52,68704,66076],{},[14,68706,68707],{},"So this causes an error:",[45,68709,68711],{"className":47,"code":68710,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[52,68712,68713,68745],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68714,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739,68741,68743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68716,769],{"class":61},[55,68718,66],{"class":65},[55,68720,3211],{"class":69},[55,68722,74],{"class":73},[55,68724,194],{"class":77},[55,68726,74],{"class":73},[55,68728,83],{"class":69},[55,68730,86],{"class":73},[55,68732,786],{"class":77},[55,68734,74],{"class":73},[55,68736,83],{"class":69},[55,68738,86],{"class":73},[55,68740,795],{"class":77},[55,68742,74],{"class":73},[55,68744,386],{"class":69},[55,68746,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757,68759,68761],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68748,117],{"class":116},[55,68750,120],{"class":69},[55,68752,812],{"class":123},[55,68754,127],{"class":69},[55,68756,940],{"class":116},[55,68758,120],{"class":69},[55,68760,812],{"class":123},[55,68762,10277],{"class":69},[14,68764,8091,68765,4375,68768,68770,68771,68773],{},[52,68766,68767],{},"len(letters)",[52,68769,609],{},", and index ",[52,68772,609],{}," does not exist.",[14,68775,18438],{},[45,68777,68779],{"className":47,"code":68778,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[52,68780,68781,68813],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68782,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807,68809,68811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68784,769],{"class":61},[55,68786,66],{"class":65},[55,68788,3211],{"class":69},[55,68790,74],{"class":73},[55,68792,194],{"class":77},[55,68794,74],{"class":73},[55,68796,83],{"class":69},[55,68798,86],{"class":73},[55,68800,786],{"class":77},[55,68802,74],{"class":73},[55,68804,83],{"class":69},[55,68806,86],{"class":73},[55,68808,795],{"class":77},[55,68810,74],{"class":73},[55,68812,386],{"class":69},[55,68814,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831,68833,68835],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68816,117],{"class":116},[55,68818,120],{"class":69},[55,68820,812],{"class":123},[55,68822,127],{"class":69},[55,68824,940],{"class":116},[55,68826,120],{"class":69},[55,68828,812],{"class":123},[55,68830,970],{"class":69},[55,68832,1806],{"class":65},[55,68834,5090],{"class":130},[55,68836,282],{"class":69},[14,68838,314],{},[45,68840,68842],{"className":47,"code":68841,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"c\n",[52,68843,68844],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68845,68846],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68847,68841],{"class":61},[14,68849,68850,68851,198],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[194,68852,68854],{"href":68853},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[1425,68856,8012,68858,68860],{"id":68857},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[52,68859,889],{}," on the wrong variable",[14,68862,68863],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[14,68865,68866],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[45,68868,68870],{"className":47,"code":68869,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[52,68871,68872,68882,68896,68910],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68873,68874,68876,68878,68880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68875,117],{"class":116},[55,68877,120],{"class":69},[55,68879,7934],{"class":123},[55,68881,103],{"class":69},[55,68883,68884,68886,68888,68890,68892,68894],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,68885,117],{"class":116},[55,68887,120],{"class":69},[55,68889,940],{"class":116},[55,68891,120],{"class":69},[55,68893,7934],{"class":123},[55,68895,1357],{"class":69},[55,68897,68898,68900,68902,68904,68906,68908],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,68899,117],{"class":116},[55,68901,120],{"class":69},[55,68903,1396],{"class":850},[55,68905,120],{"class":69},[55,68907,7934],{"class":123},[55,68909,1357],{"class":69},[55,68911,68912,68914,68916,68918,68920,68922],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,68913,117],{"class":116},[55,68915,120],{"class":69},[55,68917,7934],{"class":123},[55,68919,127],{"class":69},[55,68921,131],{"class":130},[55,68923,282],{"class":69},[14,68925,68926],{},"These help you verify:",[21,68928,68929,68932,68934,68937],{},[24,68930,68931],{},"what the variable contains",[24,68933,1413],{},[24,68935,68936],{},"whether it is really a list",[24,68938,68939],{},"what the first item is",[14,68941,68942,68943,68946],{},"Be careful with ",[52,68944,68945],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[37,68948,4553,68950,68952],{"id":68949},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[52,68951,889],{}," with lists",[14,68954,68955,68956,68958],{},"You will often use ",[52,68957,889],{}," in real programs.",[14,68960,8971],{},[21,68962,68963,68965,68968,68971],{},[24,68964,51365],{},[24,68966,68967],{},"Control loops",[24,68969,68970],{},"Validate input or results",[24,68972,68973],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[14,68975,68976],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[45,68978,68980],{"className":47,"code":68979,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[52,68981,68982,69002,69018,69022,69036,69050],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,68983,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996,68998,69000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,68985,2141],{"class":61},[55,68987,66],{"class":65},[55,68989,3211],{"class":69},[55,68991,152],{"class":130},[55,68993,83],{"class":69},[55,68995,976],{"class":130},[55,68997,83],{"class":69},[55,68999,2036],{"class":130},[55,69001,386],{"class":69},[55,69003,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012,69014,69016],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69005,2169],{"class":61},[55,69007,66],{"class":65},[55,69009,3211],{"class":69},[55,69011,250],{"class":130},[55,69013,83],{"class":69},[55,69015,255],{"class":130},[55,69017,386],{"class":69},[55,69019,69020],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69021,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69023,69024,69026,69028,69030,69032,69034],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,69025,117],{"class":116},[55,69027,120],{"class":69},[55,69029,940],{"class":116},[55,69031,120],{"class":69},[55,69033,194],{"class":123},[55,69035,1357],{"class":69},[55,69037,69038,69040,69042,69044,69046,69048],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,69039,117],{"class":116},[55,69041,120],{"class":69},[55,69043,940],{"class":116},[55,69045,120],{"class":69},[55,69047,786],{"class":123},[55,69049,1357],{"class":69},[55,69051,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068,69070,69072],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,69053,117],{"class":116},[55,69055,120],{"class":69},[55,69057,940],{"class":116},[55,69059,120],{"class":69},[55,69061,194],{"class":123},[55,69063,970],{"class":69},[55,69065,973],{"class":65},[55,69067,963],{"class":116},[55,69069,120],{"class":69},[55,69071,786],{"class":123},[55,69073,1357],{"class":69},[14,69075,314],{},[45,69077,69079],{"className":47,"code":69078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[52,69080,69081,69085,69089],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69082,69083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69084,46215],{"class":130},[55,69086,69087],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69088,16654],{"class":130},[55,69090,69091],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69092,3570],{"class":3443},[14,69094,69095],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[45,69097,69099],{"className":47,"code":69098,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[52,69100,69101,69133,69137,69159],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69102,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125,69127,69129,69131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69104,636],{"class":61},[55,69106,66],{"class":65},[55,69108,3211],{"class":69},[55,69110,74],{"class":73},[55,69112,645],{"class":77},[55,69114,74],{"class":73},[55,69116,83],{"class":69},[55,69118,86],{"class":73},[55,69120,654],{"class":77},[55,69122,74],{"class":73},[55,69124,83],{"class":69},[55,69126,86],{"class":73},[55,69128,663],{"class":77},[55,69130,74],{"class":73},[55,69132,386],{"class":69},[55,69134,69135],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69136,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69138,69139,69141,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152,69154,69156],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69140,5551],{"class":959},[55,69142,69143],{"class":61}," i ",[55,69145,3474],{"class":959},[55,69147,53666],{"class":116},[55,69149,120],{"class":69},[55,69151,940],{"class":116},[55,69153,120],{"class":69},[55,69155,680],{"class":123},[55,69157,69158],{"class":69},")):\n",[55,69160,69161,69163,69165,69167,69169,69172,69174,69176],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,69162,985],{"class":116},[55,69164,120],{"class":69},[55,69166,35751],{"class":123},[55,69168,83],{"class":69},[55,69170,69171],{"class":123}," names",[55,69173,127],{"class":69},[55,69175,35751],{"class":123},[55,69177,282],{"class":69},[14,69179,314],{},[45,69181,69182],{"className":47,"code":35597,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,69183,69184,69190,69196],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69185,69186,69188],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69187,131],{"class":130},[55,69189,35606],{"class":61},[55,69191,69192,69194],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69193,152],{"class":130},[55,69195,35613],{"class":61},[55,69197,69198,69200],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69199,309],{"class":130},[55,69201,35620],{"class":61},[14,69203,69204,69205,198],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[194,69206,69208],{"href":69207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[14,69210,69211,69212,69214],{},"You can also read ",[194,69213,51142],{"href":51141}," for a task-focused guide.",[37,69216,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,69218,69220],{"id":69219},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[14,69222,1440,69223,69226],{},[52,69224,69225],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[1425,69228,4733,69230,12316],{"id":69229},"what-does-len-return",[52,69231,69232],{},"len([])",[14,69234,4739,69235,69237],{},[52,69236,131],{}," because the list is empty.",[1425,69239,69241],{"id":69240},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[14,69243,69244],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[1425,69246,27925,69248,69250],{"id":69247},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[52,69249,68426],{}," in Python?",[14,69252,29868,69253,7817,69255,69257],{},[52,69254,67872],{},[52,69256,889],{}," is a built-in function.",[37,69259,1495],{"id":1494},[21,69261,69262,69268,69272,69276,69280],{},[24,69263,69264],{},[194,69265,3165,69266,3098],{"href":41955},[52,69267,889],{},[24,69269,69270],{},[194,69271,52186],{"href":51141},[24,69273,69274],{},[194,69275,52367],{"href":50575},[24,69277,69278],{},[194,69279,68854],{"href":68853},[24,69281,69282],{},[194,69283,69284],{"href":69207},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1524,69286,69287],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":69289},[69290,69291,69293,69294,69295,69296,69304,69306,69314],{"id":14759,"depth":106,"text":14760},{"id":67864,"depth":106,"text":69292},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5379,"depth":106,"text":5380},{"id":68133,"depth":106,"text":68134},{"id":68274,"depth":106,"text":68275},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":69297},[69298,69300,69301,69302],{"id":68423,"depth":113,"text":69299},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25283,"depth":113,"text":25284},{"id":68603,"depth":113,"text":68604},{"id":68857,"depth":113,"text":69303},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68949,"depth":106,"text":69305},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":69307},[69308,69309,69311,69312],{"id":69219,"depth":113,"text":69220},{"id":69229,"depth":113,"text":69310},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69240,"depth":113,"text":69241},{"id":69247,"depth":113,"text":69313},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67759,"description":69315},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69321,"title":69322,"body":69323,"description":71301,"extension":1546,"meta":71302,"navigation":109,"path":71303,"seo":71304,"stem":71305,"__hash__":71306},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69324,"toc":71274},[69325,69328,69333,69336,69344,69357,69359,69424,69426,69447,69452,69456,69461,69469,69471,69481,69483,69564,69566,69596,69598,69617,69622,69639,69641,69725,69727,69757,69762,69766,69772,69856,69858,69888,69891,69895,69898,69989,69991,70029,70032,70117,70119,70149,70155,70162,70166,70171,70180,70182,70267,70269,70298,70301,70309,70313,70317,70325,70348,70350,70372,70374,70388,70390,70450,70454,70459,70498,70500,70516,70518,70528,70627,70632,70636,70641,70684,70686,70714,70716,70730,70805,70807,70828,70832,70835,70840,70851,70856,70864,70867,70938,70940,70965,71022,71024,71045,71054,71062,71067,71069,71074,71095,71098,71173,71176,71190,71197,71199,71203,71209,71213,71223,71227,71234,71238,71244,71246,71271],[10,69326,69322],{"id":69327},"python-list-pop-method",[14,69329,69330,69332],{},[52,69331,54678],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[14,69334,69335],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[21,69337,69338,69341],{},[24,69339,69340],{},"delete an item from a list",[24,69342,69343],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[14,69345,69346,69347,69349,69350,8301,69352,69356],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[52,69348,12363],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[52,69351,12363],{},[194,69353,69354],{"href":54668},[52,69355,55125],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[37,69358,1588],{"id":1587},[45,69360,69362],{"className":47,"code":69361,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,69363,69364,69384,69399,69403,69414],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69365,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378,69380,69382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69367,243],{"class":61},[55,69369,66],{"class":65},[55,69371,3211],{"class":69},[55,69373,250],{"class":130},[55,69375,83],{"class":69},[55,69377,255],{"class":130},[55,69379,83],{"class":69},[55,69381,260],{"class":130},[55,69383,386],{"class":69},[55,69385,69386,69389,69391,69393,69395,69397],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69387,69388],{"class":61},"last_item ",[55,69390,66],{"class":65},[55,69392,3852],{"class":61},[55,69394,198],{"class":69},[55,69396,25837],{"class":123},[55,69398,8239],{"class":69},[55,69400,69401],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69402,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69404,69405,69407,69409,69412],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,69406,117],{"class":116},[55,69408,120],{"class":69},[55,69410,69411],{"class":123},"last_item",[55,69413,103],{"class":69},[55,69415,69416,69418,69420,69422],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,69417,117],{"class":116},[55,69419,120],{"class":69},[55,69421,275],{"class":123},[55,69423,103],{"class":69},[14,69425,314],{},[45,69427,69429],{"className":47,"code":69428,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[52,69430,69431,69435],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69432,69433],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69434,334],{"class":130},[55,69436,69437,69439,69441,69443,69445],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69438,127],{"class":69},[55,69440,250],{"class":130},[55,69442,83],{"class":69},[55,69444,255],{"class":130},[55,69446,386],{"class":69},[14,69448,1440,69449,69451],{},[52,69450,12363],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[37,69453,69455],{"id":69454},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[14,69457,69458,69460],{},[52,69459,12363],{}," has two main jobs:",[21,69462,69463,69466],{},[24,69464,69465],{},"It removes one item from a list",[24,69467,69468],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[14,69470,43247],{},[21,69472,69473,69476,69479],{},[24,69474,69475],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[24,69477,69478],{},"It changes the original list",[24,69480,52341],{},[14,69482,233],{},[45,69484,69486],{"className":47,"code":69485,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[52,69487,69488,69520,69524,69539,69543,69554],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69489,69490,69492,69494,69496,69498,69500,69502,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514,69516,69518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69491,62],{"class":61},[55,69493,66],{"class":65},[55,69495,3211],{"class":69},[55,69497,74],{"class":73},[55,69499,78],{"class":77},[55,69501,74],{"class":73},[55,69503,83],{"class":69},[55,69505,86],{"class":73},[55,69507,89],{"class":77},[55,69509,74],{"class":73},[55,69511,83],{"class":69},[55,69513,86],{"class":73},[55,69515,98],{"class":77},[55,69517,74],{"class":73},[55,69519,386],{"class":69},[55,69521,69522],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69523,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69525,69526,69529,69531,69533,69535,69537],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69527,69528],{"class":61},"removed ",[55,69530,66],{"class":65},[55,69532,12721],{"class":61},[55,69534,198],{"class":69},[55,69536,25837],{"class":123},[55,69538,8239],{"class":69},[55,69540,69541],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,69542,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69544,69545,69547,69549,69552],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,69546,117],{"class":116},[55,69548,120],{"class":69},[55,69550,69551],{"class":123},"removed",[55,69553,103],{"class":69},[55,69555,69556,69558,69560,69562],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,69557,117],{"class":116},[55,69559,120],{"class":69},[55,69561,124],{"class":123},[55,69563,103],{"class":69},[14,69565,314],{},[45,69567,69569],{"className":47,"code":69568,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[52,69570,69571,69576],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69572,69573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69574,69575],{"class":61},"blue\n",[55,69577,69578,69580,69582,69584,69586,69588,69590,69592,69594],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69579,127],{"class":69},[55,69581,2889],{"class":73},[55,69583,78],{"class":77},[55,69585,2889],{"class":73},[55,69587,83],{"class":69},[55,69589,2884],{"class":73},[55,69591,89],{"class":77},[55,69593,2889],{"class":73},[55,69595,386],{"class":69},[37,69597,1740],{"id":1739},[45,69599,69601],{"className":47,"code":69600,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list.pop([index])\n",[52,69602,69603],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69604,69605,69607,69609,69611,69613,69615],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69606,7688],{"class":850},[55,69608,198],{"class":69},[55,69610,25837],{"class":123},[55,69612,2573],{"class":69},[55,69614,383],{"class":123},[55,69616,282],{"class":69},[14,69618,1563,69619,69621],{},[52,69620,383],{}," is optional.",[21,69623,69624,69630,69636],{},[24,69625,69626,69627,69629],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[52,69628,12363],{}," removes the last item",[24,69631,69632,69633,69635],{},"If you give an index, ",[52,69634,12363],{}," removes the item at that position",[24,69637,69638],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[14,69640,233],{},[45,69642,69644],{"className":47,"code":69643,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[52,69645,69646,69678,69682,69701,69705,69715],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69647,69648,69650,69652,69654,69656,69658,69660,69662,69664,69666,69668,69670,69672,69674,69676],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69649,769],{"class":61},[55,69651,66],{"class":65},[55,69653,3211],{"class":69},[55,69655,74],{"class":73},[55,69657,194],{"class":77},[55,69659,74],{"class":73},[55,69661,83],{"class":69},[55,69663,86],{"class":73},[55,69665,786],{"class":77},[55,69667,74],{"class":73},[55,69669,83],{"class":69},[55,69671,86],{"class":73},[55,69673,795],{"class":77},[55,69675,74],{"class":73},[55,69677,386],{"class":69},[55,69679,69680],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69681,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69683,69684,69686,69688,69691,69693,69695,69697,69699],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69685,28135],{"class":61},[55,69687,66],{"class":65},[55,69689,69690],{"class":61}," letters",[55,69692,198],{"class":69},[55,69694,25837],{"class":123},[55,69696,120],{"class":69},[55,69698,152],{"class":130},[55,69700,103],{"class":69},[55,69702,69703],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,69704,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69706,69707,69709,69711,69713],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,69708,117],{"class":116},[55,69710,120],{"class":69},[55,69712,22907],{"class":123},[55,69714,103],{"class":69},[55,69716,69717,69719,69721,69723],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,69718,117],{"class":116},[55,69720,120],{"class":69},[55,69722,812],{"class":123},[55,69724,103],{"class":69},[14,69726,314],{},[45,69728,69730],{"className":47,"code":69729,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[52,69731,69732,69737],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69733,69734],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69735,69736],{"class":61},"b\n",[55,69738,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751,69753,69755],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69740,127],{"class":69},[55,69742,2889],{"class":73},[55,69744,194],{"class":77},[55,69746,2889],{"class":73},[55,69748,83],{"class":69},[55,69750,2884],{"class":73},[55,69752,795],{"class":77},[55,69754,2889],{"class":73},[55,69756,386],{"class":69},[14,69758,69759,69760,198],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[194,69761,52367],{"href":50575},[37,69763,69765],{"id":69764},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[14,69767,69768,69769,69771],{},"When you call ",[52,69770,12363],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[45,69773,69775],{"className":47,"code":69774,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[52,69776,69777,69812,69816,69831,69835,69846],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69778,69779,69781,69783,69785,69787,69790,69792,69794,69796,69799,69801,69803,69805,69808,69810],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69780,29495],{"class":61},[55,69782,66],{"class":65},[55,69784,3211],{"class":69},[55,69786,74],{"class":73},[55,69788,69789],{"class":77},"write",[55,69791,74],{"class":73},[55,69793,83],{"class":69},[55,69795,86],{"class":73},[55,69797,69798],{"class":77},"test",[55,69800,74],{"class":73},[55,69802,83],{"class":69},[55,69804,86],{"class":73},[55,69806,69807],{"class":77},"submit",[55,69809,74],{"class":73},[55,69811,386],{"class":69},[55,69813,69814],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69815,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69817,69818,69821,69823,69825,69827,69829],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69819,69820],{"class":61},"last_task ",[55,69822,66],{"class":65},[55,69824,29573],{"class":61},[55,69826,198],{"class":69},[55,69828,25837],{"class":123},[55,69830,8239],{"class":69},[55,69832,69833],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,69834,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69836,69837,69839,69841,69844],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,69838,117],{"class":116},[55,69840,120],{"class":69},[55,69842,69843],{"class":123},"last_task",[55,69845,103],{"class":69},[55,69847,69848,69850,69852,69854],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,69849,117],{"class":116},[55,69851,120],{"class":69},[55,69853,36101],{"class":123},[55,69855,103],{"class":69},[14,69857,314],{},[45,69859,69861],{"className":47,"code":69860,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[52,69862,69863,69868],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69864,69865],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69866,69867],{"class":61},"submit\n",[55,69869,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882,69884,69886],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69871,127],{"class":69},[55,69873,2889],{"class":73},[55,69875,69789],{"class":77},[55,69877,2889],{"class":73},[55,69879,83],{"class":69},[55,69881,2884],{"class":73},[55,69883,69798],{"class":77},[55,69885,2889],{"class":73},[55,69887,386],{"class":69},[14,69889,69890],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[37,69892,69894],{"id":69893},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[14,69896,69897],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[45,69899,69901],{"className":47,"code":69900,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[52,69902,69903,69943,69947,69965,69969,69979],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69904,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937,69939,69941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69906,398],{"class":61},[55,69908,66],{"class":65},[55,69910,3211],{"class":69},[55,69912,74],{"class":73},[55,69914,407],{"class":77},[55,69916,74],{"class":73},[55,69918,83],{"class":69},[55,69920,86],{"class":73},[55,69922,416],{"class":77},[55,69924,74],{"class":73},[55,69926,83],{"class":69},[55,69928,86],{"class":73},[55,69930,425],{"class":77},[55,69932,74],{"class":73},[55,69934,83],{"class":69},[55,69936,86],{"class":73},[55,69938,32820],{"class":77},[55,69940,74],{"class":73},[55,69942,386],{"class":69},[55,69944,69945],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,69946,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69948,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959,69961,69963],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,69950,69528],{"class":61},[55,69952,66],{"class":65},[55,69954,52447],{"class":61},[55,69956,198],{"class":69},[55,69958,25837],{"class":123},[55,69960,120],{"class":69},[55,69962,152],{"class":130},[55,69964,103],{"class":69},[55,69966,69967],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,69968,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,69970,69971,69973,69975,69977],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,69972,117],{"class":116},[55,69974,120],{"class":69},[55,69976,69551],{"class":123},[55,69978,103],{"class":69},[55,69980,69981,69983,69985,69987],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,69982,117],{"class":116},[55,69984,120],{"class":69},[55,69986,442],{"class":123},[55,69988,103],{"class":69},[14,69990,314],{},[45,69992,69994],{"className":47,"code":69993,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[52,69995,69996,70001],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,69997,69998],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,69999,70000],{"class":61},"banana\n",[55,70002,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023,70025,70027],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70004,127],{"class":69},[55,70006,2889],{"class":73},[55,70008,407],{"class":77},[55,70010,2889],{"class":73},[55,70012,83],{"class":69},[55,70014,2884],{"class":73},[55,70016,425],{"class":77},[55,70018,2889],{"class":73},[55,70020,83],{"class":69},[55,70022,2884],{"class":73},[55,70024,32820],{"class":77},[55,70026,2889],{"class":73},[55,70028,386],{"class":69},[14,70030,70031],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[45,70033,70035],{"className":47,"code":70034,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[52,70036,70037,70069,70073,70093,70097,70107],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70038,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063,70065,70067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70040,398],{"class":61},[55,70042,66],{"class":65},[55,70044,3211],{"class":69},[55,70046,74],{"class":73},[55,70048,407],{"class":77},[55,70050,74],{"class":73},[55,70052,83],{"class":69},[55,70054,86],{"class":73},[55,70056,416],{"class":77},[55,70058,74],{"class":73},[55,70060,83],{"class":69},[55,70062,86],{"class":73},[55,70064,425],{"class":77},[55,70066,74],{"class":73},[55,70068,386],{"class":69},[55,70070,70071],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70072,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70074,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087,70089,70091],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,70076,69528],{"class":61},[55,70078,66],{"class":65},[55,70080,52447],{"class":61},[55,70082,198],{"class":69},[55,70084,25837],{"class":123},[55,70086,120],{"class":69},[55,70088,171],{"class":65},[55,70090,152],{"class":130},[55,70092,103],{"class":69},[55,70094,70095],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,70096,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70098,70099,70101,70103,70105],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,70100,117],{"class":116},[55,70102,120],{"class":69},[55,70104,69551],{"class":123},[55,70106,103],{"class":69},[55,70108,70109,70111,70113,70115],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,70110,117],{"class":116},[55,70112,120],{"class":69},[55,70114,442],{"class":123},[55,70116,103],{"class":69},[14,70118,314],{},[45,70120,70122],{"className":47,"code":70121,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[52,70123,70124,70129],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70125,70126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70127,70128],{"class":61},"cherry\n",[55,70130,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143,70145,70147],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70132,127],{"class":69},[55,70134,2889],{"class":73},[55,70136,407],{"class":77},[55,70138,2889],{"class":73},[55,70140,83],{"class":69},[55,70142,2884],{"class":73},[55,70144,416],{"class":77},[55,70146,2889],{"class":73},[55,70148,386],{"class":69},[14,70150,70151,70152,70154],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[52,70153,502],{}," means the last item.",[14,70156,70157,70158,198],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[194,70159,70160,10339],{"href":58562},[52,70161,64461],{},[37,70163,70165],{"id":70164},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[14,70167,70168,70170],{},[52,70169,12363],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[14,70172,70173,70174,3983,70176,198],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[52,70175,12363],{},[194,70177,70178],{"href":54668},[52,70179,55125],{},[14,70181,233],{},[45,70183,70185],{"className":47,"code":70184,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[52,70186,70187,70219,70223,70242,70246,70257],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70188,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213,70215,70217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70190,636],{"class":61},[55,70192,66],{"class":65},[55,70194,3211],{"class":69},[55,70196,74],{"class":73},[55,70198,645],{"class":77},[55,70200,74],{"class":73},[55,70202,83],{"class":69},[55,70204,86],{"class":73},[55,70206,654],{"class":77},[55,70208,74],{"class":73},[55,70210,83],{"class":69},[55,70212,86],{"class":73},[55,70214,663],{"class":77},[55,70216,74],{"class":73},[55,70218,386],{"class":69},[55,70220,70221],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70222,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70224,70225,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236,70238,70240],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,70226,70227],{"class":61},"removed_name ",[55,70229,66],{"class":65},[55,70231,69171],{"class":61},[55,70233,198],{"class":69},[55,70235,25837],{"class":123},[55,70237,120],{"class":69},[55,70239,131],{"class":130},[55,70241,103],{"class":69},[55,70243,70244],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,70245,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70247,70248,70250,70252,70255],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,70249,117],{"class":116},[55,70251,120],{"class":69},[55,70253,70254],{"class":123},"removed_name",[55,70256,103],{"class":69},[55,70258,70259,70261,70263,70265],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,70260,117],{"class":116},[55,70262,120],{"class":69},[55,70264,680],{"class":123},[55,70266,103],{"class":69},[14,70268,314],{},[45,70270,70272],{"className":47,"code":70271,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[52,70273,70274,70278],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70275,70276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70277,737],{"class":61},[55,70279,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292,70294,70296],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70281,127],{"class":69},[55,70283,2889],{"class":73},[55,70285,654],{"class":77},[55,70287,2889],{"class":73},[55,70289,83],{"class":69},[55,70291,2884],{"class":73},[55,70293,663],{"class":77},[55,70295,2889],{"class":73},[55,70297,386],{"class":69},[14,70299,70300],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[14,70302,70303,70304,70306,70307,198],{},"By comparison, ",[52,70305,55125],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[52,70308,3368],{},[37,70310,70312],{"id":70311},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[1425,70314,70316],{"id":70315},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[14,70318,70319,70320,70322,70323,198],{},"If the list is empty, ",[52,70321,12363],{}," raises an ",[52,70324,851],{},[45,70326,70328],{"className":47,"code":70327,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[52,70329,70330,70338],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70331,70332,70334,70336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70333,7375],{"class":61},[55,70335,66],{"class":65},[55,70337,7433],{"class":69},[55,70339,70340,70342,70344,70346],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70341,7404],{"class":61},[55,70343,198],{"class":69},[55,70345,25837],{"class":123},[55,70347,8239],{"class":69},[14,70349,314],{},[45,70351,70353],{"className":47,"code":70352,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[52,70354,70355],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70356,70357,70359,70361,70364,70367,70370],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70358,851],{"class":850},[55,70360,854],{"class":69},[55,70362,70363],{"class":61}," pop ",[55,70365,70366],{"class":959},"from",[55,70368,70369],{"class":61}," empty ",[55,70371,49484],{"class":850},[14,70373,38857],{},[21,70375,70376,70381],{},[24,70377,70378,70379],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[52,70380,12363],{},[24,70382,70383,70384,3983,70386],{},"Or handle the error with ",[52,70385,29401],{},[52,70387,29432],{},[14,70389,233],{},[45,70391,70393],{"className":47,"code":70392,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[52,70394,70395,70403,70407,70415,70429,70435],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70396,70397,70399,70401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70398,7375],{"class":61},[55,70400,66],{"class":65},[55,70402,7433],{"class":69},[55,70404,70405],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70406,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70408,70409,70411,70413],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,70410,960],{"class":959},[55,70412,5559],{"class":61},[55,70414,979],{"class":69},[55,70416,70417,70419,70421,70423,70425,70427],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,70418,985],{"class":116},[55,70420,120],{"class":69},[55,70422,7404],{"class":123},[55,70424,198],{"class":69},[55,70426,25837],{"class":123},[55,70428,6788],{"class":69},[55,70430,70431,70433],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,70432,27030],{"class":959},[55,70434,979],{"class":69},[55,70436,70437,70439,70441,70443,70446,70448],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,70438,985],{"class":116},[55,70440,120],{"class":69},[55,70442,74],{"class":73},[55,70444,70445],{"class":77},"The list is empty.",[55,70447,74],{"class":73},[55,70449,103],{"class":69},[1425,70451,70453],{"id":70452},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[14,70455,70456,70457,198],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[52,70458,851],{},[45,70460,70462],{"className":47,"code":70461,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[52,70463,70464,70484],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70465,70466,70468,70470,70472,70474,70476,70478,70480,70482],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70467,243],{"class":61},[55,70469,66],{"class":65},[55,70471,3211],{"class":69},[55,70473,250],{"class":130},[55,70475,83],{"class":69},[55,70477,255],{"class":130},[55,70479,83],{"class":69},[55,70481,260],{"class":130},[55,70483,386],{"class":69},[55,70485,70486,70488,70490,70492,70494,70496],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70487,275],{"class":61},[55,70489,198],{"class":69},[55,70491,25837],{"class":123},[55,70493,120],{"class":69},[55,70495,817],{"class":130},[55,70497,103],{"class":69},[14,70499,314],{},[45,70501,70503],{"className":47,"code":70502,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[52,70504,70505],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70506,70507,70509,70511,70514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70508,851],{"class":850},[55,70510,854],{"class":69},[55,70512,70513],{"class":61}," pop index out of ",[55,70515,863],{"class":116},[14,70517,38857],{},[21,70519,70520,70525],{},[24,70521,70522,70523],{},"Check the list length with ",[52,70524,889],{},[24,70526,70527],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[45,70529,70531],{"className":47,"code":70530,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[52,70532,70533,70553,70562,70566,70588,70606,70612],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70534,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549,70551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70536,243],{"class":61},[55,70538,66],{"class":65},[55,70540,3211],{"class":69},[55,70542,250],{"class":130},[55,70544,83],{"class":69},[55,70546,255],{"class":130},[55,70548,83],{"class":69},[55,70550,260],{"class":130},[55,70552,386],{"class":69},[55,70554,70555,70558,70560],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70556,70557],{"class":61},"index ",[55,70559,66],{"class":65},[55,70561,45187],{"class":130},[55,70563,70564],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,70565,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70567,70568,70570,70572,70575,70578,70580,70582,70584,70586],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,70569,960],{"class":959},[55,70571,3424],{"class":130},[55,70573,70574],{"class":65}," \u003C=",[55,70576,70577],{"class":61}," index ",[55,70579,2878],{"class":65},[55,70581,963],{"class":116},[55,70583,120],{"class":69},[55,70585,275],{"class":123},[55,70587,839],{"class":69},[55,70589,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602,70604],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,70591,985],{"class":116},[55,70593,120],{"class":69},[55,70595,275],{"class":123},[55,70597,198],{"class":69},[55,70599,25837],{"class":123},[55,70601,120],{"class":69},[55,70603,383],{"class":123},[55,70605,1357],{"class":69},[55,70607,70608,70610],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,70609,27030],{"class":959},[55,70611,979],{"class":69},[55,70613,70614,70616,70618,70620,70623,70625],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,70615,985],{"class":116},[55,70617,120],{"class":69},[55,70619,74],{"class":73},[55,70621,70622],{"class":77},"Index is out of range.",[55,70624,74],{"class":73},[55,70626,103],{"class":69},[14,70628,70629,70630,198],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[194,70631,68854],{"href":68853},[1425,70633,70635],{"id":70634},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[14,70637,70638,70640],{},[52,70639,12363],{}," expects an integer index.",[45,70642,70644],{"className":47,"code":70643,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[52,70645,70646,70666],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70647,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662,70664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70649,243],{"class":61},[55,70651,66],{"class":65},[55,70653,3211],{"class":69},[55,70655,250],{"class":130},[55,70657,83],{"class":69},[55,70659,255],{"class":130},[55,70661,83],{"class":69},[55,70663,260],{"class":130},[55,70665,386],{"class":69},[55,70667,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680,70682],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70669,275],{"class":61},[55,70671,198],{"class":69},[55,70673,25837],{"class":123},[55,70675,120],{"class":69},[55,70677,74],{"class":73},[55,70679,152],{"class":77},[55,70681,74],{"class":73},[55,70683,103],{"class":69},[14,70685,314],{},[45,70687,70689],{"className":47,"code":70688,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[52,70690,70691],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70692,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70705,70708,70711],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70694,2592],{"class":850},[55,70696,854],{"class":69},[55,70698,2884],{"class":73},[55,70700,3032],{"class":77},[55,70702,2889],{"class":73},[55,70704,24214],{"class":850},[55,70706,70707],{"class":61}," cannot be interpreted ",[55,70709,70710],{"class":959},"as",[55,70712,70713],{"class":61}," an integer\n",[14,70715,38857],{},[21,70717,70718,70727],{},[24,70719,70720,70721,1773,70723,1777,70725],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[52,70722,131],{},[52,70724,152],{},[52,70726,502],{},[24,70728,70729],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[45,70731,70733],{"className":47,"code":70732,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,70734,70735,70755,70773,70777,70795],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70736,70737,70739,70741,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751,70753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70738,243],{"class":61},[55,70740,66],{"class":65},[55,70742,3211],{"class":69},[55,70744,250],{"class":130},[55,70746,83],{"class":69},[55,70748,255],{"class":130},[55,70750,83],{"class":69},[55,70752,260],{"class":130},[55,70754,386],{"class":69},[55,70756,70757,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767,70769,70771],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70758,70557],{"class":61},[55,70760,66],{"class":65},[55,70762,44874],{"class":850},[55,70764,120],{"class":69},[55,70766,74],{"class":73},[55,70768,152],{"class":77},[55,70770,74],{"class":73},[55,70772,103],{"class":69},[55,70774,70775],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,70776,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70778,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791,70793],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,70780,117],{"class":116},[55,70782,120],{"class":69},[55,70784,275],{"class":123},[55,70786,198],{"class":69},[55,70788,25837],{"class":123},[55,70790,120],{"class":69},[55,70792,383],{"class":123},[55,70794,1357],{"class":69},[55,70796,70797,70799,70801,70803],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,70798,117],{"class":116},[55,70800,120],{"class":69},[55,70802,275],{"class":123},[55,70804,103],{"class":69},[14,70806,314],{},[45,70808,70810],{"className":47,"code":70809,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[52,70811,70812,70816],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70813,70814],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70815,329],{"class":130},[55,70817,70818,70820,70822,70824,70826],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70819,127],{"class":69},[55,70821,250],{"class":130},[55,70823,83],{"class":69},[55,70825,260],{"class":130},[55,70827,386],{"class":69},[37,70829,70831],{"id":70830},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[14,70833,70834],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[1425,70836,1440,70838,10199],{"id":70837},"use-pop-when",[52,70839,12363],{},[21,70841,70842,70845,70848],{},[24,70843,70844],{},"you want to remove by index",[24,70846,70847],{},"you want the removed item returned",[24,70849,70850],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[1425,70852,1440,70854,10199],{"id":70853},"use-remove-when",[52,70855,55125],{},[21,70857,70858,70861],{},[24,70859,70860],{},"you want to remove by value",[24,70862,70863],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[14,70865,70866],{},"Compare these examples:",[45,70868,70870],{"className":47,"code":70869,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,70871,70872,70896,70900,70918,70928],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70873,70874,70876,70878,70880,70882,70884,70886,70888,70890,70892,70894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70875,243],{"class":61},[55,70877,66],{"class":65},[55,70879,3211],{"class":69},[55,70881,250],{"class":130},[55,70883,83],{"class":69},[55,70885,255],{"class":130},[55,70887,83],{"class":69},[55,70889,260],{"class":130},[55,70891,83],{"class":69},[55,70893,255],{"class":130},[55,70895,386],{"class":69},[55,70897,70898],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70899,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70901,70902,70904,70906,70908,70910,70912,70914,70916],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,70903,69528],{"class":61},[55,70905,66],{"class":65},[55,70907,3852],{"class":61},[55,70909,198],{"class":69},[55,70911,25837],{"class":123},[55,70913,120],{"class":69},[55,70915,152],{"class":130},[55,70917,103],{"class":69},[55,70919,70920,70922,70924,70926],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,70921,117],{"class":116},[55,70923,120],{"class":69},[55,70925,69551],{"class":123},[55,70927,103],{"class":69},[55,70929,70930,70932,70934,70936],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,70931,117],{"class":116},[55,70933,120],{"class":69},[55,70935,275],{"class":123},[55,70937,103],{"class":69},[14,70939,314],{},[45,70941,70943],{"className":47,"code":70942,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[52,70944,70945,70949],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70946,70947],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70948,329],{"class":130},[55,70950,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70952,127],{"class":69},[55,70954,250],{"class":130},[55,70956,83],{"class":69},[55,70958,260],{"class":130},[55,70960,83],{"class":69},[55,70962,255],{"class":130},[55,70964,386],{"class":69},[45,70966,70968],{"className":47,"code":70967,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,70969,70970,70994,70998,71012],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,70971,70972,70974,70976,70978,70980,70982,70984,70986,70988,70990,70992],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,70973,243],{"class":61},[55,70975,66],{"class":65},[55,70977,3211],{"class":69},[55,70979,250],{"class":130},[55,70981,83],{"class":69},[55,70983,255],{"class":130},[55,70985,83],{"class":69},[55,70987,260],{"class":130},[55,70989,83],{"class":69},[55,70991,255],{"class":130},[55,70993,386],{"class":69},[55,70995,70996],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,70997,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,70999,71000,71002,71004,71006,71008,71010],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71001,275],{"class":61},[55,71003,198],{"class":69},[55,71005,34394],{"class":123},[55,71007,120],{"class":69},[55,71009,1149],{"class":130},[55,71011,103],{"class":69},[55,71013,71014,71016,71018,71020],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,71015,117],{"class":116},[55,71017,120],{"class":69},[55,71019,275],{"class":123},[55,71021,103],{"class":69},[14,71023,314],{},[45,71025,71027],{"className":47,"code":71026,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[52,71028,71029],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71030,71031,71033,71035,71037,71039,71041,71043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71032,127],{"class":69},[55,71034,250],{"class":130},[55,71036,83],{"class":69},[55,71038,260],{"class":130},[55,71040,83],{"class":69},[55,71042,255],{"class":130},[55,71044,386],{"class":69},[14,71046,71047,71048,71051,71052,198],{},"In the first example, ",[52,71049,71050],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[52,71053,152],{},[14,71055,56201,71056,71059,71060,198],{},[52,71057,71058],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[52,71061,1149],{},[14,71063,71064,71065,198],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[194,71066,54664],{"href":54663},[37,71068,1298],{"id":1297},[14,71070,71071,71072,854],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[52,71073,12363],{},[21,71075,71076,71079,71082,71088,71092],{},[24,71077,71078],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[24,71080,71081],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[24,71083,36800,71084,8301,71086],{},[52,71085,12363],{},[52,71087,55125],{},[24,71089,8048,71090,61568],{},[52,71091,12363],{},[24,71093,71094],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[14,71096,71097],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[45,71099,71101],{"className":47,"code":71100,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[52,71102,71103,71113,71127,71141,71159],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71104,71105,71107,71109,71111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71106,117],{"class":116},[55,71108,120],{"class":69},[55,71110,7934],{"class":123},[55,71112,103],{"class":69},[55,71114,71115,71117,71119,71121,71123,71125],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71116,117],{"class":116},[55,71118,120],{"class":69},[55,71120,940],{"class":116},[55,71122,120],{"class":69},[55,71124,7934],{"class":123},[55,71126,1357],{"class":69},[55,71128,71129,71131,71133,71135,71137,71139],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71130,117],{"class":116},[55,71132,120],{"class":69},[55,71134,7934],{"class":123},[55,71136,198],{"class":69},[55,71138,25837],{"class":123},[55,71140,6788],{"class":69},[55,71142,71143,71145,71147,71149,71151,71153,71155,71157],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,71144,117],{"class":116},[55,71146,120],{"class":69},[55,71148,7934],{"class":123},[55,71150,198],{"class":69},[55,71152,25837],{"class":123},[55,71154,120],{"class":69},[55,71156,131],{"class":130},[55,71158,1357],{"class":69},[55,71160,71161,71163,71165,71167,71169,71171],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,71162,117],{"class":116},[55,71164,120],{"class":69},[55,71166,1396],{"class":850},[55,71168,120],{"class":69},[55,71170,383],{"class":123},[55,71172,1357],{"class":69},[14,71174,71175],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[21,71177,71178,71184],{},[24,71179,71180,71183],{},[52,71181,71182],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[24,71185,71186,71189],{},[52,71187,71188],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[14,71191,71192,71193,71196],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[52,71194,71195],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[37,71198,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,71200,71202],{"id":71201},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[14,71204,71205,71206,71208],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[52,71207,12363],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[1425,71210,71212],{"id":71211},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[14,71214,71215,71217,71218,71220,71221,198],{},[52,71216,12363],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[52,71219,55125],{}," removes by value and returns ",[52,71222,3368],{},[1425,71224,71226],{"id":71225},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[14,71228,71229,71230,71233],{},"Yes. For example, ",[52,71231,71232],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[1425,71235,71237],{"id":71236},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[14,71239,71240,71241,71243],{},"Python raises ",[52,71242,851],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[37,71245,1495],{"id":1494},[21,71247,71248,71252,71257,71262,71267],{},[24,71249,71250],{},[194,71251,55111],{"href":54663},[24,71253,71254],{},[194,71255,71256],{"href":54668},"Python list remove() method",[24,71258,71259],{},[194,71260,71261],{"href":58562},"Python list index() method",[24,71263,71264],{},[194,71265,71266],{"href":50575},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[24,71268,71269],{},[194,71270,68854],{"href":68853},[1524,71272,71273],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":71275},[71276,71277,71278,71279,71280,71281,71282,71287,71293,71294,71300],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":69454,"depth":106,"text":69455},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":69764,"depth":106,"text":69765},{"id":69893,"depth":106,"text":69894},{"id":70164,"depth":106,"text":70165},{"id":70311,"depth":106,"text":70312,"children":71283},[71284,71285,71286],{"id":70315,"depth":113,"text":70316},{"id":70452,"depth":113,"text":70453},{"id":70634,"depth":113,"text":70635},{"id":70830,"depth":106,"text":70831,"children":71288},[71289,71291],{"id":70837,"depth":113,"text":71290},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70853,"depth":113,"text":71292},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":71295},[71296,71297,71298,71299],{"id":71201,"depth":113,"text":71202},{"id":71211,"depth":113,"text":71212},{"id":71225,"depth":113,"text":71226},{"id":71236,"depth":113,"text":71237},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69322,"description":71301},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71308,"title":71309,"body":71310,"description":73096,"extension":1546,"meta":73097,"navigation":109,"path":73098,"seo":73099,"stem":73100,"__hash__":73101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71311,"toc":73078},[71312,71315,71320,71326,71328,71398,71404,71408,71413,71434,71437,71504,71506,71527,71535,71537,71556,71572,71574,71639,71641,71666,71668,71670,71735,71737,71762,71764,71778,71781,71834,71836,71857,71861,71869,71942,71944,71977,71983,71989,72080,72082,72107,72113,72202,72204,72228,72230,72234,72289,72291,72323,72326,72329,72423,72425,72458,72464,72470,72474,72481,72507,72511,72576,72578,72603,72607,72688,72690,72719,72724,72729,72735,72739,72746,72768,72772,72831,72833,72857,72866,72871,72873,72877,72906,72908,72983,72986,73000,73006,73008,73012,73015,73019,73024,73028,73037,73041,73049,73051,73075],[10,71313,71309],{"id":71314},"python-list-remove-method",[14,71316,1563,71317,71319],{},[52,71318,54671],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[14,71321,71322,71323,71325],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3332,71324,2058],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[37,71327,1588],{"id":1587},[45,71329,71331],{"className":47,"code":71330,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[52,71332,71333,71365,71383,71393],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71334,71335,71337,71339,71341,71343,71345,71347,71349,71351,71353,71355,71357,71359,71361,71363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71336,7375],{"class":61},[55,71338,66],{"class":65},[55,71340,3211],{"class":69},[55,71342,74],{"class":73},[55,71344,407],{"class":77},[55,71346,74],{"class":73},[55,71348,83],{"class":69},[55,71350,86],{"class":73},[55,71352,416],{"class":77},[55,71354,74],{"class":73},[55,71356,83],{"class":69},[55,71358,86],{"class":73},[55,71360,32820],{"class":77},[55,71362,74],{"class":73},[55,71364,386],{"class":69},[55,71366,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377,71379,71381],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71368,7404],{"class":61},[55,71370,198],{"class":69},[55,71372,34394],{"class":123},[55,71374,120],{"class":69},[55,71376,74],{"class":73},[55,71378,416],{"class":77},[55,71380,74],{"class":73},[55,71382,103],{"class":69},[55,71384,71385,71387,71389,71391],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71386,117],{"class":116},[55,71388,120],{"class":69},[55,71390,7404],{"class":123},[55,71392,103],{"class":69},[55,71394,71395],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,71396,71397],{"class":137},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[14,71399,1440,71400,71403],{},[52,71401,71402],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[37,71405,71407],{"id":71406},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[14,71409,71410,71412],{},[52,71411,55125],{}," is a list method that:",[21,71414,71415,71421,71426,71431],{},[24,71416,71417,71418,71420],{},"Deletes the ",[3332,71419,29506],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[24,71422,71423,71424],{},"Changes the original list ",[3332,71425,10932],{},[24,71427,12304,71428,71430],{},[3332,71429,4222],{}," return a new list",[24,71432,71433],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[14,71435,71436],{},"This is important for beginners:",[45,71438,71440],{"className":47,"code":71439,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[52,71441,71442,71462,71480,71484,71494],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71443,71444,71446,71448,71450,71452,71454,71456,71458,71460],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71445,243],{"class":61},[55,71447,66],{"class":65},[55,71449,3211],{"class":69},[55,71451,152],{"class":130},[55,71453,83],{"class":69},[55,71455,976],{"class":130},[55,71457,83],{"class":69},[55,71459,2036],{"class":130},[55,71461,386],{"class":69},[55,71463,71464,71466,71468,71470,71472,71474,71476,71478],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71465,1814],{"class":61},[55,71467,66],{"class":65},[55,71469,3852],{"class":61},[55,71471,198],{"class":69},[55,71473,34394],{"class":123},[55,71475,120],{"class":69},[55,71477,309],{"class":130},[55,71479,103],{"class":69},[55,71481,71482],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71483,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,71485,71486,71488,71490,71492],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,71487,117],{"class":116},[55,71489,120],{"class":69},[55,71491,275],{"class":123},[55,71493,103],{"class":69},[55,71495,71496,71498,71500,71502],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,71497,117],{"class":116},[55,71499,120],{"class":69},[55,71501,1849],{"class":123},[55,71503,103],{"class":69},[14,71505,314],{},[45,71507,71509],{"className":47,"code":71508,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[52,71510,71511,71523],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71512,71513,71515,71517,71519,71521],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71514,127],{"class":69},[55,71516,152],{"class":130},[55,71518,83],{"class":69},[55,71520,2036],{"class":130},[55,71522,386],{"class":69},[55,71524,71525],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71526,11407],{"class":3443},[14,71528,71529,71530,71532,71533,198],{},"The list changed, but ",[52,71531,55125],{}," itself returned ",[52,71534,3368],{},[37,71536,5023],{"id":5022},[45,71538,71540],{"className":47,"code":71539,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list.remove(value)\n",[52,71541,71542],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71543,71544,71546,71548,71550,71552,71554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71545,7688],{"class":850},[55,71547,198],{"class":69},[55,71549,34394],{"class":123},[55,71551,120],{"class":69},[55,71553,2058],{"class":123},[55,71555,103],{"class":69},[21,71557,71558,71563,71566],{},[24,71559,71560,71562],{},[52,71561,2058],{}," is the item you want to delete",[24,71564,71565],{},"Python searches from left to right",[24,71567,71568,71569,71571],{},"Only the ",[3332,71570,29506],{}," matching value is removed",[14,71573,233],{},[45,71575,71577],{"className":47,"code":71576,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,71578,71579,71611,71629],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71580,71581,71583,71585,71587,71589,71591,71593,71595,71597,71599,71601,71603,71605,71607,71609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71582,769],{"class":61},[55,71584,66],{"class":65},[55,71586,3211],{"class":69},[55,71588,74],{"class":73},[55,71590,194],{"class":77},[55,71592,74],{"class":73},[55,71594,83],{"class":69},[55,71596,86],{"class":73},[55,71598,786],{"class":77},[55,71600,74],{"class":73},[55,71602,83],{"class":69},[55,71604,86],{"class":73},[55,71606,795],{"class":77},[55,71608,74],{"class":73},[55,71610,386],{"class":69},[55,71612,71613,71615,71617,71619,71621,71623,71625,71627],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71614,812],{"class":61},[55,71616,198],{"class":69},[55,71618,34394],{"class":123},[55,71620,120],{"class":69},[55,71622,74],{"class":73},[55,71624,786],{"class":77},[55,71626,74],{"class":73},[55,71628,103],{"class":69},[55,71630,71631,71633,71635,71637],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71632,117],{"class":116},[55,71634,120],{"class":69},[55,71636,812],{"class":123},[55,71638,103],{"class":69},[14,71640,314],{},[45,71642,71644],{"className":47,"code":71643,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['a', 'c']\n",[52,71645,71646],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71647,71648,71650,71652,71654,71656,71658,71660,71662,71664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71649,127],{"class":69},[55,71651,2889],{"class":73},[55,71653,194],{"class":77},[55,71655,2889],{"class":73},[55,71657,83],{"class":69},[55,71659,2884],{"class":73},[55,71661,795],{"class":77},[55,71663,2889],{"class":73},[55,71665,386],{"class":69},[37,71667,5380],{"id":5379},[14,71669,64770],{},[45,71671,71673],{"className":47,"code":71672,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[52,71674,71675,71707,71725],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71676,71677,71679,71681,71683,71685,71687,71689,71691,71693,71695,71697,71699,71701,71703,71705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71678,62],{"class":61},[55,71680,66],{"class":65},[55,71682,3211],{"class":69},[55,71684,74],{"class":73},[55,71686,78],{"class":77},[55,71688,74],{"class":73},[55,71690,83],{"class":69},[55,71692,86],{"class":73},[55,71694,98],{"class":77},[55,71696,74],{"class":73},[55,71698,83],{"class":69},[55,71700,86],{"class":73},[55,71702,89],{"class":77},[55,71704,74],{"class":73},[55,71706,386],{"class":69},[55,71708,71709,71711,71713,71715,71717,71719,71721,71723],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71710,124],{"class":61},[55,71712,198],{"class":69},[55,71714,34394],{"class":123},[55,71716,120],{"class":69},[55,71718,74],{"class":73},[55,71720,98],{"class":77},[55,71722,74],{"class":73},[55,71724,103],{"class":69},[55,71726,71727,71729,71731,71733],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71728,117],{"class":116},[55,71730,120],{"class":69},[55,71732,124],{"class":123},[55,71734,103],{"class":69},[14,71736,314],{},[45,71738,71740],{"className":47,"code":71739,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['red', 'green']\n",[52,71741,71742],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71743,71744,71746,71748,71750,71752,71754,71756,71758,71760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71745,127],{"class":69},[55,71747,2889],{"class":73},[55,71749,78],{"class":77},[55,71751,2889],{"class":73},[55,71753,83],{"class":69},[55,71755,2884],{"class":73},[55,71757,89],{"class":77},[55,71759,2889],{"class":73},[55,71761,386],{"class":69},[14,71763,11282],{},[21,71765,71766,71769,71775],{},[24,71767,71768],{},"A list is created with three values",[24,71770,71771,71774],{},[52,71772,71773],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[24,71776,71777],{},"The list is printed after the change",[14,71779,71780],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[45,71782,71784],{"className":47,"code":71783,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[52,71785,71786,71810,71824],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71787,71788,71790,71792,71794,71796,71798,71800,71802,71804,71806,71808],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71789,4654],{"class":61},[55,71791,66],{"class":65},[55,71793,3211],{"class":69},[55,71795,250],{"class":130},[55,71797,83],{"class":69},[55,71799,255],{"class":130},[55,71801,83],{"class":69},[55,71803,260],{"class":130},[55,71805,83],{"class":69},[55,71807,1051],{"class":130},[55,71809,386],{"class":69},[55,71811,71812,71814,71816,71818,71820,71822],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71813,15986],{"class":61},[55,71815,198],{"class":69},[55,71817,34394],{"class":123},[55,71819,120],{"class":69},[55,71821,36437],{"class":130},[55,71823,103],{"class":69},[55,71825,71826,71828,71830,71832],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71827,117],{"class":116},[55,71829,120],{"class":69},[55,71831,15986],{"class":123},[55,71833,103],{"class":69},[14,71835,314],{},[45,71837,71839],{"className":47,"code":71838,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[52,71840,71841],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71842,71843,71845,71847,71849,71851,71853,71855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71844,127],{"class":69},[55,71846,250],{"class":130},[55,71848,83],{"class":69},[55,71850,255],{"class":130},[55,71852,83],{"class":69},[55,71854,1051],{"class":130},[55,71856,386],{"class":69},[37,71858,71860],{"id":71859},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[14,71862,64760,71863,71865,71866,71868],{},[52,71864,55125],{}," deletes only the ",[3332,71867,29506],{}," one.",[45,71870,71872],{"className":47,"code":71871,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[52,71873,71874,71914,71932],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71875,71876,71878,71880,71882,71884,71886,71888,71890,71892,71894,71896,71898,71900,71902,71904,71906,71908,71910,71912],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71877,7375],{"class":61},[55,71879,66],{"class":65},[55,71881,3211],{"class":69},[55,71883,74],{"class":73},[55,71885,407],{"class":77},[55,71887,74],{"class":73},[55,71889,83],{"class":69},[55,71891,86],{"class":73},[55,71893,416],{"class":77},[55,71895,74],{"class":73},[55,71897,83],{"class":69},[55,71899,86],{"class":73},[55,71901,407],{"class":77},[55,71903,74],{"class":73},[55,71905,83],{"class":69},[55,71907,86],{"class":73},[55,71909,32820],{"class":77},[55,71911,74],{"class":73},[55,71913,386],{"class":69},[55,71915,71916,71918,71920,71922,71924,71926,71928,71930],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,71917,7404],{"class":61},[55,71919,198],{"class":69},[55,71921,34394],{"class":123},[55,71923,120],{"class":69},[55,71925,74],{"class":73},[55,71927,407],{"class":77},[55,71929,74],{"class":73},[55,71931,103],{"class":69},[55,71933,71934,71936,71938,71940],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,71935,117],{"class":116},[55,71937,120],{"class":69},[55,71939,7404],{"class":123},[55,71941,103],{"class":69},[14,71943,314],{},[45,71945,71947],{"className":47,"code":71946,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[52,71948,71949],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71950,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961,71963,71965,71967,71969,71971,71973,71975],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71952,127],{"class":69},[55,71954,2889],{"class":73},[55,71956,416],{"class":77},[55,71958,2889],{"class":73},[55,71960,83],{"class":69},[55,71962,2884],{"class":73},[55,71964,407],{"class":77},[55,71966,2889],{"class":73},[55,71968,83],{"class":69},[55,71970,2884],{"class":73},[55,71972,32820],{"class":77},[55,71974,2889],{"class":73},[55,71976,386],{"class":69},[14,71978,71979,71980,71982],{},"Only the first ",[52,71981,57430],{}," was removed.",[14,71984,71985,71986,71988],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[52,71987,55125],{}," again:",[45,71990,71992],{"className":47,"code":71991,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[52,71993,71994,72034,72052,72070],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,71995,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004,72006,72008,72010,72012,72014,72016,72018,72020,72022,72024,72026,72028,72030,72032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,71997,7375],{"class":61},[55,71999,66],{"class":65},[55,72001,3211],{"class":69},[55,72003,74],{"class":73},[55,72005,407],{"class":77},[55,72007,74],{"class":73},[55,72009,83],{"class":69},[55,72011,86],{"class":73},[55,72013,416],{"class":77},[55,72015,74],{"class":73},[55,72017,83],{"class":69},[55,72019,86],{"class":73},[55,72021,407],{"class":77},[55,72023,74],{"class":73},[55,72025,83],{"class":69},[55,72027,86],{"class":73},[55,72029,32820],{"class":77},[55,72031,74],{"class":73},[55,72033,386],{"class":69},[55,72035,72036,72038,72040,72042,72044,72046,72048,72050],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72037,7404],{"class":61},[55,72039,198],{"class":69},[55,72041,34394],{"class":123},[55,72043,120],{"class":69},[55,72045,74],{"class":73},[55,72047,407],{"class":77},[55,72049,74],{"class":73},[55,72051,103],{"class":69},[55,72053,72054,72056,72058,72060,72062,72064,72066,72068],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,72055,7404],{"class":61},[55,72057,198],{"class":69},[55,72059,34394],{"class":123},[55,72061,120],{"class":69},[55,72063,74],{"class":73},[55,72065,407],{"class":77},[55,72067,74],{"class":73},[55,72069,103],{"class":69},[55,72071,72072,72074,72076,72078],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,72073,117],{"class":116},[55,72075,120],{"class":69},[55,72077,7404],{"class":123},[55,72079,103],{"class":69},[14,72081,314],{},[45,72083,72085],{"className":47,"code":72084,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[52,72086,72087],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72088,72089,72091,72093,72095,72097,72099,72101,72103,72105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72090,127],{"class":69},[55,72092,2889],{"class":73},[55,72094,416],{"class":77},[55,72096,2889],{"class":73},[55,72098,83],{"class":69},[55,72100,2884],{"class":73},[55,72102,32820],{"class":77},[55,72104,2889],{"class":73},[55,72106,386],{"class":69},[14,72108,72109,72110,72112],{},"If you need to remove ",[3332,72111,3304],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[45,72114,72116],{"className":47,"code":72115,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[52,72117,72118,72158,72192],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72119,72120,72122,72124,72126,72128,72130,72132,72134,72136,72138,72140,72142,72144,72146,72148,72150,72152,72154,72156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72121,7375],{"class":61},[55,72123,66],{"class":65},[55,72125,3211],{"class":69},[55,72127,74],{"class":73},[55,72129,407],{"class":77},[55,72131,74],{"class":73},[55,72133,83],{"class":69},[55,72135,86],{"class":73},[55,72137,416],{"class":77},[55,72139,74],{"class":73},[55,72141,83],{"class":69},[55,72143,86],{"class":73},[55,72145,407],{"class":77},[55,72147,74],{"class":73},[55,72149,83],{"class":69},[55,72151,86],{"class":73},[55,72153,32820],{"class":77},[55,72155,74],{"class":73},[55,72157,386],{"class":69},[55,72159,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72177,72179,72181,72184,72186,72188,72190],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72161,7375],{"class":61},[55,72163,66],{"class":65},[55,72165,3211],{"class":69},[55,72167,28135],{"class":61},[55,72169,5551],{"class":959},[55,72171,5554],{"class":61},[55,72173,3474],{"class":959},[55,72175,72176],{"class":61}," items ",[55,72178,960],{"class":959},[55,72180,5554],{"class":61},[55,72182,72183],{"class":65},"!=",[55,72185,86],{"class":73},[55,72187,407],{"class":77},[55,72189,74],{"class":73},[55,72191,386],{"class":69},[55,72193,72194,72196,72198,72200],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,72195,117],{"class":116},[55,72197,120],{"class":69},[55,72199,7404],{"class":123},[55,72201,103],{"class":69},[14,72203,314],{},[45,72205,72206],{"className":47,"code":72084,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,72207,72208],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72209,72210,72212,72214,72216,72218,72220,72222,72224,72226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72211,127],{"class":69},[55,72213,2889],{"class":73},[55,72215,416],{"class":77},[55,72217,2889],{"class":73},[55,72219,83],{"class":69},[55,72221,2884],{"class":73},[55,72223,32820],{"class":77},[55,72225,2889],{"class":73},[55,72227,386],{"class":69},[37,72229,65226],{"id":65225},[14,72231,65229,72232,198],{},[52,72233,40300],{},[45,72235,72237],{"className":47,"code":72236,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[52,72238,72239,72271],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72240,72241,72243,72245,72247,72249,72251,72253,72255,72257,72259,72261,72263,72265,72267,72269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72242,7375],{"class":61},[55,72244,66],{"class":65},[55,72246,3211],{"class":69},[55,72248,74],{"class":73},[55,72250,407],{"class":77},[55,72252,74],{"class":73},[55,72254,83],{"class":69},[55,72256,86],{"class":73},[55,72258,416],{"class":77},[55,72260,74],{"class":73},[55,72262,83],{"class":69},[55,72264,86],{"class":73},[55,72266,32820],{"class":77},[55,72268,74],{"class":73},[55,72270,386],{"class":69},[55,72272,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72274,7404],{"class":61},[55,72276,198],{"class":69},[55,72278,34394],{"class":123},[55,72280,120],{"class":69},[55,72282,74],{"class":73},[55,72284,22129],{"class":77},[55,72286,74],{"class":73},[55,72288,103],{"class":69},[14,72290,314],{},[45,72292,72294],{"className":47,"code":72293,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[52,72295,72296],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72297,72298,72300,72302,72304,72306,72308,72310,72312,72314,72316,72318,72320],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72299,40300],{"class":850},[55,72301,854],{"class":69},[55,72303,22156],{"class":850},[55,72305,198],{"class":69},[55,72307,34394],{"class":123},[55,72309,120],{"class":69},[55,72311,1757],{"class":123},[55,72313,16049],{"class":69},[55,72315,3471],{"class":61},[55,72317,4222],{"class":65},[55,72319,20770],{"class":65},[55,72321,72322],{"class":850}," list\n",[14,72324,72325],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[14,72327,72328],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[45,72330,72332],{"className":47,"code":72331,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,72333,72334,72366,72378,72382,72394,72409,72413],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72335,72336,72338,72340,72342,72344,72346,72348,72350,72352,72354,72356,72358,72360,72362,72364],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72337,7375],{"class":61},[55,72339,66],{"class":65},[55,72341,3211],{"class":69},[55,72343,74],{"class":73},[55,72345,407],{"class":77},[55,72347,74],{"class":73},[55,72349,83],{"class":69},[55,72351,86],{"class":73},[55,72353,416],{"class":77},[55,72355,74],{"class":73},[55,72357,83],{"class":69},[55,72359,86],{"class":73},[55,72361,32820],{"class":77},[55,72363,74],{"class":73},[55,72365,386],{"class":69},[55,72367,72368,72370,72372,72374,72376],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72369,2031],{"class":61},[55,72371,66],{"class":65},[55,72373,86],{"class":73},[55,72375,22129],{"class":77},[55,72377,1288],{"class":73},[55,72379,72380],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,72381,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,72383,72384,72386,72388,72390,72392],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,72385,960],{"class":959},[55,72387,21181],{"class":61},[55,72389,3474],{"class":65},[55,72391,5559],{"class":61},[55,72393,979],{"class":69},[55,72395,72396,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,72397,72398],{"class":61},"    items",[55,72400,198],{"class":69},[55,72402,34394],{"class":123},[55,72404,120],{"class":69},[55,72406,2058],{"class":123},[55,72408,103],{"class":69},[55,72410,72411],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,72412,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,72414,72415,72417,72419,72421],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,72416,117],{"class":116},[55,72418,120],{"class":69},[55,72420,7404],{"class":123},[55,72422,103],{"class":69},[14,72424,314],{},[45,72426,72428],{"className":47,"code":72427,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[52,72429,72430],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72431,72432,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72433,127],{"class":69},[55,72435,2889],{"class":73},[55,72437,407],{"class":77},[55,72439,2889],{"class":73},[55,72441,83],{"class":69},[55,72443,2884],{"class":73},[55,72445,416],{"class":77},[55,72447,2889],{"class":73},[55,72449,83],{"class":69},[55,72451,2884],{"class":73},[55,72453,32820],{"class":77},[55,72455,2889],{"class":73},[55,72457,386],{"class":69},[14,72459,72460,72461,72463],{},"This avoids the error because ",[52,72462,55125],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[14,72465,72466,72467,198],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[194,72468,65435],{"href":72469},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[37,72471,72473],{"id":72472},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[14,72475,72476,3983,72478,72480],{},[52,72477,55125],{},[52,72479,12363],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[21,72482,72483,72490,72496,72502],{},[24,72484,72485,72487,72488],{},[52,72486,55125],{}," deletes by ",[3332,72489,2058],{},[24,72491,72492,72487,72494],{},[52,72493,12363],{},[3332,72495,383],{},[24,72497,72498,1981,72500],{},[52,72499,55125],{},[52,72501,3368],{},[24,72503,72504,72506],{},[52,72505,12363],{}," returns the removed item",[14,72508,45638,72509,854],{},[52,72510,55125],{},[45,72512,72514],{"className":47,"code":72513,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[52,72515,72516,72548,72566],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72517,72518,72520,72522,72524,72526,72528,72530,72532,72534,72536,72538,72540,72542,72544,72546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72519,7375],{"class":61},[55,72521,66],{"class":65},[55,72523,3211],{"class":69},[55,72525,74],{"class":73},[55,72527,407],{"class":77},[55,72529,74],{"class":73},[55,72531,83],{"class":69},[55,72533,86],{"class":73},[55,72535,416],{"class":77},[55,72537,74],{"class":73},[55,72539,83],{"class":69},[55,72541,86],{"class":73},[55,72543,32820],{"class":77},[55,72545,74],{"class":73},[55,72547,386],{"class":69},[55,72549,72550,72552,72554,72556,72558,72560,72562,72564],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72551,7404],{"class":61},[55,72553,198],{"class":69},[55,72555,34394],{"class":123},[55,72557,120],{"class":69},[55,72559,74],{"class":73},[55,72561,416],{"class":77},[55,72563,74],{"class":73},[55,72565,103],{"class":69},[55,72567,72568,72570,72572,72574],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,72569,117],{"class":116},[55,72571,120],{"class":69},[55,72573,7404],{"class":123},[55,72575,103],{"class":69},[14,72577,314],{},[45,72579,72581],{"className":47,"code":72580,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[52,72582,72583],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72584,72585,72587,72589,72591,72593,72595,72597,72599,72601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72586,127],{"class":69},[55,72588,2889],{"class":73},[55,72590,407],{"class":77},[55,72592,2889],{"class":73},[55,72594,83],{"class":69},[55,72596,2884],{"class":73},[55,72598,32820],{"class":77},[55,72600,2889],{"class":73},[55,72602,386],{"class":69},[14,72604,45638,72605,854],{},[52,72606,12363],{},[45,72608,72610],{"className":47,"code":72609,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[52,72611,72612,72644,72663,72667,72677],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72613,72614,72616,72618,72620,72622,72624,72626,72628,72630,72632,72634,72636,72638,72640,72642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72615,7375],{"class":61},[55,72617,66],{"class":65},[55,72619,3211],{"class":69},[55,72621,74],{"class":73},[55,72623,407],{"class":77},[55,72625,74],{"class":73},[55,72627,83],{"class":69},[55,72629,86],{"class":73},[55,72631,416],{"class":77},[55,72633,74],{"class":73},[55,72635,83],{"class":69},[55,72637,86],{"class":73},[55,72639,32820],{"class":77},[55,72641,74],{"class":73},[55,72643,386],{"class":69},[55,72645,72646,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72659,72661],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72647,72648],{"class":61},"removed_item ",[55,72650,66],{"class":65},[55,72652,5559],{"class":61},[55,72654,198],{"class":69},[55,72656,25837],{"class":123},[55,72658,120],{"class":69},[55,72660,152],{"class":130},[55,72662,103],{"class":69},[55,72664,72665],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,72666,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,72668,72669,72671,72673,72675],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,72670,117],{"class":116},[55,72672,120],{"class":69},[55,72674,7404],{"class":123},[55,72676,103],{"class":69},[55,72678,72679,72681,72683,72686],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,72680,117],{"class":116},[55,72682,120],{"class":69},[55,72684,72685],{"class":123},"removed_item",[55,72687,103],{"class":69},[14,72689,314],{},[45,72691,72693],{"className":47,"code":72692,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[52,72694,72695,72715],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72696,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709,72711,72713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72698,127],{"class":69},[55,72700,2889],{"class":73},[55,72702,407],{"class":77},[55,72704,2889],{"class":73},[55,72706,83],{"class":69},[55,72708,2884],{"class":73},[55,72710,32820],{"class":77},[55,72712,2889],{"class":73},[55,72714,386],{"class":69},[55,72716,72717],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72718,70000],{"class":61},[14,72720,1440,72721,72723],{},[52,72722,55125],{}," when you know the item value.",[14,72725,1440,72726,72728],{},[52,72727,12363],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[14,72730,72731,72732,198],{},"For more detail, see the ",[194,72733,72734],{"href":54675},"Python list pop() method",[37,72736,72738],{"id":72737},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[14,72740,72741,3983,72743,72745],{},[52,72742,55125],{},[52,72744,26621],{}," are also different.",[21,72747,72748,72753,72758,72763],{},[24,72749,72750,72752],{},[52,72751,55125],{}," deletes by matching value",[24,72754,72755,72757],{},[52,72756,26621],{}," deletes by index or slice",[24,72759,1440,72760,72762],{},[52,72761,26621],{}," when you know the position",[24,72764,1440,72765,72767],{},[52,72766,55125],{}," when you know the item value",[14,72769,45638,72770,854],{},[52,72771,26621],{},[45,72773,72775],{"className":47,"code":72774,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[52,72776,72777,72809,72821],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72778,72779,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803,72805,72807],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72780,7375],{"class":61},[55,72782,66],{"class":65},[55,72784,3211],{"class":69},[55,72786,74],{"class":73},[55,72788,407],{"class":77},[55,72790,74],{"class":73},[55,72792,83],{"class":69},[55,72794,86],{"class":73},[55,72796,416],{"class":77},[55,72798,74],{"class":73},[55,72800,83],{"class":69},[55,72802,86],{"class":73},[55,72804,32820],{"class":77},[55,72806,74],{"class":73},[55,72808,386],{"class":69},[55,72810,72811,72813,72815,72817,72819],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72812,26621],{"class":959},[55,72814,5559],{"class":61},[55,72816,127],{"class":69},[55,72818,152],{"class":130},[55,72820,386],{"class":69},[55,72822,72823,72825,72827,72829],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,72824,117],{"class":116},[55,72826,120],{"class":69},[55,72828,7404],{"class":123},[55,72830,103],{"class":69},[14,72832,314],{},[45,72834,72835],{"className":47,"code":72580,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,72836,72837],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72838,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847,72849,72851,72853,72855],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72840,127],{"class":69},[55,72842,2889],{"class":73},[55,72844,407],{"class":77},[55,72846,2889],{"class":73},[55,72848,83],{"class":69},[55,72850,2884],{"class":73},[55,72852,32820],{"class":77},[55,72854,2889],{"class":73},[55,72856,386],{"class":69},[14,72858,72859,72860,72862,72863,72865],{},"This removed the item at index ",[52,72861,152],{},", not the value ",[52,72864,64870],{}," directly.",[14,72867,72868,72869,198],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[194,72870,54664],{"href":54663},[37,72872,1298],{"id":1297},[14,72874,20808,72875,854],{},[52,72876,55125],{},[21,72878,72879,72882,72887,72894,72903],{},[24,72880,72881],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[24,72883,8048,72884,72886],{},[52,72885,55125],{}," to delete all matching values",[24,72888,12194,72889,72891,72892],{},[52,72890,55125],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[52,72893,3368],{},[24,72895,8012,72896,44227,72898,2465,72900,72902],{},[52,72897,55125],{},[52,72899,12363],{},[52,72901,26621],{}," would be a better fit",[24,72904,72905],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[14,72907,71097],{},[45,72909,72911],{"className":47,"code":72910,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[52,72912,72913,72923,72937,72955,72969],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,72914,72915,72917,72919,72921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,72916,117],{"class":116},[55,72918,120],{"class":69},[55,72920,7934],{"class":123},[55,72922,103],{"class":69},[55,72924,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,72926,117],{"class":116},[55,72928,120],{"class":69},[55,72930,2031],{"class":123},[55,72932,3474],{"class":959},[55,72934,7990],{"class":123},[55,72936,103],{"class":69},[55,72938,72939,72941,72943,72945,72947,72949,72951,72953],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,72940,117],{"class":116},[55,72942,120],{"class":69},[55,72944,7934],{"class":123},[55,72946,198],{"class":69},[55,72948,40856],{"class":123},[55,72950,120],{"class":69},[55,72952,2058],{"class":123},[55,72954,1357],{"class":69},[55,72956,72957,72959,72961,72963,72965,72967],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,72958,117],{"class":116},[55,72960,120],{"class":69},[55,72962,1396],{"class":850},[55,72964,120],{"class":69},[55,72966,7934],{"class":123},[55,72968,1357],{"class":69},[55,72970,72971,72973,72975,72977,72979,72981],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,72972,31751],{"class":116},[55,72974,120],{"class":69},[55,72976,7688],{"class":850},[55,72978,198],{"class":69},[55,72980,34394],{"class":24347},[55,72982,103],{"class":69},[14,72984,72985],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[21,72987,72988,72991,72994,72997],{},[24,72989,72990],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[24,72992,72993],{},"How many times does it appear?",[24,72995,72996],{},"Am I working with a list?",[24,72998,72999],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[14,73001,73002,73003,73005],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[194,73004,71261],{"href":58562}," may also help.",[37,73007,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,73009,73011],{"id":73010},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[14,73013,73014],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[1425,73016,73018],{"id":73017},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[14,73020,4739,73021,73023],{},[52,73022,3368],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[1425,73025,73027],{"id":73026},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[14,73029,73030,73031,73034,73035,198],{},"Check with ",[52,73032,73033],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[52,73036,55125],{},[1425,73038,73040],{"id":73039},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[14,73042,1440,73043,73045,73046,73048],{},[52,73044,55125],{}," for a value and ",[52,73047,12363],{}," for an index.",[37,73050,1495],{"id":1494},[21,73052,73053,73057,73061,73065,73069],{},[24,73054,73055],{},[194,73056,55111],{"href":54663},[24,73058,73059],{},[194,73060,72734],{"href":54675},[24,73062,73063],{},[194,73064,71261],{"href":58562},[24,73066,73067],{},[194,73068,65435],{"href":72469},[24,73070,73071],{},[194,73072,73074],{"href":73073},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1524,73076,73077],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":73079},[73080,73081,73082,73083,73084,73085,73086,73087,73088,73089,73095],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":71406,"depth":106,"text":71407},{"id":5022,"depth":106,"text":5023},{"id":5379,"depth":106,"text":5380},{"id":71859,"depth":106,"text":71860},{"id":65225,"depth":106,"text":65226},{"id":72472,"depth":106,"text":72473},{"id":72737,"depth":106,"text":72738},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":73090},[73091,73092,73093,73094],{"id":73010,"depth":113,"text":73011},{"id":73017,"depth":113,"text":73018},{"id":73026,"depth":113,"text":73027},{"id":73039,"depth":113,"text":73040},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71309,"description":73096},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73103,"title":73104,"body":73105,"description":74996,"extension":1546,"meta":74997,"navigation":109,"path":74998,"seo":74999,"stem":75000,"__hash__":75001},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73106,"toc":74966},[73107,73113,73119,73122,73133,73135,73184,73189,73194,73198,73213,73215,73280,73282,73323,73325,73327,73342,73344,73355,73357,73414,73416,73449,73451,73454,73503,73505,73530,73532,73548,73554,73561,73622,73624,73657,73662,73665,73745,73747,73808,73814,73818,73821,73885,73887,73912,73914,73934,73936,73985,73987,74008,74017,74020,74024,74029,74074,74076,74097,74103,74108,74116,74180,74182,74219,74225,74229,74236,74301,74303,74340,74344,74361,74371,74376,74381,74392,74399,74401,74407,74430,74433,74460,74465,74468,74569,74571,74626,74629,74736,74738,74809,74812,74838,74840,74845,74849,74857,74862,74867,74873,74878,74882,74885,74902,74905,74925,74933,74935,74963],[10,73108,53938,73110,10920],{"id":73109},"python-list-reverse-method",[52,73111,73112],{},"reverse()",[14,73114,73115,73118],{},[52,73116,73117],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[14,73120,73121],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[14,73123,73124,73125,73127,73128,73132],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[52,73126,73112],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[194,73129,73131],{"href":73130},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[37,73134,40],{"id":39},[45,73136,73138],{"className":47,"code":73137,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[52,73139,73140,73160,73171],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73141,73142,73144,73146,73148,73150,73152,73154,73156,73158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73143,243],{"class":61},[55,73145,66],{"class":65},[55,73147,3211],{"class":69},[55,73149,152],{"class":130},[55,73151,83],{"class":69},[55,73153,976],{"class":130},[55,73155,83],{"class":69},[55,73157,2036],{"class":130},[55,73159,386],{"class":69},[55,73161,73162,73164,73166,73169],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73163,275],{"class":61},[55,73165,198],{"class":69},[55,73167,73168],{"class":123},"reverse",[55,73170,8239],{"class":69},[55,73172,73173,73175,73177,73179,73181],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73174,117],{"class":116},[55,73176,120],{"class":69},[55,73178,275],{"class":123},[55,73180,970],{"class":69},[55,73182,73183],{"class":137},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[14,73185,73186,73188],{},[52,73187,73112],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[37,73190,3265,73192,3268],{"id":73191},"what-listreverse-does",[52,73193,73117],{},[14,73195,73196,854],{},[52,73197,73117],{},[21,73199,73200,73203,73206,73210],{},[24,73201,73202],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[24,73204,73205],{},"Changes the original list directly",[24,73207,11022,73208],{},[52,73209,3368],{},[24,73211,73212],{},"Works only on list objects",[14,73214,233],{},[45,73216,73218],{"className":47,"code":73217,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[52,73219,73220,73260,73270],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73221,73222,73224,73226,73228,73230,73232,73234,73236,73238,73240,73242,73244,73246,73248,73250,73252,73254,73256,73258],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73223,769],{"class":61},[55,73225,66],{"class":65},[55,73227,3211],{"class":69},[55,73229,74],{"class":73},[55,73231,194],{"class":77},[55,73233,74],{"class":73},[55,73235,83],{"class":69},[55,73237,86],{"class":73},[55,73239,786],{"class":77},[55,73241,74],{"class":73},[55,73243,83],{"class":69},[55,73245,86],{"class":73},[55,73247,795],{"class":77},[55,73249,74],{"class":73},[55,73251,83],{"class":69},[55,73253,86],{"class":73},[55,73255,18365],{"class":77},[55,73257,74],{"class":73},[55,73259,386],{"class":69},[55,73261,73262,73264,73266,73268],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73263,812],{"class":61},[55,73265,198],{"class":69},[55,73267,73168],{"class":123},[55,73269,8239],{"class":69},[55,73271,73272,73274,73276,73278],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73273,117],{"class":116},[55,73275,120],{"class":69},[55,73277,812],{"class":123},[55,73279,103],{"class":69},[14,73281,314],{},[45,73283,73285],{"className":47,"code":73284,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[52,73286,73287],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73288,73289,73291,73293,73295,73297,73299,73301,73303,73305,73307,73309,73311,73313,73315,73317,73319,73321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73290,127],{"class":69},[55,73292,2889],{"class":73},[55,73294,18365],{"class":77},[55,73296,2889],{"class":73},[55,73298,83],{"class":69},[55,73300,2884],{"class":73},[55,73302,795],{"class":77},[55,73304,2889],{"class":73},[55,73306,83],{"class":69},[55,73308,2884],{"class":73},[55,73310,786],{"class":77},[55,73312,2889],{"class":73},[55,73314,83],{"class":69},[55,73316,2884],{"class":73},[55,73318,194],{"class":77},[55,73320,2889],{"class":73},[55,73322,386],{"class":69},[37,73324,1740],{"id":1739},[14,73326,1743],{},[45,73328,73330],{"className":47,"code":73329,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.reverse()\n",[52,73331,73332],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73333,73334,73336,73338,73340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73335,7934],{"class":61},[55,73337,198],{"class":69},[55,73339,73168],{"class":123},[55,73341,8239],{"class":69},[14,73343,12652],{},[21,73345,73346,73349,73352],{},[24,73347,73348],{},"No arguments are needed",[24,73350,73351],{},"You call it on an existing list",[24,73353,73354],{},"It only works on lists",[14,73356,233],{},[45,73358,73360],{"className":47,"code":73359,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[52,73361,73362,73394,73404],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73363,73364,73366,73368,73370,73372,73374,73376,73378,73380,73382,73384,73386,73388,73390,73392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73365,62],{"class":61},[55,73367,66],{"class":65},[55,73369,3211],{"class":69},[55,73371,74],{"class":73},[55,73373,78],{"class":77},[55,73375,74],{"class":73},[55,73377,83],{"class":69},[55,73379,86],{"class":73},[55,73381,89],{"class":77},[55,73383,74],{"class":73},[55,73385,83],{"class":69},[55,73387,86],{"class":73},[55,73389,98],{"class":77},[55,73391,74],{"class":73},[55,73393,386],{"class":69},[55,73395,73396,73398,73400,73402],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73397,124],{"class":61},[55,73399,198],{"class":69},[55,73401,73168],{"class":123},[55,73403,8239],{"class":69},[55,73405,73406,73408,73410,73412],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73407,117],{"class":116},[55,73409,120],{"class":69},[55,73411,124],{"class":123},[55,73413,103],{"class":69},[14,73415,314],{},[45,73417,73419],{"className":47,"code":73418,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[52,73420,73421],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73422,73423,73425,73427,73429,73431,73433,73435,73437,73439,73441,73443,73445,73447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73424,127],{"class":69},[55,73426,2889],{"class":73},[55,73428,98],{"class":77},[55,73430,2889],{"class":73},[55,73432,83],{"class":69},[55,73434,2884],{"class":73},[55,73436,89],{"class":77},[55,73438,2889],{"class":73},[55,73440,83],{"class":69},[55,73442,2884],{"class":73},[55,73444,78],{"class":77},[55,73446,2889],{"class":73},[55,73448,386],{"class":69},[37,73450,11073],{"id":11072},[14,73452,73453],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[45,73455,73457],{"className":47,"code":73456,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,73458,73459,73483,73493],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73460,73461,73463,73465,73467,73469,73471,73473,73475,73477,73479,73481],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73462,243],{"class":61},[55,73464,66],{"class":65},[55,73466,3211],{"class":69},[55,73468,250],{"class":130},[55,73470,83],{"class":69},[55,73472,255],{"class":130},[55,73474,83],{"class":69},[55,73476,260],{"class":130},[55,73478,83],{"class":69},[55,73480,1051],{"class":130},[55,73482,386],{"class":69},[55,73484,73485,73487,73489,73491],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73486,275],{"class":61},[55,73488,198],{"class":69},[55,73490,73168],{"class":123},[55,73492,8239],{"class":69},[55,73494,73495,73497,73499,73501],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73496,117],{"class":116},[55,73498,120],{"class":69},[55,73500,275],{"class":123},[55,73502,103],{"class":69},[14,73504,314],{},[45,73506,73508],{"className":47,"code":73507,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[52,73509,73510],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73511,73512,73514,73516,73518,73520,73522,73524,73526,73528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73513,127],{"class":69},[55,73515,56289],{"class":130},[55,73517,83],{"class":69},[55,73519,260],{"class":130},[55,73521,83],{"class":69},[55,73523,255],{"class":130},[55,73525,83],{"class":69},[55,73527,5598],{"class":130},[55,73529,386],{"class":69},[14,73531,11282],{},[21,73533,73534,73540,73545],{},[24,73535,73536,73537],{},"The list starts as ",[52,73538,73539],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[24,73541,73542,73544],{},[52,73543,73112],{}," flips the order",[24,73546,73547],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[37,73549,73551,73553],{"id":73550},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[52,73552,73112],{}," changes the original list",[14,73555,73556,73557,73560],{},"This method is ",[3332,73558,73559],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[45,73562,73564],{"className":47,"code":73563,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[52,73565,73566,73598,73608,73612],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73567,73568,73570,73572,73574,73576,73578,73580,73582,73584,73586,73588,73590,73592,73594,73596],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73569,398],{"class":61},[55,73571,66],{"class":65},[55,73573,3211],{"class":69},[55,73575,74],{"class":73},[55,73577,407],{"class":77},[55,73579,74],{"class":73},[55,73581,83],{"class":69},[55,73583,86],{"class":73},[55,73585,416],{"class":77},[55,73587,74],{"class":73},[55,73589,83],{"class":69},[55,73591,86],{"class":73},[55,73593,425],{"class":77},[55,73595,74],{"class":73},[55,73597,386],{"class":69},[55,73599,73600,73602,73604,73606],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73601,442],{"class":61},[55,73603,198],{"class":69},[55,73605,73168],{"class":123},[55,73607,8239],{"class":69},[55,73609,73610],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73611,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,73613,73614,73616,73618,73620],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,73615,117],{"class":116},[55,73617,120],{"class":69},[55,73619,442],{"class":123},[55,73621,103],{"class":69},[14,73623,314],{},[45,73625,73627],{"className":47,"code":73626,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[52,73628,73629],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73630,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641,73643,73645,73647,73649,73651,73653,73655],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73632,127],{"class":69},[55,73634,2889],{"class":73},[55,73636,425],{"class":77},[55,73638,2889],{"class":73},[55,73640,83],{"class":69},[55,73642,2884],{"class":73},[55,73644,416],{"class":77},[55,73646,2889],{"class":73},[55,73648,83],{"class":69},[55,73650,2884],{"class":73},[55,73652,407],{"class":77},[55,73654,2889],{"class":73},[55,73656,386],{"class":69},[14,73658,1440,73659,73661],{},[52,73660,73112],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[14,73663,73664],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[45,73666,73668],{"className":47,"code":73667,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[52,73669,73670,73702,73720,73724,73734],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73671,73672,73674,73676,73678,73680,73682,73684,73686,73688,73690,73692,73694,73696,73698,73700],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73673,398],{"class":61},[55,73675,66],{"class":65},[55,73677,3211],{"class":69},[55,73679,74],{"class":73},[55,73681,407],{"class":77},[55,73683,74],{"class":73},[55,73685,83],{"class":69},[55,73687,86],{"class":73},[55,73689,416],{"class":77},[55,73691,74],{"class":73},[55,73693,83],{"class":69},[55,73695,86],{"class":73},[55,73697,425],{"class":77},[55,73699,74],{"class":73},[55,73701,386],{"class":69},[55,73703,73704,73707,73709,73711,73714,73716,73718],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73705,73706],{"class":61},"reversed_fruits ",[55,73708,66],{"class":65},[55,73710,52447],{"class":61},[55,73712,73713],{"class":69},"[::",[55,73715,171],{"class":65},[55,73717,152],{"class":130},[55,73719,386],{"class":69},[55,73721,73722],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73723,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,73725,73726,73728,73730,73732],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,73727,117],{"class":116},[55,73729,120],{"class":69},[55,73731,442],{"class":123},[55,73733,103],{"class":69},[55,73735,73736,73738,73740,73743],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,73737,117],{"class":116},[55,73739,120],{"class":69},[55,73741,73742],{"class":123},"reversed_fruits",[55,73744,103],{"class":69},[14,73746,314],{},[45,73748,73750],{"className":47,"code":73749,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[52,73751,73752,73780],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73753,73754,73756,73758,73760,73762,73764,73766,73768,73770,73772,73774,73776,73778],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73755,127],{"class":69},[55,73757,2889],{"class":73},[55,73759,407],{"class":77},[55,73761,2889],{"class":73},[55,73763,83],{"class":69},[55,73765,2884],{"class":73},[55,73767,416],{"class":77},[55,73769,2889],{"class":73},[55,73771,83],{"class":69},[55,73773,2884],{"class":73},[55,73775,425],{"class":77},[55,73777,2889],{"class":73},[55,73779,386],{"class":69},[55,73781,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804,73806],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73783,127],{"class":69},[55,73785,2889],{"class":73},[55,73787,425],{"class":77},[55,73789,2889],{"class":73},[55,73791,83],{"class":69},[55,73793,2884],{"class":73},[55,73795,416],{"class":77},[55,73797,2889],{"class":73},[55,73799,83],{"class":69},[55,73801,2884],{"class":73},[55,73803,407],{"class":77},[55,73805,2889],{"class":73},[55,73807,386],{"class":69},[14,73809,73810,73811,198],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[194,73812,73813],{"href":73130},"Python list slicing explained",[37,73815,73817],{"id":73816},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[14,73819,73820],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[45,73822,73824],{"className":47,"code":73823,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,73825,73826,73846,73860,73864,73875],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73827,73828,73830,73832,73834,73836,73838,73840,73842,73844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73829,243],{"class":61},[55,73831,66],{"class":65},[55,73833,3211],{"class":69},[55,73835,152],{"class":130},[55,73837,83],{"class":69},[55,73839,976],{"class":130},[55,73841,83],{"class":69},[55,73843,2036],{"class":130},[55,73845,386],{"class":69},[55,73847,73848,73850,73852,73854,73856,73858],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73849,55486],{"class":61},[55,73851,66],{"class":65},[55,73853,3852],{"class":61},[55,73855,198],{"class":69},[55,73857,73168],{"class":123},[55,73859,8239],{"class":69},[55,73861,73862],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73863,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,73865,73866,73868,73870,73873],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,73867,117],{"class":116},[55,73869,120],{"class":69},[55,73871,73872],{"class":123},"new_list",[55,73874,103],{"class":69},[55,73876,73877,73879,73881,73883],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,73878,117],{"class":116},[55,73880,120],{"class":69},[55,73882,275],{"class":123},[55,73884,103],{"class":69},[14,73886,314],{},[45,73888,73890],{"className":47,"code":73889,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[52,73891,73892,73896],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73893,73894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73895,11407],{"class":3443},[55,73897,73898,73900,73902,73904,73906,73908,73910],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73899,127],{"class":69},[55,73901,609],{"class":130},[55,73903,83],{"class":69},[55,73905,976],{"class":130},[55,73907,83],{"class":69},[55,73909,5090],{"class":130},[55,73911,386],{"class":69},[14,73913,11499],{},[21,73915,73916,73924,73928],{},[24,73917,73918,73920,73921,73923],{},[52,73919,73112],{}," changes ",[52,73922,275],{}," directly",[24,73925,40502,73926,71430],{},[3332,73927,4222],{},[24,73929,53249,73930,41752,73932],{},[52,73931,73872],{},[52,73933,3368],{},[14,73935,61494],{},[45,73937,73939],{"className":47,"code":73938,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,73940,73941,73961,73971,73975],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73942,73943,73945,73947,73949,73951,73953,73955,73957,73959],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73944,243],{"class":61},[55,73946,66],{"class":65},[55,73948,3211],{"class":69},[55,73950,152],{"class":130},[55,73952,83],{"class":69},[55,73954,976],{"class":130},[55,73956,83],{"class":69},[55,73958,2036],{"class":130},[55,73960,386],{"class":69},[55,73962,73963,73965,73967,73969],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,73964,275],{"class":61},[55,73966,198],{"class":69},[55,73968,73168],{"class":123},[55,73970,8239],{"class":69},[55,73972,73973],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,73974,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,73976,73977,73979,73981,73983],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,73978,117],{"class":116},[55,73980,120],{"class":69},[55,73982,275],{"class":123},[55,73984,103],{"class":69},[14,73986,314],{},[45,73988,73990],{"className":47,"code":73989,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[52,73991,73992],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,73993,73994,73996,73998,74000,74002,74004,74006],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,73995,127],{"class":69},[55,73997,609],{"class":130},[55,73999,83],{"class":69},[55,74001,976],{"class":130},[55,74003,83],{"class":69},[55,74005,5090],{"class":130},[55,74007,386],{"class":69},[37,74009,74011,10183,74013,74016],{"id":74010},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[52,74012,73112],{},[52,74014,74015],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[14,74018,74019],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[1425,74021,74022],{"id":73168},[52,74023,73112],{},[14,74025,74026,74028],{},[52,74027,73112],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[45,74030,74032],{"className":47,"code":74031,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,74033,74034,74054,74064],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74035,74036,74038,74040,74042,74044,74046,74048,74050,74052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74037,243],{"class":61},[55,74039,66],{"class":65},[55,74041,3211],{"class":69},[55,74043,609],{"class":130},[55,74045,83],{"class":69},[55,74047,5090],{"class":130},[55,74049,83],{"class":69},[55,74051,976],{"class":130},[55,74053,386],{"class":69},[55,74055,74056,74058,74060,74062],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74057,275],{"class":61},[55,74059,198],{"class":69},[55,74061,73168],{"class":123},[55,74063,8239],{"class":69},[55,74065,74066,74068,74070,74072],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,74067,117],{"class":116},[55,74069,120],{"class":69},[55,74071,275],{"class":123},[55,74073,103],{"class":69},[14,74075,314],{},[45,74077,74079],{"className":47,"code":74078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[52,74080,74081],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74082,74083,74085,74087,74089,74091,74093,74095],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74084,127],{"class":69},[55,74086,309],{"class":130},[55,74088,83],{"class":69},[55,74090,5090],{"class":130},[55,74092,83],{"class":69},[55,74094,2036],{"class":130},[55,74096,386],{"class":69},[14,74098,74099,74100,74102],{},"Notice that this is ",[3332,74101,4222],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[1425,74104,74106],{"id":74105},"sorted",[52,74107,74015],{},[14,74109,74110,74115],{},[194,74111,74113],{"href":74112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[52,74114,74015],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[45,74117,74119],{"className":47,"code":74118,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[52,74120,74121,74141,74156,74160,74170],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74122,74123,74125,74127,74129,74131,74133,74135,74137,74139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74124,243],{"class":61},[55,74126,66],{"class":65},[55,74128,3211],{"class":69},[55,74130,609],{"class":130},[55,74132,83],{"class":69},[55,74134,5090],{"class":130},[55,74136,83],{"class":69},[55,74138,976],{"class":130},[55,74140,386],{"class":69},[55,74142,74143,74145,74147,74150,74152,74154],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74144,1814],{"class":61},[55,74146,66],{"class":65},[55,74148,74149],{"class":116}," sorted",[55,74151,120],{"class":69},[55,74153,275],{"class":123},[55,74155,103],{"class":69},[55,74157,74158],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,74159,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,74161,74162,74164,74166,74168],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,74163,117],{"class":116},[55,74165,120],{"class":69},[55,74167,275],{"class":123},[55,74169,103],{"class":69},[55,74171,74172,74174,74176,74178],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,74173,117],{"class":116},[55,74175,120],{"class":69},[55,74177,1849],{"class":123},[55,74179,103],{"class":69},[14,74181,314],{},[45,74183,74185],{"className":47,"code":74184,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[52,74186,74187,74203],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74188,74189,74191,74193,74195,74197,74199,74201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74190,127],{"class":69},[55,74192,609],{"class":130},[55,74194,83],{"class":69},[55,74196,5090],{"class":130},[55,74198,83],{"class":69},[55,74200,976],{"class":130},[55,74202,386],{"class":69},[55,74204,74205,74207,74209,74211,74213,74215,74217],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74206,127],{"class":69},[55,74208,152],{"class":130},[55,74210,83],{"class":69},[55,74212,976],{"class":130},[55,74214,83],{"class":69},[55,74216,2036],{"class":130},[55,74218,386],{"class":69},[14,74220,74221,74222,198],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[52,74223,74224],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[1425,74226,74228],{"id":74227},"slicing","Slicing",[14,74230,74231,74232,74235],{},"Slicing with ",[52,74233,74234],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[45,74237,74239],{"className":47,"code":74238,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[52,74240,74241,74261,74277,74281,74291],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74242,74243,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74244,243],{"class":61},[55,74246,66],{"class":65},[55,74248,3211],{"class":69},[55,74250,609],{"class":130},[55,74252,83],{"class":69},[55,74254,5090],{"class":130},[55,74256,83],{"class":69},[55,74258,976],{"class":130},[55,74260,386],{"class":69},[55,74262,74263,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74264,1814],{"class":61},[55,74266,66],{"class":65},[55,74268,3852],{"class":61},[55,74270,73713],{"class":69},[55,74272,171],{"class":65},[55,74274,152],{"class":130},[55,74276,386],{"class":69},[55,74278,74279],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,74280,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,74282,74283,74285,74287,74289],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,74284,117],{"class":116},[55,74286,120],{"class":69},[55,74288,275],{"class":123},[55,74290,103],{"class":69},[55,74292,74293,74295,74297,74299],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,74294,117],{"class":116},[55,74296,120],{"class":69},[55,74298,1849],{"class":123},[55,74300,103],{"class":69},[14,74302,314],{},[45,74304,74306],{"className":47,"code":74305,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[52,74307,74308,74324],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74309,74310,74312,74314,74316,74318,74320,74322],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74311,127],{"class":69},[55,74313,609],{"class":130},[55,74315,83],{"class":69},[55,74317,5090],{"class":130},[55,74319,83],{"class":69},[55,74321,976],{"class":130},[55,74323,386],{"class":69},[55,74325,74326,74328,74330,74332,74334,74336,74338],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74327,127],{"class":69},[55,74329,309],{"class":130},[55,74331,83],{"class":69},[55,74333,5090],{"class":130},[55,74335,83],{"class":69},[55,74337,2036],{"class":130},[55,74339,386],{"class":69},[1425,74341,74343],{"id":74342},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[21,74345,74346,74351,74356],{},[24,74347,1440,74348,74350],{},[52,74349,73112],{}," when you want to change the original list",[24,74352,1440,74353,74355],{},[52,74354,74234],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[24,74357,1440,74358,74360],{},[52,74359,74015],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[14,74362,74363,74364,74370],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[194,74365,74367,74368,10339],{"href":74366},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[52,74369,63907],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[37,74372,4553,74374],{"id":74373},"when-to-use-reverse",[52,74375,73112],{},[14,74377,74378,74380],{},[52,74379,73112],{}," is a good choice:",[21,74382,74383,74386,74389],{},[24,74384,74385],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[24,74387,74388],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[24,74390,74391],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[14,74393,74394,74395,198],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[194,74396,74398],{"href":74397},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[37,74400,1298],{"id":1297},[14,74402,74403,74404,74406],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[52,74405,73112],{}," for these reasons:",[21,74408,74409,74413,74418,74423],{},[24,74410,12194,74411,12197],{},[52,74412,73112],{},[24,74414,8048,74415,74417],{},[52,74416,73112],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[24,74419,8012,74420,74422],{},[52,74421,73112],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[24,74424,36800,74425,8301,74427],{},[52,74426,73112],{},[52,74428,74429],{},"reversed()",[14,74431,74432],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[45,74434,74436],{"className":47,"code":74435,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[52,74437,74438,74450],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74439,74440,74442,74444,74446,74448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74441,34287],{"class":61},[55,74443,66],{"class":65},[55,74445,86],{"class":73},[55,74447,3436],{"class":77},[55,74449,1288],{"class":73},[55,74451,74452,74454,74456,74458],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74453,34308],{"class":61},[55,74455,198],{"class":69},[55,74457,73168],{"class":123},[55,74459,8239],{"class":69},[14,74461,74462,74463,33200],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[52,74464,73112],{},[14,74466,74467],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[45,74469,74471],{"className":47,"code":74470,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[52,74472,74473,74493,74497,74507,74521,74525,74539,74549,74553],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74474,74475,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489,74491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74476,7903],{"class":61},[55,74478,66],{"class":65},[55,74480,3211],{"class":69},[55,74482,152],{"class":130},[55,74484,83],{"class":69},[55,74486,976],{"class":130},[55,74488,83],{"class":69},[55,74490,2036],{"class":130},[55,74492,386],{"class":69},[55,74494,74495],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74496,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,74498,74499,74501,74503,74505],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,74500,117],{"class":116},[55,74502,120],{"class":69},[55,74504,7934],{"class":123},[55,74506,103],{"class":69},[55,74508,74509,74511,74513,74515,74517,74519],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,74510,117],{"class":116},[55,74512,120],{"class":69},[55,74514,1396],{"class":850},[55,74516,120],{"class":69},[55,74518,7934],{"class":123},[55,74520,1357],{"class":69},[55,74522,74523],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,74524,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,74526,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535,74537],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,74528,1814],{"class":61},[55,74530,66],{"class":65},[55,74532,7990],{"class":61},[55,74534,198],{"class":69},[55,74536,73168],{"class":123},[55,74538,8239],{"class":69},[55,74540,74541,74543,74545,74547],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,74542,117],{"class":116},[55,74544,120],{"class":69},[55,74546,1849],{"class":123},[55,74548,103],{"class":69},[55,74550,74551],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,74552,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,74554,74555,74557,74559,74561,74563,74565,74567],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,74556,117],{"class":116},[55,74558,120],{"class":69},[55,74560,7934],{"class":123},[55,74562,73713],{"class":69},[55,74564,171],{"class":65},[55,74566,152],{"class":130},[55,74568,282],{"class":69},[14,74570,314],{},[45,74572,74574],{"className":47,"code":74573,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[52,74575,74576,74592,74606,74610],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74577,74578,74580,74582,74584,74586,74588,74590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74579,127],{"class":69},[55,74581,152],{"class":130},[55,74583,83],{"class":69},[55,74585,976],{"class":130},[55,74587,83],{"class":69},[55,74589,2036],{"class":130},[55,74591,386],{"class":69},[55,74593,74594,74596,74598,74600,74602,74604],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74595,2878],{"class":65},[55,74597,2881],{"class":1648},[55,74599,2884],{"class":73},[55,74601,7688],{"class":77},[55,74603,2889],{"class":73},[55,74605,2892],{"class":65},[55,74607,74608],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,74609,11407],{"class":3443},[55,74611,74612,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622,74624],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,74613,127],{"class":69},[55,74615,152],{"class":130},[55,74617,83],{"class":69},[55,74619,976],{"class":130},[55,74621,83],{"class":69},[55,74623,5090],{"class":130},[55,74625,386],{"class":69},[14,74627,74628],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[45,74630,74632],{"className":47,"code":74631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[52,74633,74634,74654,74658,74668,74682,74686,74700,74710,74720],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74635,74636,74638,74640,74642,74644,74646,74648,74650,74652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74637,7903],{"class":61},[55,74639,66],{"class":65},[55,74641,3211],{"class":69},[55,74643,152],{"class":130},[55,74645,83],{"class":69},[55,74647,976],{"class":130},[55,74649,83],{"class":69},[55,74651,2036],{"class":130},[55,74653,386],{"class":69},[55,74655,74656],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74657,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,74659,74660,74662,74664,74666],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,74661,117],{"class":116},[55,74663,120],{"class":69},[55,74665,7934],{"class":123},[55,74667,103],{"class":69},[55,74669,74670,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,74671,117],{"class":116},[55,74673,120],{"class":69},[55,74675,1396],{"class":850},[55,74677,120],{"class":69},[55,74679,7934],{"class":123},[55,74681,1357],{"class":69},[55,74683,74684],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,74685,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,74687,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,74689,1814],{"class":61},[55,74691,66],{"class":65},[55,74693,7990],{"class":61},[55,74695,198],{"class":69},[55,74697,73168],{"class":123},[55,74699,8239],{"class":69},[55,74701,74702,74704,74706,74708],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,74703,117],{"class":116},[55,74705,120],{"class":69},[55,74707,1849],{"class":123},[55,74709,103],{"class":69},[55,74711,74712,74714,74716,74718],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,74713,117],{"class":116},[55,74715,120],{"class":69},[55,74717,7934],{"class":123},[55,74719,103],{"class":69},[55,74721,74722,74724,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,74723,117],{"class":116},[55,74725,120],{"class":69},[55,74727,7934],{"class":123},[55,74729,73713],{"class":69},[55,74731,171],{"class":65},[55,74733,152],{"class":130},[55,74735,282],{"class":69},[14,74737,314],{},[45,74739,74741],{"className":47,"code":74740,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[52,74742,74743,74759,74773,74777,74793],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74744,74745,74747,74749,74751,74753,74755,74757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74746,127],{"class":69},[55,74748,152],{"class":130},[55,74750,83],{"class":69},[55,74752,976],{"class":130},[55,74754,83],{"class":69},[55,74756,2036],{"class":130},[55,74758,386],{"class":69},[55,74760,74761,74763,74765,74767,74769,74771],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,74762,2878],{"class":65},[55,74764,2881],{"class":1648},[55,74766,2884],{"class":73},[55,74768,7688],{"class":77},[55,74770,2889],{"class":73},[55,74772,2892],{"class":65},[55,74774,74775],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,74776,11407],{"class":3443},[55,74778,74779,74781,74783,74785,74787,74789,74791],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,74780,127],{"class":69},[55,74782,609],{"class":130},[55,74784,83],{"class":69},[55,74786,976],{"class":130},[55,74788,83],{"class":69},[55,74790,5090],{"class":130},[55,74792,386],{"class":69},[55,74794,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805,74807],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,74796,127],{"class":69},[55,74798,152],{"class":130},[55,74800,83],{"class":69},[55,74802,976],{"class":130},[55,74804,83],{"class":69},[55,74806,2036],{"class":130},[55,74808,386],{"class":69},[14,74810,74811],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[21,74813,74814,74823,74832],{},[24,74815,27392,74816,74819,74820],{},[52,74817,74818],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[52,74821,74822],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[24,74824,11515,74825,74828,74829,22156],{},[52,74826,74827],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3332,74830,74831],{},"current",[24,74833,74834,74835],{},"So it prints ",[52,74836,74837],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[37,74839,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,74841,12304,74843,55065],{"id":74842},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[52,74844,73117],{},[14,74846,62198,74847,198],{},[52,74848,3368],{},[1425,74850,33805,74852,33808,74854,2078],{"id":74851},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[52,74853,73112],{},[52,74855,74856],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[14,74858,74859,74861],{},[52,74860,73112],{}," only flips the current order.",[14,74863,74864,74866],{},[52,74865,74856],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[1425,74868,27925,74870,74872],{"id":74869},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[52,74871,73112],{}," on a tuple or string?",[14,74874,45963,74875,74877],{},[52,74876,73112],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[1425,74879,74881],{"id":74880},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[14,74883,74884],{},"Use slicing:",[45,74886,74888],{"className":47,"code":74887,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list[::-1]\n",[52,74889,74890],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74891,74892,74894,74896,74898,74900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74893,7934],{"class":61},[55,74895,73713],{"class":69},[55,74897,171],{"class":65},[55,74899,152],{"class":130},[55,74901,386],{"class":69},[14,74903,74904],{},"Or use:",[45,74906,74908],{"className":47,"code":74907,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[52,74909,74910],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,74911,74912,74914,74916,74919,74921,74923],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,74913,7688],{"class":850},[55,74915,120],{"class":69},[55,74917,74918],{"class":116},"reversed",[55,74920,120],{"class":69},[55,74922,7934],{"class":123},[55,74924,1357],{"class":69},[14,74926,74927,74928,74932],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[194,74929,55116,74930],{"href":54556},[52,74931,12377],{}," can also help.",[37,74934,1495],{"id":1494},[21,74936,74937,74943,74949,74953,74957],{},[24,74938,74939],{},[194,74940,55116,74941,10339],{"href":74366},[52,74942,63907],{},[24,74944,74945],{},[194,74946,3165,74947,3098],{"href":74112},[52,74948,74015],{},[24,74950,74951],{},[194,74952,74398],{"href":74397},[24,74954,74955],{},[194,74956,73813],{"href":73130},[24,74958,74959],{},[194,74960,55116,74961,10339],{"href":54556},[52,74962,12377],{},[1524,74964,74965],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":74967},[74968,74969,74971,74972,74973,74975,74976,74983,74985,74986,74995],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":73191,"depth":106,"text":74970},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":73550,"depth":106,"text":74974},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73816,"depth":106,"text":73817},{"id":74010,"depth":106,"text":74977,"children":74978},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74979,74980,74981,74982],{"id":73168,"depth":113,"text":73112},{"id":74105,"depth":113,"text":74015},{"id":74227,"depth":113,"text":74228},{"id":74342,"depth":113,"text":74343},{"id":74373,"depth":106,"text":74984},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":74987},[74988,74990,74992,74994],{"id":74842,"depth":113,"text":74989},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74851,"depth":113,"text":74991},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74869,"depth":113,"text":74993},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74880,"depth":113,"text":74881},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73104,"description":74996},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75003,"title":75004,"body":75005,"description":77437,"extension":1546,"meta":77438,"navigation":109,"path":77439,"seo":77440,"stem":77441,"__hash__":77442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75006,"toc":77405},[75007,75010,75022,75025,75048,75056,75058,75170,75179,75183,75186,75189,75276,75278,75311,75313,75336,75342,75346,75349,75371,75373,75390,75393,75413,75415,75525,75527,75604,75608,75611,75654,75656,75789,75791,75893,75898,75902,75905,75907,75921,75924,76038,76040,76114,76116,76144,76148,76153,76183,76186,76312,76314,76396,76402,76406,76408,76447,76456,76460,76463,76466,76513,76515,76523,76527,76578,76580,76593,76595,76609,76612,76620,76622,76669,76671,76679,76682,76725,76730,76733,76736,76759,76763,76814,76817,76838,76848,76852,76854,76884,76887,76910,76914,76917,76984,76986,77023,77026,77034,77101,77103,77140,77146,77153,77157,77160,77190,77195,77199,77202,77226,77229,77323,77333,77335,77339,77342,77346,77349,77354,77357,77363,77366,77368,77396,77402],[10,75008,75004],{"id":75009},"python-list-slicing-explained",[14,75011,75012,75013,1773,75015,16670,75018,75021],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[52,75014,35671],{},[52,75016,75017],{},"stop",[52,75019,75020],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[14,75023,75024],{},"The basic slice form is:",[45,75026,75028],{"className":47,"code":75027,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[52,75029,75030],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75031,75032,75034,75036,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75033,7934],{"class":61},[55,75035,127],{"class":69},[55,75037,35671],{"class":61},[55,75039,854],{"class":69},[55,75041,75017],{"class":61},[55,75043,854],{"class":69},[55,75045,75020],{"class":61},[55,75047,386],{"class":69},[14,75049,75050,75051,75053,75054,198],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[52,75052,75017],{}," position is ",[3332,75055,64665],{},[37,75057,1588],{"id":1587},[45,75059,75061],{"className":47,"code":75060,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[52,75062,75063,75091,75095,75116,75134,75151],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75064,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073,75075,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087,75089],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75066,243],{"class":61},[55,75068,66],{"class":65},[55,75070,3211],{"class":69},[55,75072,250],{"class":130},[55,75074,83],{"class":69},[55,75076,255],{"class":130},[55,75078,83],{"class":69},[55,75080,260],{"class":130},[55,75082,83],{"class":69},[55,75084,1051],{"class":130},[55,75086,83],{"class":69},[55,75088,4671],{"class":130},[55,75090,386],{"class":69},[55,75092,75093],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,75094,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,75096,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107,75109,75111,75113],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,75098,117],{"class":116},[55,75100,120],{"class":69},[55,75102,275],{"class":123},[55,75104,127],{"class":69},[55,75106,152],{"class":130},[55,75108,854],{"class":69},[55,75110,2091],{"class":130},[55,75112,134],{"class":69},[55,75114,75115],{"class":137},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[55,75117,75118,75120,75122,75124,75127,75129,75131],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,75119,117],{"class":116},[55,75121,120],{"class":69},[55,75123,275],{"class":123},[55,75125,75126],{"class":69},"[:",[55,75128,609],{"class":130},[55,75130,134],{"class":69},[55,75132,75133],{"class":137},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[55,75135,75136,75138,75140,75142,75144,75146,75148],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,75137,117],{"class":116},[55,75139,120],{"class":69},[55,75141,275],{"class":123},[55,75143,73713],{"class":69},[55,75145,309],{"class":130},[55,75147,134],{"class":69},[55,75149,75150],{"class":137},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[55,75152,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163,75165,75167],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,75154,117],{"class":116},[55,75156,120],{"class":69},[55,75158,275],{"class":123},[55,75160,73713],{"class":69},[55,75162,171],{"class":65},[55,75164,152],{"class":130},[55,75166,134],{"class":69},[55,75168,75169],{"class":137},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[14,75171,1440,75172,75175,75176,75178],{},[52,75173,75174],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[52,75177,75017],{}," value is not included.",[37,75180,75182],{"id":75181},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[14,75184,75185],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[14,75187,75188],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[45,75190,75192],{"className":47,"code":75191,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[52,75193,75194,75242,75246,75265],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75195,75196,75198,75200,75202,75204,75206,75208,75210,75212,75214,75216,75218,75220,75222,75224,75226,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75197,769],{"class":61},[55,75199,66],{"class":65},[55,75201,3211],{"class":69},[55,75203,74],{"class":73},[55,75205,194],{"class":77},[55,75207,74],{"class":73},[55,75209,83],{"class":69},[55,75211,86],{"class":73},[55,75213,786],{"class":77},[55,75215,74],{"class":73},[55,75217,83],{"class":69},[55,75219,86],{"class":73},[55,75221,795],{"class":77},[55,75223,74],{"class":73},[55,75225,83],{"class":69},[55,75227,86],{"class":73},[55,75229,18365],{"class":77},[55,75231,74],{"class":73},[55,75233,83],{"class":69},[55,75235,86],{"class":73},[55,75237,60044],{"class":77},[55,75239,74],{"class":73},[55,75241,386],{"class":69},[55,75243,75244],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,75245,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,75247,75248,75251,75253,75255,75257,75259,75261,75263],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,75249,75250],{"class":61},"part ",[55,75252,66],{"class":65},[55,75254,69690],{"class":61},[55,75256,127],{"class":69},[55,75258,152],{"class":130},[55,75260,854],{"class":69},[55,75262,2091],{"class":130},[55,75264,386],{"class":69},[55,75266,75267,75269,75271,75274],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,75268,117],{"class":116},[55,75270,120],{"class":69},[55,75272,75273],{"class":123},"part",[55,75275,103],{"class":69},[14,75277,314],{},[45,75279,75281],{"className":47,"code":75280,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[52,75282,75283],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75284,75285,75287,75289,75291,75293,75295,75297,75299,75301,75303,75305,75307,75309],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75286,127],{"class":69},[55,75288,2889],{"class":73},[55,75290,786],{"class":77},[55,75292,2889],{"class":73},[55,75294,83],{"class":69},[55,75296,2884],{"class":73},[55,75298,795],{"class":77},[55,75300,2889],{"class":73},[55,75302,83],{"class":69},[55,75304,2884],{"class":73},[55,75306,18365],{"class":77},[55,75308,2889],{"class":73},[55,75310,386],{"class":69},[14,75312,12652],{},[21,75314,75315,75318,75321,75327,75333],{},[24,75316,75317],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[24,75319,75320],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[24,75322,75323,75324],{},"Basic form: ",[52,75325,75326],{},"list[start:stop]",[24,75328,75329,75330,75332],{},"The item at ",[52,75331,75017],{}," is not included",[24,75334,75335],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[14,75337,75338,75339,198],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[194,75340,75341],{"href":50575},"beginner guide to Python lists",[37,75343,75345],{"id":75344},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[14,75347,75348],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[45,75350,75351],{"className":47,"code":75027,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,75352,75353],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75354,75355,75357,75359,75361,75363,75365,75367,75369],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75356,7934],{"class":61},[55,75358,127],{"class":69},[55,75360,35671],{"class":61},[55,75362,854],{"class":69},[55,75364,75017],{"class":61},[55,75366,854],{"class":69},[55,75368,75020],{"class":61},[55,75370,386],{"class":69},[14,75372,64641],{},[21,75374,75375,75380,75385],{},[24,75376,75377,75379],{},[52,75378,35671],{}," is where slicing begins",[24,75381,75382,75384],{},[52,75383,75017],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[24,75386,75387,75389],{},[52,75388,75020],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[14,75391,75392],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[21,75394,75395,75401,75406],{},[24,75396,75397,75398,75400],{},"Missing ",[52,75399,35671],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[24,75402,75397,75403,75405],{},[52,75404,75017],{}," means go to the end of the list",[24,75407,75397,75408,75410,75411],{},[52,75409,75020],{}," means use ",[52,75412,152],{},[14,75414,233],{},[45,75416,75418],{"className":47,"code":75417,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[52,75419,75420,75448,75452,75473,75490,75508],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75421,75422,75424,75426,75428,75430,75432,75434,75436,75438,75440,75442,75444,75446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75423,243],{"class":61},[55,75425,66],{"class":65},[55,75427,3211],{"class":69},[55,75429,250],{"class":130},[55,75431,83],{"class":69},[55,75433,255],{"class":130},[55,75435,83],{"class":69},[55,75437,260],{"class":130},[55,75439,83],{"class":69},[55,75441,1051],{"class":130},[55,75443,83],{"class":69},[55,75445,4671],{"class":130},[55,75447,386],{"class":69},[55,75449,75450],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,75451,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,75453,75454,75456,75458,75460,75462,75464,75466,75468,75470],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,75455,117],{"class":116},[55,75457,120],{"class":69},[55,75459,275],{"class":123},[55,75461,127],{"class":69},[55,75463,152],{"class":130},[55,75465,854],{"class":69},[55,75467,2091],{"class":130},[55,75469,134],{"class":69},[55,75471,75472],{"class":137},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[55,75474,75475,75477,75479,75481,75483,75485,75487],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,75476,117],{"class":116},[55,75478,120],{"class":69},[55,75480,275],{"class":123},[55,75482,75126],{"class":69},[55,75484,609],{"class":130},[55,75486,134],{"class":69},[55,75488,75489],{"class":137},"    # start from the beginning\n",[55,75491,75492,75494,75496,75498,75500,75502,75505],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,75493,117],{"class":116},[55,75495,120],{"class":69},[55,75497,275],{"class":123},[55,75499,127],{"class":69},[55,75501,309],{"class":130},[55,75503,75504],{"class":69},":])",[55,75506,75507],{"class":137},"    # go to the end\n",[55,75509,75510,75512,75514,75516,75518,75520,75522],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,75511,117],{"class":116},[55,75513,120],{"class":69},[55,75515,275],{"class":123},[55,75517,73713],{"class":69},[55,75519,152],{"class":130},[55,75521,134],{"class":69},[55,75523,75524],{"class":137},"   # step of 1\n",[14,75526,314],{},[45,75528,75530],{"className":47,"code":75529,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[52,75531,75532,75548,75564,75580],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75533,75534,75536,75538,75540,75542,75544,75546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75535,127],{"class":69},[55,75537,1149],{"class":130},[55,75539,83],{"class":69},[55,75541,260],{"class":130},[55,75543,83],{"class":69},[55,75545,1051],{"class":130},[55,75547,386],{"class":69},[55,75549,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,75551,127],{"class":69},[55,75553,250],{"class":130},[55,75555,83],{"class":69},[55,75557,255],{"class":130},[55,75559,83],{"class":69},[55,75561,260],{"class":130},[55,75563,386],{"class":69},[55,75565,75566,75568,75570,75572,75574,75576,75578],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,75567,127],{"class":69},[55,75569,36437],{"class":130},[55,75571,83],{"class":69},[55,75573,1051],{"class":130},[55,75575,83],{"class":69},[55,75577,4671],{"class":130},[55,75579,386],{"class":69},[55,75581,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596,75598,75600,75602],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,75583,127],{"class":69},[55,75585,250],{"class":130},[55,75587,83],{"class":69},[55,75589,255],{"class":130},[55,75591,83],{"class":69},[55,75593,260],{"class":130},[55,75595,83],{"class":69},[55,75597,1051],{"class":130},[55,75599,83],{"class":69},[55,75601,4671],{"class":130},[55,75603,386],{"class":69},[37,75605,75607],{"id":75606},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[14,75609,75610],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[21,75612,75613,75622,75631,75642,75648],{},[24,75614,75615,75618,75619,5559],{},[52,75616,75617],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[52,75620,75621],{},"n",[24,75623,75624,75627,75628,75630],{},[52,75625,75626],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[52,75629,75621],{}," to the end",[24,75632,75633,75636,75637,75639,75640],{},[52,75634,75635],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[52,75638,194],{}," up to ",[52,75641,786],{},[24,75643,75644,75647],{},[52,75645,75646],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[24,75649,75650,75653],{},[52,75651,75652],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[14,75655,233],{},[45,75657,75659],{"className":47,"code":75658,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[52,75660,75661,75694,75698,75715,75732,75753,75770],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75662,75663,75665,75667,75669,75671,75673,75675,75677,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75664,243],{"class":61},[55,75666,66],{"class":65},[55,75668,3211],{"class":69},[55,75670,250],{"class":130},[55,75672,83],{"class":69},[55,75674,255],{"class":130},[55,75676,83],{"class":69},[55,75678,260],{"class":130},[55,75680,83],{"class":69},[55,75682,1051],{"class":130},[55,75684,83],{"class":69},[55,75686,4671],{"class":130},[55,75688,83],{"class":69},[55,75690,75691],{"class":130}," 60",[55,75693,386],{"class":69},[55,75695,75696],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,75697,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,75699,75700,75702,75704,75706,75708,75710,75712],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,75701,117],{"class":116},[55,75703,120],{"class":69},[55,75705,275],{"class":123},[55,75707,75126],{"class":69},[55,75709,609],{"class":130},[55,75711,134],{"class":69},[55,75713,75714],{"class":137},"    # first 3 items\n",[55,75716,75717,75719,75721,75723,75725,75727,75729],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,75718,117],{"class":116},[55,75720,120],{"class":69},[55,75722,275],{"class":123},[55,75724,127],{"class":69},[55,75726,609],{"class":130},[55,75728,75504],{"class":69},[55,75730,75731],{"class":137},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[55,75733,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746,75748,75750],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,75735,117],{"class":116},[55,75737,120],{"class":69},[55,75739,275],{"class":123},[55,75741,127],{"class":69},[55,75743,152],{"class":130},[55,75745,854],{"class":69},[55,75747,817],{"class":130},[55,75749,134],{"class":69},[55,75751,75752],{"class":137},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[55,75754,75755,75757,75759,75761,75763,75765,75767],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,75756,117],{"class":116},[55,75758,120],{"class":69},[55,75760,275],{"class":123},[55,75762,73713],{"class":69},[55,75764,309],{"class":130},[55,75766,134],{"class":69},[55,75768,75769],{"class":137},"   # every second item\n",[55,75771,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,75773,117],{"class":116},[55,75775,120],{"class":69},[55,75777,275],{"class":123},[55,75779,73713],{"class":69},[55,75781,171],{"class":65},[55,75783,152],{"class":130},[55,75785,134],{"class":69},[55,75787,75788],{"class":137},"  # reversed copy\n",[14,75790,314],{},[45,75792,75794],{"className":47,"code":75793,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[52,75795,75796,75812,75828,75848,75864],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75797,75798,75800,75802,75804,75806,75808,75810],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75799,127],{"class":69},[55,75801,250],{"class":130},[55,75803,83],{"class":69},[55,75805,255],{"class":130},[55,75807,83],{"class":69},[55,75809,260],{"class":130},[55,75811,386],{"class":69},[55,75813,75814,75816,75818,75820,75822,75824,75826],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,75815,127],{"class":69},[55,75817,56289],{"class":130},[55,75819,83],{"class":69},[55,75821,4671],{"class":130},[55,75823,83],{"class":69},[55,75825,75691],{"class":130},[55,75827,386],{"class":69},[55,75829,75830,75832,75834,75836,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,75831,127],{"class":69},[55,75833,1149],{"class":130},[55,75835,83],{"class":69},[55,75837,260],{"class":130},[55,75839,83],{"class":69},[55,75841,1051],{"class":130},[55,75843,83],{"class":69},[55,75845,4671],{"class":130},[55,75847,386],{"class":69},[55,75849,75850,75852,75854,75856,75858,75860,75862],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,75851,127],{"class":69},[55,75853,250],{"class":130},[55,75855,83],{"class":69},[55,75857,260],{"class":130},[55,75859,83],{"class":69},[55,75861,4671],{"class":130},[55,75863,386],{"class":69},[55,75865,75866,75868,75871,75873,75875,75877,75879,75881,75883,75885,75887,75889,75891],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,75867,127],{"class":69},[55,75869,75870],{"class":130},"60",[55,75872,83],{"class":69},[55,75874,4671],{"class":130},[55,75876,83],{"class":69},[55,75878,1051],{"class":130},[55,75880,83],{"class":69},[55,75882,260],{"class":130},[55,75884,83],{"class":69},[55,75886,255],{"class":130},[55,75888,83],{"class":69},[55,75890,5598],{"class":130},[55,75892,386],{"class":69},[14,75894,75895,75896,198],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[194,75897,14485],{"href":56816},[37,75899,75901],{"id":75900},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[14,75903,75904],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[14,75906,5064],{},[21,75908,75909,75915],{},[24,75910,75911,75914],{},[52,75912,75913],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[24,75916,75917,75920],{},[52,75918,75919],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[14,75922,75923],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[45,75925,75927],{"className":47,"code":75926,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[52,75928,75929,75977,75981,76000,76019],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,75930,75931,75933,75935,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953,75955,75957,75959,75961,75963,75965,75967,75969,75971,75973,75975],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,75932,769],{"class":61},[55,75934,66],{"class":65},[55,75936,3211],{"class":69},[55,75938,74],{"class":73},[55,75940,194],{"class":77},[55,75942,74],{"class":73},[55,75944,83],{"class":69},[55,75946,86],{"class":73},[55,75948,786],{"class":77},[55,75950,74],{"class":73},[55,75952,83],{"class":69},[55,75954,86],{"class":73},[55,75956,795],{"class":77},[55,75958,74],{"class":73},[55,75960,83],{"class":69},[55,75962,86],{"class":73},[55,75964,18365],{"class":77},[55,75966,74],{"class":73},[55,75968,83],{"class":69},[55,75970,86],{"class":73},[55,75972,60044],{"class":77},[55,75974,74],{"class":73},[55,75976,386],{"class":69},[55,75978,75979],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,75980,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,75982,75983,75985,75987,75989,75991,75993,75995,75997],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,75984,117],{"class":116},[55,75986,120],{"class":69},[55,75988,812],{"class":123},[55,75990,127],{"class":69},[55,75992,171],{"class":65},[55,75994,152],{"class":130},[55,75996,134],{"class":69},[55,75998,75999],{"class":137},"    # last item\n",[55,76001,76002,76004,76006,76008,76010,76012,76014,76016],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,76003,117],{"class":116},[55,76005,120],{"class":69},[55,76007,812],{"class":123},[55,76009,127],{"class":69},[55,76011,171],{"class":65},[55,76013,609],{"class":130},[55,76015,75504],{"class":69},[55,76017,76018],{"class":137},"   # last 3 items\n",[55,76020,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029,76031,76033,76035],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,76022,117],{"class":116},[55,76024,120],{"class":69},[55,76026,812],{"class":123},[55,76028,75126],{"class":69},[55,76030,171],{"class":65},[55,76032,152],{"class":130},[55,76034,134],{"class":69},[55,76036,76037],{"class":137},"   # everything except the last item\n",[14,76039,314],{},[45,76041,76043],{"className":47,"code":76042,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[52,76044,76045,76050,76078],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76046,76047],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76048,76049],{"class":61},"e\n",[55,76051,76052,76054,76056,76058,76060,76062,76064,76066,76068,76070,76072,76074,76076],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76053,127],{"class":69},[55,76055,2889],{"class":73},[55,76057,795],{"class":77},[55,76059,2889],{"class":73},[55,76061,83],{"class":69},[55,76063,2884],{"class":73},[55,76065,18365],{"class":77},[55,76067,2889],{"class":73},[55,76069,83],{"class":69},[55,76071,2884],{"class":73},[55,76073,60044],{"class":77},[55,76075,2889],{"class":73},[55,76077,386],{"class":69},[55,76079,76080,76082,76084,76086,76088,76090,76092,76094,76096,76098,76100,76102,76104,76106,76108,76110,76112],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76081,127],{"class":69},[55,76083,2889],{"class":73},[55,76085,194],{"class":77},[55,76087,2889],{"class":73},[55,76089,83],{"class":69},[55,76091,2884],{"class":73},[55,76093,786],{"class":77},[55,76095,2889],{"class":73},[55,76097,83],{"class":69},[55,76099,2884],{"class":73},[55,76101,795],{"class":77},[55,76103,2889],{"class":73},[55,76105,83],{"class":69},[55,76107,2884],{"class":73},[55,76109,18365],{"class":77},[55,76111,2889],{"class":73},[55,76113,386],{"class":69},[14,76115,12652],{},[21,76117,76118,76121,76125,76131,76137],{},[24,76119,76120],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[24,76122,76123,75914],{},[52,76124,75913],{},[24,76126,76127,76130],{},[52,76128,76129],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[24,76132,76133,76136],{},[52,76134,76135],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[24,76138,76139,76140,3983,76142],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[52,76141,35671],{},[52,76143,75017],{},[37,76145,76147],{"id":76146},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[14,76149,1563,76150,76152],{},[52,76151,75020],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[21,76154,76155,76158,76161,76166,76176],{},[24,76156,76157],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[24,76159,76160],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[24,76162,76163,76165],{},[52,76164,75652],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[24,76167,8472,76168,76170,76171,76173,76174],{},[52,76169,75020],{}," is negative, ",[52,76172,35671],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[52,76175,75017],{},[24,76177,76178,76180,76181],{},[52,76179,75020],{}," cannot be ",[52,76182,131],{},[14,76184,76185],{},"Example with different step values:",[45,76187,76189],{"className":47,"code":76188,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[52,76190,76191,76223,76227,76244,76266,76285],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76192,76193,76195,76197,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211,76213,76215,76217,76219,76221],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76194,243],{"class":61},[55,76196,66],{"class":65},[55,76198,3211],{"class":69},[55,76200,250],{"class":130},[55,76202,83],{"class":69},[55,76204,255],{"class":130},[55,76206,83],{"class":69},[55,76208,260],{"class":130},[55,76210,83],{"class":69},[55,76212,1051],{"class":130},[55,76214,83],{"class":69},[55,76216,4671],{"class":130},[55,76218,83],{"class":69},[55,76220,75691],{"class":130},[55,76222,386],{"class":69},[55,76224,76225],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76226,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,76228,76229,76231,76233,76235,76237,76239,76241],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76230,117],{"class":116},[55,76232,120],{"class":69},[55,76234,275],{"class":123},[55,76236,73713],{"class":69},[55,76238,309],{"class":130},[55,76240,134],{"class":69},[55,76242,76243],{"class":137},"     # every second item\n",[55,76245,76246,76248,76250,76252,76254,76256,76259,76261,76263],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,76247,117],{"class":116},[55,76249,120],{"class":69},[55,76251,275],{"class":123},[55,76253,127],{"class":69},[55,76255,152],{"class":130},[55,76257,76258],{"class":69},"::",[55,76260,309],{"class":130},[55,76262,134],{"class":69},[55,76264,76265],{"class":137},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[55,76267,76268,76270,76272,76274,76276,76278,76280,76282],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,76269,117],{"class":116},[55,76271,120],{"class":69},[55,76273,275],{"class":123},[55,76275,73713],{"class":69},[55,76277,171],{"class":65},[55,76279,152],{"class":130},[55,76281,134],{"class":69},[55,76283,76284],{"class":137},"    # reverse the list\n",[55,76286,76287,76289,76291,76293,76295,76297,76299,76301,76303,76305,76307,76309],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,76288,117],{"class":116},[55,76290,120],{"class":69},[55,76292,275],{"class":123},[55,76294,127],{"class":69},[55,76296,2091],{"class":130},[55,76298,854],{"class":69},[55,76300,152],{"class":130},[55,76302,854],{"class":69},[55,76304,171],{"class":65},[55,76306,152],{"class":130},[55,76308,134],{"class":69},[55,76310,76311],{"class":137},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[14,76313,314],{},[45,76315,76317],{"className":47,"code":76316,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[52,76318,76319,76335,76351,76379],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76320,76321,76323,76325,76327,76329,76331,76333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76322,127],{"class":69},[55,76324,250],{"class":130},[55,76326,83],{"class":69},[55,76328,260],{"class":130},[55,76330,83],{"class":69},[55,76332,4671],{"class":130},[55,76334,386],{"class":69},[55,76336,76337,76339,76341,76343,76345,76347,76349],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76338,127],{"class":69},[55,76340,1149],{"class":130},[55,76342,83],{"class":69},[55,76344,1051],{"class":130},[55,76346,83],{"class":69},[55,76348,75691],{"class":130},[55,76350,386],{"class":69},[55,76352,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373,76375,76377],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76354,127],{"class":69},[55,76356,75870],{"class":130},[55,76358,83],{"class":69},[55,76360,4671],{"class":130},[55,76362,83],{"class":69},[55,76364,1051],{"class":130},[55,76366,83],{"class":69},[55,76368,260],{"class":130},[55,76370,83],{"class":69},[55,76372,255],{"class":130},[55,76374,83],{"class":69},[55,76376,5598],{"class":130},[55,76378,386],{"class":69},[55,76380,76381,76383,76386,76388,76390,76392,76394],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,76382,127],{"class":69},[55,76384,76385],{"class":130},"50",[55,76387,83],{"class":69},[55,76389,1051],{"class":130},[55,76391,83],{"class":69},[55,76393,260],{"class":130},[55,76395,386],{"class":69},[14,76397,76398,76399,198],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[194,76400,76401],{"href":74397},"how to reverse a list in Python",[1425,76403,76405],{"id":76404},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[14,76407,2423],{},[45,76409,76411],{"className":47,"code":76410,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[52,76412,76413,76433],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76414,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76416,243],{"class":61},[55,76418,66],{"class":65},[55,76420,3211],{"class":69},[55,76422,152],{"class":130},[55,76424,83],{"class":69},[55,76426,976],{"class":130},[55,76428,83],{"class":69},[55,76430,2036],{"class":130},[55,76432,386],{"class":69},[55,76434,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76436,117],{"class":116},[55,76438,120],{"class":69},[55,76440,275],{"class":123},[55,76442,73713],{"class":69},[55,76444,131],{"class":130},[55,76446,282],{"class":69},[14,76448,76449,76450,76452,76453,76455],{},"Python raises a ",[52,76451,40300],{}," because a slice step of ",[52,76454,131],{}," does not make sense.",[37,76457,76459],{"id":76458},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[14,76461,76462],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[1425,76464,1017],{"id":76465},"indexing-gets-one-item",[45,76467,76469],{"className":47,"code":76468,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[52,76470,76471,76495,76499],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76472,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76474,243],{"class":61},[55,76476,66],{"class":65},[55,76478,3211],{"class":69},[55,76480,250],{"class":130},[55,76482,83],{"class":69},[55,76484,255],{"class":130},[55,76486,83],{"class":69},[55,76488,260],{"class":130},[55,76490,83],{"class":69},[55,76492,1051],{"class":130},[55,76494,386],{"class":69},[55,76496,76497],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76498,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,76500,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76502,117],{"class":116},[55,76504,120],{"class":69},[55,76506,275],{"class":123},[55,76508,127],{"class":69},[55,76510,309],{"class":130},[55,76512,282],{"class":69},[14,76514,314],{},[45,76516,76517],{"className":47,"code":334,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,76518,76519],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76520,76521],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76522,334],{"class":130},[1425,76524,76526],{"id":76525},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[45,76528,76530],{"className":47,"code":76529,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[52,76531,76532,76556,76560],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76533,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76535,243],{"class":61},[55,76537,66],{"class":65},[55,76539,3211],{"class":69},[55,76541,250],{"class":130},[55,76543,83],{"class":69},[55,76545,255],{"class":130},[55,76547,83],{"class":69},[55,76549,260],{"class":130},[55,76551,83],{"class":69},[55,76553,1051],{"class":130},[55,76555,386],{"class":69},[55,76557,76558],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76559,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76563,117],{"class":116},[55,76565,120],{"class":69},[55,76567,275],{"class":123},[55,76569,127],{"class":69},[55,76571,309],{"class":130},[55,76573,854],{"class":69},[55,76575,609],{"class":130},[55,76577,282],{"class":69},[14,76579,314],{},[45,76581,76583],{"className":47,"code":76582,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[30]\n",[52,76584,76585],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76586,76587,76589,76591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76588,127],{"class":69},[55,76590,36437],{"class":130},[55,76592,386],{"class":69},[14,76594,13359],{},[21,76596,76597,76603],{},[24,76598,76599,76602],{},[52,76600,76601],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[24,76604,76605,76608],{},[52,76606,76607],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[14,76610,76611],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[21,76613,76614,76617],{},[24,76615,76616],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[24,76618,76619],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[14,76621,233],{},[45,76623,76625],{"className":47,"code":76624,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[52,76626,76627,76647,76651],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76628,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76630,243],{"class":61},[55,76632,66],{"class":65},[55,76634,3211],{"class":69},[55,76636,250],{"class":130},[55,76638,83],{"class":69},[55,76640,255],{"class":130},[55,76642,83],{"class":69},[55,76644,260],{"class":130},[55,76646,386],{"class":69},[55,76648,76649],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76650,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,76652,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76654,117],{"class":116},[55,76656,120],{"class":69},[55,76658,275],{"class":123},[55,76660,127],{"class":69},[55,76662,817],{"class":130},[55,76664,854],{"class":69},[55,76666,250],{"class":130},[55,76668,282],{"class":69},[14,76670,314],{},[45,76672,76673],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,76674,76675],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76676,76677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76678,37894],{"class":69},[14,76680,76681],{},"But this would raise an error:",[45,76683,76685],{"className":47,"code":76684,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[52,76686,76687,76707,76711],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76688,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76690,243],{"class":61},[55,76692,66],{"class":65},[55,76694,3211],{"class":69},[55,76696,250],{"class":130},[55,76698,83],{"class":69},[55,76700,255],{"class":130},[55,76702,83],{"class":69},[55,76704,260],{"class":130},[55,76706,386],{"class":69},[55,76708,76709],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76710,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,76712,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76714,117],{"class":116},[55,76716,120],{"class":69},[55,76718,275],{"class":123},[55,76720,127],{"class":69},[55,76722,817],{"class":130},[55,76724,282],{"class":69},[14,76726,76727,76728,198],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[194,76729,68854],{"href":68853},[37,76731,14774],{"id":76732},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[14,76734,76735],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[21,76737,76738,76742,76744,76747,76753],{},[24,76739,4296,76740,75332],{},[52,76741,75017],{},[24,76743,60289],{},[24,76745,76746],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[24,76748,36800,76749,8301,76751],{},[52,76750,75652],{},[52,76752,73117],{},[24,76754,76755,76756,76758],{},"Using step ",[52,76757,131],{},", which causes an error",[1425,76760,76762],{"id":76761},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[45,76764,76766],{"className":47,"code":76765,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[52,76767,76768,76796],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76769,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76771,243],{"class":61},[55,76773,66],{"class":65},[55,76775,3211],{"class":69},[55,76777,250],{"class":130},[55,76779,83],{"class":69},[55,76781,255],{"class":130},[55,76783,83],{"class":69},[55,76785,260],{"class":130},[55,76787,83],{"class":69},[55,76789,1051],{"class":130},[55,76791,83],{"class":69},[55,76793,4671],{"class":130},[55,76795,386],{"class":69},[55,76797,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76799,117],{"class":116},[55,76801,120],{"class":69},[55,76803,275],{"class":123},[55,76805,127],{"class":69},[55,76807,152],{"class":130},[55,76809,854],{"class":69},[55,76811,2091],{"class":130},[55,76813,282],{"class":69},[14,76815,76816],{},"This returns:",[45,76818,76820],{"className":47,"code":76819,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[52,76821,76822],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76823,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76825,127],{"class":69},[55,76827,1149],{"class":130},[55,76829,83],{"class":69},[55,76831,260],{"class":130},[55,76833,83],{"class":69},[55,76835,1051],{"class":130},[55,76837,386],{"class":69},[14,76839,40502,76840,76842,76843,76845,76846,198],{},[3332,76841,4222],{}," include ",[52,76844,76385],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[52,76847,2091],{},[1425,76849,76851],{"id":76850},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[14,76853,16241],{},[45,76855,76857],{"className":47,"code":76856,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[52,76858,76859,76879],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76860,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76862,243],{"class":61},[55,76864,66],{"class":65},[55,76866,3211],{"class":69},[55,76868,250],{"class":130},[55,76870,83],{"class":69},[55,76872,255],{"class":130},[55,76874,83],{"class":69},[55,76876,260],{"class":130},[55,76878,386],{"class":69},[55,76880,76881],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76882,76883],{"class":137},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[14,76885,76886],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[45,76888,76890],{"className":47,"code":76889,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[52,76891,76892],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76893,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76895,117],{"class":116},[55,76897,120],{"class":69},[55,76899,275],{"class":123},[55,76901,127],{"class":69},[55,76903,152],{"class":130},[55,76905,854],{"class":69},[55,76907,609],{"class":130},[55,76909,282],{"class":69},[1425,76911,76913],{"id":76912},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[14,76915,76916],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[45,76918,76920],{"className":47,"code":76919,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,76921,76922,76946,76960,76964,76974],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76923,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76925,243],{"class":61},[55,76927,66],{"class":65},[55,76929,3211],{"class":69},[55,76931,250],{"class":130},[55,76933,83],{"class":69},[55,76935,255],{"class":130},[55,76937,83],{"class":69},[55,76939,260],{"class":130},[55,76941,83],{"class":69},[55,76943,1051],{"class":130},[55,76945,386],{"class":69},[55,76947,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,76949,75250],{"class":61},[55,76951,66],{"class":65},[55,76953,3852],{"class":61},[55,76955,75126],{"class":69},[55,76957,309],{"class":130},[55,76959,386],{"class":69},[55,76961,76962],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,76963,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,76965,76966,76968,76970,76972],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,76967,117],{"class":116},[55,76969,120],{"class":69},[55,76971,75273],{"class":123},[55,76973,103],{"class":69},[55,76975,76976,76978,76980,76982],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,76977,117],{"class":116},[55,76979,120],{"class":69},[55,76981,275],{"class":123},[55,76983,103],{"class":69},[14,76985,314],{},[45,76987,76989],{"className":47,"code":76988,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[52,76990,76991,77003],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,76992,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,76994,127],{"class":69},[55,76996,250],{"class":130},[55,76998,83],{"class":69},[55,77000,255],{"class":130},[55,77002,386],{"class":69},[55,77004,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77006,127],{"class":69},[55,77008,250],{"class":130},[55,77010,83],{"class":69},[55,77012,255],{"class":130},[55,77014,83],{"class":69},[55,77016,260],{"class":130},[55,77018,83],{"class":69},[55,77020,1051],{"class":130},[55,77022,386],{"class":69},[14,77024,77025],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[1425,77027,77029,77030,8301,77032],{"id":77028},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[52,77031,75652],{},[52,77033,73117],{},[45,77035,77037],{"className":47,"code":77036,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,77038,77039,77059,77063,77080,77091],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77040,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77042,243],{"class":61},[55,77044,66],{"class":65},[55,77046,3211],{"class":69},[55,77048,250],{"class":130},[55,77050,83],{"class":69},[55,77052,255],{"class":130},[55,77054,83],{"class":69},[55,77056,260],{"class":130},[55,77058,386],{"class":69},[55,77060,77061],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77062,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,77064,77065,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,77066,77067],{"class":61},"reversed_copy ",[55,77069,66],{"class":65},[55,77071,3852],{"class":61},[55,77073,73713],{"class":69},[55,77075,171],{"class":65},[55,77077,152],{"class":130},[55,77079,386],{"class":69},[55,77081,77082,77084,77086,77089],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,77083,117],{"class":116},[55,77085,120],{"class":69},[55,77087,77088],{"class":123},"reversed_copy",[55,77090,103],{"class":69},[55,77092,77093,77095,77097,77099],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,77094,117],{"class":116},[55,77096,120],{"class":69},[55,77098,275],{"class":123},[55,77100,103],{"class":69},[14,77102,314],{},[45,77104,77106],{"className":47,"code":77105,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[52,77107,77108,77124],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77109,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77111,127],{"class":69},[55,77113,36437],{"class":130},[55,77115,83],{"class":69},[55,77117,255],{"class":130},[55,77119,83],{"class":69},[55,77121,5598],{"class":130},[55,77123,386],{"class":69},[55,77125,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77127,127],{"class":69},[55,77129,250],{"class":130},[55,77131,83],{"class":69},[55,77133,255],{"class":130},[55,77135,83],{"class":69},[55,77137,260],{"class":130},[55,77139,386],{"class":69},[14,77141,77142,77145],{},[52,77143,77144],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[14,77147,77148,77149,77152],{},"By contrast, ",[52,77150,77151],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[1425,77154,77156],{"id":77155},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[14,77158,77159],{},"This is not allowed:",[45,77161,77163],{"className":47,"code":77162,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[52,77164,77165,77185],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77166,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77168,243],{"class":61},[55,77170,66],{"class":65},[55,77172,3211],{"class":69},[55,77174,250],{"class":130},[55,77176,83],{"class":69},[55,77178,255],{"class":130},[55,77180,83],{"class":69},[55,77182,260],{"class":130},[55,77184,386],{"class":69},[55,77186,77187],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77188,77189],{"class":137},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[14,77191,77192,77193,198],{},"Python will raise a ",[52,77194,40300],{},[37,77196,77198],{"id":77197},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[14,77200,77201],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[21,77203,77204,77211,77217,77220,77223],{},[24,77205,36800,77206,3983,77208,77210],{},[52,77207,35671],{},[52,77209,75017],{}," positions",[24,77212,77213,77214,77216],{},"Assuming the ",[52,77215,75017],{}," index is included",[24,77218,77219],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[24,77221,77222],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[24,77224,77225],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[14,77227,77228],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[45,77230,77232],{"className":47,"code":77231,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[52,77233,77234,77244,77258,77276,77290,77307],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77235,77236,77238,77240,77242],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77237,117],{"class":116},[55,77239,120],{"class":69},[55,77241,7934],{"class":123},[55,77243,103],{"class":69},[55,77245,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77247,117],{"class":116},[55,77249,120],{"class":69},[55,77251,940],{"class":116},[55,77253,120],{"class":69},[55,77255,7934],{"class":123},[55,77257,1357],{"class":69},[55,77259,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,77261,117],{"class":116},[55,77263,120],{"class":69},[55,77265,7934],{"class":123},[55,77267,127],{"class":69},[55,77269,152],{"class":130},[55,77271,854],{"class":69},[55,77273,2091],{"class":130},[55,77275,282],{"class":69},[55,77277,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,77279,117],{"class":116},[55,77281,120],{"class":69},[55,77283,7934],{"class":123},[55,77285,75126],{"class":69},[55,77287,609],{"class":130},[55,77289,282],{"class":69},[55,77291,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,77293,117],{"class":116},[55,77295,120],{"class":69},[55,77297,7934],{"class":123},[55,77299,127],{"class":69},[55,77301,171],{"class":65},[55,77303,609],{"class":130},[55,77305,77306],{"class":69},":])\n",[55,77308,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,77310,117],{"class":116},[55,77312,120],{"class":69},[55,77314,7934],{"class":123},[55,77316,73713],{"class":69},[55,77318,171],{"class":65},[55,77320,152],{"class":130},[55,77322,282],{"class":69},[14,77324,8012,77325,77327,77328,77332],{},[52,77326,889],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[194,77329,77331],{"href":77330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[37,77334,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,77336,77338],{"id":77337},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[14,77340,77341],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[1425,77343,77345],{"id":77344},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[14,77347,77348],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[1425,77350,4733,77352,39556],{"id":77351},"what-does-list-1-do",[52,77353,75652],{},[14,77355,77356],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[1425,77358,77360,77361,2078],{"id":77359},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[52,77362,851],{},[14,77364,77365],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[37,77367,1495],{"id":1494},[21,77369,77370,77375,77380,77384,77388,77392],{},[24,77371,77372],{},[194,77373,77374],{"href":50575},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[24,77376,77377],{},[194,77378,77379],{"href":56750},"How to create a list in Python",[24,77381,77382],{},[194,77383,14562],{"href":56816},[24,77385,77386],{},[194,77387,74398],{"href":74397},[24,77389,77390],{},[194,77391,77331],{"href":77330},[24,77393,77394],{},[194,77395,68854],{"href":68853},[14,77397,77398,77399,77401],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[52,77400,889],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1524,77403,77404],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":77406},[77407,77408,77409,77410,77411,77412,77415,77419,77427,77428,77436],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":75181,"depth":106,"text":75182},{"id":75344,"depth":106,"text":75345},{"id":75606,"depth":106,"text":75607},{"id":75900,"depth":106,"text":75901},{"id":76146,"depth":106,"text":76147,"children":77413},[77414],{"id":76404,"depth":113,"text":76405},{"id":76458,"depth":106,"text":76459,"children":77416},[77417,77418],{"id":76465,"depth":113,"text":1017},{"id":76525,"depth":113,"text":76526},{"id":76732,"depth":106,"text":14774,"children":77420},[77421,77422,77423,77424,77426],{"id":76761,"depth":113,"text":76762},{"id":76850,"depth":113,"text":76851},{"id":76912,"depth":113,"text":76913},{"id":77028,"depth":113,"text":77425},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77155,"depth":113,"text":77156},{"id":77197,"depth":106,"text":77198},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":77429},[77430,77431,77432,77434],{"id":77337,"depth":113,"text":77338},{"id":77344,"depth":113,"text":77345},{"id":77351,"depth":113,"text":77433},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77359,"depth":113,"text":77435},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75004,"description":77437},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77444,"title":77445,"body":77446,"description":79515,"extension":1546,"meta":79516,"navigation":109,"path":79517,"seo":79518,"stem":79519,"__hash__":79520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77447,"toc":79481},[77448,77453,77459,77465,77467,77514,77521,77526,77530,77545,77548,77601,77603,77628,77633,77635,77667,77670,77686,77688,77749,77751,77776,77780,77785,77838,77840,77865,77870,77931,77933,77958,77961,77968,77972,77975,78036,78038,78071,78074,78135,78137,78170,78176,78249,78251,78283,78290,78295,78300,78302,78314,78317,78395,78397,78438,78441,78515,78517,78550,78555,78562,78569,78573,78582,78586,78594,78596,78663,78665,78701,78706,78717,78719,78724,78729,78731,78794,78796,78821,78828,78833,78837,78840,78880,78885,78891,78896,78898,78925,78930,78933,78980,78982,79039,79046,79051,79057,79126,79130,79133,79196,79198,79231,79236,79238,79241,79322,79324,79348,79354,79356,79361,79365,79372,79380,79384,79386,79409,79413,79415,79442,79445,79452,79455,79457,79478],[10,77449,53938,77451,10920],{"id":77450},"python-list-sort-method",[52,77452,63907],{},[14,77454,77455,77458],{},[52,77456,77457],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[14,77460,77461,77462,77464],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[52,77463,63907],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[37,77466,1588],{"id":1587},[45,77468,77470],{"className":47,"code":77469,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,77471,77472,77492,77502],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77473,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77475,243],{"class":61},[55,77477,66],{"class":65},[55,77479,3211],{"class":69},[55,77481,609],{"class":130},[55,77483,83],{"class":69},[55,77485,5090],{"class":130},[55,77487,83],{"class":69},[55,77489,976],{"class":130},[55,77491,386],{"class":69},[55,77493,77494,77496,77498,77500],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77495,275],{"class":61},[55,77497,198],{"class":69},[55,77499,34399],{"class":123},[55,77501,8239],{"class":69},[55,77503,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,77505,117],{"class":116},[55,77507,120],{"class":69},[55,77509,275],{"class":123},[55,77511,970],{"class":69},[55,77513,54528],{"class":137},[14,77515,1440,77516,77518,77519,198],{},[52,77517,77457],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[52,77520,3368],{},[37,77522,3265,77524,3268],{"id":77523},"what-listsort-does",[52,77525,77457],{},[14,77527,77528,854],{},[52,77529,77457],{},[21,77531,77532,77535,77538,77542],{},[24,77533,77534],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[24,77536,77537],{},"Changes the original list",[24,77539,11022,77540],{},[52,77541,3368],{},[24,77543,77544],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[14,77546,77547],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[45,77549,77551],{"className":47,"code":77550,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,77552,77553,77577,77587,77591],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77554,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77556,243],{"class":61},[55,77558,66],{"class":65},[55,77560,3211],{"class":69},[55,77562,817],{"class":130},[55,77564,83],{"class":69},[55,77566,976],{"class":130},[55,77568,83],{"class":69},[55,77570,53732],{"class":130},[55,77572,83],{"class":69},[55,77574,5090],{"class":130},[55,77576,386],{"class":69},[55,77578,77579,77581,77583,77585],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77580,275],{"class":61},[55,77582,198],{"class":69},[55,77584,34399],{"class":123},[55,77586,8239],{"class":69},[55,77588,77589],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,77590,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,77592,77593,77595,77597,77599],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,77594,117],{"class":116},[55,77596,120],{"class":69},[55,77598,275],{"class":123},[55,77600,103],{"class":69},[14,77602,314],{},[45,77604,77606],{"className":47,"code":77605,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[52,77607,77608],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77609,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77611,127],{"class":69},[55,77613,152],{"class":130},[55,77615,83],{"class":69},[55,77617,976],{"class":130},[55,77619,83],{"class":69},[55,77621,4196],{"class":130},[55,77623,83],{"class":69},[55,77625,53732],{"class":130},[55,77627,386],{"class":69},[14,77629,77630,77631,198],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[194,77632,66672],{"href":50575},[37,77634,1740],{"id":1739},[45,77636,77638],{"className":47,"code":77637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[52,77639,77640],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77641,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77661,77663,77665],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77643,7934],{"class":61},[55,77645,198],{"class":69},[55,77647,34399],{"class":123},[55,77649,120],{"class":69},[55,77651,14438],{"class":8773},[55,77653,66],{"class":65},[55,77655,3368],{"class":3443},[55,77657,83],{"class":69},[55,77659,77660],{"class":8773}," reverse",[55,77662,66],{"class":65},[55,77664,3261],{"class":3443},[55,77666,103],{"class":69},[14,77668,77669],{},"Main arguments:",[21,77671,77672,77677,77683],{},[24,77673,77674,77676],{},[52,77675,14438],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[24,77678,77679,77682],{},[52,77680,77681],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[24,77684,77685],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[14,77687,233],{},[45,77689,77691],{"className":47,"code":77690,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,77692,77693,77717,77735,77739],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77694,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709,77711,77713,77715],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77696,243],{"class":61},[55,77698,66],{"class":65},[55,77700,3211],{"class":69},[55,77702,2091],{"class":130},[55,77704,83],{"class":69},[55,77706,5090],{"class":130},[55,77708,83],{"class":69},[55,77710,5587],{"class":130},[55,77712,83],{"class":69},[55,77714,976],{"class":130},[55,77716,386],{"class":69},[55,77718,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77720,275],{"class":61},[55,77722,198],{"class":69},[55,77724,34399],{"class":123},[55,77726,120],{"class":69},[55,77728,73168],{"class":8773},[55,77730,66],{"class":65},[55,77732,3194],{"class":3443},[55,77734,103],{"class":69},[55,77736,77737],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,77738,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,77740,77741,77743,77745,77747],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,77742,117],{"class":116},[55,77744,120],{"class":69},[55,77746,275],{"class":123},[55,77748,103],{"class":69},[14,77750,314],{},[45,77752,77754],{"className":47,"code":77753,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[52,77755,77756],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77757,77758,77760,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77759,127],{"class":69},[55,77761,1609],{"class":130},[55,77763,83],{"class":69},[55,77765,2042],{"class":130},[55,77767,83],{"class":69},[55,77769,976],{"class":130},[55,77771,83],{"class":69},[55,77773,5090],{"class":130},[55,77775,386],{"class":69},[37,77777,77779],{"id":77778},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[14,77781,1440,77782,77784],{},[52,77783,63907],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[45,77786,77788],{"className":47,"code":77787,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,77789,77790,77814,77824,77828],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77793,243],{"class":61},[55,77795,66],{"class":65},[55,77797,3211],{"class":69},[55,77799,250],{"class":130},[55,77801,83],{"class":69},[55,77803,2036],{"class":130},[55,77805,83],{"class":69},[55,77807,5954],{"class":130},[55,77809,83],{"class":69},[55,77811,5090],{"class":130},[55,77813,386],{"class":69},[55,77815,77816,77818,77820,77822],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77817,275],{"class":61},[55,77819,198],{"class":69},[55,77821,34399],{"class":123},[55,77823,8239],{"class":69},[55,77825,77826],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,77827,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,77829,77830,77832,77834,77836],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,77831,117],{"class":116},[55,77833,120],{"class":69},[55,77835,275],{"class":123},[55,77837,103],{"class":69},[14,77839,314],{},[45,77841,77843],{"className":47,"code":77842,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[52,77844,77845],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77846,77847,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77848,127],{"class":69},[55,77850,152],{"class":130},[55,77852,83],{"class":69},[55,77854,2036],{"class":130},[55,77856,83],{"class":69},[55,77858,5954],{"class":130},[55,77860,83],{"class":69},[55,77862,5598],{"class":130},[55,77864,386],{"class":69},[14,77866,1440,77867,77869],{},[52,77868,77681],{}," for descending order:",[45,77871,77873],{"className":47,"code":77872,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,77874,77875,77899,77917,77921],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77876,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77878,243],{"class":61},[55,77880,66],{"class":65},[55,77882,3211],{"class":69},[55,77884,250],{"class":130},[55,77886,83],{"class":69},[55,77888,2036],{"class":130},[55,77890,83],{"class":69},[55,77892,5954],{"class":130},[55,77894,83],{"class":69},[55,77896,5090],{"class":130},[55,77898,386],{"class":69},[55,77900,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,77902,275],{"class":61},[55,77904,198],{"class":69},[55,77906,34399],{"class":123},[55,77908,120],{"class":69},[55,77910,73168],{"class":8773},[55,77912,66],{"class":65},[55,77914,3194],{"class":3443},[55,77916,103],{"class":69},[55,77918,77919],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,77920,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,77922,77923,77925,77927,77929],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,77924,117],{"class":116},[55,77926,120],{"class":69},[55,77928,275],{"class":123},[55,77930,103],{"class":69},[14,77932,314],{},[45,77934,77936],{"className":47,"code":77935,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[52,77937,77938],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77939,77940,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77941,127],{"class":69},[55,77943,250],{"class":130},[55,77945,83],{"class":69},[55,77947,5954],{"class":130},[55,77949,83],{"class":69},[55,77951,2036],{"class":130},[55,77953,83],{"class":69},[55,77955,5090],{"class":130},[55,77957,386],{"class":69},[14,77959,77960],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[14,77962,77963,77964,198],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[194,77965,77967],{"href":77966},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[37,77969,77971],{"id":77970},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[14,77973,77974],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[45,77976,77978],{"className":47,"code":77977,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,77979,77980,78012,78022,78026],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,77981,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,77983,3661],{"class":61},[55,77985,66],{"class":65},[55,77987,3211],{"class":69},[55,77989,74],{"class":73},[55,77991,416],{"class":77},[55,77993,74],{"class":73},[55,77995,83],{"class":69},[55,77997,86],{"class":73},[55,77999,407],{"class":77},[55,78001,74],{"class":73},[55,78003,83],{"class":69},[55,78005,86],{"class":73},[55,78007,425],{"class":77},[55,78009,74],{"class":73},[55,78011,386],{"class":69},[55,78013,78014,78016,78018,78020],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78015,3702],{"class":61},[55,78017,198],{"class":69},[55,78019,34399],{"class":123},[55,78021,8239],{"class":69},[55,78023,78024],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78025,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78027,78028,78030,78032,78034],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78029,117],{"class":116},[55,78031,120],{"class":69},[55,78033,3702],{"class":123},[55,78035,103],{"class":69},[14,78037,314],{},[45,78039,78041],{"className":47,"code":78040,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[52,78042,78043],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78044,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78046,127],{"class":69},[55,78048,2889],{"class":73},[55,78050,407],{"class":77},[55,78052,2889],{"class":73},[55,78054,83],{"class":69},[55,78056,2884],{"class":73},[55,78058,416],{"class":77},[55,78060,2889],{"class":73},[55,78062,83],{"class":69},[55,78064,2884],{"class":73},[55,78066,425],{"class":77},[55,78068,2889],{"class":73},[55,78070,386],{"class":69},[14,78072,78073],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[45,78075,78077],{"className":47,"code":78076,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,78078,78079,78111,78121,78125],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78080,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78082,3661],{"class":61},[55,78084,66],{"class":65},[55,78086,3211],{"class":69},[55,78088,74],{"class":73},[55,78090,416],{"class":77},[55,78092,74],{"class":73},[55,78094,83],{"class":69},[55,78096,86],{"class":73},[55,78098,57365],{"class":77},[55,78100,74],{"class":73},[55,78102,83],{"class":69},[55,78104,86],{"class":73},[55,78106,425],{"class":77},[55,78108,74],{"class":73},[55,78110,386],{"class":69},[55,78112,78113,78115,78117,78119],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78114,3702],{"class":61},[55,78116,198],{"class":69},[55,78118,34399],{"class":123},[55,78120,8239],{"class":69},[55,78122,78123],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78124,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78126,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78128,117],{"class":116},[55,78130,120],{"class":69},[55,78132,3702],{"class":123},[55,78134,103],{"class":69},[14,78136,314],{},[45,78138,78140],{"className":47,"code":78139,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[52,78141,78142],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78143,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78145,127],{"class":69},[55,78147,2889],{"class":73},[55,78149,57365],{"class":77},[55,78151,2889],{"class":73},[55,78153,83],{"class":69},[55,78155,2884],{"class":73},[55,78157,416],{"class":77},[55,78159,2889],{"class":73},[55,78161,83],{"class":69},[55,78163,2884],{"class":73},[55,78165,425],{"class":77},[55,78167,2889],{"class":73},[55,78169,386],{"class":69},[14,78171,78172,78173,854],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[52,78174,78175],{},"key=str.lower",[45,78177,78179],{"className":47,"code":78178,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,78180,78181,78213,78235,78239],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78182,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78184,3661],{"class":61},[55,78186,66],{"class":65},[55,78188,3211],{"class":69},[55,78190,74],{"class":73},[55,78192,416],{"class":77},[55,78194,74],{"class":73},[55,78196,83],{"class":69},[55,78198,86],{"class":73},[55,78200,57365],{"class":77},[55,78202,74],{"class":73},[55,78204,83],{"class":69},[55,78206,86],{"class":73},[55,78208,425],{"class":77},[55,78210,74],{"class":73},[55,78212,386],{"class":69},[55,78214,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78216,3702],{"class":61},[55,78218,198],{"class":69},[55,78220,34399],{"class":123},[55,78222,120],{"class":69},[55,78224,14438],{"class":8773},[55,78226,66],{"class":65},[55,78228,3032],{"class":850},[55,78230,198],{"class":69},[55,78232,8236],{"class":24347},[55,78234,103],{"class":69},[55,78236,78237],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78238,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78240,78241,78243,78245,78247],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78242,117],{"class":116},[55,78244,120],{"class":69},[55,78246,3702],{"class":123},[55,78248,103],{"class":69},[14,78250,314],{},[45,78252,78253],{"className":47,"code":78139,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,78254,78255],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78256,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78258,127],{"class":69},[55,78260,2889],{"class":73},[55,78262,57365],{"class":77},[55,78264,2889],{"class":73},[55,78266,83],{"class":69},[55,78268,2884],{"class":73},[55,78270,416],{"class":77},[55,78272,2889],{"class":73},[55,78274,83],{"class":69},[55,78276,2884],{"class":73},[55,78278,425],{"class":77},[55,78280,2889],{"class":73},[55,78282,386],{"class":69},[14,78284,78285,78286,78289],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[52,78287,78288],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[37,78291,36208,78293,36211],{"id":78292},"using-the-key-argument",[52,78294,14438],{},[14,78296,1563,78297,78299],{},[52,78298,14438],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[14,78301,6937],{},[21,78303,78304,78309],{},[24,78305,78306,78308],{},[52,78307,940],{}," to sort by length",[24,78310,78311,78313],{},[52,78312,78288],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[14,78315,78316],{},"Sort words by length:",[45,78318,78320],{"className":47,"code":78319,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,78321,78322,78363,78381,78385],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78323,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78325,3661],{"class":61},[55,78327,66],{"class":65},[55,78329,3211],{"class":69},[55,78331,74],{"class":73},[55,78333,78334],{"class":77},"pear",[55,78336,74],{"class":73},[55,78338,83],{"class":69},[55,78340,86],{"class":73},[55,78342,416],{"class":77},[55,78344,74],{"class":73},[55,78346,83],{"class":69},[55,78348,86],{"class":73},[55,78350,37955],{"class":77},[55,78352,74],{"class":73},[55,78354,83],{"class":69},[55,78356,86],{"class":73},[55,78358,407],{"class":77},[55,78360,74],{"class":73},[55,78362,386],{"class":69},[55,78364,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78366,3702],{"class":61},[55,78368,198],{"class":69},[55,78370,34399],{"class":123},[55,78372,120],{"class":69},[55,78374,14438],{"class":8773},[55,78376,66],{"class":65},[55,78378,940],{"class":116},[55,78380,103],{"class":69},[55,78382,78383],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78384,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78386,78387,78389,78391,78393],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78388,117],{"class":116},[55,78390,120],{"class":69},[55,78392,3702],{"class":123},[55,78394,103],{"class":69},[14,78396,314],{},[45,78398,78400],{"className":47,"code":78399,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[52,78401,78402],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78403,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78405,127],{"class":69},[55,78407,2889],{"class":73},[55,78409,37955],{"class":77},[55,78411,2889],{"class":73},[55,78413,83],{"class":69},[55,78415,2884],{"class":73},[55,78417,78334],{"class":77},[55,78419,2889],{"class":73},[55,78421,83],{"class":69},[55,78423,2884],{"class":73},[55,78425,407],{"class":77},[55,78427,2889],{"class":73},[55,78429,83],{"class":69},[55,78431,2884],{"class":73},[55,78433,416],{"class":77},[55,78435,2889],{"class":73},[55,78437,386],{"class":69},[14,78439,78440],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[45,78442,78444],{"className":47,"code":78443,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,78445,78446,78479,78501,78505],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78447,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78475,78477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78449,3661],{"class":61},[55,78451,66],{"class":65},[55,78453,3211],{"class":69},[55,78455,74],{"class":73},[55,78457,4604],{"class":77},[55,78459,74],{"class":73},[55,78461,83],{"class":69},[55,78463,86],{"class":73},[55,78465,17400],{"class":77},[55,78467,74],{"class":73},[55,78469,83],{"class":69},[55,78471,86],{"class":73},[55,78473,78474],{"class":77},"Carol",[55,78476,74],{"class":73},[55,78478,386],{"class":69},[55,78480,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78482,3702],{"class":61},[55,78484,198],{"class":69},[55,78486,34399],{"class":123},[55,78488,120],{"class":69},[55,78490,14438],{"class":8773},[55,78492,66],{"class":65},[55,78494,3032],{"class":850},[55,78496,198],{"class":69},[55,78498,8236],{"class":24347},[55,78500,103],{"class":69},[55,78502,78503],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78504,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78506,78507,78509,78511,78513],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78508,117],{"class":116},[55,78510,120],{"class":69},[55,78512,3702],{"class":123},[55,78514,103],{"class":69},[14,78516,314],{},[45,78518,78520],{"className":47,"code":78519,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[52,78521,78522],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78523,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78525,127],{"class":69},[55,78527,2889],{"class":73},[55,78529,17400],{"class":77},[55,78531,2889],{"class":73},[55,78533,83],{"class":69},[55,78535,2884],{"class":73},[55,78537,4604],{"class":77},[55,78539,2889],{"class":73},[55,78541,83],{"class":69},[55,78543,2884],{"class":73},[55,78545,78474],{"class":77},[55,78547,2889],{"class":73},[55,78549,386],{"class":69},[14,78551,1563,78552,78554],{},[52,78553,14438],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[37,78556,78558,10183,78560],{"id":78557},"listsort-vs-sorted",[52,78559,77457],{},[52,78561,74015],{},[14,78563,78564,3983,78566,78568],{},[52,78565,77457],{},[52,78567,74015],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[14,78570,78571,854],{},[52,78572,77457],{},[21,78574,78575,78578],{},[24,78576,78577],{},"Changes the existing list",[24,78579,11022,78580],{},[52,78581,3368],{},[14,78583,78584,854],{},[52,78585,74015],{},[21,78587,78588,78591],{},[24,78589,78590],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[24,78592,78593],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[14,78595,233],{},[45,78597,78599],{"className":47,"code":78598,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[52,78600,78601,78621,78625,78639,78643,78653],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78602,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78604,243],{"class":61},[55,78606,66],{"class":65},[55,78608,3211],{"class":69},[55,78610,609],{"class":130},[55,78612,83],{"class":69},[55,78614,5090],{"class":130},[55,78616,83],{"class":69},[55,78618,976],{"class":130},[55,78620,386],{"class":69},[55,78622,78623],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78624,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78628,55486],{"class":61},[55,78630,66],{"class":65},[55,78632,74149],{"class":116},[55,78634,120],{"class":69},[55,78636,275],{"class":123},[55,78638,103],{"class":69},[55,78640,78641],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78642,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78644,78645,78647,78649,78651],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,78646,117],{"class":116},[55,78648,120],{"class":69},[55,78650,275],{"class":123},[55,78652,103],{"class":69},[55,78654,78655,78657,78659,78661],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,78656,117],{"class":116},[55,78658,120],{"class":69},[55,78660,73872],{"class":123},[55,78662,103],{"class":69},[14,78664,314],{},[45,78666,78667],{"className":47,"code":74184,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,78668,78669,78685],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78670,78671,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78672,127],{"class":69},[55,78674,609],{"class":130},[55,78676,83],{"class":69},[55,78678,5090],{"class":130},[55,78680,83],{"class":69},[55,78682,976],{"class":130},[55,78684,386],{"class":69},[55,78686,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78688,127],{"class":69},[55,78690,152],{"class":130},[55,78692,83],{"class":69},[55,78694,976],{"class":130},[55,78696,83],{"class":69},[55,78698,2036],{"class":130},[55,78700,386],{"class":69},[14,78702,1440,78703,78705],{},[52,78704,74015],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[14,78707,78708,78709,3983,78713,198],{},"You can learn more in ",[194,78710,3165,78711,5376],{"href":74112},[52,78712,74015],{},[194,78714,78716],{"href":78715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[37,78718,1298],{"id":1297},[14,78720,78721,78722,198],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[52,78723,77457],{},[1425,78725,12194,78727],{"id":78726},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[52,78728,63907],{},[14,78730,25287],{},[45,78732,78734],{"className":47,"code":78733,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,78735,78736,78756,78770,78774,78784],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78737,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78739,243],{"class":61},[55,78741,66],{"class":65},[55,78743,3211],{"class":69},[55,78745,609],{"class":130},[55,78747,83],{"class":69},[55,78749,5090],{"class":130},[55,78751,83],{"class":69},[55,78753,976],{"class":130},[55,78755,386],{"class":69},[55,78757,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78759,1814],{"class":61},[55,78761,66],{"class":65},[55,78763,3852],{"class":61},[55,78765,198],{"class":69},[55,78767,34399],{"class":123},[55,78769,8239],{"class":69},[55,78771,78772],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78773,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78775,78776,78778,78780,78782],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78777,117],{"class":116},[55,78779,120],{"class":69},[55,78781,1849],{"class":123},[55,78783,103],{"class":69},[55,78785,78786,78788,78790,78792],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,78787,117],{"class":116},[55,78789,120],{"class":69},[55,78791,275],{"class":123},[55,78793,103],{"class":69},[14,78795,314],{},[45,78797,78799],{"className":47,"code":78798,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[52,78800,78801,78805],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78802,78803],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78804,11407],{"class":3443},[55,78806,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78808,127],{"class":69},[55,78810,152],{"class":130},[55,78812,83],{"class":69},[55,78814,976],{"class":130},[55,78816,83],{"class":69},[55,78818,2036],{"class":130},[55,78820,386],{"class":69},[14,78822,78823,78825,78826,198],{},[52,78824,63907],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[52,78827,3368],{},[14,78829,78830,78831,6226],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[52,78832,74015],{},[1425,78834,78836],{"id":78835},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[14,78838,78839],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[45,78841,78843],{"className":47,"code":78842,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[52,78844,78845,78870],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78846,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78862,78864,78866,78868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78848,7375],{"class":61},[55,78850,66],{"class":65},[55,78852,3211],{"class":69},[55,78854,152],{"class":130},[55,78856,83],{"class":69},[55,78858,86],{"class":73},[55,78860,78861],{"class":77},"two",[55,78863,74],{"class":73},[55,78865,83],{"class":69},[55,78867,2036],{"class":130},[55,78869,386],{"class":69},[55,78871,78872,78874,78876,78878],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78873,7404],{"class":61},[55,78875,198],{"class":69},[55,78877,34399],{"class":123},[55,78879,8239],{"class":69},[14,78881,2589,78882,78884],{},[52,78883,2592],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[1425,78886,4296,78888,78890],{"id":78887},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[52,78889,63907],{}," only works on lists",[14,78892,78893,78895],{},[52,78894,63907],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[14,78897,16241],{},[45,78899,78901],{"className":47,"code":78900,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[52,78902,78903,78915],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78904,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78906,34287],{"class":61},[55,78908,66],{"class":65},[55,78910,86],{"class":73},[55,78912,49],{"class":77},[55,78914,1288],{"class":73},[55,78916,78917,78919,78921,78923],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78918,34308],{"class":61},[55,78920,198],{"class":69},[55,78922,34399],{"class":123},[55,78924,8239],{"class":69},[14,78926,78927,78928,33200],{},"Strings do not have a ",[52,78929,63907],{},[14,78931,78932],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[45,78934,78936],{"className":47,"code":78935,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[52,78937,78938,78956,78966,78970],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78939,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78941,769],{"class":61},[55,78943,66],{"class":65},[55,78945,22156],{"class":850},[55,78947,120],{"class":69},[55,78949,74],{"class":73},[55,78951,49],{"class":77},[55,78953,74],{"class":73},[55,78955,103],{"class":69},[55,78957,78958,78960,78962,78964],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,78959,812],{"class":61},[55,78961,198],{"class":69},[55,78963,34399],{"class":123},[55,78965,8239],{"class":69},[55,78967,78968],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,78969,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,78971,78972,78974,78976,78978],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,78973,117],{"class":116},[55,78975,120],{"class":69},[55,78977,812],{"class":123},[55,78979,103],{"class":69},[14,78981,314],{},[45,78983,78985],{"className":47,"code":78984,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[52,78986,78987],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,78988,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,78990,127],{"class":69},[55,78992,2889],{"class":73},[55,78994,60035],{"class":77},[55,78996,2889],{"class":73},[55,78998,83],{"class":69},[55,79000,2884],{"class":73},[55,79002,75621],{"class":77},[55,79004,2889],{"class":73},[55,79006,83],{"class":69},[55,79008,2884],{"class":73},[55,79010,60070],{"class":77},[55,79012,2889],{"class":73},[55,79014,83],{"class":69},[55,79016,2884],{"class":73},[55,79018,14],{"class":77},[55,79020,2889],{"class":73},[55,79022,83],{"class":69},[55,79024,2884],{"class":73},[55,79026,62882],{"class":77},[55,79028,2889],{"class":73},[55,79030,83],{"class":69},[55,79032,2884],{"class":73},[55,79034,11344],{"class":77},[55,79036,2889],{"class":73},[55,79038,386],{"class":69},[1425,79040,79042,79043,79045],{"id":79041},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[52,79044,14438],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[14,79047,79048,79049,198],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[52,79050,14438],{},[14,79052,79053,79054,79056],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[52,79055,63907],{}," will not do that:",[45,79058,79060],{"className":47,"code":79059,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,79061,79062,79094,79112,79116],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79063,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79065,3661],{"class":61},[55,79067,66],{"class":65},[55,79069,3211],{"class":69},[55,79071,74],{"class":73},[55,79073,416],{"class":77},[55,79075,74],{"class":73},[55,79077,83],{"class":69},[55,79079,86],{"class":73},[55,79081,37955],{"class":77},[55,79083,74],{"class":73},[55,79085,83],{"class":69},[55,79087,86],{"class":73},[55,79089,407],{"class":77},[55,79091,74],{"class":73},[55,79093,386],{"class":69},[55,79095,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,79097,3702],{"class":61},[55,79099,198],{"class":69},[55,79101,34399],{"class":123},[55,79103,120],{"class":69},[55,79105,14438],{"class":8773},[55,79107,66],{"class":65},[55,79109,940],{"class":116},[55,79111,103],{"class":69},[55,79113,79114],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,79115,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,79117,79118,79120,79122,79124],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,79119,117],{"class":116},[55,79121,120],{"class":69},[55,79123,3702],{"class":123},[55,79125,103],{"class":69},[1425,79127,79129],{"id":79128},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[14,79131,79132],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[45,79134,79136],{"className":47,"code":79135,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,79137,79138,79172,79182,79186],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79139,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79168,79170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79141,3661],{"class":61},[55,79143,66],{"class":65},[55,79145,3211],{"class":69},[55,79147,74],{"class":73},[55,79149,79150],{"class":77},"zebra",[55,79152,74],{"class":73},[55,79154,83],{"class":69},[55,79156,86],{"class":73},[55,79158,57365],{"class":77},[55,79160,74],{"class":73},[55,79162,83],{"class":69},[55,79164,86],{"class":73},[55,79166,79167],{"class":77},"monkey",[55,79169,74],{"class":73},[55,79171,386],{"class":69},[55,79173,79174,79176,79178,79180],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,79175,3702],{"class":61},[55,79177,198],{"class":69},[55,79179,34399],{"class":123},[55,79181,8239],{"class":69},[55,79183,79184],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,79185,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,79187,79188,79190,79192,79194],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,79189,117],{"class":116},[55,79191,120],{"class":69},[55,79193,3702],{"class":123},[55,79195,103],{"class":69},[14,79197,314],{},[45,79199,79201],{"className":47,"code":79200,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[52,79202,79203],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79204,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79206,127],{"class":69},[55,79208,2889],{"class":73},[55,79210,57365],{"class":77},[55,79212,2889],{"class":73},[55,79214,83],{"class":69},[55,79216,2884],{"class":73},[55,79218,79167],{"class":77},[55,79220,2889],{"class":73},[55,79222,83],{"class":69},[55,79224,2884],{"class":73},[55,79226,79150],{"class":77},[55,79228,2889],{"class":73},[55,79230,386],{"class":69},[14,79232,1440,79233,79235],{},[52,79234,78175],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[1425,79237,60307],{"id":60306},[14,79239,79240],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[45,79242,79244],{"className":47,"code":79243,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[52,79245,79246,79256,79270,79284,79298],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79247,79248,79250,79252,79254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79249,117],{"class":116},[55,79251,120],{"class":69},[55,79253,7934],{"class":123},[55,79255,103],{"class":69},[55,79257,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,79259,117],{"class":116},[55,79261,120],{"class":69},[55,79263,1396],{"class":850},[55,79265,120],{"class":69},[55,79267,7934],{"class":123},[55,79269,1357],{"class":69},[55,79271,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,79273,117],{"class":116},[55,79275,120],{"class":69},[55,79277,7934],{"class":123},[55,79279,198],{"class":69},[55,79281,34399],{"class":123},[55,79283,6788],{"class":69},[55,79285,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,79287,117],{"class":116},[55,79289,120],{"class":69},[55,79291,74105],{"class":116},[55,79293,120],{"class":69},[55,79295,7934],{"class":123},[55,79297,1357],{"class":69},[55,79299,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,79301,117],{"class":116},[55,79303,2573],{"class":69},[55,79305,1396],{"class":850},[55,79307,120],{"class":69},[55,79309,22907],{"class":123},[55,79311,970],{"class":69},[55,79313,3468],{"class":959},[55,79315,5554],{"class":123},[55,79317,3474],{"class":959},[55,79319,7990],{"class":123},[55,79321,282],{"class":69},[14,79323,10768],{},[21,79325,79326,79329,79332,79339,79345],{},[24,79327,79328],{},"What values are in the list",[24,79330,79331],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[24,79333,79334,79335,1981,79337],{},"That ",[52,79336,63907],{},[52,79338,3368],{},[24,79340,79341,79342,79344],{},"Whether ",[52,79343,74015],{}," works better for your case",[24,79346,79347],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[14,79349,79350,79351,79353],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[52,79352,2592],{}," problems.",[37,79355,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,79357,12304,79359,55065],{"id":79358},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[52,79360,77457],{},[14,79362,62198,79363,198],{},[52,79364,3368],{},[1425,79366,4771,79368,3983,79370,2078],{"id":79367},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[52,79369,63907],{},[52,79371,74015],{},[14,79373,79374,79376,79377,79379],{},[52,79375,63907],{}," changes the list itself. ",[52,79378,74015],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[1425,79381,79383],{"id":79382},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[14,79385,18292],{},[45,79387,79389],{"className":47,"code":79388,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[52,79390,79391],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79392,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79394,7934],{"class":61},[55,79396,198],{"class":69},[55,79398,34399],{"class":123},[55,79400,120],{"class":69},[55,79402,73168],{"class":8773},[55,79404,66],{"class":65},[55,79406,3194],{"class":3443},[55,79408,103],{"class":69},[1425,79410,79412],{"id":79411},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[14,79414,18292],{},[45,79416,79418],{"className":47,"code":79417,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[52,79419,79420],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79421,79422,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79423,7934],{"class":61},[55,79425,198],{"class":69},[55,79427,34399],{"class":123},[55,79429,120],{"class":69},[55,79431,14438],{"class":8773},[55,79433,66],{"class":65},[55,79435,3032],{"class":850},[55,79437,198],{"class":69},[55,79439,8236],{"class":24347},[55,79441,103],{"class":69},[14,79443,79444],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[1425,79446,79448,79449,79451],{"id":79447},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[52,79450,2592],{}," when sorting?",[14,79453,79454],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[37,79456,1495],{"id":1494},[21,79458,79459,79464,79470,79474],{},[24,79460,79461],{},[194,79462,79463],{"href":77966},"How to sort a list in Python",[24,79465,79466],{},[194,79467,3165,79468,5376],{"href":74112},[52,79469,74015],{},[24,79471,79472],{},[194,79473,66672],{"href":50575},[24,79475,79476],{},[194,79477,78716],{"href":78715},[1524,79479,79480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":79482},[79483,79484,79486,79487,79488,79489,79491,79493,79504,79514],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":77523,"depth":106,"text":79485},"What list.sort() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":77778,"depth":106,"text":77779},{"id":77970,"depth":106,"text":77971},{"id":78292,"depth":106,"text":79490},"Using the key argument",{"id":78557,"depth":106,"text":79492},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":79494},[79495,79497,79498,79500,79502,79503],{"id":78726,"depth":113,"text":79496},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78835,"depth":113,"text":78836},{"id":78887,"depth":113,"text":79499},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79041,"depth":113,"text":79501},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79128,"depth":113,"text":79129},{"id":60306,"depth":113,"text":60307},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":79505},[79506,79508,79510,79511,79512],{"id":79358,"depth":113,"text":79507},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79367,"depth":113,"text":79509},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79382,"depth":113,"text":79383},{"id":79411,"depth":113,"text":79412},{"id":79447,"depth":113,"text":79513},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77445,"description":79515},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79522,"title":79523,"body":79524,"description":82155,"extension":1546,"meta":82156,"navigation":109,"path":82157,"seo":82158,"stem":82159,"__hash__":82160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79525,"toc":82114},[79526,79531,79536,79539,79550,79553,79573,79575,79637,79639,79680,79689,79694,79699,79705,79716,79718,79737,79740,79745,79750,79752,79757,79771,79773,79791,79794,79811,79814,79820,79843,79848,79850,79853,79914,79916,79949,79951,79990,79998,80008,80014,80019,80112,80114,80138,80140,80158,80161,80192,80198,80203,80206,80208,80333,80335,80359,80361,80380,80386,80392,80511,80513,80530,80537,80543,80548,80555,80561,80563,80620,80623,80644,80647,80650,80711,80713,80746,80750,80820,80822,80839,80843,80846,80921,80923,80960,80963,80966,81037,81039,81100,81105,81110,81113,81127,81129,81202,81204,81224,81227,81230,81287,81349,81352,81384,81387,81402,81407,81409,81415,81418,81474,81477,81479,81498,81502,81504,81548,81557,81559,81619,81623,81626,81628,81721,81723,81838,81842,81844,81918,81921,81924,81926,81931,81996,81998,82022,82032,82034,82040,82049,82058,82067,82073,82076,82080,82083,82085,82111],[10,79527,3165,79529,3169],{"id":79528},"python-map-function-explained",[52,79530,39312],{},[14,79532,3172,79533,79535],{},[52,79534,39312],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79537,79538],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[21,79540,79541,79544,79547],{},[24,79542,79543],{},"converting numbers to strings",[24,79545,79546],{},"changing strings to integers",[24,79548,79549],{},"doubling every value in a list",[14,79551,79552],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[21,79554,79555,79562,79568],{},[24,79556,79557,13650,79559,79561],{},[52,79558,39312],{},[3332,79560,4222],{}," return a list in Python 3",[24,79563,79564,79565],{},"it returns a ",[3332,79566,79567],{},"map object",[24,79569,79570,79571],{},"you often convert that result with ",[52,79572,24378],{},[37,79574,1588],{"id":1587},[45,79576,79578],{"className":47,"code":79577,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,79579,79580,79604,79623],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79581,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79583,243],{"class":61},[55,79585,66],{"class":65},[55,79587,3211],{"class":69},[55,79589,152],{"class":130},[55,79591,83],{"class":69},[55,79593,976],{"class":130},[55,79595,83],{"class":69},[55,79597,2036],{"class":130},[55,79599,83],{"class":69},[55,79601,2042],{"class":130},[55,79603,386],{"class":69},[55,79605,79606,79608,79610,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,79607,1814],{"class":61},[55,79609,66],{"class":65},[55,79611,79612],{"class":116}," map",[55,79614,120],{"class":69},[55,79616,3032],{"class":850},[55,79618,83],{"class":69},[55,79620,3852],{"class":123},[55,79622,103],{"class":69},[55,79624,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,79626,117],{"class":116},[55,79628,120],{"class":69},[55,79630,7688],{"class":850},[55,79632,120],{"class":69},[55,79634,1849],{"class":123},[55,79636,1357],{"class":69},[14,79638,314],{},[45,79640,79642],{"className":47,"code":79641,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[52,79643,79644],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79645,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79647,127],{"class":69},[55,79649,2889],{"class":73},[55,79651,152],{"class":77},[55,79653,2889],{"class":73},[55,79655,83],{"class":69},[55,79657,2884],{"class":73},[55,79659,309],{"class":77},[55,79661,2889],{"class":73},[55,79663,83],{"class":69},[55,79665,2884],{"class":73},[55,79667,609],{"class":77},[55,79669,2889],{"class":73},[55,79671,83],{"class":69},[55,79673,2884],{"class":73},[55,79675,2091],{"class":77},[55,79677,2889],{"class":73},[55,79679,386],{"class":69},[14,79681,1440,79682,79685,79686,79688],{},[52,79683,79684],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[52,79687,24378],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[37,79690,3265,79692,3268],{"id":79691},"what-map-does",[52,79693,39312],{},[14,79695,79696,79698],{},[52,79697,39312],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[14,79700,79701,79702,79704],{},"An ",[3332,79703,3309],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[21,79706,79707,79709,79711,79713],{},[24,79708,37498],{},[24,79710,37501],{},[24,79712,37504],{},[24,79714,79715],{},"a range object",[14,79717,30323],{},[45,79719,79721],{"className":47,"code":79720,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"map(function, iterable)\n",[52,79722,79723],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79724,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79726,39455],{"class":116},[55,79728,120],{"class":69},[55,79730,37457],{"class":123},[55,79732,83],{"class":69},[55,79734,37462],{"class":123},[55,79736,103],{"class":69},[14,79738,79739],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[14,79741,79742,79743,33341],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3332,79744,79567],{},[14,79746,79747,79748,198],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[194,79749,4727],{"href":4726},[37,79751,1740],{"id":1739},[14,79753,79754,79756],{},[52,79755,39312],{}," needs at least two parts:",[21,79758,79759,79765],{},[24,79760,79761,79764],{},[3332,79762,79763],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[24,79766,79767,79770],{},[3332,79768,79769],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[14,79772,3294],{},[45,79774,79775],{"className":47,"code":79720,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,79776,79777],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79778,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79780,39455],{"class":116},[55,79782,120],{"class":69},[55,79784,37457],{"class":123},[55,79786,83],{"class":69},[55,79788,37462],{"class":123},[55,79790,103],{"class":69},[14,79792,79793],{},"You can pass:",[21,79795,79796,79805,79808],{},[24,79797,79798,79799,1773,79801,1777,79803],{},"built-in functions like ",[52,79800,3032],{},[52,79802,1772],{},[52,79804,1602],{},[24,79806,79807],{},"your own custom function",[24,79809,79810],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[14,79812,79813],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[14,79815,79816,79817,79819],{},"You will often see ",[52,79818,39312],{}," used like this:",[45,79821,79823],{"className":47,"code":79822,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list(map(function, values))\n",[52,79824,79825],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79826,79827,79829,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79828,7688],{"class":850},[55,79830,120],{"class":69},[55,79832,39455],{"class":116},[55,79834,120],{"class":69},[55,79836,37457],{"class":123},[55,79838,83],{"class":69},[55,79840,3477],{"class":123},[55,79842,1357],{"class":69},[14,79844,6272,79845,79847],{},[52,79846,24378],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[37,79849,11073],{"id":11072},[14,79851,79852],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[45,79854,79856],{"className":47,"code":79855,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,79857,79858,79878,79896,79900],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79859,79860,79862,79864,79866,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79861,243],{"class":61},[55,79863,66],{"class":65},[55,79865,3211],{"class":69},[55,79867,250],{"class":130},[55,79869,83],{"class":69},[55,79871,255],{"class":130},[55,79873,83],{"class":69},[55,79875,260],{"class":130},[55,79877,386],{"class":69},[55,79879,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,79881,1814],{"class":61},[55,79883,66],{"class":65},[55,79885,79612],{"class":116},[55,79887,120],{"class":69},[55,79889,3032],{"class":850},[55,79891,83],{"class":69},[55,79893,3852],{"class":123},[55,79895,103],{"class":69},[55,79897,79898],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,79899,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,79901,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,79903,117],{"class":116},[55,79905,120],{"class":69},[55,79907,7688],{"class":850},[55,79909,120],{"class":69},[55,79911,1849],{"class":123},[55,79913,1357],{"class":69},[14,79915,314],{},[45,79917,79919],{"className":47,"code":79918,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[52,79920,79921],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,79922,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,79924,127],{"class":69},[55,79926,2889],{"class":73},[55,79928,250],{"class":77},[55,79930,2889],{"class":73},[55,79932,83],{"class":69},[55,79934,2884],{"class":73},[55,79936,1149],{"class":77},[55,79938,2889],{"class":73},[55,79940,83],{"class":69},[55,79942,2884],{"class":73},[55,79944,36437],{"class":77},[55,79946,2889],{"class":73},[55,79948,386],{"class":69},[14,79950,11282],{},[21,79952,79953,79958,79966,79974,79982],{},[24,79954,79955,79957],{},[52,79956,275],{}," contains integers",[24,79959,79960,79963,79964],{},[52,79961,79962],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[52,79965,47281],{},[24,79967,79968,41752,79971],{},[52,79969,79970],{},"str(10)",[52,79972,79973],{},"'10'",[24,79975,79976,41752,79979],{},[52,79977,79978],{},"str(20)",[52,79980,79981],{},"'20'",[24,79983,79984,41752,79987],{},[52,79985,79986],{},"str(30)",[52,79988,79989],{},"'30'",[14,79991,53249,79992,79994,79995,79997],{},[52,79993,39312],{}," applies ",[52,79996,47281],{}," one item at a time.",[14,79999,80000,80001,80003,80004,198],{},"If you want to understand ",[52,80002,24378],{}," better, see ",[194,80005,3165,80006,3098],{"href":64443},[52,80007,24378],{},[37,80009,8012,80011,80013],{"id":80010},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[52,80012,39312],{}," with your own function",[14,80015,15312,80016,80018],{},[52,80017,39312],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[45,80020,80022],{"className":47,"code":80021,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,80023,80024,80037,80047,80051,80075,80094,80098],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80025,80026,80028,80031,80033,80035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80027,34451],{"class":1648},[55,80029,80030],{"class":34454}," double",[55,80032,120],{"class":69},[55,80034,1757],{"class":37259},[55,80036,839],{"class":69},[55,80038,80039,80041,80043,80045],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80040,34462],{"class":959},[55,80042,3471],{"class":61},[55,80044,39468],{"class":65},[55,80046,45187],{"class":130},[55,80048,80049],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80050,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80052,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,80054,243],{"class":61},[55,80056,66],{"class":65},[55,80058,3211],{"class":69},[55,80060,152],{"class":130},[55,80062,83],{"class":69},[55,80064,976],{"class":130},[55,80066,83],{"class":69},[55,80068,2036],{"class":130},[55,80070,83],{"class":69},[55,80072,2042],{"class":130},[55,80074,386],{"class":69},[55,80076,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80088,80090,80092],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,80078,1814],{"class":61},[55,80080,66],{"class":65},[55,80082,79612],{"class":116},[55,80084,120],{"class":69},[55,80086,80087],{"class":123},"double",[55,80089,83],{"class":69},[55,80091,3852],{"class":123},[55,80093,103],{"class":69},[55,80095,80096],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,80097,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80099,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,80101,117],{"class":116},[55,80103,120],{"class":69},[55,80105,7688],{"class":850},[55,80107,120],{"class":69},[55,80109,1849],{"class":123},[55,80111,1357],{"class":69},[14,80113,314],{},[45,80115,80116],{"className":47,"code":39481,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,80117,80118],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80119,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80121,127],{"class":69},[55,80123,309],{"class":130},[55,80125,83],{"class":69},[55,80127,2042],{"class":130},[55,80129,83],{"class":69},[55,80131,37240],{"class":130},[55,80133,83],{"class":69},[55,80135,5954],{"class":130},[55,80137,386],{"class":69},[14,80139,65180],{},[21,80141,80142,80149,80155],{},[24,80143,80144,80146,80147],{},[52,80145,39312],{}," takes the function ",[52,80148,80087],{},[24,80150,80151,80152,80154],{},"it sends each item from ",[52,80153,275],{}," into that function",[24,80156,80157],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[14,80159,80160],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[21,80162,80163,80170,80177,80185],{},[24,80164,80165,5666,80168],{},[52,80166,80167],{},"double(1)",[52,80169,309],{},[24,80171,80172,5666,80175],{},[52,80173,80174],{},"double(2)",[52,80176,2091],{},[24,80178,80179,5666,80182],{},[52,80180,80181],{},"double(3)",[52,80183,80184],{},"6",[24,80186,80187,5666,80190],{},[52,80188,80189],{},"double(4)",[52,80191,1930],{},[37,80193,8012,80195,80197],{"id":80194},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[52,80196,39312],{}," with multiple iterables",[14,80199,80200,80202],{},[52,80201,39312],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[14,80204,80205],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[14,80207,233],{},[45,80209,80211],{"className":47,"code":80210,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,80212,80213,80230,80240,80244,80265,80286,80290,80315,80319],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80214,80215,80217,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80216,34451],{"class":1648},[55,80218,80219],{"class":34454}," add_numbers",[55,80221,120],{"class":69},[55,80223,194],{"class":37259},[55,80225,83],{"class":69},[55,80227,2146],{"class":37259},[55,80229,839],{"class":69},[55,80231,80232,80234,80236,80238],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80233,34462],{"class":959},[55,80235,44142],{"class":61},[55,80237,1643],{"class":65},[55,80239,35779],{"class":61},[55,80241,80242],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80243,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80245,80246,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,80247,80248],{"class":61},"list1 ",[55,80250,66],{"class":65},[55,80252,3211],{"class":69},[55,80254,152],{"class":130},[55,80256,83],{"class":69},[55,80258,976],{"class":130},[55,80260,83],{"class":69},[55,80262,2036],{"class":130},[55,80264,386],{"class":69},[55,80266,80267,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,80268,80269],{"class":61},"list2 ",[55,80271,66],{"class":65},[55,80273,3211],{"class":69},[55,80275,250],{"class":130},[55,80277,83],{"class":69},[55,80279,255],{"class":130},[55,80281,83],{"class":69},[55,80283,260],{"class":130},[55,80285,386],{"class":69},[55,80287,80288],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,80289,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80291,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80303,80305,80308,80310,80313],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,80293,1814],{"class":61},[55,80295,66],{"class":65},[55,80297,79612],{"class":116},[55,80299,120],{"class":69},[55,80301,80302],{"class":123},"add_numbers",[55,80304,83],{"class":69},[55,80306,80307],{"class":123}," list1",[55,80309,83],{"class":69},[55,80311,80312],{"class":123}," list2",[55,80314,103],{"class":69},[55,80316,80317],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,80318,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80320,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,80322,117],{"class":116},[55,80324,120],{"class":69},[55,80326,7688],{"class":850},[55,80328,120],{"class":69},[55,80330,1849],{"class":123},[55,80332,1357],{"class":69},[14,80334,314],{},[45,80336,80338],{"className":47,"code":80337,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[52,80339,80340],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80341,80342,80344,80347,80349,80352,80354,80357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80343,127],{"class":69},[55,80345,80346],{"class":130},"11",[55,80348,83],{"class":69},[55,80350,80351],{"class":130}," 22",[55,80353,83],{"class":69},[55,80355,80356],{"class":130}," 33",[55,80358,386],{"class":69},[14,80360,1762],{},[21,80362,80363,80369,80375],{},[24,80364,80365,80366],{},"the first values are used together: ",[52,80367,80368],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[24,80370,80371,80372],{},"then ",[52,80373,80374],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[24,80376,80371,80377],{},[52,80378,80379],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[1425,80381,80383,80385],{"id":80382},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[52,80384,39312],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[14,80387,80388,80389,80391],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[52,80390,39312],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[45,80393,80395],{"className":47,"code":80394,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,80396,80397,80413,80423,80427,80451,80467,80471,80493,80497],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80398,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409,80411],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80400,34451],{"class":1648},[55,80402,80219],{"class":34454},[55,80404,120],{"class":69},[55,80406,194],{"class":37259},[55,80408,83],{"class":69},[55,80410,2146],{"class":37259},[55,80412,839],{"class":69},[55,80414,80415,80417,80419,80421],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80416,34462],{"class":959},[55,80418,44142],{"class":61},[55,80420,1643],{"class":65},[55,80422,35779],{"class":61},[55,80424,80425],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80426,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80428,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,80430,80248],{"class":61},[55,80432,66],{"class":65},[55,80434,3211],{"class":69},[55,80436,152],{"class":130},[55,80438,83],{"class":69},[55,80440,976],{"class":130},[55,80442,83],{"class":69},[55,80444,2036],{"class":130},[55,80446,83],{"class":69},[55,80448,2042],{"class":130},[55,80450,386],{"class":69},[55,80452,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,80454,80269],{"class":61},[55,80456,66],{"class":65},[55,80458,3211],{"class":69},[55,80460,250],{"class":130},[55,80462,83],{"class":69},[55,80464,255],{"class":130},[55,80466,386],{"class":69},[55,80468,80469],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,80470,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80472,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,80474,1814],{"class":61},[55,80476,66],{"class":65},[55,80478,79612],{"class":116},[55,80480,120],{"class":69},[55,80482,80302],{"class":123},[55,80484,83],{"class":69},[55,80486,80307],{"class":123},[55,80488,83],{"class":69},[55,80490,80312],{"class":123},[55,80492,103],{"class":69},[55,80494,80495],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,80496,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80498,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,80500,117],{"class":116},[55,80502,120],{"class":69},[55,80504,7688],{"class":850},[55,80506,120],{"class":69},[55,80508,1849],{"class":123},[55,80510,1357],{"class":69},[14,80512,314],{},[45,80514,80516],{"className":47,"code":80515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[11, 22]\n",[52,80517,80518],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80519,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80521,127],{"class":69},[55,80523,80346],{"class":130},[55,80525,83],{"class":69},[55,80527,80351],{"class":130},[55,80529,386],{"class":69},[14,80531,80532,80533,80536],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[52,80534,80535],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[37,80538,80540,80542],{"id":80539},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[52,80541,39312],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[14,80544,37620,80545,80547],{},[52,80546,39312],{}," returns a map object.",[14,80549,80550,80551,80554],{},"This object is ",[3332,80552,80553],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[1425,80556,2074,80558,80560],{"id":80557},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[52,80559,32626],{}," looks strange",[14,80562,33242],{},[45,80564,80566],{"className":47,"code":80565,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,80567,80568,80588,80606,80610],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80569,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80571,243],{"class":61},[55,80573,66],{"class":65},[55,80575,3211],{"class":69},[55,80577,152],{"class":130},[55,80579,83],{"class":69},[55,80581,976],{"class":130},[55,80583,83],{"class":69},[55,80585,2036],{"class":130},[55,80587,386],{"class":69},[55,80589,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598,80600,80602,80604],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80591,1814],{"class":61},[55,80593,66],{"class":65},[55,80595,79612],{"class":116},[55,80597,120],{"class":69},[55,80599,3032],{"class":850},[55,80601,83],{"class":69},[55,80603,3852],{"class":123},[55,80605,103],{"class":69},[55,80607,80608],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80609,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80611,80612,80614,80616,80618],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,80613,117],{"class":116},[55,80615,120],{"class":69},[55,80617,1849],{"class":123},[55,80619,103],{"class":69},[14,80621,80622],{},"Output will look something like this:",[45,80624,80626],{"className":47,"code":80625,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[52,80627,80628],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80629,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80631,2878],{"class":65},[55,80633,39455],{"class":116},[55,80635,24214],{"class":850},[55,80637,36960],{"class":61},[55,80639,36964],{"class":36963},[55,80641,36967],{"class":844},[55,80643,2892],{"class":65},[14,80645,80646],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[14,80648,80649],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[45,80651,80653],{"className":47,"code":80652,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,80654,80655,80675,80693,80697],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80656,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80658,243],{"class":61},[55,80660,66],{"class":65},[55,80662,3211],{"class":69},[55,80664,152],{"class":130},[55,80666,83],{"class":69},[55,80668,976],{"class":130},[55,80670,83],{"class":69},[55,80672,2036],{"class":130},[55,80674,386],{"class":69},[55,80676,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80678,1814],{"class":61},[55,80680,66],{"class":65},[55,80682,79612],{"class":116},[55,80684,120],{"class":69},[55,80686,3032],{"class":850},[55,80688,83],{"class":69},[55,80690,3852],{"class":123},[55,80692,103],{"class":69},[55,80694,80695],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80696,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80698,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,80700,117],{"class":116},[55,80702,120],{"class":69},[55,80704,7688],{"class":850},[55,80706,120],{"class":69},[55,80708,1849],{"class":123},[55,80710,1357],{"class":69},[14,80712,314],{},[45,80714,80716],{"className":47,"code":80715,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[52,80717,80718],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80719,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80721,127],{"class":69},[55,80723,2889],{"class":73},[55,80725,152],{"class":77},[55,80727,2889],{"class":73},[55,80729,83],{"class":69},[55,80731,2884],{"class":73},[55,80733,309],{"class":77},[55,80735,2889],{"class":73},[55,80737,83],{"class":69},[55,80739,2884],{"class":73},[55,80741,609],{"class":77},[55,80743,2889],{"class":73},[55,80745,386],{"class":69},[1425,80747,80749],{"id":80748},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[45,80751,80753],{"className":47,"code":80752,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[52,80754,80755,80775,80793,80797,80810],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80756,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80758,243],{"class":61},[55,80760,66],{"class":65},[55,80762,3211],{"class":69},[55,80764,152],{"class":130},[55,80766,83],{"class":69},[55,80768,976],{"class":130},[55,80770,83],{"class":69},[55,80772,2036],{"class":130},[55,80774,386],{"class":69},[55,80776,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80778,1814],{"class":61},[55,80780,66],{"class":65},[55,80782,79612],{"class":116},[55,80784,120],{"class":69},[55,80786,3032],{"class":850},[55,80788,83],{"class":69},[55,80790,3852],{"class":123},[55,80792,103],{"class":69},[55,80794,80795],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80796,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80798,80799,80801,80803,80805,80808],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,80800,5551],{"class":959},[55,80802,5554],{"class":61},[55,80804,3474],{"class":959},[55,80806,80807],{"class":61}," result",[55,80809,979],{"class":69},[55,80811,80812,80814,80816,80818],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,80813,985],{"class":116},[55,80815,120],{"class":69},[55,80817,22907],{"class":123},[55,80819,103],{"class":69},[14,80821,314],{},[45,80823,80825],{"className":47,"code":80824,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1\n2\n3\n",[52,80826,80827,80831,80835],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80828,80829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80830,46515],{"class":130},[55,80832,80833],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80834,16654],{"class":130},[55,80836,80837],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80838,46215],{"class":130},[1425,80840,80842],{"id":80841},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[14,80844,80845],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[45,80847,80849],{"className":47,"code":80848,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,80850,80851,80871,80889,80893,80907],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80852,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80854,243],{"class":61},[55,80856,66],{"class":65},[55,80858,3211],{"class":69},[55,80860,152],{"class":130},[55,80862,83],{"class":69},[55,80864,976],{"class":130},[55,80866,83],{"class":69},[55,80868,2036],{"class":130},[55,80870,386],{"class":69},[55,80872,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80874,1814],{"class":61},[55,80876,66],{"class":65},[55,80878,79612],{"class":116},[55,80880,120],{"class":69},[55,80882,3032],{"class":850},[55,80884,83],{"class":69},[55,80886,3852],{"class":123},[55,80888,103],{"class":69},[55,80890,80891],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,80892,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,80894,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,80896,117],{"class":116},[55,80898,120],{"class":69},[55,80900,7688],{"class":850},[55,80902,120],{"class":69},[55,80904,1849],{"class":123},[55,80906,1357],{"class":69},[55,80908,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,80910,117],{"class":116},[55,80912,120],{"class":69},[55,80914,7688],{"class":850},[55,80916,120],{"class":69},[55,80918,1849],{"class":123},[55,80920,1357],{"class":69},[14,80922,314],{},[45,80924,80926],{"className":47,"code":80925,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[52,80927,80928,80956],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80929,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80931,127],{"class":69},[55,80933,2889],{"class":73},[55,80935,152],{"class":77},[55,80937,2889],{"class":73},[55,80939,83],{"class":69},[55,80941,2884],{"class":73},[55,80943,309],{"class":77},[55,80945,2889],{"class":73},[55,80947,83],{"class":69},[55,80949,2884],{"class":73},[55,80951,609],{"class":77},[55,80953,2889],{"class":73},[55,80955,386],{"class":69},[55,80957,80958],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80959,37894],{"class":69},[14,80961,80962],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[14,80964,80965],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[45,80967,80969],{"className":47,"code":80968,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[52,80970,80971,80991,81013,81017,81027],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,80972,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,80974,243],{"class":61},[55,80976,66],{"class":65},[55,80978,3211],{"class":69},[55,80980,152],{"class":130},[55,80982,83],{"class":69},[55,80984,976],{"class":130},[55,80986,83],{"class":69},[55,80988,2036],{"class":130},[55,80990,386],{"class":69},[55,80992,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,80994,1814],{"class":61},[55,80996,66],{"class":65},[55,80998,22156],{"class":850},[55,81000,120],{"class":69},[55,81002,39455],{"class":116},[55,81004,120],{"class":69},[55,81006,3032],{"class":850},[55,81008,83],{"class":69},[55,81010,3852],{"class":123},[55,81012,1357],{"class":69},[55,81014,81015],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81016,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81018,81019,81021,81023,81025],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81020,117],{"class":116},[55,81022,120],{"class":69},[55,81024,1849],{"class":123},[55,81026,103],{"class":69},[55,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,81030,117],{"class":116},[55,81032,120],{"class":69},[55,81034,1849],{"class":123},[55,81036,103],{"class":69},[14,81038,314],{},[45,81040,81042],{"className":47,"code":81041,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[52,81043,81044,81072],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81045,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81047,127],{"class":69},[55,81049,2889],{"class":73},[55,81051,152],{"class":77},[55,81053,2889],{"class":73},[55,81055,83],{"class":69},[55,81057,2884],{"class":73},[55,81059,309],{"class":77},[55,81061,2889],{"class":73},[55,81063,83],{"class":69},[55,81065,2884],{"class":73},[55,81067,609],{"class":77},[55,81069,2889],{"class":73},[55,81071,386],{"class":69},[55,81073,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81075,127],{"class":69},[55,81077,2889],{"class":73},[55,81079,152],{"class":77},[55,81081,2889],{"class":73},[55,81083,83],{"class":69},[55,81085,2884],{"class":73},[55,81087,309],{"class":77},[55,81089,2889],{"class":73},[55,81091,83],{"class":69},[55,81093,2884],{"class":73},[55,81095,609],{"class":77},[55,81097,2889],{"class":73},[55,81099,386],{"class":69},[37,81101,4553,81103],{"id":81102},"when-to-use-map",[52,81104,39312],{},[14,81106,81107,81109],{},[52,81108,39312],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[14,81111,81112],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[21,81114,81115,81119,81123],{},[24,81116,81117],{},[52,81118,3032],{},[24,81120,81121],{},[52,81122,1772],{},[24,81124,81125],{},[52,81126,1602],{},[14,81128,233],{},[45,81130,81132],{"className":47,"code":81131,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,81133,81134,81166,81188,81192],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81135,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81137,3413],{"class":61},[55,81139,66],{"class":65},[55,81141,3211],{"class":69},[55,81143,2889],{"class":73},[55,81145,152],{"class":77},[55,81147,2889],{"class":73},[55,81149,83],{"class":69},[55,81151,2884],{"class":73},[55,81153,309],{"class":77},[55,81155,2889],{"class":73},[55,81157,83],{"class":69},[55,81159,2884],{"class":73},[55,81161,609],{"class":77},[55,81163,2889],{"class":73},[55,81165,386],{"class":69},[55,81167,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81169,243],{"class":61},[55,81171,66],{"class":65},[55,81173,22156],{"class":850},[55,81175,120],{"class":69},[55,81177,39455],{"class":116},[55,81179,120],{"class":69},[55,81181,1772],{"class":850},[55,81183,83],{"class":69},[55,81185,3477],{"class":123},[55,81187,1357],{"class":69},[55,81189,81190],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81191,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81193,81194,81196,81198,81200],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81195,117],{"class":116},[55,81197,120],{"class":69},[55,81199,275],{"class":123},[55,81201,103],{"class":69},[14,81203,314],{},[45,81205,81206],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,81207,81208],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81209,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81211,127],{"class":69},[55,81213,152],{"class":130},[55,81215,83],{"class":69},[55,81217,976],{"class":130},[55,81219,83],{"class":69},[55,81221,2036],{"class":130},[55,81223,386],{"class":69},[14,81225,81226],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[14,81228,81229],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[45,81231,81233],{"className":47,"code":81232,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[52,81234,81235,81255,81277],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81236,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81238,243],{"class":61},[55,81240,66],{"class":65},[55,81242,3211],{"class":69},[55,81244,152],{"class":130},[55,81246,83],{"class":69},[55,81248,976],{"class":130},[55,81250,83],{"class":69},[55,81252,2036],{"class":130},[55,81254,386],{"class":69},[55,81256,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81258,1814],{"class":61},[55,81260,66],{"class":65},[55,81262,22156],{"class":850},[55,81264,120],{"class":69},[55,81266,39455],{"class":116},[55,81268,120],{"class":69},[55,81270,3032],{"class":850},[55,81272,83],{"class":69},[55,81274,3852],{"class":123},[55,81276,1357],{"class":69},[55,81278,81279,81281,81283,81285],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81280,117],{"class":116},[55,81282,120],{"class":69},[55,81284,1849],{"class":123},[55,81286,103],{"class":69},[45,81288,81290],{"className":47,"code":81289,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[52,81291,81292,81312,81339],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81293,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81295,243],{"class":61},[55,81297,66],{"class":65},[55,81299,3211],{"class":69},[55,81301,152],{"class":130},[55,81303,83],{"class":69},[55,81305,976],{"class":130},[55,81307,83],{"class":69},[55,81309,2036],{"class":130},[55,81311,386],{"class":69},[55,81313,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81333,81335,81337],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81315,1814],{"class":61},[55,81317,66],{"class":65},[55,81319,3211],{"class":69},[55,81321,3032],{"class":850},[55,81323,120],{"class":69},[55,81325,75621],{"class":123},[55,81327,970],{"class":69},[55,81329,3468],{"class":959},[55,81331,81332],{"class":61}," n ",[55,81334,3474],{"class":959},[55,81336,3852],{"class":61},[55,81338,386],{"class":69},[55,81340,81341,81343,81345,81347],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81342,117],{"class":116},[55,81344,120],{"class":69},[55,81346,1849],{"class":123},[55,81348,103],{"class":69},[14,81350,81351],{},"Both produce:",[45,81353,81354],{"className":47,"code":80715,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,81355,81356],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81357,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81359,127],{"class":69},[55,81361,2889],{"class":73},[55,81363,152],{"class":77},[55,81365,2889],{"class":73},[55,81367,83],{"class":69},[55,81369,2884],{"class":73},[55,81371,309],{"class":77},[55,81373,2889],{"class":73},[55,81375,83],{"class":69},[55,81377,2884],{"class":73},[55,81379,609],{"class":77},[55,81381,2889],{"class":73},[55,81383,386],{"class":69},[14,81385,81386],{},"A simple rule:",[21,81388,81389,81394,81399],{},[24,81390,39586,81391,81393],{},[52,81392,39312],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[24,81395,39592,81396,81398],{},[52,81397,5551],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[24,81400,81401],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[14,81403,81404,81405,198],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[194,81406,3982],{"href":3981},[37,81408,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,81410,81412,81413],{"id":81411},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[52,81414,24378],{},[14,81416,81417],{},"This is very common:",[45,81419,81420],{"className":47,"code":80565,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,81421,81422,81442,81460,81464],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81423,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81425,243],{"class":61},[55,81427,66],{"class":65},[55,81429,3211],{"class":69},[55,81431,152],{"class":130},[55,81433,83],{"class":69},[55,81435,976],{"class":130},[55,81437,83],{"class":69},[55,81439,2036],{"class":130},[55,81441,386],{"class":69},[55,81443,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81445,1814],{"class":61},[55,81447,66],{"class":65},[55,81449,79612],{"class":116},[55,81451,120],{"class":69},[55,81453,3032],{"class":850},[55,81455,83],{"class":69},[55,81457,3852],{"class":123},[55,81459,103],{"class":69},[55,81461,81462],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81463,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81467,117],{"class":116},[55,81469,120],{"class":69},[55,81471,1849],{"class":123},[55,81473,103],{"class":69},[14,81475,81476],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[14,81478,38857],{},[45,81480,81482],{"className":47,"code":81481,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(result))\n",[52,81483,81484],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81485,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81487,117],{"class":116},[55,81489,120],{"class":69},[55,81491,7688],{"class":850},[55,81493,120],{"class":69},[55,81495,1849],{"class":123},[55,81497,1357],{"class":69},[1425,81499,81501],{"id":81500},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[14,81503,16241],{},[45,81505,81507],{"className":47,"code":81506,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[52,81508,81509,81529],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81510,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81512,243],{"class":61},[55,81514,66],{"class":65},[55,81516,3211],{"class":69},[55,81518,152],{"class":130},[55,81520,83],{"class":69},[55,81522,976],{"class":130},[55,81524,83],{"class":69},[55,81526,2036],{"class":130},[55,81528,386],{"class":69},[55,81530,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81544,81546],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81532,1814],{"class":61},[55,81534,66],{"class":65},[55,81536,79612],{"class":116},[55,81538,120],{"class":69},[55,81540,3032],{"class":850},[55,81542,81543],{"class":69},"(),",[55,81545,3852],{"class":123},[55,81547,103],{"class":69},[14,81549,81550,81551,81553,81554,81556],{},"This is wrong because ",[52,81552,47281],{}," is being called immediately. ",[52,81555,39312],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[14,81558,16253],{},[45,81560,81561],{"className":47,"code":80652,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,81562,81563,81583,81601,81605],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81564,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81566,243],{"class":61},[55,81568,66],{"class":65},[55,81570,3211],{"class":69},[55,81572,152],{"class":130},[55,81574,83],{"class":69},[55,81576,976],{"class":130},[55,81578,83],{"class":69},[55,81580,2036],{"class":130},[55,81582,386],{"class":69},[55,81584,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81586,1814],{"class":61},[55,81588,66],{"class":65},[55,81590,79612],{"class":116},[55,81592,120],{"class":69},[55,81594,3032],{"class":850},[55,81596,83],{"class":69},[55,81598,3852],{"class":123},[55,81600,103],{"class":69},[55,81602,81603],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81604,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81606,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81608,117],{"class":116},[55,81610,120],{"class":69},[55,81612,7688],{"class":850},[55,81614,120],{"class":69},[55,81616,1849],{"class":123},[55,81618,1357],{"class":69},[1425,81620,81622],{"id":81621},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[14,81624,81625],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[14,81627,16241],{},[45,81629,81631],{"className":47,"code":81630,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,81632,81633,81650,81660,81664,81684,81703,81707],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81634,81635,81637,81640,81642,81644,81646,81648],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81636,34451],{"class":1648},[55,81638,81639],{"class":34454}," add",[55,81641,120],{"class":69},[55,81643,194],{"class":37259},[55,81645,83],{"class":69},[55,81647,2146],{"class":37259},[55,81649,839],{"class":69},[55,81651,81652,81654,81656,81658],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81653,34462],{"class":959},[55,81655,44142],{"class":61},[55,81657,1643],{"class":65},[55,81659,35779],{"class":61},[55,81661,81662],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81663,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81665,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81667,243],{"class":61},[55,81669,66],{"class":65},[55,81671,3211],{"class":69},[55,81673,152],{"class":130},[55,81675,83],{"class":69},[55,81677,976],{"class":130},[55,81679,83],{"class":69},[55,81681,2036],{"class":130},[55,81683,386],{"class":69},[55,81685,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81697,81699,81701],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,81687,1814],{"class":61},[55,81689,66],{"class":65},[55,81691,79612],{"class":116},[55,81693,120],{"class":69},[55,81695,81696],{"class":123},"add",[55,81698,83],{"class":69},[55,81700,3852],{"class":123},[55,81702,103],{"class":69},[55,81704,81705],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,81706,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81708,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,81710,117],{"class":116},[55,81712,120],{"class":69},[55,81714,7688],{"class":850},[55,81716,120],{"class":69},[55,81718,1849],{"class":123},[55,81720,1357],{"class":69},[14,81722,16253],{},[45,81724,81726],{"className":47,"code":81725,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[52,81727,81728,81744,81754,81758,81778,81798,81820,81824],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81729,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81731,34451],{"class":1648},[55,81733,81639],{"class":34454},[55,81735,120],{"class":69},[55,81737,194],{"class":37259},[55,81739,83],{"class":69},[55,81741,2146],{"class":37259},[55,81743,839],{"class":69},[55,81745,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81747,34462],{"class":959},[55,81749,44142],{"class":61},[55,81751,1643],{"class":65},[55,81753,35779],{"class":61},[55,81755,81756],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81757,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81761,80248],{"class":61},[55,81763,66],{"class":65},[55,81765,3211],{"class":69},[55,81767,152],{"class":130},[55,81769,83],{"class":69},[55,81771,976],{"class":130},[55,81773,83],{"class":69},[55,81775,2036],{"class":130},[55,81777,386],{"class":69},[55,81779,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,81781,80269],{"class":61},[55,81783,66],{"class":65},[55,81785,3211],{"class":69},[55,81787,250],{"class":130},[55,81789,83],{"class":69},[55,81791,255],{"class":130},[55,81793,83],{"class":69},[55,81795,260],{"class":130},[55,81797,386],{"class":69},[55,81799,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,81801,1814],{"class":61},[55,81803,66],{"class":65},[55,81805,79612],{"class":116},[55,81807,120],{"class":69},[55,81809,81696],{"class":123},[55,81811,83],{"class":69},[55,81813,80307],{"class":123},[55,81815,83],{"class":69},[55,81817,80312],{"class":123},[55,81819,103],{"class":69},[55,81821,81822],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,81823,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,81827,117],{"class":116},[55,81829,120],{"class":69},[55,81831,7688],{"class":850},[55,81833,120],{"class":69},[55,81835,1849],{"class":123},[55,81837,1357],{"class":69},[1425,81839,81841],{"id":81840},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[14,81843,16241],{},[45,81845,81846],{"className":47,"code":80848,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,81847,81848,81868,81886,81890,81904],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81849,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81851,243],{"class":61},[55,81853,66],{"class":65},[55,81855,3211],{"class":69},[55,81857,152],{"class":130},[55,81859,83],{"class":69},[55,81861,976],{"class":130},[55,81863,83],{"class":69},[55,81865,2036],{"class":130},[55,81867,386],{"class":69},[55,81869,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81871,1814],{"class":61},[55,81873,66],{"class":65},[55,81875,79612],{"class":116},[55,81877,120],{"class":69},[55,81879,3032],{"class":850},[55,81881,83],{"class":69},[55,81883,3852],{"class":123},[55,81885,103],{"class":69},[55,81887,81888],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81889,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,81891,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81893,117],{"class":116},[55,81895,120],{"class":69},[55,81897,7688],{"class":850},[55,81899,120],{"class":69},[55,81901,1849],{"class":123},[55,81903,1357],{"class":69},[55,81905,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,81907,117],{"class":116},[55,81909,120],{"class":69},[55,81911,7688],{"class":850},[55,81913,120],{"class":69},[55,81915,1849],{"class":123},[55,81917,1357],{"class":69},[14,81919,81920],{},"The second result is empty.",[14,81922,81923],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[37,81925,67490],{"id":67489},[14,81927,8472,81928,81930],{},[52,81929,39312],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[45,81932,81934],{"className":47,"code":81933,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[52,81935,81936,81946,81960,81974,81986],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,81937,81938,81940,81942,81944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,81939,117],{"class":116},[55,81941,120],{"class":69},[55,81943,1849],{"class":123},[55,81945,103],{"class":69},[55,81947,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,81949,117],{"class":116},[55,81951,120],{"class":69},[55,81953,7688],{"class":850},[55,81955,120],{"class":69},[55,81957,1849],{"class":123},[55,81959,1357],{"class":69},[55,81961,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,81963,117],{"class":116},[55,81965,120],{"class":69},[55,81967,1396],{"class":850},[55,81969,120],{"class":69},[55,81971,1849],{"class":123},[55,81973,1357],{"class":69},[55,81975,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,81977,5551],{"class":959},[55,81979,5554],{"class":61},[55,81981,3474],{"class":959},[55,81983,80807],{"class":61},[55,81985,979],{"class":69},[55,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,81989,985],{"class":116},[55,81991,120],{"class":69},[55,81993,22907],{"class":123},[55,81995,103],{"class":69},[14,81997,12272],{},[21,81999,82000,82005,82010,82016],{},[24,82001,82002,82004],{},[52,82003,32626],{}," shows that you have a map object",[24,82006,82007,82009],{},[52,82008,32634],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[24,82011,82012,82015],{},[52,82013,82014],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[24,82017,82018,82019,82021],{},"looping over ",[52,82020,1849],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[14,82023,82024,82025,82028,82029,82031],{},"Be careful: ",[52,82026,82027],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[52,82030,5551],{}," loop consume the map object.",[37,82033,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,82035,12304,82037,82039],{"id":82036},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[52,82038,39312],{}," return a list in Python?",[14,82041,82042,82043,82045,82046,23535],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[52,82044,39312],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[52,82047,82048],{},"list(map(...))",[1425,82050,14500,82052,82054,82055,82057],{"id":82051},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[52,82053,39312],{}," better than a ",[52,82056,5551],{}," loop?",[14,82059,82060,82061,82063,82064,82066],{},"Not always. ",[52,82062,39312],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[52,82065,5551],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[1425,82068,4761,82070,82072],{"id":82069},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[52,82071,39312],{}," use more than one list?",[14,82074,82075],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[1425,82077,82079],{"id":82078},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[14,82081,82082],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[37,82084,1495],{"id":1494},[21,82086,82087,82093,82099,82103,82107],{},[24,82088,82089],{},[194,82090,3165,82091,3098],{"href":39681},[52,82092,37172],{},[24,82094,82095],{},[194,82096,3165,82097,3098],{"href":64443},[52,82098,24378],{},[24,82100,82101],{},[194,82102,4813],{"href":4722},[24,82104,82105],{},[194,82106,4818],{"href":3981},[24,82108,82109],{},[194,82110,4808],{"href":4726},[1524,82112,82113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":82115},[82116,82117,82119,82120,82121,82123,82128,82135,82137,82144,82145,82154],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":79691,"depth":106,"text":82118},"What map() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":80010,"depth":106,"text":82122},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80194,"depth":106,"text":82124,"children":82125},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82126],{"id":80382,"depth":113,"text":82127},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80539,"depth":106,"text":82129,"children":82130},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82131,82133,82134],{"id":80557,"depth":113,"text":82132},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80748,"depth":113,"text":80749},{"id":80841,"depth":113,"text":80842},{"id":81102,"depth":106,"text":82136},"When to use map()",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":82138},[82139,82141,82142,82143],{"id":81411,"depth":113,"text":82140},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81500,"depth":113,"text":81501},{"id":81621,"depth":113,"text":81622},{"id":81840,"depth":113,"text":81841},{"id":67489,"depth":106,"text":67490},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":82146},[82147,82149,82151,82153],{"id":82036,"depth":113,"text":82148},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82051,"depth":113,"text":82150},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82069,"depth":113,"text":82152},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82078,"depth":113,"text":82079},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79523,"description":82155},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82162,"title":82163,"body":82164,"description":84184,"extension":1546,"meta":84185,"navigation":109,"path":84186,"seo":84187,"stem":84188,"__hash__":84189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82165,"toc":84142},[82166,82172,82177,82180,82188,82191,82193,82317,82319,82337,82339,82359,82364,82368,82382,82385,82388,82390,82395,82507,82510,82528,82534,82537,82599,82601,82610,82613,82627,82629,82677,82679,82688,82698,82704,82707,82734,82736,82744,82747,82750,82820,82822,82830,82833,82838,82843,82894,82896,82904,82907,82909,82926,82928,82980,82983,82989,82993,82998,83001,83005,83064,83066,83075,83081,83090,83094,83157,83159,83167,83172,83176,83181,83261,83263,83272,83279,83284,83289,83292,83327,83329,83337,83340,83346,83348,83398,83400,83409,83412,83430,83432,83437,83443,83450,83477,83479,83502,83507,83542,83547,83553,83558,83601,83604,83607,83646,83653,83659,83664,83679,83683,83690,83693,83697,83702,83706,83711,83713,83774,83776,83805,83810,83817,83826,83828,83831,83856,83858,83961,83964,83982,83991,83993,83998,84001,84007,84010,84012,84022,84028,84032,84090,84097,84105,84107,84139],[10,82167,3165,82169,3169],{"id":82168},"python-max-function-explained",[52,82170,82171],{},"max()",[14,82173,8720,82174,82176],{},[52,82175,82171],{}," function returns the largest item.",[14,82178,82179],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[21,82181,82182,82185],{},[24,82183,82184],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[24,82186,82187],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[14,82189,82190],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[37,82192,1588],{"id":1587},[45,82194,82196],{"className":47,"code":82195,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[52,82197,82198,82222,82237,82241,82267,82271,82303],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82199,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82201,243],{"class":61},[55,82203,66],{"class":65},[55,82205,3211],{"class":69},[55,82207,609],{"class":130},[55,82209,83],{"class":69},[55,82211,5954],{"class":130},[55,82213,83],{"class":69},[55,82215,976],{"class":130},[55,82217,83],{"class":69},[55,82219,4196],{"class":130},[55,82221,386],{"class":69},[55,82223,82224,82226,82228,82231,82233,82235],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82225,117],{"class":116},[55,82227,120],{"class":69},[55,82229,82230],{"class":116},"max",[55,82232,120],{"class":69},[55,82234,275],{"class":123},[55,82236,1357],{"class":69},[55,82238,82239],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,82240,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,82244,117],{"class":116},[55,82246,120],{"class":69},[55,82248,82230],{"class":116},[55,82250,120],{"class":69},[55,82252,609],{"class":130},[55,82254,83],{"class":69},[55,82256,5954],{"class":130},[55,82258,83],{"class":69},[55,82260,976],{"class":130},[55,82262,83],{"class":69},[55,82264,4196],{"class":130},[55,82266,1357],{"class":69},[55,82268,82269],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,82270,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,82274,3661],{"class":61},[55,82276,66],{"class":65},[55,82278,3211],{"class":69},[55,82280,74],{"class":73},[55,82282,407],{"class":77},[55,82284,74],{"class":73},[55,82286,83],{"class":69},[55,82288,86],{"class":73},[55,82290,416],{"class":77},[55,82292,74],{"class":73},[55,82294,83],{"class":69},[55,82296,86],{"class":73},[55,82298,78334],{"class":77},[55,82300,74],{"class":73},[55,82302,386],{"class":69},[55,82304,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,82306,117],{"class":116},[55,82308,120],{"class":69},[55,82310,82230],{"class":116},[55,82312,120],{"class":69},[55,82314,3702],{"class":123},[55,82316,1357],{"class":69},[14,82318,314],{},[45,82320,82322],{"className":47,"code":82321,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"8\n8\npear\n",[52,82323,82324,82328,82332],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82325,82326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82327,1965],{"class":130},[55,82329,82330],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82331,1965],{"class":130},[55,82333,82334],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,82335,82336],{"class":61},"pear\n",[14,82338,19554],{},[21,82340,82341,82347,82353],{},[24,82342,82343,82346],{},[52,82344,82345],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[24,82348,82349,82352],{},[52,82350,82351],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[24,82354,82355,82358],{},[52,82356,82357],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[37,82360,3265,82362,3268],{"id":82361},"what-max-does",[52,82363,82171],{},[14,82365,82366,854],{},[52,82367,82171],{},[21,82369,82370,82373,82376,82379],{},[24,82371,82372],{},"Returns the largest item",[24,82374,82375],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[24,82377,82378],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[24,82380,82381],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[14,82383,82384],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[14,82386,82387],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[37,82389,1740],{"id":1739},[14,82391,82392,82393,854],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[52,82394,82171],{},[45,82396,82398],{"className":47,"code":82397,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[52,82399,82400,82410,82434,82456,82479],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82401,82402,82404,82406,82408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82403,82230],{"class":116},[55,82405,120],{"class":69},[55,82407,3309],{"class":123},[55,82409,103],{"class":69},[55,82411,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82423,82425,82427,82429,82432],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82413,82230],{"class":116},[55,82415,120],{"class":69},[55,82417,3309],{"class":123},[55,82419,83],{"class":69},[55,82421,82422],{"class":65}," *",[55,82424,83],{"class":69},[55,82426,21176],{"class":8773},[55,82428,66],{"class":65},[55,82430,82431],{"class":123},"func",[55,82433,103],{"class":69},[55,82435,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452,82454],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,82437,82230],{"class":116},[55,82439,120],{"class":69},[55,82441,3309],{"class":123},[55,82443,83],{"class":69},[55,82445,82422],{"class":65},[55,82447,83],{"class":69},[55,82449,26119],{"class":8773},[55,82451,66],{"class":65},[55,82453,2058],{"class":123},[55,82455,103],{"class":69},[55,82457,82458,82460,82462,82465,82467,82470,82472,82474,82477],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,82459,82230],{"class":116},[55,82461,120],{"class":69},[55,82463,82464],{"class":123},"arg1",[55,82466,83],{"class":69},[55,82468,82469],{"class":123}," arg2",[55,82471,83],{"class":69},[55,82473,82422],{"class":65},[55,82475,82476],{"class":123},"args",[55,82478,103],{"class":69},[55,82480,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,82482,82230],{"class":116},[55,82484,120],{"class":69},[55,82486,82464],{"class":123},[55,82488,83],{"class":69},[55,82490,82469],{"class":123},[55,82492,83],{"class":69},[55,82494,82422],{"class":65},[55,82496,82476],{"class":123},[55,82498,83],{"class":69},[55,82500,21176],{"class":8773},[55,82502,66],{"class":65},[55,82504,82431],{"class":123},[55,82506,103],{"class":69},[14,82508,82509],{},"The most important parts are:",[21,82511,82512,82517,82522],{},[24,82513,82514,82516],{},[52,82515,3309],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[24,82518,82519,82521],{},[52,82520,14438],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[24,82523,82524,82527],{},[52,82525,82526],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[37,82529,8012,82531,82533],{"id":82530},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[52,82532,82171],{}," with a list of numbers",[14,82535,82536],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[45,82538,82540],{"className":47,"code":82539,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[52,82541,82542,82568,82584,82588],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82543,82544,82546,82548,82550,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82566],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82545,4654],{"class":61},[55,82547,66],{"class":65},[55,82549,3211],{"class":69},[55,82551,82552],{"class":130},"72",[55,82554,83],{"class":69},[55,82556,51105],{"class":130},[55,82558,83],{"class":69},[55,82560,13103],{"class":130},[55,82562,83],{"class":69},[55,82564,82565],{"class":130}," 66",[55,82567,386],{"class":69},[55,82569,82570,82573,82575,82578,82580,82582],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82571,82572],{"class":61},"highest_score ",[55,82574,66],{"class":65},[55,82576,82577],{"class":116}," max",[55,82579,120],{"class":69},[55,82581,15986],{"class":123},[55,82583,103],{"class":69},[55,82585,82586],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,82587,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,82589,82590,82592,82594,82597],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,82591,117],{"class":116},[55,82593,120],{"class":69},[55,82595,82596],{"class":123},"highest_score",[55,82598,103],{"class":69},[14,82600,314],{},[45,82602,82604],{"className":47,"code":82603,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"91\n",[52,82605,82606],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82607,82608],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82609,82603],{"class":130},[14,82611,82612],{},"This works well for:",[21,82614,82615,82618,82621,82624],{},[24,82616,82617],{},"Scores",[24,82619,82620],{},"Prices",[24,82622,82623],{},"Ages",[24,82625,82626],{},"Counts",[14,82628,51675],{},[45,82630,82632],{"className":47,"code":82631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[52,82633,82634,82662],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82635,82636,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82650,82652,82655,82657,82660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82637,82638],{"class":61},"prices ",[55,82640,66],{"class":65},[55,82642,3211],{"class":69},[55,82644,39994],{"class":130},[55,82646,83],{"class":69},[55,82648,82649],{"class":130}," 5.50",[55,82651,83],{"class":69},[55,82653,82654],{"class":130}," 12.75",[55,82656,83],{"class":69},[55,82658,82659],{"class":130}," 29.00",[55,82661,386],{"class":69},[55,82663,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82675],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82665,117],{"class":116},[55,82667,120],{"class":69},[55,82669,82230],{"class":116},[55,82671,120],{"class":69},[55,82673,82674],{"class":123},"prices",[55,82676,1357],{"class":69},[14,82678,314],{},[45,82680,82682],{"className":47,"code":82681,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"29.0\n",[52,82683,82684],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82685,82686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82687,82681],{"class":130},[14,82689,82690,82691,82693,82694,198],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[52,82692,82171],{}," is simpler than ",[194,82695,82696],{"href":74112},[52,82697,74015],{},[37,82699,8012,82701,82703],{"id":82700},"using-max-with-separate-values",[52,82702,82171],{}," with separate values",[14,82705,82706],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[45,82708,82710],{"className":47,"code":82709,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[52,82711,82712],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82713,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82715,117],{"class":116},[55,82717,120],{"class":69},[55,82719,82230],{"class":116},[55,82721,120],{"class":69},[55,82723,2091],{"class":130},[55,82725,83],{"class":69},[55,82727,30541],{"class":130},[55,82729,83],{"class":69},[55,82731,5587],{"class":130},[55,82733,1357],{"class":69},[14,82735,314],{},[45,82737,82738],{"className":47,"code":1809,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,82739,82740],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82741,82742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82743,1809],{"class":130},[14,82745,82746],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[14,82748,82749],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[45,82751,82753],{"className":47,"code":82752,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[52,82754,82755,82764,82772,82782,82786,82809],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82756,82757,82759,82761],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82758,2141],{"class":61},[55,82760,66],{"class":65},[55,82762,82763],{"class":130}," 15\n",[55,82765,82766,82768,82770],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82767,2169],{"class":61},[55,82769,66],{"class":65},[55,82771,2356],{"class":130},[55,82773,82774,82777,82779],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,82775,82776],{"class":61},"c ",[55,82778,66],{"class":65},[55,82780,82781],{"class":130}," 27\n",[55,82783,82784],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,82785,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,82787,82788,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,82789,82790],{"class":61},"largest ",[55,82792,66],{"class":65},[55,82794,82577],{"class":116},[55,82796,120],{"class":69},[55,82798,194],{"class":123},[55,82800,83],{"class":69},[55,82802,2146],{"class":123},[55,82804,83],{"class":69},[55,82806,9279],{"class":123},[55,82808,103],{"class":69},[55,82810,82811,82813,82815,82818],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,82812,117],{"class":116},[55,82814,120],{"class":69},[55,82816,82817],{"class":123},"largest",[55,82819,103],{"class":69},[14,82821,314],{},[45,82823,82824],{"className":47,"code":46210,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,82825,82826],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82827,82828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82829,46210],{"class":130},[14,82831,82832],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[37,82834,8012,82836,46657],{"id":82835},"using-max-with-strings",[52,82837,82171],{},[14,82839,82840,82842],{},[52,82841,82171],{}," can compare strings too.",[45,82844,82846],{"className":47,"code":82845,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[52,82847,82848,82880],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82849,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82851,3661],{"class":61},[55,82853,66],{"class":65},[55,82855,3211],{"class":69},[55,82857,74],{"class":73},[55,82859,407],{"class":77},[55,82861,74],{"class":73},[55,82863,83],{"class":69},[55,82865,86],{"class":73},[55,82867,416],{"class":77},[55,82869,74],{"class":73},[55,82871,83],{"class":69},[55,82873,86],{"class":73},[55,82875,78334],{"class":77},[55,82877,74],{"class":73},[55,82879,386],{"class":69},[55,82881,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82883,117],{"class":116},[55,82885,120],{"class":69},[55,82887,82230],{"class":116},[55,82889,120],{"class":69},[55,82891,3702],{"class":123},[55,82893,1357],{"class":69},[14,82895,314],{},[45,82897,82898],{"className":47,"code":82336,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,82899,82900],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82901,82902],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82903,82336],{"class":61},[14,82905,82906],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[14,82908,67878],{},[21,82910,82911,82920,82923],{},[24,82912,82913,82916,82917,82919],{},[52,82914,82915],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[52,82918,64870],{}," alphabetically",[24,82921,82922],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[24,82924,82925],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[14,82927,233],{},[45,82929,82931],{"className":47,"code":82930,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[52,82932,82933,82966],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,82934,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,82936,3661],{"class":61},[55,82938,66],{"class":65},[55,82940,3211],{"class":69},[55,82942,74],{"class":73},[55,82944,407],{"class":77},[55,82946,74],{"class":73},[55,82948,83],{"class":69},[55,82950,86],{"class":73},[55,82952,82953],{"class":77},"Banana",[55,82955,74],{"class":73},[55,82957,83],{"class":69},[55,82959,86],{"class":73},[55,82961,78334],{"class":77},[55,82963,74],{"class":73},[55,82965,386],{"class":69},[55,82967,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,82969,117],{"class":116},[55,82971,120],{"class":69},[55,82973,82230],{"class":116},[55,82975,120],{"class":69},[55,82977,3702],{"class":123},[55,82979,1357],{"class":69},[14,82981,82982],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[14,82984,82985,82986,82988],{},"You can fix that with the ",[52,82987,14438],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[37,82990,36208,82991,36211],{"id":78292},[52,82992,14438],{},[14,82994,1563,82995,82997],{},[52,82996,14438],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[14,82999,83000],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[1425,83002,83004],{"id":83003},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[45,83006,83008],{"className":47,"code":83007,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[52,83009,83010,83042],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83011,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83013,3661],{"class":61},[55,83015,66],{"class":65},[55,83017,3211],{"class":69},[55,83019,74],{"class":73},[55,83021,36643],{"class":77},[55,83023,74],{"class":73},[55,83025,83],{"class":69},[55,83027,86],{"class":73},[55,83029,67921],{"class":77},[55,83031,74],{"class":73},[55,83033,83],{"class":69},[55,83035,86],{"class":73},[55,83037,57724],{"class":77},[55,83039,74],{"class":73},[55,83041,386],{"class":69},[55,83043,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83045,117],{"class":116},[55,83047,120],{"class":69},[55,83049,82230],{"class":116},[55,83051,120],{"class":69},[55,83053,3702],{"class":123},[55,83055,83],{"class":69},[55,83057,21176],{"class":8773},[55,83059,66],{"class":65},[55,83061,940],{"class":116},[55,83063,1357],{"class":69},[14,83065,314],{},[45,83067,83069],{"className":47,"code":83068,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"elephant\n",[52,83070,83071],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83072,83073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83074,83068],{"class":61},[14,83076,20367,83077,83080],{},[52,83078,83079],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[14,83082,83083,83084,33228,83086,198],{},"If you are new to ",[52,83085,889],{},[194,83087,83088,5376],{"href":41955},[52,83089,889],{},[1425,83091,83093],{"id":83092},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[45,83095,83097],{"className":47,"code":83096,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[52,83098,83099,83131],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83100,83101,83103,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121,83123,83125,83127,83129],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83102,3661],{"class":61},[55,83104,66],{"class":65},[55,83106,3211],{"class":69},[55,83108,74],{"class":73},[55,83110,407],{"class":77},[55,83112,74],{"class":73},[55,83114,83],{"class":69},[55,83116,86],{"class":73},[55,83118,82953],{"class":77},[55,83120,74],{"class":73},[55,83122,83],{"class":69},[55,83124,86],{"class":73},[55,83126,78334],{"class":77},[55,83128,74],{"class":73},[55,83130,386],{"class":69},[55,83132,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83134,117],{"class":116},[55,83136,120],{"class":69},[55,83138,82230],{"class":116},[55,83140,120],{"class":69},[55,83142,3702],{"class":123},[55,83144,83],{"class":69},[55,83146,21176],{"class":8773},[55,83148,66],{"class":65},[55,83150,3032],{"class":850},[55,83152,198],{"class":69},[55,83154,8236],{"class":24347},[55,83156,1357],{"class":69},[14,83158,314],{},[45,83160,83161],{"className":47,"code":82336,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,83162,83163],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83164,83165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83166,82336],{"class":61},[14,83168,20367,83169,83171],{},[52,83170,78288],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[1425,83173,83175],{"id":83174},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[14,83177,83178,83179,854],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[52,83180,37256],{},[45,83182,83184],{"className":47,"code":83183,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[52,83185,83186,83229],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83187,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83204,83207,83209,83211,83213,83216,83218,83220,83222,83225,83227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83189,7375],{"class":61},[55,83191,66],{"class":65},[55,83193,3211],{"class":69},[55,83195,74],{"class":73},[55,83197,194],{"class":77},[55,83199,74],{"class":73},[55,83201,83],{"class":69},[55,83203,86],{"class":73},[55,83205,83206],{"class":77},"bb",[55,83208,74],{"class":73},[55,83210,83],{"class":69},[55,83212,86],{"class":73},[55,83214,83215],{"class":77},"cccc",[55,83217,74],{"class":73},[55,83219,83],{"class":69},[55,83221,86],{"class":73},[55,83223,83224],{"class":77},"ddd",[55,83226,74],{"class":73},[55,83228,386],{"class":69},[55,83230,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83232,117],{"class":116},[55,83234,120],{"class":69},[55,83236,82230],{"class":116},[55,83238,120],{"class":69},[55,83240,7404],{"class":123},[55,83242,83],{"class":69},[55,83244,21176],{"class":8773},[55,83246,66],{"class":65},[55,83248,37256],{"class":1648},[55,83250,42438],{"class":37259},[55,83252,854],{"class":69},[55,83254,963],{"class":116},[55,83256,120],{"class":69},[55,83258,34308],{"class":123},[55,83260,2499],{"class":69},[14,83262,314],{},[45,83264,83266],{"className":47,"code":83265,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"cccc\n",[52,83267,83268],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83269,83270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83271,83265],{"class":61},[14,83273,49148,83274,3983,83276,83278],{},[52,83275,83079],{},[52,83277,78175],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[37,83280,36208,83282,36211],{"id":83281},"using-the-default-argument",[52,83283,82526],{},[14,83285,1563,83286,83288],{},[52,83287,82526],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[14,83290,83291],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[45,83293,83295],{"className":47,"code":83294,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[52,83296,83297,83305],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83298,83299,83301,83303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83300,243],{"class":61},[55,83302,66],{"class":65},[55,83304,7433],{"class":69},[55,83306,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83308,117],{"class":116},[55,83310,120],{"class":69},[55,83312,82230],{"class":116},[55,83314,120],{"class":69},[55,83316,275],{"class":123},[55,83318,83],{"class":69},[55,83320,26119],{"class":8773},[55,83322,66],{"class":65},[55,83324,131],{"class":130},[55,83326,1357],{"class":69},[14,83328,314],{},[45,83330,83331],{"className":47,"code":46850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,83332,83333],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83334,83335],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83336,46850],{"class":130},[14,83338,83339],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[14,83341,83342,83343,83345],{},"Without ",[52,83344,82526],{},", this would raise an error.",[14,83347,51675],{},[45,83349,83351],{"className":47,"code":83350,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[52,83352,83353,83361,83388],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83354,83355,83357,83359],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83356,3661],{"class":61},[55,83358,66],{"class":65},[55,83360,7433],{"class":69},[55,83362,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83384,83386],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83364,1814],{"class":61},[55,83366,66],{"class":65},[55,83368,82577],{"class":116},[55,83370,120],{"class":69},[55,83372,3702],{"class":123},[55,83374,83],{"class":69},[55,83376,26119],{"class":8773},[55,83378,66],{"class":65},[55,83380,74],{"class":73},[55,83382,83383],{"class":77},"no words found",[55,83385,74],{"class":73},[55,83387,103],{"class":69},[55,83389,83390,83392,83394,83396],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,83391,117],{"class":116},[55,83393,120],{"class":69},[55,83395,1849],{"class":123},[55,83397,103],{"class":69},[14,83399,314],{},[45,83401,83403],{"className":47,"code":83402,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"no words found\n",[52,83404,83405],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83406,83407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83408,83402],{"class":61},[14,83410,83411],{},"Important:",[21,83413,83414,83422],{},[24,83415,83416,83418,83419],{},[52,83417,82526],{}," works with ",[52,83420,83421],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[24,83423,40502,83424,83426,83427],{},[3332,83425,4222],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[52,83428,83429],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[37,83431,47584],{"id":47583},[14,83433,83434,83435,198],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[52,83436,82171],{},[1425,83438,83440,83442],{"id":83439},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[52,83441,40300],{}," with an empty iterable",[14,83444,83445,83446,45506,83448,198],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[52,83447,82526],{},[52,83449,40300],{},[45,83451,83453],{"className":47,"code":83452,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[52,83454,83455,83463],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83456,83457,83459,83461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83458,243],{"class":61},[55,83460,66],{"class":65},[55,83462,7433],{"class":69},[55,83464,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83466,117],{"class":116},[55,83468,120],{"class":69},[55,83470,82230],{"class":116},[55,83472,120],{"class":69},[55,83474,275],{"class":123},[55,83476,1357],{"class":69},[14,83478,29278],{},[45,83480,83482],{"className":47,"code":83481,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[52,83483,83484],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83485,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83497,83499],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83487,40300],{"class":850},[55,83489,854],{"class":69},[55,83491,82577],{"class":116},[55,83493,6960],{"class":69},[55,83495,83496],{"class":61}," arg ",[55,83498,11793],{"class":65},[55,83500,83501],{"class":61}," an empty sequence\n",[14,83503,83504,83505,854],{},"Fix it by using ",[52,83506,82526],{},[45,83508,83510],{"className":47,"code":83509,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[52,83511,83512,83520],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83513,83514,83516,83518],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83515,243],{"class":61},[55,83517,66],{"class":65},[55,83519,7433],{"class":69},[55,83521,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83540],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83523,117],{"class":116},[55,83525,120],{"class":69},[55,83527,82230],{"class":116},[55,83529,120],{"class":69},[55,83531,275],{"class":123},[55,83533,83],{"class":69},[55,83535,26119],{"class":8773},[55,83537,66],{"class":65},[55,83539,3368],{"class":3443},[55,83541,1357],{"class":69},[14,83543,83544,83545,198],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[194,83546,65435],{"href":72469},[1425,83548,83550,83552],{"id":83549},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[52,83551,2592],{}," when items cannot be compared",[14,83554,83555,83556,198],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[52,83557,2592],{},[45,83559,83561],{"className":47,"code":83560,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[52,83562,83563,83587],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83564,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83566,7375],{"class":61},[55,83568,66],{"class":65},[55,83570,3211],{"class":69},[55,83572,250],{"class":130},[55,83574,83],{"class":69},[55,83576,86],{"class":73},[55,83578,1149],{"class":77},[55,83580,74],{"class":73},[55,83582,83],{"class":69},[55,83584,260],{"class":130},[55,83586,386],{"class":69},[55,83588,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83590,117],{"class":116},[55,83592,120],{"class":69},[55,83594,82230],{"class":116},[55,83596,120],{"class":69},[55,83598,7404],{"class":123},[55,83600,1357],{"class":69},[14,83602,83603],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[14,83605,83606],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[45,83608,83610],{"className":47,"code":83609,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[52,83611,83612,83632],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83613,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83615,7375],{"class":61},[55,83617,66],{"class":65},[55,83619,3211],{"class":69},[55,83621,250],{"class":130},[55,83623,83],{"class":69},[55,83625,255],{"class":130},[55,83627,83],{"class":69},[55,83629,260],{"class":130},[55,83631,386],{"class":69},[55,83633,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83635,117],{"class":116},[55,83637,120],{"class":69},[55,83639,82230],{"class":116},[55,83641,120],{"class":69},[55,83643,7404],{"class":123},[55,83645,1357],{"class":69},[14,83647,83648,83649,198],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[194,83650,83652],{"href":83651},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[1425,83654,83656,83658],{"id":83655},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[52,83657,2592],{}," when called with no arguments",[14,83660,83661,83663],{},[52,83662,82171],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[45,83665,83667],{"className":47,"code":83666,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(max())\n",[52,83668,83669],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83670,83671,83673,83675,83677],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83672,117],{"class":116},[55,83674,120],{"class":69},[55,83676,82230],{"class":116},[55,83678,6788],{"class":69},[14,83680,2589,83681,198],{},[52,83682,2592],{},[37,83684,83686,10183,83688],{"id":83685},"max-vs-sorted",[52,83687,82171],{},[52,83689,74015],{},[14,83691,83692],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[14,83694,83695,854],{},[52,83696,82171],{},[21,83698,83699],{},[24,83700,83701],{},"Returns one largest item",[14,83703,83704,854],{},[52,83705,74015],{},[21,83707,83708],{},[24,83709,83710],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[14,83712,233],{},[45,83714,83716],{"className":47,"code":83715,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[52,83717,83718,83742,83746,83760],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83719,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83721,243],{"class":61},[55,83723,66],{"class":65},[55,83725,3211],{"class":69},[55,83727,609],{"class":130},[55,83729,83],{"class":69},[55,83731,5954],{"class":130},[55,83733,83],{"class":69},[55,83735,976],{"class":130},[55,83737,83],{"class":69},[55,83739,4196],{"class":130},[55,83741,386],{"class":69},[55,83743,83744],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83745,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,83747,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,83749,117],{"class":116},[55,83751,120],{"class":69},[55,83753,82230],{"class":116},[55,83755,120],{"class":69},[55,83757,275],{"class":123},[55,83759,1357],{"class":69},[55,83761,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,83763,117],{"class":116},[55,83765,120],{"class":69},[55,83767,74105],{"class":116},[55,83769,120],{"class":69},[55,83771,275],{"class":123},[55,83773,1357],{"class":69},[14,83775,314],{},[45,83777,83779],{"className":47,"code":83778,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[52,83780,83781,83785],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83782,83783],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83784,1965],{"class":130},[55,83786,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83788,127],{"class":69},[55,83790,309],{"class":130},[55,83792,83],{"class":69},[55,83794,2036],{"class":130},[55,83796,83],{"class":69},[55,83798,4196],{"class":130},[55,83800,83],{"class":69},[55,83802,5954],{"class":130},[55,83804,386],{"class":69},[14,83806,1440,83807,83809],{},[52,83808,82171],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[14,83811,1440,83812,83816],{},[194,83813,83814],{"href":74112},[52,83815,74015],{}," when you need all items in order.",[14,83818,83819,83820,198],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[194,83821,83823],{"href":83822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[52,83824,83825],{},"min()",[37,83827,1298],{"id":1297},[14,83829,83830],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[21,83832,83833,83840,83843,83848,83851],{},[24,83834,29247,83835,83837,83838],{},[52,83836,82171],{}," on an empty list without ",[52,83839,82526],{},[24,83841,83842],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[24,83844,8048,83845,83847],{},[52,83846,82171],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[24,83849,83850],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[24,83852,8012,83853,83855],{},[52,83854,82526],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[14,83857,10711],{},[45,83859,83861],{"className":47,"code":83860,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[52,83862,83863,83873,83887,83901,83915,83937],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,83864,83865,83867,83869,83871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,83866,117],{"class":116},[55,83868,120],{"class":69},[55,83870,7404],{"class":123},[55,83872,103],{"class":69},[55,83874,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,83876,117],{"class":116},[55,83878,120],{"class":69},[55,83880,1396],{"class":850},[55,83882,120],{"class":69},[55,83884,7404],{"class":123},[55,83886,1357],{"class":69},[55,83888,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,83890,117],{"class":116},[55,83892,120],{"class":69},[55,83894,940],{"class":116},[55,83896,120],{"class":69},[55,83898,7404],{"class":123},[55,83900,1357],{"class":69},[55,83902,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,83904,117],{"class":116},[55,83906,120],{"class":69},[55,83908,82230],{"class":116},[55,83910,120],{"class":69},[55,83912,7404],{"class":123},[55,83914,1357],{"class":69},[55,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931,83933,83935],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,83918,117],{"class":116},[55,83920,120],{"class":69},[55,83922,82230],{"class":116},[55,83924,120],{"class":69},[55,83926,7404],{"class":123},[55,83928,83],{"class":69},[55,83930,26119],{"class":8773},[55,83932,66],{"class":65},[55,83934,3368],{"class":3443},[55,83936,1357],{"class":69},[55,83938,83939,83941,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,83940,117],{"class":116},[55,83942,2573],{"class":69},[55,83944,1396],{"class":850},[55,83946,120],{"class":69},[55,83948,1757],{"class":123},[55,83950,970],{"class":69},[55,83952,3468],{"class":959},[55,83954,3471],{"class":123},[55,83956,3474],{"class":959},[55,83958,5559],{"class":123},[55,83960,282],{"class":69},[14,83962,83963],{},"These are useful for checking:",[21,83965,83966,83971,83976,83979],{},[24,83967,83968,83969],{},"What is actually inside ",[52,83970,7404],{},[24,83972,79341,83973,83975],{},[52,83974,7404],{}," is a list or some other type",[24,83977,83978],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[24,83980,83981],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[14,83983,68942,83984,83987,83988,83990],{},[52,83985,83986],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[52,83989,7404],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[37,83992,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,83994,4733,83996,4736],{"id":83995},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[52,83997,82171],{},[14,83999,84000],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[1425,84002,4761,84004,84006],{"id":84003},"can-max-work-with-strings",[52,84005,82171],{}," work with strings?",[14,84008,84009],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[1425,84011,71237],{"id":71236},[14,84013,84014,52090,84016,84018,84019,84021],{},[52,84015,82171],{},[52,84017,40300],{}," unless you use the ",[52,84020,82526],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[1425,84023,84025,84026,2078],{"id":84024},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[52,84027,82171],{},[14,84029,1440,84030,854],{},[52,84031,83079],{},[45,84033,84034],{"className":47,"code":83007,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,84035,84036,84068],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84037,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84039,3661],{"class":61},[55,84041,66],{"class":65},[55,84043,3211],{"class":69},[55,84045,74],{"class":73},[55,84047,36643],{"class":77},[55,84049,74],{"class":73},[55,84051,83],{"class":69},[55,84053,86],{"class":73},[55,84055,67921],{"class":77},[55,84057,74],{"class":73},[55,84059,83],{"class":69},[55,84061,86],{"class":73},[55,84063,57724],{"class":77},[55,84065,74],{"class":73},[55,84067,386],{"class":69},[55,84069,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84071,117],{"class":116},[55,84073,120],{"class":69},[55,84075,82230],{"class":116},[55,84077,120],{"class":69},[55,84079,3702],{"class":123},[55,84081,83],{"class":69},[55,84083,21176],{"class":8773},[55,84085,66],{"class":65},[55,84087,940],{"class":116},[55,84089,1357],{"class":69},[1425,84091,4771,84093,3983,84095,2078],{"id":84092},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[52,84094,82171],{},[52,84096,74015],{},[14,84098,84099,84101,84102,84104],{},[52,84100,82171],{}," returns one largest item. ",[52,84103,74015],{}," returns all items in order.",[37,84106,1495],{"id":1494},[21,84108,84109,84115,84121,84127,84131,84135],{},[24,84110,84111],{},[194,84112,84113,3098],{"href":83822},[52,84114,83825],{},[24,84116,84117],{},[194,84118,84119,3098],{"href":74112},[52,84120,74015],{},[24,84122,84123],{},[194,84124,84125,3098],{"href":41955},[52,84126,889],{},[24,84128,84129],{},[194,84130,58553],{"href":58552},[24,84132,84133],{},[194,84134,65435],{"href":72469},[24,84136,84137],{},[194,84138,83652],{"href":83651},[1524,84140,84141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":84143},[84144,84145,84147,84148,84150,84152,84154,84159,84161,84169,84171,84172,84183],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":82361,"depth":106,"text":84146},"What max() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":82530,"depth":106,"text":84149},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82700,"depth":106,"text":84151},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82835,"depth":106,"text":84153},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78292,"depth":106,"text":79490,"children":84155},[84156,84157,84158],{"id":83003,"depth":113,"text":83004},{"id":83092,"depth":113,"text":83093},{"id":83174,"depth":113,"text":83175},{"id":83281,"depth":106,"text":84160},"Using the default argument",{"id":47583,"depth":106,"text":47584,"children":84162},[84163,84165,84167],{"id":83439,"depth":113,"text":84164},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83549,"depth":113,"text":84166},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83655,"depth":113,"text":84168},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83685,"depth":106,"text":84170},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":84173},[84174,84176,84178,84179,84181],{"id":83995,"depth":113,"text":84175},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84003,"depth":113,"text":84177},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71236,"depth":113,"text":71237},{"id":84024,"depth":113,"text":84180},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84092,"depth":113,"text":84182},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82163,"description":84184},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84191,"title":84192,"body":84193,"description":86147,"extension":1546,"meta":86148,"navigation":109,"path":86149,"seo":86150,"stem":86151,"__hash__":86152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84194,"toc":86104},[84195,84200,84205,84211,84213,84287,84289,84302,84307,84312,84328,84332,84337,84413,84419,84422,84465,84467,84475,84481,84484,84515,84517,84525,84531,84536,84595,84597,84606,84609,84619,84625,84630,84665,84667,84675,84681,84687,84692,84736,84738,84747,84750,84790,84792,84801,84804,84816,84821,84826,84877,84879,84888,84891,84942,84944,84953,84956,84963,84969,84974,84976,84991,84995,85055,85057,85066,85070,85242,85244,85281,85288,85294,85297,85324,85326,85347,85352,85387,85389,85397,85400,85403,85419,85424,85426,85430,85436,85440,85467,85470,85480,85520,85524,85527,85570,85572,85581,85584,85589,85658,85660,85668,85673,85677,85680,85731,85733,85741,85744,85807,85809,85817,85820,85825,85829,85842,85849,85857,85859,85861,85891,85897,85998,86008,86010,86015,86018,86023,86026,86028,86036,86044,86052,86059,86067,86069,86101],[10,84196,3165,84198,3169],{"id":84197},"python-min-function-explained",[52,84199,83825],{},[14,84201,84202,84204],{},[52,84203,83825],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[14,84206,84207,84208,84210],{},"This page explains what ",[52,84209,83825],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[37,84212,1588],{"id":1587},[45,84214,84216],{"className":47,"code":84215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[52,84217,84218,84242,84257,84261],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84219,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84221,243],{"class":61},[55,84223,66],{"class":65},[55,84225,3211],{"class":69},[55,84227,817],{"class":130},[55,84229,83],{"class":69},[55,84231,976],{"class":130},[55,84233,83],{"class":69},[55,84235,53732],{"class":130},[55,84237,83],{"class":69},[55,84239,5090],{"class":130},[55,84241,386],{"class":69},[55,84243,84244,84246,84248,84251,84253,84255],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84245,117],{"class":116},[55,84247,120],{"class":69},[55,84249,84250],{"class":116},"min",[55,84252,120],{"class":69},[55,84254,275],{"class":123},[55,84256,1357],{"class":69},[55,84258,84259],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,84260,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,84262,84263,84265,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,84264,117],{"class":116},[55,84266,120],{"class":69},[55,84268,84250],{"class":116},[55,84270,120],{"class":69},[55,84272,817],{"class":130},[55,84274,83],{"class":69},[55,84276,976],{"class":130},[55,84278,83],{"class":69},[55,84280,53732],{"class":130},[55,84282,83],{"class":69},[55,84284,5090],{"class":130},[55,84286,1357],{"class":69},[14,84288,314],{},[45,84290,84292],{"className":47,"code":84291,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1\n1\n",[52,84293,84294,84298],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84295,84296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84297,46515],{"class":130},[55,84299,84300],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84301,46515],{"class":130},[14,84303,1440,84304,84306],{},[52,84305,83825],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[37,84308,3265,84310,3268],{"id":84309},"what-min-does",[52,84311,83825],{},[21,84313,84314,84319,84322,84325],{},[24,84315,84316,84318],{},[52,84317,83825],{}," returns the smallest item",[24,84320,84321],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[24,84323,84324],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[24,84326,84327],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[37,84329,84331],{"id":84330},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[14,84333,84334,84335,854],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[52,84336,83825],{},[45,84338,84340],{"className":47,"code":84339,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[52,84341,84342,84352,84377,84395],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84343,84344,84346,84348,84350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84345,84250],{"class":116},[55,84347,120],{"class":69},[55,84349,3309],{"class":123},[55,84351,103],{"class":69},[55,84353,84354,84356,84358,84361,84363,84366,84368,84371,84373,84375],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84355,84250],{"class":116},[55,84357,120],{"class":69},[55,84359,84360],{"class":123},"value1",[55,84362,83],{"class":69},[55,84364,84365],{"class":123}," value2",[55,84367,83],{"class":69},[55,84369,84370],{"class":123}," value3",[55,84372,83],{"class":69},[55,84374,34053],{"class":116},[55,84376,103],{"class":69},[55,84378,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,84380,84250],{"class":116},[55,84382,120],{"class":69},[55,84384,3309],{"class":123},[55,84386,83],{"class":69},[55,84388,21176],{"class":8773},[55,84390,66],{"class":65},[55,84392,36967],{"class":116},[55,84394,103],{"class":69},[55,84396,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,84398,84250],{"class":116},[55,84400,120],{"class":69},[55,84402,3309],{"class":123},[55,84404,83],{"class":69},[55,84406,26119],{"class":8773},[55,84408,66],{"class":65},[55,84410,36967],{"class":116},[55,84412,103],{"class":69},[1425,84414,84416],{"id":84415},"miniterable",[52,84417,84418],{},"min(iterable)",[14,84420,84421],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[45,84423,84425],{"className":47,"code":84424,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[52,84426,84427,84451],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84428,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84430,243],{"class":61},[55,84432,66],{"class":65},[55,84434,3211],{"class":69},[55,84436,1930],{"class":130},[55,84438,83],{"class":69},[55,84440,2036],{"class":130},[55,84442,83],{"class":69},[55,84444,30541],{"class":130},[55,84446,83],{"class":69},[55,84448,5090],{"class":130},[55,84450,386],{"class":69},[55,84452,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84454,117],{"class":116},[55,84456,120],{"class":69},[55,84458,84250],{"class":116},[55,84460,120],{"class":69},[55,84462,275],{"class":123},[55,84464,1357],{"class":69},[14,84466,314],{},[45,84468,84469],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,84470,84471],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84472,84473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84474,46515],{"class":130},[1425,84476,84478],{"id":84477},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[52,84479,84480],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[14,84482,84483],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[45,84485,84487],{"className":47,"code":84486,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[52,84488,84489],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84490,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509,84511,84513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84492,117],{"class":116},[55,84494,120],{"class":69},[55,84496,84250],{"class":116},[55,84498,120],{"class":69},[55,84500,1930],{"class":130},[55,84502,83],{"class":69},[55,84504,2036],{"class":130},[55,84506,83],{"class":69},[55,84508,30541],{"class":130},[55,84510,83],{"class":69},[55,84512,5090],{"class":130},[55,84514,1357],{"class":69},[14,84516,314],{},[45,84518,84519],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,84520,84521],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84522,84523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84524,46515],{"class":130},[1425,84526,84528],{"id":84527},"miniterable-key",[52,84529,84530],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[14,84532,1440,84533,84535],{},[52,84534,14438],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[45,84537,84539],{"className":47,"code":84538,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[52,84540,84541,84573],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84542,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84544,3661],{"class":61},[55,84546,66],{"class":65},[55,84548,3211],{"class":69},[55,84550,74],{"class":73},[55,84552,78334],{"class":77},[55,84554,74],{"class":73},[55,84556,83],{"class":69},[55,84558,86],{"class":73},[55,84560,37938],{"class":77},[55,84562,74],{"class":73},[55,84564,83],{"class":69},[55,84566,86],{"class":73},[55,84568,416],{"class":77},[55,84570,74],{"class":73},[55,84572,386],{"class":69},[55,84574,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84576,117],{"class":116},[55,84578,120],{"class":69},[55,84580,84250],{"class":116},[55,84582,120],{"class":69},[55,84584,3702],{"class":123},[55,84586,83],{"class":69},[55,84588,21176],{"class":8773},[55,84590,66],{"class":65},[55,84592,940],{"class":116},[55,84594,1357],{"class":69},[14,84596,314],{},[45,84598,84600],{"className":47,"code":84599,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"kiwi\n",[52,84601,84602],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84603,84604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84605,84599],{"class":61},[14,84607,84608],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[14,84610,84611,84612,84614,84615,198],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[52,84613,889],{},", see the ",[194,84616,84617,3098],{"href":41955},[52,84618,889],{},[1425,84620,84622],{"id":84621},"miniterable-default",[52,84623,84624],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[14,84626,1440,84627,84629],{},[52,84628,82526],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[45,84631,84633],{"className":47,"code":84632,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[52,84634,84635,84643],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84636,84637,84639,84641],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84638,243],{"class":61},[55,84640,66],{"class":65},[55,84642,7433],{"class":69},[55,84644,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84646,117],{"class":116},[55,84648,120],{"class":69},[55,84650,84250],{"class":116},[55,84652,120],{"class":69},[55,84654,275],{"class":123},[55,84656,83],{"class":69},[55,84658,26119],{"class":8773},[55,84660,66],{"class":65},[55,84662,131],{"class":130},[55,84664,1357],{"class":69},[14,84666,314],{},[45,84668,84669],{"className":47,"code":46850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,84670,84671],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84672,84673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84674,46850],{"class":130},[14,84676,84677,84678,84680],{},"This avoids a ",[52,84679,40300],{}," when there is no item to return.",[37,84682,8012,84684,84686],{"id":84683},"using-min-with-numbers",[52,84685,83825],{}," with numbers",[14,84688,84689,84691],{},[52,84690,83825],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[45,84693,84695],{"className":47,"code":84694,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[52,84696,84697,84722],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84698,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84700,4654],{"class":61},[55,84702,66],{"class":65},[55,84704,3211],{"class":69},[55,84706,51100],{"class":130},[55,84708,83],{"class":69},[55,84710,84711],{"class":130}," 72",[55,84713,83],{"class":69},[55,84715,28503],{"class":130},[55,84717,83],{"class":69},[55,84719,75691],{"class":130},[55,84721,386],{"class":69},[55,84723,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84725,117],{"class":116},[55,84727,120],{"class":69},[55,84729,84250],{"class":116},[55,84731,120],{"class":69},[55,84733,15986],{"class":123},[55,84735,1357],{"class":69},[14,84737,314],{},[45,84739,84741],{"className":47,"code":84740,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"60\n",[52,84742,84743],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84744,84745],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84746,84740],{"class":130},[14,84748,84749],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[45,84751,84753],{"className":47,"code":84752,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[52,84754,84755,84776],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84756,84757,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767,84770,84772,84774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84758,82638],{"class":61},[55,84760,66],{"class":65},[55,84762,3211],{"class":69},[55,84764,39994],{"class":130},[55,84766,83],{"class":69},[55,84768,84769],{"class":130}," 5.49",[55,84771,83],{"class":69},[55,84773,82654],{"class":130},[55,84775,386],{"class":69},[55,84777,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84779,117],{"class":116},[55,84781,120],{"class":69},[55,84783,84250],{"class":116},[55,84785,120],{"class":69},[55,84787,82674],{"class":123},[55,84789,1357],{"class":69},[14,84791,314],{},[45,84793,84795],{"className":47,"code":84794,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5.49\n",[52,84796,84797],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84798,84799],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84800,84794],{"class":130},[14,84802,84803],{},"This is useful for things like:",[21,84805,84806,84808,84810,84813],{},[24,84807,15986],{},[24,84809,82674],{},[24,84811,84812],{},"measurements",[24,84814,84815],{},"ages",[37,84817,8012,84819,46657],{"id":84818},"using-min-with-strings",[52,84820,83825],{},[14,84822,84823,84825],{},[52,84824,83825],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[45,84827,84829],{"className":47,"code":84828,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[52,84830,84831,84863],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84832,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84834,3661],{"class":61},[55,84836,66],{"class":65},[55,84838,3211],{"class":69},[55,84840,74],{"class":73},[55,84842,416],{"class":77},[55,84844,74],{"class":73},[55,84846,83],{"class":69},[55,84848,86],{"class":73},[55,84850,407],{"class":77},[55,84852,74],{"class":73},[55,84854,83],{"class":69},[55,84856,86],{"class":73},[55,84858,425],{"class":77},[55,84860,74],{"class":73},[55,84862,386],{"class":69},[55,84864,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84866,117],{"class":116},[55,84868,120],{"class":69},[55,84870,84250],{"class":116},[55,84872,120],{"class":69},[55,84874,3702],{"class":123},[55,84876,1357],{"class":69},[14,84878,314],{},[45,84880,84882],{"className":47,"code":84881,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"apple\n",[52,84883,84884],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84885,84886],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84887,84881],{"class":61},[14,84889,84890],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[45,84892,84894],{"className":47,"code":84893,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[52,84895,84896,84928],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84897,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84899,3661],{"class":61},[55,84901,66],{"class":65},[55,84903,3211],{"class":69},[55,84905,74],{"class":73},[55,84907,416],{"class":77},[55,84909,74],{"class":73},[55,84911,83],{"class":69},[55,84913,86],{"class":73},[55,84915,57365],{"class":77},[55,84917,74],{"class":73},[55,84919,83],{"class":69},[55,84921,86],{"class":73},[55,84923,425],{"class":77},[55,84925,74],{"class":73},[55,84927,386],{"class":69},[55,84929,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,84931,117],{"class":116},[55,84933,120],{"class":69},[55,84935,84250],{"class":116},[55,84937,120],{"class":69},[55,84939,3702],{"class":123},[55,84941,1357],{"class":69},[14,84943,314],{},[45,84945,84947],{"className":47,"code":84946,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Apple\n",[52,84948,84949],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,84950,84951],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,84952,84946],{"class":61},[14,84954,84955],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[14,84957,84958,84959,198],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[194,84960,84961,5376],{"href":74112},[52,84962,74015],{},[37,84964,8012,84966,84968],{"id":84965},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[52,84967,83825],{}," with a key function",[14,84970,1563,84971,84973],{},[52,84972,14438],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[14,84975,211],{},[21,84977,84978,84983,84988],{},[24,84979,84980,84982],{},[52,84981,14438],{}," changes the comparison rule",[24,84984,84985,84987],{},[52,84986,83825],{}," still returns the original item",[24,84989,84990],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[1425,84992,84994],{"id":84993},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[45,84996,84998],{"className":47,"code":84997,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[52,84999,85000,85033],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85001,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024,85026,85029,85031],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85003,3661],{"class":61},[55,85005,66],{"class":65},[55,85007,3211],{"class":69},[55,85009,74],{"class":73},[55,85011,67921],{"class":77},[55,85013,74],{"class":73},[55,85015,83],{"class":69},[55,85017,86],{"class":73},[55,85019,36643],{"class":77},[55,85021,74],{"class":73},[55,85023,83],{"class":69},[55,85025,86],{"class":73},[55,85027,85028],{"class":77},"giraffe",[55,85030,74],{"class":73},[55,85032,386],{"class":69},[55,85034,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85036,117],{"class":116},[55,85038,120],{"class":69},[55,85040,84250],{"class":116},[55,85042,120],{"class":69},[55,85044,3702],{"class":123},[55,85046,83],{"class":69},[55,85048,21176],{"class":8773},[55,85050,66],{"class":65},[55,85052,940],{"class":116},[55,85054,1357],{"class":69},[14,85056,314],{},[45,85058,85060],{"className":47,"code":85059,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"cat\n",[52,85061,85062],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85063,85064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85065,85059],{"class":61},[1425,85067,85069],{"id":85068},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[45,85071,85073],{"className":47,"code":85072,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[52,85074,85075,85085,85120,85152,85184,85188,85192,85231],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85076,85077,85080,85082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85078,85079],{"class":61},"students ",[55,85081,66],{"class":65},[55,85083,85084],{"class":69}," [\n",[55,85086,85087,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85111,85113,85115,85117],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85088,85089],{"class":69},"    {",[55,85091,74],{"class":73},[55,85093,7263],{"class":77},[55,85095,74],{"class":73},[55,85097,854],{"class":69},[55,85099,86],{"class":73},[55,85101,645],{"class":77},[55,85103,74],{"class":73},[55,85105,83],{"class":69},[55,85107,86],{"class":73},[55,85109,85110],{"class":77},"score",[55,85112,74],{"class":73},[55,85114,854],{"class":69},[55,85116,13103],{"class":130},[55,85118,85119],{"class":69},"},\n",[55,85121,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,85123,85089],{"class":69},[55,85125,74],{"class":73},[55,85127,7263],{"class":77},[55,85129,74],{"class":73},[55,85131,854],{"class":69},[55,85133,86],{"class":73},[55,85135,654],{"class":77},[55,85137,74],{"class":73},[55,85139,83],{"class":69},[55,85141,86],{"class":73},[55,85143,85110],{"class":77},[55,85145,74],{"class":73},[55,85147,854],{"class":69},[55,85149,84711],{"class":130},[55,85151,85119],{"class":69},[55,85153,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,85155,85089],{"class":69},[55,85157,74],{"class":73},[55,85159,7263],{"class":77},[55,85161,74],{"class":73},[55,85163,854],{"class":69},[55,85165,86],{"class":73},[55,85167,663],{"class":77},[55,85169,74],{"class":73},[55,85171,83],{"class":69},[55,85173,86],{"class":73},[55,85175,85110],{"class":77},[55,85177,74],{"class":73},[55,85179,854],{"class":69},[55,85181,19495],{"class":130},[55,85183,8906],{"class":69},[55,85185,85186],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,85187,386],{"class":69},[55,85189,85190],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,85191,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,85193,85194,85197,85199,85202,85204,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,85195,85196],{"class":61},"lowest ",[55,85198,66],{"class":65},[55,85200,85201],{"class":116}," min",[55,85203,120],{"class":69},[55,85205,85206],{"class":123},"students",[55,85208,83],{"class":69},[55,85210,21176],{"class":8773},[55,85212,66],{"class":65},[55,85214,37256],{"class":1648},[55,85216,12506],{"class":37259},[55,85218,854],{"class":69},[55,85220,12506],{"class":123},[55,85222,127],{"class":69},[55,85224,74],{"class":73},[55,85226,85110],{"class":77},[55,85228,74],{"class":73},[55,85230,282],{"class":69},[55,85232,85233,85235,85237,85240],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,85234,117],{"class":116},[55,85236,120],{"class":69},[55,85238,85239],{"class":123},"lowest",[55,85241,103],{"class":69},[14,85243,314],{},[45,85245,85247],{"className":47,"code":85246,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[52,85248,85249],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85250,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85252,8875],{"class":69},[55,85254,2889],{"class":73},[55,85256,7263],{"class":77},[55,85258,2889],{"class":73},[55,85260,854],{"class":69},[55,85262,2884],{"class":73},[55,85264,654],{"class":77},[55,85266,2889],{"class":73},[55,85268,83],{"class":69},[55,85270,2884],{"class":73},[55,85272,85110],{"class":77},[55,85274,2889],{"class":73},[55,85276,854],{"class":69},[55,85278,84711],{"class":130},[55,85280,8906],{"class":69},[14,85282,85283,85284,85287],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[52,85285,85286],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[37,85289,8012,85291,85293],{"id":85290},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[52,85292,82526],{}," with empty iterables",[14,85295,85296],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[45,85298,85300],{"className":47,"code":85299,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[52,85301,85302,85310],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85303,85304,85306,85308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85305,243],{"class":61},[55,85307,66],{"class":65},[55,85309,7433],{"class":69},[55,85311,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85313,117],{"class":116},[55,85315,120],{"class":69},[55,85317,84250],{"class":116},[55,85319,120],{"class":69},[55,85321,275],{"class":123},[55,85323,1357],{"class":69},[14,85325,314],{},[45,85327,85329],{"className":47,"code":85328,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[52,85330,85331],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85332,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85334,40300],{"class":850},[55,85336,854],{"class":69},[55,85338,85201],{"class":116},[55,85340,6960],{"class":69},[55,85342,83496],{"class":61},[55,85344,11793],{"class":65},[55,85346,83501],{"class":61},[14,85348,85349,85350,854],{},"To avoid that, use ",[52,85351,82526],{},[45,85353,85355],{"className":47,"code":85354,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[52,85356,85357,85365],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85358,85359,85361,85363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85360,243],{"class":61},[55,85362,66],{"class":65},[55,85364,7433],{"class":69},[55,85366,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85368,117],{"class":116},[55,85370,120],{"class":69},[55,85372,84250],{"class":116},[55,85374,120],{"class":69},[55,85376,275],{"class":123},[55,85378,83],{"class":69},[55,85380,26119],{"class":8773},[55,85382,66],{"class":65},[55,85384,3368],{"class":3443},[55,85386,1357],{"class":69},[14,85388,314],{},[45,85390,85391],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,85392,85393],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85394,85395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85396,11407],{"class":3443},[14,85398,85399],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[14,85401,85402],{},"Remember:",[21,85404,85405,85413],{},[24,85406,85407,85409,85410,85412],{},[52,85408,82526],{}," works only when ",[52,85411,83825],{}," gets one iterable argument",[24,85414,85415,85416],{},"It does not work with ",[52,85417,85418],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[14,85420,85421,85422,198],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[194,85423,65435],{"href":72469},[37,85425,10343],{"id":10342},[14,85427,56372,85428,198],{},[52,85429,83825],{},[1425,85431,85433,85434],{"id":85432},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[52,85435,82526],{},[14,85437,2589,85438,854],{},[52,85439,40300],{},[45,85441,85443],{"className":47,"code":85442,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[52,85444,85445,85453],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85446,85447,85449,85451],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85448,7375],{"class":61},[55,85450,66],{"class":65},[55,85452,7433],{"class":69},[55,85454,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85456,117],{"class":116},[55,85458,120],{"class":69},[55,85460,84250],{"class":116},[55,85462,120],{"class":69},[55,85464,7404],{"class":123},[55,85466,1357],{"class":69},[14,85468,85469],{},"Fix it by:",[21,85471,85472,85475],{},[24,85473,85474],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[24,85476,85477,85478],{},"or using ",[52,85479,82526],{},[45,85481,85483],{"className":47,"code":85482,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[52,85484,85485,85493],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85486,85487,85489,85491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85488,7375],{"class":61},[55,85490,66],{"class":65},[55,85492,7433],{"class":69},[55,85494,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85516,85518],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85496,117],{"class":116},[55,85498,120],{"class":69},[55,85500,84250],{"class":116},[55,85502,120],{"class":69},[55,85504,7404],{"class":123},[55,85506,83],{"class":69},[55,85508,26119],{"class":8773},[55,85510,66],{"class":65},[55,85512,74],{"class":73},[55,85514,85515],{"class":77},"no items",[55,85517,74],{"class":73},[55,85519,1357],{"class":69},[1425,85521,85523],{"id":85522},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[14,85525,85526],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[45,85528,85530],{"className":47,"code":85529,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[52,85531,85532,85556],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85533,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85535,8763],{"class":61},[55,85537,66],{"class":65},[55,85539,3211],{"class":69},[55,85541,250],{"class":130},[55,85543,83],{"class":69},[55,85545,86],{"class":73},[55,85547,1149],{"class":77},[55,85549,74],{"class":73},[55,85551,83],{"class":69},[55,85553,4196],{"class":130},[55,85555,386],{"class":69},[55,85557,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85559,117],{"class":116},[55,85561,120],{"class":69},[55,85563,84250],{"class":116},[55,85565,120],{"class":69},[55,85567,8802],{"class":123},[55,85569,1357],{"class":69},[14,85571,314],{},[45,85573,85575],{"className":47,"code":85574,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"TypeError\n",[52,85576,85577],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85578,85579],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85580,85574],{"class":850},[14,85582,85583],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[14,85585,85586,85587,198],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[52,85588,83825],{},[45,85590,85592],{"className":47,"code":85591,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[52,85593,85594,85618,85644],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85595,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85597,8763],{"class":61},[55,85599,66],{"class":65},[55,85601,3211],{"class":69},[55,85603,250],{"class":130},[55,85605,83],{"class":69},[55,85607,86],{"class":73},[55,85609,1149],{"class":77},[55,85611,74],{"class":73},[55,85613,83],{"class":69},[55,85615,4196],{"class":130},[55,85617,386],{"class":69},[55,85619,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85621,243],{"class":61},[55,85623,66],{"class":65},[55,85625,3211],{"class":69},[55,85627,1772],{"class":850},[55,85629,120],{"class":69},[55,85631,1757],{"class":123},[55,85633,970],{"class":69},[55,85635,3468],{"class":959},[55,85637,3471],{"class":61},[55,85639,3474],{"class":959},[55,85641,14163],{"class":61},[55,85643,386],{"class":69},[55,85645,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,85647,117],{"class":116},[55,85649,120],{"class":69},[55,85651,84250],{"class":116},[55,85653,120],{"class":69},[55,85655,275],{"class":123},[55,85657,1357],{"class":69},[14,85659,314],{},[45,85661,85662],{"className":47,"code":2534,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,85663,85664],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85665,85666],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85667,2534],{"class":130},[14,85669,85670,85671,198],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[52,85672,2592],{},[1425,85674,85676],{"id":85675},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[14,85678,85679],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[45,85681,85683],{"className":47,"code":85682,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[52,85684,85685,85717],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85686,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85688,3661],{"class":61},[55,85690,66],{"class":65},[55,85692,3211],{"class":69},[55,85694,74],{"class":73},[55,85696,79150],{"class":77},[55,85698,74],{"class":73},[55,85700,83],{"class":69},[55,85702,86],{"class":73},[55,85704,57365],{"class":77},[55,85706,74],{"class":73},[55,85708,83],{"class":69},[55,85710,86],{"class":73},[55,85712,79167],{"class":77},[55,85714,74],{"class":73},[55,85716,386],{"class":69},[55,85718,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85720,117],{"class":116},[55,85722,120],{"class":69},[55,85724,84250],{"class":116},[55,85726,120],{"class":69},[55,85728,3702],{"class":123},[55,85730,1357],{"class":69},[14,85732,314],{},[45,85734,85735],{"className":47,"code":84946,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,85736,85737],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85738,85739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85740,84946],{"class":61},[14,85742,85743],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[45,85745,85747],{"className":47,"code":85746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[52,85748,85749,85781],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85750,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85752,3661],{"class":61},[55,85754,66],{"class":65},[55,85756,3211],{"class":69},[55,85758,74],{"class":73},[55,85760,79150],{"class":77},[55,85762,74],{"class":73},[55,85764,83],{"class":69},[55,85766,86],{"class":73},[55,85768,57365],{"class":77},[55,85770,74],{"class":73},[55,85772,83],{"class":69},[55,85774,86],{"class":73},[55,85776,79167],{"class":77},[55,85778,74],{"class":73},[55,85780,386],{"class":69},[55,85782,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85784,117],{"class":116},[55,85786,120],{"class":69},[55,85788,84250],{"class":116},[55,85790,120],{"class":69},[55,85792,3702],{"class":123},[55,85794,83],{"class":69},[55,85796,21176],{"class":8773},[55,85798,66],{"class":65},[55,85800,3032],{"class":850},[55,85802,198],{"class":69},[55,85804,8236],{"class":24347},[55,85806,1357],{"class":69},[14,85808,314],{},[45,85810,85811],{"className":47,"code":84946,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,85812,85813],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85814,85815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85816,84946],{"class":61},[14,85818,85819],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[37,85821,4553,85823],{"id":85822},"when-to-use-min",[52,85824,83825],{},[14,85826,1440,85827,10199],{},[52,85828,83825],{},[21,85830,85831,85834,85839],{},[24,85832,85833],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[24,85835,85836,85837],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[52,85838,14438],{},[24,85840,85841],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[14,85843,1440,85844,85848],{},[194,85845,85846],{"href":74112},[52,85847,74015],{}," if you need all items in order.",[14,85850,1440,85851,85856],{},[194,85852,85854],{"href":85853},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[52,85855,82171],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[37,85858,1298],{"id":1297},[14,85860,83830],{},[21,85862,85863,85871,85874,85879,85886],{},[24,85864,85865,85866,85868,85869],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[52,85867,83825],{}," without using ",[52,85870,82526],{},[24,85872,85873],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[24,85875,8048,85876,85878],{},[52,85877,83825],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[24,85880,4296,85881,85883,85884,84987],{},[52,85882,14438],{}," affects comparison but ",[52,85885,83825],{},[24,85887,8012,85888,85890],{},[52,85889,82526],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[14,85892,85893,85894,85896],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[52,85895,83825],{},", these quick checks can help:",[45,85898,85900],{"className":47,"code":85899,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[52,85901,85902,85916,85926,85940,85954,85976],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,85903,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,85905,117],{"class":116},[55,85907,120],{"class":69},[55,85909,1396],{"class":850},[55,85911,120],{"class":69},[55,85913,8802],{"class":123},[55,85915,1357],{"class":69},[55,85917,85918,85920,85922,85924],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,85919,117],{"class":116},[55,85921,120],{"class":69},[55,85923,8802],{"class":123},[55,85925,103],{"class":69},[55,85927,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,85929,117],{"class":116},[55,85931,120],{"class":69},[55,85933,940],{"class":116},[55,85935,120],{"class":69},[55,85937,8802],{"class":123},[55,85939,1357],{"class":69},[55,85941,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,85943,117],{"class":116},[55,85945,120],{"class":69},[55,85947,84250],{"class":116},[55,85949,120],{"class":69},[55,85951,8802],{"class":123},[55,85953,1357],{"class":69},[55,85955,85956,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,85957,117],{"class":116},[55,85959,120],{"class":69},[55,85961,84250],{"class":116},[55,85963,120],{"class":69},[55,85965,8802],{"class":123},[55,85967,83],{"class":69},[55,85969,26119],{"class":8773},[55,85971,66],{"class":65},[55,85973,3368],{"class":3443},[55,85975,1357],{"class":69},[55,85977,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,85979,117],{"class":116},[55,85981,120],{"class":69},[55,85983,84250],{"class":116},[55,85985,120],{"class":69},[55,85987,3702],{"class":123},[55,85989,83],{"class":69},[55,85991,21176],{"class":8773},[55,85993,66],{"class":65},[55,85995,940],{"class":116},[55,85997,1357],{"class":69},[14,85999,86000,86001,86004,86005,86007],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[52,86002,86003],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[52,86006,8802],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[37,86009,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,86011,4733,86013,4736],{"id":86012},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[52,86014,83825],{},[14,86016,86017],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[1425,86019,4761,86021,84006],{"id":86020},"can-min-work-with-strings",[52,86022,83825],{},[14,86024,86025],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[1425,86027,71237],{"id":71236},[14,86029,86030,52090,86032,84018,86034,36217],{},[52,86031,83825],{},[52,86033,40300],{},[52,86035,82526],{},[1425,86037,4733,86039,86041,86042,2078],{"id":86038},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[52,86040,14438],{}," do in ",[52,86043,83825],{},[14,86045,86046,86048,86049,86051],{},[52,86047,14438],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[52,86050,83079],{}," compares strings by length.",[1425,86053,4771,86055,3983,86057,2078],{"id":86054},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[52,86056,83825],{},[52,86058,74015],{},[14,86060,86061,86063,86064,86066],{},[52,86062,83825],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[52,86065,74015],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[37,86068,1495],{"id":1494},[21,86070,86071,86077,86083,86089,86093,86097],{},[24,86072,86073],{},[194,86074,86075,3098],{"href":85853},[52,86076,82171],{},[24,86078,86079],{},[194,86080,86081,3098],{"href":74112},[52,86082,74015],{},[24,86084,86085],{},[194,86086,86087,3098],{"href":41955},[52,86088,889],{},[24,86090,86091],{},[194,86092,79463],{"href":77966},[24,86094,86095],{},[194,86096,58553],{"href":58552},[24,86098,86099],{},[194,86100,65435],{"href":72469},[1524,86102,86103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":86105},[86106,86107,86109,86115,86117,86119,86124,86126,86132,86134,86135,86146],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":84309,"depth":106,"text":86108},"What min() does",{"id":84330,"depth":106,"text":84331,"children":86110},[86111,86112,86113,86114],{"id":84415,"depth":113,"text":84418},{"id":84477,"depth":113,"text":84480},{"id":84527,"depth":113,"text":84530},{"id":84621,"depth":113,"text":84624},{"id":84683,"depth":106,"text":86116},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84818,"depth":106,"text":86118},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84965,"depth":106,"text":86120,"children":86121},"Using min() with a key function",[86122,86123],{"id":84993,"depth":113,"text":84994},{"id":85068,"depth":113,"text":85069},{"id":85290,"depth":106,"text":86125},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10342,"depth":106,"text":10343,"children":86127},[86128,86130,86131],{"id":85432,"depth":113,"text":86129},"Empty list without default",{"id":85522,"depth":113,"text":85523},{"id":85675,"depth":113,"text":85676},{"id":85822,"depth":106,"text":86133},"When to use min()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":86136},[86137,86139,86141,86142,86144],{"id":86012,"depth":113,"text":86138},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86020,"depth":113,"text":86140},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71236,"depth":113,"text":71237},{"id":86038,"depth":113,"text":86143},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86054,"depth":113,"text":86145},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84192,"description":86147},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86154,"title":86155,"body":86156,"description":88335,"extension":1546,"meta":88336,"navigation":109,"path":88337,"seo":88338,"stem":88339,"__hash__":88340},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86157,"toc":88299},[86158,86161,86167,86173,86175,86256,86265,86269,86274,86276,86321,86323,86403,86409,86411,86414,86446,86448,86466,86468,86541,86543,86562,86566,86569,86605,86607,86674,86748,86821,86826,86830,86836,86839,86856,86859,86861,86922,86924,86944,86950,86954,86957,87027,87030,87049,87054,87130,87133,87137,87143,87147,87152,87222,87226,87231,87305,87309,87312,87387,87398,87402,87407,87497,87502,87570,87573,87592,87603,87607,87610,87615,87618,87680,87683,87694,87699,87702,87705,87710,87713,87716,87720,87723,87729,87732,87743,87745,87807,87822,87828,87831,87834,87845,87856,87862,87865,87867,87929,87939,87945,87950,87956,87960,87966,87969,87990,87992,87997,88024,88027,88054,88057,88096,88099,88137,88140,88201,88204,88206,88210,88213,88217,88223,88231,88239,88243,88246,88250,88256,88258,88296],[10,86159,86155],{"id":86160},"python-open-function-explained",[14,86162,86163,86166],{},[52,86164,86165],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[14,86168,86169,86170,86172],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[52,86171,86165],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[37,86174,1588],{"id":1587},[45,86176,86178],{"className":47,"code":86177,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[52,86179,86180,86229,86245],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86181,86182,86185,86188,86190,86192,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203,86205,86207,86210,86212,86214,86217,86219,86221,86223,86227],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86183,86184],{"class":959},"with",[55,86186,86187],{"class":116}," open",[55,86189,120],{"class":69},[55,86191,74],{"class":73},[55,86193,86194],{"class":77},"example.txt",[55,86196,74],{"class":73},[55,86198,83],{"class":69},[55,86200,86],{"class":73},[55,86202,60102],{"class":77},[55,86204,74],{"class":73},[55,86206,83],{"class":69},[55,86208,86209],{"class":8773}," encoding",[55,86211,66],{"class":65},[55,86213,74],{"class":73},[55,86215,86216],{"class":77},"utf-8",[55,86218,74],{"class":73},[55,86220,970],{"class":69},[55,86222,46956],{"class":959},[55,86224,86226],{"class":86225},"sMMDD"," file",[55,86228,979],{"class":69},[55,86230,86231,86234,86236,86238,86240,86243],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,86232,86233],{"class":61},"    content ",[55,86235,66],{"class":65},[55,86237,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86239,198],{"class":69},[55,86241,86242],{"class":123},"read",[55,86244,8239],{"class":69},[55,86246,86247,86249,86251,86254],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,86248,985],{"class":116},[55,86250,120],{"class":69},[55,86252,86253],{"class":123},"content",[55,86255,103],{"class":69},[14,86257,1440,86258,86260,86261,86264],{},[52,86259,86184],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[52,86262,86263],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[37,86266,86268],{"id":86267},"what-open-does","What open() does",[14,86270,86271,86273],{},[52,86272,86165],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[14,86275,211],{},[21,86277,86278,86281,86286,86291],{},[24,86279,86280],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[24,86282,40502,86283,86285],{},[3332,86284,4222],{}," read or write anything by itself",[24,86287,17020,86288],{},[3332,86289,86290],{},"file object",[24,86292,86293,86294],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[21,86295,86296,86301,86306,86311,86316],{},[24,86297,86298],{},[52,86299,86300],{},"read()",[24,86302,86303],{},[52,86304,86305],{},"readline()",[24,86307,86308],{},[52,86309,86310],{},"readlines()",[24,86312,86313],{},[52,86314,86315],{},"write()",[24,86317,86318],{},[52,86319,86320],{},"close()",[14,86322,233],{},[45,86324,86326],{"className":47,"code":86325,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[52,86327,86328,86367,86382,86392],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86329,86330,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86331,86332],{"class":86225},"file",[55,86334,1280],{"class":65},[55,86336,86187],{"class":116},[55,86338,120],{"class":69},[55,86340,74],{"class":73},[55,86342,86194],{"class":77},[55,86344,74],{"class":73},[55,86346,83],{"class":69},[55,86348,86],{"class":73},[55,86350,60102],{"class":77},[55,86352,74],{"class":73},[55,86354,83],{"class":69},[55,86356,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86358,66],{"class":65},[55,86360,74],{"class":73},[55,86362,86216],{"class":77},[55,86364,74],{"class":73},[55,86366,103],{"class":69},[55,86368,86369,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,86370,86371],{"class":61},"content ",[55,86373,66],{"class":65},[55,86375,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86377,198],{"class":69},[55,86379,86242],{"class":123},[55,86381,8239],{"class":69},[55,86383,86384,86386,86388,86390],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,86385,117],{"class":116},[55,86387,120],{"class":69},[55,86389,86253],{"class":123},[55,86391,103],{"class":69},[55,86393,86394,86396,86398,86401],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,86395,86332],{"class":86225},[55,86397,198],{"class":69},[55,86399,86400],{"class":123},"close",[55,86402,8239],{"class":69},[14,86404,86405,86406,86408],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[52,86407,86184],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[37,86410,1740],{"id":1739},[14,86412,86413],{},"A common form is:",[45,86415,86417],{"className":47,"code":86416,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[52,86418,86419],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86420,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86432,86434,86436,86438,86440,86442,86444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86422,42023],{"class":116},[55,86424,120],{"class":69},[55,86426,86332],{"class":86225},[55,86428,83],{"class":69},[55,86430,86431],{"class":123}," mode",[55,86433,83],{"class":69},[55,86435,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86437,66],{"class":65},[55,86439,74],{"class":73},[55,86441,86216],{"class":77},[55,86443,74],{"class":73},[55,86445,103],{"class":69},[14,86447,64641],{},[21,86449,86450,86455,86460],{},[24,86451,86452,86454],{},[52,86453,86332],{}," is the file name or file path",[24,86456,86457,86459],{},[52,86458,20515],{}," controls how the file is opened",[24,86461,86462,86465],{},[52,86463,86464],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[14,86467,233],{},[45,86469,86471],{"className":47,"code":86470,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[52,86472,86473,86516,86531],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86474,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86476,86184],{"class":959},[55,86478,86187],{"class":116},[55,86480,120],{"class":69},[55,86482,74],{"class":73},[55,86484,86485],{"class":77},"notes.txt",[55,86487,74],{"class":73},[55,86489,83],{"class":69},[55,86491,86],{"class":73},[55,86493,60102],{"class":77},[55,86495,74],{"class":73},[55,86497,83],{"class":69},[55,86499,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86501,66],{"class":65},[55,86503,74],{"class":73},[55,86505,86216],{"class":77},[55,86507,74],{"class":73},[55,86509,970],{"class":69},[55,86511,46956],{"class":959},[55,86513,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86515,979],{"class":69},[55,86517,86518,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,86519,86520],{"class":61},"    text ",[55,86522,66],{"class":65},[55,86524,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86526,198],{"class":69},[55,86528,86242],{"class":123},[55,86530,8239],{"class":69},[55,86532,86533,86535,86537,86539],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,86534,985],{"class":116},[55,86536,120],{"class":69},[55,86538,34308],{"class":123},[55,86540,103],{"class":69},[14,86542,19554],{},[21,86544,86545,86551,86556],{},[24,86546,86547,86550],{},[52,86548,86549],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[24,86552,86553,86555],{},[52,86554,86263],{}," means open for reading",[24,86557,86558,86561],{},[52,86559,86560],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[37,86563,86565],{"id":86564},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[14,86567,86568],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[21,86570,86571,86576,86582,86587,86593,86599],{},[24,86572,86573,86575],{},[52,86574,86263],{}," = read a text file",[24,86577,86578,86581],{},[52,86579,86580],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[24,86583,86584,86586],{},[52,86585,17693],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[24,86588,86589,86592],{},[52,86590,86591],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[24,86594,86595,86598],{},[52,86596,86597],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[24,86600,86601,86604],{},[52,86602,86603],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[14,86606,1708],{},[45,86608,86610],{"className":47,"code":86609,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[52,86611,86612,86617,86660],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86613,86614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86615,86616],{"class":137},"# Read a text file\n",[55,86618,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,86620,86184],{"class":959},[55,86622,86187],{"class":116},[55,86624,120],{"class":69},[55,86626,74],{"class":73},[55,86628,86629],{"class":77},"data.txt",[55,86631,74],{"class":73},[55,86633,83],{"class":69},[55,86635,86],{"class":73},[55,86637,60102],{"class":77},[55,86639,74],{"class":73},[55,86641,83],{"class":69},[55,86643,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86645,66],{"class":65},[55,86647,74],{"class":73},[55,86649,86216],{"class":77},[55,86651,74],{"class":73},[55,86653,970],{"class":69},[55,86655,46956],{"class":959},[55,86657,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86659,979],{"class":69},[55,86661,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,86663,985],{"class":116},[55,86665,120],{"class":69},[55,86667,86332],{"class":86225},[55,86669,198],{"class":69},[55,86671,86242],{"class":123},[55,86673,6788],{"class":69},[45,86675,86677],{"className":47,"code":86676,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[52,86678,86679,86684,86726],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86680,86681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86682,86683],{"class":137},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[55,86685,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,86687,86184],{"class":959},[55,86689,86187],{"class":116},[55,86691,120],{"class":69},[55,86693,74],{"class":73},[55,86695,86629],{"class":77},[55,86697,74],{"class":73},[55,86699,83],{"class":69},[55,86701,86],{"class":73},[55,86703,60085],{"class":77},[55,86705,74],{"class":73},[55,86707,83],{"class":69},[55,86709,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86711,66],{"class":65},[55,86713,74],{"class":73},[55,86715,86216],{"class":77},[55,86717,74],{"class":73},[55,86719,970],{"class":69},[55,86721,46956],{"class":959},[55,86723,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86725,979],{"class":69},[55,86727,86728,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86744,86746],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,86729,86730],{"class":86225},"    file",[55,86732,198],{"class":69},[55,86734,69789],{"class":123},[55,86736,120],{"class":69},[55,86738,74],{"class":73},[55,86740,34467],{"class":77},[55,86742,86743],{"class":844},"\\n",[55,86745,74],{"class":73},[55,86747,103],{"class":69},[45,86749,86751],{"className":47,"code":86750,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[52,86752,86753,86758,86800],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86754,86755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86756,86757],{"class":137},"# Append to a text file\n",[55,86759,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,86761,86184],{"class":959},[55,86763,86187],{"class":116},[55,86765,120],{"class":69},[55,86767,74],{"class":73},[55,86769,86629],{"class":77},[55,86771,74],{"class":73},[55,86773,83],{"class":69},[55,86775,86],{"class":73},[55,86777,194],{"class":77},[55,86779,74],{"class":73},[55,86781,83],{"class":69},[55,86783,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86785,66],{"class":65},[55,86787,74],{"class":73},[55,86789,86216],{"class":77},[55,86791,74],{"class":73},[55,86793,970],{"class":69},[55,86795,46956],{"class":959},[55,86797,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86799,979],{"class":69},[55,86801,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86815,86817,86819],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,86803,86730],{"class":86225},[55,86805,198],{"class":69},[55,86807,69789],{"class":123},[55,86809,120],{"class":69},[55,86811,74],{"class":73},[55,86813,86814],{"class":77},"Another line",[55,86816,86743],{"class":844},[55,86818,74],{"class":73},[55,86820,103],{"class":69},[14,86822,68942,86823,86825],{},[52,86824,86580],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[37,86827,86829],{"id":86828},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[14,86831,86832,21572,86834,198],{},[52,86833,86165],{},[3332,86835,86290],{},[14,86837,86838],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[21,86840,86841,86846,86851],{},[24,86842,86843],{},[52,86844,86845],{},"file.read()",[24,86847,86848],{},[52,86849,86850],{},"file.write()",[24,86852,86853],{},[52,86854,86855],{},"file.close()",[14,86857,86858],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[14,86860,233],{},[45,86862,86864],{"className":47,"code":86863,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[52,86865,86866,86908],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86867,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86869,86184],{"class":959},[55,86871,86187],{"class":116},[55,86873,120],{"class":69},[55,86875,74],{"class":73},[55,86877,86194],{"class":77},[55,86879,74],{"class":73},[55,86881,83],{"class":69},[55,86883,86],{"class":73},[55,86885,60102],{"class":77},[55,86887,74],{"class":73},[55,86889,83],{"class":69},[55,86891,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86893,66],{"class":65},[55,86895,74],{"class":73},[55,86897,86216],{"class":77},[55,86899,74],{"class":73},[55,86901,970],{"class":69},[55,86903,46956],{"class":959},[55,86905,86226],{"class":86225},[55,86907,979],{"class":69},[55,86909,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,86911,985],{"class":116},[55,86913,120],{"class":69},[55,86915,1396],{"class":850},[55,86917,120],{"class":69},[55,86919,86332],{"class":86225},[55,86921,1357],{"class":69},[14,86923,29627],{},[45,86925,86927],{"className":47,"code":86926,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[52,86928,86929],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86930,86931,86933,86935,86937,86940,86942],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86932,2878],{"class":65},[55,86934,2881],{"class":1648},[55,86936,2884],{"class":73},[55,86938,86939],{"class":77},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[55,86941,2889],{"class":73},[55,86943,2892],{"class":65},[14,86945,86946,86947,86949],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[52,86948,86165],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[37,86951,86953],{"id":86952},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[14,86955,86956],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[45,86958,86959],{"className":47,"code":86177,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,86960,86961,87003,87017],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,86962,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,86964,86184],{"class":959},[55,86966,86187],{"class":116},[55,86968,120],{"class":69},[55,86970,74],{"class":73},[55,86972,86194],{"class":77},[55,86974,74],{"class":73},[55,86976,83],{"class":69},[55,86978,86],{"class":73},[55,86980,60102],{"class":77},[55,86982,74],{"class":73},[55,86984,83],{"class":69},[55,86986,86209],{"class":8773},[55,86988,66],{"class":65},[55,86990,74],{"class":73},[55,86992,86216],{"class":77},[55,86994,74],{"class":73},[55,86996,970],{"class":69},[55,86998,46956],{"class":959},[55,87000,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87002,979],{"class":69},[55,87004,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87006,86233],{"class":61},[55,87008,66],{"class":65},[55,87010,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87012,198],{"class":69},[55,87014,86242],{"class":123},[55,87016,8239],{"class":69},[55,87018,87019,87021,87023,87025],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,87020,985],{"class":116},[55,87022,120],{"class":69},[55,87024,86253],{"class":123},[55,87026,103],{"class":69},[14,87028,87029],{},"Why this is recommended:",[21,87031,87032,87037,87043,87046],{},[24,87033,87034,87036],{},[52,87035,86184],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[24,87038,87039,87040,87042],{},"It is safer than calling ",[52,87041,86320],{}," yourself",[24,87044,87045],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[24,87047,87048],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[14,87050,83342,87051,87053],{},[52,87052,86184],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[45,87055,87056],{"className":47,"code":86325,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,87057,87058,87096,87110,87120],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87059,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87061,86332],{"class":86225},[55,87063,1280],{"class":65},[55,87065,86187],{"class":116},[55,87067,120],{"class":69},[55,87069,74],{"class":73},[55,87071,86194],{"class":77},[55,87073,74],{"class":73},[55,87075,83],{"class":69},[55,87077,86],{"class":73},[55,87079,60102],{"class":77},[55,87081,74],{"class":73},[55,87083,83],{"class":69},[55,87085,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87087,66],{"class":65},[55,87089,74],{"class":73},[55,87091,86216],{"class":77},[55,87093,74],{"class":73},[55,87095,103],{"class":69},[55,87097,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87099,86371],{"class":61},[55,87101,66],{"class":65},[55,87103,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87105,198],{"class":69},[55,87107,86242],{"class":123},[55,87109,8239],{"class":69},[55,87111,87112,87114,87116,87118],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,87113,117],{"class":116},[55,87115,120],{"class":69},[55,87117,86253],{"class":123},[55,87119,103],{"class":69},[55,87121,87122,87124,87126,87128],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,87123,86332],{"class":86225},[55,87125,198],{"class":69},[55,87127,86400],{"class":123},[55,87129,8239],{"class":69},[14,87131,87132],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[37,87134,87136],{"id":87135},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[14,87138,87139,87140,87142],{},"Use mode ",[52,87141,86263],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[1425,87144,87146],{"id":87145},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[14,87148,87149,87151],{},[52,87150,86300],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[45,87153,87154],{"className":47,"code":86177,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,87155,87156,87198,87212],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87157,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87159,86184],{"class":959},[55,87161,86187],{"class":116},[55,87163,120],{"class":69},[55,87165,74],{"class":73},[55,87167,86194],{"class":77},[55,87169,74],{"class":73},[55,87171,83],{"class":69},[55,87173,86],{"class":73},[55,87175,60102],{"class":77},[55,87177,74],{"class":73},[55,87179,83],{"class":69},[55,87181,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87183,66],{"class":65},[55,87185,74],{"class":73},[55,87187,86216],{"class":77},[55,87189,74],{"class":73},[55,87191,970],{"class":69},[55,87193,46956],{"class":959},[55,87195,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87197,979],{"class":69},[55,87199,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87201,86233],{"class":61},[55,87203,66],{"class":65},[55,87205,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87207,198],{"class":69},[55,87209,86242],{"class":123},[55,87211,8239],{"class":69},[55,87213,87214,87216,87218,87220],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,87215,985],{"class":116},[55,87217,120],{"class":69},[55,87219,86253],{"class":123},[55,87221,103],{"class":69},[1425,87223,87225],{"id":87224},"read-one-line","Read one line",[14,87227,87228,87230],{},[52,87229,86305],{}," reads one line at a time.",[45,87232,87234],{"className":47,"code":87233,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[52,87235,87236,87278,87294],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87237,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87239,86184],{"class":959},[55,87241,86187],{"class":116},[55,87243,120],{"class":69},[55,87245,74],{"class":73},[55,87247,86194],{"class":77},[55,87249,74],{"class":73},[55,87251,83],{"class":69},[55,87253,86],{"class":73},[55,87255,60102],{"class":77},[55,87257,74],{"class":73},[55,87259,83],{"class":69},[55,87261,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87263,66],{"class":65},[55,87265,74],{"class":73},[55,87267,86216],{"class":77},[55,87269,74],{"class":73},[55,87271,970],{"class":69},[55,87273,46956],{"class":959},[55,87275,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87277,979],{"class":69},[55,87279,87280,87283,87285,87287,87289,87292],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87281,87282],{"class":61},"    first_line ",[55,87284,66],{"class":65},[55,87286,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87288,198],{"class":69},[55,87290,87291],{"class":123},"readline",[55,87293,8239],{"class":69},[55,87295,87296,87298,87300,87303],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,87297,985],{"class":116},[55,87299,120],{"class":69},[55,87301,87302],{"class":123},"first_line",[55,87304,103],{"class":69},[1425,87306,87308],{"id":87307},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[14,87310,87311],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[45,87313,87315],{"className":47,"code":87314,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[52,87316,87317,87359,87373],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87318,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87320,86184],{"class":959},[55,87322,86187],{"class":116},[55,87324,120],{"class":69},[55,87326,74],{"class":73},[55,87328,86194],{"class":77},[55,87330,74],{"class":73},[55,87332,83],{"class":69},[55,87334,86],{"class":73},[55,87336,60102],{"class":77},[55,87338,74],{"class":73},[55,87340,83],{"class":69},[55,87342,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87344,66],{"class":65},[55,87346,74],{"class":73},[55,87348,86216],{"class":77},[55,87350,74],{"class":73},[55,87352,970],{"class":69},[55,87354,46956],{"class":959},[55,87356,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87358,979],{"class":69},[55,87360,87361,87364,87367,87369,87371],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87362,87363],{"class":959},"    for",[55,87365,87366],{"class":61}," line ",[55,87368,3474],{"class":959},[55,87370,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87372,979],{"class":69},[55,87374,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,87376,46936],{"class":116},[55,87378,120],{"class":69},[55,87380,57],{"class":123},[55,87382,198],{"class":69},[55,87384,8230],{"class":123},[55,87386,6788],{"class":69},[14,87388,87389,87390,2465,87394,198],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[194,87391,87393],{"href":87392},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[194,87395,87397],{"href":87396},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[37,87399,87401],{"id":87400},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[14,87403,1440,87404,87406],{},[52,87405,86580],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[45,87408,87410],{"className":47,"code":87409,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[52,87411,87412,87455,87476],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87413,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87415,86184],{"class":959},[55,87417,86187],{"class":116},[55,87419,120],{"class":69},[55,87421,74],{"class":73},[55,87423,87424],{"class":77},"output.txt",[55,87426,74],{"class":73},[55,87428,83],{"class":69},[55,87430,86],{"class":73},[55,87432,60085],{"class":77},[55,87434,74],{"class":73},[55,87436,83],{"class":69},[55,87438,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87440,66],{"class":65},[55,87442,74],{"class":73},[55,87444,86216],{"class":77},[55,87446,74],{"class":73},[55,87448,970],{"class":69},[55,87450,46956],{"class":959},[55,87452,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87454,979],{"class":69},[55,87456,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87470,87472,87474],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87458,86730],{"class":86225},[55,87460,198],{"class":69},[55,87462,69789],{"class":123},[55,87464,120],{"class":69},[55,87466,74],{"class":73},[55,87468,87469],{"class":77},"First line",[55,87471,86743],{"class":844},[55,87473,74],{"class":73},[55,87475,103],{"class":69},[55,87477,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87491,87493,87495],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,87479,86730],{"class":86225},[55,87481,198],{"class":69},[55,87483,69789],{"class":123},[55,87485,120],{"class":69},[55,87487,74],{"class":73},[55,87489,87490],{"class":77},"Second line",[55,87492,86743],{"class":844},[55,87494,74],{"class":73},[55,87496,103],{"class":69},[14,87498,1440,87499,87501],{},[52,87500,17693],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[45,87503,87505],{"className":47,"code":87504,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[52,87506,87507,87549],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87508,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87510,86184],{"class":959},[55,87512,86187],{"class":116},[55,87514,120],{"class":69},[55,87516,74],{"class":73},[55,87518,87424],{"class":77},[55,87520,74],{"class":73},[55,87522,83],{"class":69},[55,87524,86],{"class":73},[55,87526,194],{"class":77},[55,87528,74],{"class":73},[55,87530,83],{"class":69},[55,87532,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87534,66],{"class":65},[55,87536,74],{"class":73},[55,87538,86216],{"class":77},[55,87540,74],{"class":73},[55,87542,970],{"class":69},[55,87544,46956],{"class":959},[55,87546,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87548,979],{"class":69},[55,87550,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87564,87566,87568],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87552,86730],{"class":86225},[55,87554,198],{"class":69},[55,87556,69789],{"class":123},[55,87558,120],{"class":69},[55,87560,74],{"class":73},[55,87562,87563],{"class":77},"Third line",[55,87565,86743],{"class":844},[55,87567,74],{"class":73},[55,87569,103],{"class":69},[14,87571,87572],{},"Important detail:",[21,87574,87575,87580,87587],{},[24,87576,87577,87579],{},[52,87578,86315],{}," writes a string",[24,87581,87582,13650,87584,87586],{},[52,87583,86315],{},[3332,87585,4222],{}," add a newline for you",[24,87588,87589,87590,87042],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[52,87591,86743],{},[14,87593,87594,87595,2465,87599,198],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[194,87596,87598],{"href":87597},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[194,87600,87602],{"href":87601},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[37,87604,87606],{"id":87605},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[14,87608,87609],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[1425,87611,87613],{"id":87612},"encodingutf-8",[52,87614,86560],{},[14,87616,87617],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[45,87619,87621],{"className":47,"code":87620,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[52,87622,87623,87666],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87624,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87626,86184],{"class":959},[55,87628,86187],{"class":116},[55,87630,120],{"class":69},[55,87632,74],{"class":73},[55,87634,87635],{"class":77},"message.txt",[55,87637,74],{"class":73},[55,87639,83],{"class":69},[55,87641,86],{"class":73},[55,87643,60102],{"class":77},[55,87645,74],{"class":73},[55,87647,83],{"class":69},[55,87649,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87651,66],{"class":65},[55,87653,74],{"class":73},[55,87655,86216],{"class":77},[55,87657,74],{"class":73},[55,87659,970],{"class":69},[55,87661,46956],{"class":959},[55,87663,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87665,979],{"class":69},[55,87667,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87669,985],{"class":116},[55,87671,120],{"class":69},[55,87673,86332],{"class":86225},[55,87675,198],{"class":69},[55,87677,86242],{"class":123},[55,87679,6788],{"class":69},[14,87681,87682],{},"Why it matters:",[21,87684,87685,87688,87691],{},[24,87686,87687],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[24,87689,87690],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[24,87692,87693],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[1425,87695,87697],{"id":87696},"newline",[52,87698,87696],{},[14,87700,87701],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[14,87703,87704],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[1425,87706,87708],{"id":87707},"buffering",[52,87709,87707],{},[14,87711,87712],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[14,87714,87715],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[37,87717,87719],{"id":87718},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[14,87721,87722],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[1425,87724,87726],{"id":87725},"filenotfounderror",[52,87727,87728],{},"FileNotFoundError",[14,87730,87731],{},"This happens when:",[21,87733,87734,87737,87740],{},[24,87735,87736],{},"the file does not exist",[24,87738,87739],{},"the path is wrong",[24,87741,87742],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[14,87744,233],{},[45,87746,87748],{"className":47,"code":87747,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[52,87749,87750,87793],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87751,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87753,86184],{"class":959},[55,87755,86187],{"class":116},[55,87757,120],{"class":69},[55,87759,74],{"class":73},[55,87761,87762],{"class":77},"missing.txt",[55,87764,74],{"class":73},[55,87766,83],{"class":69},[55,87768,86],{"class":73},[55,87770,60102],{"class":77},[55,87772,74],{"class":73},[55,87774,83],{"class":69},[55,87776,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87778,66],{"class":65},[55,87780,74],{"class":73},[55,87782,86216],{"class":77},[55,87784,74],{"class":73},[55,87786,970],{"class":69},[55,87788,46956],{"class":959},[55,87790,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87792,979],{"class":69},[55,87794,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87796,985],{"class":116},[55,87798,120],{"class":69},[55,87800,86332],{"class":86225},[55,87802,198],{"class":69},[55,87804,86242],{"class":123},[55,87806,6788],{"class":69},[14,87808,87809,87810,3983,87818,198],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[194,87811,87813,87814,87817],{"href":87812},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[55,87815,87816],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[194,87819,87821],{"href":87820},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[1425,87823,87825],{"id":87824},"permissionerror",[52,87826,87827],{},"PermissionError",[14,87829,87830],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[14,87832,87833],{},"Example causes:",[21,87835,87836,87839,87842],{},[24,87837,87838],{},"the file is protected",[24,87840,87841],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[24,87843,87844],{},"another program is blocking access",[14,87846,87847,87848],{},"Related page: ",[194,87849,87851,87852,87855],{"href":87850},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[55,87853,87854],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[1425,87857,87859],{"id":87858},"isadirectoryerror",[52,87860,87861],{},"IsADirectoryError",[14,87863,87864],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[14,87866,233],{},[45,87868,87870],{"className":47,"code":87869,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[52,87871,87872,87915],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,87873,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,87875,86184],{"class":959},[55,87877,86187],{"class":116},[55,87879,120],{"class":69},[55,87881,74],{"class":73},[55,87883,87884],{"class":77},"my_folder",[55,87886,74],{"class":73},[55,87888,83],{"class":69},[55,87890,86],{"class":73},[55,87892,60102],{"class":77},[55,87894,74],{"class":73},[55,87896,83],{"class":69},[55,87898,86209],{"class":8773},[55,87900,66],{"class":65},[55,87902,74],{"class":73},[55,87904,86216],{"class":77},[55,87906,74],{"class":73},[55,87908,970],{"class":69},[55,87910,46956],{"class":959},[55,87912,86226],{"class":86225},[55,87914,979],{"class":69},[55,87916,87917,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,87918,985],{"class":116},[55,87920,120],{"class":69},[55,87922,86332],{"class":86225},[55,87924,198],{"class":69},[55,87926,86242],{"class":123},[55,87928,6788],{"class":69},[14,87930,87847,87931],{},[194,87932,87934,87935,87938],{"href":87933},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[55,87936,87937],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[1425,87940,87942],{"id":87941},"unicodedecodeerror",[52,87943,87944],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[14,87946,87947,87948,198],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[52,87949,86165],{},[14,87951,87847,87952],{},[194,87953,87955],{"href":87954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[37,87957,87959],{"id":87958},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[14,87961,87962,87963,87965],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[52,87964,86165],{}," function.",[14,87967,87968],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[21,87970,87971,87974,87977,87983],{},[24,87972,87973],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[24,87975,87976],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[24,87978,87979,87980,87982],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[52,87981,86165],{}," itself",[24,87984,87985,87986],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[194,87987,87989],{"href":87988},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[37,87991,1298],{"id":1297},[14,87993,87994,87995,854],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[52,87996,86165],{},[21,87998,87999,88004,88010,88015,88018,88021],{},[24,88000,8012,88001,88003],{},[52,88002,86263],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[24,88005,88006,88007,88009],{},"Forgetting to use ",[52,88008,86464],{}," for text files",[24,88011,8012,88012,88014],{},[52,88013,86580],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[24,88016,88017],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[24,88019,88020],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[24,88022,88023],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[14,88025,88026],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[45,88028,88030],{"className":47,"code":88029,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[52,88031,88032,88039],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88033,88034,88036],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88035,34691],{"class":959},[55,88037,88038],{"class":61}," os\n",[55,88040,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88052],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88042,117],{"class":116},[55,88044,120],{"class":69},[55,88046,42222],{"class":123},[55,88048,198],{"class":69},[55,88050,88051],{"class":123},"getcwd",[55,88053,6788],{"class":69},[14,88055,88056],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[45,88058,88060],{"className":47,"code":88059,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[52,88061,88062,88068],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88063,88064,88066],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88065,34691],{"class":959},[55,88067,88038],{"class":61},[55,88069,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88081,88083,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88071,117],{"class":116},[55,88073,120],{"class":69},[55,88075,42222],{"class":123},[55,88077,198],{"class":69},[55,88079,88080],{"class":24347},"path",[55,88082,198],{"class":69},[55,88084,88085],{"class":123},"exists",[55,88087,120],{"class":69},[55,88089,74],{"class":73},[55,88091,86194],{"class":77},[55,88093,74],{"class":73},[55,88095,1357],{"class":69},[14,88097,88098],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[45,88100,88102],{"className":47,"code":88101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[52,88103,88104,88110],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88105,88106,88108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88107,34691],{"class":959},[55,88109,88038],{"class":61},[55,88111,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88127,88129,88131,88133,88135],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88113,117],{"class":116},[55,88115,120],{"class":69},[55,88117,42222],{"class":123},[55,88119,198],{"class":69},[55,88121,88080],{"class":24347},[55,88123,198],{"class":69},[55,88125,88126],{"class":123},"isfile",[55,88128,120],{"class":69},[55,88130,74],{"class":73},[55,88132,86194],{"class":77},[55,88134,74],{"class":73},[55,88136,1357],{"class":69},[14,88138,88139],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[45,88141,88143],{"className":47,"code":88142,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[52,88144,88145,88187],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88146,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88148,86184],{"class":959},[55,88150,86187],{"class":116},[55,88152,120],{"class":69},[55,88154,74],{"class":73},[55,88156,86194],{"class":77},[55,88158,74],{"class":73},[55,88160,83],{"class":69},[55,88162,86],{"class":73},[55,88164,60102],{"class":77},[55,88166,74],{"class":73},[55,88168,83],{"class":69},[55,88170,86209],{"class":8773},[55,88172,66],{"class":65},[55,88174,74],{"class":73},[55,88176,86216],{"class":77},[55,88178,74],{"class":73},[55,88180,970],{"class":69},[55,88182,46956],{"class":959},[55,88184,86226],{"class":86225},[55,88186,979],{"class":69},[55,88188,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88190,985],{"class":116},[55,88192,120],{"class":69},[55,88194,86332],{"class":86225},[55,88196,198],{"class":69},[55,88198,86242],{"class":123},[55,88200,6788],{"class":69},[14,88202,88203],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[37,88205,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,88207,88209],{"id":88208},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[14,88211,88212],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[1425,88214,88216],{"id":88215},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[14,88218,88219,88220,88222],{},"Use it inside a ",[52,88221,86184],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[1425,88224,4771,88226,3983,88228,88230],{"id":88225},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[52,88227,86580],{},[52,88229,17693],{}," mode?",[14,88232,88233,88235,88236,88238],{},[52,88234,86580],{}," overwrites the file. ",[52,88237,17693],{}," adds new content to the end.",[1425,88240,88242],{"id":88241},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[14,88244,88245],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[1425,88247,88249],{"id":88248},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[14,88251,88252,88253,88255],{},"It is a good habit. ",[52,88254,86560],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[37,88257,1495],{"id":1494},[21,88259,88260,88264,88268,88272,88276,88280,88284,88290],{},[24,88261,88262],{},[194,88263,87393],{"href":87392},[24,88265,88266],{},[194,88267,87598],{"href":87597},[24,88269,88270],{},[194,88271,87602],{"href":87601},[24,88273,88274],{},[194,88275,87397],{"href":87396},[24,88277,88278],{},[194,88279,87989],{"href":87988},[24,88281,88282],{},[194,88283,87821],{"href":87820},[24,88285,88286],{},[194,88287,87813,88288,87817],{"href":87812},[55,88289,87816],{},[24,88291,88292],{},[194,88293,87851,88294,87855],{"href":87850},[55,88295,87854],{},[1524,88297,88298],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":88300},[88301,88302,88303,88304,88305,88306,88307,88312,88313,88318,88324,88325,88326,88334],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":86267,"depth":106,"text":86268},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":86564,"depth":106,"text":86565},{"id":86828,"depth":106,"text":86829},{"id":86952,"depth":106,"text":86953},{"id":87135,"depth":106,"text":87136,"children":88308},[88309,88310,88311],{"id":87145,"depth":113,"text":87146},{"id":87224,"depth":113,"text":87225},{"id":87307,"depth":113,"text":87308},{"id":87400,"depth":106,"text":87401},{"id":87605,"depth":106,"text":87606,"children":88314},[88315,88316,88317],{"id":87612,"depth":113,"text":86560},{"id":87696,"depth":113,"text":87696},{"id":87707,"depth":113,"text":87707},{"id":87718,"depth":106,"text":87719,"children":88319},[88320,88321,88322,88323],{"id":87725,"depth":113,"text":87728},{"id":87824,"depth":113,"text":87827},{"id":87858,"depth":113,"text":87861},{"id":87941,"depth":113,"text":87944},{"id":87958,"depth":106,"text":87959},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":88327},[88328,88329,88330,88332,88333],{"id":88208,"depth":113,"text":88209},{"id":88215,"depth":113,"text":88216},{"id":88225,"depth":113,"text":88331},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88241,"depth":113,"text":88242},{"id":88248,"depth":113,"text":88249},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86155,"description":88335},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88342,"title":88343,"body":88344,"description":90339,"extension":1546,"meta":90340,"navigation":109,"path":90341,"seo":90342,"stem":90343,"__hash__":90344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88345,"toc":90286},[88346,88351,88356,88362,88364,88432,88434,88453,88458,88463,88468,88471,88483,88485,88528,88530,88548,88559,88561,88563,88588,88590,88601,88603,88663,88665,88691,88694,88698,88703,88707,88710,88744,88748,88751,88776,88780,88803,88807,88840,88845,88849,88854,88857,88925,88927,88951,88956,88959,88990,88992,89024,89041,89045,89050,89074,89081,89086,89091,89094,89098,89133,89135,89144,89148,89239,89241,89272,89277,89284,89289,89298,89301,89335,89337,89351,89355,89396,89398,89407,89411,89459,89461,89475,89480,89491,89498,89504,89506,89541,89543,89557,89560,89582,89588,89617,89628,89634,89640,89654,89656,89735,89737,89787,89794,89796,89801,89805,89808,89823,89828,89830,89849,89855,89858,89873,89875,89893,89899,89904,89934,89937,89960,89963,89990,89997,90003,90011,90034,90039,90047,90049,90069,90073,90079,90129,90132,90154,90156,90162,90170,90176,90182,90190,90195,90199,90202,90225,90230,90237,90249,90251,90283],[10,88347,3165,88349,3169],{"id":88348},"python-print-function-explained",[52,88350,46050],{},[14,88352,31916,88353,88355],{},[52,88354,46050],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[14,88357,88358,88359,88361],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[52,88360,46050],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[37,88363,1588],{"id":1587},[45,88365,88367],{"className":47,"code":88366,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[52,88368,88369,88381,88390,88394,88404,88414],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88370,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88372,7471],{"class":61},[55,88374,66],{"class":65},[55,88376,86],{"class":73},[55,88378,7516],{"class":77},[55,88380,1288],{"class":73},[55,88382,88383,88385,88387],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88384,21225],{"class":61},[55,88386,66],{"class":65},[55,88388,88389],{"class":130}," 12\n",[55,88391,88392],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,88393,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,88395,88396,88398,88400,88402],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,88397,117],{"class":116},[55,88399,120],{"class":69},[55,88401,7263],{"class":123},[55,88403,103],{"class":69},[55,88405,88406,88408,88410,88412],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,88407,117],{"class":116},[55,88409,120],{"class":69},[55,88411,8896],{"class":123},[55,88413,103],{"class":69},[55,88415,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,88417,117],{"class":116},[55,88419,120],{"class":69},[55,88421,74],{"class":73},[55,88423,34467],{"class":77},[55,88425,74],{"class":73},[55,88427,83],{"class":69},[55,88429,35590],{"class":123},[55,88431,103],{"class":69},[14,88433,314],{},[45,88435,88437],{"className":47,"code":88436,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[52,88438,88439,88444,88448],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88440,88441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88442,88443],{"class":61},"Mia\n",[55,88445,88446],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88447,1809],{"class":130},[55,88449,88450],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,88451,88452],{"class":61},"Hello Mia\n",[14,88454,1440,88455,88457],{},[52,88456,46050],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[37,88459,3265,88461,3268],{"id":88460},"what-print-does",[52,88462,46050],{},[14,88464,88465,88467],{},[52,88466,46050],{}," sends output to the screen.",[14,88469,88470],{},"You can use it to display:",[21,88472,88473,88475,88477,88480],{},[24,88474,34308],{},[24,88476,275],{},[24,88478,88479],{},"variables",[24,88481,88482],{},"expressions",[14,88484,233],{},[45,88486,88488],{"className":47,"code":88487,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[52,88489,88490,88504,88514],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88491,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88493,117],{"class":116},[55,88495,120],{"class":69},[55,88497,74],{"class":73},[55,88499,34467],{"class":77},[55,88501,74],{"class":73},[55,88503,103],{"class":69},[55,88505,88506,88508,88510,88512],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88507,117],{"class":116},[55,88509,120],{"class":69},[55,88511,817],{"class":130},[55,88513,103],{"class":69},[55,88515,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,88517,117],{"class":116},[55,88519,120],{"class":69},[55,88521,309],{"class":130},[55,88523,2039],{"class":65},[55,88525,2036],{"class":130},[55,88527,103],{"class":69},[14,88529,314],{},[45,88531,88533],{"className":47,"code":88532,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[52,88534,88535,88540,88544],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88536,88537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88538,88539],{"class":61},"Hello\n",[55,88541,88542],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88543,2534],{"class":130},[55,88545,88546],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,88547,2534],{"class":130},[14,88549,88550,88551,88553,88554,88558],{},"A very important detail is that ",[52,88552,46050],{}," ",[3332,88555,3280,88556],{},[52,88557,3368],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[37,88560,1740],{"id":1739},[14,88562,30323],{},[45,88564,88566],{"className":47,"code":88565,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[52,88567,88568],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88569,88570,88572,88574,88577,88579,88582,88584,88586],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88571,117],{"class":116},[55,88573,120],{"class":69},[55,88575,88576],{"class":123},"object1",[55,88578,83],{"class":69},[55,88580,88581],{"class":123}," object2",[55,88583,83],{"class":69},[55,88585,34053],{"class":116},[55,88587,103],{"class":69},[14,88589,79793],{},[21,88591,88592,88595,88598],{},[24,88593,88594],{},"one value",[24,88596,88597],{},"many values",[24,88599,88600],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[14,88602,233],{},[45,88604,88606],{"className":47,"code":88605,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[52,88607,88608,88622,88641],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88609,88610,88612,88614,88616,88618,88620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88611,117],{"class":116},[55,88613,120],{"class":69},[55,88615,74],{"class":73},[55,88617,57365],{"class":77},[55,88619,74],{"class":73},[55,88621,103],{"class":69},[55,88623,88624,88626,88628,88630,88633,88635,88637,88639],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88625,117],{"class":116},[55,88627,120],{"class":69},[55,88629,74],{"class":73},[55,88631,88632],{"class":77},"Score:",[55,88634,74],{"class":73},[55,88636,83],{"class":69},[55,88638,5598],{"class":130},[55,88640,103],{"class":69},[55,88642,88643,88645,88647,88649,88651,88653,88655,88657,88659,88661],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,88644,117],{"class":116},[55,88646,120],{"class":69},[55,88648,74],{"class":73},[55,88650,45161],{"class":77},[55,88652,74],{"class":73},[55,88654,83],{"class":69},[55,88656,2042],{"class":130},[55,88658,2039],{"class":65},[55,88660,37240],{"class":130},[55,88662,103],{"class":69},[14,88664,314],{},[45,88666,88668],{"className":47,"code":88667,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[52,88669,88670,88674,88683],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88671,88672],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88673,84946],{"class":61},[55,88675,88676,88679,88681],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88677,88678],{"class":61},"Score",[55,88680,854],{"class":69},[55,88682,2174],{"class":130},[55,88684,88685,88687,88689],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,88686,45201],{"class":61},[55,88688,854],{"class":69},[55,88690,2174],{"class":130},[14,88692,88693],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[37,88695,88697],{"id":88696},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[14,88699,88700,88701,198],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[52,88702,46050],{},[1425,88704,88706],{"id":88705},"print-text","Print text",[14,88708,88709],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[45,88711,88713],{"className":47,"code":88712,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[52,88714,88715,88729],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88716,88717,88719,88721,88723,88725,88727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88718,117],{"class":116},[55,88720,120],{"class":69},[55,88722,74],{"class":73},[55,88724,34467],{"class":77},[55,88726,74],{"class":73},[55,88728,103],{"class":69},[55,88730,88731,88733,88735,88737,88740,88742],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88732,117],{"class":116},[55,88734,120],{"class":69},[55,88736,74],{"class":73},[55,88738,88739],{"class":77},"Python is fun",[55,88741,74],{"class":73},[55,88743,103],{"class":69},[1425,88745,88747],{"id":88746},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[14,88749,88750],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[45,88752,88754],{"className":47,"code":88753,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[52,88755,88756,88766],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88757,88758,88760,88762,88764],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88759,117],{"class":116},[55,88761,120],{"class":69},[55,88763,817],{"class":130},[55,88765,103],{"class":69},[55,88767,88768,88770,88772,88774],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88769,117],{"class":116},[55,88771,120],{"class":69},[55,88773,39739],{"class":130},[55,88775,103],{"class":69},[1425,88777,88779],{"id":88778},"print-variables","Print variables",[45,88781,88783],{"className":47,"code":88782,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[52,88784,88785,88793],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88786,88787,88789,88791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88788,4686],{"class":61},[55,88790,66],{"class":65},[55,88792,13727],{"class":130},[55,88794,88795,88797,88799,88801],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88796,117],{"class":116},[55,88798,120],{"class":69},[55,88800,85110],{"class":123},[55,88802,103],{"class":69},[1425,88804,88806],{"id":88805},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[45,88808,88810],{"className":47,"code":88809,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[52,88811,88812,88826],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88813,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88815,117],{"class":116},[55,88817,120],{"class":69},[55,88819,309],{"class":130},[55,88821,2039],{"class":65},[55,88823,2036],{"class":130},[55,88825,103],{"class":69},[55,88827,88828,88830,88832,88834,88836,88838],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88829,117],{"class":116},[55,88831,120],{"class":69},[55,88833,250],{"class":130},[55,88835,82422],{"class":65},[55,88837,2042],{"class":130},[55,88839,103],{"class":69},[14,88841,88842,88843,198],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[194,88844,50572],{"href":50571},[37,88846,88848],{"id":88847},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[14,88850,88851,88853],{},[52,88852,46050],{}," can take more than one argument.",[14,88855,88856],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[45,88858,88860],{"className":47,"code":88859,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[52,88861,88862,88875,88883,88887,88906],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88863,88864,88866,88868,88870,88873],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88865,7471],{"class":61},[55,88867,66],{"class":65},[55,88869,86],{"class":73},[55,88871,88872],{"class":77},"Ava",[55,88874,1288],{"class":73},[55,88876,88877,88879,88881],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88878,21225],{"class":61},[55,88880,66],{"class":65},[55,88882,2174],{"class":130},[55,88884,88885],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,88886,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,88888,88889,88891,88893,88895,88898,88900,88902,88904],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,88890,117],{"class":116},[55,88892,120],{"class":69},[55,88894,74],{"class":73},[55,88896,88897],{"class":77},"Name:",[55,88899,74],{"class":73},[55,88901,83],{"class":69},[55,88903,35590],{"class":123},[55,88905,103],{"class":69},[55,88907,88908,88910,88912,88914,88917,88919,88921,88923],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,88909,117],{"class":116},[55,88911,120],{"class":69},[55,88913,74],{"class":73},[55,88915,88916],{"class":77},"Age:",[55,88918,74],{"class":73},[55,88920,83],{"class":69},[55,88922,8786],{"class":123},[55,88924,103],{"class":69},[14,88926,314],{},[45,88928,88930],{"className":47,"code":88929,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[52,88931,88932,88942],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88933,88934,88937,88939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88935,88936],{"class":61},"Name",[55,88938,854],{"class":69},[55,88940,88941],{"class":61}," Ava\n",[55,88943,88944,88947,88949],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88945,88946],{"class":61},"Age",[55,88948,854],{"class":69},[55,88950,2174],{"class":130},[14,88952,88953,88954,198],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[52,88955,1643],{},[14,88957,88958],{},"For example, this works:",[45,88960,88962],{"className":47,"code":88961,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[52,88963,88964,88972],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88965,88966,88968,88970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,88967,21225],{"class":61},[55,88969,66],{"class":65},[55,88971,2174],{"class":130},[55,88973,88974,88976,88978,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,88975,117],{"class":116},[55,88977,120],{"class":69},[55,88979,74],{"class":73},[55,88981,88916],{"class":77},[55,88983,74],{"class":73},[55,88985,83],{"class":69},[55,88987,8786],{"class":123},[55,88989,103],{"class":69},[14,88991,36522],{},[45,88993,88995],{"className":47,"code":88994,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[52,88996,88997,89005],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,88998,88999,89001,89003],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89000,21225],{"class":61},[55,89002,66],{"class":65},[55,89004,2174],{"class":130},[55,89006,89007,89009,89011,89013,89016,89018,89020,89022],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89008,117],{"class":116},[55,89010,120],{"class":69},[55,89012,74],{"class":73},[55,89014,89015],{"class":77},"Age: ",[55,89017,74],{"class":73},[55,89019,2039],{"class":65},[55,89021,8786],{"class":123},[55,89023,103],{"class":69},[14,89025,89026,89027,89030,89031,89033,89034,89036,89037,198],{},"That fails because ",[52,89028,89029],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[52,89032,8896],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[52,89035,1643],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[194,89038,89039],{"href":41772},[52,89040,47281],{},[37,89042,89044],{"id":89043},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[14,89046,89047,89049],{},[52,89048,46050],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[21,89051,89052,89058,89063,89068],{},[24,89053,89054,89057],{},[52,89055,89056],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[24,89059,89060,89062],{},[52,89061,52256],{}," controls what is added after the output",[24,89064,89065,89067],{},[52,89066,86332],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[24,89069,89070,89073],{},[52,89071,89072],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[14,89075,89076,89077,3983,89079,198],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[52,89078,89056],{},[52,89080,52256],{},[37,89082,89084,36211],{"id":89083},"sep-argument",[52,89085,89056],{},[14,89087,1563,89088,89090],{},[52,89089,89056],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[14,89092,89093],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[1425,89095,89097],{"id":89096},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[45,89099,89101],{"className":47,"code":89100,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[52,89102,89103],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89104,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113,89115,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125,89127,89129,89131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89106,117],{"class":116},[55,89108,120],{"class":69},[55,89110,74],{"class":73},[55,89112,78],{"class":77},[55,89114,74],{"class":73},[55,89116,83],{"class":69},[55,89118,86],{"class":73},[55,89120,89],{"class":77},[55,89122,74],{"class":73},[55,89124,83],{"class":69},[55,89126,86],{"class":73},[55,89128,98],{"class":77},[55,89130,74],{"class":73},[55,89132,103],{"class":69},[14,89134,314],{},[45,89136,89138],{"className":47,"code":89137,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"red green blue\n",[52,89139,89140],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89141,89142],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89143,89137],{"class":61},[1425,89145,89147],{"id":89146},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[45,89149,89151],{"className":47,"code":89150,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[52,89152,89153,89196],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89154,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183,89186,89188,89190,89192,89194],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89156,117],{"class":116},[55,89158,120],{"class":69},[55,89160,74],{"class":73},[55,89162,78],{"class":77},[55,89164,74],{"class":73},[55,89166,83],{"class":69},[55,89168,86],{"class":73},[55,89170,89],{"class":77},[55,89172,74],{"class":73},[55,89174,83],{"class":69},[55,89176,86],{"class":73},[55,89178,98],{"class":77},[55,89180,74],{"class":73},[55,89182,83],{"class":69},[55,89184,89185],{"class":8773}," sep",[55,89187,66],{"class":65},[55,89189,74],{"class":73},[55,89191,83],{"class":77},[55,89193,74],{"class":73},[55,89195,103],{"class":69},[55,89197,89198,89200,89202,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89235,89237],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89199,117],{"class":116},[55,89201,120],{"class":69},[55,89203,74],{"class":73},[55,89205,78],{"class":77},[55,89207,74],{"class":73},[55,89209,83],{"class":69},[55,89211,86],{"class":73},[55,89213,89],{"class":77},[55,89215,74],{"class":73},[55,89217,83],{"class":69},[55,89219,86],{"class":73},[55,89221,98],{"class":77},[55,89223,74],{"class":73},[55,89225,83],{"class":69},[55,89227,89185],{"class":8773},[55,89229,66],{"class":65},[55,89231,74],{"class":73},[55,89233,89234],{"class":77}," - ",[55,89236,74],{"class":73},[55,89238,103],{"class":69},[14,89240,314],{},[45,89242,89244],{"className":47,"code":89243,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[52,89245,89246,89258],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89247,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89249,78],{"class":61},[55,89251,83],{"class":69},[55,89253,89],{"class":61},[55,89255,83],{"class":69},[55,89257,69575],{"class":61},[55,89259,89260,89263,89265,89268,89270],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89261,89262],{"class":61},"red ",[55,89264,171],{"class":65},[55,89266,89267],{"class":61}," green ",[55,89269,171],{"class":65},[55,89271,35481],{"class":61},[14,89273,89274,89276],{},[52,89275,89056],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[14,89278,89279,89280,198],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[194,89281,89283],{"href":89282},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[37,89285,89287,36211],{"id":89286},"end-argument",[52,89288,52256],{},[14,89290,89291,89292,89294,89295,89297],{},"By default, ",[52,89293,46050],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[52,89296,46050],{}," starts on a new line.",[1425,89299,89097],{"id":89300},"default-behavior-1",[45,89302,89304],{"className":47,"code":89303,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[52,89305,89306,89320],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89307,89308,89310,89312,89314,89316,89318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89309,117],{"class":116},[55,89311,120],{"class":69},[55,89313,74],{"class":73},[55,89315,34467],{"class":77},[55,89317,74],{"class":73},[55,89319,103],{"class":69},[55,89321,89322,89324,89326,89328,89331,89333],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89323,117],{"class":116},[55,89325,120],{"class":69},[55,89327,74],{"class":73},[55,89329,89330],{"class":77},"World",[55,89332,74],{"class":73},[55,89334,103],{"class":69},[14,89336,314],{},[45,89338,89340],{"className":47,"code":89339,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hello\nWorld\n",[52,89341,89342,89346],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89343,89344],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89345,88539],{"class":61},[55,89347,89348],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89349,89350],{"class":61},"World\n",[1425,89352,89354],{"id":89353},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[45,89356,89358],{"className":47,"code":89357,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[52,89359,89360,89382],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89361,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370,89372,89374,89376,89378,89380],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89363,117],{"class":116},[55,89365,120],{"class":69},[55,89367,74],{"class":73},[55,89369,34467],{"class":77},[55,89371,74],{"class":73},[55,89373,83],{"class":69},[55,89375,64636],{"class":8773},[55,89377,66],{"class":65},[55,89379,5866],{"class":73},[55,89381,103],{"class":69},[55,89383,89384,89386,89388,89390,89392,89394],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89385,117],{"class":116},[55,89387,120],{"class":69},[55,89389,74],{"class":73},[55,89391,89330],{"class":77},[55,89393,74],{"class":73},[55,89395,103],{"class":69},[14,89397,314],{},[45,89399,89401],{"className":47,"code":89400,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"HelloWorld\n",[52,89402,89403],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89404,89405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89406,89400],{"class":61},[1425,89408,89410],{"id":89409},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[45,89412,89414],{"className":47,"code":89413,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[52,89415,89416,89445],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89417,89418,89420,89422,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432,89434,89436,89439,89441,89443],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89419,117],{"class":116},[55,89421,120],{"class":69},[55,89423,74],{"class":73},[55,89425,34467],{"class":77},[55,89427,74],{"class":73},[55,89429,83],{"class":69},[55,89431,64636],{"class":8773},[55,89433,66],{"class":65},[55,89435,74],{"class":73},[55,89437,89438],{"class":77},"!",[55,89440,86743],{"class":844},[55,89442,74],{"class":73},[55,89444,103],{"class":69},[55,89446,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455,89457],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89448,117],{"class":116},[55,89450,120],{"class":69},[55,89452,74],{"class":73},[55,89454,89330],{"class":77},[55,89456,74],{"class":73},[55,89458,103],{"class":69},[14,89460,314],{},[45,89462,89464],{"className":47,"code":89463,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[52,89465,89466,89471],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89467,89468],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89469,89470],{"class":61},"Hello!\n",[55,89472,89473],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89474,89350],{"class":61},[14,89476,1563,89477,89479],{},[52,89478,52256],{}," argument is useful for:",[21,89481,89482,89485,89488],{},[24,89483,89484],{},"progress messages",[24,89486,89487],{},"inline output",[24,89489,89490],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[37,89492,89494,1981,89496],{"id":89493},"print-returns-none",[52,89495,46050],{},[52,89497,3368],{},[14,89499,89500,89501,89503],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[52,89502,46050],{}," to return the text it shows.",[14,89505,233],{},[45,89507,89509],{"className":47,"code":89508,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[52,89510,89511,89531],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89512,89513,89515,89517,89520,89522,89524,89527,89529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89514,1814],{"class":61},[55,89516,66],{"class":65},[55,89518,89519],{"class":116}," print",[55,89521,120],{"class":69},[55,89523,74],{"class":73},[55,89525,89526],{"class":77},"Hi",[55,89528,74],{"class":73},[55,89530,103],{"class":69},[55,89532,89533,89535,89537,89539],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89534,117],{"class":116},[55,89536,120],{"class":69},[55,89538,1849],{"class":123},[55,89540,103],{"class":69},[14,89542,314],{},[45,89544,89546],{"className":47,"code":89545,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hi\nNone\n",[52,89547,89548,89553],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89549,89550],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89551,89552],{"class":61},"Hi\n",[55,89554,89555],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89556,11407],{"class":3443},[14,89558,89559],{},"Why does this happen?",[21,89561,89562,89570,89575],{},[24,89563,89564,89567,89568],{},[52,89565,89566],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[52,89569,89526],{},[24,89571,89572,89573],{},"but the function itself returns ",[52,89574,3368],{},[24,89576,89577,89578,11519,89580],{},"so ",[52,89579,1849],{},[52,89581,3368],{},[14,89583,89584,89585,89587],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[52,89586,46050],{}," call.",[45,89589,89591],{"className":47,"code":89590,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[52,89592,89593,89606],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89594,89595,89598,89600,89602,89604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89596,89597],{"class":61},"message ",[55,89599,66],{"class":65},[55,89601,86],{"class":73},[55,89603,89526],{"class":77},[55,89605,1288],{"class":73},[55,89607,89608,89610,89612,89615],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89609,117],{"class":116},[55,89611,120],{"class":69},[55,89613,89614],{"class":123},"message",[55,89616,103],{"class":69},[14,89618,89619,89620,89622,89623,89627],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[52,89621,46050],{}," with functions like ",[194,89624,89625],{"href":7814},[52,89626,2545],{},", which do return a value.",[37,89629,89631,89632],{"id":89630},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[52,89633,46050],{},[14,89635,89636,89637,89639],{},"Beginners use ",[52,89638,46050],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[21,89641,89642,89645,89648,89651],{},[24,89643,89644],{},"to display results to the user",[24,89646,89647],{},"to show messages in a script",[24,89649,89650],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[24,89652,89653],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[14,89655,233],{},[45,89657,89659],{"className":47,"code":89658,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[52,89660,89661,89669,89673,89693,89704],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89662,89663,89665,89667],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89664,40779],{"class":61},[55,89666,66],{"class":65},[55,89668,38108],{"class":130},[55,89670,89671],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89672,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,89674,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,89676,5551],{"class":959},[55,89678,5981],{"class":61},[55,89680,3474],{"class":959},[55,89682,53666],{"class":116},[55,89684,120],{"class":69},[55,89686,152],{"class":130},[55,89688,83],{"class":69},[55,89690,2042],{"class":130},[55,89692,839],{"class":69},[55,89694,89695,89698,89701],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,89696,89697],{"class":61},"    total ",[55,89699,89700],{"class":65},"+=",[55,89702,89703],{"class":61}," number\n",[55,89705,89706,89708,89710,89712,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,89707,985],{"class":116},[55,89709,120],{"class":69},[55,89711,74],{"class":73},[55,89713,89714],{"class":77},"Current number:",[55,89716,74],{"class":73},[55,89718,83],{"class":69},[55,89720,1781],{"class":123},[55,89722,83],{"class":69},[55,89724,86],{"class":73},[55,89726,45161],{"class":77},[55,89728,74],{"class":73},[55,89730,83],{"class":69},[55,89732,45168],{"class":123},[55,89734,103],{"class":69},[14,89736,314],{},[45,89738,89740],{"className":47,"code":89739,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[52,89741,89742,89758,89772],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89743,89744,89747,89749,89751,89754,89756],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89745,89746],{"class":61},"Current number",[55,89748,854],{"class":69},[55,89750,5090],{"class":130},[55,89752,89753],{"class":61}," Total",[55,89755,854],{"class":69},[55,89757,29212],{"class":130},[55,89759,89760,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89761,89746],{"class":61},[55,89763,854],{"class":69},[55,89765,976],{"class":130},[55,89767,89753],{"class":61},[55,89769,854],{"class":69},[55,89771,2164],{"class":130},[55,89773,89774,89776,89778,89780,89782,89784],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,89775,89746],{"class":61},[55,89777,854],{"class":69},[55,89779,2036],{"class":130},[55,89781,89753],{"class":61},[55,89783,854],{"class":69},[55,89785,89786],{"class":130}," 6\n",[14,89788,89789,89790,198],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[194,89791,89793],{"href":89792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[37,89795,1298],{"id":1297},[14,89797,89798,89799,198],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[52,89800,46050],{},[1425,89802,89804],{"id":89803},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[14,89806,89807],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[45,89809,89811],{"className":47,"code":89810,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(Hello)\n",[52,89812,89813],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89816,117],{"class":116},[55,89818,120],{"class":69},[55,89820,34467],{"class":123},[55,89822,103],{"class":69},[14,89824,8472,89825,89827],{},[52,89826,34467],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[14,89829,10406],{},[45,89831,89833],{"className":47,"code":89832,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[52,89834,89835],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89836,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89838,117],{"class":116},[55,89840,120],{"class":69},[55,89842,74],{"class":73},[55,89844,34467],{"class":77},[55,89846,74],{"class":73},[55,89848,103],{"class":69},[1425,89850,8012,89852,89854],{"id":89851},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[52,89853,117],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[14,89856,89857],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[45,89859,89861],{"className":47,"code":89860,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print \"Hello\"\n",[52,89862,89863],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89864,89865,89867,89869,89871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89866,117],{"class":116},[55,89868,86],{"class":73},[55,89870,34467],{"class":77},[55,89872,1288],{"class":73},[14,89874,10406],{},[45,89876,89877],{"className":47,"code":89832,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,89878,89879],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89880,89881,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89882,117],{"class":116},[55,89884,120],{"class":69},[55,89886,74],{"class":73},[55,89888,34467],{"class":77},[55,89890,74],{"class":73},[55,89892,103],{"class":69},[1425,89894,89896,89897],{"id":89895},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[52,89898,1643],{},[14,89900,89901,89902,198],{},"This causes a ",[52,89903,2592],{},[45,89905,89906],{"className":47,"code":88994,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,89907,89908,89916],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89909,89910,89912,89914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89911,21225],{"class":61},[55,89913,66],{"class":65},[55,89915,2174],{"class":130},[55,89917,89918,89920,89922,89924,89926,89928,89930,89932],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,89919,117],{"class":116},[55,89921,120],{"class":69},[55,89923,74],{"class":73},[55,89925,89015],{"class":77},[55,89927,74],{"class":73},[55,89929,2039],{"class":65},[55,89931,8786],{"class":123},[55,89933,103],{"class":69},[14,89935,89936],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[45,89938,89940],{"className":47,"code":89939,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[52,89941,89942],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89943,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954,89956,89958],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89945,117],{"class":116},[55,89947,120],{"class":69},[55,89949,74],{"class":73},[55,89951,88916],{"class":77},[55,89953,74],{"class":73},[55,89955,83],{"class":69},[55,89957,8786],{"class":123},[55,89959,103],{"class":69},[14,89961,89962],{},"Or convert the number first:",[45,89964,89966],{"className":47,"code":89965,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[52,89967,89968],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,89969,89970,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980,89982,89984,89986,89988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,89971,117],{"class":116},[55,89973,120],{"class":69},[55,89975,74],{"class":73},[55,89977,89015],{"class":77},[55,89979,74],{"class":73},[55,89981,2039],{"class":65},[55,89983,48502],{"class":850},[55,89985,120],{"class":69},[55,89987,8896],{"class":123},[55,89989,1357],{"class":69},[14,89991,89992,89993,198],{},"If you see this error, read ",[194,89994,89996],{"href":89995},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[1425,89998,8048,90000,90002],{"id":89999},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[52,90001,46050],{}," to return a value",[14,90004,90005,90006,34930,90009,854],{},"This does not store ",[52,90007,90008],{},"\"Hello\"",[52,90010,1849],{},[45,90012,90014],{"className":47,"code":90013,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[52,90015,90016],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90017,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90019,1814],{"class":61},[55,90021,66],{"class":65},[55,90023,89519],{"class":116},[55,90025,120],{"class":69},[55,90027,74],{"class":73},[55,90029,34467],{"class":77},[55,90031,74],{"class":73},[55,90033,103],{"class":69},[14,90035,90036,90037,198],{},"It stores ",[52,90038,3368],{},[1425,90040,90042,90043,3983,90045],{"id":90041},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[52,90044,89056],{},[52,90046,52256],{},[14,90048,85402],{},[21,90050,90051,90060],{},[24,90052,90053,90055,90056,90059],{},[52,90054,89056],{}," changes what goes ",[3332,90057,90058],{},"between"," multiple values",[24,90061,90062,90064,90065,90068],{},[52,90063,52256],{}," changes what appears ",[3332,90066,90067],{},"after"," the output",[37,90070,90072],{"id":90071},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[14,90074,90075,90076,90078],{},"These simple ",[52,90077,46050],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[45,90080,90082],{"className":47,"code":90081,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[52,90083,90084,90104,90119],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90085,90086,90088,90090,90092,90095,90097,90099,90102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90087,117],{"class":116},[55,90089,120],{"class":69},[55,90091,74],{"class":73},[55,90093,90094],{"class":77},"Debug:",[55,90096,74],{"class":73},[55,90098,83],{"class":69},[55,90100,90101],{"class":123}," variable_name",[55,90103,103],{"class":69},[55,90105,90106,90108,90110,90112,90114,90117],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,90107,117],{"class":116},[55,90109,120],{"class":69},[55,90111,1396],{"class":850},[55,90113,120],{"class":69},[55,90115,90116],{"class":123},"variable_name",[55,90118,1357],{"class":69},[55,90120,90121,90123,90125,90127],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,90122,31751],{"class":116},[55,90124,120],{"class":69},[55,90126,117],{"class":116},[55,90128,103],{"class":69},[14,90130,90131],{},"What they do:",[21,90133,90134,90140,90146],{},[24,90135,90136,90139],{},[52,90137,90138],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[24,90141,90142,90145],{},[52,90143,90144],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[24,90147,90148,90151,90152],{},[52,90149,90150],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[52,90153,46050],{},[37,90155,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,90157,12304,90159,90161],{"id":90158},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[52,90160,46050],{}," add a new line automatically?",[14,90163,90164,90165,90167,90168,36217],{},"Yes. By default, ",[52,90166,46050],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[52,90169,52256],{},[1425,90171,4761,90173,90175],{"id":90172},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[52,90174,46050],{}," show more than one value?",[14,90177,90178,90179,90181],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[52,90180,46050],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[1425,90183,4749,90185,4752,90188,2078],{"id":90184},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[52,90186,90187],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[52,90189,3368],{},[14,90191,28658,90192,90194],{},[52,90193,46050],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[1425,90196,90198],{"id":90197},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[14,90200,90201],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[45,90203,90205],{"className":47,"code":90204,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[52,90206,90207],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90208,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217,90219,90221,90223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90210,117],{"class":116},[55,90212,120],{"class":69},[55,90214,74],{"class":73},[55,90216,88916],{"class":77},[55,90218,74],{"class":73},[55,90220,83],{"class":69},[55,90222,5598],{"class":130},[55,90224,103],{"class":69},[14,90226,90227,90228,39525],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[52,90229,47281],{},[1425,90231,4771,90233,3983,90235,2078],{"id":90232},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[52,90234,89056],{},[52,90236,52256],{},[21,90238,90239,90244],{},[24,90240,90241,90243],{},[52,90242,89056],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[24,90245,90246,90248],{},[52,90247,52256],{}," changes what appears after the output",[37,90250,1495],{"id":1494},[21,90252,90253,90257,90263,90269,90274,90279],{},[24,90254,90255],{},[194,90256,50572],{"href":50571},[24,90258,90259],{},[194,90260,3165,90261,3098],{"href":7814},[52,90262,2545],{},[24,90264,90265],{},[194,90266,3165,90267,3098],{"href":41772},[52,90268,47281],{},[24,90270,90271],{},[194,90272,90273],{"href":89282},"How to format strings in Python",[24,90275,90276],{},[194,90277,90278],{"href":89792},"How to debug Python code",[24,90280,90281],{},[194,90282,89996],{"href":89995},[1524,90284,90285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":90287},[90288,90289,90291,90292,90298,90299,90300,90305,90311,90313,90315,90326,90327,90338],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":88460,"depth":106,"text":90290},"What print() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":88696,"depth":106,"text":88697,"children":90293},[90294,90295,90296,90297],{"id":88705,"depth":113,"text":88706},{"id":88746,"depth":113,"text":88747},{"id":88778,"depth":113,"text":88779},{"id":88805,"depth":113,"text":88806},{"id":88847,"depth":106,"text":88848},{"id":89043,"depth":106,"text":89044},{"id":89083,"depth":106,"text":90301,"children":90302},"sep argument",[90303,90304],{"id":89096,"depth":113,"text":89097},{"id":89146,"depth":113,"text":89147},{"id":89286,"depth":106,"text":90306,"children":90307},"end argument",[90308,90309,90310],{"id":89300,"depth":113,"text":89097},{"id":89353,"depth":113,"text":89354},{"id":89409,"depth":113,"text":89410},{"id":89493,"depth":106,"text":90312},"print() returns None",{"id":89630,"depth":106,"text":90314},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":90316},[90317,90318,90320,90322,90324],{"id":89803,"depth":113,"text":89804},{"id":89851,"depth":113,"text":90319},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89895,"depth":113,"text":90321},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89999,"depth":113,"text":90323},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90041,"depth":113,"text":90325},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90071,"depth":106,"text":90072},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":90328},[90329,90331,90333,90335,90336],{"id":90158,"depth":113,"text":90330},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90172,"depth":113,"text":90332},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90184,"depth":113,"text":90334},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90197,"depth":113,"text":90198},{"id":90232,"depth":113,"text":90337},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88343,"description":90339},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90346,"title":90347,"body":90348,"description":92652,"extension":1546,"meta":92653,"navigation":109,"path":92654,"seo":92655,"stem":92656,"__hash__":92657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90349,"toc":92598},[90350,90355,90360,90373,90375,90440,90451,90456,90461,90463,90486,90489,90520,90522,90539,90544,90550,90555,90604,90607,90624,90630,90635,90658,90660,90688,90694,90702,90729,90731,90756,90762,90765,90796,90798,90827,90831,90834,90839,90861,90863,90891,90897,90903,90929,90931,90955,90961,90967,90997,90999,91027,91037,91041,91047,91080,91082,91111,91114,91117,91150,91152,91160,91166,91168,91191,91196,91205,91210,91224,91226,91266,91268,91298,91302,91337,91343,91347,91391,91393,91423,91429,91432,91511,91513,91535,91543,91546,91609,91617,91692,91698,91705,91710,91715,91738,91740,91761,91763,91776,91778,91825,91827,91866,91875,91877,91881,91885,91888,91915,91918,91947,91950,91974,91977,91985,91991,92013,92015,92043,92047,92052,92107,92112,92114,92171,92178,92187,92190,92222,92224,92232,92235,92241,92243,92266,92269,92275,92278,92297,92299,92318,92321,92343,92345,92373,92377,92381,92486,92488,92501,92503,92509,92512,92520,92525,92531,92537,92542,92550,92556,92563,92565,92595],[10,90351,3165,90353,3169],{"id":90352},"python-range-function-explained",[52,90354,35795],{},[14,90356,31916,90357,90359],{},[52,90358,35795],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[14,90361,90362,90363,90365,90366,90368,90369,90372],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[52,90364,5551],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[52,90367,35795],{}," stops ",[3332,90370,90371],{},"before"," the end value.",[37,90374,1588],{"id":1587},[45,90376,90378],{"className":47,"code":90377,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[52,90379,90380,90396,90406,90410,90415,90420,90425,90430,90435],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90381,90382,90384,90386,90388,90390,90392,90394],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90383,5551],{"class":959},[55,90385,69143],{"class":61},[55,90387,3474],{"class":959},[55,90389,53666],{"class":116},[55,90391,120],{"class":69},[55,90393,817],{"class":130},[55,90395,839],{"class":69},[55,90397,90398,90400,90402,90404],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,90399,985],{"class":116},[55,90401,120],{"class":69},[55,90403,35751],{"class":123},[55,90405,103],{"class":69},[55,90407,90408],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,90409,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,90411,90412],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,90413,90414],{"class":137},"# Output:\n",[55,90416,90417],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,90418,90419],{"class":137},"# 0\n",[55,90421,90422],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,90423,90424],{"class":137},"# 1\n",[55,90426,90427],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,90428,90429],{"class":137},"# 2\n",[55,90431,90432],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,90433,90434],{"class":137},"# 3\n",[55,90436,90437],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,90438,90439],{"class":137},"# 4\n",[14,90441,90442,90445,90446,90448,90449,198],{},[52,90443,90444],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[52,90447,131],{}," and stopping before ",[52,90450,817],{},[37,90452,3265,90454,3268],{"id":90453},"what-range-does",[52,90455,35795],{},[14,90457,90458,90460],{},[52,90459,35795],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[14,90462,12652],{},[21,90464,90465,90470,90476,90481],{},[24,90466,90467,90469],{},[52,90468,35795],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[24,90471,90472,90473,90475],{},"It is commonly used with ",[52,90474,5551],{}," loops",[24,90477,90478,90479],{},"The stop value is ",[3332,90480,64665],{},[24,90482,17020,90483,90485],{},[52,90484,59595],{}," object, not a regular list",[14,90487,90488],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[45,90490,90492],{"className":47,"code":90491,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[52,90493,90494,90510],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90495,90496,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506,90508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90497,5551],{"class":959},[55,90499,5981],{"class":61},[55,90501,3474],{"class":959},[55,90503,53666],{"class":116},[55,90505,120],{"class":69},[55,90507,609],{"class":130},[55,90509,839],{"class":69},[55,90511,90512,90514,90516,90518],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,90513,985],{"class":116},[55,90515,120],{"class":69},[55,90517,1824],{"class":123},[55,90519,103],{"class":69},[14,90521,314],{},[45,90523,90525],{"className":47,"code":90524,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0\n1\n2\n",[52,90526,90527,90531,90535],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90528,90529],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90530,46850],{"class":130},[55,90532,90533],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,90534,46515],{"class":130},[55,90536,90537],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,90538,16654],{"class":130},[14,90540,90541,90542,198],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[194,90543,35627],{"href":35626},[37,90545,90547,90549],{"id":90546},"range-syntax",[52,90548,35795],{}," syntax",[14,90551,90552,90554],{},[52,90553,35795],{}," has three common forms:",[45,90556,90558],{"className":47,"code":90557,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[52,90559,90560,90570,90585],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90561,90562,90564,90566,90568],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90563,59595],{"class":116},[55,90565,120],{"class":69},[55,90567,75017],{"class":123},[55,90569,103],{"class":69},[55,90571,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580,90583],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,90573,59595],{"class":116},[55,90575,120],{"class":69},[55,90577,35671],{"class":123},[55,90579,83],{"class":69},[55,90581,90582],{"class":123}," stop",[55,90584,103],{"class":69},[55,90586,90587,90589,90591,90593,90595,90597,90599,90602],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,90588,59595],{"class":116},[55,90590,120],{"class":69},[55,90592,35671],{"class":123},[55,90594,83],{"class":69},[55,90596,90582],{"class":123},[55,90598,83],{"class":69},[55,90600,90601],{"class":123}," step",[55,90603,103],{"class":69},[14,90605,90606],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[21,90608,90609,90614,90619],{},[24,90610,90611,90613],{},[52,90612,35671],{}," = first number",[24,90615,90616,90618],{},[52,90617,75017],{}," = end limit, not included",[24,90620,90621,90623],{},[52,90622,75020],{}," = amount to move each time",[1425,90625,90627],{"id":90626},"rangestop",[52,90628,90629],{},"range(stop)",[14,90631,90632,90633,198],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[52,90634,131],{},[45,90636,90638],{"className":47,"code":90637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[52,90639,90640],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90641,90642,90644,90646,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90643,117],{"class":116},[55,90645,120],{"class":69},[55,90647,7688],{"class":850},[55,90649,120],{"class":69},[55,90651,59595],{"class":116},[55,90653,120],{"class":69},[55,90655,817],{"class":130},[55,90657,2499],{"class":69},[14,90659,314],{},[45,90661,90662],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,90663,90664],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90665,90666,90668,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90667,127],{"class":69},[55,90669,131],{"class":130},[55,90671,83],{"class":69},[55,90673,5090],{"class":130},[55,90675,83],{"class":69},[55,90677,976],{"class":130},[55,90679,83],{"class":69},[55,90681,2036],{"class":130},[55,90683,83],{"class":69},[55,90685,2042],{"class":130},[55,90687,386],{"class":69},[1425,90689,90691],{"id":90690},"rangestart-stop",[52,90692,90693],{},"range(start, stop)",[14,90695,90696,90697,90699,90700,198],{},"This starts at ",[52,90698,35671],{}," and stops before ",[52,90701,75017],{},[45,90703,90705],{"className":47,"code":90704,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[52,90706,90707],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90708,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90710,117],{"class":116},[55,90712,120],{"class":69},[55,90714,7688],{"class":850},[55,90716,120],{"class":69},[55,90718,59595],{"class":116},[55,90720,120],{"class":69},[55,90722,309],{"class":130},[55,90724,83],{"class":69},[55,90726,37240],{"class":130},[55,90728,2499],{"class":69},[14,90730,314],{},[45,90732,90734],{"className":47,"code":90733,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[52,90735,90736],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90737,90738,90740,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90739,127],{"class":69},[55,90741,309],{"class":130},[55,90743,83],{"class":69},[55,90745,2036],{"class":130},[55,90747,83],{"class":69},[55,90749,2042],{"class":130},[55,90751,83],{"class":69},[55,90753,4196],{"class":130},[55,90755,386],{"class":69},[1425,90757,90759],{"id":90758},"rangestart-stop-step",[52,90760,90761],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[14,90763,90764],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[45,90766,90768],{"className":47,"code":90767,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[52,90769,90770],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90771,90772,90774,90776,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90773,117],{"class":116},[55,90775,120],{"class":69},[55,90777,7688],{"class":850},[55,90779,120],{"class":69},[55,90781,59595],{"class":116},[55,90783,120],{"class":69},[55,90785,152],{"class":130},[55,90787,83],{"class":69},[55,90789,5598],{"class":130},[55,90791,83],{"class":69},[55,90793,976],{"class":130},[55,90795,2499],{"class":69},[14,90797,314],{},[45,90799,90801],{"className":47,"code":90800,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[52,90802,90803],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90804,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823,90825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90806,127],{"class":69},[55,90808,152],{"class":130},[55,90810,83],{"class":69},[55,90812,2036],{"class":130},[55,90814,83],{"class":69},[55,90816,4196],{"class":130},[55,90818,83],{"class":69},[55,90820,5587],{"class":130},[55,90822,83],{"class":69},[55,90824,53732],{"class":130},[55,90826,386],{"class":69},[37,90828,90830],{"id":90829},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[14,90832,90833],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[1425,90835,90837],{"id":90836},"range5",[52,90838,90444],{},[45,90840,90841],{"className":47,"code":90637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,90842,90843],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90844,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90846,117],{"class":116},[55,90848,120],{"class":69},[55,90850,7688],{"class":850},[55,90852,120],{"class":69},[55,90854,59595],{"class":116},[55,90856,120],{"class":69},[55,90858,817],{"class":130},[55,90860,2499],{"class":69},[14,90862,314],{},[45,90864,90865],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,90866,90867],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90868,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90870,127],{"class":69},[55,90872,131],{"class":130},[55,90874,83],{"class":69},[55,90876,5090],{"class":130},[55,90878,83],{"class":69},[55,90880,976],{"class":130},[55,90882,83],{"class":69},[55,90884,2036],{"class":130},[55,90886,83],{"class":69},[55,90888,2042],{"class":130},[55,90890,386],{"class":69},[14,90892,90696,90893,90699,90895,198],{},[52,90894,131],{},[52,90896,817],{},[1425,90898,90900],{"id":90899},"range2-6",[52,90901,90902],{},"range(2, 6)",[45,90904,90905],{"className":47,"code":90704,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,90906,90907],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90908,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90910,117],{"class":116},[55,90912,120],{"class":69},[55,90914,7688],{"class":850},[55,90916,120],{"class":69},[55,90918,59595],{"class":116},[55,90920,120],{"class":69},[55,90922,309],{"class":130},[55,90924,83],{"class":69},[55,90926,37240],{"class":130},[55,90928,2499],{"class":69},[14,90930,314],{},[45,90932,90933],{"className":47,"code":90733,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,90934,90935],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90936,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90938,127],{"class":69},[55,90940,309],{"class":130},[55,90942,83],{"class":69},[55,90944,2036],{"class":130},[55,90946,83],{"class":69},[55,90948,2042],{"class":130},[55,90950,83],{"class":69},[55,90952,4196],{"class":130},[55,90954,386],{"class":69},[14,90956,90696,90957,90699,90959,198],{},[52,90958,309],{},[52,90960,80184],{},[1425,90962,90964],{"id":90963},"range1-10-2",[52,90965,90966],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[45,90968,90969],{"className":47,"code":90767,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,90970,90971],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,90972,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,90974,117],{"class":116},[55,90976,120],{"class":69},[55,90978,7688],{"class":850},[55,90980,120],{"class":69},[55,90982,59595],{"class":116},[55,90984,120],{"class":69},[55,90986,152],{"class":130},[55,90988,83],{"class":69},[55,90990,5598],{"class":130},[55,90992,83],{"class":69},[55,90994,976],{"class":130},[55,90996,2499],{"class":69},[14,90998,314],{},[45,91000,91001],{"className":47,"code":90800,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,91002,91003],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91004,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91006,127],{"class":69},[55,91008,152],{"class":130},[55,91010,83],{"class":69},[55,91012,2036],{"class":130},[55,91014,83],{"class":69},[55,91016,4196],{"class":130},[55,91018,83],{"class":69},[55,91020,5587],{"class":130},[55,91022,83],{"class":69},[55,91024,53732],{"class":130},[55,91026,386],{"class":69},[14,91028,91029,91030,91032,91033,60897,91035,198],{},"This moves by ",[52,91031,309],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[52,91034,152],{},[52,91036,1726],{},[1425,91038,91040],{"id":91039},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[14,91042,91043,91044,91046],{},"A negative step makes ",[52,91045,35795],{}," count backward.",[45,91048,91050],{"className":47,"code":91049,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[52,91051,91052],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91053,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91055,117],{"class":116},[55,91057,120],{"class":69},[55,91059,7688],{"class":850},[55,91061,120],{"class":69},[55,91063,59595],{"class":116},[55,91065,120],{"class":69},[55,91067,817],{"class":130},[55,91069,83],{"class":69},[55,91071,3424],{"class":130},[55,91073,83],{"class":69},[55,91075,1806],{"class":65},[55,91077,152],{"class":130},[55,91079,2499],{"class":69},[14,91081,314],{},[45,91083,91085],{"className":47,"code":91084,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[52,91086,91087],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91088,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91090,127],{"class":69},[55,91092,817],{"class":130},[55,91094,83],{"class":69},[55,91096,2042],{"class":130},[55,91098,83],{"class":69},[55,91100,2036],{"class":130},[55,91102,83],{"class":69},[55,91104,976],{"class":130},[55,91106,83],{"class":69},[55,91108,5090],{"class":130},[55,91110,386],{"class":69},[14,91112,91113],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[14,91115,91116],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[45,91118,91120],{"className":47,"code":91119,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[52,91121,91122],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91123,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91125,117],{"class":116},[55,91127,120],{"class":69},[55,91129,7688],{"class":850},[55,91131,120],{"class":69},[55,91133,59595],{"class":116},[55,91135,120],{"class":69},[55,91137,152],{"class":130},[55,91139,83],{"class":69},[55,91141,4196],{"class":130},[55,91143,83],{"class":69},[55,91145,1806],{"class":65},[55,91147,152],{"class":130},[55,91149,2499],{"class":69},[14,91151,314],{},[45,91153,91154],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,91155,91156],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91157,91158],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91159,37894],{"class":69},[1425,91161,91162,76180,91164],{"id":76404},[52,91163,75020],{},[52,91165,131],{},[14,91167,2423],{},[45,91169,91171],{"className":47,"code":91170,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[52,91172,91173],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91174,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91176,59595],{"class":116},[55,91178,120],{"class":69},[55,91180,152],{"class":130},[55,91182,83],{"class":69},[55,91184,4196],{"class":130},[55,91186,83],{"class":69},[55,91188,3424],{"class":130},[55,91190,103],{"class":69},[14,91192,76449,91193,91195],{},[52,91194,40300],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[37,91197,8012,91199,91201,91202,91204],{"id":91198},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[52,91200,35795],{}," in a ",[52,91203,5551],{}," loop",[14,91206,91207,91209],{},[52,91208,35795],{}," is most useful when:",[21,91211,91212,91215,91218],{},[24,91213,91214],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[24,91216,91217],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[24,91219,91220,91221],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[52,91222,91223],{},"for i in range(n)",[14,91225,233],{},[45,91227,91229],{"className":47,"code":91228,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[52,91230,91231,91247],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91232,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91234,5551],{"class":959},[55,91236,69143],{"class":61},[55,91238,3474],{"class":959},[55,91240,53666],{"class":116},[55,91242,120],{"class":69},[55,91244,609],{"class":130},[55,91246,839],{"class":69},[55,91248,91249,91251,91253,91255,91258,91260,91262,91264],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91250,985],{"class":116},[55,91252,120],{"class":69},[55,91254,74],{"class":73},[55,91256,91257],{"class":77},"Loop number:",[55,91259,74],{"class":73},[55,91261,83],{"class":69},[55,91263,35727],{"class":123},[55,91265,103],{"class":69},[14,91267,314],{},[45,91269,91271],{"className":47,"code":91270,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[52,91272,91273,91282,91290],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91274,91275,91278,91280],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91276,91277],{"class":61},"Loop number",[55,91279,854],{"class":69},[55,91281,38108],{"class":130},[55,91283,91284,91286,91288],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91285,91277],{"class":61},[55,91287,854],{"class":69},[55,91289,29212],{"class":130},[55,91291,91292,91294,91296],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,91293,91277],{"class":61},[55,91295,854],{"class":69},[55,91297,45187],{"class":130},[1425,91299,91301],{"id":91300},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[45,91303,91305],{"className":47,"code":91304,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[52,91306,91307,91323],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91308,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91310,5551],{"class":959},[55,91312,69143],{"class":61},[55,91314,3474],{"class":959},[55,91316,53666],{"class":116},[55,91318,120],{"class":69},[55,91320,817],{"class":130},[55,91322,839],{"class":69},[55,91324,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91326,985],{"class":116},[55,91328,120],{"class":69},[55,91330,74],{"class":73},[55,91332,34467],{"class":77},[55,91334,74],{"class":73},[55,91336,103],{"class":69},[14,91338,91339,91340,91342],{},"This prints ",[52,91341,90008],{}," five times.",[1425,91344,91346],{"id":91345},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[45,91348,91350],{"className":47,"code":91349,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[52,91351,91352,91372],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91353,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91355,5551],{"class":959},[55,91357,69143],{"class":61},[55,91359,3474],{"class":959},[55,91361,53666],{"class":116},[55,91363,120],{"class":69},[55,91365,152],{"class":130},[55,91367,83],{"class":69},[55,91369,2042],{"class":130},[55,91371,839],{"class":69},[55,91373,91374,91376,91378,91380,91383,91385,91387,91389],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91375,985],{"class":116},[55,91377,120],{"class":69},[55,91379,74],{"class":73},[55,91381,91382],{"class":77},"Current number is",[55,91384,74],{"class":73},[55,91386,83],{"class":69},[55,91388,35727],{"class":123},[55,91390,103],{"class":69},[14,91392,314],{},[45,91394,91396],{"className":47,"code":91395,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[52,91397,91398,91407,91415],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91399,91400,91403,91405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91401,91402],{"class":61},"Current number ",[55,91404,11793],{"class":65},[55,91406,29212],{"class":130},[55,91408,91409,91411,91413],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91410,91402],{"class":61},[55,91412,11793],{"class":65},[55,91414,45187],{"class":130},[55,91416,91417,91419,91421],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,91418,91402],{"class":61},[55,91420,11793],{"class":65},[55,91422,2164],{"class":130},[1425,91424,91426,91428],{"id":91425},"range-and-indexing",[52,91427,35795],{}," and indexing",[14,91430,91431],{},"You may see code like this:",[45,91433,91435],{"className":47,"code":91434,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[52,91436,91437,91469,91473,91493],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91438,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91440,7375],{"class":61},[55,91442,66],{"class":65},[55,91444,3211],{"class":69},[55,91446,74],{"class":73},[55,91448,194],{"class":77},[55,91450,74],{"class":73},[55,91452,83],{"class":69},[55,91454,86],{"class":73},[55,91456,786],{"class":77},[55,91458,74],{"class":73},[55,91460,83],{"class":69},[55,91462,86],{"class":73},[55,91464,795],{"class":77},[55,91466,74],{"class":73},[55,91468,386],{"class":69},[55,91470,91471],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91472,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,91474,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,91476,5551],{"class":959},[55,91478,69143],{"class":61},[55,91480,3474],{"class":959},[55,91482,53666],{"class":116},[55,91484,120],{"class":69},[55,91486,940],{"class":116},[55,91488,120],{"class":69},[55,91490,7404],{"class":123},[55,91492,69158],{"class":69},[55,91494,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,91496,985],{"class":116},[55,91498,120],{"class":69},[55,91500,35751],{"class":123},[55,91502,83],{"class":69},[55,91504,5559],{"class":123},[55,91506,127],{"class":69},[55,91508,35751],{"class":123},[55,91510,282],{"class":69},[14,91512,314],{},[45,91514,91515],{"className":47,"code":35763,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,91516,91517,91523,91529],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91518,91519,91521],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91520,131],{"class":130},[55,91522,35772],{"class":61},[55,91524,91525,91527],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91526,152],{"class":130},[55,91528,35779],{"class":61},[55,91530,91531,91533],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,91532,309],{"class":130},[55,91534,35786],{"class":61},[14,91536,91537,91538,91542],{},"This works, and it uses ",[194,91539,91540],{"href":41955},[52,91541,889],{}," to get the number of items.",[14,91544,91545],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[45,91547,91549],{"className":47,"code":91548,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[52,91550,91551,91583,91587,91599],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91552,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91554,7375],{"class":61},[55,91556,66],{"class":65},[55,91558,3211],{"class":69},[55,91560,74],{"class":73},[55,91562,194],{"class":77},[55,91564,74],{"class":73},[55,91566,83],{"class":69},[55,91568,86],{"class":73},[55,91570,786],{"class":77},[55,91572,74],{"class":73},[55,91574,83],{"class":69},[55,91576,86],{"class":73},[55,91578,795],{"class":77},[55,91580,74],{"class":73},[55,91582,386],{"class":69},[55,91584,91585],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91586,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,91588,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,91590,5551],{"class":959},[55,91592,5554],{"class":61},[55,91594,3474],{"class":959},[55,91596,5559],{"class":61},[55,91598,979],{"class":69},[55,91600,91601,91603,91605,91607],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,91602,985],{"class":116},[55,91604,120],{"class":69},[55,91606,22907],{"class":123},[55,91608,103],{"class":69},[14,91610,36188,91611,91616],{},[194,91612,91614],{"href":91613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[52,91615,35350],{}," is usually a better choice:",[45,91618,91620],{"className":47,"code":91619,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[52,91621,91622,91654,91658,91678],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91623,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91625,7375],{"class":61},[55,91627,66],{"class":65},[55,91629,3211],{"class":69},[55,91631,74],{"class":73},[55,91633,194],{"class":77},[55,91635,74],{"class":73},[55,91637,83],{"class":69},[55,91639,86],{"class":73},[55,91641,786],{"class":77},[55,91643,74],{"class":73},[55,91645,83],{"class":69},[55,91647,86],{"class":73},[55,91649,795],{"class":77},[55,91651,74],{"class":73},[55,91653,386],{"class":69},[55,91655,91656],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91657,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,91659,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,91661,5551],{"class":959},[55,91663,35422],{"class":61},[55,91665,83],{"class":69},[55,91667,5554],{"class":61},[55,91669,3474],{"class":959},[55,91671,35432],{"class":116},[55,91673,120],{"class":69},[55,91675,7404],{"class":123},[55,91677,839],{"class":69},[55,91679,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,91681,985],{"class":116},[55,91683,120],{"class":69},[55,91685,383],{"class":123},[55,91687,83],{"class":69},[55,91689,29104],{"class":123},[55,91691,103],{"class":69},[14,91693,78708,91694,198],{},[194,91695,36201,91696,36204],{"href":36200},[52,91697,35350],{},[37,91699,91701,91702,91704],{"id":91700},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[52,91703,35795],{}," to a list",[14,91706,91707,91709],{},[52,91708,35795],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[14,91711,91712,91713,854],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[52,91714,24378],{},[45,91716,91718],{"className":47,"code":91717,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[52,91719,91720],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91721,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91723,117],{"class":116},[55,91725,120],{"class":69},[55,91727,7688],{"class":850},[55,91729,120],{"class":69},[55,91731,59595],{"class":116},[55,91733,120],{"class":69},[55,91735,609],{"class":130},[55,91737,2499],{"class":69},[14,91739,314],{},[45,91741,91743],{"className":47,"code":91742,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[52,91744,91745],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91746,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91748,127],{"class":69},[55,91750,131],{"class":130},[55,91752,83],{"class":69},[55,91754,5090],{"class":130},[55,91756,83],{"class":69},[55,91758,976],{"class":130},[55,91760,386],{"class":69},[14,91762,32911],{},[21,91764,91765,91770,91773],{},[24,91766,91767,91768,41682],{},"learning how ",[52,91769,35795],{},[24,91771,91772],{},"checking your values",[24,91774,91775],{},"debugging code",[14,91777,5064],{},[45,91779,91781],{"className":47,"code":91780,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[52,91782,91783,91797,91801,91811],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91784,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91786,243],{"class":61},[55,91788,66],{"class":65},[55,91790,53666],{"class":116},[55,91792,120],{"class":69},[55,91794,2091],{"class":130},[55,91796,103],{"class":69},[55,91798,91799],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91800,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,91802,91803,91805,91807,91809],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,91804,117],{"class":116},[55,91806,120],{"class":69},[55,91808,275],{"class":123},[55,91810,103],{"class":69},[55,91812,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,91814,117],{"class":116},[55,91816,120],{"class":69},[55,91818,7688],{"class":850},[55,91820,120],{"class":69},[55,91822,275],{"class":123},[55,91824,1357],{"class":69},[14,91826,314],{},[45,91828,91830],{"className":47,"code":91829,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[52,91831,91832,91846],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91833,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91835,59595],{"class":116},[55,91837,120],{"class":69},[55,91839,131],{"class":130},[55,91841,83],{"class":69},[55,91843,2042],{"class":130},[55,91845,103],{"class":69},[55,91847,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,91849,127],{"class":69},[55,91851,131],{"class":130},[55,91853,83],{"class":69},[55,91855,5090],{"class":130},[55,91857,83],{"class":69},[55,91859,976],{"class":130},[55,91861,83],{"class":69},[55,91863,2036],{"class":130},[55,91865,386],{"class":69},[14,91867,91868,91869,10183,91871,91874],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[52,91870,59595],{},[52,91872,91873],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[37,91876,4109],{"id":4108},[14,91878,33140,91879,198],{},[52,91880,35795],{},[1425,91882,91884],{"id":91883},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[14,91886,91887],{},"Many beginners think this:",[45,91889,91891],{"className":47,"code":91890,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[52,91892,91893],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91894,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91896,117],{"class":116},[55,91898,120],{"class":69},[55,91900,7688],{"class":850},[55,91902,120],{"class":69},[55,91904,59595],{"class":116},[55,91906,120],{"class":69},[55,91908,152],{"class":130},[55,91910,83],{"class":69},[55,91912,4196],{"class":130},[55,91914,2499],{"class":69},[14,91916,91917],{},"will produce:",[45,91919,91921],{"className":47,"code":91920,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[52,91922,91923],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91924,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91926,127],{"class":69},[55,91928,152],{"class":130},[55,91930,83],{"class":69},[55,91932,976],{"class":130},[55,91934,83],{"class":69},[55,91936,2036],{"class":130},[55,91938,83],{"class":69},[55,91940,2042],{"class":130},[55,91942,83],{"class":69},[55,91944,4196],{"class":130},[55,91946,386],{"class":69},[14,91948,91949],{},"But the real output is:",[45,91951,91952],{"className":47,"code":53101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,91953,91954],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91955,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91957,127],{"class":69},[55,91959,152],{"class":130},[55,91961,83],{"class":69},[55,91963,976],{"class":130},[55,91965,83],{"class":69},[55,91967,2036],{"class":130},[55,91969,83],{"class":69},[55,91971,2042],{"class":130},[55,91973,386],{"class":69},[14,91975,91976],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[1425,91978,4170,91980,91982,91983],{"id":91979},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[52,91981,90444],{}," starts at ",[52,91984,152],{},[14,91986,37064,91987,222,91989,198],{},[52,91988,131],{},[52,91990,152],{},[45,91992,91993],{"className":47,"code":90637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,91994,91995],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,91996,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,91998,117],{"class":116},[55,92000,120],{"class":69},[55,92002,7688],{"class":850},[55,92004,120],{"class":69},[55,92006,59595],{"class":116},[55,92008,120],{"class":69},[55,92010,817],{"class":130},[55,92012,2499],{"class":69},[14,92014,314],{},[45,92016,92017],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,92018,92019],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92020,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92022,127],{"class":69},[55,92024,131],{"class":130},[55,92026,83],{"class":69},[55,92028,5090],{"class":130},[55,92030,83],{"class":69},[55,92032,976],{"class":130},[55,92034,83],{"class":69},[55,92036,2036],{"class":130},[55,92038,83],{"class":69},[55,92040,2042],{"class":130},[55,92042,386],{"class":69},[1425,92044,92046],{"id":92045},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[14,92048,92049,92050,854],{},"This often happens with ",[52,92051,2545],{},[45,92053,92055],{"className":47,"code":92054,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[52,92056,92057,92076,92080,92097],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92058,92059,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92060,92061],{"class":61},"user_number ",[55,92063,66],{"class":65},[55,92065,7837],{"class":116},[55,92067,120],{"class":69},[55,92069,74],{"class":73},[55,92071,41468],{"class":77},[55,92073,74],{"class":73},[55,92075,103],{"class":69},[55,92077,92078],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92079,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92095],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,92083,5551],{"class":959},[55,92085,69143],{"class":61},[55,92087,3474],{"class":959},[55,92089,53666],{"class":116},[55,92091,120],{"class":69},[55,92093,92094],{"class":123},"user_number",[55,92096,839],{"class":69},[55,92098,92099,92101,92103,92105],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,92100,985],{"class":116},[55,92102,120],{"class":69},[55,92104,35751],{"class":123},[55,92106,103],{"class":69},[14,92108,48108,92109,92111],{},[52,92110,2545],{}," returns a string.",[14,92113,10406],{},[45,92115,92117],{"className":47,"code":92116,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[52,92118,92119,92141,92145,92161],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92120,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92122,92061],{"class":61},[55,92124,66],{"class":65},[55,92126,44874],{"class":850},[55,92128,120],{"class":69},[55,92130,42059],{"class":116},[55,92132,120],{"class":69},[55,92134,74],{"class":73},[55,92136,41468],{"class":77},[55,92138,74],{"class":73},[55,92140,1357],{"class":69},[55,92142,92143],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92144,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,92146,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,92148,5551],{"class":959},[55,92150,69143],{"class":61},[55,92152,3474],{"class":959},[55,92154,53666],{"class":116},[55,92156,120],{"class":69},[55,92158,92094],{"class":123},[55,92160,839],{"class":69},[55,92162,92163,92165,92167,92169],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,92164,985],{"class":116},[55,92166,120],{"class":69},[55,92168,35751],{"class":123},[55,92170,103],{"class":69},[14,92172,92173,92174,198],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[194,92175,50121,92176],{"href":50120},[52,92177,50124],{},[1425,92179,92181,92182,92184,92185],{"id":92180},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[52,92183,35671],{}," smaller than ",[52,92186,75017],{},[14,92188,92189],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[45,92191,92192],{"className":47,"code":91119,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,92193,92194],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92195,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212,92214,92216,92218,92220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92197,117],{"class":116},[55,92199,120],{"class":69},[55,92201,7688],{"class":850},[55,92203,120],{"class":69},[55,92205,59595],{"class":116},[55,92207,120],{"class":69},[55,92209,152],{"class":130},[55,92211,83],{"class":69},[55,92213,4196],{"class":130},[55,92215,83],{"class":69},[55,92217,1806],{"class":65},[55,92219,152],{"class":130},[55,92221,2499],{"class":69},[14,92223,314],{},[45,92225,92226],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,92227,92228],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92229,92230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92231,37894],{"class":69},[14,92233,92234],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[1425,92236,25214,92238],{"id":92237},"trying-to-use-step-0",[52,92239,92240],{},"step = 0",[14,92242,77159],{},[45,92244,92246],{"className":47,"code":92245,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[52,92247,92248],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92249,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92251,59595],{"class":116},[55,92253,120],{"class":69},[55,92255,152],{"class":130},[55,92257,83],{"class":69},[55,92259,5598],{"class":130},[55,92261,83],{"class":69},[55,92263,3424],{"class":130},[55,92265,103],{"class":69},[14,92267,92268],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[1425,92270,4296,92272,92274],{"id":92271},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[52,92273,35795],{}," is not a list",[14,92276,92277],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[45,92279,92281],{"className":47,"code":92280,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(range(5))\n",[52,92282,92283],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92284,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92286,117],{"class":116},[55,92288,120],{"class":69},[55,92290,59595],{"class":116},[55,92292,120],{"class":69},[55,92294,817],{"class":130},[55,92296,1357],{"class":69},[14,92298,314],{},[45,92300,92302],{"className":47,"code":92301,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(0, 5)\n",[52,92303,92304],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92305,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92307,59595],{"class":116},[55,92309,120],{"class":69},[55,92311,131],{"class":130},[55,92313,83],{"class":69},[55,92315,4196],{"class":130},[55,92317,103],{"class":69},[14,92319,92320],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[45,92322,92323],{"className":47,"code":90637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,92324,92325],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92326,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92328,117],{"class":116},[55,92330,120],{"class":69},[55,92332,7688],{"class":850},[55,92334,120],{"class":69},[55,92336,59595],{"class":116},[55,92338,120],{"class":69},[55,92340,817],{"class":130},[55,92342,2499],{"class":69},[14,92344,314],{},[45,92346,92347],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,92348,92349],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92350,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92352,127],{"class":69},[55,92354,131],{"class":130},[55,92356,83],{"class":69},[55,92358,5090],{"class":130},[55,92360,83],{"class":69},[55,92362,976],{"class":130},[55,92364,83],{"class":69},[55,92366,2036],{"class":130},[55,92368,83],{"class":69},[55,92370,2042],{"class":130},[55,92372,386],{"class":69},[37,92374,92376],{"id":92375},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[14,92378,8472,92379,81930],{},[52,92380,35795],{},[45,92382,92384],{"className":47,"code":92383,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[52,92385,92386,92400,92418,92440,92468],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92387,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92389,117],{"class":116},[55,92391,120],{"class":69},[55,92393,59595],{"class":116},[55,92395,120],{"class":69},[55,92397,817],{"class":130},[55,92399,1357],{"class":69},[55,92401,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92403,117],{"class":116},[55,92405,120],{"class":69},[55,92407,7688],{"class":850},[55,92409,120],{"class":69},[55,92411,59595],{"class":116},[55,92413,120],{"class":69},[55,92415,817],{"class":130},[55,92417,2499],{"class":69},[55,92419,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,92421,117],{"class":116},[55,92423,120],{"class":69},[55,92425,7688],{"class":850},[55,92427,120],{"class":69},[55,92429,59595],{"class":116},[55,92431,120],{"class":69},[55,92433,309],{"class":130},[55,92435,83],{"class":69},[55,92437,5954],{"class":130},[55,92439,2499],{"class":69},[55,92441,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,92443,117],{"class":116},[55,92445,120],{"class":69},[55,92447,7688],{"class":850},[55,92449,120],{"class":69},[55,92451,59595],{"class":116},[55,92453,120],{"class":69},[55,92455,250],{"class":130},[55,92457,83],{"class":69},[55,92459,3424],{"class":130},[55,92461,83],{"class":69},[55,92463,1806],{"class":65},[55,92465,309],{"class":130},[55,92467,2499],{"class":69},[55,92469,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,92471,117],{"class":116},[55,92473,120],{"class":69},[55,92475,1396],{"class":850},[55,92477,120],{"class":69},[55,92479,59595],{"class":116},[55,92481,120],{"class":69},[55,92483,817],{"class":130},[55,92485,2499],{"class":69},[14,92487,25605],{},[21,92489,92490,92493,92496],{},[24,92491,92492],{},"what values are being created",[24,92494,92495],{},"whether the direction is correct",[24,92497,92498,92499,24214],{},"whether you are working with a ",[52,92500,59595],{},[37,92502,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,92504,12304,92506,92508],{"id":92505},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[52,92507,35795],{}," include the last number?",[14,92510,92511],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[1425,92513,4749,92515,92517,92518,2078],{"id":92514},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[52,92516,90444],{}," start at ",[52,92519,131],{},[14,92521,92522,92523,198],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[52,92524,131],{},[1425,92526,4761,92528,92530],{"id":92527},"can-range-count-backward",[52,92529,35795],{}," count backward?",[14,92532,92533,92534,198],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[52,92535,92536],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[1425,92538,14500,92540,25640],{"id":92539},"is-range-a-list",[52,92541,35795],{},[14,92543,25643,92544,92546,92547,23535],{},[52,92545,59595],{}," object. Use ",[52,92548,92549],{},"list(range(...))",[1425,92551,4749,92553,48282],{"id":92552},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[52,92554,92555],{},"range(input())",[14,92557,92558,3073,92560,198],{},[52,92559,2545],{},[52,92561,92562],{},"int(input())",[37,92564,1495],{"id":1494},[21,92566,92567,92571,92577,92583,92589],{},[24,92568,92569],{},[194,92570,35627],{"href":35626},[24,92572,92573],{},[194,92574,3165,92575,3098],{"href":41955},[52,92576,889],{},[24,92578,92579],{},[194,92580,3165,92581,3098],{"href":91613},[52,92582,35350],{},[24,92584,92585],{},[194,92586,37115,92587,36204],{"href":36200},[52,92588,35350],{},[24,92590,92591],{},[194,92592,50121,92593],{"href":50120},[52,92594,50124],{},[1524,92596,92597],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":92599},[92600,92601,92603,92609,92617,92624,92626,92638,92639,92651],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":90453,"depth":106,"text":92602},"What range() does",{"id":90546,"depth":106,"text":92604,"children":92605},"range() syntax",[92606,92607,92608],{"id":90626,"depth":113,"text":90629},{"id":90690,"depth":113,"text":90693},{"id":90758,"depth":113,"text":90761},{"id":90829,"depth":106,"text":90830,"children":92610},[92611,92612,92613,92614,92615],{"id":90836,"depth":113,"text":90444},{"id":90899,"depth":113,"text":90902},{"id":90963,"depth":113,"text":90966},{"id":91039,"depth":113,"text":91040},{"id":76404,"depth":113,"text":92616},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91198,"depth":106,"text":92618,"children":92619},"Using range() in a for loop",[92620,92621,92622],{"id":91300,"depth":113,"text":91301},{"id":91345,"depth":113,"text":91346},{"id":91425,"depth":113,"text":92623},"range() and indexing",{"id":91700,"depth":106,"text":92625},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":92627},[92628,92629,92631,92632,92634,92636],{"id":91883,"depth":113,"text":91884},{"id":91979,"depth":113,"text":92630},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92045,"depth":113,"text":92046},{"id":92180,"depth":113,"text":92633},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92237,"depth":113,"text":92635},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92271,"depth":113,"text":92637},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92375,"depth":106,"text":92376},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":92640},[92641,92643,92645,92647,92649],{"id":92505,"depth":113,"text":92642},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92514,"depth":113,"text":92644},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92527,"depth":113,"text":92646},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92539,"depth":113,"text":92648},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92552,"depth":113,"text":92650},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90347,"description":92652},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92659,"title":92660,"body":92661,"description":94334,"extension":1546,"meta":94335,"navigation":109,"path":94336,"seo":94337,"stem":94338,"__hash__":94339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92662,"toc":94307},[92663,92672,92679,92696,92712,92714,92763,92771,92775,92778,92798,92800,92864,92866,92909,92912,92958,92960,92993,93003,93009,93017,93034,93036,93067,93069,93094,93099,93110,93113,93183,93185,93216,93221,93226,93243,93245,93296,93298,93331,93334,93341,93346,93350,93366,93368,93412,93414,93460,93463,93476,93481,93485,93499,93501,93552,93554,93587,93592,93594,93601,93603,93626,93628,93693,93695,93712,93715,93748,93750,93778,93788,93795,93799,93802,93820,93823,93851,93854,93872,93877,93883,93886,93908,93910,93938,93940,93943,93968,93971,94084,94086,94165,94167,94173,94178,94186,94194,94198,94201,94203,94236,94238,94246,94252,94259,94266,94269,94271,94304],[10,92664,3165,92666,10183,92668,92671],{"id":92665},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[52,92667,35795],{},[52,92669,92670],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[14,92673,92674,3983,92676,92678],{},[52,92675,35795],{},[52,92677,92670],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[21,92680,92681,92689],{},[24,92682,92683,92685,92686],{},[52,92684,35795],{}," creates a ",[3332,92687,92688],{},"range object",[24,92690,92691,92685,92693],{},[52,92692,92670],{},[3332,92694,92695],{},"real list",[14,92697,92698,92699,92701,92702,92705,92706,92708,92709,92711],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[52,92700,90444],{}," to behave exactly like ",[52,92703,92704],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[52,92707,35795],{}," for looping, and only use ",[52,92710,92670],{}," when you actually need a list.",[37,92713,40],{"id":39},[45,92715,92717],{"className":47,"code":92716,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,92718,92719,92733,92746],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92720,92721,92723,92725,92727,92729,92731],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92722,243],{"class":61},[55,92724,66],{"class":65},[55,92726,53666],{"class":116},[55,92728,120],{"class":69},[55,92730,817],{"class":130},[55,92732,103],{"class":69},[55,92734,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92736,117],{"class":116},[55,92738,120],{"class":69},[55,92740,275],{"class":123},[55,92742,970],{"class":69},[55,92744,92745],{"class":137},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[55,92747,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,92749,117],{"class":116},[55,92751,120],{"class":69},[55,92753,7688],{"class":850},[55,92755,120],{"class":69},[55,92757,275],{"class":123},[55,92759,947],{"class":69},[55,92761,92762],{"class":137},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,92764,1440,92765,92767,92768,92770],{},[52,92766,35795],{}," for looping. Use ",[52,92769,92670],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[37,92772,92774],{"id":92773},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[14,92776,92777],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[21,92779,92780,92787,92792,92795],{},[24,92781,92782,21572,92784,92786],{},[52,92783,35795],{},[3332,92785,92688],{},", not a list",[24,92788,92789,92791],{},[52,92790,92670],{}," converts that range object into a list",[24,92793,92794],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[24,92796,92797],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[14,92799,233],{},[45,92801,92803],{"className":47,"code":92802,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[52,92804,92805,92820,92839,92843,92853],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92806,92807,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92808,92809],{"class":61},"r ",[55,92811,66],{"class":65},[55,92813,53666],{"class":116},[55,92815,120],{"class":69},[55,92817,817],{"class":130},[55,92819,103],{"class":69},[55,92821,92822,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92823,92824],{"class":61},"lst ",[55,92826,66],{"class":65},[55,92828,22156],{"class":850},[55,92830,120],{"class":69},[55,92832,59595],{"class":116},[55,92834,120],{"class":69},[55,92836,817],{"class":130},[55,92838,1357],{"class":69},[55,92840,92841],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,92842,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,92844,92845,92847,92849,92851],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,92846,117],{"class":116},[55,92848,120],{"class":69},[55,92850,60102],{"class":123},[55,92852,103],{"class":69},[55,92854,92855,92857,92859,92862],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,92856,117],{"class":116},[55,92858,120],{"class":69},[55,92860,92861],{"class":123},"lst",[55,92863,103],{"class":69},[14,92865,314],{},[45,92867,92869],{"className":47,"code":92868,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,92870,92871,92885],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92872,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92874,59595],{"class":116},[55,92876,120],{"class":69},[55,92878,131],{"class":130},[55,92880,83],{"class":69},[55,92882,4196],{"class":130},[55,92884,103],{"class":69},[55,92886,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92888,127],{"class":69},[55,92890,131],{"class":130},[55,92892,83],{"class":69},[55,92894,5090],{"class":130},[55,92896,83],{"class":69},[55,92898,976],{"class":130},[55,92900,83],{"class":69},[55,92902,2036],{"class":130},[55,92904,83],{"class":69},[55,92906,2042],{"class":130},[55,92908,386],{"class":69},[14,92910,92911],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[45,92913,92915],{"className":47,"code":92914,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[52,92916,92917,92935],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92918,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92920,117],{"class":116},[55,92922,120],{"class":69},[55,92924,1396],{"class":850},[55,92926,120],{"class":69},[55,92928,59595],{"class":116},[55,92930,120],{"class":69},[55,92932,817],{"class":130},[55,92934,2499],{"class":69},[55,92936,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92938,117],{"class":116},[55,92940,120],{"class":69},[55,92942,1396],{"class":850},[55,92944,120],{"class":69},[55,92946,7688],{"class":850},[55,92948,120],{"class":69},[55,92950,59595],{"class":116},[55,92952,120],{"class":69},[55,92954,817],{"class":130},[55,92956,92957],{"class":69},"))))\n",[14,92959,314],{},[45,92961,92963],{"className":47,"code":92962,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[52,92964,92965,92979],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,92966,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,92968,2878],{"class":65},[55,92970,2881],{"class":1648},[55,92972,2884],{"class":73},[55,92974,59595],{"class":77},[55,92976,2889],{"class":73},[55,92978,2892],{"class":65},[55,92980,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,92982,2878],{"class":65},[55,92984,2881],{"class":1648},[55,92986,2884],{"class":73},[55,92988,7688],{"class":77},[55,92990,2889],{"class":73},[55,92992,2892],{"class":65},[14,92994,92995,92996,92998,92999,198],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[52,92997,35795],{}," works, see ",[194,93000,3165,93001,3098],{"href":92654},[52,93002,35795],{},[37,93004,3265,93006,93008],{"id":93005},"what-range-gives-you",[52,93007,35795],{}," gives you",[14,93010,93011,93013,93014,93016],{},[52,93012,35795],{}," is most often used in ",[52,93015,5551],{}," loops.",[21,93018,93019,93022,93025,93028],{},[24,93020,93021],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[24,93023,93024],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[24,93026,93027],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[24,93029,93030,93031],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[52,93032,93033],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[14,93035,233],{},[45,93037,93039],{"className":47,"code":93038,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[52,93040,93041,93057],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93042,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93044,5551],{"class":959},[55,93046,69143],{"class":61},[55,93048,3474],{"class":959},[55,93050,53666],{"class":116},[55,93052,120],{"class":69},[55,93054,817],{"class":130},[55,93056,839],{"class":69},[55,93058,93059,93061,93063,93065],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93060,985],{"class":116},[55,93062,120],{"class":69},[55,93064,35751],{"class":123},[55,93066,103],{"class":69},[14,93068,314],{},[45,93070,93072],{"className":47,"code":93071,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[52,93073,93074,93078,93082,93086,93090],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93075,93076],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93077,46850],{"class":130},[55,93079,93080],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93081,46515],{"class":130},[55,93083,93084],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93085,16654],{"class":130},[55,93087,93088],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,93089,46215],{"class":130},[55,93091,93092],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,93093,48248],{"class":130},[14,93095,20367,93096,93098],{},[52,93097,90444],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[14,93100,93101,93102,93104,93105,198],{},"This is one reason ",[52,93103,35795],{}," is so common with ",[194,93106,3165,93108,90475],{"href":93107},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[52,93109,5551],{},[14,93111,93112],{},"You can also inspect it:",[45,93114,93116],{"className":47,"code":93115,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[52,93117,93118,93140,93144,93154,93168],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93119,93120,93122,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136,93138],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93121,92809],{"class":61},[55,93123,66],{"class":65},[55,93125,53666],{"class":116},[55,93127,120],{"class":69},[55,93129,309],{"class":130},[55,93131,83],{"class":69},[55,93133,5598],{"class":130},[55,93135,83],{"class":69},[55,93137,976],{"class":130},[55,93139,103],{"class":69},[55,93141,93142],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93143,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,93145,93146,93148,93150,93152],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93147,117],{"class":116},[55,93149,120],{"class":69},[55,93151,60102],{"class":123},[55,93153,103],{"class":69},[55,93155,93156,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,93157,117],{"class":116},[55,93159,120],{"class":69},[55,93161,940],{"class":116},[55,93163,120],{"class":69},[55,93165,60102],{"class":123},[55,93167,1357],{"class":69},[55,93169,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178,93181],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,93171,117],{"class":116},[55,93173,120],{"class":69},[55,93175,80184],{"class":130},[55,93177,20770],{"class":959},[55,93179,93180],{"class":123}," r",[55,93182,103],{"class":69},[14,93184,314],{},[45,93186,93188],{"className":47,"code":93187,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[52,93189,93190,93208,93212],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93191,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93193,59595],{"class":116},[55,93195,120],{"class":69},[55,93197,309],{"class":130},[55,93199,83],{"class":69},[55,93201,5598],{"class":130},[55,93203,83],{"class":69},[55,93205,976],{"class":130},[55,93207,103],{"class":69},[55,93209,93210],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93211,48248],{"class":130},[55,93213,93214],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93215,3570],{"class":3443},[37,93217,3265,93219,93008],{"id":93218},"what-listrange-gives-you",[52,93220,92670],{},[14,93222,93223,93225],{},[52,93224,92670],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[21,93227,93228,93231,93234,93237],{},[24,93229,93230],{},"It creates all values at once",[24,93232,93233],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[24,93235,93236],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[24,93238,93239,93240,93242],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[52,93241,35795],{}," for very large sequences",[14,93244,233],{},[45,93246,93248],{"className":47,"code":93247,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[52,93249,93250,93268,93272,93282],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93251,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260,93262,93264,93266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93253,243],{"class":61},[55,93255,66],{"class":65},[55,93257,22156],{"class":850},[55,93259,120],{"class":69},[55,93261,59595],{"class":116},[55,93263,120],{"class":69},[55,93265,817],{"class":130},[55,93267,1357],{"class":69},[55,93269,93270],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93271,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,93273,93274,93276,93278,93280],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93275,117],{"class":116},[55,93277,120],{"class":69},[55,93279,275],{"class":123},[55,93281,103],{"class":69},[55,93283,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292,93294],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,93285,117],{"class":116},[55,93287,120],{"class":69},[55,93289,275],{"class":123},[55,93291,127],{"class":69},[55,93293,309],{"class":130},[55,93295,282],{"class":69},[14,93297,314],{},[45,93299,93301],{"className":47,"code":93300,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[52,93302,93303,93327],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93304,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93306,127],{"class":69},[55,93308,131],{"class":130},[55,93310,83],{"class":69},[55,93312,5090],{"class":130},[55,93314,83],{"class":69},[55,93316,976],{"class":130},[55,93318,83],{"class":69},[55,93320,2036],{"class":130},[55,93322,83],{"class":69},[55,93324,2042],{"class":130},[55,93326,386],{"class":69},[55,93328,93329],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93330,16654],{"class":130},[14,93332,93333],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[14,93335,93336,93337,198],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[194,93338,3165,93339,3098],{"href":64443},[52,93340,24378],{},[37,93342,4553,93344],{"id":93343},"when-to-use-range",[52,93345,35795],{},[14,93347,1440,93348,10199],{},[52,93349,35795],{},[21,93351,93352,93357,93360,93363],{},[24,93353,93354,93355,91204],{},"You are writing a ",[52,93356,5551],{},[24,93358,93359],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[24,93361,93362],{},"You are working with large sequences",[24,93364,93365],{},"You do not need a real list",[14,93367,233],{},[45,93369,93371],{"className":47,"code":93370,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[52,93372,93373,93393],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93374,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93376,5551],{"class":959},[55,93378,69143],{"class":61},[55,93380,3474],{"class":959},[55,93382,53666],{"class":116},[55,93384,120],{"class":69},[55,93386,152],{"class":130},[55,93388,83],{"class":69},[55,93390,37240],{"class":130},[55,93392,839],{"class":69},[55,93394,93395,93397,93399,93401,93404,93406,93408,93410],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93396,985],{"class":116},[55,93398,120],{"class":69},[55,93400,74],{"class":73},[55,93402,93403],{"class":77},"Count:",[55,93405,74],{"class":73},[55,93407,83],{"class":69},[55,93409,35727],{"class":123},[55,93411,103],{"class":69},[14,93413,314],{},[45,93415,93417],{"className":47,"code":93416,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[52,93418,93419,93428,93436,93444,93452],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93420,93421,93424,93426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93422,93423],{"class":61},"Count",[55,93425,854],{"class":69},[55,93427,29212],{"class":130},[55,93429,93430,93432,93434],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93431,93423],{"class":61},[55,93433,854],{"class":69},[55,93435,45187],{"class":130},[55,93437,93438,93440,93442],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93439,93423],{"class":61},[55,93441,854],{"class":69},[55,93443,2164],{"class":130},[55,93445,93446,93448,93450],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,93447,93423],{"class":61},[55,93449,854],{"class":69},[55,93451,23260],{"class":130},[55,93453,93454,93456,93458],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,93455,93423],{"class":61},[55,93457,854],{"class":69},[55,93459,34442],{"class":130},[14,93461,93462],{},"This is the most common use.",[14,93464,93465,93466,93468,93469,61884,93471,198],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[52,93467,35350],{}," is often a better choice than ",[52,93470,36194],{},[194,93472,36201,93474,36204],{"href":93473},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[52,93475,35350],{},[37,93477,4553,93479],{"id":93478},"when-to-use-listrange",[52,93480,92670],{},[14,93482,1440,93483,10199],{},[52,93484,92670],{},[21,93486,93487,93490,93493,93496],{},[24,93488,93489],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[24,93491,93492],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[24,93494,93495],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[24,93497,93498],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[14,93500,233],{},[45,93502,93504],{"className":47,"code":93503,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,93505,93506,93524,93538,93542],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93507,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93509,243],{"class":61},[55,93511,66],{"class":65},[55,93513,22156],{"class":850},[55,93515,120],{"class":69},[55,93517,59595],{"class":116},[55,93519,120],{"class":69},[55,93521,817],{"class":130},[55,93523,1357],{"class":69},[55,93525,93526,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93527,275],{"class":61},[55,93529,198],{"class":69},[55,93531,13149],{"class":123},[55,93533,120],{"class":69},[55,93535,817],{"class":130},[55,93537,103],{"class":69},[55,93539,93540],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93541,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,93543,93544,93546,93548,93550],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,93545,117],{"class":116},[55,93547,120],{"class":69},[55,93549,275],{"class":123},[55,93551,103],{"class":69},[14,93553,314],{},[45,93555,93557],{"className":47,"code":93556,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[52,93558,93559],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93560,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583,93585],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93562,127],{"class":69},[55,93564,131],{"class":130},[55,93566,83],{"class":69},[55,93568,5090],{"class":130},[55,93570,83],{"class":69},[55,93572,976],{"class":130},[55,93574,83],{"class":69},[55,93576,2036],{"class":130},[55,93578,83],{"class":69},[55,93580,2042],{"class":130},[55,93582,83],{"class":69},[55,93584,4196],{"class":130},[55,93586,386],{"class":69},[14,93588,5654,93589,93591],{},[52,93590,275],{}," is a list.",[37,93593,15194],{"id":15193},[14,93595,93596,93598,93599,198],{},[52,93597,35795],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3332,93600,37194],{},[14,93602,1690],{},[21,93604,93605,93607,93612,93617,93620],{},[24,93606,21582],{},[24,93608,93609,93610],{},"You can check its length with ",[52,93611,889],{},[24,93613,93614,93615],{},"You can test membership with ",[52,93616,3474],{},[24,93618,93619],{},"You can index it",[24,93621,93622,93623,93625],{},"But list methods such as ",[52,93624,52248],{}," do not work on it",[14,93627,233],{},[45,93629,93631],{"className":47,"code":93630,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[52,93632,93633,93647,93651,93665,93679],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93634,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93636,92809],{"class":61},[55,93638,66],{"class":65},[55,93640,53666],{"class":116},[55,93642,120],{"class":69},[55,93644,817],{"class":130},[55,93646,103],{"class":69},[55,93648,93649],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93650,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,93652,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661,93663],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93654,117],{"class":116},[55,93656,120],{"class":69},[55,93658,60102],{"class":123},[55,93660,127],{"class":69},[55,93662,309],{"class":130},[55,93664,282],{"class":69},[55,93666,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,93668,117],{"class":116},[55,93670,120],{"class":69},[55,93672,940],{"class":116},[55,93674,120],{"class":69},[55,93676,60102],{"class":123},[55,93678,1357],{"class":69},[55,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93691],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,93682,117],{"class":116},[55,93684,120],{"class":69},[55,93686,609],{"class":130},[55,93688,20770],{"class":959},[55,93690,93180],{"class":123},[55,93692,103],{"class":69},[14,93694,314],{},[45,93696,93698],{"className":47,"code":93697,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[52,93699,93700,93704,93708],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93701,93702],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93703,16654],{"class":130},[55,93705,93706],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93707,2534],{"class":130},[55,93709,93710],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,93711,3570],{"class":3443},[14,93713,93714],{},"Now compare that with this:",[45,93716,93718],{"className":47,"code":93717,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[52,93719,93720,93734],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93721,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93723,92809],{"class":61},[55,93725,66],{"class":65},[55,93727,53666],{"class":116},[55,93729,120],{"class":69},[55,93731,817],{"class":130},[55,93733,103],{"class":69},[55,93735,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93737,60102],{"class":61},[55,93739,198],{"class":69},[55,93741,13149],{"class":123},[55,93743,120],{"class":69},[55,93745,817],{"class":130},[55,93747,103],{"class":69},[14,93749,314],{},[45,93751,93753],{"className":47,"code":93752,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[52,93754,93755],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93756,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93772,93774,93776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93758,25269],{"class":850},[55,93760,854],{"class":69},[55,93762,2884],{"class":73},[55,93764,59595],{"class":77},[55,93766,2889],{"class":73},[55,93768,24214],{"class":850},[55,93770,93771],{"class":61}," has no attribute ",[55,93773,2889],{"class":73},[55,93775,13149],{"class":77},[55,93777,29297],{"class":73},[14,93779,93780,93781,1773,93783,1777,93785,93787],{},"If you need methods like ",[52,93782,52248],{},[52,93784,55125],{},[52,93786,63907],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[14,93789,93790,93791,198],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[194,93792,1002,93793],{"href":35020},[52,93794,33855],{},[37,93796,93798],{"id":93797},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[14,93800,93801],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[45,93803,93804],{"className":47,"code":92280,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,93805,93806],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93807,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93809,117],{"class":116},[55,93811,120],{"class":69},[55,93813,59595],{"class":116},[55,93815,120],{"class":69},[55,93817,817],{"class":130},[55,93819,1357],{"class":69},[14,93821,93822],{},"to show:",[45,93824,93825],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,93826,93827],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93828,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93830,127],{"class":69},[55,93832,131],{"class":130},[55,93834,83],{"class":69},[55,93836,5090],{"class":130},[55,93838,83],{"class":69},[55,93840,976],{"class":130},[55,93842,83],{"class":69},[55,93844,2036],{"class":130},[55,93846,83],{"class":69},[55,93848,2042],{"class":130},[55,93850,386],{"class":69},[14,93852,93853],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[45,93855,93856],{"className":47,"code":92301,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,93857,93858],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93859,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93861,59595],{"class":116},[55,93863,120],{"class":69},[55,93865,131],{"class":130},[55,93867,83],{"class":69},[55,93869,4196],{"class":130},[55,93871,103],{"class":69},[14,93873,4219,93874,93876],{},[3332,93875,4222],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[14,93878,93879,93880,93882],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3332,93881,92688],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[14,93884,93885],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[45,93887,93888],{"className":47,"code":90637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,93889,93890],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93891,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93893,117],{"class":116},[55,93895,120],{"class":69},[55,93897,7688],{"class":850},[55,93899,120],{"class":69},[55,93901,59595],{"class":116},[55,93903,120],{"class":69},[55,93905,817],{"class":130},[55,93907,2499],{"class":69},[14,93909,314],{},[45,93911,93912],{"className":47,"code":59618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,93913,93914],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93915,93916,93918,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934,93936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93917,127],{"class":69},[55,93919,131],{"class":130},[55,93921,83],{"class":69},[55,93923,5090],{"class":130},[55,93925,83],{"class":69},[55,93927,976],{"class":130},[55,93929,83],{"class":69},[55,93931,2036],{"class":130},[55,93933,83],{"class":69},[55,93935,2042],{"class":130},[55,93937,386],{"class":69},[37,93939,1298],{"id":1297},[14,93941,93942],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[21,93944,93945,93951,93954,93960],{},[24,93946,8012,93947,93950],{},[52,93948,93949],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[24,93952,93953],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[24,93955,93956,93957,93959],{},"Not realizing that ",[52,93958,35795],{}," is iterable but not a list",[24,93961,8012,93962,93964,93965,93967],{},[52,93963,92670],{}," when plain ",[52,93966,35795],{}," would be simpler",[14,93969,93970],{},"These quick checks can help:",[45,93972,93974],{"className":47,"code":93973,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[52,93975,93976,93990,94008,94026,94048,94066],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,93977,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,93979,117],{"class":116},[55,93981,120],{"class":69},[55,93983,59595],{"class":116},[55,93985,120],{"class":69},[55,93987,817],{"class":130},[55,93989,1357],{"class":69},[55,93991,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,93993,117],{"class":116},[55,93995,120],{"class":69},[55,93997,7688],{"class":850},[55,93999,120],{"class":69},[55,94001,59595],{"class":116},[55,94003,120],{"class":69},[55,94005,817],{"class":130},[55,94007,2499],{"class":69},[55,94009,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020,94022,94024],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94011,117],{"class":116},[55,94013,120],{"class":69},[55,94015,1396],{"class":850},[55,94017,120],{"class":69},[55,94019,59595],{"class":116},[55,94021,120],{"class":69},[55,94023,817],{"class":130},[55,94025,2499],{"class":69},[55,94027,94028,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,94029,117],{"class":116},[55,94031,120],{"class":69},[55,94033,1396],{"class":850},[55,94035,120],{"class":69},[55,94037,7688],{"class":850},[55,94039,120],{"class":69},[55,94041,59595],{"class":116},[55,94043,120],{"class":69},[55,94045,817],{"class":130},[55,94047,92957],{"class":69},[55,94049,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,94051,117],{"class":116},[55,94053,120],{"class":69},[55,94055,609],{"class":130},[55,94057,20770],{"class":959},[55,94059,53666],{"class":116},[55,94061,120],{"class":69},[55,94063,817],{"class":130},[55,94065,1357],{"class":69},[55,94067,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,94069,117],{"class":116},[55,94071,120],{"class":69},[55,94073,940],{"class":116},[55,94075,120],{"class":69},[55,94077,59595],{"class":116},[55,94079,120],{"class":69},[55,94081,817],{"class":130},[55,94083,2499],{"class":69},[14,94085,314],{},[45,94087,94089],{"className":47,"code":94088,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[52,94090,94091,94105,94129,94143,94157,94161],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94092,94093,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94094,59595],{"class":116},[55,94096,120],{"class":69},[55,94098,131],{"class":130},[55,94100,83],{"class":69},[55,94102,4196],{"class":130},[55,94104,103],{"class":69},[55,94106,94107,94109,94111,94113,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94108,127],{"class":69},[55,94110,131],{"class":130},[55,94112,83],{"class":69},[55,94114,5090],{"class":130},[55,94116,83],{"class":69},[55,94118,976],{"class":130},[55,94120,83],{"class":69},[55,94122,2036],{"class":130},[55,94124,83],{"class":69},[55,94126,2042],{"class":130},[55,94128,386],{"class":69},[55,94130,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94132,2878],{"class":65},[55,94134,2881],{"class":1648},[55,94136,2884],{"class":73},[55,94138,59595],{"class":77},[55,94140,2889],{"class":73},[55,94142,2892],{"class":65},[55,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,94146,2878],{"class":65},[55,94148,2881],{"class":1648},[55,94150,2884],{"class":73},[55,94152,7688],{"class":77},[55,94154,2889],{"class":73},[55,94156,2892],{"class":65},[55,94158,94159],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,94160,3570],{"class":3443},[55,94162,94163],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,94164,2534],{"class":130},[37,94166,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,94168,14500,94170,94172],{"id":94169},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[52,94171,35795],{}," a list in Python?",[14,94174,45963,94175,94177],{},[52,94176,35795],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[1425,94179,94181,94182,1309,94184,2078],{"id":94180},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[52,94183,35795],{},[52,94185,92670],{},[14,94187,94188,94190,94191,94193],{},[52,94189,35795],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[52,94192,92670],{}," creates a full list.",[1425,94195,94197],{"id":94196},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[14,94199,94200],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[14,94202,233],{},[45,94204,94206],{"className":47,"code":94205,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[52,94207,94208,94222],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94209,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94211,92809],{"class":61},[55,94213,66],{"class":65},[55,94215,53666],{"class":116},[55,94217,120],{"class":69},[55,94219,817],{"class":130},[55,94221,103],{"class":69},[55,94223,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94225,117],{"class":116},[55,94227,120],{"class":69},[55,94229,60102],{"class":123},[55,94231,127],{"class":69},[55,94233,152],{"class":130},[55,94235,282],{"class":69},[14,94237,314],{},[45,94239,94240],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,94241,94242],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94243,94244],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94245,46515],{"class":130},[1425,94247,4749,94249,94251],{"id":94248},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[52,94250,93949],{}," not show all numbers?",[14,94253,94254,94255,94258],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[52,94256,94257],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[1425,94260,94262,94263,94265],{"id":94261},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[52,94264,35795],{}," to a list?",[14,94267,94268],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[37,94270,1495],{"id":1494},[21,94272,94273,94279,94285,94292,94298],{},[24,94274,94275],{},[194,94276,3165,94277,3098],{"href":92654},[52,94278,35795],{},[24,94280,94281],{},[194,94282,3165,94283,3098],{"href":64443},[52,94284,24378],{},[24,94286,94287],{},[194,94288,3165,94289,94291],{"href":93107},[52,94290,5551],{}," loops explained",[24,94293,94294],{},[194,94295,37115,94296,36204],{"href":93473},[52,94297,35350],{},[24,94299,94300],{},[194,94301,1516,94302],{"href":35020},[52,94303,33855],{},[1524,94305,94306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":94308},[94309,94310,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319,94320,94321,94322,94333],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":92773,"depth":106,"text":92774},{"id":93005,"depth":106,"text":94312},"What range() gives you",{"id":93218,"depth":106,"text":94314},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93343,"depth":106,"text":94316},"When to use range()",{"id":93478,"depth":106,"text":94318},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15193,"depth":106,"text":15194},{"id":93797,"depth":106,"text":93798},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":94323},[94324,94326,94328,94329,94331],{"id":94169,"depth":113,"text":94325},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94180,"depth":113,"text":94327},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94196,"depth":113,"text":94197},{"id":94248,"depth":113,"text":94330},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94261,"depth":113,"text":94332},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92660,"description":94334},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94341,"title":94342,"body":94343,"description":95778,"extension":1546,"meta":95779,"navigation":109,"path":95780,"seo":95781,"stem":95782,"__hash__":95783},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94344,"toc":95744},[94345,94351,94356,94359,94373,94376,94378,94417,94419,94432,94440,94445,94461,94464,94466,94468,94489,94506,94509,94568,94570,94589,94594,94600,94603,94637,94639,94652,94655,94700,94702,94725,94732,94738,94741,94782,94784,94798,94801,94859,94861,94876,94889,94895,94901,94966,94968,94987,94989,95006,95009,95013,95019,95021,95054,95056,95069,95079,95082,95143,95145,95166,95169,95171,95187,95192,95196,95201,95206,95262,95264,95282,95285,95330,95332,95340,95345,95349,95363,95365,95397,95399,95408,95410,95414,95423,95426,95458,95460,95472,95475,95479,95484,95525,95527,95535,95538,95561,95565,95567,95576,95579,95632,95634,95643,95647,95652,95663,95665,95674,95677,95683,95686,95692,95702,95710,95717,95719,95741],[10,94346,3165,94348,3169],{"id":94347},"python-round-function-explained",[52,94349,94350],{},"round()",[14,94352,8720,94353,94355],{},[52,94354,94350],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[14,94357,94358],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[21,94360,94361,94367],{},[24,94362,94363,94366],{},[52,94364,94365],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[24,94368,94369,94372],{},[52,94370,94371],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94374,94375],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[37,94377,1588],{"id":1587},[45,94379,94381],{"className":47,"code":94380,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[52,94382,94383,94399],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94384,94385,94387,94389,94392,94394,94397],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94386,117],{"class":116},[55,94388,120],{"class":69},[55,94390,94391],{"class":116},"round",[55,94393,120],{"class":69},[55,94395,94396],{"class":130},"3.14159",[55,94398,1357],{"class":69},[55,94400,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94402,117],{"class":116},[55,94404,120],{"class":69},[55,94406,94391],{"class":116},[55,94408,120],{"class":69},[55,94410,94396],{"class":130},[55,94412,83],{"class":69},[55,94414,976],{"class":130},[55,94416,1357],{"class":69},[14,94418,314],{},[45,94420,94422],{"className":47,"code":94421,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3\n3.14\n",[52,94423,94424,94428],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94425,94426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94427,46215],{"class":130},[55,94429,94430],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94431,39773],{"class":130},[14,94433,1440,94434,94436,94437,94439],{},[52,94435,94365],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[52,94438,94371],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[37,94441,3265,94443,3268],{"id":94442},"what-round-does",[52,94444,94350],{},[21,94446,94447,94452,94455,94458],{},[24,94448,94449,94451],{},[52,94450,94350],{}," is a built-in Python function",[24,94453,94454],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[24,94456,94457],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[24,94459,94460],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[14,94462,94463],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[37,94465,1740],{"id":1739},[14,94467,1743],{},[45,94469,94471],{"className":47,"code":94470,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[52,94472,94473],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94474,94475,94477,94479,94481,94484,94487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94476,94391],{"class":116},[55,94478,120],{"class":69},[55,94480,1824],{"class":123},[55,94482,94483],{"class":69},"[,",[55,94485,94486],{"class":123}," ndigits",[55,94488,282],{"class":69},[21,94490,94491,94496,94501],{},[24,94492,94493,94495],{},[52,94494,1824],{}," is the value to round",[24,94497,94498,19636],{},[52,94499,94500],{},"ndigits",[24,94502,94503,94505],{},[52,94504,94500],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[14,94507,94508],{},"Basic examples:",[45,94510,94512],{"className":47,"code":94511,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[52,94513,94514,94529,94547],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94515,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94517,117],{"class":116},[55,94519,120],{"class":69},[55,94521,94391],{"class":116},[55,94523,120],{"class":69},[55,94525,94526],{"class":130},"7.8",[55,94528,1357],{"class":69},[55,94530,94531,94533,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94532,117],{"class":116},[55,94534,120],{"class":69},[55,94536,94391],{"class":116},[55,94538,120],{"class":69},[55,94540,94526],{"class":130},[55,94542,83],{"class":69},[55,94544,5090],{"class":130},[55,94546,1357],{"class":69},[55,94548,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557,94560,94562,94564,94566],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94550,117],{"class":116},[55,94552,120],{"class":69},[55,94554,94391],{"class":116},[55,94556,120],{"class":69},[55,94558,94559],{"class":130},"1234",[55,94561,83],{"class":69},[55,94563,1806],{"class":65},[55,94565,309],{"class":130},[55,94567,1357],{"class":69},[14,94569,314],{},[45,94571,94573],{"className":47,"code":94572,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[52,94574,94575,94579,94584],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94576,94577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94578,1965],{"class":130},[55,94580,94581],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94582,94583],{"class":130},"7.8\n",[55,94585,94586],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94587,94588],{"class":130},"1200\n",[14,94590,94591,94592,198],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[194,94593,2004],{"href":2003},[37,94595,8012,94597,94599],{"id":94596},"using-round-with-one-argument",[52,94598,94350],{}," with one argument",[14,94601,94602],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[45,94604,94606],{"className":47,"code":94605,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[52,94607,94608,94622],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94609,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94611,117],{"class":116},[55,94613,120],{"class":69},[55,94615,94391],{"class":116},[55,94617,120],{"class":69},[55,94619,1947],{"class":130},[55,94621,1357],{"class":69},[55,94623,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94635],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94625,117],{"class":116},[55,94627,120],{"class":69},[55,94629,94391],{"class":116},[55,94631,120],{"class":69},[55,94633,94634],{"class":130},"4.8",[55,94636,1357],{"class":69},[14,94638,314],{},[45,94640,94642],{"className":47,"code":94641,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"4\n5\n",[52,94643,94644,94648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94645,94646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94647,48248],{"class":130},[55,94649,94650],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94651,2534],{"class":130},[14,94653,94654],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[45,94656,94658],{"className":47,"code":94657,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,94659,94660,94676,94686],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94661,94662,94664,94666,94669,94671,94674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94663,1814],{"class":61},[55,94665,66],{"class":65},[55,94667,94668],{"class":116}," round",[55,94670,120],{"class":69},[55,94672,94673],{"class":130},"10.2",[55,94675,103],{"class":69},[55,94677,94678,94680,94682,94684],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94679,117],{"class":116},[55,94681,120],{"class":69},[55,94683,1849],{"class":123},[55,94685,103],{"class":69},[55,94687,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94689,117],{"class":116},[55,94691,120],{"class":69},[55,94693,1396],{"class":850},[55,94695,120],{"class":69},[55,94697,1849],{"class":123},[55,94699,1357],{"class":69},[14,94701,314],{},[45,94703,94705],{"className":47,"code":94704,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[52,94706,94707,94711],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94708,94709],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94710,324],{"class":130},[55,94712,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721,94723],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94714,2878],{"class":65},[55,94716,2881],{"class":1648},[55,94718,2884],{"class":73},[55,94720,1772],{"class":77},[55,94722,2889],{"class":73},[55,94724,2892],{"class":65},[14,94726,94727,94728,198],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[194,94729,3165,94730,3098],{"href":2461},[52,94731,2464],{},[37,94733,8012,94735,94737],{"id":94734},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[52,94736,94350],{}," with decimal places",[14,94739,94740],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[45,94742,94744],{"className":47,"code":94743,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[52,94745,94746,94764],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94747,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760,94762],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94749,117],{"class":116},[55,94751,120],{"class":69},[55,94753,94391],{"class":116},[55,94755,120],{"class":69},[55,94757,94396],{"class":130},[55,94759,83],{"class":69},[55,94761,976],{"class":130},[55,94763,1357],{"class":69},[55,94765,94766,94768,94770,94772,94774,94776,94778,94780],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94767,117],{"class":116},[55,94769,120],{"class":69},[55,94771,94391],{"class":116},[55,94773,120],{"class":69},[55,94775,94396],{"class":130},[55,94777,83],{"class":69},[55,94779,2036],{"class":130},[55,94781,1357],{"class":69},[14,94783,314],{},[45,94785,94787],{"className":47,"code":94786,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3.14\n3.142\n",[52,94788,94789,94793],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94790,94791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94792,39773],{"class":130},[55,94794,94795],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94796,94797],{"class":130},"3.142\n",[14,94799,94800],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[45,94802,94804],{"className":47,"code":94803,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[52,94805,94806,94815,94834,94838,94848],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94807,94808,94810,94812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94809,39983],{"class":61},[55,94811,66],{"class":65},[55,94813,94814],{"class":130}," 19.9876\n",[55,94816,94817,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830,94832],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94818,94819],{"class":61},"rounded_price ",[55,94821,66],{"class":65},[55,94823,94668],{"class":116},[55,94825,120],{"class":69},[55,94827,24747],{"class":123},[55,94829,83],{"class":69},[55,94831,976],{"class":130},[55,94833,103],{"class":69},[55,94835,94836],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94837,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,94839,94840,94842,94844,94846],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,94841,117],{"class":116},[55,94843,120],{"class":69},[55,94845,24747],{"class":123},[55,94847,103],{"class":69},[55,94849,94850,94852,94854,94857],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,94851,117],{"class":116},[55,94853,120],{"class":69},[55,94855,94856],{"class":123},"rounded_price",[55,94858,103],{"class":69},[14,94860,314],{},[45,94862,94864],{"className":47,"code":94863,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[52,94865,94866,94871],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94867,94868],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94869,94870],{"class":130},"19.9876\n",[55,94872,94873],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94874,94875],{"class":130},"19.99\n",[14,94877,94878,94879,94882,94883,2465,94885,198],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[52,94880,94881],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[194,94884,40488],{"href":40487},[194,94886,3165,94887,3098],{"href":2468},[52,94888,2471],{},[37,94890,94892,94893],{"id":94891},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[52,94894,94500],{},[14,94896,94897,94898,94900],{},"A negative ",[52,94899,94500],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[45,94902,94904],{"className":47,"code":94903,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[52,94905,94906,94926,94946],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94907,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94909,117],{"class":116},[55,94911,120],{"class":69},[55,94913,94391],{"class":116},[55,94915,120],{"class":69},[55,94917,94559],{"class":130},[55,94919,83],{"class":69},[55,94921,1806],{"class":65},[55,94923,152],{"class":130},[55,94925,1357],{"class":69},[55,94927,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94929,117],{"class":116},[55,94931,120],{"class":69},[55,94933,94391],{"class":116},[55,94935,120],{"class":69},[55,94937,94559],{"class":130},[55,94939,83],{"class":69},[55,94941,1806],{"class":65},[55,94943,309],{"class":130},[55,94945,1357],{"class":69},[55,94947,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94949,117],{"class":116},[55,94951,120],{"class":69},[55,94953,94391],{"class":116},[55,94955,120],{"class":69},[55,94957,94559],{"class":130},[55,94959,83],{"class":69},[55,94961,1806],{"class":65},[55,94963,609],{"class":130},[55,94965,1357],{"class":69},[14,94967,314],{},[45,94969,94971],{"className":47,"code":94970,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[52,94972,94973,94978,94982],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,94974,94975],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,94976,94977],{"class":130},"1230\n",[55,94979,94980],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,94981,94588],{"class":130},[55,94983,94984],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,94985,94986],{"class":130},"1000\n",[14,94988,65180],{},[21,94990,94991,94996,95001],{},[24,94992,94993,94995],{},[52,94994,502],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[24,94997,94998,95000],{},[52,94999,508],{}," rounds to the nearest 100",[24,95002,95003,95005],{},[52,95004,514],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[14,95007,95008],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[37,95010,95012],{"id":95011},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[14,95014,95015,95016,198],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[52,95017,95018],{},".5",[14,95020,5064],{},[45,95022,95024],{"className":47,"code":95023,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[52,95025,95026,95040],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95027,95028,95030,95032,95034,95036,95038],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95029,117],{"class":116},[55,95031,120],{"class":69},[55,95033,94391],{"class":116},[55,95035,120],{"class":69},[55,95037,40755],{"class":130},[55,95039,1357],{"class":69},[55,95041,95042,95044,95046,95048,95050,95052],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95043,117],{"class":116},[55,95045,120],{"class":69},[55,95047,94391],{"class":116},[55,95049,120],{"class":69},[55,95051,1624],{"class":130},[55,95053,1357],{"class":69},[14,95055,314],{},[45,95057,95059],{"className":47,"code":95058,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"2\n4\n",[52,95060,95061,95065],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95062,95063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95064,16654],{"class":130},[55,95066,95067],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95068,48248],{"class":130},[14,95070,95071,95072,95075,95076,95078],{},"Python uses ",[3332,95073,95074],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[52,95077,95018],{}," situations.",[14,95080,95081],{},"More examples:",[45,95083,95085],{"className":47,"code":95084,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[52,95086,95087,95101,95115,95129],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95088,95089,95091,95093,95095,95097,95099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95090,117],{"class":116},[55,95092,120],{"class":69},[55,95094,94391],{"class":116},[55,95096,120],{"class":69},[55,95098,40768],{"class":130},[55,95100,1357],{"class":69},[55,95102,95103,95105,95107,95109,95111,95113],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95104,117],{"class":116},[55,95106,120],{"class":69},[55,95108,94391],{"class":116},[55,95110,120],{"class":69},[55,95112,40755],{"class":130},[55,95114,1357],{"class":69},[55,95116,95117,95119,95121,95123,95125,95127],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95118,117],{"class":116},[55,95120,120],{"class":69},[55,95122,94391],{"class":116},[55,95124,120],{"class":69},[55,95126,1624],{"class":130},[55,95128,1357],{"class":69},[55,95130,95131,95133,95135,95137,95139,95141],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,95132,117],{"class":116},[55,95134,120],{"class":69},[55,95136,94391],{"class":116},[55,95138,120],{"class":69},[55,95140,40720],{"class":130},[55,95142,1357],{"class":69},[14,95144,314],{},[45,95146,95148],{"className":47,"code":95147,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[52,95149,95150,95154,95158,95162],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95151,95152],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95153,16654],{"class":130},[55,95155,95156],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95157,16654],{"class":130},[55,95159,95160],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95161,48248],{"class":130},[55,95163,95164],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,95165,48248],{"class":130},[14,95167,95168],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[14,95170,10311],{},[21,95172,95173,95180],{},[24,95174,95175,1716,95178],{},[52,95176,95177],{},"round(2.5)",[52,95179,309],{},[24,95181,95182,1716,95185],{},[52,95183,95184],{},"round(3.5)",[52,95186,2091],{},[14,95188,2757,95189,95191],{},[52,95190,95018],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[37,95193,95195],{"id":95194},"return-values","Return values",[14,95197,95198,95200],{},[52,95199,94350],{}," returns the rounded value.",[14,95202,40502,95203,95205],{},[3332,95204,4222],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[45,95207,95209],{"className":47,"code":95208,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[52,95210,95211,95220,95224,95234,95252],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95212,95213,95215,95217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95214,2031],{"class":61},[55,95216,66],{"class":65},[55,95218,95219],{"class":130}," 3.14159\n",[55,95221,95222],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95223,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95227,117],{"class":116},[55,95229,120],{"class":69},[55,95231,2058],{"class":123},[55,95233,103],{"class":69},[55,95235,95236,95238,95240,95242,95244,95246,95248,95250],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,95237,117],{"class":116},[55,95239,120],{"class":69},[55,95241,94391],{"class":116},[55,95243,120],{"class":69},[55,95245,2058],{"class":123},[55,95247,83],{"class":69},[55,95249,976],{"class":130},[55,95251,1357],{"class":69},[55,95253,95254,95256,95258,95260],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,95255,117],{"class":116},[55,95257,120],{"class":69},[55,95259,2058],{"class":123},[55,95261,103],{"class":69},[14,95263,314],{},[45,95265,95267],{"className":47,"code":95266,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[52,95268,95269,95274,95278],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95270,95271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95272,95273],{"class":130},"3.14159\n",[55,95275,95276],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95277,39773],{"class":130},[55,95279,95280],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95281,95273],{"class":130},[14,95283,95284],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[45,95286,95288],{"className":47,"code":95287,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[52,95289,95290,95298,95316,95320],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95291,95292,95294,95296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95293,2031],{"class":61},[55,95295,66],{"class":65},[55,95297,95219],{"class":130},[55,95299,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310,95312,95314],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95301,2031],{"class":61},[55,95303,66],{"class":65},[55,95305,94668],{"class":116},[55,95307,120],{"class":69},[55,95309,2058],{"class":123},[55,95311,83],{"class":69},[55,95313,976],{"class":130},[55,95315,103],{"class":69},[55,95317,95318],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95319,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,95321,95322,95324,95326,95328],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,95323,117],{"class":116},[55,95325,120],{"class":69},[55,95327,2058],{"class":123},[55,95329,103],{"class":69},[14,95331,314],{},[45,95333,95334],{"className":47,"code":39773,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,95335,95336],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95337,95338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95339,39773],{"class":130},[37,95341,4553,95343],{"id":95342},"when-to-use-round",[52,95344,94350],{},[14,95346,1440,95347,5912],{},[52,95348,94350],{},[21,95350,95351,95354,95357,95360],{},[24,95352,95353],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[24,95355,95356],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[24,95358,95359],{},"Round values before reporting results",[24,95361,95362],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[14,95364,5064],{},[45,95366,95368],{"className":47,"code":95367,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[52,95369,95370,95379],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95371,95372,95374,95376],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95373,2183],{"class":61},[55,95375,66],{"class":65},[55,95377,95378],{"class":130}," 12.67891\n",[55,95380,95381,95383,95385,95387,95389,95391,95393,95395],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95382,117],{"class":116},[55,95384,120],{"class":69},[55,95386,94391],{"class":116},[55,95388,120],{"class":69},[55,95390,2206],{"class":123},[55,95392,83],{"class":69},[55,95394,976],{"class":130},[55,95396,1357],{"class":69},[14,95398,314],{},[45,95400,95402],{"className":47,"code":95401,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"12.68\n",[52,95403,95404],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95405,95406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95407,95401],{"class":130},[37,95409,1298],{"id":1297},[14,95411,22691,95412,198],{},[52,95413,94350],{},[1425,95415,8048,95417,95419,95420,95422],{"id":95416},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[52,95418,94350],{}," to always round ",[52,95421,95018],{}," upward",[14,95424,95425],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[45,95427,95428],{"className":47,"code":95023,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,95429,95430,95444],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95431,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95433,117],{"class":116},[55,95435,120],{"class":69},[55,95437,94391],{"class":116},[55,95439,120],{"class":69},[55,95441,40755],{"class":130},[55,95443,1357],{"class":69},[55,95445,95446,95448,95450,95452,95454,95456],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95447,117],{"class":116},[55,95449,120],{"class":69},[55,95451,94391],{"class":116},[55,95453,120],{"class":69},[55,95455,1624],{"class":130},[55,95457,1357],{"class":69},[14,95459,314],{},[45,95461,95462],{"className":47,"code":95058,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,95463,95464,95468],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95465,95466],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95467,16654],{"class":130},[55,95469,95470],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95471,48248],{"class":130},[14,95473,95474],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[1425,95476,95478],{"id":95477},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[14,95480,95481,95483],{},[52,95482,94350],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[45,95485,95487],{"className":47,"code":95486,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[52,95488,95489,95497,95511,95515],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95490,95491,95493,95495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95492,2031],{"class":61},[55,95494,66],{"class":65},[55,95496,95219],{"class":130},[55,95498,95499,95501,95503,95505,95507,95509],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95500,94391],{"class":116},[55,95502,120],{"class":69},[55,95504,2058],{"class":123},[55,95506,83],{"class":69},[55,95508,976],{"class":130},[55,95510,103],{"class":69},[55,95512,95513],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95514,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,95516,95517,95519,95521,95523],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,95518,117],{"class":116},[55,95520,120],{"class":69},[55,95522,2058],{"class":123},[55,95524,103],{"class":69},[14,95526,314],{},[45,95528,95529],{"className":47,"code":95273,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,95530,95531],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95532,95533],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95534,95273],{"class":130},[14,95536,95537],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[45,95539,95541],{"className":47,"code":95540,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[52,95542,95543],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95544,95545,95547,95549,95551,95553,95555,95557,95559],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95546,2031],{"class":61},[55,95548,66],{"class":65},[55,95550,94668],{"class":116},[55,95552,120],{"class":69},[55,95554,2058],{"class":123},[55,95556,83],{"class":69},[55,95558,976],{"class":130},[55,95560,103],{"class":69},[1425,95562,95564],{"id":95563},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[14,95566,15998],{},[45,95568,95570],{"className":47,"code":95569,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[52,95571,95572],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95573,95574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95575,95569],{"class":137},[14,95577,95578],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[45,95580,95582],{"className":47,"code":95581,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[52,95583,95584,95596,95610,95614],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95585,95586,95588,95590,95592,95594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95587,34287],{"class":61},[55,95589,66],{"class":65},[55,95591,86],{"class":73},[55,95593,39739],{"class":77},[55,95595,1288],{"class":73},[55,95597,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606,95608],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95599,1801],{"class":61},[55,95601,66],{"class":65},[55,95603,39851],{"class":850},[55,95605,120],{"class":69},[55,95607,34308],{"class":123},[55,95609,103],{"class":69},[55,95611,95612],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95613,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,95615,95616,95618,95620,95622,95624,95626,95628,95630],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,95617,117],{"class":116},[55,95619,120],{"class":69},[55,95621,94391],{"class":116},[55,95623,120],{"class":69},[55,95625,1824],{"class":123},[55,95627,83],{"class":69},[55,95629,5090],{"class":130},[55,95631,1357],{"class":69},[14,95633,314],{},[45,95635,95637],{"className":47,"code":95636,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3.1\n",[52,95638,95639],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95640,95641],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95642,95636],{"class":130},[1425,95644,95646],{"id":95645},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[14,95648,95649,95651],{},[52,95650,94350],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[14,95653,95654,95655,2465,95659,198],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[194,95656,95657],{"href":2468},[52,95658,2471],{},[194,95660,95661],{"href":2461},[52,95662,2464],{},[37,95664,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,95666,12304,95668,95670,95671,95673],{"id":95667},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[52,95669,94350],{}," always round ",[52,95672,39810],{}," up?",[14,95675,95676],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[1425,95678,12304,95680,95682],{"id":95679},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[52,95681,94350],{}," change the original number?",[14,95684,95685],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[1425,95687,4761,95689,95691],{"id":95688},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[52,95690,94350],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[14,95693,95694,95695,95697,95698,2465,95700,198],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[52,95696,94500],{}," value like ",[52,95699,502],{},[52,95701,508],{},[1425,95703,27925,95705,95707,95708,2078],{"id":95704},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[52,95706,94350],{}," on a string like ",[52,95709,47692],{},[14,95711,95712,95713,2465,95715,198],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[52,95714,2471],{},[52,95716,2464],{},[37,95718,1495],{"id":1494},[21,95720,95721,95727,95733,95737],{},[24,95722,95723],{},[194,95724,3165,95725,3098],{"href":2468},[52,95726,2471],{},[24,95728,95729],{},[194,95730,3165,95731,3098],{"href":2461},[52,95732,2464],{},[24,95734,95735],{},[194,95736,2004],{"href":2003},[24,95738,95739],{},[194,95740,41778],{"href":40487},[1524,95742,95743],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":95745},[95746,95747,95749,95750,95752,95754,95756,95757,95758,95760,95767,95777],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":94442,"depth":106,"text":95748},"What round() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":94596,"depth":106,"text":95751},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94734,"depth":106,"text":95753},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94891,"depth":106,"text":95755},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95011,"depth":106,"text":95012},{"id":95194,"depth":106,"text":95195},{"id":95342,"depth":106,"text":95759},"When to use round()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":95761},[95762,95764,95765,95766],{"id":95416,"depth":113,"text":95763},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95477,"depth":113,"text":95478},{"id":95563,"depth":113,"text":95564},{"id":95645,"depth":113,"text":95646},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":95768},[95769,95771,95773,95775],{"id":95667,"depth":113,"text":95770},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95679,"depth":113,"text":95772},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95688,"depth":113,"text":95774},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95704,"depth":113,"text":95776},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94342,"description":95778},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95785,"title":95786,"body":95787,"description":96972,"extension":1546,"meta":96973,"navigation":109,"path":96974,"seo":96975,"stem":96976,"__hash__":96977},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95788,"toc":96946},[95789,95796,95802,95805,95807,95856,95860,95885,95890,95895,95900,95914,95925,95927,95946,95948,95964,95967,95978,95980,95982,96043,96047,96080,96087,96094,96097,96130,96133,96137,96140,96193,96197,96218,96224,96231,96238,96299,96307,96384,96388,96400,96409,96411,96417,96423,96427,96480,96483,96541,96545,96553,96556,96560,96563,96573,96575,96672,96675,96686,96689,96732,96736,96760,96763,96769,96771,96775,96800,96802,96869,96878,96880,96886,96891,96895,96898,96902,96909,96913,96918,96920,96937,96943],[10,95790,95792,95793,10920],{"id":95791},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[52,95794,95795],{},"add()",[14,95797,95798,95801],{},[52,95799,95800],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[14,95803,95804],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[37,95806,1588],{"id":1587},[45,95808,95810],{"className":47,"code":95809,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,95811,95812,95832,95846],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95813,95814,95816,95818,95820,95822,95824,95826,95828,95830],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95815,243],{"class":61},[55,95817,66],{"class":65},[55,95819,10088],{"class":69},[55,95821,152],{"class":130},[55,95823,83],{"class":69},[55,95825,976],{"class":130},[55,95827,83],{"class":69},[55,95829,2036],{"class":130},[55,95831,8906],{"class":69},[55,95833,95834,95836,95838,95840,95842,95844],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,95835,275],{"class":61},[55,95837,198],{"class":69},[55,95839,81696],{"class":123},[55,95841,120],{"class":69},[55,95843,2091],{"class":130},[55,95845,103],{"class":69},[55,95847,95848,95850,95852,95854],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,95849,117],{"class":116},[55,95851,120],{"class":69},[55,95853,275],{"class":123},[55,95855,103],{"class":69},[14,95857,95858],{},[3332,95859,314],{},[45,95861,95863],{"className":47,"code":95862,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[52,95864,95865],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95866,95867,95869,95871,95873,95875,95877,95879,95881,95883],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95868,8875],{"class":69},[55,95870,152],{"class":130},[55,95872,83],{"class":69},[55,95874,976],{"class":130},[55,95876,83],{"class":69},[55,95878,2036],{"class":130},[55,95880,83],{"class":69},[55,95882,2042],{"class":130},[55,95884,8906],{"class":69},[14,95886,1440,95887,95889],{},[52,95888,95795],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[37,95891,3265,95893,3268],{"id":95892},"what-setadd-does",[52,95894,95800],{},[14,95896,95897,95899],{},[52,95898,95800],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[21,95901,95902,95905,95908,95911],{},[24,95903,95904],{},"Adds one item to a set",[24,95906,95907],{},"Changes the original set in place",[24,95909,95910],{},"Does not return a new set",[24,95912,95913],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[14,95915,95916,95917,2465,95921,198],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[194,95918,95920],{"href":95919},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[194,95922,95924],{"href":95923},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[37,95926,1740],{"id":1739},[45,95928,95930],{"className":47,"code":95929,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set.add(item)\n",[52,95931,95932],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95933,95934,95936,95938,95940,95942,95944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95935,15264],{"class":61},[55,95937,198],{"class":69},[55,95939,81696],{"class":123},[55,95941,120],{"class":69},[55,95943,22907],{"class":123},[55,95945,103],{"class":69},[14,95947,211],{},[21,95949,95950,95955,95958],{},[24,95951,55505,95952,95954],{},[52,95953,95795],{}," on an existing set",[24,95956,95957],{},"Pass exactly one item",[24,95959,95960,95961],{},"The item must be ",[3332,95962,95963],{},"hashable",[14,95965,95966],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[21,95968,95969,95971,95973,95976],{},[24,95970,56058],{},[24,95972,56061],{},[24,95974,95975],{},"Tuples",[24,95977,40191],{},[37,95979,11073],{"id":11072},[14,95981,11076],{},[45,95983,95985],{"className":47,"code":95984,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[52,95986,95987,96011,96029,96033],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,95988,95989,95991,95993,95995,95997,95999,96001,96003,96005,96007,96009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,95990,62],{"class":61},[55,95992,66],{"class":65},[55,95994,10088],{"class":69},[55,95996,74],{"class":73},[55,95998,78],{"class":77},[55,96000,74],{"class":73},[55,96002,83],{"class":69},[55,96004,86],{"class":73},[55,96006,98],{"class":77},[55,96008,74],{"class":73},[55,96010,8906],{"class":69},[55,96012,96013,96015,96017,96019,96021,96023,96025,96027],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96014,124],{"class":61},[55,96016,198],{"class":69},[55,96018,81696],{"class":123},[55,96020,120],{"class":69},[55,96022,74],{"class":73},[55,96024,89],{"class":77},[55,96026,74],{"class":73},[55,96028,103],{"class":69},[55,96030,96031],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96032,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96034,96035,96037,96039,96041],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96036,117],{"class":116},[55,96038,120],{"class":69},[55,96040,124],{"class":123},[55,96042,103],{"class":69},[14,96044,96045],{},[3332,96046,29627],{},[45,96048,96050],{"className":47,"code":96049,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[52,96051,96052],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96053,96054,96056,96058,96060,96062,96064,96066,96068,96070,96072,96074,96076,96078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96055,8875],{"class":69},[55,96057,2889],{"class":73},[55,96059,78],{"class":77},[55,96061,2889],{"class":73},[55,96063,83],{"class":69},[55,96065,2884],{"class":73},[55,96067,89],{"class":77},[55,96069,2889],{"class":73},[55,96071,83],{"class":69},[55,96073,2884],{"class":73},[55,96075,98],{"class":77},[55,96077,2889],{"class":73},[55,96079,8906],{"class":69},[14,96081,96082,96083,96086],{},"The new value ",[52,96084,96085],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[14,96088,96089,96090,96093],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3332,96091,96092],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[14,96095,96096],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[45,96098,96100],{"className":47,"code":96099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[52,96101,96102],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96103,96104,96106,96108,96110,96112,96114,96116,96118,96120,96122,96124,96126,96128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96105,8875],{"class":69},[55,96107,2889],{"class":73},[55,96109,98],{"class":77},[55,96111,2889],{"class":73},[55,96113,83],{"class":69},[55,96115,2884],{"class":73},[55,96117,78],{"class":77},[55,96119,2889],{"class":73},[55,96121,83],{"class":69},[55,96123,2884],{"class":73},[55,96125,89],{"class":77},[55,96127,2889],{"class":73},[55,96129,8906],{"class":69},[14,96131,96132],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[37,96134,96136],{"id":96135},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[14,96138,96139],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[45,96141,96143],{"className":47,"code":96142,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,96144,96145,96165,96179,96183],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96146,96147,96149,96151,96153,96155,96157,96159,96161,96163],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96148,243],{"class":61},[55,96150,66],{"class":65},[55,96152,10088],{"class":69},[55,96154,152],{"class":130},[55,96156,83],{"class":69},[55,96158,976],{"class":130},[55,96160,83],{"class":69},[55,96162,2036],{"class":130},[55,96164,8906],{"class":69},[55,96166,96167,96169,96171,96173,96175,96177],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96168,275],{"class":61},[55,96170,198],{"class":69},[55,96172,81696],{"class":123},[55,96174,120],{"class":69},[55,96176,309],{"class":130},[55,96178,103],{"class":69},[55,96180,96181],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96182,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96184,96185,96187,96189,96191],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96186,117],{"class":116},[55,96188,120],{"class":69},[55,96190,275],{"class":123},[55,96192,103],{"class":69},[14,96194,96195],{},[3332,96196,314],{},[45,96198,96200],{"className":47,"code":96199,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[52,96201,96202],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96203,96204,96206,96208,96210,96212,96214,96216],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96205,8875],{"class":69},[55,96207,152],{"class":130},[55,96209,83],{"class":69},[55,96211,976],{"class":130},[55,96213,83],{"class":69},[55,96215,2036],{"class":130},[55,96217,8906],{"class":69},[14,96219,96220,96221,96223],{},"The set stays the same because ",[52,96222,309],{}," was already present.",[37,96225,96227,10183,96229],{"id":96226},"add-vs-update",[52,96228,95795],{},[52,96230,14551],{},[14,96232,1440,96233,96235,96236,198],{},[52,96234,95795],{}," when you want to add ",[3332,96237,52252],{},[45,96239,96241],{"className":47,"code":96240,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[52,96242,96243,96267,96285,96289],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96244,96245,96247,96249,96251,96253,96255,96257,96259,96261,96263,96265],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96246,769],{"class":61},[55,96248,66],{"class":65},[55,96250,10088],{"class":69},[55,96252,74],{"class":73},[55,96254,194],{"class":77},[55,96256,74],{"class":73},[55,96258,83],{"class":69},[55,96260,86],{"class":73},[55,96262,786],{"class":77},[55,96264,74],{"class":73},[55,96266,8906],{"class":69},[55,96268,96269,96271,96273,96275,96277,96279,96281,96283],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96270,812],{"class":61},[55,96272,198],{"class":69},[55,96274,81696],{"class":123},[55,96276,120],{"class":69},[55,96278,74],{"class":73},[55,96280,795],{"class":77},[55,96282,74],{"class":73},[55,96284,103],{"class":69},[55,96286,96287],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96288,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96290,96291,96293,96295,96297],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96292,117],{"class":116},[55,96294,120],{"class":69},[55,96296,812],{"class":123},[55,96298,103],{"class":69},[14,96300,1440,96301,96235,96303,96306],{},[52,96302,14551],{},[3332,96304,96305],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[45,96308,96310],{"className":47,"code":96309,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[52,96311,96312,96336,96370,96374],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96313,96314,96316,96318,96320,96322,96324,96326,96328,96330,96332,96334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96315,769],{"class":61},[55,96317,66],{"class":65},[55,96319,10088],{"class":69},[55,96321,74],{"class":73},[55,96323,194],{"class":77},[55,96325,74],{"class":73},[55,96327,83],{"class":69},[55,96329,86],{"class":73},[55,96331,786],{"class":77},[55,96333,74],{"class":73},[55,96335,8906],{"class":69},[55,96337,96338,96340,96342,96344,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362,96364,96366,96368],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96339,812],{"class":61},[55,96341,198],{"class":69},[55,96343,30062],{"class":123},[55,96345,2573],{"class":69},[55,96347,74],{"class":73},[55,96349,795],{"class":77},[55,96351,74],{"class":73},[55,96353,83],{"class":69},[55,96355,86],{"class":73},[55,96357,18365],{"class":77},[55,96359,74],{"class":73},[55,96361,83],{"class":69},[55,96363,86],{"class":73},[55,96365,60044],{"class":77},[55,96367,74],{"class":73},[55,96369,282],{"class":69},[55,96371,96372],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96373,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96375,96376,96378,96380,96382],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96377,117],{"class":116},[55,96379,120],{"class":69},[55,96381,812],{"class":123},[55,96383,103],{"class":69},[1425,96385,96387],{"id":96386},"key-difference","Key difference",[21,96389,96390,96395],{},[24,96391,96392,96394],{},[52,96393,95795],{}," adds one item",[24,96396,96397,96399],{},[52,96398,14551],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[14,96401,96402,96403,198],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[194,96404,96406,96407,10339],{"href":96405},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[52,96408,14551],{},[37,96410,17017],{"id":17016},[14,96412,96413,1981,96415,198],{},[52,96414,95800],{},[52,96416,3368],{},[14,96418,96419,96420,96422],{},"That means you should ",[3332,96421,4222],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[1425,96424,96426],{"id":96425},"correct","Correct",[45,96428,96430],{"className":47,"code":96429,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[52,96431,96432,96452,96466,96470],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96433,96434,96436,96438,96440,96442,96444,96446,96448,96450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96435,15226],{"class":61},[55,96437,66],{"class":65},[55,96439,10088],{"class":69},[55,96441,152],{"class":130},[55,96443,83],{"class":69},[55,96445,976],{"class":130},[55,96447,83],{"class":69},[55,96449,2036],{"class":130},[55,96451,8906],{"class":69},[55,96453,96454,96456,96458,96460,96462,96464],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96455,15264],{"class":61},[55,96457,198],{"class":69},[55,96459,81696],{"class":123},[55,96461,120],{"class":69},[55,96463,2091],{"class":130},[55,96465,103],{"class":69},[55,96467,96468],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96469,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96471,96472,96474,96476,96478],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96473,117],{"class":116},[55,96475,120],{"class":69},[55,96477,15264],{"class":123},[55,96479,103],{"class":69},[1425,96481,96482],{"id":61365},"Wrong",[45,96484,96486],{"className":47,"code":96485,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[52,96487,96488,96508,96527,96531],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96489,96490,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96491,15226],{"class":61},[55,96493,66],{"class":65},[55,96495,10088],{"class":69},[55,96497,152],{"class":130},[55,96499,83],{"class":69},[55,96501,976],{"class":130},[55,96503,83],{"class":69},[55,96505,2036],{"class":130},[55,96507,8906],{"class":69},[55,96509,96510,96512,96514,96517,96519,96521,96523,96525],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96511,15226],{"class":61},[55,96513,66],{"class":65},[55,96515,96516],{"class":61}," my_set",[55,96518,198],{"class":69},[55,96520,81696],{"class":123},[55,96522,120],{"class":69},[55,96524,2091],{"class":130},[55,96526,103],{"class":69},[55,96528,96529],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96530,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96532,96533,96535,96537,96539],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96534,117],{"class":116},[55,96536,120],{"class":69},[55,96538,15264],{"class":123},[55,96540,103],{"class":69},[14,96542,96543],{},[3332,96544,314],{},[45,96546,96547],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,96548,96549],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96550,96551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96552,11407],{"class":3443},[14,96554,96555],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[37,96557,96559],{"id":96558},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[14,96561,96562],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[21,96564,96565,96567,96569,96571],{},[24,96566,56058],{},[24,96568,56061],{},[24,96570,95975],{},[24,96572,40191],{},[14,96574,233],{},[45,96576,96578],{"className":47,"code":96577,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[52,96579,96580,96590,96594,96608,96626,96644,96658,96662],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96581,96582,96584,96586,96588],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96583,7375],{"class":61},[55,96585,66],{"class":65},[55,96587,15231],{"class":850},[55,96589,8239],{"class":69},[55,96591,96592],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96593,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96595,96596,96598,96600,96602,96604,96606],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96597,7404],{"class":61},[55,96599,198],{"class":69},[55,96601,81696],{"class":123},[55,96603,120],{"class":69},[55,96605,250],{"class":130},[55,96607,103],{"class":69},[55,96609,96610,96612,96614,96616,96618,96620,96622,96624],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96611,7404],{"class":61},[55,96613,198],{"class":69},[55,96615,81696],{"class":123},[55,96617,120],{"class":69},[55,96619,74],{"class":73},[55,96621,3436],{"class":77},[55,96623,74],{"class":73},[55,96625,103],{"class":69},[55,96627,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,96629,7404],{"class":61},[55,96631,198],{"class":69},[55,96633,81696],{"class":123},[55,96635,5103],{"class":69},[55,96637,152],{"class":130},[55,96639,83],{"class":69},[55,96641,976],{"class":130},[55,96643,1357],{"class":69},[55,96645,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,96647,7404],{"class":61},[55,96649,198],{"class":69},[55,96651,81696],{"class":123},[55,96653,120],{"class":69},[55,96655,3194],{"class":3443},[55,96657,103],{"class":69},[55,96659,96660],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,96661,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,96663,96664,96666,96668,96670],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,96665,117],{"class":116},[55,96667,120],{"class":69},[55,96669,7404],{"class":123},[55,96671,103],{"class":69},[14,96673,96674],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[21,96676,96677,96680,96683],{},[24,96678,96679],{},"Lists",[24,96681,96682],{},"Dictionaries",[24,96684,96685],{},"Sets",[14,96687,96688],{},"Example that causes an error:",[45,96690,96692],{"className":47,"code":96691,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[52,96693,96694,96714],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96695,96696,96698,96700,96702,96704,96706,96708,96710,96712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96697,7375],{"class":61},[55,96699,66],{"class":65},[55,96701,10088],{"class":69},[55,96703,152],{"class":130},[55,96705,83],{"class":69},[55,96707,976],{"class":130},[55,96709,83],{"class":69},[55,96711,2036],{"class":130},[55,96713,8906],{"class":69},[55,96715,96716,96718,96720,96722,96724,96726,96728,96730],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96717,7404],{"class":61},[55,96719,198],{"class":69},[55,96721,81696],{"class":123},[55,96723,2573],{"class":69},[55,96725,2091],{"class":130},[55,96727,83],{"class":69},[55,96729,4196],{"class":130},[55,96731,282],{"class":69},[14,96733,96734],{},[3332,96735,29278],{},[45,96737,96739],{"className":47,"code":96738,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[52,96740,96741],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96742,96743,96745,96747,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96744,2592],{"class":850},[55,96746,854],{"class":69},[55,96748,96749],{"class":61}," unhashable ",[55,96751,1396],{"class":850},[55,96753,854],{"class":69},[55,96755,2884],{"class":73},[55,96757,7688],{"class":77},[55,96759,29297],{"class":73},[14,96761,96762],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[14,96764,96765,96766,198],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[52,96767,96768],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[37,96770,1298],{"id":1297},[14,96772,14330,96773,854],{},[52,96774,95800],{},[21,96776,96777,96782,96787,96790,96797],{},[24,96778,8012,96779,96781],{},[52,96780,95795],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[24,96783,8048,96784,96786],{},[52,96785,95795],{}," to return the updated set",[24,96788,96789],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[24,96791,36800,96792,96794,96795],{},[52,96793,95800],{}," with list ",[52,96796,52248],{},[24,96798,96799],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[14,96801,71097],{},[45,96803,96805],{"className":47,"code":96804,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[52,96806,96807,96817,96831,96841,96855],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,96808,96809,96811,96813,96815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,96810,117],{"class":116},[55,96812,120],{"class":69},[55,96814,15264],{"class":123},[55,96816,103],{"class":69},[55,96818,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,96820,117],{"class":116},[55,96822,120],{"class":69},[55,96824,1396],{"class":850},[55,96826,120],{"class":69},[55,96828,15264],{"class":123},[55,96830,1357],{"class":69},[55,96832,96833,96835,96837,96839],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,96834,117],{"class":116},[55,96836,120],{"class":69},[55,96838,2058],{"class":123},[55,96840,103],{"class":69},[55,96842,96843,96845,96847,96849,96851,96853],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,96844,117],{"class":116},[55,96846,120],{"class":69},[55,96848,1396],{"class":850},[55,96850,120],{"class":69},[55,96852,2058],{"class":123},[55,96854,1357],{"class":69},[55,96856,96857,96859,96861,96863,96865,96867],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,96858,31751],{"class":116},[55,96860,120],{"class":69},[55,96862,5881],{"class":850},[55,96864,198],{"class":69},[55,96866,81696],{"class":24347},[55,96868,103],{"class":69},[14,96870,96871,96872,96874,96875,198],{},"Also remember that ",[52,96873,95800],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[194,96876,52645],{"href":96877},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[37,96879,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,96881,12304,96883,96885],{"id":96882},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[52,96884,95800],{}," return a new set?",[14,96887,96888,96889,198],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[52,96890,3368],{},[1425,96892,96894],{"id":96893},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[14,96896,96897],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[1425,96899,96901],{"id":96900},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[14,96903,1440,96904,1309,96907,198],{},[52,96905,96906],{},"set.update()",[52,96908,95795],{},[1425,96910,96912],{"id":96911},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[14,96914,96915,96916,198],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[52,96917,2592],{},[37,96919,1495],{"id":1494},[21,96921,96922,96926,96931],{},[24,96923,96924],{},[194,96925,95920],{"href":95919},[24,96927,96928],{},[194,96929,96930],{"href":95923},"How to create a set in Python",[24,96932,96933],{},[194,96934,96406,96935,10339],{"href":96405},[52,96936,14551],{},[14,96938,96939,96940,96942],{},"Once you understand ",[52,96941,95795],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1524,96944,96945],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":96947},[96948,96949,96951,96952,96953,96954,96958,96962,96963,96964,96971],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":95892,"depth":106,"text":96950},"What set.add() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":96135,"depth":106,"text":96136},{"id":96226,"depth":106,"text":96955,"children":96956},"add() vs update()",[96957],{"id":96386,"depth":113,"text":96387},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017,"children":96959},[96960,96961],{"id":96425,"depth":113,"text":96426},{"id":61365,"depth":113,"text":96482},{"id":96558,"depth":106,"text":96559},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":96965},[96966,96968,96969,96970],{"id":96882,"depth":113,"text":96967},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96893,"depth":113,"text":96894},{"id":96900,"depth":113,"text":96901},{"id":96911,"depth":113,"text":96912},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95786,"description":96972},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96979,"title":96980,"body":96981,"description":98150,"extension":1546,"meta":98151,"navigation":109,"path":98152,"seo":98153,"stem":98154,"__hash__":98155},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96982,"toc":98117},[96983,96988,96994,97001,97046,97048,97059,97064,97069,97073,97087,97092,97094,97096,97111,97113,97127,97129,97131,97196,97198,97208,97210,97228,97234,97241,97246,97320,97322,97339,97345,97350,97421,97423,97450,97467,97470,97476,97478,97485,97489,97556,97558,97573,97576,97629,97631,97639,97651,97653,97657,97662,97664,97713,97715,97723,97725,97770,97772,97782,97788,97796,97809,97815,97817,97846,97848,97866,97870,97873,97904,97906,97924,97928,98003,98005,98021,98028,98030,98035,98040,98046,98049,98053,98061,98068,98076,98078,98114],[10,96984,95792,96986,10920],{"id":96985},"python-set-clear-method",[52,96987,10919],{},[14,96989,96990,96993],{},[52,96991,96992],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[14,96995,96996,96997,97000],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3332,96998,96999],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[45,97002,97004],{"className":47,"code":97003,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,97005,97006,97026,97036],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97007,97008,97010,97012,97014,97016,97018,97020,97022,97024],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97009,243],{"class":61},[55,97011,66],{"class":65},[55,97013,10088],{"class":69},[55,97015,152],{"class":130},[55,97017,83],{"class":69},[55,97019,976],{"class":130},[55,97021,83],{"class":69},[55,97023,2036],{"class":130},[55,97025,8906],{"class":69},[55,97027,97028,97030,97032,97034],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97029,275],{"class":61},[55,97031,198],{"class":69},[55,97033,10981],{"class":123},[55,97035,8239],{"class":69},[55,97037,97038,97040,97042,97044],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97039,117],{"class":116},[55,97041,120],{"class":69},[55,97043,275],{"class":123},[55,97045,103],{"class":69},[14,97047,314],{},[45,97049,97051],{"className":47,"code":97050,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set()\n",[52,97052,97053],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97054,97055,97057],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97056,5881],{"class":850},[55,97058,8239],{"class":69},[14,97060,97061,97063],{},[52,97062,10919],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[37,97065,3265,97067,3268],{"id":97066},"what-setclear-does",[52,97068,96992],{},[14,97070,1563,97071,11011],{},[52,97072,10919],{},[21,97074,97075,97078,97080,97084],{},[24,97076,97077],{},"Removes every item from a set",[24,97079,95907],{},[24,97081,11022,97082],{},[52,97083,3368],{},[24,97085,97086],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[14,97088,95916,97089,71196],{},[194,97090,95920],{"href":97091},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[37,97093,1740],{"id":1739},[14,97095,54043],{},[45,97097,97099],{"className":47,"code":97098,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set.clear()\n",[52,97100,97101],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97102,97103,97105,97107,97109],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97104,15264],{"class":61},[55,97106,198],{"class":69},[55,97108,10981],{"class":123},[55,97110,8239],{"class":69},[14,97112,12652],{},[21,97114,97115,97118,97121,97124],{},[24,97116,97117],{},"It takes no arguments",[24,97119,97120],{},"It empties the set",[24,97122,97123],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[24,97125,97126],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[37,97128,11073],{"id":11072},[14,97130,11076],{},[45,97132,97134],{"className":47,"code":97133,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[52,97135,97136,97168,97172,97182,97186],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97137,97138,97140,97142,97144,97146,97148,97150,97152,97154,97156,97158,97160,97162,97164,97166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97139,62],{"class":61},[55,97141,66],{"class":65},[55,97143,10088],{"class":69},[55,97145,74],{"class":73},[55,97147,78],{"class":77},[55,97149,74],{"class":73},[55,97151,83],{"class":69},[55,97153,86],{"class":73},[55,97155,89],{"class":77},[55,97157,74],{"class":73},[55,97159,83],{"class":69},[55,97161,86],{"class":73},[55,97163,98],{"class":77},[55,97165,74],{"class":73},[55,97167,8906],{"class":69},[55,97169,97170],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97171,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97173,97174,97176,97178,97180],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97175,124],{"class":61},[55,97177,198],{"class":69},[55,97179,10981],{"class":123},[55,97181,8239],{"class":69},[55,97183,97184],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,97185,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97187,97188,97190,97192,97194],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,97189,117],{"class":116},[55,97191,120],{"class":69},[55,97193,124],{"class":123},[55,97195,103],{"class":69},[14,97197,314],{},[45,97199,97200],{"className":47,"code":97050,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,97201,97202],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97203,97204,97206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97205,5881],{"class":850},[55,97207,8239],{"class":69},[14,97209,11282],{},[21,97211,97212,97217,97222],{},[24,97213,97214,97216],{},[52,97215,124],{}," starts with three values",[24,97218,97219,11295],{},[52,97220,97221],{},"colors.clear()",[24,97223,97224,97225,97227],{},"Printing the set shows ",[52,97226,3387],{},", which means an empty set",[37,97229,97231,97233],{"id":97230},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[52,97232,10919],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[14,97235,97236,3983,97238,97240],{},[52,97237,10919],{},[52,97239,3387],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[1425,97242,8012,97244],{"id":97243},"using-clear",[52,97245,10919],{},[45,97247,97249],{"className":47,"code":97248,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[52,97250,97251,97271,97281,97285,97295,97299,97309],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97252,97253,97255,97257,97259,97261,97263,97265,97267,97269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97254,7375],{"class":61},[55,97256,66],{"class":65},[55,97258,10088],{"class":69},[55,97260,152],{"class":130},[55,97262,83],{"class":69},[55,97264,976],{"class":130},[55,97266,83],{"class":69},[55,97268,2036],{"class":130},[55,97270,8906],{"class":69},[55,97272,97273,97276,97278],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97274,97275],{"class":61},"other_name ",[55,97277,66],{"class":65},[55,97279,97280],{"class":61}," items\n",[55,97282,97283],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97284,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97286,97287,97289,97291,97293],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,97288,7404],{"class":61},[55,97290,198],{"class":69},[55,97292,10981],{"class":123},[55,97294,8239],{"class":69},[55,97296,97297],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,97298,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97300,97301,97303,97305,97307],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,97302,117],{"class":116},[55,97304,120],{"class":69},[55,97306,7404],{"class":123},[55,97308,103],{"class":69},[55,97310,97311,97313,97315,97318],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,97312,117],{"class":116},[55,97314,120],{"class":69},[55,97316,97317],{"class":123},"other_name",[55,97319,103],{"class":69},[14,97321,314],{},[45,97323,97325],{"className":47,"code":97324,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set()\nset()\n",[52,97326,97327,97333],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97328,97329,97331],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97330,5881],{"class":850},[55,97332,8239],{"class":69},[55,97334,97335,97337],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97336,5881],{"class":850},[55,97338,8239],{"class":69},[14,97340,97341,97342,198],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3332,97343,97344],{},"same set object",[1425,97346,8012,97348],{"id":97347},"using-set",[52,97349,3387],{},[45,97351,97353],{"className":47,"code":97352,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[52,97354,97355,97375,97383,97387,97397,97401,97411],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97356,97357,97359,97361,97363,97365,97367,97369,97371,97373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97358,7375],{"class":61},[55,97360,66],{"class":65},[55,97362,10088],{"class":69},[55,97364,152],{"class":130},[55,97366,83],{"class":69},[55,97368,976],{"class":130},[55,97370,83],{"class":69},[55,97372,2036],{"class":130},[55,97374,8906],{"class":69},[55,97376,97377,97379,97381],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97378,97275],{"class":61},[55,97380,66],{"class":65},[55,97382,97280],{"class":61},[55,97384,97385],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97386,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97388,97389,97391,97393,97395],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,97390,7375],{"class":61},[55,97392,66],{"class":65},[55,97394,15231],{"class":850},[55,97396,8239],{"class":69},[55,97398,97399],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,97400,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97402,97403,97405,97407,97409],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,97404,117],{"class":116},[55,97406,120],{"class":69},[55,97408,7404],{"class":123},[55,97410,103],{"class":69},[55,97412,97413,97415,97417,97419],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,97414,117],{"class":116},[55,97416,120],{"class":69},[55,97418,97317],{"class":123},[55,97420,103],{"class":69},[14,97422,314],{},[45,97424,97426],{"className":47,"code":97425,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[52,97427,97428,97434],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97429,97430,97432],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97431,5881],{"class":850},[55,97433,8239],{"class":69},[55,97435,97436,97438,97440,97442,97444,97446,97448],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97437,8875],{"class":69},[55,97439,152],{"class":130},[55,97441,83],{"class":69},[55,97443,976],{"class":130},[55,97445,83],{"class":69},[55,97447,2036],{"class":130},[55,97449,8906],{"class":69},[14,97451,20367,97452,92685,97455,97458,97459,198,97461,97463,97464,97466],{},[52,97453,97454],{},"items = set()",[3332,97456,97457],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[52,97460,7404],{},[9443,97462],{},"\nBut ",[52,97465,97317],{}," still points to the original set.",[14,97468,97469],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[14,97471,97472,97473,198],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[194,97474,95924],{"href":97475},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[37,97477,17017],{"id":17016},[14,97479,97480,13650,97482,97484],{},[52,97481,10919],{},[3332,97483,4222],{}," return the emptied set.",[14,97486,4739,97487,198],{},[52,97488,3368],{},[45,97490,97492],{"className":47,"code":97491,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,97493,97494,97514,97518,97532,97536,97546],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97495,97496,97498,97500,97502,97504,97506,97508,97510,97512],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97497,243],{"class":61},[55,97499,66],{"class":65},[55,97501,10088],{"class":69},[55,97503,152],{"class":130},[55,97505,83],{"class":69},[55,97507,976],{"class":130},[55,97509,83],{"class":69},[55,97511,2036],{"class":130},[55,97513,8906],{"class":69},[55,97515,97516],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97517,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97519,97520,97522,97524,97526,97528,97530],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97521,1814],{"class":61},[55,97523,66],{"class":65},[55,97525,3852],{"class":61},[55,97527,198],{"class":69},[55,97529,10981],{"class":123},[55,97531,8239],{"class":69},[55,97533,97534],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,97535,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97537,97538,97540,97542,97544],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,97539,117],{"class":116},[55,97541,120],{"class":69},[55,97543,1849],{"class":123},[55,97545,103],{"class":69},[55,97547,97548,97550,97552,97554],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,97549,117],{"class":116},[55,97551,120],{"class":69},[55,97553,275],{"class":123},[55,97555,103],{"class":69},[14,97557,314],{},[45,97559,97561],{"className":47,"code":97560,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"None\nset()\n",[52,97562,97563,97567],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97564,97565],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97566,11407],{"class":3443},[55,97568,97569,97571],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97570,5881],{"class":850},[55,97572,8239],{"class":69},[14,97574,97575],{},"Do not do this:",[45,97577,97579],{"className":47,"code":97578,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,97580,97581,97601,97615,97619],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97582,97583,97585,97587,97589,97591,97593,97595,97597,97599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97584,243],{"class":61},[55,97586,66],{"class":65},[55,97588,10088],{"class":69},[55,97590,152],{"class":130},[55,97592,83],{"class":69},[55,97594,976],{"class":130},[55,97596,83],{"class":69},[55,97598,2036],{"class":130},[55,97600,8906],{"class":69},[55,97602,97603,97605,97607,97609,97611,97613],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97604,243],{"class":61},[55,97606,66],{"class":65},[55,97608,3852],{"class":61},[55,97610,198],{"class":69},[55,97612,10981],{"class":123},[55,97614,8239],{"class":69},[55,97616,97617],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97618,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97620,97621,97623,97625,97627],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,97622,117],{"class":116},[55,97624,120],{"class":69},[55,97626,275],{"class":123},[55,97628,103],{"class":69},[14,97630,314],{},[45,97632,97633],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,97634,97635],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97636,97637],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97638,11407],{"class":3443},[14,97640,21786,97641,1981,97643,97645,97646,97648,97649,198],{},[52,97642,54156],{},[52,97644,3368],{},", and then you assign that ",[52,97647,3368],{}," back to ",[52,97650,275],{},[37,97652,4109],{"id":4108},[14,97654,10346,97655,198],{},[52,97656,96992],{},[1425,97658,12194,97660],{"id":97659},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[52,97661,10919],{},[14,97663,16241],{},[45,97665,97667],{"className":47,"code":97666,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[52,97668,97669,97689,97703],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97670,97671,97673,97675,97677,97679,97681,97683,97685,97687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97672,15226],{"class":61},[55,97674,66],{"class":65},[55,97676,10088],{"class":69},[55,97678,152],{"class":130},[55,97680,83],{"class":69},[55,97682,976],{"class":130},[55,97684,83],{"class":69},[55,97686,2036],{"class":130},[55,97688,8906],{"class":69},[55,97690,97691,97693,97695,97697,97699,97701],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97692,15226],{"class":61},[55,97694,66],{"class":65},[55,97696,96516],{"class":61},[55,97698,198],{"class":69},[55,97700,10981],{"class":123},[55,97702,8239],{"class":69},[55,97704,97705,97707,97709,97711],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97706,117],{"class":116},[55,97708,120],{"class":69},[55,97710,15264],{"class":123},[55,97712,103],{"class":69},[14,97714,314],{},[45,97716,97717],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,97718,97719],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97720,97721],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97722,11407],{"class":3443},[14,97724,16253],{},[45,97726,97728],{"className":47,"code":97727,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[52,97729,97730,97750,97760],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97731,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742,97744,97746,97748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97733,15226],{"class":61},[55,97735,66],{"class":65},[55,97737,10088],{"class":69},[55,97739,152],{"class":130},[55,97741,83],{"class":69},[55,97743,976],{"class":130},[55,97745,83],{"class":69},[55,97747,2036],{"class":130},[55,97749,8906],{"class":69},[55,97751,97752,97754,97756,97758],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97753,15264],{"class":61},[55,97755,198],{"class":69},[55,97757,10981],{"class":123},[55,97759,8239],{"class":69},[55,97761,97762,97764,97766,97768],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97763,117],{"class":116},[55,97765,120],{"class":69},[55,97767,15264],{"class":123},[55,97769,103],{"class":69},[14,97771,314],{},[45,97773,97774],{"className":47,"code":97050,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,97775,97776],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97777,97778,97780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97779,5881],{"class":850},[55,97781,8239],{"class":69},[1425,97783,8048,97785,97787],{"id":97784},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[52,97786,10919],{}," to remove only one item",[14,97789,97790,97792,97793,97795],{},[52,97791,10919],{}," removes ",[3332,97794,3304],{}," items from the set.",[14,97797,97798,97799,2465,97804,198],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[194,97800,97802],{"href":97801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[52,97803,55125],{},[194,97805,97807],{"href":97806},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[52,97808,12363],{},[1425,97810,8012,97812,97814],{"id":97811},"using-for-an-empty-set",[52,97813,3382],{}," for an empty set",[14,97816,25287],{},[45,97818,97820],{"className":47,"code":97819,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[52,97821,97822,97831],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97823,97824,97827,97829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97825,97826],{"class":61},"empty_value ",[55,97828,66],{"class":65},[55,97830,9435],{"class":69},[55,97832,97833,97835,97837,97839,97841,97844],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97834,117],{"class":116},[55,97836,120],{"class":69},[55,97838,1396],{"class":850},[55,97840,120],{"class":69},[55,97842,97843],{"class":123},"empty_value",[55,97845,1357],{"class":69},[14,97847,314],{},[45,97849,97850],{"className":47,"code":8405,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,97851,97852],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97853,97854,97856,97858,97860,97862,97864],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97855,2878],{"class":65},[55,97857,2881],{"class":1648},[55,97859,2884],{"class":73},[55,97861,8418],{"class":77},[55,97863,2889],{"class":73},[55,97865,2892],{"class":65},[14,97867,97868,8385],{},[52,97869,3382],{},[14,97871,97872],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[45,97874,97876],{"className":47,"code":97875,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[52,97877,97878,97889],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97879,97880,97883,97885,97887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97881,97882],{"class":61},"empty_set ",[55,97884,66],{"class":65},[55,97886,15231],{"class":850},[55,97888,8239],{"class":69},[55,97890,97891,97893,97895,97897,97899,97902],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97892,117],{"class":116},[55,97894,120],{"class":69},[55,97896,1396],{"class":850},[55,97898,120],{"class":69},[55,97900,97901],{"class":123},"empty_set",[55,97903,1357],{"class":69},[14,97905,314],{},[45,97907,97908],{"className":47,"code":8449,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,97909,97910],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97911,97912,97914,97916,97918,97920,97922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97913,2878],{"class":65},[55,97915,2881],{"class":1648},[55,97917,2884],{"class":73},[55,97919,5881],{"class":77},[55,97921,2889],{"class":73},[55,97923,2892],{"class":65},[1425,97925,97927],{"id":97926},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[45,97929,97931],{"className":47,"code":97930,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[52,97932,97933,97957,97965,97969,97979,97983,97993],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,97934,97935,97937,97939,97941,97943,97945,97947,97949,97951,97953,97955],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,97936,2141],{"class":61},[55,97938,66],{"class":65},[55,97940,10088],{"class":69},[55,97942,74],{"class":73},[55,97944,1757],{"class":77},[55,97946,74],{"class":73},[55,97948,83],{"class":69},[55,97950,86],{"class":73},[55,97952,11344],{"class":77},[55,97954,74],{"class":73},[55,97956,8906],{"class":69},[55,97958,97959,97961,97963],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,97960,2169],{"class":61},[55,97962,66],{"class":65},[55,97964,35772],{"class":61},[55,97966,97967],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,97968,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97970,97971,97973,97975,97977],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,97972,194],{"class":61},[55,97974,198],{"class":69},[55,97976,10981],{"class":123},[55,97978,8239],{"class":69},[55,97980,97981],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,97982,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,97984,97985,97987,97989,97991],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,97986,117],{"class":116},[55,97988,120],{"class":69},[55,97990,194],{"class":123},[55,97992,103],{"class":69},[55,97994,97995,97997,97999,98001],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,97996,117],{"class":116},[55,97998,120],{"class":69},[55,98000,786],{"class":123},[55,98002,103],{"class":69},[14,98004,314],{},[45,98006,98007],{"className":47,"code":97324,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,98008,98009,98015],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98010,98011,98013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98012,5881],{"class":850},[55,98014,8239],{"class":69},[55,98016,98017,98019],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98018,5881],{"class":850},[55,98020,8239],{"class":69},[14,98022,28658,98023,3983,98025,98027],{},[52,98024,194],{},[52,98026,786],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[37,98029,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,98031,4733,98033,4736],{"id":98032},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[52,98034,96992],{},[14,98036,4739,98037,98039],{},[52,98038,3368],{},". It empties the set in place.",[1425,98041,12304,98043,98045],{"id":98042},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[52,98044,10919],{}," delete the set variable?",[14,98047,98048],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[1425,98050,98052],{"id":98051},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[14,98054,98055,98056,98058,98059,198],{},"You already have one after ",[52,98057,10919],{},". Printing it shows ",[52,98060,3387],{},[1425,98062,4771,98064,3983,98066,2078],{"id":98063},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[52,98065,10919],{},[52,98067,3387],{},[14,98069,98070,98072,98073,98075],{},[52,98071,10919],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[52,98074,3387],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[37,98077,1495],{"id":1494},[21,98079,98080,98084,98088,98095,98101,98107],{},[24,98081,98082],{},[194,98083,95920],{"href":97091},[24,98085,98086],{},[194,98087,96930],{"href":97475},[24,98089,98090],{},[194,98091,96406,98093,10339],{"href":98092},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[52,98094,95795],{},[24,98096,98097],{},[194,98098,96406,98099,10339],{"href":97801},[52,98100,55125],{},[24,98102,98103],{},[194,98104,96406,98105,10339],{"href":97806},[52,98106,12363],{},[24,98108,98109],{},[194,98110,96406,98112,10339],{"href":98111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[52,98113,14551],{},[1524,98115,98116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":98118},[98119,98121,98122,98123,98130,98131,98140,98149],{"id":97066,"depth":106,"text":98120},"What set.clear() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":97230,"depth":106,"text":98124,"children":98125},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98126,98128],{"id":97243,"depth":113,"text":98127},"Using clear()",{"id":97347,"depth":113,"text":98129},"Using set()",{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":98132},[98133,98135,98137,98139],{"id":97659,"depth":113,"text":98134},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97784,"depth":113,"text":98136},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97811,"depth":113,"text":98138},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97926,"depth":113,"text":97927},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":98141},[98142,98144,98146,98147],{"id":98032,"depth":113,"text":98143},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98042,"depth":113,"text":98145},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98051,"depth":113,"text":98052},{"id":98063,"depth":113,"text":98148},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96980,"description":98150},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98157,"title":98158,"body":98159,"description":99991,"extension":1546,"meta":99992,"navigation":109,"path":95923,"seo":99993,"stem":99994,"__hash__":99995},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98160,"toc":99948},[98161,98164,98167,98170,98172,98275,98279,98326,98332,98334,98353,98357,98360,98362,98376,98385,98389,98392,98427,98431,98451,98454,98458,98461,98522,98526,98551,98558,98564,98569,98571,98583,98587,98636,98640,98664,98671,98675,98716,98720,98741,98745,98778,98782,98823,98826,98830,98835,98874,98878,98903,98908,98914,98951,98955,98978,98982,98984,98987,98990,99067,99071,99108,99111,99115,99121,99124,99134,99183,99189,99195,99222,99225,99247,99249,99280,99283,99287,99291,99330,99334,99397,99400,99433,99437,99462,99464,99467,99473,99476,99503,99506,99524,99528,99532,99535,99578,99581,99585,99588,99591,99621,99624,99628,99631,99646,99651,99655,99658,99747,99749,99752,99842,99845,99863,99865,99869,99879,99883,99891,99895,99898,99902,99905,99909,99912,99914,99942,99945],[10,98162,98158],{"id":98163},"python-set-creating-a-set",[14,98165,98166],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[14,98168,98169],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[37,98171,40],{"id":39},[45,98173,98175],{"className":47,"code":98174,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[52,98176,98177,98197,98231,98241,98245,98255,98265],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98178,98179,98181,98183,98185,98187,98189,98191,98193,98195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98180,243],{"class":61},[55,98182,66],{"class":65},[55,98184,10088],{"class":69},[55,98186,152],{"class":130},[55,98188,83],{"class":69},[55,98190,976],{"class":130},[55,98192,83],{"class":69},[55,98194,2036],{"class":130},[55,98196,8906],{"class":69},[55,98198,98199,98201,98203,98205,98207,98209,98211,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225,98227,98229],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98200,3661],{"class":61},[55,98202,66],{"class":65},[55,98204,15231],{"class":850},[55,98206,2573],{"class":69},[55,98208,74],{"class":73},[55,98210,407],{"class":77},[55,98212,74],{"class":73},[55,98214,83],{"class":69},[55,98216,86],{"class":73},[55,98218,416],{"class":77},[55,98220,74],{"class":73},[55,98222,83],{"class":69},[55,98224,86],{"class":73},[55,98226,407],{"class":77},[55,98228,74],{"class":73},[55,98230,282],{"class":69},[55,98232,98233,98235,98237,98239],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,98234,97882],{"class":61},[55,98236,66],{"class":65},[55,98238,15231],{"class":850},[55,98240,8239],{"class":69},[55,98242,98243],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,98244,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,98246,98247,98249,98251,98253],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,98248,117],{"class":116},[55,98250,120],{"class":69},[55,98252,275],{"class":123},[55,98254,103],{"class":69},[55,98256,98257,98259,98261,98263],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,98258,117],{"class":116},[55,98260,120],{"class":69},[55,98262,3702],{"class":123},[55,98264,103],{"class":69},[55,98266,98267,98269,98271,98273],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,98268,117],{"class":116},[55,98270,120],{"class":69},[55,98272,97901],{"class":123},[55,98274,103],{"class":69},[14,98276,98277],{},[3332,98278,314],{},[45,98280,98282],{"className":47,"code":98281,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[52,98283,98284,98300,98320],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98285,98286,98288,98290,98292,98294,98296,98298],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98287,8875],{"class":69},[55,98289,152],{"class":130},[55,98291,83],{"class":69},[55,98293,976],{"class":130},[55,98295,83],{"class":69},[55,98297,2036],{"class":130},[55,98299,8906],{"class":69},[55,98301,98302,98304,98306,98308,98310,98312,98314,98316,98318],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98303,8875],{"class":69},[55,98305,2889],{"class":73},[55,98307,416],{"class":77},[55,98309,2889],{"class":73},[55,98311,83],{"class":69},[55,98313,2884],{"class":73},[55,98315,407],{"class":77},[55,98317,2889],{"class":73},[55,98319,8906],{"class":69},[55,98321,98322,98324],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,98323,5881],{"class":850},[55,98325,8239],{"class":69},[14,98327,98328,98329,98331],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[52,98330,3387],{}," for an empty set.",[37,98333,14760],{"id":14759},[21,98335,98336,98339,98344,98347,98350],{},[24,98337,98338],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[24,98340,98341,98342],{},"How to create a set with ",[52,98343,3387],{},[24,98345,98346],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[24,98348,98349],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[24,98351,98352],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[37,98354,98356],{"id":98355},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[14,98358,98359],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[14,98361,30138],{},[21,98363,98364,98367,98370,98373],{},[24,98365,98366],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[24,98368,98369],{},"Sets are unordered",[24,98371,98372],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[24,98374,98375],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[14,98377,98378,98379,2465,98381,198],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[194,98380,95920],{"href":97091},[194,98382,98384],{"href":98383},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[37,98386,98388],{"id":98387},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[14,98390,98391],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[45,98393,98395],{"className":47,"code":98394,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,98396,98397,98417],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98398,98399,98401,98403,98405,98407,98409,98411,98413,98415],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98400,243],{"class":61},[55,98402,66],{"class":65},[55,98404,10088],{"class":69},[55,98406,152],{"class":130},[55,98408,83],{"class":69},[55,98410,976],{"class":130},[55,98412,83],{"class":69},[55,98414,2036],{"class":130},[55,98416,8906],{"class":69},[55,98418,98419,98421,98423,98425],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98420,117],{"class":116},[55,98422,120],{"class":69},[55,98424,275],{"class":123},[55,98426,103],{"class":69},[14,98428,98429],{},[3332,98430,29627],{},[45,98432,98433],{"className":47,"code":96199,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,98434,98435],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98436,98437,98439,98441,98443,98445,98447,98449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98438,8875],{"class":69},[55,98440,152],{"class":130},[55,98442,83],{"class":69},[55,98444,976],{"class":130},[55,98446,83],{"class":69},[55,98448,2036],{"class":130},[55,98450,8906],{"class":69},[14,98452,98453],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[1425,98455,98457],{"id":98456},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[14,98459,98460],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[45,98462,98464],{"className":47,"code":98463,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[52,98465,98466,98498,98508],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98467,98468,98470,98472,98474,98476,98478,98480,98482,98484,98486,98488,98490,98492,98494,98496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98469,243],{"class":61},[55,98471,66],{"class":65},[55,98473,10088],{"class":69},[55,98475,152],{"class":130},[55,98477,83],{"class":69},[55,98479,976],{"class":130},[55,98481,83],{"class":69},[55,98483,976],{"class":130},[55,98485,83],{"class":69},[55,98487,2036],{"class":130},[55,98489,83],{"class":69},[55,98491,2036],{"class":130},[55,98493,83],{"class":69},[55,98495,2036],{"class":130},[55,98497,8906],{"class":69},[55,98499,98500,98502,98504,98506],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98501,117],{"class":116},[55,98503,120],{"class":69},[55,98505,275],{"class":123},[55,98507,103],{"class":69},[55,98509,98510,98512,98514,98516,98518,98520],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,98511,117],{"class":116},[55,98513,120],{"class":69},[55,98515,940],{"class":116},[55,98517,120],{"class":69},[55,98519,275],{"class":123},[55,98521,1357],{"class":69},[14,98523,98524],{},[3332,98525,29627],{},[45,98527,98529],{"className":47,"code":98528,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[52,98530,98531,98547],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98532,98533,98535,98537,98539,98541,98543,98545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98534,8875],{"class":69},[55,98536,152],{"class":130},[55,98538,83],{"class":69},[55,98540,976],{"class":130},[55,98542,83],{"class":69},[55,98544,2036],{"class":130},[55,98546,8906],{"class":69},[55,98548,98549],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98550,46215],{"class":130},[14,98552,20574,98553,3983,98555,98557],{},[52,98554,309],{},[52,98556,609],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[37,98559,98561,98562],{"id":98560},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[52,98563,3387],{},[14,98565,1440,98566,98568],{},[52,98567,3387],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[14,98570,5049],{},[21,98572,98573,98575,98577,98579],{},[24,98574,96679],{},[24,98576,95975],{},[24,98578,56061],{},[24,98580,98581],{},[52,98582,35795],{},[1425,98584,98586],{"id":98585},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[45,98588,98590],{"className":47,"code":98589,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,98591,98592,98626],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98593,98594,98596,98598,98600,98602,98604,98606,98608,98610,98612,98614,98616,98618,98620,98622,98624],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98595,243],{"class":61},[55,98597,66],{"class":65},[55,98599,15231],{"class":850},[55,98601,2573],{"class":69},[55,98603,152],{"class":130},[55,98605,83],{"class":69},[55,98607,976],{"class":130},[55,98609,83],{"class":69},[55,98611,976],{"class":130},[55,98613,83],{"class":69},[55,98615,2036],{"class":130},[55,98617,83],{"class":69},[55,98619,2036],{"class":130},[55,98621,83],{"class":69},[55,98623,2042],{"class":130},[55,98625,282],{"class":69},[55,98627,98628,98630,98632,98634],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98629,117],{"class":116},[55,98631,120],{"class":69},[55,98633,275],{"class":123},[55,98635,103],{"class":69},[14,98637,98638],{},[3332,98639,29627],{},[45,98641,98642],{"className":47,"code":95862,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,98643,98644],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98645,98646,98648,98650,98652,98654,98656,98658,98660,98662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98647,8875],{"class":69},[55,98649,152],{"class":130},[55,98651,83],{"class":69},[55,98653,976],{"class":130},[55,98655,83],{"class":69},[55,98657,2036],{"class":130},[55,98659,83],{"class":69},[55,98661,2042],{"class":130},[55,98663,8906],{"class":69},[14,98665,98666,98667,198],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[194,98668,98670],{"href":98669},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[1425,98672,98674],{"id":98673},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[45,98676,98678],{"className":47,"code":98677,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[52,98679,98680,98706],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98681,98682,98684,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98683,3413],{"class":61},[55,98685,66],{"class":65},[55,98687,15231],{"class":850},[55,98689,5103],{"class":69},[55,98691,250],{"class":130},[55,98693,83],{"class":69},[55,98695,255],{"class":130},[55,98697,83],{"class":69},[55,98699,255],{"class":130},[55,98701,83],{"class":69},[55,98703,260],{"class":130},[55,98705,1357],{"class":69},[55,98707,98708,98710,98712,98714],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98709,117],{"class":116},[55,98711,120],{"class":69},[55,98713,4951],{"class":123},[55,98715,103],{"class":69},[14,98717,98718],{},[3332,98719,29627],{},[45,98721,98723],{"className":47,"code":98722,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[52,98724,98725],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98726,98727,98729,98731,98733,98735,98737,98739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98728,8875],{"class":69},[55,98730,250],{"class":130},[55,98732,83],{"class":69},[55,98734,255],{"class":130},[55,98736,83],{"class":69},[55,98738,260],{"class":130},[55,98740,8906],{"class":69},[1425,98742,98744],{"id":98743},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[45,98746,98748],{"className":47,"code":98747,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,98749,98750,98768],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98751,98752,98754,98756,98758,98760,98762,98764,98766],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98753,769],{"class":61},[55,98755,66],{"class":65},[55,98757,15231],{"class":850},[55,98759,120],{"class":69},[55,98761,74],{"class":73},[55,98763,3436],{"class":77},[55,98765,74],{"class":73},[55,98767,103],{"class":69},[55,98769,98770,98772,98774,98776],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98771,117],{"class":116},[55,98773,120],{"class":69},[55,98775,812],{"class":123},[55,98777,103],{"class":69},[14,98779,98780],{},[3332,98781,29627],{},[45,98783,98785],{"className":47,"code":98784,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[52,98786,98787],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98788,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797,98799,98801,98803,98805,98807,98809,98811,98813,98815,98817,98819,98821],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98790,8875],{"class":69},[55,98792,2889],{"class":73},[55,98794,60035],{"class":77},[55,98796,2889],{"class":73},[55,98798,83],{"class":69},[55,98800,2884],{"class":73},[55,98802,60044],{"class":77},[55,98804,2889],{"class":73},[55,98806,83],{"class":69},[55,98808,2884],{"class":73},[55,98810,60053],{"class":77},[55,98812,2889],{"class":73},[55,98814,83],{"class":69},[55,98816,2884],{"class":73},[55,98818,60070],{"class":77},[55,98820,2889],{"class":73},[55,98822,8906],{"class":69},[14,98824,98825],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[37,98827,98829],{"id":98828},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[14,98831,98832,98833,198],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[52,98834,3387],{},[45,98836,98838],{"className":47,"code":98837,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[52,98839,98840,98850,98860],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98841,98842,98844,98846,98848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98843,97882],{"class":61},[55,98845,66],{"class":65},[55,98847,15231],{"class":850},[55,98849,8239],{"class":69},[55,98851,98852,98854,98856,98858],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98853,117],{"class":116},[55,98855,120],{"class":69},[55,98857,97901],{"class":123},[55,98859,103],{"class":69},[55,98861,98862,98864,98866,98868,98870,98872],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,98863,117],{"class":116},[55,98865,120],{"class":69},[55,98867,1396],{"class":850},[55,98869,120],{"class":69},[55,98871,97901],{"class":123},[55,98873,1357],{"class":69},[14,98875,98876],{},[3332,98877,314],{},[45,98879,98881],{"className":47,"code":98880,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[52,98882,98883,98889],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98884,98885,98887],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98886,5881],{"class":850},[55,98888,8239],{"class":69},[55,98890,98891,98893,98895,98897,98899,98901],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98892,2878],{"class":65},[55,98894,2881],{"class":1648},[55,98896,2884],{"class":73},[55,98898,5881],{"class":77},[55,98900,2889],{"class":73},[55,98902,2892],{"class":65},[1425,98904,44026,98906],{"id":98905},"do-not-use",[52,98907,3382],{},[14,98909,98910,98911,98913],{},"Empty braces do ",[3332,98912,4222],{}," create a set.",[45,98915,98917],{"className":47,"code":98916,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[52,98918,98919,98927,98937],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98920,98921,98923,98925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98922,97826],{"class":61},[55,98924,66],{"class":65},[55,98926,9435],{"class":69},[55,98928,98929,98931,98933,98935],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98930,117],{"class":116},[55,98932,120],{"class":69},[55,98934,97843],{"class":123},[55,98936,103],{"class":69},[55,98938,98939,98941,98943,98945,98947,98949],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,98940,117],{"class":116},[55,98942,120],{"class":69},[55,98944,1396],{"class":850},[55,98946,120],{"class":69},[55,98948,97843],{"class":123},[55,98950,1357],{"class":69},[14,98952,98953],{},[3332,98954,314],{},[45,98956,98958],{"className":47,"code":98957,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[52,98959,98960,98964],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98961,98962],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98963,9032],{"class":69},[55,98965,98966,98968,98970,98972,98974,98976],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,98967,2878],{"class":65},[55,98969,2881],{"class":1648},[55,98971,2884],{"class":73},[55,98973,8418],{"class":77},[55,98975,2889],{"class":73},[55,98977,2892],{"class":65},[14,98979,98980,8385],{},[52,98981,3382],{},[37,98983,71860],{"id":71859},[14,98985,98986],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[14,98988,98989],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[45,98991,98993],{"className":47,"code":98992,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[52,98994,98995,99043,99053],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,98996,98997,98999,99001,99003,99005,99007,99009,99011,99013,99015,99017,99019,99021,99023,99025,99027,99029,99031,99033,99035,99037,99039,99041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,98998,3661],{"class":61},[55,99000,66],{"class":65},[55,99002,10088],{"class":69},[55,99004,74],{"class":73},[55,99006,407],{"class":77},[55,99008,74],{"class":73},[55,99010,83],{"class":69},[55,99012,86],{"class":73},[55,99014,416],{"class":77},[55,99016,74],{"class":73},[55,99018,83],{"class":69},[55,99020,86],{"class":73},[55,99022,407],{"class":77},[55,99024,74],{"class":73},[55,99026,83],{"class":69},[55,99028,86],{"class":73},[55,99030,407],{"class":77},[55,99032,74],{"class":73},[55,99034,83],{"class":69},[55,99036,86],{"class":73},[55,99038,32820],{"class":77},[55,99040,74],{"class":73},[55,99042,8906],{"class":69},[55,99044,99045,99047,99049,99051],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99046,117],{"class":116},[55,99048,120],{"class":69},[55,99050,3702],{"class":123},[55,99052,103],{"class":69},[55,99054,99055,99057,99059,99061,99063,99065],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,99056,117],{"class":116},[55,99058,120],{"class":69},[55,99060,940],{"class":116},[55,99062,120],{"class":69},[55,99064,3702],{"class":123},[55,99066,1357],{"class":69},[14,99068,99069],{},[3332,99070,29627],{},[45,99072,99074],{"className":47,"code":99073,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[52,99075,99076,99104],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99077,99078,99080,99082,99084,99086,99088,99090,99092,99094,99096,99098,99100,99102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99079,8875],{"class":69},[55,99081,2889],{"class":73},[55,99083,416],{"class":77},[55,99085,2889],{"class":73},[55,99087,83],{"class":69},[55,99089,2884],{"class":73},[55,99091,32820],{"class":77},[55,99093,2889],{"class":73},[55,99095,83],{"class":69},[55,99097,2884],{"class":73},[55,99099,407],{"class":77},[55,99101,2889],{"class":73},[55,99103,8906],{"class":69},[55,99105,99106],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99107,46215],{"class":130},[14,99109,99110],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[37,99112,99114],{"id":99113},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[14,99116,99117,99118,99120],{},"Set items must be ",[3332,99119,95963],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[14,99122,99123],{},"These usually work:",[21,99125,99126,99128,99130,99132],{},[24,99127,56058],{},[24,99129,56061],{},[24,99131,95975],{},[24,99133,40191],{},[45,99135,99137],{"className":47,"code":99136,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[52,99138,99139,99173],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99140,99141,99143,99145,99147,99149,99151,99153,99155,99157,99159,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99142,3413],{"class":61},[55,99144,66],{"class":65},[55,99146,10088],{"class":69},[55,99148,152],{"class":130},[55,99150,83],{"class":69},[55,99152,86],{"class":73},[55,99154,407],{"class":77},[55,99156,74],{"class":73},[55,99158,83],{"class":69},[55,99160,70],{"class":69},[55,99162,250],{"class":130},[55,99164,83],{"class":69},[55,99166,255],{"class":130},[55,99168,8831],{"class":69},[55,99170,3506],{"class":3443},[55,99172,8906],{"class":69},[55,99174,99175,99177,99179,99181],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99176,117],{"class":116},[55,99178,120],{"class":69},[55,99180,4951],{"class":123},[55,99182,103],{"class":69},[14,99184,99185,99186,99188],{},"These do ",[3332,99187,4222],{}," work directly:",[21,99190,99191,99193],{},[24,99192,96679],{},[24,99194,96682],{},[45,99196,99198],{"className":47,"code":99197,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[52,99199,99200],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99201,99202,99205,99207,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218,99220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99203,99204],{"class":61},"bad_set ",[55,99206,66],{"class":65},[55,99208,99209],{"class":69}," {[",[55,99211,152],{"class":130},[55,99213,83],{"class":69},[55,99215,976],{"class":130},[55,99217,83],{"class":69},[55,99219,2036],{"class":130},[55,99221,13302],{"class":69},[14,99223,99224],{},"This raises an error:",[45,99226,99227],{"className":47,"code":96738,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,99228,99229],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99230,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99232,2592],{"class":850},[55,99234,854],{"class":69},[55,99236,96749],{"class":61},[55,99238,1396],{"class":850},[55,99240,854],{"class":69},[55,99242,2884],{"class":73},[55,99244,7688],{"class":77},[55,99246,29297],{"class":73},[14,99248,51675],{},[45,99250,99252],{"className":47,"code":99251,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[52,99253,99254],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99255,99256,99258,99260,99263,99265,99267,99269,99271,99273,99275,99277],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99257,99204],{"class":61},[55,99259,66],{"class":65},[55,99261,99262],{"class":69}," {{",[55,99264,74],{"class":73},[55,99266,7263],{"class":77},[55,99268,74],{"class":73},[55,99270,854],{"class":69},[55,99272,86],{"class":73},[55,99274,7272],{"class":77},[55,99276,74],{"class":73},[55,99278,99279],{"class":69},"}}\n",[14,99281,99282],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[37,99284,99286],{"id":99285},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[1425,99288,99290],{"id":99289},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[45,99292,99294],{"className":47,"code":99293,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,99295,99296,99320],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99297,99298,99300,99302,99304,99306,99308,99310,99312,99314,99316,99318],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99299,243],{"class":61},[55,99301,66],{"class":65},[55,99303,10088],{"class":69},[55,99305,152],{"class":130},[55,99307,83],{"class":69},[55,99309,976],{"class":130},[55,99311,83],{"class":69},[55,99313,2036],{"class":130},[55,99315,83],{"class":69},[55,99317,2042],{"class":130},[55,99319,8906],{"class":69},[55,99321,99322,99324,99326,99328],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99323,117],{"class":116},[55,99325,120],{"class":69},[55,99327,275],{"class":123},[55,99329,103],{"class":69},[1425,99331,99333],{"id":99332},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[45,99335,99337],{"className":47,"code":99336,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[52,99338,99339,99367,99382,99386],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99340,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351,99353,99355,99357,99359,99361,99363,99365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99342,7375],{"class":61},[55,99344,66],{"class":65},[55,99346,3211],{"class":69},[55,99348,152],{"class":130},[55,99350,83],{"class":69},[55,99352,5090],{"class":130},[55,99354,83],{"class":69},[55,99356,976],{"class":130},[55,99358,83],{"class":69},[55,99360,2036],{"class":130},[55,99362,83],{"class":69},[55,99364,2036],{"class":130},[55,99366,386],{"class":69},[55,99368,99369,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99370,99371],{"class":61},"unique_items ",[55,99373,66],{"class":65},[55,99375,15231],{"class":850},[55,99377,120],{"class":69},[55,99379,7404],{"class":123},[55,99381,103],{"class":69},[55,99383,99384],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,99385,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,99387,99388,99390,99392,99395],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,99389,117],{"class":116},[55,99391,120],{"class":69},[55,99393,99394],{"class":123},"unique_items",[55,99396,103],{"class":69},[1425,99398,98744],{"id":99399},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[45,99401,99403],{"className":47,"code":99402,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,99404,99405,99423],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99406,99407,99409,99411,99413,99415,99417,99419,99421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99408,769],{"class":61},[55,99410,66],{"class":65},[55,99412,15231],{"class":850},[55,99414,120],{"class":69},[55,99416,74],{"class":73},[55,99418,416],{"class":77},[55,99420,74],{"class":73},[55,99422,103],{"class":69},[55,99424,99425,99427,99429,99431],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99426,117],{"class":116},[55,99428,120],{"class":69},[55,99430,812],{"class":123},[55,99432,103],{"class":69},[1425,99434,99436],{"id":99435},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[45,99438,99440],{"className":47,"code":99439,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[52,99441,99442,99452],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99443,99444,99446,99448,99450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99445,97882],{"class":61},[55,99447,66],{"class":65},[55,99449,15231],{"class":850},[55,99451,8239],{"class":69},[55,99453,99454,99456,99458,99460],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99455,117],{"class":116},[55,99457,120],{"class":69},[55,99459,97901],{"class":123},[55,99461,103],{"class":69},[37,99463,1298],{"id":1297},[14,99465,99466],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[1425,99468,8012,99470,99472],{"id":99469},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[52,99471,3382],{}," and expecting an empty set",[14,99474,99475],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[45,99477,99479],{"className":47,"code":99478,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[52,99480,99481,99489],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99482,99483,99485,99487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99484,2031],{"class":61},[55,99486,66],{"class":65},[55,99488,9435],{"class":69},[55,99490,99491,99493,99495,99497,99499,99501],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99492,117],{"class":116},[55,99494,120],{"class":69},[55,99496,1396],{"class":850},[55,99498,120],{"class":69},[55,99500,2058],{"class":123},[55,99502,1357],{"class":69},[14,99504,99505],{},"This prints:",[45,99507,99508],{"className":47,"code":8405,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,99509,99510],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99511,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520,99522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99513,2878],{"class":65},[55,99515,2881],{"class":1648},[55,99517,2884],{"class":73},[55,99519,8418],{"class":77},[55,99521,2889],{"class":73},[55,99523,2892],{"class":65},[14,99525,1440,99526,6226],{},[52,99527,3387],{},[1425,99529,99531],{"id":99530},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[14,99533,99534],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[45,99536,99538],{"className":47,"code":99537,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,99539,99540,99568],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99541,99542,99544,99546,99548,99550,99552,99554,99556,99558,99560,99562,99564,99566],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99543,243],{"class":61},[55,99545,66],{"class":65},[55,99547,10088],{"class":69},[55,99549,152],{"class":130},[55,99551,83],{"class":69},[55,99553,5090],{"class":130},[55,99555,83],{"class":69},[55,99557,976],{"class":130},[55,99559,83],{"class":69},[55,99561,976],{"class":130},[55,99563,83],{"class":69},[55,99565,2036],{"class":130},[55,99567,8906],{"class":69},[55,99569,99570,99572,99574,99576],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99571,117],{"class":116},[55,99573,120],{"class":69},[55,99575,275],{"class":123},[55,99577,103],{"class":69},[14,99579,99580],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[1425,99582,99584],{"id":99583},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[14,99586,99587],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[14,99589,99590],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[45,99592,99594],{"className":47,"code":99593,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[52,99595,99596,99616],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99597,99598,99600,99602,99604,99606,99608,99610,99612,99614],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99599,243],{"class":61},[55,99601,66],{"class":65},[55,99603,10088],{"class":69},[55,99605,250],{"class":130},[55,99607,83],{"class":69},[55,99609,255],{"class":130},[55,99611,83],{"class":69},[55,99613,260],{"class":130},[55,99615,8906],{"class":69},[55,99617,99618],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99619,99620],{"class":137},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[14,99622,99623],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[1425,99625,99627],{"id":99626},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[14,99629,99630],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[45,99632,99634],{"className":47,"code":99633,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[52,99635,99636,99641],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99637,99638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99639,99640],{"class":137},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[55,99642,99643],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99644,99645],{"class":137},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[14,99647,99648,99649,198],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[52,99650,2592],{},[1425,99652,99654],{"id":99653},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[14,99656,99657],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[45,99659,99661],{"className":47,"code":99660,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[52,99662,99663,99683,99715,99719,99733],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99664,99665,99667,99669,99671,99673,99675,99677,99679,99681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99666,15226],{"class":61},[55,99668,66],{"class":65},[55,99670,10088],{"class":69},[55,99672,152],{"class":130},[55,99674,83],{"class":69},[55,99676,976],{"class":130},[55,99678,83],{"class":69},[55,99680,2036],{"class":130},[55,99682,8906],{"class":69},[55,99684,99685,99687,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699,99701,99703,99705,99707,99709,99711,99713],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99686,11323],{"class":61},[55,99688,66],{"class":65},[55,99690,10088],{"class":69},[55,99692,74],{"class":73},[55,99694,194],{"class":77},[55,99696,74],{"class":73},[55,99698,854],{"class":69},[55,99700,5090],{"class":130},[55,99702,83],{"class":69},[55,99704,86],{"class":73},[55,99706,786],{"class":77},[55,99708,74],{"class":73},[55,99710,854],{"class":69},[55,99712,976],{"class":130},[55,99714,8906],{"class":69},[55,99716,99717],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,99718,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,99720,99721,99723,99725,99727,99729,99731],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,99722,117],{"class":116},[55,99724,120],{"class":69},[55,99726,1396],{"class":850},[55,99728,120],{"class":69},[55,99730,15264],{"class":123},[55,99732,1357],{"class":69},[55,99734,99735,99737,99739,99741,99743,99745],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,99736,117],{"class":116},[55,99738,120],{"class":69},[55,99740,1396],{"class":850},[55,99742,120],{"class":69},[55,99744,11048],{"class":123},[55,99746,1357],{"class":69},[37,99748,92376],{"id":92375},[14,99750,99751],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[45,99753,99755],{"className":47,"code":99754,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[52,99756,99757,99783,99787,99801,99811,99825,99832],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,99758,99759,99761,99763,99765,99767,99769,99771,99773,99775,99777,99779,99781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,99760,15226],{"class":61},[55,99762,66],{"class":65},[55,99764,15231],{"class":850},[55,99766,2573],{"class":69},[55,99768,152],{"class":130},[55,99770,83],{"class":69},[55,99772,976],{"class":130},[55,99774,83],{"class":69},[55,99776,976],{"class":130},[55,99778,83],{"class":69},[55,99780,2036],{"class":130},[55,99782,282],{"class":69},[55,99784,99785],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,99786,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,99788,99789,99791,99793,99795,99797,99799],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,99790,117],{"class":116},[55,99792,120],{"class":69},[55,99794,1396],{"class":850},[55,99796,120],{"class":69},[55,99798,15264],{"class":123},[55,99800,1357],{"class":69},[55,99802,99803,99805,99807,99809],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,99804,117],{"class":116},[55,99806,120],{"class":69},[55,99808,15264],{"class":123},[55,99810,103],{"class":69},[55,99812,99813,99815,99817,99819,99821,99823],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,99814,117],{"class":116},[55,99816,120],{"class":69},[55,99818,940],{"class":116},[55,99820,120],{"class":69},[55,99822,15264],{"class":123},[55,99824,1357],{"class":69},[55,99826,99827,99829],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,99828,117],{"class":116},[55,99830,99831],{"class":69},"({})\n",[55,99833,99834,99836,99838,99840],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,99835,117],{"class":116},[55,99837,120],{"class":69},[55,99839,5881],{"class":850},[55,99841,6788],{"class":69},[14,99843,99844],{},"Use these to confirm:",[21,99846,99847,99850,99853,99856],{},[24,99848,99849],{},"The object type",[24,99851,99852],{},"The actual values stored",[24,99854,99855],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[24,99857,99858,99859,3983,99861],{},"The difference between ",[52,99860,3382],{},[52,99862,3387],{},[37,99864,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,99866,99868],{"id":99867},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[14,99870,99871,99872,99875,99876,99878],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[52,99873,99874],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[52,99877,3387],{}," with another iterable.",[1425,99880,99882],{"id":99881},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[14,99884,1440,99885,99887,99888,99890],{},[52,99886,3387],{},". Empty braces ",[52,99889,3382],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[1425,99892,99894],{"id":99893},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[14,99896,99897],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[1425,99899,99901],{"id":99900},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[14,99903,99904],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[1425,99906,99908],{"id":99907},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[14,99910,99911],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[37,99913,1495],{"id":1494},[21,99915,99916,99920,99926,99932,99937],{},[24,99917,99918],{},[194,99919,95920],{"href":97091},[24,99921,99922],{},[194,99923,3165,99924,10339],{"href":98092},[52,99925,95800],{},[24,99927,99928],{},[194,99929,3165,99930,10339],{"href":98111},[52,99931,96906],{},[24,99933,99934],{},[194,99935,99936],{"href":98669},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[24,99938,99939],{},[194,99940,99941],{"href":98383},"What is a set in Python?",[14,99943,99944],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1524,99946,99947],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":99949},[99950,99951,99952,99953,99956,99962,99966,99967,99968,99974,99982,99983,99990],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":14759,"depth":106,"text":14760},{"id":98355,"depth":106,"text":98356},{"id":98387,"depth":106,"text":98388,"children":99954},[99955],{"id":98456,"depth":113,"text":98457},{"id":98560,"depth":106,"text":99957,"children":99958},"Create a set with set()",[99959,99960,99961],{"id":98585,"depth":113,"text":98586},{"id":98673,"depth":113,"text":98674},{"id":98743,"depth":113,"text":98744},{"id":98828,"depth":106,"text":98829,"children":99963},[99964],{"id":98905,"depth":113,"text":99965},"Do not use {}",{"id":71859,"depth":106,"text":71860},{"id":99113,"depth":106,"text":99114},{"id":99285,"depth":106,"text":99286,"children":99969},[99970,99971,99972,99973],{"id":99289,"depth":113,"text":99290},{"id":99332,"depth":113,"text":99333},{"id":99399,"depth":113,"text":98744},{"id":99435,"depth":113,"text":99436},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":99975},[99976,99978,99979,99980,99981],{"id":99469,"depth":113,"text":99977},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99530,"depth":113,"text":99531},{"id":99583,"depth":113,"text":99584},{"id":99626,"depth":113,"text":99627},{"id":99653,"depth":113,"text":99654},{"id":92375,"depth":106,"text":92376},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":99984},[99985,99986,99987,99988,99989],{"id":99867,"depth":113,"text":99868},{"id":99881,"depth":113,"text":99882},{"id":99893,"depth":113,"text":99894},{"id":99900,"depth":113,"text":99901},{"id":99907,"depth":113,"text":99908},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98158,"description":99991},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99997,"title":99998,"body":99999,"description":102430,"extension":1546,"meta":102431,"navigation":109,"path":102432,"seo":102433,"stem":102434,"__hash__":102435},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100000,"toc":102395},[100001,100007,100013,100016,100018,100095,100097,100114,100124,100126,100131,100139,100141,100157,100161,100163,100165,100168,100189,100192,100216,100222,100224,100321,100323,100340,100350,100352,100354,100362,100364,100375,100377,100468,100470,100494,100505,100507,100509,100512,100642,100644,100717,100719,100740,100743,100745,100751,100756,100759,100886,100888,100905,100908,100910,100918,100921,100925,100933,101024,101026,101063,101068,101075,101152,101154,101170,101175,101180,101182,101191,101199,101280,101282,101311,101314,101318,101329,101332,101415,101417,101438,101444,101446,101448,101452,101456,101463,101528,101530,101550,101553,101622,101624,101640,101644,101650,101662,101670,101672,101757,101759,101788,101791,101795,101800,101802,101852,101855,101936,101938,101954,101958,101961,102036,102039,102043,102046,102123,102125,102158,102164,102168,102171,102306,102308,102322,102324,102326,102332,102335,102342,102350,102356,102359,102363,102366,102368,102370,102392],[10,100002,95792,100004,10920],{"id":100003},"python-set-difference-method",[52,100005,100006],{},"difference()",[14,100008,100009,100012],{},[52,100010,100011],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[14,100014,100015],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[37,100017,40],{"id":39},[45,100019,100021],{"className":47,"code":100020,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[52,100022,100023,100047,100067,100085],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100024,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100026,2141],{"class":61},[55,100028,66],{"class":65},[55,100030,10088],{"class":69},[55,100032,152],{"class":130},[55,100034,83],{"class":69},[55,100036,976],{"class":130},[55,100038,83],{"class":69},[55,100040,2036],{"class":130},[55,100042,83],{"class":69},[55,100044,2042],{"class":130},[55,100046,8906],{"class":69},[55,100048,100049,100051,100053,100055,100057,100059,100061,100063,100065],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100050,2169],{"class":61},[55,100052,66],{"class":65},[55,100054,10088],{"class":69},[55,100056,609],{"class":130},[55,100058,83],{"class":69},[55,100060,2042],{"class":130},[55,100062,83],{"class":69},[55,100064,4196],{"class":130},[55,100066,8906],{"class":69},[55,100068,100069,100071,100073,100075,100077,100079,100081,100083],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,100070,1814],{"class":61},[55,100072,66],{"class":65},[55,100074,56484],{"class":61},[55,100076,198],{"class":69},[55,100078,2399],{"class":123},[55,100080,120],{"class":69},[55,100082,786],{"class":123},[55,100084,103],{"class":69},[55,100086,100087,100089,100091,100093],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,100088,117],{"class":116},[55,100090,120],{"class":69},[55,100092,1849],{"class":123},[55,100094,103],{"class":69},[14,100096,314],{},[45,100098,100100],{"className":47,"code":100099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2}\n",[52,100101,100102],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100103,100104,100106,100108,100110,100112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100105,8875],{"class":69},[55,100107,152],{"class":130},[55,100109,83],{"class":69},[55,100111,976],{"class":130},[55,100113,8906],{"class":69},[14,100115,100116,100118,100119,100121,100122,198],{},[52,100117,100006],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[52,100120,194],{}," that are not in ",[52,100123,786],{},[44514,100125],{},[37,100127,3265,100129,3268],{"id":100128},"what-difference-does",[52,100130,100006],{},[14,100132,1563,100133,100135,100136,100138],{},[52,100134,100006],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3332,100137,4222],{}," appear in the other set.",[14,100140,12652],{},[21,100142,100143,100148,100151,100154],{},[24,100144,100145,100147],{},[52,100146,100006],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[24,100149,100150],{},"It creates a new set",[24,100152,100153],{},"It does not change the original set",[24,100155,100156],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[14,100158,95916,100159,198],{},[194,100160,95920],{"href":97091},[44514,100162],{},[37,100164,1740],{"id":1739},[14,100166,100167],{},"Use this form:",[45,100169,100171],{"className":47,"code":100170,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[52,100172,100173],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100174,100175,100178,100180,100182,100184,100187],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100176,100177],{"class":61},"set1",[55,100179,198],{"class":69},[55,100181,2399],{"class":123},[55,100183,120],{"class":69},[55,100185,100186],{"class":123},"set2",[55,100188,103],{"class":69},[14,100190,100191],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[45,100193,100195],{"className":47,"code":100194,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[52,100196,100197],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100198,100199,100201,100203,100205,100207,100209,100211,100214],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100200,100177],{"class":61},[55,100202,198],{"class":69},[55,100204,2399],{"class":123},[55,100206,120],{"class":69},[55,100208,100186],{"class":123},[55,100210,83],{"class":69},[55,100212,100213],{"class":123}," set3",[55,100215,103],{"class":69},[14,100217,100218,100219,100221],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3332,100220,4946],{}," of the other sets.",[14,100223,233],{},[45,100225,100227],{"className":47,"code":100226,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[52,100228,100229,100257,100273,100285,100289,100311],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100230,100231,100233,100235,100237,100239,100241,100243,100245,100247,100249,100251,100253,100255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100232,2141],{"class":61},[55,100234,66],{"class":65},[55,100236,10088],{"class":69},[55,100238,152],{"class":130},[55,100240,83],{"class":69},[55,100242,976],{"class":130},[55,100244,83],{"class":69},[55,100246,2036],{"class":130},[55,100248,83],{"class":69},[55,100250,2042],{"class":130},[55,100252,83],{"class":69},[55,100254,4196],{"class":130},[55,100256,8906],{"class":69},[55,100258,100259,100261,100263,100265,100267,100269,100271],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100260,2169],{"class":61},[55,100262,66],{"class":65},[55,100264,10088],{"class":69},[55,100266,309],{"class":130},[55,100268,83],{"class":69},[55,100270,2036],{"class":130},[55,100272,8906],{"class":69},[55,100274,100275,100277,100279,100281,100283],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,100276,82776],{"class":61},[55,100278,66],{"class":65},[55,100280,10088],{"class":69},[55,100282,817],{"class":130},[55,100284,8906],{"class":69},[55,100286,100287],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,100288,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,100290,100291,100293,100295,100297,100299,100301,100303,100305,100307,100309],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,100292,1814],{"class":61},[55,100294,66],{"class":65},[55,100296,56484],{"class":61},[55,100298,198],{"class":69},[55,100300,2399],{"class":123},[55,100302,120],{"class":69},[55,100304,786],{"class":123},[55,100306,83],{"class":69},[55,100308,9279],{"class":123},[55,100310,103],{"class":69},[55,100312,100313,100315,100317,100319],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,100314,117],{"class":116},[55,100316,120],{"class":69},[55,100318,1849],{"class":123},[55,100320,103],{"class":69},[14,100322,314],{},[45,100324,100326],{"className":47,"code":100325,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 4}\n",[52,100327,100328],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100329,100330,100332,100334,100336,100338],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100331,8875],{"class":69},[55,100333,152],{"class":130},[55,100335,83],{"class":69},[55,100337,2042],{"class":130},[55,100339,8906],{"class":69},[14,100341,100342,100343,100345,100346,2465,100348,198],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[52,100344,194],{}," and removes anything found in ",[52,100347,786],{},[52,100349,795],{},[44514,100351],{},[37,100353,17017],{"id":17016},[14,100355,100356,100358,100359,198],{},[52,100357,100006],{}," always returns a ",[3332,100360,100361],{},"new set",[14,100363,43247],{},[21,100365,100366,100369,100372],{},[24,100367,100368],{},"The return value is a new set",[24,100370,100371],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[24,100373,100374],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[14,100376,233],{},[45,100378,100380],{"className":47,"code":100379,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,100381,100382,100398,100418,100422,100440,100444,100454],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100383,100384,100386,100388,100390,100392,100394,100396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100385,2141],{"class":61},[55,100387,66],{"class":65},[55,100389,10088],{"class":69},[55,100391,152],{"class":130},[55,100393,83],{"class":69},[55,100395,976],{"class":130},[55,100397,8906],{"class":69},[55,100399,100400,100402,100404,100406,100408,100410,100412,100414,100416],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100401,2169],{"class":61},[55,100403,66],{"class":65},[55,100405,10088],{"class":69},[55,100407,152],{"class":130},[55,100409,83],{"class":69},[55,100411,976],{"class":130},[55,100413,83],{"class":69},[55,100415,2036],{"class":130},[55,100417,8906],{"class":69},[55,100419,100420],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,100421,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,100423,100424,100426,100428,100430,100432,100434,100436,100438],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,100425,1814],{"class":61},[55,100427,66],{"class":65},[55,100429,56484],{"class":61},[55,100431,198],{"class":69},[55,100433,2399],{"class":123},[55,100435,120],{"class":69},[55,100437,786],{"class":123},[55,100439,103],{"class":69},[55,100441,100442],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,100443,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,100445,100446,100448,100450,100452],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,100447,117],{"class":116},[55,100449,120],{"class":69},[55,100451,1849],{"class":123},[55,100453,103],{"class":69},[55,100455,100456,100458,100460,100462,100464,100466],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,100457,117],{"class":116},[55,100459,120],{"class":69},[55,100461,1396],{"class":850},[55,100463,120],{"class":69},[55,100465,1849],{"class":123},[55,100467,1357],{"class":69},[14,100469,314],{},[45,100471,100472],{"className":47,"code":98880,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,100473,100474,100480],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100475,100476,100478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100477,5881],{"class":850},[55,100479,8239],{"class":69},[55,100481,100482,100484,100486,100488,100490,100492],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100483,2878],{"class":65},[55,100485,2881],{"class":1648},[55,100487,2884],{"class":73},[55,100489,5881],{"class":77},[55,100491,2889],{"class":73},[55,100493,2892],{"class":65},[14,100495,100496,100497,222,100499,100501,100502,100504],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[52,100498,3387],{},[52,100500,3382],{},". In Python, ",[52,100503,3382],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44514,100506],{},[37,100508,11073],{"id":11072},[14,100510,100511],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[45,100513,100515],{"className":47,"code":100514,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[52,100516,100517,100550,100583,100587,100607,100611,100621,100632],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100518,100519,100522,100524,100526,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544,100546,100548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100520,100521],{"class":61},"fruits_a ",[55,100523,66],{"class":65},[55,100525,10088],{"class":69},[55,100527,74],{"class":73},[55,100529,407],{"class":77},[55,100531,74],{"class":73},[55,100533,83],{"class":69},[55,100535,86],{"class":73},[55,100537,416],{"class":77},[55,100539,74],{"class":73},[55,100541,83],{"class":69},[55,100543,86],{"class":73},[55,100545,32820],{"class":77},[55,100547,74],{"class":73},[55,100549,8906],{"class":69},[55,100551,100552,100555,100557,100559,100561,100563,100565,100567,100569,100571,100573,100575,100577,100579,100581],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100553,100554],{"class":61},"fruits_b ",[55,100556,66],{"class":65},[55,100558,10088],{"class":69},[55,100560,74],{"class":73},[55,100562,416],{"class":77},[55,100564,74],{"class":73},[55,100566,83],{"class":69},[55,100568,86],{"class":73},[55,100570,32820],{"class":77},[55,100572,74],{"class":73},[55,100574,83],{"class":69},[55,100576,86],{"class":73},[55,100578,22129],{"class":77},[55,100580,74],{"class":73},[55,100582,8906],{"class":69},[55,100584,100585],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,100586,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,100588,100589,100591,100593,100596,100598,100600,100602,100605],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,100590,1814],{"class":61},[55,100592,66],{"class":65},[55,100594,100595],{"class":61}," fruits_a",[55,100597,198],{"class":69},[55,100599,2399],{"class":123},[55,100601,120],{"class":69},[55,100603,100604],{"class":123},"fruits_b",[55,100606,103],{"class":69},[55,100608,100609],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,100610,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,100612,100613,100615,100617,100619],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,100614,117],{"class":116},[55,100616,120],{"class":69},[55,100618,1849],{"class":123},[55,100620,103],{"class":69},[55,100622,100623,100625,100627,100630],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,100624,117],{"class":116},[55,100626,120],{"class":69},[55,100628,100629],{"class":123},"fruits_a",[55,100631,103],{"class":69},[55,100633,100634,100636,100638,100640],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,100635,117],{"class":116},[55,100637,120],{"class":69},[55,100639,100604],{"class":123},[55,100641,103],{"class":69},[14,100643,29627],{},[45,100645,100647],{"className":47,"code":100646,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[52,100648,100649,100661,100689],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100650,100651,100653,100655,100657,100659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100652,8875],{"class":69},[55,100654,2889],{"class":73},[55,100656,407],{"class":77},[55,100658,2889],{"class":73},[55,100660,8906],{"class":69},[55,100662,100663,100665,100667,100669,100671,100673,100675,100677,100679,100681,100683,100685,100687],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100664,8875],{"class":69},[55,100666,2889],{"class":73},[55,100668,416],{"class":77},[55,100670,2889],{"class":73},[55,100672,83],{"class":69},[55,100674,2884],{"class":73},[55,100676,32820],{"class":77},[55,100678,2889],{"class":73},[55,100680,83],{"class":69},[55,100682,2884],{"class":73},[55,100684,407],{"class":77},[55,100686,2889],{"class":73},[55,100688,8906],{"class":69},[55,100690,100691,100693,100695,100697,100699,100701,100703,100705,100707,100709,100711,100713,100715],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,100692,8875],{"class":69},[55,100694,2889],{"class":73},[55,100696,416],{"class":77},[55,100698,2889],{"class":73},[55,100700,83],{"class":69},[55,100702,2884],{"class":73},[55,100704,32820],{"class":77},[55,100706,2889],{"class":73},[55,100708,83],{"class":69},[55,100710,2884],{"class":73},[55,100712,22129],{"class":77},[55,100714,2889],{"class":73},[55,100716,8906],{"class":69},[14,100718,11282],{},[21,100720,100721,100726,100731,100737],{},[24,100722,100723,100724],{},"Start with ",[52,100725,100629],{},[24,100727,100728,100729],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[52,100730,100604],{},[24,100732,100733,100734,100736],{},"Only ",[52,100735,57430],{}," remains",[24,100738,100739],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[14,100741,100742],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44514,100744],{},[37,100746,8012,100748,100750],{"id":100747},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[52,100749,100006],{}," with multiple sets",[14,100752,100753,100754,198],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[52,100755,100006],{},[14,100757,100758],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[45,100760,100762],{"className":47,"code":100761,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[52,100763,100764,100796,100813,100826,100843,100847,100876],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100765,100766,100768,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788,100790,100792,100794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100767,243],{"class":61},[55,100769,66],{"class":65},[55,100771,10088],{"class":69},[55,100773,152],{"class":130},[55,100775,83],{"class":69},[55,100777,976],{"class":130},[55,100779,83],{"class":69},[55,100781,2036],{"class":130},[55,100783,83],{"class":69},[55,100785,2042],{"class":130},[55,100787,83],{"class":69},[55,100789,4196],{"class":130},[55,100791,83],{"class":69},[55,100793,37240],{"class":130},[55,100795,8906],{"class":69},[55,100797,100798,100801,100803,100805,100807,100809,100811],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100799,100800],{"class":61},"group_a ",[55,100802,66],{"class":65},[55,100804,10088],{"class":69},[55,100806,309],{"class":130},[55,100808,83],{"class":69},[55,100810,2042],{"class":130},[55,100812,8906],{"class":69},[55,100814,100815,100818,100820,100822,100824],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,100816,100817],{"class":61},"group_b ",[55,100819,66],{"class":65},[55,100821,10088],{"class":69},[55,100823,817],{"class":130},[55,100825,8906],{"class":69},[55,100827,100828,100831,100833,100835,100837,100839,100841],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,100829,100830],{"class":61},"group_c ",[55,100832,66],{"class":65},[55,100834,10088],{"class":69},[55,100836,80184],{"class":130},[55,100838,83],{"class":69},[55,100840,5587],{"class":130},[55,100842,8906],{"class":69},[55,100844,100845],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,100846,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,100848,100849,100851,100853,100855,100857,100859,100861,100864,100866,100869,100871,100874],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,100850,1814],{"class":61},[55,100852,66],{"class":65},[55,100854,3852],{"class":61},[55,100856,198],{"class":69},[55,100858,2399],{"class":123},[55,100860,120],{"class":69},[55,100862,100863],{"class":123},"group_a",[55,100865,83],{"class":69},[55,100867,100868],{"class":123}," group_b",[55,100870,83],{"class":69},[55,100872,100873],{"class":123}," group_c",[55,100875,103],{"class":69},[55,100877,100878,100880,100882,100884],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,100879,117],{"class":116},[55,100881,120],{"class":69},[55,100883,1849],{"class":123},[55,100885,103],{"class":69},[14,100887,314],{},[45,100889,100891],{"className":47,"code":100890,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 3}\n",[52,100892,100893],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100894,100895,100897,100899,100901,100903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100896,8875],{"class":69},[55,100898,152],{"class":130},[55,100900,83],{"class":69},[55,100902,2036],{"class":130},[55,100904,8906],{"class":69},[14,100906,100907],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44514,100909],{},[37,100911,100913,10183,100915],{"id":100912},"difference-vs-difference_update",[52,100914,100006],{},[52,100916,100917],{},"difference_update()",[14,100919,100920],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[1425,100922,100923],{"id":2399},[52,100924,100006],{},[21,100926,100927,100930],{},[24,100928,100929],{},"Returns a new set",[24,100931,100932],{},"Does not change the original set",[45,100934,100936],{"className":47,"code":100935,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[52,100937,100938,100962,100978,100982,101000,101004,101014],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,100939,100940,100942,100944,100946,100948,100950,100952,100954,100956,100958,100960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,100941,2141],{"class":61},[55,100943,66],{"class":65},[55,100945,10088],{"class":69},[55,100947,152],{"class":130},[55,100949,83],{"class":69},[55,100951,976],{"class":130},[55,100953,83],{"class":69},[55,100955,2036],{"class":130},[55,100957,83],{"class":69},[55,100959,2042],{"class":130},[55,100961,8906],{"class":69},[55,100963,100964,100966,100968,100970,100972,100974,100976],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,100965,2169],{"class":61},[55,100967,66],{"class":65},[55,100969,10088],{"class":69},[55,100971,609],{"class":130},[55,100973,83],{"class":69},[55,100975,2042],{"class":130},[55,100977,8906],{"class":69},[55,100979,100980],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,100981,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,100983,100984,100986,100988,100990,100992,100994,100996,100998],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,100985,1814],{"class":61},[55,100987,66],{"class":65},[55,100989,56484],{"class":61},[55,100991,198],{"class":69},[55,100993,2399],{"class":123},[55,100995,120],{"class":69},[55,100997,786],{"class":123},[55,100999,103],{"class":69},[55,101001,101002],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101003,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101005,101006,101008,101010,101012],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,101007,117],{"class":116},[55,101009,120],{"class":69},[55,101011,1849],{"class":123},[55,101013,103],{"class":69},[55,101015,101016,101018,101020,101022],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,101017,117],{"class":116},[55,101019,120],{"class":69},[55,101021,194],{"class":123},[55,101023,103],{"class":69},[14,101025,314],{},[45,101027,101029],{"className":47,"code":101028,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[52,101030,101031,101043],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101032,101033,101035,101037,101039,101041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101034,8875],{"class":69},[55,101036,152],{"class":130},[55,101038,83],{"class":69},[55,101040,976],{"class":130},[55,101042,8906],{"class":69},[55,101044,101045,101047,101049,101051,101053,101055,101057,101059,101061],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101046,8875],{"class":69},[55,101048,152],{"class":130},[55,101050,83],{"class":69},[55,101052,976],{"class":130},[55,101054,83],{"class":69},[55,101056,2036],{"class":130},[55,101058,83],{"class":69},[55,101060,2042],{"class":130},[55,101062,8906],{"class":69},[1425,101064,101066],{"id":101065},"difference_update",[52,101067,100917],{},[21,101069,101070,101073],{},[24,101071,101072],{},"Changes the original set",[24,101074,95910],{},[45,101076,101078],{"className":47,"code":101077,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[52,101079,101080,101104,101120,101124,101138,101142],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101081,101082,101084,101086,101088,101090,101092,101094,101096,101098,101100,101102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101083,2141],{"class":61},[55,101085,66],{"class":65},[55,101087,10088],{"class":69},[55,101089,152],{"class":130},[55,101091,83],{"class":69},[55,101093,976],{"class":130},[55,101095,83],{"class":69},[55,101097,2036],{"class":130},[55,101099,83],{"class":69},[55,101101,2042],{"class":130},[55,101103,8906],{"class":69},[55,101105,101106,101108,101110,101112,101114,101116,101118],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101107,2169],{"class":61},[55,101109,66],{"class":65},[55,101111,10088],{"class":69},[55,101113,609],{"class":130},[55,101115,83],{"class":69},[55,101117,2042],{"class":130},[55,101119,8906],{"class":69},[55,101121,101122],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101123,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101125,101126,101128,101130,101132,101134,101136],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101127,194],{"class":61},[55,101129,198],{"class":69},[55,101131,101065],{"class":123},[55,101133,120],{"class":69},[55,101135,786],{"class":123},[55,101137,103],{"class":69},[55,101139,101140],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101141,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101143,101144,101146,101148,101150],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,101145,117],{"class":116},[55,101147,120],{"class":69},[55,101149,194],{"class":123},[55,101151,103],{"class":69},[14,101153,314],{},[45,101155,101156],{"className":47,"code":100099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,101157,101158],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101159,101160,101162,101164,101166,101168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101161,8875],{"class":69},[55,101163,152],{"class":130},[55,101165,83],{"class":69},[55,101167,976],{"class":130},[55,101169,8906],{"class":69},[14,101171,1440,101172,101174],{},[52,101173,100006],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[14,101176,101177,101178,33200],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[52,101179,100917],{},[44514,101181],{},[37,101183,101185,101187,101188,101190],{"id":101184},"difference-vs-the-operator",[52,101186,100006],{}," vs the ",[52,101189,171],{}," operator",[14,101192,1563,101193,101195,101196,101198],{},[52,101194,171],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[52,101197,100006],{}," for two sets.",[45,101200,101202],{"className":47,"code":101201,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[52,101203,101204,101228,101244,101248,101266],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101205,101206,101208,101210,101212,101214,101216,101218,101220,101222,101224,101226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101207,2141],{"class":61},[55,101209,66],{"class":65},[55,101211,10088],{"class":69},[55,101213,152],{"class":130},[55,101215,83],{"class":69},[55,101217,976],{"class":130},[55,101219,83],{"class":69},[55,101221,2036],{"class":130},[55,101223,83],{"class":69},[55,101225,2042],{"class":130},[55,101227,8906],{"class":69},[55,101229,101230,101232,101234,101236,101238,101240,101242],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101231,2169],{"class":61},[55,101233,66],{"class":65},[55,101235,10088],{"class":69},[55,101237,609],{"class":130},[55,101239,83],{"class":69},[55,101241,2042],{"class":130},[55,101243,8906],{"class":69},[55,101245,101246],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101247,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101249,101250,101252,101254,101256,101258,101260,101262,101264],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101251,117],{"class":116},[55,101253,120],{"class":69},[55,101255,194],{"class":123},[55,101257,198],{"class":69},[55,101259,2399],{"class":123},[55,101261,120],{"class":69},[55,101263,786],{"class":123},[55,101265,1357],{"class":69},[55,101267,101268,101270,101272,101274,101276,101278],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101269,117],{"class":116},[55,101271,120],{"class":69},[55,101273,2141],{"class":123},[55,101275,171],{"class":65},[55,101277,2146],{"class":123},[55,101279,103],{"class":69},[14,101281,314],{},[45,101283,101285],{"className":47,"code":101284,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[52,101286,101287,101299],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101288,101289,101291,101293,101295,101297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101290,8875],{"class":69},[55,101292,152],{"class":130},[55,101294,83],{"class":69},[55,101296,976],{"class":130},[55,101298,8906],{"class":69},[55,101300,101301,101303,101305,101307,101309],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101302,8875],{"class":69},[55,101304,152],{"class":130},[55,101306,83],{"class":69},[55,101308,976],{"class":130},[55,101310,8906],{"class":69},[14,101312,101313],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[14,101315,94181,101316,2078],{},[52,101317,100006],{},[21,101319,101320,101323,101326],{},[24,101321,101322],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[24,101324,101325],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[24,101327,101328],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[14,101330,101331],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[45,101333,101335],{"className":47,"code":101334,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[52,101336,101337,101365,101377,101389,101393],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101338,101339,101341,101343,101345,101347,101349,101351,101353,101355,101357,101359,101361,101363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101340,2141],{"class":61},[55,101342,66],{"class":65},[55,101344,10088],{"class":69},[55,101346,152],{"class":130},[55,101348,83],{"class":69},[55,101350,976],{"class":130},[55,101352,83],{"class":69},[55,101354,2036],{"class":130},[55,101356,83],{"class":69},[55,101358,2042],{"class":130},[55,101360,83],{"class":69},[55,101362,4196],{"class":130},[55,101364,8906],{"class":69},[55,101366,101367,101369,101371,101373,101375],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101368,2169],{"class":61},[55,101370,66],{"class":65},[55,101372,10088],{"class":69},[55,101374,309],{"class":130},[55,101376,8906],{"class":69},[55,101378,101379,101381,101383,101385,101387],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101380,82776],{"class":61},[55,101382,66],{"class":65},[55,101384,10088],{"class":69},[55,101386,2091],{"class":130},[55,101388,8906],{"class":69},[55,101390,101391],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101392,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101394,101395,101397,101399,101401,101403,101405,101407,101409,101411,101413],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101396,117],{"class":116},[55,101398,120],{"class":69},[55,101400,194],{"class":123},[55,101402,198],{"class":69},[55,101404,2399],{"class":123},[55,101406,120],{"class":69},[55,101408,786],{"class":123},[55,101410,83],{"class":69},[55,101412,9279],{"class":123},[55,101414,1357],{"class":69},[14,101416,314],{},[45,101418,101420],{"className":47,"code":101419,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[52,101421,101422],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101423,101424,101426,101428,101430,101432,101434,101436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101425,8875],{"class":69},[55,101427,152],{"class":130},[55,101429,83],{"class":69},[55,101431,2036],{"class":130},[55,101433,83],{"class":69},[55,101435,4196],{"class":130},[55,101437,8906],{"class":69},[14,101439,101440,101441,101443],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[52,101442,171],{}," operator expression.",[44514,101445],{},[37,101447,4109],{"id":4108},[14,101449,20808,101450,198],{},[52,101451,100006],{},[1425,101453,101455],{"id":101454},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[14,101457,4219,101458,101460,101461,854],{},[3332,101459,4222],{}," change ",[52,101462,194],{},[45,101464,101466],{"className":47,"code":101465,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[52,101467,101468,101488,101500,101504,101518],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101469,101470,101472,101474,101476,101478,101480,101482,101484,101486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101471,2141],{"class":61},[55,101473,66],{"class":65},[55,101475,10088],{"class":69},[55,101477,152],{"class":130},[55,101479,83],{"class":69},[55,101481,976],{"class":130},[55,101483,83],{"class":69},[55,101485,2036],{"class":130},[55,101487,8906],{"class":69},[55,101489,101490,101492,101494,101496,101498],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101491,2169],{"class":61},[55,101493,66],{"class":65},[55,101495,10088],{"class":69},[55,101497,609],{"class":130},[55,101499,8906],{"class":69},[55,101501,101502],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101503,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101505,101506,101508,101510,101512,101514,101516],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101507,194],{"class":61},[55,101509,198],{"class":69},[55,101511,2399],{"class":123},[55,101513,120],{"class":69},[55,101515,786],{"class":123},[55,101517,103],{"class":69},[55,101519,101520,101522,101524,101526],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101521,117],{"class":116},[55,101523,120],{"class":69},[55,101525,194],{"class":123},[55,101527,103],{"class":69},[14,101529,314],{},[45,101531,101532],{"className":47,"code":96199,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,101533,101534],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101535,101536,101538,101540,101542,101544,101546,101548],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101537,8875],{"class":69},[55,101539,152],{"class":130},[55,101541,83],{"class":69},[55,101543,976],{"class":130},[55,101545,83],{"class":69},[55,101547,2036],{"class":130},[55,101549,8906],{"class":69},[14,101551,101552],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[45,101554,101556],{"className":47,"code":101555,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[52,101557,101558,101578,101590,101594,101612],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101559,101560,101562,101564,101566,101568,101570,101572,101574,101576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101561,2141],{"class":61},[55,101563,66],{"class":65},[55,101565,10088],{"class":69},[55,101567,152],{"class":130},[55,101569,83],{"class":69},[55,101571,976],{"class":130},[55,101573,83],{"class":69},[55,101575,2036],{"class":130},[55,101577,8906],{"class":69},[55,101579,101580,101582,101584,101586,101588],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101581,2169],{"class":61},[55,101583,66],{"class":65},[55,101585,10088],{"class":69},[55,101587,609],{"class":130},[55,101589,8906],{"class":69},[55,101591,101592],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101593,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101595,101596,101598,101600,101602,101604,101606,101608,101610],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101597,2141],{"class":61},[55,101599,66],{"class":65},[55,101601,56484],{"class":61},[55,101603,198],{"class":69},[55,101605,2399],{"class":123},[55,101607,120],{"class":69},[55,101609,786],{"class":123},[55,101611,103],{"class":69},[55,101613,101614,101616,101618,101620],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101615,117],{"class":116},[55,101617,120],{"class":69},[55,101619,194],{"class":123},[55,101621,103],{"class":69},[14,101623,314],{},[45,101625,101626],{"className":47,"code":100099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,101627,101628],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101629,101630,101632,101634,101636,101638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101631,8875],{"class":69},[55,101633,152],{"class":130},[55,101635,83],{"class":69},[55,101637,976],{"class":130},[55,101639,8906],{"class":69},[1425,101641,101643],{"id":101642},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[14,101645,101646,101649],{},[52,101647,101648],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[21,101651,101652,101657],{},[24,101653,101654,101655],{},"keep items from ",[52,101656,194],{},[24,101658,101659,101660],{},"remove anything also in ",[52,101661,786],{},[14,101663,40502,101664,101666,101667,101669],{},[3332,101665,4222],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[52,101668,786],{},"”.",[14,101671,233],{},[45,101673,101675],{"className":47,"code":101674,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[52,101676,101677,101697,101717,101721,101739],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101678,101679,101681,101683,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101680,2141],{"class":61},[55,101682,66],{"class":65},[55,101684,10088],{"class":69},[55,101686,152],{"class":130},[55,101688,83],{"class":69},[55,101690,976],{"class":130},[55,101692,83],{"class":69},[55,101694,2036],{"class":130},[55,101696,8906],{"class":69},[55,101698,101699,101701,101703,101705,101707,101709,101711,101713,101715],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101700,2169],{"class":61},[55,101702,66],{"class":65},[55,101704,10088],{"class":69},[55,101706,609],{"class":130},[55,101708,83],{"class":69},[55,101710,2042],{"class":130},[55,101712,83],{"class":69},[55,101714,4196],{"class":130},[55,101716,8906],{"class":69},[55,101718,101719],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101720,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101722,101723,101725,101727,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101724,117],{"class":116},[55,101726,120],{"class":69},[55,101728,194],{"class":123},[55,101730,198],{"class":69},[55,101732,2399],{"class":123},[55,101734,120],{"class":69},[55,101736,786],{"class":123},[55,101738,1357],{"class":69},[55,101740,101741,101743,101745,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101742,117],{"class":116},[55,101744,120],{"class":69},[55,101746,786],{"class":123},[55,101748,198],{"class":69},[55,101750,2399],{"class":123},[55,101752,120],{"class":69},[55,101754,194],{"class":123},[55,101756,1357],{"class":69},[14,101758,314],{},[45,101760,101762],{"className":47,"code":101761,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[52,101763,101764,101776],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101765,101766,101768,101770,101772,101774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101767,8875],{"class":69},[55,101769,152],{"class":130},[55,101771,83],{"class":69},[55,101773,976],{"class":130},[55,101775,8906],{"class":69},[55,101777,101778,101780,101782,101784,101786],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101779,8875],{"class":69},[55,101781,2091],{"class":130},[55,101783,83],{"class":69},[55,101785,4196],{"class":130},[55,101787,8906],{"class":69},[14,101789,101790],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[1425,101792,101794],{"id":101793},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[14,101796,101797,101799],{},[52,101798,100006],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[14,101801,54915],{},[45,101803,101805],{"className":47,"code":101804,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[52,101806,101807,101827,101843,101847],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101808,101809,101811,101813,101815,101817,101819,101821,101823,101825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101810,2141],{"class":61},[55,101812,66],{"class":65},[55,101814,3211],{"class":69},[55,101816,152],{"class":130},[55,101818,83],{"class":69},[55,101820,976],{"class":130},[55,101822,83],{"class":69},[55,101824,2036],{"class":130},[55,101826,386],{"class":69},[55,101828,101829,101831,101833,101835,101837,101839,101841],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101830,2169],{"class":61},[55,101832,66],{"class":65},[55,101834,3211],{"class":69},[55,101836,609],{"class":130},[55,101838,83],{"class":69},[55,101840,2042],{"class":130},[55,101842,386],{"class":69},[55,101844,101845],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101846,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101848,101849],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101850,101851],{"class":137},"# a.difference(b)\n",[14,101853,101854],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[45,101856,101858],{"className":47,"code":101857,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[52,101859,101860,101880,101896,101900,101926],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101861,101862,101864,101866,101868,101870,101872,101874,101876,101878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101863,2141],{"class":61},[55,101865,66],{"class":65},[55,101867,3211],{"class":69},[55,101869,152],{"class":130},[55,101871,83],{"class":69},[55,101873,976],{"class":130},[55,101875,83],{"class":69},[55,101877,2036],{"class":130},[55,101879,386],{"class":69},[55,101881,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892,101894],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,101883,2169],{"class":61},[55,101885,66],{"class":65},[55,101887,3211],{"class":69},[55,101889,609],{"class":130},[55,101891,83],{"class":69},[55,101893,2042],{"class":130},[55,101895,386],{"class":69},[55,101897,101898],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,101899,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,101901,101902,101904,101906,101908,101910,101912,101914,101916,101918,101920,101922,101924],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,101903,1814],{"class":61},[55,101905,66],{"class":65},[55,101907,15231],{"class":850},[55,101909,120],{"class":69},[55,101911,194],{"class":123},[55,101913,8227],{"class":69},[55,101915,2399],{"class":123},[55,101917,120],{"class":69},[55,101919,5881],{"class":850},[55,101921,120],{"class":69},[55,101923,786],{"class":123},[55,101925,1357],{"class":69},[55,101927,101928,101930,101932,101934],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,101929,117],{"class":116},[55,101931,120],{"class":69},[55,101933,1849],{"class":123},[55,101935,103],{"class":69},[14,101937,314],{},[45,101939,101940],{"className":47,"code":100099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,101941,101942],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101943,101944,101946,101948,101950,101952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101945,8875],{"class":69},[55,101947,152],{"class":130},[55,101949,83],{"class":69},[55,101951,976],{"class":130},[55,101953,8906],{"class":69},[1425,101955,101957],{"id":101956},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[14,101959,101960],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[45,101962,101964],{"className":47,"code":101963,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[52,101965,101966,101998,102014,102018],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,101967,101968,101970,101972,101974,101976,101978,101980,101982,101984,101986,101988,101990,101992,101994,101996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,101969,2141],{"class":61},[55,101971,66],{"class":65},[55,101973,10088],{"class":69},[55,101975,74],{"class":73},[55,101977,36643],{"class":77},[55,101979,74],{"class":73},[55,101981,83],{"class":69},[55,101983,86],{"class":73},[55,101985,57724],{"class":77},[55,101987,74],{"class":73},[55,101989,83],{"class":69},[55,101991,86],{"class":73},[55,101993,57741],{"class":77},[55,101995,74],{"class":73},[55,101997,8906],{"class":69},[55,101999,102000,102002,102004,102006,102008,102010,102012],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102001,2169],{"class":61},[55,102003,66],{"class":65},[55,102005,10088],{"class":69},[55,102007,74],{"class":73},[55,102009,57724],{"class":77},[55,102011,74],{"class":73},[55,102013,8906],{"class":69},[55,102015,102016],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,102017,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,102019,102020,102022,102024,102026,102028,102030,102032,102034],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,102021,117],{"class":116},[55,102023,120],{"class":69},[55,102025,194],{"class":123},[55,102027,198],{"class":69},[55,102029,2399],{"class":123},[55,102031,120],{"class":69},[55,102033,786],{"class":123},[55,102035,1357],{"class":69},[14,102037,102038],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[1425,102040,102042],{"id":102041},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[14,102044,102045],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[45,102047,102049],{"className":47,"code":102048,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[52,102050,102051,102079,102091,102095,102105],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102052,102053,102055,102057,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067,102069,102071,102073,102075,102077],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102054,2141],{"class":61},[55,102056,66],{"class":65},[55,102058,10088],{"class":69},[55,102060,152],{"class":130},[55,102062,83],{"class":69},[55,102064,5090],{"class":130},[55,102066,83],{"class":69},[55,102068,976],{"class":130},[55,102070,83],{"class":69},[55,102072,976],{"class":130},[55,102074,83],{"class":69},[55,102076,2036],{"class":130},[55,102078,8906],{"class":69},[55,102080,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102082,2169],{"class":61},[55,102084,66],{"class":65},[55,102086,10088],{"class":69},[55,102088,609],{"class":130},[55,102090,8906],{"class":69},[55,102092,102093],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,102094,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,102096,102097,102099,102101,102103],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,102098,117],{"class":116},[55,102100,120],{"class":69},[55,102102,194],{"class":123},[55,102104,103],{"class":69},[55,102106,102107,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117,102119,102121],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,102108,117],{"class":116},[55,102110,120],{"class":69},[55,102112,194],{"class":123},[55,102114,198],{"class":69},[55,102116,2399],{"class":123},[55,102118,120],{"class":69},[55,102120,786],{"class":123},[55,102122,1357],{"class":69},[14,102124,314],{},[45,102126,102128],{"className":47,"code":102127,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[52,102129,102130,102146],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102131,102132,102134,102136,102138,102140,102142,102144],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102133,8875],{"class":69},[55,102135,152],{"class":130},[55,102137,83],{"class":69},[55,102139,976],{"class":130},[55,102141,83],{"class":69},[55,102143,2036],{"class":130},[55,102145,8906],{"class":69},[55,102147,102148,102150,102152,102154,102156],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102149,8875],{"class":69},[55,102151,152],{"class":130},[55,102153,83],{"class":69},[55,102155,976],{"class":130},[55,102157,8906],{"class":69},[14,102159,102160,102161,102163],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[52,102162,100006],{}," runs.",[1425,102165,102167],{"id":102166},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[14,102169,102170],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[45,102172,102174],{"className":47,"code":102173,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[52,102175,102176,102200,102220,102224,102234,102244,102262,102284],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102177,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194,102196,102198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102179,2141],{"class":61},[55,102181,66],{"class":65},[55,102183,10088],{"class":69},[55,102185,152],{"class":130},[55,102187,83],{"class":69},[55,102189,976],{"class":130},[55,102191,83],{"class":69},[55,102193,2036],{"class":130},[55,102195,83],{"class":69},[55,102197,2042],{"class":130},[55,102199,8906],{"class":69},[55,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216,102218],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102203,2169],{"class":61},[55,102205,66],{"class":65},[55,102207,10088],{"class":69},[55,102209,609],{"class":130},[55,102211,83],{"class":69},[55,102213,2042],{"class":130},[55,102215,83],{"class":69},[55,102217,4196],{"class":130},[55,102219,8906],{"class":69},[55,102221,102222],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,102223,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,102225,102226,102228,102230,102232],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,102227,117],{"class":116},[55,102229,120],{"class":69},[55,102231,194],{"class":123},[55,102233,103],{"class":69},[55,102235,102236,102238,102240,102242],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,102237,117],{"class":116},[55,102239,120],{"class":69},[55,102241,786],{"class":123},[55,102243,103],{"class":69},[55,102245,102246,102248,102250,102252,102254,102256,102258,102260],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,102247,117],{"class":116},[55,102249,120],{"class":69},[55,102251,194],{"class":123},[55,102253,198],{"class":69},[55,102255,2399],{"class":123},[55,102257,120],{"class":69},[55,102259,786],{"class":123},[55,102261,1357],{"class":69},[55,102263,102264,102266,102268,102270,102272,102274,102276,102278,102280,102282],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,102265,117],{"class":116},[55,102267,120],{"class":69},[55,102269,1396],{"class":850},[55,102271,120],{"class":69},[55,102273,194],{"class":123},[55,102275,198],{"class":69},[55,102277,2399],{"class":123},[55,102279,120],{"class":69},[55,102281,786],{"class":123},[55,102283,2499],{"class":69},[55,102285,102286,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,102287,117],{"class":116},[55,102289,120],{"class":69},[55,102291,940],{"class":116},[55,102293,120],{"class":69},[55,102295,194],{"class":123},[55,102297,198],{"class":69},[55,102299,2399],{"class":123},[55,102301,120],{"class":69},[55,102303,786],{"class":123},[55,102305,2499],{"class":69},[14,102307,10768],{},[21,102309,102310,102313,102316,102319],{},[24,102311,102312],{},"what is in each set",[24,102314,102315],{},"what result Python creates",[24,102317,102318],{},"that the result is a set",[24,102320,102321],{},"how many items remain",[44514,102323],{},[37,102325,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,102327,12304,102329,102331],{"id":102328},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[52,102330,100006],{}," change the original set?",[14,102333,102334],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[1425,102336,4771,102338,3983,102340,2078],{"id":102337},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[52,102339,100006],{},[52,102341,100917],{},[14,102343,102344,102346,102347,102349],{},[52,102345,100006],{}," returns a new set. ",[52,102348,100917],{}," modifies the original set.",[1425,102351,27925,102353,102355],{"id":102352},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[52,102354,100006],{}," with more than two sets?",[14,102357,102358],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[1425,102360,102362],{"id":102361},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[14,102364,102365],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44514,102367],{},[37,102369,1495],{"id":1494},[21,102371,102372,102376,102384],{},[24,102373,102374],{},[194,102375,95920],{"href":97091},[24,102377,102378],{},[194,102379,96406,102381,10339],{"href":102380},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[52,102382,102383],{},"intersection()",[24,102385,102386],{},[194,102387,96406,102389,10339],{"href":102388},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[52,102390,102391],{},"union()",[1524,102393,102394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":102396},[102397,102398,102400,102401,102402,102403,102405,102410,102412,102420,102429],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":100128,"depth":106,"text":102399},"What difference() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":100747,"depth":106,"text":102404},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100912,"depth":106,"text":102406,"children":102407},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102408,102409],{"id":2399,"depth":113,"text":100006},{"id":101065,"depth":113,"text":100917},{"id":101184,"depth":106,"text":102411},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":102413},[102414,102415,102416,102417,102418,102419],{"id":101454,"depth":113,"text":101455},{"id":101642,"depth":113,"text":101643},{"id":101793,"depth":113,"text":101794},{"id":101956,"depth":113,"text":101957},{"id":102041,"depth":113,"text":102042},{"id":102166,"depth":113,"text":102167},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":102421},[102422,102424,102426,102428],{"id":102328,"depth":113,"text":102423},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102337,"depth":113,"text":102425},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102352,"depth":113,"text":102427},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102361,"depth":113,"text":102362},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99998,"description":102430},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102437,"title":102438,"body":102439,"description":104134,"extension":1546,"meta":104135,"navigation":109,"path":104136,"seo":104137,"stem":104138,"__hash__":104139},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102440,"toc":104096},[102441,102447,102453,102466,102468,102569,102571,102616,102621,102626,102630,102644,102647,102655,102657,102676,102694,102698,102751,102753,102774,102781,102786,102813,102820,102919,102921,102958,102966,102970,102976,102979,103052,103054,103062,103067,103136,103138,103163,103165,103168,103271,103273,103334,103337,103341,103347,103420,103422,103455,103458,103461,103501,103507,103530,103535,103539,103550,103553,103555,103559,103565,103567,103624,103634,103636,103689,103696,103701,103769,103777,103783,103787,103789,103828,103833,103882,103886,103889,103891,103930,103933,103935,103940,103997,103999,104013,104015,104019,104025,104030,104035,104042,104053,104059,104064,104066,104093],[10,102442,95792,102444,10920],{"id":102443},"python-set-discard-method",[52,102445,102446],{},"discard()",[14,102448,102449,102452],{},[52,102450,102451],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[14,102454,102455,102456,1773,102461,13650,102463,102465],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[194,102457,102458],{"href":97801},[52,102459,102460],{},"set.remove()",[52,102462,102446],{},[3332,102464,4222],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[37,102467,1588],{"id":1587},[45,102469,102471],{"className":47,"code":102470,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[52,102472,102473,102505,102524,102534,102538,102559],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102474,102475,102477,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491,102493,102495,102497,102499,102501,102503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102476,62],{"class":61},[55,102478,66],{"class":65},[55,102480,10088],{"class":69},[55,102482,74],{"class":73},[55,102484,78],{"class":77},[55,102486,74],{"class":73},[55,102488,83],{"class":69},[55,102490,86],{"class":73},[55,102492,98],{"class":77},[55,102494,74],{"class":73},[55,102496,83],{"class":69},[55,102498,86],{"class":73},[55,102500,89],{"class":77},[55,102502,74],{"class":73},[55,102504,8906],{"class":69},[55,102506,102507,102509,102511,102514,102516,102518,102520,102522],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102508,124],{"class":61},[55,102510,198],{"class":69},[55,102512,102513],{"class":123},"discard",[55,102515,120],{"class":69},[55,102517,74],{"class":73},[55,102519,98],{"class":77},[55,102521,74],{"class":73},[55,102523,103],{"class":69},[55,102525,102526,102528,102530,102532],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,102527,117],{"class":116},[55,102529,120],{"class":69},[55,102531,124],{"class":123},[55,102533,103],{"class":69},[55,102535,102536],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,102537,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,102539,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,102541,124],{"class":61},[55,102543,198],{"class":69},[55,102545,102513],{"class":123},[55,102547,120],{"class":69},[55,102549,74],{"class":73},[55,102551,1285],{"class":77},[55,102553,74],{"class":73},[55,102555,970],{"class":69},[55,102557,102558],{"class":137},"  # no error if missing\n",[55,102560,102561,102563,102565,102567],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,102562,117],{"class":116},[55,102564,120],{"class":69},[55,102566,124],{"class":123},[55,102568,103],{"class":69},[14,102570,29627],{},[45,102572,102574],{"className":47,"code":102573,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[52,102575,102576,102596],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102577,102578,102580,102582,102584,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102579,8875],{"class":69},[55,102581,2889],{"class":73},[55,102583,78],{"class":77},[55,102585,2889],{"class":73},[55,102587,83],{"class":69},[55,102589,2884],{"class":73},[55,102591,89],{"class":77},[55,102593,2889],{"class":73},[55,102595,8906],{"class":69},[55,102597,102598,102600,102602,102604,102606,102608,102610,102612,102614],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102599,8875],{"class":69},[55,102601,2889],{"class":73},[55,102603,78],{"class":77},[55,102605,2889],{"class":73},[55,102607,83],{"class":69},[55,102609,2884],{"class":73},[55,102611,89],{"class":77},[55,102613,2889],{"class":73},[55,102615,8906],{"class":69},[14,102617,1440,102618,102620],{},[52,102619,102446],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[37,102622,3265,102624,3268],{"id":102623},"what-setdiscard-does",[52,102625,102451],{},[14,102627,102628,854],{},[52,102629,102446],{},[21,102631,102632,102635,102638,102640],{},[24,102633,102634],{},"Removes one item from a set",[24,102636,102637],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[24,102639,95907],{},[24,102641,11022,102642],{},[52,102643,3368],{},[14,102645,102646],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[14,102648,95916,102649,2465,102652,198],{},[194,102650,102651],{"href":98383},"what a set is in Python",[194,102653,102654],{"href":97475},"how to create a set",[37,102656,1740],{"id":1739},[45,102658,102660],{"className":47,"code":102659,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[52,102661,102662],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102663,102664,102666,102668,102670,102672,102674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102665,15264],{"class":61},[55,102667,198],{"class":69},[55,102669,102513],{"class":123},[55,102671,120],{"class":69},[55,102673,2058],{"class":123},[55,102675,103],{"class":69},[21,102677,102678,102683,102688,102691],{},[24,102679,102680,102682],{},[52,102681,15264],{}," is the set you want to change",[24,102684,102685,102687],{},[52,102686,2058],{}," is the item you want to remove",[24,102689,102690],{},"The set must already exist",[24,102692,102693],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[1425,102695,102697],{"id":102696},"example","Example",[45,102699,102701],{"className":47,"code":102700,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,102702,102703,102727,102741],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102704,102705,102707,102709,102711,102713,102715,102717,102719,102721,102723,102725],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102706,243],{"class":61},[55,102708,66],{"class":65},[55,102710,10088],{"class":69},[55,102712,152],{"class":130},[55,102714,83],{"class":69},[55,102716,976],{"class":130},[55,102718,83],{"class":69},[55,102720,2036],{"class":130},[55,102722,83],{"class":69},[55,102724,2042],{"class":130},[55,102726,8906],{"class":69},[55,102728,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102730,275],{"class":61},[55,102732,198],{"class":69},[55,102734,102513],{"class":123},[55,102736,120],{"class":69},[55,102738,609],{"class":130},[55,102740,103],{"class":69},[55,102742,102743,102745,102747,102749],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,102744,117],{"class":116},[55,102746,120],{"class":69},[55,102748,275],{"class":123},[55,102750,103],{"class":69},[14,102752,314],{},[45,102754,102756],{"className":47,"code":102755,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[52,102757,102758],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102759,102760,102762,102764,102766,102768,102770,102772],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102761,8875],{"class":69},[55,102763,152],{"class":130},[55,102765,83],{"class":69},[55,102767,976],{"class":130},[55,102769,83],{"class":69},[55,102771,2042],{"class":130},[55,102773,8906],{"class":69},[37,102775,102777,102778,102780],{"id":102776},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[52,102779,102446],{}," different",[14,102782,102783,102785],{},[52,102784,102446],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[21,102787,102788,102801,102810],{},[24,102789,102790,102791,1773,102795,102797,102798,102800],{},"Unlike ",[194,102792,102793],{"href":97801},[52,102794,55125],{},[52,102796,102446],{}," does not raise ",[52,102799,19284],{}," when the item is missing",[24,102802,102790,102803,1773,102807,102809],{},[194,102804,102805],{"href":97806},[52,102806,12363],{},[52,102808,102446],{}," removes a specific item",[24,102811,102812],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[1425,102814,102816,10183,102818],{"id":102815},"discard-vs-remove",[52,102817,102446],{},[52,102819,55125],{},[45,102821,102823],{"className":47,"code":102822,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[52,102824,102825,102849,102853,102874,102884,102888,102909],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102826,102827,102829,102831,102833,102835,102837,102839,102841,102843,102845,102847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102828,7375],{"class":61},[55,102830,66],{"class":65},[55,102832,10088],{"class":69},[55,102834,74],{"class":73},[55,102836,407],{"class":77},[55,102838,74],{"class":73},[55,102840,83],{"class":69},[55,102842,86],{"class":73},[55,102844,416],{"class":77},[55,102846,74],{"class":73},[55,102848,8906],{"class":69},[55,102850,102851],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102852,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,102854,102855,102857,102859,102861,102863,102865,102867,102869,102871],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,102856,7404],{"class":61},[55,102858,198],{"class":69},[55,102860,102513],{"class":123},[55,102862,120],{"class":69},[55,102864,74],{"class":73},[55,102866,32820],{"class":77},[55,102868,74],{"class":73},[55,102870,970],{"class":69},[55,102872,102873],{"class":137},"   # no error\n",[55,102875,102876,102878,102880,102882],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,102877,117],{"class":116},[55,102879,120],{"class":69},[55,102881,7404],{"class":123},[55,102883,103],{"class":69},[55,102885,102886],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,102887,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,102889,102890,102892,102894,102896,102898,102900,102902,102904,102906],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,102891,7404],{"class":61},[55,102893,198],{"class":69},[55,102895,34394],{"class":123},[55,102897,120],{"class":69},[55,102899,74],{"class":73},[55,102901,416],{"class":77},[55,102903,74],{"class":73},[55,102905,970],{"class":69},[55,102907,102908],{"class":137},"    # removes existing item\n",[55,102910,102911,102913,102915,102917],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,102912,117],{"class":116},[55,102914,120],{"class":69},[55,102916,7404],{"class":123},[55,102918,103],{"class":69},[14,102920,314],{},[45,102922,102924],{"className":47,"code":102923,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[52,102925,102926,102946],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102927,102928,102930,102932,102934,102936,102938,102940,102942,102944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102929,8875],{"class":69},[55,102931,2889],{"class":73},[55,102933,407],{"class":77},[55,102935,2889],{"class":73},[55,102937,83],{"class":69},[55,102939,2884],{"class":73},[55,102941,416],{"class":77},[55,102943,2889],{"class":73},[55,102945,8906],{"class":69},[55,102947,102948,102950,102952,102954,102956],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,102949,8875],{"class":69},[55,102951,2889],{"class":73},[55,102953,407],{"class":77},[55,102955,2889],{"class":73},[55,102957,8906],{"class":69},[14,102959,39939,102960,102962,102963,102965],{},[52,102961,55125],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[194,102964,10674],{"href":10673}," for more help with that case.",[37,102967,102969],{"id":102968},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[14,102971,102972,1981,102974,198],{},[52,102973,102446],{},[52,102975,3368],{},[14,102977,102978],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[45,102980,102982],{"className":47,"code":102981,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,102983,102984,103016,103038,103042],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,102985,102986,102988,102990,102992,102994,102996,102998,103000,103002,103004,103006,103008,103010,103012,103014],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,102987,62],{"class":61},[55,102989,66],{"class":65},[55,102991,10088],{"class":69},[55,102993,74],{"class":73},[55,102995,78],{"class":77},[55,102997,74],{"class":73},[55,102999,83],{"class":69},[55,103001,86],{"class":73},[55,103003,98],{"class":77},[55,103005,74],{"class":73},[55,103007,83],{"class":69},[55,103009,86],{"class":73},[55,103011,89],{"class":77},[55,103013,74],{"class":73},[55,103015,8906],{"class":69},[55,103017,103018,103020,103022,103024,103026,103028,103030,103032,103034,103036],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103019,1814],{"class":61},[55,103021,66],{"class":65},[55,103023,12721],{"class":61},[55,103025,198],{"class":69},[55,103027,102513],{"class":123},[55,103029,120],{"class":69},[55,103031,74],{"class":73},[55,103033,98],{"class":77},[55,103035,74],{"class":73},[55,103037,103],{"class":69},[55,103039,103040],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103041,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103043,103044,103046,103048,103050],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,103045,117],{"class":116},[55,103047,120],{"class":69},[55,103049,1849],{"class":123},[55,103051,103],{"class":69},[14,103053,314],{},[45,103055,103056],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,103057,103058],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103059,103060],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103061,11407],{"class":3443},[14,103063,103064,103065,854],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[52,103066,124],{},[45,103068,103070],{"className":47,"code":103069,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[52,103071,103072,103104,103122,103126],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103073,103074,103076,103078,103080,103082,103084,103086,103088,103090,103092,103094,103096,103098,103100,103102],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103075,62],{"class":61},[55,103077,66],{"class":65},[55,103079,10088],{"class":69},[55,103081,74],{"class":73},[55,103083,78],{"class":77},[55,103085,74],{"class":73},[55,103087,83],{"class":69},[55,103089,86],{"class":73},[55,103091,98],{"class":77},[55,103093,74],{"class":73},[55,103095,83],{"class":69},[55,103097,86],{"class":73},[55,103099,89],{"class":77},[55,103101,74],{"class":73},[55,103103,8906],{"class":69},[55,103105,103106,103108,103110,103112,103114,103116,103118,103120],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103107,124],{"class":61},[55,103109,198],{"class":69},[55,103111,102513],{"class":123},[55,103113,120],{"class":69},[55,103115,74],{"class":73},[55,103117,98],{"class":77},[55,103119,74],{"class":73},[55,103121,103],{"class":69},[55,103123,103124],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103125,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103127,103128,103130,103132,103134],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,103129,117],{"class":116},[55,103131,120],{"class":69},[55,103133,124],{"class":123},[55,103135,103],{"class":69},[14,103137,314],{},[45,103139,103141],{"className":47,"code":103140,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[52,103142,103143],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103144,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153,103155,103157,103159,103161],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103146,8875],{"class":69},[55,103148,2889],{"class":73},[55,103150,78],{"class":77},[55,103152,2889],{"class":73},[55,103154,83],{"class":69},[55,103156,2884],{"class":73},[55,103158,89],{"class":77},[55,103160,2889],{"class":73},[55,103162,8906],{"class":69},[37,103164,11073],{"id":11072},[14,103166,103167],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[45,103169,103171],{"className":47,"code":103170,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[52,103172,103173,103205,103209,103227,103231,103249,103253],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103174,103175,103177,103179,103181,103183,103185,103187,103189,103191,103193,103195,103197,103199,103201,103203],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103176,398],{"class":61},[55,103178,66],{"class":65},[55,103180,10088],{"class":69},[55,103182,74],{"class":73},[55,103184,407],{"class":77},[55,103186,74],{"class":73},[55,103188,83],{"class":69},[55,103190,86],{"class":73},[55,103192,416],{"class":77},[55,103194,74],{"class":73},[55,103196,83],{"class":69},[55,103198,86],{"class":73},[55,103200,32820],{"class":77},[55,103202,74],{"class":73},[55,103204,8906],{"class":69},[55,103206,103207],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103208,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103210,103211,103213,103215,103217,103219,103221,103223,103225],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103212,117],{"class":116},[55,103214,120],{"class":69},[55,103216,74],{"class":73},[55,103218,11162],{"class":77},[55,103220,74],{"class":73},[55,103222,83],{"class":69},[55,103224,52447],{"class":123},[55,103226,103],{"class":69},[55,103228,103229],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,103230,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103232,103233,103235,103237,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,103234,442],{"class":61},[55,103236,198],{"class":69},[55,103238,102513],{"class":123},[55,103240,120],{"class":69},[55,103242,74],{"class":73},[55,103244,416],{"class":77},[55,103246,74],{"class":73},[55,103248,103],{"class":69},[55,103250,103251],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,103252,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103254,103255,103257,103259,103261,103263,103265,103267,103269],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,103256,117],{"class":116},[55,103258,120],{"class":69},[55,103260,74],{"class":73},[55,103262,11202],{"class":77},[55,103264,74],{"class":73},[55,103266,83],{"class":69},[55,103268,52447],{"class":123},[55,103270,103],{"class":69},[14,103272,314],{},[45,103274,103276],{"className":47,"code":103275,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[52,103277,103278,103310],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103279,103280,103282,103284,103286,103288,103290,103292,103294,103296,103298,103300,103302,103304,103306,103308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103281,11222],{"class":61},[55,103283,854],{"class":69},[55,103285,10088],{"class":69},[55,103287,2889],{"class":73},[55,103289,416],{"class":77},[55,103291,2889],{"class":73},[55,103293,83],{"class":69},[55,103295,2884],{"class":73},[55,103297,407],{"class":77},[55,103299,2889],{"class":73},[55,103301,83],{"class":69},[55,103303,2884],{"class":73},[55,103305,32820],{"class":77},[55,103307,2889],{"class":73},[55,103309,8906],{"class":69},[55,103311,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326,103328,103330,103332],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103313,11275],{"class":61},[55,103315,854],{"class":69},[55,103317,10088],{"class":69},[55,103319,2889],{"class":73},[55,103321,407],{"class":77},[55,103323,2889],{"class":73},[55,103325,83],{"class":69},[55,103327,2884],{"class":73},[55,103329,32820],{"class":77},[55,103331,2889],{"class":73},[55,103333,8906],{"class":69},[14,103335,103336],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[37,103338,103340],{"id":103339},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[14,103342,103343,103344,103346],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[52,103345,102446],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[45,103348,103350],{"className":47,"code":103349,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[52,103351,103352,103384,103388,103406,103410],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103353,103354,103356,103358,103360,103362,103364,103366,103368,103370,103372,103374,103376,103378,103380,103382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103355,398],{"class":61},[55,103357,66],{"class":65},[55,103359,10088],{"class":69},[55,103361,74],{"class":73},[55,103363,407],{"class":77},[55,103365,74],{"class":73},[55,103367,83],{"class":69},[55,103369,86],{"class":73},[55,103371,416],{"class":77},[55,103373,74],{"class":73},[55,103375,83],{"class":69},[55,103377,86],{"class":73},[55,103379,32820],{"class":77},[55,103381,74],{"class":73},[55,103383,8906],{"class":69},[55,103385,103386],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103387,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103389,103390,103392,103394,103396,103398,103400,103402,103404],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103391,442],{"class":61},[55,103393,198],{"class":69},[55,103395,102513],{"class":123},[55,103397,120],{"class":69},[55,103399,74],{"class":73},[55,103401,22129],{"class":77},[55,103403,74],{"class":73},[55,103405,103],{"class":69},[55,103407,103408],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,103409,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103411,103412,103414,103416,103418],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,103413,117],{"class":116},[55,103415,120],{"class":69},[55,103417,442],{"class":123},[55,103419,103],{"class":69},[14,103421,314],{},[45,103423,103425],{"className":47,"code":103424,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[52,103426,103427],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103428,103429,103431,103433,103435,103437,103439,103441,103443,103445,103447,103449,103451,103453],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103430,8875],{"class":69},[55,103432,2889],{"class":73},[55,103434,416],{"class":77},[55,103436,2889],{"class":73},[55,103438,83],{"class":69},[55,103440,2884],{"class":73},[55,103442,407],{"class":77},[55,103444,2889],{"class":73},[55,103446,83],{"class":69},[55,103448,2884],{"class":73},[55,103450,32820],{"class":77},[55,103452,2889],{"class":73},[55,103454,8906],{"class":69},[14,103456,103457],{},"No error happens here.",[14,103459,103460],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[45,103462,103464],{"className":47,"code":103463,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[52,103465,103466,103482],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103467,103468,103470,103472,103474,103476,103478,103480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103469,960],{"class":959},[55,103471,86],{"class":73},[55,103473,22129],{"class":77},[55,103475,74],{"class":73},[55,103477,20770],{"class":65},[55,103479,52447],{"class":61},[55,103481,979],{"class":69},[55,103483,103484,103487,103489,103491,103493,103495,103497,103499],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103485,103486],{"class":61},"    fruits",[55,103488,198],{"class":69},[55,103490,34394],{"class":123},[55,103492,120],{"class":69},[55,103494,74],{"class":73},[55,103496,22129],{"class":77},[55,103498,74],{"class":73},[55,103500,103],{"class":69},[14,103502,103503,103504,103506],{},"With ",[52,103505,102446],{},", you can simply write:",[45,103508,103510],{"className":47,"code":103509,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[52,103511,103512],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103513,103514,103516,103518,103520,103522,103524,103526,103528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103515,442],{"class":61},[55,103517,198],{"class":69},[55,103519,102513],{"class":123},[55,103521,120],{"class":69},[55,103523,74],{"class":73},[55,103525,22129],{"class":77},[55,103527,74],{"class":73},[55,103529,103],{"class":69},[37,103531,4553,103533],{"id":103532},"when-to-use-discard",[52,103534,102446],{},[14,103536,1440,103537,10199],{},[52,103538,102446],{},[21,103540,103541,103544,103547],{},[24,103542,103543],{},"Missing values are normal",[24,103545,103546],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[24,103548,103549],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[14,103551,103552],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[37,103554,1298],{"id":1297},[14,103556,8042,103557,198],{},[52,103558,102446],{},[1425,103560,8048,103562,103564],{"id":103561},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[52,103563,102446],{}," to return the changed set",[14,103566,4116],{},[45,103568,103570],{"className":47,"code":103569,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,103571,103572,103592,103610,103614],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103573,103574,103576,103578,103580,103582,103584,103586,103588,103590],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103575,243],{"class":61},[55,103577,66],{"class":65},[55,103579,10088],{"class":69},[55,103581,152],{"class":130},[55,103583,83],{"class":69},[55,103585,976],{"class":130},[55,103587,83],{"class":69},[55,103589,2036],{"class":130},[55,103591,8906],{"class":69},[55,103593,103594,103596,103598,103600,103602,103604,103606,103608],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103595,243],{"class":61},[55,103597,66],{"class":65},[55,103599,3852],{"class":61},[55,103601,198],{"class":69},[55,103603,102513],{"class":123},[55,103605,120],{"class":69},[55,103607,309],{"class":130},[55,103609,103],{"class":69},[55,103611,103612],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103613,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103615,103616,103618,103620,103622],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,103617,117],{"class":116},[55,103619,120],{"class":69},[55,103621,275],{"class":123},[55,103623,103],{"class":69},[14,103625,103626,41752,103628,8197,103630,1981,103632,198],{},[52,103627,275],{},[52,103629,3368],{},[52,103631,102446],{},[52,103633,3368],{},[14,103635,18438],{},[45,103637,103639],{"className":47,"code":103638,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,103640,103641,103661,103675,103679],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103642,103643,103645,103647,103649,103651,103653,103655,103657,103659],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103644,243],{"class":61},[55,103646,66],{"class":65},[55,103648,10088],{"class":69},[55,103650,152],{"class":130},[55,103652,83],{"class":69},[55,103654,976],{"class":130},[55,103656,83],{"class":69},[55,103658,2036],{"class":130},[55,103660,8906],{"class":69},[55,103662,103663,103665,103667,103669,103671,103673],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103664,275],{"class":61},[55,103666,198],{"class":69},[55,103668,102513],{"class":123},[55,103670,120],{"class":69},[55,103672,309],{"class":130},[55,103674,103],{"class":69},[55,103676,103677],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103678,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,103680,103681,103683,103685,103687],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,103682,117],{"class":116},[55,103684,120],{"class":69},[55,103686,275],{"class":123},[55,103688,103],{"class":69},[1425,103690,36800,103692,8301,103694],{"id":103691},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[52,103693,102446],{},[52,103695,55125],{},[14,103697,103698,103699,198],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[52,103700,102446],{},[45,103702,103704],{"className":47,"code":103703,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[52,103705,103706,103738,103759],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103707,103708,103710,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726,103728,103730,103732,103734,103736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103709,769],{"class":61},[55,103711,66],{"class":65},[55,103713,10088],{"class":69},[55,103715,74],{"class":73},[55,103717,194],{"class":77},[55,103719,74],{"class":73},[55,103721,83],{"class":69},[55,103723,86],{"class":73},[55,103725,786],{"class":77},[55,103727,74],{"class":73},[55,103729,83],{"class":69},[55,103731,86],{"class":73},[55,103733,795],{"class":77},[55,103735,74],{"class":73},[55,103737,8906],{"class":69},[55,103739,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748,103750,103752,103754,103756],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103741,812],{"class":61},[55,103743,198],{"class":69},[55,103745,102513],{"class":123},[55,103747,120],{"class":69},[55,103749,74],{"class":73},[55,103751,21674],{"class":77},[55,103753,74],{"class":73},[55,103755,970],{"class":69},[55,103757,103758],{"class":137},"   # safe\n",[55,103760,103761,103763,103765,103767],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103762,117],{"class":116},[55,103764,120],{"class":69},[55,103766,812],{"class":123},[55,103768,103],{"class":69},[14,103770,103771,103772,45506,103775,198],{},"If you use ",[52,103773,103774],{},"remove(\"z\")",[52,103776,19284],{},[1425,103778,25214,103780,103782],{"id":103779},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[52,103781,102446],{}," on a list instead of a set",[14,103784,103785,101799],{},[52,103786,102446],{},[14,103788,16241],{},[45,103790,103792],{"className":47,"code":103791,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[52,103793,103794,103814],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103795,103796,103798,103800,103802,103804,103806,103808,103810,103812],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103797,7375],{"class":61},[55,103799,66],{"class":65},[55,103801,3211],{"class":69},[55,103803,152],{"class":130},[55,103805,83],{"class":69},[55,103807,976],{"class":130},[55,103809,83],{"class":69},[55,103811,2036],{"class":130},[55,103813,386],{"class":69},[55,103815,103816,103818,103820,103822,103824,103826],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103817,7404],{"class":61},[55,103819,198],{"class":69},[55,103821,102513],{"class":123},[55,103823,120],{"class":69},[55,103825,309],{"class":130},[55,103827,103],{"class":69},[14,103829,103830,103831,854],{},"Use a set if you need ",[52,103832,102446],{},[45,103834,103836],{"className":47,"code":103835,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[52,103837,103838,103858,103872],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103839,103840,103842,103844,103846,103848,103850,103852,103854,103856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103841,7375],{"class":61},[55,103843,66],{"class":65},[55,103845,10088],{"class":69},[55,103847,152],{"class":130},[55,103849,83],{"class":69},[55,103851,976],{"class":130},[55,103853,83],{"class":69},[55,103855,2036],{"class":130},[55,103857,8906],{"class":69},[55,103859,103860,103862,103864,103866,103868,103870],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103861,7404],{"class":61},[55,103863,198],{"class":69},[55,103865,102513],{"class":123},[55,103867,120],{"class":69},[55,103869,309],{"class":130},[55,103871,103],{"class":69},[55,103873,103874,103876,103878,103880],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103875,117],{"class":116},[55,103877,120],{"class":69},[55,103879,7404],{"class":123},[55,103881,103],{"class":69},[1425,103883,103885],{"id":103884},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[14,103887,103888],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[14,103890,2423],{},[45,103892,103894],{"className":47,"code":103893,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[52,103895,103896,103916],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103897,103898,103900,103902,103904,103906,103908,103910,103912,103914],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103899,8763],{"class":61},[55,103901,66],{"class":65},[55,103903,10088],{"class":69},[55,103905,152],{"class":130},[55,103907,83],{"class":69},[55,103909,976],{"class":130},[55,103911,83],{"class":69},[55,103913,2036],{"class":130},[55,103915,8906],{"class":69},[55,103917,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103919,8802],{"class":61},[55,103921,198],{"class":69},[55,103923,102513],{"class":123},[55,103925,2573],{"class":69},[55,103927,309],{"class":130},[55,103929,282],{"class":69},[14,103931,103932],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[37,103934,8469],{"id":8468},[14,103936,8472,103937,103939],{},[52,103938,102446],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[45,103941,103943],{"className":47,"code":103942,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[52,103944,103945,103955,103969,103983],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,103946,103947,103949,103951,103953],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,103948,117],{"class":116},[55,103950,120],{"class":69},[55,103952,15264],{"class":123},[55,103954,103],{"class":69},[55,103956,103957,103959,103961,103963,103965,103967],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,103958,117],{"class":116},[55,103960,120],{"class":69},[55,103962,1396],{"class":850},[55,103964,120],{"class":69},[55,103966,15264],{"class":123},[55,103968,1357],{"class":69},[55,103970,103971,103973,103975,103977,103979,103981],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,103972,117],{"class":116},[55,103974,120],{"class":69},[55,103976,2031],{"class":123},[55,103978,3474],{"class":959},[55,103980,96516],{"class":123},[55,103982,103],{"class":69},[55,103984,103985,103987,103989,103991,103993,103995],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,103986,31751],{"class":116},[55,103988,120],{"class":69},[55,103990,5881],{"class":850},[55,103992,198],{"class":69},[55,103994,102513],{"class":24347},[55,103996,103],{"class":69},[14,103998,10768],{},[21,104000,104001,104004,104007,104010],{},[24,104002,104003],{},"What is currently in the set",[24,104005,104006],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[24,104008,104009],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[24,104011,104012],{},"How Python documents the method",[37,104014,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,104016,104018],{"id":104017},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[14,104020,104021,104022,104024],{},"Nothing happens. ",[52,104023,102446],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[1425,104026,4733,104028,12316],{"id":104027},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[52,104029,102451],{},[14,104031,4739,104032,104034],{},[52,104033,3368],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[1425,104036,4771,104038,3983,104040,2078],{"id":104037},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[52,104039,102446],{},[52,104041,55125],{},[14,104043,104044,104045,26134,104047,104049,104050,104052],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[52,104046,55125],{},[52,104048,19284],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[52,104051,102446],{}," does not.",[1425,104054,27925,104056,104058],{"id":104055},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[52,104057,102446],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[14,104060,45963,104061,104063],{},[52,104062,102446],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[37,104065,1495],{"id":1494},[21,104067,104068,104074,104080,104085,104089],{},[24,104069,104070],{},[194,104071,96406,104072,10339],{"href":97801},[52,104073,55125],{},[24,104075,104076],{},[194,104077,96406,104078,10339],{"href":97806},[52,104079,12363],{},[24,104081,104082],{},[194,104083,104084],{"href":97475},"Python set: creating a set",[24,104086,104087],{},[194,104088,99941],{"href":98383},[24,104090,104091],{},[194,104092,10860],{"href":10673},[1524,104094,104095],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":104097},[104098,104099,104101,104104,104109,104110,104111,104112,104114,104123,104124,104133],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":102623,"depth":106,"text":104100},"What set.discard() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":104102},[104103],{"id":102696,"depth":113,"text":102697},{"id":102776,"depth":106,"text":104105,"children":104106},"What makes discard() different",[104107],{"id":102815,"depth":113,"text":104108},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102968,"depth":106,"text":102969},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":103339,"depth":106,"text":103340},{"id":103532,"depth":106,"text":104113},"When to use discard()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":104115},[104116,104118,104120,104122],{"id":103561,"depth":113,"text":104117},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103691,"depth":113,"text":104119},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103779,"depth":113,"text":104121},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103884,"depth":113,"text":103885},{"id":8468,"depth":106,"text":8469},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":104125},[104126,104127,104129,104131],{"id":104017,"depth":113,"text":104018},{"id":104027,"depth":113,"text":104128},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104037,"depth":113,"text":104130},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104055,"depth":113,"text":104132},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102438,"description":104134},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104141,"title":104142,"body":104143,"description":106149,"extension":1546,"meta":106150,"navigation":109,"path":106151,"seo":106152,"stem":106153,"__hash__":106154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104144,"toc":106107},[104145,104148,104156,104161,104172,104174,104229,104233,104253,104258,104262,104267,104269,104283,104285,104360,104362,104395,104400,104405,104407,104409,104424,104427,104435,104440,104455,104457,104546,104548,104637,104643,104647,104649,104687,104689,104713,104716,104731,104733,104788,104790,104823,104825,104830,104834,104838,104843,104908,104910,104930,104936,104940,104997,104999,105020,105024,105029,105074,105076,105109,105112,105116,105149,105151,105180,105184,105188,105191,105193,105212,105214,105260,105265,105279,105281,105312,105317,105320,105364,105366,105394,105398,105402,105418,105421,105486,105488,105500,105503,105507,105510,105515,105543,105545,105563,105569,105608,105610,105628,105634,105663,105665,105683,105686,105703,105705,105710,105714,105717,105743,105750,105755,105770,105779,105783,105786,105817,105823,105826,105835,105838,105840,105842,105900,105903,105928,105930,105934,105937,105941,105949,105953,105956,105960,105963,105965,105988,105990,106031,106038,106046,106049,106080,106082,106104],[10,104146,104142],{"id":104147},"python-set-function-explained",[14,104149,8720,104150,104152,104153,198],{},[52,104151,3387],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3332,104154,104155],{},"unique values only",[14,104157,35006,104158,104160],{},[52,104159,3387],{}," to:",[21,104162,104163,104166,104169],{},[24,104164,104165],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[24,104167,104168],{},"check whether a value exists",[24,104170,104171],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[37,104173,1588],{"id":1587},[45,104175,104177],{"className":47,"code":104176,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[52,104178,104179,104203,104218],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104180,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104182,243],{"class":61},[55,104184,66],{"class":65},[55,104186,3211],{"class":69},[55,104188,152],{"class":130},[55,104190,83],{"class":69},[55,104192,976],{"class":130},[55,104194,83],{"class":69},[55,104196,976],{"class":130},[55,104198,83],{"class":69},[55,104200,2036],{"class":130},[55,104202,386],{"class":69},[55,104204,104205,104208,104210,104212,104214,104216],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104206,104207],{"class":61},"unique_numbers ",[55,104209,66],{"class":65},[55,104211,15231],{"class":850},[55,104213,120],{"class":69},[55,104215,275],{"class":123},[55,104217,103],{"class":69},[55,104219,104220,104222,104224,104227],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104221,117],{"class":116},[55,104223,120],{"class":69},[55,104225,104226],{"class":123},"unique_numbers",[55,104228,103],{"class":69},[14,104230,104231],{},[3332,104232,314],{},[45,104234,104235],{"className":47,"code":96199,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,104236,104237],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104238,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249,104251],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104240,8875],{"class":69},[55,104242,152],{"class":130},[55,104244,83],{"class":69},[55,104246,976],{"class":130},[55,104248,83],{"class":69},[55,104250,2036],{"class":130},[55,104252,8906],{"class":69},[14,104254,1440,104255,104257],{},[52,104256,3387],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[37,104259,104261],{"id":104260},"what-set-does","What set() does",[14,104263,104264,104266],{},[52,104265,3387],{}," creates a new set object.",[14,104268,30138],{},[21,104270,104271,104274,104277,104280],{},[24,104272,104273],{},"A set stores unique items only",[24,104275,104276],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[24,104278,104279],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[24,104281,104282],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[14,104284,233],{},[45,104286,104288],{"className":47,"code":104287,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[52,104289,104290,104330,104345,104349],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104291,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326,104328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104293,62],{"class":61},[55,104295,66],{"class":65},[55,104297,3211],{"class":69},[55,104299,74],{"class":73},[55,104301,78],{"class":77},[55,104303,74],{"class":73},[55,104305,83],{"class":69},[55,104307,86],{"class":73},[55,104309,98],{"class":77},[55,104311,74],{"class":73},[55,104313,83],{"class":69},[55,104315,86],{"class":73},[55,104317,78],{"class":77},[55,104319,74],{"class":73},[55,104321,83],{"class":69},[55,104323,86],{"class":73},[55,104325,89],{"class":77},[55,104327,74],{"class":73},[55,104329,386],{"class":69},[55,104331,104332,104335,104337,104339,104341,104343],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104333,104334],{"class":61},"unique_colors ",[55,104336,66],{"class":65},[55,104338,15231],{"class":850},[55,104340,120],{"class":69},[55,104342,124],{"class":123},[55,104344,103],{"class":69},[55,104346,104347],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104348,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,104350,104351,104353,104355,104358],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,104352,117],{"class":116},[55,104354,120],{"class":69},[55,104356,104357],{"class":123},"unique_colors",[55,104359,103],{"class":69},[14,104361,29627],{},[45,104363,104365],{"className":47,"code":104364,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[52,104366,104367],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104368,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104370,8875],{"class":69},[55,104372,2889],{"class":73},[55,104374,98],{"class":77},[55,104376,2889],{"class":73},[55,104378,83],{"class":69},[55,104380,2884],{"class":73},[55,104382,89],{"class":77},[55,104384,2889],{"class":73},[55,104386,83],{"class":69},[55,104388,2884],{"class":73},[55,104390,78],{"class":77},[55,104392,2889],{"class":73},[55,104394,8906],{"class":69},[14,104396,1871,104397,104399],{},[52,104398,64988],{}," appears only once.",[14,104401,104402,104403,198],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[194,104404,95920],{"href":95919},[37,104406,1740],{"id":1739},[14,104408,1743],{},[45,104410,104412],{"className":47,"code":104411,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set(iterable)\n",[52,104413,104414],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104415,104416,104418,104420,104422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104417,5881],{"class":850},[55,104419,120],{"class":69},[55,104421,3309],{"class":123},[55,104423,103],{"class":69},[14,104425,104426],{},"The argument is optional.",[21,104428,104429,104432],{},[24,104430,104431],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[24,104433,104434],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[14,104436,104437,104438,854],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[52,104439,3387],{},[21,104441,104442,104444,104446,104448,104452],{},[24,104443,7688],{},[24,104445,48551],{},[24,104447,60770],{},[24,104449,104450],{},[52,104451,35795],{},[24,104453,104454],{},"another set",[14,104456,1708],{},[45,104458,104460],{"className":47,"code":104459,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[52,104461,104462,104488,104510,104528],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104463,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484,104486],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104465,117],{"class":116},[55,104467,120],{"class":69},[55,104469,5881],{"class":850},[55,104471,2573],{"class":69},[55,104473,152],{"class":130},[55,104475,83],{"class":69},[55,104477,976],{"class":130},[55,104479,83],{"class":69},[55,104481,976],{"class":130},[55,104483,83],{"class":69},[55,104485,2036],{"class":130},[55,104487,2586],{"class":69},[55,104489,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506,104508],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104491,117],{"class":116},[55,104493,120],{"class":69},[55,104495,5881],{"class":850},[55,104497,5103],{"class":69},[55,104499,250],{"class":130},[55,104501,83],{"class":69},[55,104503,255],{"class":130},[55,104505,83],{"class":69},[55,104507,5598],{"class":130},[55,104509,2499],{"class":69},[55,104511,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524,104526],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104513,117],{"class":116},[55,104515,120],{"class":69},[55,104517,5881],{"class":850},[55,104519,120],{"class":69},[55,104521,74],{"class":73},[55,104523,3436],{"class":77},[55,104525,74],{"class":73},[55,104527,1357],{"class":69},[55,104529,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542,104544],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,104531,117],{"class":116},[55,104533,120],{"class":69},[55,104535,5881],{"class":850},[55,104537,120],{"class":69},[55,104539,59595],{"class":116},[55,104541,120],{"class":69},[55,104543,2091],{"class":130},[55,104545,2499],{"class":69},[14,104547,29627],{},[45,104549,104551],{"className":47,"code":104550,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[52,104552,104553,104569,104581,104617],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104554,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565,104567],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104556,8875],{"class":69},[55,104558,152],{"class":130},[55,104560,83],{"class":69},[55,104562,976],{"class":130},[55,104564,83],{"class":69},[55,104566,2036],{"class":130},[55,104568,8906],{"class":69},[55,104570,104571,104573,104575,104577,104579],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104572,8875],{"class":69},[55,104574,250],{"class":130},[55,104576,83],{"class":69},[55,104578,255],{"class":130},[55,104580,8906],{"class":69},[55,104582,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613,104615],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104584,8875],{"class":69},[55,104586,2889],{"class":73},[55,104588,60035],{"class":77},[55,104590,2889],{"class":73},[55,104592,83],{"class":69},[55,104594,2884],{"class":73},[55,104596,60044],{"class":77},[55,104598,2889],{"class":73},[55,104600,83],{"class":69},[55,104602,2884],{"class":73},[55,104604,60053],{"class":77},[55,104606,2889],{"class":73},[55,104608,83],{"class":69},[55,104610,2884],{"class":73},[55,104612,60070],{"class":77},[55,104614,2889],{"class":73},[55,104616,8906],{"class":69},[55,104618,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633,104635],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,104620,8875],{"class":69},[55,104622,131],{"class":130},[55,104624,83],{"class":69},[55,104626,5090],{"class":130},[55,104628,83],{"class":69},[55,104630,976],{"class":130},[55,104632,83],{"class":69},[55,104634,2036],{"class":130},[55,104636,8906],{"class":69},[14,104638,104639,104640,198],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[194,104641,104642],{"href":64443},"Python list() function explained",[37,104644,104646],{"id":104645},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[14,104648,97872],{},[45,104650,104651],{"className":47,"code":98837,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,104652,104653,104663,104673],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104654,104655,104657,104659,104661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104656,97882],{"class":61},[55,104658,66],{"class":65},[55,104660,15231],{"class":850},[55,104662,8239],{"class":69},[55,104664,104665,104667,104669,104671],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104666,117],{"class":116},[55,104668,120],{"class":69},[55,104670,97901],{"class":123},[55,104672,103],{"class":69},[55,104674,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683,104685],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104676,117],{"class":116},[55,104678,120],{"class":69},[55,104680,1396],{"class":850},[55,104682,120],{"class":69},[55,104684,97901],{"class":123},[55,104686,1357],{"class":69},[14,104688,314],{},[45,104690,104691],{"className":47,"code":98880,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,104692,104693,104699],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104694,104695,104697],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104696,5881],{"class":850},[55,104698,8239],{"class":69},[55,104700,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709,104711],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104702,2878],{"class":65},[55,104704,2881],{"class":1648},[55,104706,2884],{"class":73},[55,104708,5881],{"class":77},[55,104710,2889],{"class":73},[55,104712,2892],{"class":65},[14,104714,104715],{},"This is important because:",[21,104717,104718,104723],{},[24,104719,104720,104722],{},[52,104721,3387],{}," creates an empty set",[24,104724,104725,104727,104728,104730],{},[52,104726,3382],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3332,104729,4222],{}," a set",[14,104732,233],{},[45,104734,104736],{"className":47,"code":104735,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[52,104737,104738,104748,104756,104760,104774],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104739,104740,104742,104744,104746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104741,2141],{"class":61},[55,104743,66],{"class":65},[55,104745,15231],{"class":850},[55,104747,8239],{"class":69},[55,104749,104750,104752,104754],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104751,2169],{"class":61},[55,104753,66],{"class":65},[55,104755,9435],{"class":69},[55,104757,104758],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104759,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,104761,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770,104772],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,104763,117],{"class":116},[55,104765,120],{"class":69},[55,104767,1396],{"class":850},[55,104769,120],{"class":69},[55,104771,194],{"class":123},[55,104773,1357],{"class":69},[55,104775,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784,104786],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,104777,117],{"class":116},[55,104779,120],{"class":69},[55,104781,1396],{"class":850},[55,104783,120],{"class":69},[55,104785,786],{"class":123},[55,104787,1357],{"class":69},[14,104789,314],{},[45,104791,104793],{"className":47,"code":104792,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[52,104794,104795,104809],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104796,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104798,2878],{"class":65},[55,104800,2881],{"class":1648},[55,104802,2884],{"class":73},[55,104804,5881],{"class":77},[55,104806,2889],{"class":73},[55,104808,2892],{"class":65},[55,104810,104811,104813,104815,104817,104819,104821],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104812,2878],{"class":65},[55,104814,2881],{"class":1648},[55,104816,2884],{"class":73},[55,104818,8418],{"class":77},[55,104820,2889],{"class":73},[55,104822,2892],{"class":65},[14,104824,13645],{},[14,104826,104827,104828,198],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[194,104829,104084],{"href":95923},[37,104831,104833],{"id":104832},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[1425,104835,104837],{"id":104836},"from-a-list","From a list",[14,104839,104840,104841,198],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[52,104842,3387],{},[45,104844,104846],{"className":47,"code":104845,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,104847,104848,104880,104894,104898],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104849,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876,104878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104851,243],{"class":61},[55,104853,66],{"class":65},[55,104855,3211],{"class":69},[55,104857,152],{"class":130},[55,104859,83],{"class":69},[55,104861,976],{"class":130},[55,104863,83],{"class":69},[55,104865,976],{"class":130},[55,104867,83],{"class":69},[55,104869,2036],{"class":130},[55,104871,83],{"class":69},[55,104873,2036],{"class":130},[55,104875,83],{"class":69},[55,104877,2036],{"class":130},[55,104879,386],{"class":69},[55,104881,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890,104892],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104883,1814],{"class":61},[55,104885,66],{"class":65},[55,104887,15231],{"class":850},[55,104889,120],{"class":69},[55,104891,275],{"class":123},[55,104893,103],{"class":69},[55,104895,104896],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104897,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,104899,104900,104902,104904,104906],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,104901,117],{"class":116},[55,104903,120],{"class":69},[55,104905,1849],{"class":123},[55,104907,103],{"class":69},[14,104909,314],{},[45,104911,104912],{"className":47,"code":96199,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,104913,104914],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104915,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926,104928],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104917,8875],{"class":69},[55,104919,152],{"class":130},[55,104921,83],{"class":69},[55,104923,976],{"class":130},[55,104925,83],{"class":69},[55,104927,2036],{"class":130},[55,104929,8906],{"class":69},[14,104931,104932,104933,198],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[194,104934,98670],{"href":104935},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[1425,104937,104939],{"id":104938},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[45,104941,104943],{"className":47,"code":104942,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,104944,104945,104969,104983,104987],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,104946,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965,104967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,104948,3413],{"class":61},[55,104950,66],{"class":65},[55,104952,70],{"class":69},[55,104954,817],{"class":130},[55,104956,83],{"class":69},[55,104958,4196],{"class":130},[55,104960,83],{"class":69},[55,104962,5598],{"class":130},[55,104964,83],{"class":69},[55,104966,37533],{"class":130},[55,104968,103],{"class":69},[55,104970,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,104972,1814],{"class":61},[55,104974,66],{"class":65},[55,104976,15231],{"class":850},[55,104978,120],{"class":69},[55,104980,4951],{"class":123},[55,104982,103],{"class":69},[55,104984,104985],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,104986,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,104988,104989,104991,104993,104995],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,104990,117],{"class":116},[55,104992,120],{"class":69},[55,104994,1849],{"class":123},[55,104996,103],{"class":69},[14,104998,314],{},[45,105000,105002],{"className":47,"code":105001,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[52,105003,105004],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105005,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016,105018],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105007,8875],{"class":69},[55,105009,817],{"class":130},[55,105011,83],{"class":69},[55,105013,5598],{"class":130},[55,105015,83],{"class":69},[55,105017,37533],{"class":130},[55,105019,8906],{"class":69},[1425,105021,105023],{"id":105022},"from-a-string","From a string",[14,105025,50723,105026,105028],{},[52,105027,3387],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[45,105030,105032],{"className":47,"code":105031,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,105033,105034,105046,105060,105064],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105035,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105037,34287],{"class":61},[55,105039,66],{"class":65},[55,105041,86],{"class":73},[55,105043,416],{"class":77},[55,105045,1288],{"class":73},[55,105047,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105049,1814],{"class":61},[55,105051,66],{"class":65},[55,105053,15231],{"class":850},[55,105055,120],{"class":69},[55,105057,34308],{"class":123},[55,105059,103],{"class":69},[55,105061,105062],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,105063,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,105065,105066,105068,105070,105072],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,105067,117],{"class":116},[55,105069,120],{"class":69},[55,105071,1849],{"class":123},[55,105073,103],{"class":69},[14,105075,29627],{},[45,105077,105079],{"className":47,"code":105078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[52,105080,105081],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105082,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105,105107],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105084,8875],{"class":69},[55,105086,2889],{"class":73},[55,105088,786],{"class":77},[55,105090,2889],{"class":73},[55,105092,83],{"class":69},[55,105094,2884],{"class":73},[55,105096,194],{"class":77},[55,105098,2889],{"class":73},[55,105100,83],{"class":69},[55,105102,2884],{"class":73},[55,105104,75621],{"class":77},[55,105106,2889],{"class":73},[55,105108,8906],{"class":69},[14,105110,105111],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[1425,105113,105115],{"id":105114},"from-range","From range()",[45,105117,105119],{"className":47,"code":105118,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[52,105120,105121,105139],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105122,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135,105137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105124,1814],{"class":61},[55,105126,66],{"class":65},[55,105128,15231],{"class":850},[55,105130,120],{"class":69},[55,105132,59595],{"class":116},[55,105134,120],{"class":69},[55,105136,817],{"class":130},[55,105138,1357],{"class":69},[55,105140,105141,105143,105145,105147],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105142,117],{"class":116},[55,105144,120],{"class":69},[55,105146,1849],{"class":123},[55,105148,103],{"class":69},[14,105150,314],{},[45,105152,105154],{"className":47,"code":105153,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[52,105155,105156],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105157,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176,105178],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105159,8875],{"class":69},[55,105161,131],{"class":130},[55,105163,83],{"class":69},[55,105165,5090],{"class":130},[55,105167,83],{"class":69},[55,105169,976],{"class":130},[55,105171,83],{"class":69},[55,105173,2036],{"class":130},[55,105175,83],{"class":69},[55,105177,2042],{"class":130},[55,105179,8906],{"class":69},[37,105181,105183],{"id":105182},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[14,105185,99117,105186,198],{},[3332,105187,95963],{},[14,105189,105190],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[14,105192,99123],{},[21,105194,105195,105199,105203,105207],{},[24,105196,105197],{},[52,105198,1772],{},[24,105200,105201],{},[52,105202,3032],{},[24,105204,105205],{},[52,105206,1776],{},[24,105208,105209,105211],{},[52,105210,48551],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[14,105213,233],{},[45,105215,105217],{"className":47,"code":105216,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[52,105218,105219,105250],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105220,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245,105247],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105222,7375],{"class":61},[55,105224,66],{"class":65},[55,105226,10088],{"class":69},[55,105228,152],{"class":130},[55,105230,83],{"class":69},[55,105232,86],{"class":73},[55,105234,3436],{"class":77},[55,105236,74],{"class":73},[55,105238,83],{"class":69},[55,105240,70],{"class":69},[55,105242,250],{"class":130},[55,105244,83],{"class":69},[55,105246,255],{"class":130},[55,105248,105249],{"class":69},")}\n",[55,105251,105252,105254,105256,105258],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105253,117],{"class":116},[55,105255,120],{"class":69},[55,105257,7404],{"class":123},[55,105259,103],{"class":69},[14,105261,99185,105262,105264],{},[3332,105263,4222],{}," work inside a set:",[21,105266,105267,105271,105275],{},[24,105268,105269],{},[52,105270,7688],{},[24,105272,105273],{},[52,105274,8418],{},[24,105276,105277],{},[52,105278,5881],{},[14,105280,96688],{},[45,105282,105284],{"className":47,"code":105283,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[52,105285,105286],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105287,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308,105310],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105289,99204],{"class":61},[55,105291,66],{"class":65},[55,105293,99209],{"class":69},[55,105295,152],{"class":130},[55,105297,83],{"class":69},[55,105299,976],{"class":130},[55,105301,17659],{"class":69},[55,105303,3211],{"class":69},[55,105305,609],{"class":130},[55,105307,83],{"class":69},[55,105309,2042],{"class":130},[55,105311,13302],{"class":69},[14,105313,76449,105314,105316],{},[52,105315,2592],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[14,105318,105319],{},"A safer example:",[45,105321,105323],{"className":47,"code":105322,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[52,105324,105325,105353],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105326,105327,105330,105332,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105328,105329],{"class":61},"good_set ",[55,105331,66],{"class":65},[55,105333,105334],{"class":69}," {(",[55,105336,152],{"class":130},[55,105338,83],{"class":69},[55,105340,976],{"class":130},[55,105342,8831],{"class":69},[55,105344,70],{"class":69},[55,105346,609],{"class":130},[55,105348,83],{"class":69},[55,105350,2042],{"class":130},[55,105352,105249],{"class":69},[55,105354,105355,105357,105359,105362],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105356,117],{"class":116},[55,105358,120],{"class":69},[55,105360,105361],{"class":123},"good_set",[55,105363,103],{"class":69},[14,105365,314],{},[45,105367,105369],{"className":47,"code":105368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[52,105370,105371],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105372,105373,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390,105392],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105374,105375],{"class":69},"{(",[55,105377,152],{"class":130},[55,105379,83],{"class":69},[55,105381,976],{"class":130},[55,105383,8831],{"class":69},[55,105385,70],{"class":69},[55,105387,609],{"class":130},[55,105389,83],{"class":69},[55,105391,2042],{"class":130},[55,105393,105249],{"class":69},[37,105395,105397],{"id":105396},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[14,105399,1440,105400,10199],{},[52,105401,3387],{},[21,105403,105404,105407,105412,105415],{},[24,105405,105406],{},"you need unique values only",[24,105408,105409,105410],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[52,105411,3474],{},[24,105413,105414],{},"order does not matter",[24,105416,105417],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[14,105419,105420],{},"Example of membership checking:",[45,105422,105424],{"className":47,"code":105423,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[52,105425,105426,105451,105455,105471],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105427,105428,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105441,105444,105446,105449],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105429,105430],{"class":61},"allowed_ids ",[55,105432,66],{"class":65},[55,105434,15231],{"class":850},[55,105436,2573],{"class":69},[55,105438,46190],{"class":130},[55,105440,83],{"class":69},[55,105442,105443],{"class":130}," 102",[55,105445,83],{"class":69},[55,105447,105448],{"class":130}," 103",[55,105450,282],{"class":69},[55,105452,105453],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105454,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,105456,105457,105459,105461,105464,105466,105469],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,105458,117],{"class":116},[55,105460,120],{"class":69},[55,105462,105463],{"class":130},"102",[55,105465,20770],{"class":959},[55,105467,105468],{"class":123}," allowed_ids",[55,105470,103],{"class":69},[55,105472,105473,105475,105477,105480,105482,105484],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,105474,117],{"class":116},[55,105476,120],{"class":69},[55,105478,105479],{"class":130},"999",[55,105481,20770],{"class":959},[55,105483,105468],{"class":123},[55,105485,103],{"class":69},[14,105487,314],{},[45,105489,105490],{"className":47,"code":43771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,105491,105492,105496],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105493,105494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105495,3570],{"class":3443},[55,105497,105498],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105499,3631],{"class":3443},[14,105501,105502],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[37,105504,105506],{"id":105505},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[14,105508,105509],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[1425,105511,1440,105513,97814],{"id":105512},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[52,105514,3387],{},[45,105516,105517],{"className":47,"code":97875,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,105518,105519,105529],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105520,105521,105523,105525,105527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105522,97882],{"class":61},[55,105524,66],{"class":65},[55,105526,15231],{"class":850},[55,105528,8239],{"class":69},[55,105530,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539,105541],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105532,117],{"class":116},[55,105534,120],{"class":69},[55,105536,1396],{"class":850},[55,105538,120],{"class":69},[55,105540,97901],{"class":123},[55,105542,1357],{"class":69},[14,105544,314],{},[45,105546,105547],{"className":47,"code":8449,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,105548,105549],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105550,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559,105561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105552,2878],{"class":65},[55,105554,2881],{"class":1648},[55,105556,2884],{"class":73},[55,105558,5881],{"class":77},[55,105560,2889],{"class":73},[55,105562,2892],{"class":65},[1425,105564,1440,105566,105568],{"id":105565},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[52,105567,99874],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[45,105570,105572],{"className":47,"code":105571,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[52,105573,105574,105594],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105575,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590,105592],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105577,243],{"class":61},[55,105579,66],{"class":65},[55,105581,10088],{"class":69},[55,105583,152],{"class":130},[55,105585,83],{"class":69},[55,105587,976],{"class":130},[55,105589,83],{"class":69},[55,105591,2036],{"class":130},[55,105593,8906],{"class":69},[55,105595,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604,105606],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105597,117],{"class":116},[55,105599,120],{"class":69},[55,105601,1396],{"class":850},[55,105603,120],{"class":69},[55,105605,275],{"class":123},[55,105607,1357],{"class":69},[14,105609,314],{},[45,105611,105612],{"className":47,"code":8449,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,105613,105614],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105615,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624,105626],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105617,2878],{"class":65},[55,105619,2881],{"class":1648},[55,105621,2884],{"class":73},[55,105623,5881],{"class":77},[55,105625,2889],{"class":73},[55,105627,2892],{"class":65},[1425,105629,1440,105631,105633],{"id":105630},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[52,105632,3382],{}," for an empty dictionary",[45,105635,105637],{"className":47,"code":105636,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[52,105638,105639,105648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105640,105641,105644,105646],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105642,105643],{"class":61},"empty_dict ",[55,105645,66],{"class":65},[55,105647,9435],{"class":69},[55,105649,105650,105652,105654,105656,105658,105661],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105651,117],{"class":116},[55,105653,120],{"class":69},[55,105655,1396],{"class":850},[55,105657,120],{"class":69},[55,105659,105660],{"class":123},"empty_dict",[55,105662,1357],{"class":69},[14,105664,314],{},[45,105666,105667],{"className":47,"code":8405,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,105668,105669],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105670,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679,105681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105672,2878],{"class":65},[55,105674,2881],{"class":1648},[55,105676,2884],{"class":73},[55,105678,8418],{"class":77},[55,105680,2889],{"class":73},[55,105682,2892],{"class":65},[14,105684,105685],{},"So the rule is simple:",[21,105687,105688,105693,105698],{},[24,105689,105690,105692],{},[52,105691,3387],{}," → empty set",[24,105694,105695,105697],{},[52,105696,99874],{}," → non-empty set",[24,105699,105700,105702],{},[52,105701,3382],{}," → empty dictionary",[37,105704,1298],{"id":1297},[14,105706,105707,105708,198],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[52,105709,3387],{},[1425,105711,8012,105712,99472],{"id":99469},[52,105713,3382],{},[14,105715,105716],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[45,105718,105719],{"className":47,"code":99478,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,105720,105721,105729],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105722,105723,105725,105727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105724,2031],{"class":61},[55,105726,66],{"class":65},[55,105728,9435],{"class":69},[55,105730,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739,105741],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105732,117],{"class":116},[55,105734,120],{"class":69},[55,105736,1396],{"class":850},[55,105738,120],{"class":69},[55,105740,2058],{"class":123},[55,105742,1357],{"class":69},[1425,105744,105746,105747],{"id":105745},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[52,105748,105749],{},"set(5)",[14,105751,105752,105754],{},[52,105753,3387],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[45,105756,105758],{"className":47,"code":105757,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set(5)\n",[52,105759,105760],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105761,105762,105764,105766,105768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105763,5881],{"class":850},[55,105765,120],{"class":69},[55,105767,817],{"class":130},[55,105769,103],{"class":69},[14,105771,2589,105772,105774,105775,198],{},[52,105773,2592],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[194,105776,105778],{"href":105777},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[1425,105780,105782],{"id":105781},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[14,105784,105785],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[45,105787,105789],{"className":47,"code":105788,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[52,105790,105791],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105792,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813,105815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105794,2031],{"class":61},[55,105796,66],{"class":65},[55,105798,99209],{"class":69},[55,105800,152],{"class":130},[55,105802,83],{"class":69},[55,105804,976],{"class":130},[55,105806,17659],{"class":69},[55,105808,3211],{"class":69},[55,105810,609],{"class":130},[55,105812,83],{"class":69},[55,105814,2042],{"class":130},[55,105816,13302],{"class":69},[1425,105818,8048,105820,105822],{"id":105819},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[52,105821,3387],{}," to keep the original order",[14,105824,105825],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[1425,105827,36800,105829,8301,105831,2465,105833],{"id":105828},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[52,105830,3387],{},[52,105832,24378],{},[52,105834,8717],{},[14,105836,105837],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[37,105839,60307],{"id":60306},[14,105841,10711],{},[45,105843,105845],{"className":47,"code":105844,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[52,105846,105847,105862,105872,105886],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105848,105849,105851,105853,105855,105857,105860],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105850,117],{"class":116},[55,105852,120],{"class":69},[55,105854,1396],{"class":850},[55,105856,120],{"class":69},[55,105858,105859],{"class":123},"my_value",[55,105861,1357],{"class":69},[55,105863,105864,105866,105868,105870],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,105865,117],{"class":116},[55,105867,120],{"class":69},[55,105869,105859],{"class":123},[55,105871,103],{"class":69},[55,105873,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882,105884],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,105875,117],{"class":116},[55,105877,120],{"class":69},[55,105879,7688],{"class":850},[55,105881,120],{"class":69},[55,105883,15264],{"class":123},[55,105885,1357],{"class":69},[55,105887,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896,105898],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,105889,117],{"class":116},[55,105891,120],{"class":69},[55,105893,940],{"class":116},[55,105895,120],{"class":69},[55,105897,15264],{"class":123},[55,105899,1357],{"class":69},[14,105901,105902],{},"What they help you see:",[21,105904,105905,105911,105916,105922],{},[24,105906,105907,105910],{},[52,105908,105909],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[24,105912,105913,90139],{},[52,105914,105915],{},"print(my_value)",[24,105917,105918,105921],{},[52,105919,105920],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[24,105923,105924,105927],{},[52,105925,105926],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[37,105929,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,105931,105933],{"id":105932},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[14,105935,105936],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[1425,105938,105940],{"id":105939},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[14,105942,1440,105943,105945,105946,105948],{},[52,105944,3387],{},". Do not use ",[52,105947,3382],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[1425,105950,105952],{"id":105951},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[14,105954,105955],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[1425,105957,105959],{"id":105958},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[14,105961,105962],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[14,105964,233],{},[45,105966,105968],{"className":47,"code":105967,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[52,105969,105970],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105971,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984,105986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105973,117],{"class":116},[55,105975,120],{"class":69},[55,105977,5881],{"class":850},[55,105979,120],{"class":69},[55,105981,74],{"class":73},[55,105983,407],{"class":77},[55,105985,74],{"class":73},[55,105987,1357],{"class":69},[14,105989,29627],{},[45,105991,105993],{"className":47,"code":105992,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[52,105994,105995],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,105996,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027,106029],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,105998,8875],{"class":69},[55,106000,2889],{"class":73},[55,106002,194],{"class":77},[55,106004,2889],{"class":73},[55,106006,83],{"class":69},[55,106008,2884],{"class":73},[55,106010,14],{"class":77},[55,106012,2889],{"class":73},[55,106014,83],{"class":69},[55,106016,2884],{"class":73},[55,106018,60053],{"class":77},[55,106020,2889],{"class":73},[55,106022,83],{"class":69},[55,106024,2884],{"class":73},[55,106026,60044],{"class":77},[55,106028,2889],{"class":73},[55,106030,8906],{"class":69},[1425,106032,4749,106034,106037],{"id":106033},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[52,106035,106036],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[14,106039,106040,28282,106042,106045],{},[52,106041,3387],{},[3332,106043,106044],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[14,106047,106048],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[45,106050,106052],{"className":47,"code":106051,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[52,106053,106054],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106055,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076,106078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106057,117],{"class":116},[55,106059,120],{"class":69},[55,106061,5881],{"class":850},[55,106063,2573],{"class":69},[55,106065,152],{"class":130},[55,106067,83],{"class":69},[55,106069,976],{"class":130},[55,106071,83],{"class":69},[55,106073,2036],{"class":130},[55,106075,83],{"class":69},[55,106077,2042],{"class":130},[55,106079,2586],{"class":69},[37,106081,1495],{"id":1494},[21,106083,106084,106088,106092,106096,106100],{},[24,106085,106086],{},[194,106087,95920],{"href":95919},[24,106089,106090],{},[194,106091,104084],{"href":95923},[24,106093,106094],{},[194,106095,99936],{"href":104935},[24,106097,106098],{},[194,106099,104642],{"href":64443},[24,106101,106102],{},[194,106103,105778],{"href":105777},[1524,106105,106106],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":106108},[106109,106110,106111,106112,106113,106119,106120,106121,106129,106139,106140,106148],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":104260,"depth":106,"text":104261},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":104645,"depth":106,"text":104646},{"id":104832,"depth":106,"text":104833,"children":106114},[106115,106116,106117,106118],{"id":104836,"depth":113,"text":104837},{"id":104938,"depth":113,"text":104939},{"id":105022,"depth":113,"text":105023},{"id":105114,"depth":113,"text":105115},{"id":105182,"depth":106,"text":105183},{"id":105396,"depth":106,"text":105397},{"id":105505,"depth":106,"text":105506,"children":106122},[106123,106125,106127],{"id":105512,"depth":113,"text":106124},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105565,"depth":113,"text":106126},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105630,"depth":113,"text":106128},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":106130},[106131,106132,106134,106135,106137],{"id":99469,"depth":113,"text":99977},{"id":105745,"depth":113,"text":106133},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105781,"depth":113,"text":105782},{"id":105819,"depth":113,"text":106136},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105828,"depth":113,"text":106138},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60306,"depth":106,"text":60307},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":106141},[106142,106143,106144,106145,106146],{"id":105932,"depth":113,"text":105933},{"id":105939,"depth":113,"text":105940},{"id":105951,"depth":113,"text":105952},{"id":105958,"depth":113,"text":105959},{"id":106033,"depth":113,"text":106147},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104142,"description":106149},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106156,"title":106157,"body":106158,"description":107673,"extension":1546,"meta":107674,"navigation":109,"path":107675,"seo":107676,"stem":107677,"__hash__":107678},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106159,"toc":107649},[106160,106166,106171,106174,106257,106262,106267,106272,106274,106287,106291,106293,106312,106315,106338,106341,106352,106354,106435,106437,106454,106456,106462,106465,106560,106562,106593,106595,106603,106605,106608,106719,106721,106746,106748,106770,106775,106780,106786,106895,106897,106913,106916,106919,107002,107004,107021,107029,107031,107035,107041,107132,107134,107167,107172,107179,107256,107258,107275,107281,107283,107287,107303,107306,107332,107334,107395,107397,107520,107522,107573,107579,107581,107586,107588,107594,107597,107601,107604,107608,107611,107621,107623,107646],[10,106161,3165,106163,10920],{"id":106162},"python-setintersection-method",[52,106164,106165],{},"set.intersection()",[14,106167,1563,106168,106170],{},[52,106169,106165],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[14,106172,106173],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[45,106175,106177],{"className":47,"code":106176,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[52,106178,106179,106199,106219,106223,106242,106252],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106180,106181,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195,106197],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106182,2141],{"class":61},[55,106184,66],{"class":65},[55,106186,10088],{"class":69},[55,106188,152],{"class":130},[55,106190,83],{"class":69},[55,106192,976],{"class":130},[55,106194,83],{"class":69},[55,106196,2036],{"class":130},[55,106198,8906],{"class":69},[55,106200,106201,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215,106217],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,106202,2169],{"class":61},[55,106204,66],{"class":65},[55,106206,10088],{"class":69},[55,106208,309],{"class":130},[55,106210,83],{"class":69},[55,106212,2036],{"class":130},[55,106214,83],{"class":69},[55,106216,2042],{"class":130},[55,106218,8906],{"class":69},[55,106220,106221],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,106222,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106224,106225,106227,106229,106231,106233,106236,106238,106240],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,106226,1814],{"class":61},[55,106228,66],{"class":65},[55,106230,56484],{"class":61},[55,106232,198],{"class":69},[55,106234,106235],{"class":123},"intersection",[55,106237,120],{"class":69},[55,106239,786],{"class":123},[55,106241,103],{"class":69},[55,106243,106244,106246,106248,106250],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,106245,117],{"class":116},[55,106247,120],{"class":69},[55,106249,1849],{"class":123},[55,106251,103],{"class":69},[55,106253,106254],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,106255,106256],{"class":137},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[14,106258,1440,106259,106261],{},[52,106260,102383],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[37,106263,12596,106265,12599],{"id":106264},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[52,106266,102383],{},[14,106268,106269,106271],{},[52,106270,102383],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[14,106273,12652],{},[21,106275,106276,106279,106281,106284],{},[24,106277,106278],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[24,106280,100153],{},[24,106282,106283],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[24,106285,106286],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[14,106288,95916,106289,198],{},[194,106290,95920],{"href":95919},[37,106292,1740],{"id":1739},[45,106294,106296],{"className":47,"code":106295,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[52,106297,106298],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106299,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308,106310],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106301,100177],{"class":61},[55,106303,198],{"class":69},[55,106305,106235],{"class":123},[55,106307,120],{"class":69},[55,106309,100186],{"class":123},[55,106311,103],{"class":69},[14,106313,106314],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[45,106316,106318],{"className":47,"code":106317,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[52,106319,106320],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106321,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106323,100177],{"class":61},[55,106325,198],{"class":69},[55,106327,106235],{"class":123},[55,106329,120],{"class":69},[55,106331,100186],{"class":123},[55,106333,83],{"class":69},[55,106335,100213],{"class":123},[55,106337,103],{"class":69},[14,106339,106340],{},"Important notes:",[21,106342,106343,106346,106349],{},[24,106344,106345],{},"The result is always a new set",[24,106347,106348],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[24,106350,106351],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[14,106353,233],{},[45,106355,106357],{"className":47,"code":106356,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[52,106358,106359,106383,106403,106407,106425],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106360,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379,106381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106362,2141],{"class":61},[55,106364,66],{"class":65},[55,106366,10088],{"class":69},[55,106368,152],{"class":130},[55,106370,83],{"class":69},[55,106372,976],{"class":130},[55,106374,83],{"class":69},[55,106376,2036],{"class":130},[55,106378,83],{"class":69},[55,106380,2042],{"class":130},[55,106382,8906],{"class":69},[55,106384,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395,106397,106399,106401],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,106386,2169],{"class":61},[55,106388,66],{"class":65},[55,106390,10088],{"class":69},[55,106392,609],{"class":130},[55,106394,83],{"class":69},[55,106396,2042],{"class":130},[55,106398,83],{"class":69},[55,106400,4196],{"class":130},[55,106402,8906],{"class":69},[55,106404,106405],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,106406,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106408,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421,106423],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,106410,1814],{"class":61},[55,106412,66],{"class":65},[55,106414,56484],{"class":61},[55,106416,198],{"class":69},[55,106418,106235],{"class":123},[55,106420,120],{"class":69},[55,106422,786],{"class":123},[55,106424,103],{"class":69},[55,106426,106427,106429,106431,106433],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,106428,117],{"class":116},[55,106430,120],{"class":69},[55,106432,1849],{"class":123},[55,106434,103],{"class":69},[14,106436,314],{},[45,106438,106440],{"className":47,"code":106439,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{3, 4}\n",[52,106441,106442],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106443,106444,106446,106448,106450,106452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106445,8875],{"class":69},[55,106447,609],{"class":130},[55,106449,83],{"class":69},[55,106451,2042],{"class":130},[55,106453,8906],{"class":69},[37,106455,17017],{"id":17016},[14,106457,106458,21572,106460,198],{},[52,106459,102383],{},[3332,106461,5881],{},[14,106463,106464],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[45,106466,106468],{"className":47,"code":106467,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,106469,106470,106490,106510,106514,106532,106536,106546],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106471,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484,106486,106488],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106473,2141],{"class":61},[55,106475,66],{"class":65},[55,106477,10088],{"class":69},[55,106479,152],{"class":130},[55,106481,83],{"class":69},[55,106483,976],{"class":130},[55,106485,83],{"class":69},[55,106487,2036],{"class":130},[55,106489,8906],{"class":69},[55,106491,106492,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506,106508],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,106493,2169],{"class":61},[55,106495,66],{"class":65},[55,106497,10088],{"class":69},[55,106499,309],{"class":130},[55,106501,83],{"class":69},[55,106503,2036],{"class":130},[55,106505,83],{"class":69},[55,106507,2042],{"class":130},[55,106509,8906],{"class":69},[55,106511,106512],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,106513,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106515,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528,106530],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,106517,1814],{"class":61},[55,106519,66],{"class":65},[55,106521,56484],{"class":61},[55,106523,198],{"class":69},[55,106525,106235],{"class":123},[55,106527,120],{"class":69},[55,106529,786],{"class":123},[55,106531,103],{"class":69},[55,106533,106534],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,106535,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106537,106538,106540,106542,106544],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,106539,117],{"class":116},[55,106541,120],{"class":69},[55,106543,1849],{"class":123},[55,106545,103],{"class":69},[55,106547,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556,106558],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,106549,117],{"class":116},[55,106551,120],{"class":69},[55,106553,1396],{"class":850},[55,106555,120],{"class":69},[55,106557,1849],{"class":123},[55,106559,1357],{"class":69},[14,106561,314],{},[45,106563,106565],{"className":47,"code":106564,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[52,106566,106567,106579],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106568,106569,106571,106573,106575,106577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106570,8875],{"class":69},[55,106572,309],{"class":130},[55,106574,83],{"class":69},[55,106576,2036],{"class":130},[55,106578,8906],{"class":69},[55,106580,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589,106591],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,106582,2878],{"class":65},[55,106584,2881],{"class":1648},[55,106586,2884],{"class":73},[55,106588,5881],{"class":77},[55,106590,2889],{"class":73},[55,106592,2892],{"class":65},[14,106594,85402],{},[21,106596,106597,106600],{},[24,106598,106599],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[24,106601,106602],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[37,106604,11073],{"id":11072},[14,106606,106607],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[45,106609,106611],{"className":47,"code":106610,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[52,106612,106613,106646,106679,106683,106704,106708],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106614,106615,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642,106644],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106616,106617],{"class":61},"colors1 ",[55,106619,66],{"class":65},[55,106621,10088],{"class":69},[55,106623,74],{"class":73},[55,106625,78],{"class":77},[55,106627,74],{"class":73},[55,106629,83],{"class":69},[55,106631,86],{"class":73},[55,106633,98],{"class":77},[55,106635,74],{"class":73},[55,106637,83],{"class":69},[55,106639,86],{"class":73},[55,106641,89],{"class":77},[55,106643,74],{"class":73},[55,106645,8906],{"class":69},[55,106647,106648,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675,106677],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,106649,106650],{"class":61},"colors2 ",[55,106652,66],{"class":65},[55,106654,10088],{"class":69},[55,106656,74],{"class":73},[55,106658,89],{"class":77},[55,106660,74],{"class":73},[55,106662,83],{"class":69},[55,106664,86],{"class":73},[55,106666,1285],{"class":77},[55,106668,74],{"class":73},[55,106670,83],{"class":69},[55,106672,86],{"class":73},[55,106674,98],{"class":77},[55,106676,74],{"class":73},[55,106678,8906],{"class":69},[55,106680,106681],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,106682,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106684,106685,106688,106690,106693,106695,106697,106699,106702],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,106686,106687],{"class":61},"common_colors ",[55,106689,66],{"class":65},[55,106691,106692],{"class":61}," colors1",[55,106694,198],{"class":69},[55,106696,106235],{"class":123},[55,106698,120],{"class":69},[55,106700,106701],{"class":123},"colors2",[55,106703,103],{"class":69},[55,106705,106706],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,106707,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106709,106710,106712,106714,106717],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,106711,117],{"class":116},[55,106713,120],{"class":69},[55,106715,106716],{"class":123},"common_colors",[55,106718,103],{"class":69},[14,106720,314],{},[45,106722,106724],{"className":47,"code":106723,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[52,106725,106726],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106727,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742,106744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106729,8875],{"class":69},[55,106731,2889],{"class":73},[55,106733,98],{"class":77},[55,106735,2889],{"class":73},[55,106737,83],{"class":69},[55,106739,2884],{"class":73},[55,106741,89],{"class":77},[55,106743,2889],{"class":73},[55,106745,8906],{"class":69},[14,106747,11282],{},[21,106749,106750,106756,106760,106765],{},[24,106751,106752,106755],{},[52,106753,106754],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[24,106757,106758,106755],{},[52,106759,106701],{},[24,106761,106762,106764],{},[52,106763,102383],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[24,106766,106767,106768],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[52,106769,106716],{},[37,106771,8012,106773,100750],{"id":106772},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[52,106774,102383],{},[14,106776,106777,106778,198],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[52,106779,102383],{},[14,106781,106782,106783,106785],{},"Only the values found in ",[3332,106784,3304],{}," inputs will be kept.",[45,106787,106789],{"className":47,"code":106788,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[52,106790,106791,106815,106839,106859,106863,106885],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106792,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106794,2141],{"class":61},[55,106796,66],{"class":65},[55,106798,10088],{"class":69},[55,106800,152],{"class":130},[55,106802,83],{"class":69},[55,106804,976],{"class":130},[55,106806,83],{"class":69},[55,106808,2036],{"class":130},[55,106810,83],{"class":69},[55,106812,2042],{"class":130},[55,106814,8906],{"class":69},[55,106816,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835,106837],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,106818,2169],{"class":61},[55,106820,66],{"class":65},[55,106822,10088],{"class":69},[55,106824,309],{"class":130},[55,106826,83],{"class":69},[55,106828,2036],{"class":130},[55,106830,83],{"class":69},[55,106832,2042],{"class":130},[55,106834,83],{"class":69},[55,106836,4196],{"class":130},[55,106838,8906],{"class":69},[55,106840,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855,106857],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,106842,82776],{"class":61},[55,106844,66],{"class":65},[55,106846,10088],{"class":69},[55,106848,609],{"class":130},[55,106850,83],{"class":69},[55,106852,2042],{"class":130},[55,106854,83],{"class":69},[55,106856,37240],{"class":130},[55,106858,8906],{"class":69},[55,106860,106861],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,106862,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106864,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881,106883],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,106866,1814],{"class":61},[55,106868,66],{"class":65},[55,106870,56484],{"class":61},[55,106872,198],{"class":69},[55,106874,106235],{"class":123},[55,106876,120],{"class":69},[55,106878,786],{"class":123},[55,106880,83],{"class":69},[55,106882,9279],{"class":123},[55,106884,103],{"class":69},[55,106886,106887,106889,106891,106893],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,106888,117],{"class":116},[55,106890,120],{"class":69},[55,106892,1849],{"class":123},[55,106894,103],{"class":69},[14,106896,314],{},[45,106898,106899],{"className":47,"code":106439,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,106900,106901],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106902,106903,106905,106907,106909,106911],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106904,8875],{"class":69},[55,106906,609],{"class":130},[55,106908,83],{"class":69},[55,106910,2042],{"class":130},[55,106912,8906],{"class":69},[14,106914,106915],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[14,106917,106918],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[45,106920,106922],{"className":47,"code":106921,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[52,106923,106924,106948,106952,106992],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,106925,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944,106946],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,106927,2141],{"class":61},[55,106929,66],{"class":65},[55,106931,10088],{"class":69},[55,106933,152],{"class":130},[55,106935,83],{"class":69},[55,106937,976],{"class":130},[55,106939,83],{"class":69},[55,106941,2036],{"class":130},[55,106943,83],{"class":69},[55,106945,2042],{"class":130},[55,106947,8906],{"class":69},[55,106949,106950],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,106951,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,106953,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988,106990],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,106955,1814],{"class":61},[55,106957,66],{"class":65},[55,106959,56484],{"class":61},[55,106961,198],{"class":69},[55,106963,106235],{"class":123},[55,106965,2573],{"class":69},[55,106967,309],{"class":130},[55,106969,83],{"class":69},[55,106971,2042],{"class":130},[55,106973,83],{"class":69},[55,106975,37240],{"class":130},[55,106977,17659],{"class":69},[55,106979,70],{"class":69},[55,106981,152],{"class":130},[55,106983,83],{"class":69},[55,106985,976],{"class":130},[55,106987,83],{"class":69},[55,106989,2042],{"class":130},[55,106991,1357],{"class":69},[55,106993,106994,106996,106998,107000],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,106995,117],{"class":116},[55,106997,120],{"class":69},[55,106999,1849],{"class":123},[55,107001,103],{"class":69},[14,107003,314],{},[45,107005,107007],{"className":47,"code":107006,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{2, 4}\n",[52,107008,107009],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107010,107011,107013,107015,107017,107019],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107012,8875],{"class":69},[55,107014,309],{"class":130},[55,107016,83],{"class":69},[55,107018,2042],{"class":130},[55,107020,8906],{"class":69},[37,107022,107024,10183,107026],{"id":107023},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[52,107025,102383],{},[52,107027,107028],{},"intersection_update()",[14,107030,100920],{},[1425,107032,107033],{"id":106235},[52,107034,102383],{},[21,107036,107037,107039],{},[24,107038,100929],{},[24,107040,100932],{},[45,107042,107044],{"className":47,"code":107043,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[52,107045,107046,107066,107086,107090,107108,107112,107122],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107047,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062,107064],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107049,2141],{"class":61},[55,107051,66],{"class":65},[55,107053,10088],{"class":69},[55,107055,152],{"class":130},[55,107057,83],{"class":69},[55,107059,976],{"class":130},[55,107061,83],{"class":69},[55,107063,2036],{"class":130},[55,107065,8906],{"class":69},[55,107067,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082,107084],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107069,2169],{"class":61},[55,107071,66],{"class":65},[55,107073,10088],{"class":69},[55,107075,309],{"class":130},[55,107077,83],{"class":69},[55,107079,2036],{"class":130},[55,107081,83],{"class":69},[55,107083,2042],{"class":130},[55,107085,8906],{"class":69},[55,107087,107088],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,107089,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107091,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104,107106],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,107093,1814],{"class":61},[55,107095,66],{"class":65},[55,107097,56484],{"class":61},[55,107099,198],{"class":69},[55,107101,106235],{"class":123},[55,107103,120],{"class":69},[55,107105,786],{"class":123},[55,107107,103],{"class":69},[55,107109,107110],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,107111,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107113,107114,107116,107118,107120],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,107115,117],{"class":116},[55,107117,120],{"class":69},[55,107119,194],{"class":123},[55,107121,103],{"class":69},[55,107123,107124,107126,107128,107130],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,107125,117],{"class":116},[55,107127,120],{"class":69},[55,107129,1849],{"class":123},[55,107131,103],{"class":69},[14,107133,314],{},[45,107135,107137],{"className":47,"code":107136,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[52,107138,107139,107155],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107140,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151,107153],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107142,8875],{"class":69},[55,107144,152],{"class":130},[55,107146,83],{"class":69},[55,107148,976],{"class":130},[55,107150,83],{"class":69},[55,107152,2036],{"class":130},[55,107154,8906],{"class":69},[55,107156,107157,107159,107161,107163,107165],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107158,8875],{"class":69},[55,107160,309],{"class":130},[55,107162,83],{"class":69},[55,107164,2036],{"class":130},[55,107166,8906],{"class":69},[1425,107168,107170],{"id":107169},"intersection_update",[52,107171,107028],{},[21,107173,107174,107176],{},[24,107175,101072],{},[24,107177,107178],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[45,107180,107182],{"className":47,"code":107181,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[52,107183,107184,107204,107224,107228,107242,107246],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107185,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200,107202],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107187,2141],{"class":61},[55,107189,66],{"class":65},[55,107191,10088],{"class":69},[55,107193,152],{"class":130},[55,107195,83],{"class":69},[55,107197,976],{"class":130},[55,107199,83],{"class":69},[55,107201,2036],{"class":130},[55,107203,8906],{"class":69},[55,107205,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220,107222],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107207,2169],{"class":61},[55,107209,66],{"class":65},[55,107211,10088],{"class":69},[55,107213,309],{"class":130},[55,107215,83],{"class":69},[55,107217,2036],{"class":130},[55,107219,83],{"class":69},[55,107221,2042],{"class":130},[55,107223,8906],{"class":69},[55,107225,107226],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,107227,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107229,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238,107240],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,107231,194],{"class":61},[55,107233,198],{"class":69},[55,107235,107169],{"class":123},[55,107237,120],{"class":69},[55,107239,786],{"class":123},[55,107241,103],{"class":69},[55,107243,107244],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,107245,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107247,107248,107250,107252,107254],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,107249,117],{"class":116},[55,107251,120],{"class":69},[55,107253,194],{"class":123},[55,107255,103],{"class":69},[14,107257,314],{},[45,107259,107261],{"className":47,"code":107260,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{2, 3}\n",[52,107262,107263],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107264,107265,107267,107269,107271,107273],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107266,8875],{"class":69},[55,107268,309],{"class":130},[55,107270,83],{"class":69},[55,107272,2036],{"class":130},[55,107274,8906],{"class":69},[14,107276,107277,107278,107280],{},"Choose ",[52,107279,102383],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[37,107282,4109],{"id":4108},[14,107284,14330,107285,854],{},[52,107286,102383],{},[21,107288,107289,107292,107295,107298],{},[24,107290,107291],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[24,107293,107294],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[24,107296,107297],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[24,107299,107300,107301],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[52,107302,102383],{},[14,107304,107305],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[21,107307,107308,107313,107316,107329],{},[24,107309,8012,107310,107312],{},[52,107311,102383],{}," when order matters",[24,107314,107315],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[24,107317,36800,107318,8301,107320,2465,107325],{},[52,107319,102383],{},[194,107321,107323],{"href":107322},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[52,107324,102391],{},[194,107326,107327],{"href":102432},[52,107328,100006],{},[24,107330,107331],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[14,107333,29733],{},[45,107335,107337],{"className":47,"code":107336,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[52,107338,107339,107349,107363,107381],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107340,107341,107343,107345,107347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107342,117],{"class":116},[55,107344,120],{"class":69},[55,107346,15264],{"class":123},[55,107348,103],{"class":69},[55,107350,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359,107361],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107352,117],{"class":116},[55,107354,120],{"class":69},[55,107356,1396],{"class":850},[55,107358,120],{"class":69},[55,107360,1849],{"class":123},[55,107362,1357],{"class":69},[55,107364,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377,107379],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,107366,117],{"class":116},[55,107368,120],{"class":69},[55,107370,100177],{"class":123},[55,107372,198],{"class":69},[55,107374,106235],{"class":123},[55,107376,120],{"class":69},[55,107378,100186],{"class":123},[55,107380,1357],{"class":69},[55,107382,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391,107393],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,107384,117],{"class":116},[55,107386,120],{"class":69},[55,107388,940],{"class":116},[55,107390,120],{"class":69},[55,107392,1849],{"class":123},[55,107394,1357],{"class":69},[14,107396,233],{},[45,107398,107400],{"className":47,"code":107399,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[52,107401,107402,107426,107446,107450,107468,107472,107482,107492,107506],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107403,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422,107424],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107405,243],{"class":61},[55,107407,66],{"class":65},[55,107409,10088],{"class":69},[55,107411,152],{"class":130},[55,107413,83],{"class":69},[55,107415,976],{"class":130},[55,107417,83],{"class":69},[55,107419,976],{"class":130},[55,107421,83],{"class":69},[55,107423,2036],{"class":130},[55,107425,8906],{"class":69},[55,107427,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442,107444],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107429,43146],{"class":61},[55,107431,66],{"class":65},[55,107433,10088],{"class":69},[55,107435,309],{"class":130},[55,107437,83],{"class":69},[55,107439,2036],{"class":130},[55,107441,83],{"class":69},[55,107443,2042],{"class":130},[55,107445,8906],{"class":69},[55,107447,107448],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,107449,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107451,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464,107466],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,107453,1814],{"class":61},[55,107455,66],{"class":65},[55,107457,3852],{"class":61},[55,107459,198],{"class":69},[55,107461,106235],{"class":123},[55,107463,120],{"class":69},[55,107465,30341],{"class":123},[55,107467,103],{"class":69},[55,107469,107470],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,107471,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107473,107474,107476,107478,107480],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,107475,117],{"class":116},[55,107477,120],{"class":69},[55,107479,275],{"class":123},[55,107481,103],{"class":69},[55,107483,107484,107486,107488,107490],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,107485,117],{"class":116},[55,107487,120],{"class":69},[55,107489,1849],{"class":123},[55,107491,103],{"class":69},[55,107493,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502,107504],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,107495,117],{"class":116},[55,107497,120],{"class":69},[55,107499,1396],{"class":850},[55,107501,120],{"class":69},[55,107503,1849],{"class":123},[55,107505,1357],{"class":69},[55,107507,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516,107518],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,107509,117],{"class":116},[55,107511,120],{"class":69},[55,107513,940],{"class":116},[55,107515,120],{"class":69},[55,107517,1849],{"class":123},[55,107519,1357],{"class":69},[14,107521,314],{},[45,107523,107525],{"className":47,"code":107524,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[52,107526,107527,107543,107555,107569],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107528,107529,107531,107533,107535,107537,107539,107541],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107530,8875],{"class":69},[55,107532,152],{"class":130},[55,107534,83],{"class":69},[55,107536,976],{"class":130},[55,107538,83],{"class":69},[55,107540,2036],{"class":130},[55,107542,8906],{"class":69},[55,107544,107545,107547,107549,107551,107553],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107546,8875],{"class":69},[55,107548,309],{"class":130},[55,107550,83],{"class":69},[55,107552,2036],{"class":130},[55,107554,8906],{"class":69},[55,107556,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565,107567],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,107558,2878],{"class":65},[55,107560,2881],{"class":1648},[55,107562,2884],{"class":73},[55,107564,5881],{"class":77},[55,107566,2889],{"class":73},[55,107568,2892],{"class":65},[55,107570,107571],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,107572,16654],{"class":130},[14,107574,107575,107576,107578],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[52,107577,309],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[37,107580,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,107582,12304,107584,102331],{"id":107583},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[52,107585,102383],{},[14,107587,102334],{},[1425,107589,4761,107591,107593],{"id":107590},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[52,107592,102383],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[14,107595,107596],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[1425,107598,107600],{"id":107599},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[14,107602,107603],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[1425,107605,107607],{"id":107606},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[14,107609,107610],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[45,107612,107613],{"className":47,"code":97050,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,107614,107615],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107616,107617,107619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107618,5881],{"class":850},[55,107620,8239],{"class":69},[37,107622,1495],{"id":1494},[21,107624,107625,107629,107636,107642],{},[24,107626,107627],{},[194,107628,95920],{"href":95919},[24,107630,107631],{},[194,107632,3165,107633,10339],{"href":107322},[52,107634,107635],{},"set.union()",[24,107637,107638],{},[194,107639,3165,107640,10339],{"href":102432},[52,107641,100011],{},[24,107643,107644],{},[194,107645,99936],{"href":104935},[1524,107647,107648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":107650},[107651,107653,107654,107655,107656,107658,107663,107664,107672],{"id":106264,"depth":106,"text":107652},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":106772,"depth":106,"text":107657},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107023,"depth":106,"text":107659,"children":107660},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107661,107662],{"id":106235,"depth":113,"text":102383},{"id":107169,"depth":113,"text":107028},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":107665},[107666,107668,107670,107671],{"id":107583,"depth":113,"text":107667},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107590,"depth":113,"text":107669},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107599,"depth":113,"text":107600},{"id":107606,"depth":113,"text":107607},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106157,"description":107673},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107680,"title":107681,"body":107682,"description":108918,"extension":1546,"meta":108919,"navigation":109,"path":108920,"seo":108921,"stem":108922,"__hash__":108923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107683,"toc":108885},[107684,107689,107695,107704,107706,107781,107786,107801,107811,107816,107820,107833,107837,107839,107854,107856,107872,107874,107949,107953,107956,107958,107975,107980,108035,108040,108052,108056,108059,108160,108162,108203,108206,108210,108217,108219,108244,108247,108265,108272,108278,108281,108363,108370,108373,108453,108462,108465,108470,108474,108488,108537,108542,108546,108557,108606,108617,108622,108626,108638,108687,108698,108700,108704,108727,108729,108786,108788,108802,108804,108810,108816,108822,108831,108835,108842,108846,108854,108856,108882],[10,107685,95792,107687,10920],{"id":107686},"python-set-pop-method",[52,107688,12363],{},[14,107690,107691,107694],{},[52,107692,107693],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[14,107696,107697,107698,107700,107701,107703],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3332,107699,4222],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[52,107702,12363],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[37,107705,1588],{"id":1587},[45,107707,107709],{"className":47,"code":107708,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[52,107710,107711,107743,107757,107761,107771],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107712,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739,107741],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107714,7375],{"class":61},[55,107716,66],{"class":65},[55,107718,10088],{"class":69},[55,107720,74],{"class":73},[55,107722,407],{"class":77},[55,107724,74],{"class":73},[55,107726,83],{"class":69},[55,107728,86],{"class":73},[55,107730,416],{"class":77},[55,107732,74],{"class":73},[55,107734,83],{"class":69},[55,107736,86],{"class":73},[55,107738,425],{"class":77},[55,107740,74],{"class":73},[55,107742,8906],{"class":69},[55,107744,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753,107755],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107746,69528],{"class":61},[55,107748,66],{"class":65},[55,107750,5559],{"class":61},[55,107752,198],{"class":69},[55,107754,25837],{"class":123},[55,107756,8239],{"class":69},[55,107758,107759],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,107760,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107762,107763,107765,107767,107769],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,107764,117],{"class":116},[55,107766,120],{"class":69},[55,107768,69551],{"class":123},[55,107770,103],{"class":69},[55,107772,107773,107775,107777,107779],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,107774,117],{"class":116},[55,107776,120],{"class":69},[55,107778,7404],{"class":123},[55,107780,103],{"class":69},[14,107782,107783],{},[3332,107784,107785],{},"What this does:",[21,107787,107788,107793,107798],{},[24,107789,107790,107791],{},"Removes one item from ",[52,107792,7404],{},[24,107794,107795,107796],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[52,107797,69551],{},[24,107799,107800],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[14,107802,107803,88553,107805,107807,107808,107810],{},[3332,107804,83411],{},[52,107806,107693],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3332,107809,4222],{}," chosen by index.",[37,107812,3265,107814,3268],{"id":107813},"what-setpop-does",[52,107815,107693],{},[14,107817,107818,854],{},[52,107819,107693],{},[21,107821,107822,107824,107827,107830],{},[24,107823,102634],{},[24,107825,107826],{},"Returns the removed item",[24,107828,107829],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[24,107831,107832],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[14,107834,95916,107835,198],{},[194,107836,95920],{"href":97091},[37,107838,1740],{"id":1739},[45,107840,107842],{"className":47,"code":107841,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set.pop()\n",[52,107843,107844],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107845,107846,107848,107850,107852],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107847,15264],{"class":61},[55,107849,198],{"class":69},[55,107851,25837],{"class":123},[55,107853,8239],{"class":69},[14,107855,12652],{},[21,107857,107858,107864,107869],{},[24,107859,107860,107861],{},"The syntax is ",[52,107862,107863],{},"my_set.pop()",[24,107865,107866,107867],{},"It takes ",[3332,107868,28285],{},[24,107870,107871],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[14,107873,233],{},[45,107875,107877],{"className":47,"code":107876,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[52,107878,107879,107911,107925,107929,107939],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107880,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905,107907,107909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107882,62],{"class":61},[55,107884,66],{"class":65},[55,107886,10088],{"class":69},[55,107888,74],{"class":73},[55,107890,78],{"class":77},[55,107892,74],{"class":73},[55,107894,83],{"class":69},[55,107896,86],{"class":73},[55,107898,98],{"class":77},[55,107900,74],{"class":73},[55,107902,83],{"class":69},[55,107904,86],{"class":73},[55,107906,89],{"class":77},[55,107908,74],{"class":73},[55,107910,8906],{"class":69},[55,107912,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,107914,28135],{"class":61},[55,107916,66],{"class":65},[55,107918,12721],{"class":61},[55,107920,198],{"class":69},[55,107922,25837],{"class":123},[55,107924,8239],{"class":69},[55,107926,107927],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,107928,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,107930,107931,107933,107935,107937],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,107932,117],{"class":116},[55,107934,120],{"class":69},[55,107936,22907],{"class":123},[55,107938,103],{"class":69},[55,107940,107941,107943,107945,107947],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,107942,117],{"class":116},[55,107944,120],{"class":69},[55,107946,124],{"class":123},[55,107948,103],{"class":69},[37,107950,107952],{"id":107951},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[14,107954,107955],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[14,107957,1690],{},[21,107959,107960,107966,107969],{},[24,107961,107962,107963,107965],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[52,107964,12363],{}," removes",[24,107967,107968],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[24,107970,107971,107972,107974],{},"You should not use ",[52,107973,12363],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[14,107976,10058,107977,107979],{},[3332,107978,4222],{}," valid:",[45,107981,107983],{"className":47,"code":107982,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[52,107984,107985,108017],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,107986,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013,108015],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,107988,398],{"class":61},[55,107990,66],{"class":65},[55,107992,10088],{"class":69},[55,107994,74],{"class":73},[55,107996,407],{"class":77},[55,107998,74],{"class":73},[55,108000,83],{"class":69},[55,108002,86],{"class":73},[55,108004,416],{"class":77},[55,108006,74],{"class":73},[55,108008,83],{"class":69},[55,108010,86],{"class":73},[55,108012,425],{"class":77},[55,108014,74],{"class":73},[55,108016,8906],{"class":69},[55,108018,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031,108033],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108020,442],{"class":61},[55,108022,198],{"class":69},[55,108024,25837],{"class":123},[55,108026,120],{"class":69},[55,108028,74],{"class":73},[55,108030,407],{"class":77},[55,108032,74],{"class":73},[55,108034,103],{"class":69},[14,108036,39249,108037,108039],{},[52,108038,107693],{}," does not accept a value.",[14,108041,108042,108043,2465,108047,198],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[194,108044,108045],{"href":97801},[52,108046,102460],{},[194,108048,108050],{"href":108049},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[52,108051,102451],{},[37,108053,108055],{"id":108054},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[14,108057,108058],{},"Here is a simple example:",[45,108060,108062],{"className":47,"code":108061,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[52,108063,108064,108098,108102,108118,108122,108141],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108065,108066,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108091,108094,108096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108067,108068],{"class":61},"animals ",[55,108070,66],{"class":65},[55,108072,10088],{"class":69},[55,108074,74],{"class":73},[55,108076,36643],{"class":77},[55,108078,74],{"class":73},[55,108080,83],{"class":69},[55,108082,86],{"class":73},[55,108084,57724],{"class":77},[55,108086,74],{"class":73},[55,108088,83],{"class":69},[55,108090,86],{"class":73},[55,108092,108093],{"class":77},"rabbit",[55,108095,74],{"class":73},[55,108097,8906],{"class":69},[55,108099,108100],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108101,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,108103,108104,108107,108109,108112,108114,108116],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,108105,108106],{"class":61},"removed_animal ",[55,108108,66],{"class":65},[55,108110,108111],{"class":61}," animals",[55,108113,198],{"class":69},[55,108115,25837],{"class":123},[55,108117,8239],{"class":69},[55,108119,108120],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,108121,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,108123,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108136,108139],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,108125,117],{"class":116},[55,108127,120],{"class":69},[55,108129,74],{"class":73},[55,108131,28553],{"class":77},[55,108133,74],{"class":73},[55,108135,83],{"class":69},[55,108137,108138],{"class":123}," removed_animal",[55,108140,103],{"class":69},[55,108142,108143,108145,108147,108149,108152,108154,108156,108158],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,108144,117],{"class":116},[55,108146,120],{"class":69},[55,108148,74],{"class":73},[55,108150,108151],{"class":77},"Updated set:",[55,108153,74],{"class":73},[55,108155,83],{"class":69},[55,108157,108111],{"class":123},[55,108159,103],{"class":69},[14,108161,29627],{},[45,108163,108165],{"className":47,"code":108164,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[52,108166,108167,108176],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108168,108169,108171,108173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108170,28595],{"class":61},[55,108172,854],{"class":69},[55,108174,108175],{"class":61}," dog\n",[55,108177,108178,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199,108201],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108179,108180],{"class":61},"Updated ",[55,108182,5881],{"class":850},[55,108184,854],{"class":69},[55,108186,10088],{"class":69},[55,108188,2889],{"class":73},[55,108190,36643],{"class":77},[55,108192,2889],{"class":73},[55,108194,83],{"class":69},[55,108196,2884],{"class":73},[55,108198,108093],{"class":77},[55,108200,2889],{"class":73},[55,108202,8906],{"class":69},[14,108204,108205],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[37,108207,108209],{"id":108208},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[14,108211,29247,108212,108214,108215,198],{},[52,108213,12363],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[52,108216,19284],{},[14,108218,233],{},[45,108220,108222],{"className":47,"code":108221,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[52,108223,108224,108234],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108225,108226,108228,108230,108232],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108227,7375],{"class":61},[55,108229,66],{"class":65},[55,108231,15231],{"class":850},[55,108233,8239],{"class":69},[55,108235,108236,108238,108240,108242],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108237,7404],{"class":61},[55,108239,198],{"class":69},[55,108241,25837],{"class":123},[55,108243,8239],{"class":69},[14,108245,108246],{},"This raises:",[45,108248,108250],{"className":47,"code":108249,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[52,108251,108252],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108253,108254,108256,108258,108260,108263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108255,19284],{"class":850},[55,108257,854],{"class":69},[55,108259,2884],{"class":73},[55,108261,108262],{"class":77},"pop from an empty set",[55,108264,29297],{"class":73},[14,108266,108267,108268,108271],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[194,108269,108270],{"href":10673},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[1425,108273,108275,108276],{"id":108274},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[52,108277,12363],{},[14,108279,108280],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[45,108282,108284],{"className":47,"code":108283,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[52,108285,108286,108296,108300,108308,108323,108342,108348],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108287,108288,108290,108292,108294],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108289,7375],{"class":61},[55,108291,66],{"class":65},[55,108293,15231],{"class":850},[55,108295,8239],{"class":69},[55,108297,108298],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108299,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,108301,108302,108304,108306],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,108303,960],{"class":959},[55,108305,5559],{"class":61},[55,108307,979],{"class":69},[55,108309,108310,108313,108315,108317,108319,108321],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,108311,108312],{"class":61},"    removed ",[55,108314,66],{"class":65},[55,108316,5559],{"class":61},[55,108318,198],{"class":69},[55,108320,25837],{"class":123},[55,108322,8239],{"class":69},[55,108324,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108337,108340],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,108326,985],{"class":116},[55,108328,120],{"class":69},[55,108330,74],{"class":73},[55,108332,28553],{"class":77},[55,108334,74],{"class":73},[55,108336,83],{"class":69},[55,108338,108339],{"class":123}," removed",[55,108341,103],{"class":69},[55,108343,108344,108346],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,108345,27030],{"class":959},[55,108347,979],{"class":69},[55,108349,108350,108352,108354,108356,108359,108361],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,108351,985],{"class":116},[55,108353,120],{"class":69},[55,108355,74],{"class":73},[55,108357,108358],{"class":77},"The set is empty.",[55,108360,74],{"class":73},[55,108362,103],{"class":69},[1425,108364,1440,108366,3983,108368],{"id":108365},"use-try-and-except",[52,108367,29401],{},[52,108369,29432],{},[14,108371,108372],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[45,108374,108376],{"className":47,"code":108375,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[52,108377,108378,108388,108392,108398,108412,108430,108438],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108379,108380,108382,108384,108386],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108381,7375],{"class":61},[55,108383,66],{"class":65},[55,108385,15231],{"class":850},[55,108387,8239],{"class":69},[55,108389,108390],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108391,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,108393,108394,108396],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,108395,29401],{"class":959},[55,108397,979],{"class":69},[55,108399,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408,108410],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,108401,108312],{"class":61},[55,108403,66],{"class":65},[55,108405,5559],{"class":61},[55,108407,198],{"class":69},[55,108409,25837],{"class":123},[55,108411,8239],{"class":69},[55,108413,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426,108428],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,108415,985],{"class":116},[55,108417,120],{"class":69},[55,108419,74],{"class":73},[55,108421,28553],{"class":77},[55,108423,74],{"class":73},[55,108425,83],{"class":69},[55,108427,108339],{"class":123},[55,108429,103],{"class":69},[55,108431,108432,108434,108436],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,108433,29432],{"class":959},[55,108435,29435],{"class":850},[55,108437,979],{"class":69},[55,108439,108440,108442,108444,108446,108449,108451],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,108441,985],{"class":116},[55,108443,120],{"class":69},[55,108445,74],{"class":73},[55,108447,108448],{"class":77},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[55,108450,74],{"class":73},[55,108452,103],{"class":69},[37,108454,4553,108456,10183,108458,10183,108460],{"id":108455},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[52,108457,12363],{},[52,108459,55125],{},[52,108461,102446],{},[14,108463,108464],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[1425,108466,1440,108468],{"id":108467},"use-pop",[52,108469,12363],{},[14,108471,1440,108472,10199],{},[52,108473,12363],{},[21,108475,108476,108482,108485],{},[24,108477,108478,108479],{},"You want to remove ",[3332,108480,108481],{},"any one item",[24,108483,108484],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[24,108486,108487],{},"You want the removed item returned",[45,108489,108491],{"className":47,"code":108490,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[52,108492,108493,108513,108527],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108494,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509,108511],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108496,243],{"class":61},[55,108498,66],{"class":65},[55,108500,10088],{"class":69},[55,108502,152],{"class":130},[55,108504,83],{"class":69},[55,108506,976],{"class":130},[55,108508,83],{"class":69},[55,108510,2036],{"class":130},[55,108512,8906],{"class":69},[55,108514,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523,108525],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108516,2031],{"class":61},[55,108518,66],{"class":65},[55,108520,3852],{"class":61},[55,108522,198],{"class":69},[55,108524,25837],{"class":123},[55,108526,8239],{"class":69},[55,108528,108529,108531,108533,108535],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,108530,117],{"class":116},[55,108532,120],{"class":69},[55,108534,2058],{"class":123},[55,108536,103],{"class":69},[1425,108538,1440,108540],{"id":108539},"use-remove",[52,108541,55125],{},[14,108543,1440,108544,10199],{},[52,108545,55125],{},[21,108547,108548,108554],{},[24,108549,108550,108551],{},"You want to delete a ",[3332,108552,108553],{},"specific item",[24,108555,108556],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[45,108558,108560],{"className":47,"code":108559,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,108561,108562,108582,108596],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108563,108564,108566,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578,108580],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108565,243],{"class":61},[55,108567,66],{"class":65},[55,108569,10088],{"class":69},[55,108571,152],{"class":130},[55,108573,83],{"class":69},[55,108575,976],{"class":130},[55,108577,83],{"class":69},[55,108579,2036],{"class":130},[55,108581,8906],{"class":69},[55,108583,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592,108594],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108585,275],{"class":61},[55,108587,198],{"class":69},[55,108589,34394],{"class":123},[55,108591,120],{"class":69},[55,108593,309],{"class":130},[55,108595,103],{"class":69},[55,108597,108598,108600,108602,108604],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,108599,117],{"class":116},[55,108601,120],{"class":69},[55,108603,275],{"class":123},[55,108605,103],{"class":69},[14,108607,108608,108609,108611,108612,108616],{},"If the item is missing, ",[52,108610,55125],{}," raises an error. See the ",[194,108613,108614,10339],{"href":97801},[52,108615,102460],{}," for details.",[1425,108618,1440,108620],{"id":108619},"use-discard",[52,108621,102446],{},[14,108623,1440,108624,10199],{},[52,108625,102446],{},[21,108627,108628,108632],{},[24,108629,108550,108630],{},[3332,108631,108553],{},[24,108633,108634,108635,108637],{},"You do ",[3332,108636,4222],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[45,108639,108641],{"className":47,"code":108640,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,108642,108643,108663,108677],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108644,108645,108647,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659,108661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108646,243],{"class":61},[55,108648,66],{"class":65},[55,108650,10088],{"class":69},[55,108652,152],{"class":130},[55,108654,83],{"class":69},[55,108656,976],{"class":130},[55,108658,83],{"class":69},[55,108660,2036],{"class":130},[55,108662,8906],{"class":69},[55,108664,108665,108667,108669,108671,108673,108675],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108666,275],{"class":61},[55,108668,198],{"class":69},[55,108670,102513],{"class":123},[55,108672,120],{"class":69},[55,108674,817],{"class":130},[55,108676,103],{"class":69},[55,108678,108679,108681,108683,108685],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,108680,117],{"class":116},[55,108682,120],{"class":69},[55,108684,275],{"class":123},[55,108686,103],{"class":69},[14,108688,108689,108690,108692,108693,108697],{},"This does nothing if ",[52,108691,817],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[194,108694,108695,10339],{"href":108049},[52,108696,102451],{}," for more examples.",[37,108699,1298],{"id":1297},[14,108701,71071,108702,854],{},[52,108703,107693],{},[21,108705,108706,108712,108717,108722],{},[24,108707,108708,108709],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[52,108710,108711],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[24,108713,8048,108714,108716],{},[52,108715,12363],{}," to remove the first or last item",[24,108718,29247,108719,108721],{},[52,108720,12363],{}," on an empty set",[24,108723,8012,108724,108726],{},[52,108725,12363],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[14,108728,1326],{},[45,108730,108732],{"className":47,"code":108731,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[52,108733,108734,108744,108758,108772],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108735,108736,108738,108740,108742],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108737,117],{"class":116},[55,108739,120],{"class":69},[55,108741,15264],{"class":123},[55,108743,103],{"class":69},[55,108745,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754,108756],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108747,117],{"class":116},[55,108749,120],{"class":69},[55,108751,940],{"class":116},[55,108753,120],{"class":69},[55,108755,15264],{"class":123},[55,108757,1357],{"class":69},[55,108759,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768,108770],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,108761,117],{"class":116},[55,108763,120],{"class":69},[55,108765,1396],{"class":850},[55,108767,120],{"class":69},[55,108769,15264],{"class":123},[55,108771,1357],{"class":69},[55,108773,108774,108776,108778,108780,108782,108784],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,108775,28135],{"class":61},[55,108777,66],{"class":65},[55,108779,96516],{"class":61},[55,108781,198],{"class":69},[55,108783,25837],{"class":123},[55,108785,8239],{"class":69},[14,108787,25605],{},[21,108789,108790,108793,108796,108799],{},[24,108791,108792],{},"What values are in the set",[24,108794,108795],{},"Whether the set is empty",[24,108797,108798],{},"That the object is really a set",[24,108800,108801],{},"What value was actually removed",[37,108803,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,108805,12304,108807,108809],{"id":108806},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[52,108808,107693],{}," remove the first item?",[14,108811,108812,108813,108815],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[52,108814,12363],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[1425,108817,108819,108820,2078],{"id":108818},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[52,108821,107693],{},[14,108823,108824,108825,108827,108828,108830],{},"No. Unlike list ",[52,108826,12363],{},", set ",[52,108829,12363],{}," does not accept an index.",[1425,108832,108834],{"id":108833},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[14,108836,71240,108837,44227,108839,108841],{},[52,108838,19284],{},[52,108840,12363],{}," is called on an empty set.",[1425,108843,108845],{"id":108844},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[14,108847,1440,108848,2465,108850,1309,108852,198],{},[52,108849,55125],{},[52,108851,102446],{},[52,108853,12363],{},[37,108855,1495],{"id":1494},[21,108857,108858,108862,108868,108874,108878],{},[24,108859,108860],{},[194,108861,95920],{"href":97091},[24,108863,108864],{},[194,108865,96406,108866,10339],{"href":97801},[52,108867,55125],{},[24,108869,108870],{},[194,108871,96406,108872,10339],{"href":108049},[52,108873,102446],{},[24,108875,108876],{},[194,108877,10860],{"href":10673},[24,108879,108880],{},[194,108881,55111],{"href":54663},[1524,108883,108884],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":108886},[108887,108888,108890,108891,108892,108893,108899,108908,108909,108917],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":107813,"depth":106,"text":108889},"What set.pop() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":107951,"depth":106,"text":107952},{"id":108054,"depth":106,"text":108055},{"id":108208,"depth":106,"text":108209,"children":108894},[108895,108897],{"id":108274,"depth":113,"text":108896},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108365,"depth":113,"text":108898},"Use try and except",{"id":108455,"depth":106,"text":108900,"children":108901},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108902,108904,108906],{"id":108467,"depth":113,"text":108903},"Use pop()",{"id":108539,"depth":113,"text":108905},"Use remove()",{"id":108619,"depth":113,"text":108907},"Use discard()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":108910},[108911,108913,108915,108916],{"id":108806,"depth":113,"text":108912},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108818,"depth":113,"text":108914},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108833,"depth":113,"text":108834},{"id":108844,"depth":113,"text":108845},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107681,"description":108918},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108925,"title":108926,"body":108927,"description":110081,"extension":1546,"meta":110082,"navigation":109,"path":110083,"seo":110084,"stem":110085,"__hash__":110086},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108928,"toc":110049},[108929,108934,108939,108948,108950,109015,109019,109043,109050,109055,109059,109074,109077,109079,109098,109112,109115,109163,109167,109183,109185,109258,109262,109287,109293,109301,109305,109312,109367,109372,109389,109395,109401,109406,109414,109421,109425,109433,109488,109490,109507,109511,109518,109583,109587,109620,109622,109634,109641,109643,109648,109655,109657,109726,109730,109738,109740,109804,109808,109813,109860,109865,109933,109941,109948,109951,109957,109962,109966,109968,109971,109973,109978,109983,109989,109994,110001,110009,110015,110018,110020,110046],[10,108930,95792,108932,10920],{"id":108931},"python-set-remove-method",[52,108933,55125],{},[14,108935,108936,108938],{},[52,108937,102460],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[14,108940,108941,108942,108945,108946,198],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3332,108943,108944],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[52,108947,19284],{},[37,108949,1588],{"id":1587},[45,108951,108953],{"className":47,"code":108952,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[52,108954,108955,108987,109005],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,108956,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983,108985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,108958,62],{"class":61},[55,108960,66],{"class":65},[55,108962,10088],{"class":69},[55,108964,74],{"class":73},[55,108966,78],{"class":77},[55,108968,74],{"class":73},[55,108970,83],{"class":69},[55,108972,86],{"class":73},[55,108974,98],{"class":77},[55,108976,74],{"class":73},[55,108978,83],{"class":69},[55,108980,86],{"class":73},[55,108982,89],{"class":77},[55,108984,74],{"class":73},[55,108986,8906],{"class":69},[55,108988,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001,109003],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,108990,124],{"class":61},[55,108992,198],{"class":69},[55,108994,34394],{"class":123},[55,108996,120],{"class":69},[55,108998,74],{"class":73},[55,109000,98],{"class":77},[55,109002,74],{"class":73},[55,109004,103],{"class":69},[55,109006,109007,109009,109011,109013],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,109008,117],{"class":116},[55,109010,120],{"class":69},[55,109012,124],{"class":123},[55,109014,103],{"class":69},[14,109016,109017],{},[3332,109018,29627],{},[45,109020,109021],{"className":47,"code":103140,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,109022,109023],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109024,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033,109035,109037,109039,109041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109026,8875],{"class":69},[55,109028,2889],{"class":73},[55,109030,78],{"class":77},[55,109032,2889],{"class":73},[55,109034,83],{"class":69},[55,109036,2884],{"class":73},[55,109038,89],{"class":77},[55,109040,2889],{"class":73},[55,109042,8906],{"class":69},[14,109044,1440,109045,109047,109048,198],{},[52,109046,55125],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[52,109049,19284],{},[37,109051,3265,109053,3268],{"id":109052},"what-setremove-does",[52,109054,102460],{},[14,109056,109057,854],{},[52,109058,102460],{},[21,109060,109061,109064,109066,109068],{},[24,109062,109063],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[24,109065,95907],{},[24,109067,95910],{},[24,109069,109070,109071,109073],{},"Raises ",[52,109072,19284],{}," if the value is missing",[14,109075,109076],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[37,109078,1740],{"id":1739},[45,109080,109082],{"className":47,"code":109081,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[52,109083,109084],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109085,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094,109096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109087,15264],{"class":61},[55,109089,198],{"class":69},[55,109091,34394],{"class":123},[55,109093,120],{"class":69},[55,109095,2058],{"class":123},[55,109097,103],{"class":69},[21,109099,109100,109104,109109],{},[24,109101,109102,102682],{},[52,109103,15264],{},[24,109105,109106,109108],{},[52,109107,2058],{}," is the item to remove",[24,109110,109111],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[14,109113,109114],{},"Here is a small example:",[45,109116,109117],{"className":47,"code":108559,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,109118,109119,109139,109153],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109120,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135,109137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109122,243],{"class":61},[55,109124,66],{"class":65},[55,109126,10088],{"class":69},[55,109128,152],{"class":130},[55,109130,83],{"class":69},[55,109132,976],{"class":130},[55,109134,83],{"class":69},[55,109136,2036],{"class":130},[55,109138,8906],{"class":69},[55,109140,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149,109151],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109142,275],{"class":61},[55,109144,198],{"class":69},[55,109146,34394],{"class":123},[55,109148,120],{"class":69},[55,109150,309],{"class":130},[55,109152,103],{"class":69},[55,109154,109155,109157,109159,109161],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,109156,117],{"class":116},[55,109158,120],{"class":69},[55,109160,275],{"class":123},[55,109162,103],{"class":69},[14,109164,109165],{},[3332,109166,29627],{},[45,109168,109169],{"className":47,"code":100890,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,109170,109171],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109172,109173,109175,109177,109179,109181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109174,8875],{"class":69},[55,109176,152],{"class":130},[55,109178,83],{"class":69},[55,109180,2036],{"class":130},[55,109182,8906],{"class":69},[37,109184,11073],{"id":11072},[45,109186,109188],{"className":47,"code":109187,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[52,109189,109190,109222,109226,109244,109248],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109191,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218,109220],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109193,398],{"class":61},[55,109195,66],{"class":65},[55,109197,10088],{"class":69},[55,109199,74],{"class":73},[55,109201,407],{"class":77},[55,109203,74],{"class":73},[55,109205,83],{"class":69},[55,109207,86],{"class":73},[55,109209,416],{"class":77},[55,109211,74],{"class":73},[55,109213,83],{"class":69},[55,109215,86],{"class":73},[55,109217,32820],{"class":77},[55,109219,74],{"class":73},[55,109221,8906],{"class":69},[55,109223,109224],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109225,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,109227,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240,109242],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,109229,442],{"class":61},[55,109231,198],{"class":69},[55,109233,34394],{"class":123},[55,109235,120],{"class":69},[55,109237,74],{"class":73},[55,109239,416],{"class":77},[55,109241,74],{"class":73},[55,109243,103],{"class":69},[55,109245,109246],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,109247,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,109249,109250,109252,109254,109256],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,109251,117],{"class":116},[55,109253,120],{"class":69},[55,109255,442],{"class":123},[55,109257,103],{"class":69},[14,109259,109260],{},[3332,109261,29627],{},[45,109263,109265],{"className":47,"code":109264,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[52,109266,109267],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109268,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283,109285],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109270,8875],{"class":69},[55,109272,2889],{"class":73},[55,109274,407],{"class":77},[55,109276,2889],{"class":73},[55,109278,83],{"class":69},[55,109280,2884],{"class":73},[55,109282,32820],{"class":77},[55,109284,2889],{"class":73},[55,109286,8906],{"class":69},[14,109288,109289,109290,109292],{},"This removes ",[52,109291,64870],{}," from the set.",[14,109294,109295,109296,109298,109299,198],{},"A set does ",[3332,109297,4222],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[194,109300,95924],{"href":97475},[37,109302,109304],{"id":109303},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[14,109306,109307,109308,52090,109310,198],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[52,109309,55125],{},[52,109311,19284],{},[45,109313,109315],{"className":47,"code":109314,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[52,109316,109317,109349],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109318,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345,109347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109320,62],{"class":61},[55,109322,66],{"class":65},[55,109324,10088],{"class":69},[55,109326,74],{"class":73},[55,109328,78],{"class":77},[55,109330,74],{"class":73},[55,109332,83],{"class":69},[55,109334,86],{"class":73},[55,109336,98],{"class":77},[55,109338,74],{"class":73},[55,109340,83],{"class":69},[55,109342,86],{"class":73},[55,109344,89],{"class":77},[55,109346,74],{"class":73},[55,109348,8906],{"class":69},[55,109350,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363,109365],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109352,124],{"class":61},[55,109354,198],{"class":69},[55,109356,34394],{"class":123},[55,109358,120],{"class":69},[55,109360,74],{"class":73},[55,109362,1285],{"class":77},[55,109364,74],{"class":73},[55,109366,103],{"class":69},[14,109368,109369],{},[3332,109370,109371],{},"Result:",[45,109373,109375],{"className":47,"code":109374,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[52,109376,109377],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109378,109379,109381,109383,109385,109387],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109380,19284],{"class":850},[55,109382,854],{"class":69},[55,109384,2884],{"class":73},[55,109386,1285],{"class":77},[55,109388,29297],{"class":73},[14,109390,21786,109391,109394],{},[52,109392,109393],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[14,109396,109397,109398,109400],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[52,109399,55125],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[14,109402,109403,109404,198],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[194,109405,10860],{"href":10673},[37,109407,3787,109409,109411,109412],{"id":109408},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[52,109410,55125],{}," is different from ",[52,109413,102446],{},[14,109415,109416,3983,109418,109420],{},[52,109417,55125],{},[52,109419,102446],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[1425,109422,109423],{"id":34394},[52,109424,55125],{},[21,109426,109427,109430],{},[24,109428,109429],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[24,109431,109432],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[45,109434,109436],{"className":47,"code":109435,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[52,109437,109438,109470],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109439,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464,109466,109468],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109441,769],{"class":61},[55,109443,66],{"class":65},[55,109445,10088],{"class":69},[55,109447,74],{"class":73},[55,109449,194],{"class":77},[55,109451,74],{"class":73},[55,109453,83],{"class":69},[55,109455,86],{"class":73},[55,109457,786],{"class":77},[55,109459,74],{"class":73},[55,109461,83],{"class":69},[55,109463,86],{"class":73},[55,109465,795],{"class":77},[55,109467,74],{"class":73},[55,109469,8906],{"class":69},[55,109471,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482,109484,109486],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109473,812],{"class":61},[55,109475,198],{"class":69},[55,109477,34394],{"class":123},[55,109479,120],{"class":69},[55,109481,74],{"class":73},[55,109483,18365],{"class":77},[55,109485,74],{"class":73},[55,109487,103],{"class":69},[14,109489,108246],{},[45,109491,109493],{"className":47,"code":109492,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[52,109494,109495],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109496,109497,109499,109501,109503,109505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109498,19284],{"class":850},[55,109500,854],{"class":69},[55,109502,2884],{"class":73},[55,109504,18365],{"class":77},[55,109506,29297],{"class":73},[1425,109508,109509],{"id":102513},[52,109510,102446],{},[21,109512,109513,109515],{},[24,109514,109429],{},[24,109516,109517],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[45,109519,109521],{"className":47,"code":109520,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,109522,109523,109555,109573],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109524,109525,109527,109529,109531,109533,109535,109537,109539,109541,109543,109545,109547,109549,109551,109553],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109526,769],{"class":61},[55,109528,66],{"class":65},[55,109530,10088],{"class":69},[55,109532,74],{"class":73},[55,109534,194],{"class":77},[55,109536,74],{"class":73},[55,109538,83],{"class":69},[55,109540,86],{"class":73},[55,109542,786],{"class":77},[55,109544,74],{"class":73},[55,109546,83],{"class":69},[55,109548,86],{"class":73},[55,109550,795],{"class":77},[55,109552,74],{"class":73},[55,109554,8906],{"class":69},[55,109556,109557,109559,109561,109563,109565,109567,109569,109571],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109558,812],{"class":61},[55,109560,198],{"class":69},[55,109562,102513],{"class":123},[55,109564,120],{"class":69},[55,109566,74],{"class":73},[55,109568,18365],{"class":77},[55,109570,74],{"class":73},[55,109572,103],{"class":69},[55,109574,109575,109577,109579,109581],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,109576,117],{"class":116},[55,109578,120],{"class":69},[55,109580,812],{"class":123},[55,109582,103],{"class":69},[14,109584,109585],{},[3332,109586,314],{},[45,109588,109590],{"className":47,"code":109589,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[52,109591,109592],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109593,109594,109596,109598,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616,109618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109595,8875],{"class":69},[55,109597,2889],{"class":73},[55,109599,194],{"class":77},[55,109601,2889],{"class":73},[55,109603,83],{"class":69},[55,109605,2884],{"class":73},[55,109607,786],{"class":77},[55,109609,2889],{"class":73},[55,109611,83],{"class":69},[55,109613,2884],{"class":73},[55,109615,795],{"class":77},[55,109617,2889],{"class":73},[55,109619,8906],{"class":69},[14,109621,18292],{},[21,109623,109624,109629],{},[24,109625,109626,109628],{},[52,109627,55125],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[24,109630,109631,109633],{},[52,109632,102446],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[14,109635,109636,109637,198],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[194,109638,96406,109639,10339],{"href":108049},[52,109640,102446],{},[37,109642,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,109644,8048,109646,96786],{"id":109645},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[52,109647,55125],{},[14,109649,109650,109652,109653,198],{},[52,109651,55125],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[52,109654,3368],{},[14,109656,16241],{},[45,109658,109660],{"className":47,"code":109659,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[52,109661,109662,109694,109716],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109663,109664,109666,109668,109670,109672,109674,109676,109678,109680,109682,109684,109686,109688,109690,109692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109665,62],{"class":61},[55,109667,66],{"class":65},[55,109669,10088],{"class":69},[55,109671,74],{"class":73},[55,109673,78],{"class":77},[55,109675,74],{"class":73},[55,109677,83],{"class":69},[55,109679,86],{"class":73},[55,109681,98],{"class":77},[55,109683,74],{"class":73},[55,109685,83],{"class":69},[55,109687,86],{"class":73},[55,109689,89],{"class":77},[55,109691,74],{"class":73},[55,109693,8906],{"class":69},[55,109695,109696,109698,109700,109702,109704,109706,109708,109710,109712,109714],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109697,12716],{"class":61},[55,109699,66],{"class":65},[55,109701,12721],{"class":61},[55,109703,198],{"class":69},[55,109705,34394],{"class":123},[55,109707,120],{"class":69},[55,109709,74],{"class":73},[55,109711,98],{"class":77},[55,109713,74],{"class":73},[55,109715,103],{"class":69},[55,109717,109718,109720,109722,109724],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,109719,117],{"class":116},[55,109721,120],{"class":69},[55,109723,12740],{"class":123},[55,109725,103],{"class":69},[14,109727,109728],{},[3332,109729,314],{},[45,109731,109732],{"className":47,"code":11407,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,109733,109734],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109735,109736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109737,11407],{"class":3443},[14,109739,16253],{},[45,109741,109742],{"className":47,"code":108952,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,109743,109744,109776,109794],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109745,109746,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764,109766,109768,109770,109772,109774],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109747,62],{"class":61},[55,109749,66],{"class":65},[55,109751,10088],{"class":69},[55,109753,74],{"class":73},[55,109755,78],{"class":77},[55,109757,74],{"class":73},[55,109759,83],{"class":69},[55,109761,86],{"class":73},[55,109763,98],{"class":77},[55,109765,74],{"class":73},[55,109767,83],{"class":69},[55,109769,86],{"class":73},[55,109771,89],{"class":77},[55,109773,74],{"class":73},[55,109775,8906],{"class":69},[55,109777,109778,109780,109782,109784,109786,109788,109790,109792],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109779,124],{"class":61},[55,109781,198],{"class":69},[55,109783,34394],{"class":123},[55,109785,120],{"class":69},[55,109787,74],{"class":73},[55,109789,98],{"class":77},[55,109791,74],{"class":73},[55,109793,103],{"class":69},[55,109795,109796,109798,109800,109802],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,109797,117],{"class":116},[55,109799,120],{"class":69},[55,109801,124],{"class":123},[55,109803,103],{"class":69},[1425,109805,109807],{"id":109806},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[14,109809,109810,109811,198],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[52,109812,19284],{},[45,109814,109816],{"className":47,"code":109815,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[52,109817,109818,109842],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109819,109820,109822,109824,109826,109828,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109821,62],{"class":61},[55,109823,66],{"class":65},[55,109825,10088],{"class":69},[55,109827,74],{"class":73},[55,109829,78],{"class":77},[55,109831,74],{"class":73},[55,109833,83],{"class":69},[55,109835,86],{"class":73},[55,109837,98],{"class":77},[55,109839,74],{"class":73},[55,109841,8906],{"class":69},[55,109843,109844,109846,109848,109850,109852,109854,109856,109858],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109845,124],{"class":61},[55,109847,198],{"class":69},[55,109849,34394],{"class":123},[55,109851,120],{"class":69},[55,109853,74],{"class":73},[55,109855,89],{"class":77},[55,109857,74],{"class":73},[55,109859,103],{"class":69},[14,109861,109862,109863,854],{},"To check first, you can use ",[52,109864,3474],{},[45,109866,109868],{"className":47,"code":109867,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[52,109869,109870,109894,109898,109914],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,109871,109872,109874,109876,109878,109880,109882,109884,109886,109888,109890,109892],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,109873,62],{"class":61},[55,109875,66],{"class":65},[55,109877,10088],{"class":69},[55,109879,74],{"class":73},[55,109881,78],{"class":77},[55,109883,74],{"class":73},[55,109885,83],{"class":69},[55,109887,86],{"class":73},[55,109889,98],{"class":77},[55,109891,74],{"class":73},[55,109893,8906],{"class":69},[55,109895,109896],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,109897,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,109899,109900,109902,109904,109906,109908,109910,109912],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,109901,960],{"class":959},[55,109903,86],{"class":73},[55,109905,89],{"class":77},[55,109907,74],{"class":73},[55,109909,20770],{"class":65},[55,109911,12721],{"class":61},[55,109913,979],{"class":69},[55,109915,109916,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,109917,109918],{"class":61},"    colors",[55,109920,198],{"class":69},[55,109922,34394],{"class":123},[55,109924,120],{"class":69},[55,109926,74],{"class":73},[55,109928,89],{"class":77},[55,109930,74],{"class":73},[55,109932,103],{"class":69},[14,109934,109935,109936,109940],{},"Or use ",[194,109937,109938],{"href":108049},[52,109939,102446],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[1425,109942,36800,109944,8301,109946],{"id":109943},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[52,109945,102460],{},[52,109947,54671],{},[14,109949,109950],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[14,109952,109953,109954,109956],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[52,109955,102460],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[14,109958,109959,109960,198],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[194,109961,98670],{"href":98669},[1425,109963,109965],{"id":109964},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[14,109967,107955],{},[14,109969,109970],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[37,109972,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,109974,12304,109976,96885],{"id":109975},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[52,109977,102460],{},[14,109979,109980,109981,198],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[52,109982,3368],{},[1425,109984,29885,109986,109988],{"id":109985},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[52,109987,102460],{}," raise?",[14,109990,29891,109991,109993],{},[52,109992,19284],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[1425,109995,21017,109997,2465,109999,2078],{"id":109996},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[52,109998,55125],{},[52,110000,102446],{},[14,110002,1440,110003,110005,110006,110008],{},[52,110004,55125],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[52,110007,102446],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[1425,110010,4761,110012,110014],{"id":110011},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[52,110013,102460],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[14,110016,110017],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[37,110019,1495],{"id":1494},[21,110021,110022,110028,110034,110038,110042],{},[24,110023,110024],{},[194,110025,96406,110026,10339],{"href":108049},[52,110027,102446],{},[24,110029,110030],{},[194,110031,96406,110032,10339],{"href":97806},[52,110033,12363],{},[24,110035,110036],{},[194,110037,96930],{"href":97475},[24,110039,110040],{},[194,110041,99936],{"href":98669},[24,110043,110044],{},[194,110045,10860],{"href":10673},[1524,110047,110048],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":110050},[110051,110052,110054,110055,110056,110057,110062,110070,110080],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":109052,"depth":106,"text":110053},"What set.remove() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":109303,"depth":106,"text":109304},{"id":109408,"depth":106,"text":110058,"children":110059},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110060,110061],{"id":34394,"depth":113,"text":55125},{"id":102513,"depth":113,"text":102446},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":110063},[110064,110066,110067,110069],{"id":109645,"depth":113,"text":110065},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109806,"depth":113,"text":109807},{"id":109943,"depth":113,"text":110068},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109964,"depth":113,"text":109965},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":110071},[110072,110074,110076,110078],{"id":109975,"depth":113,"text":110073},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109985,"depth":113,"text":110075},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109996,"depth":113,"text":110077},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110011,"depth":113,"text":110079},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108926,"description":110081},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110088,"title":110089,"body":110090,"description":111463,"extension":1546,"meta":111464,"navigation":109,"path":111465,"seo":111466,"stem":111467,"__hash__":111468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110091,"toc":111438},[110092,110098,110104,110107,110110,110124,110126,110207,110210,110215,110219,110233,110240,110242,110261,110264,110282,110284,110364,110366,110391,110395,110398,110406,110411,110416,110418,110431,110436,110439,110463,110466,110474,110476,110479,110576,110578,110611,110613,110639,110646,110649,110653,110661,110665,110673,110675,110765,110767,110781,110788,110793,110798,110800,110891,110893,110905,110907,110921,110927,110935,110937,111019,111021,111066,111069,111077,111080,111082,111086,111129,111131,111151,111156,111158,111243,111245,111250,111252,111259,111267,111273,111276,111278,111364,111366,111390,111394,111397,111399,111426,111436],[10,110093,95792,110095,10920],{"id":110094},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[52,110096,110097],{},"symmetric_difference()",[14,110099,110100,110103],{},[52,110101,110102],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[14,110105,110106],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[14,110108,110109],{},"Use it when:",[21,110111,110112,110115,110121],{},[24,110113,110114],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[24,110116,110117,110118,110120],{},"you do ",[3332,110119,4222],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[24,110122,110123],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[37,110125,40],{"id":39},[45,110127,110129],{"className":47,"code":110128,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[52,110130,110131,110151,110171,110175,110194],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110132,110133,110135,110137,110139,110141,110143,110145,110147,110149],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110134,2141],{"class":61},[55,110136,66],{"class":65},[55,110138,10088],{"class":69},[55,110140,152],{"class":130},[55,110142,83],{"class":69},[55,110144,976],{"class":130},[55,110146,83],{"class":69},[55,110148,2036],{"class":130},[55,110150,8906],{"class":69},[55,110152,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,110154,2169],{"class":61},[55,110156,66],{"class":65},[55,110158,10088],{"class":69},[55,110160,609],{"class":130},[55,110162,83],{"class":69},[55,110164,2042],{"class":130},[55,110166,83],{"class":69},[55,110168,4196],{"class":130},[55,110170,8906],{"class":69},[55,110172,110173],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,110174,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,110176,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185,110188,110190,110192],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,110178,1814],{"class":61},[55,110180,66],{"class":65},[55,110182,56484],{"class":61},[55,110184,198],{"class":69},[55,110186,110187],{"class":123},"symmetric_difference",[55,110189,120],{"class":69},[55,110191,786],{"class":123},[55,110193,103],{"class":69},[55,110195,110196,110198,110200,110202,110204],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,110197,117],{"class":116},[55,110199,120],{"class":69},[55,110201,1849],{"class":123},[55,110203,970],{"class":69},[55,110205,110206],{"class":137},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[14,110208,110209],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[37,110211,3265,110213,3268],{"id":110212},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[52,110214,110097],{},[14,110216,110217,854],{},[52,110218,110102],{},[21,110220,110221,110224,110227,110230],{},[24,110222,110223],{},"returns a new set",[24,110225,110226],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[24,110228,110229],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[24,110231,110232],{},"does not change the original set",[14,110234,95916,110235,2465,110237,198],{},[194,110236,95920],{"href":95919},[194,110238,110239],{"href":95923},"creating a set in Python",[37,110241,1740],{"id":1739},[45,110243,110245],{"className":47,"code":110244,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[52,110246,110247],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110248,110249,110251,110253,110255,110257,110259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110250,100177],{"class":61},[55,110252,198],{"class":69},[55,110254,110187],{"class":123},[55,110256,120],{"class":69},[55,110258,100186],{"class":123},[55,110260,103],{"class":69},[14,110262,110263],{},"Notes:",[21,110265,110266,110271,110276,110279],{},[24,110267,110268,110270],{},[52,110269,100177],{}," must be a set",[24,110272,110273,110275],{},[52,110274,100186],{}," can be any iterable",[24,110277,110278],{},"the result is always a set",[24,110280,110281],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[14,110283,233],{},[45,110285,110287],{"className":47,"code":110286,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[52,110288,110289,110310,110331,110335,110354],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110290,110291,110294,110296,110298,110300,110302,110304,110306,110308],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110292,110293],{"class":61},"set1 ",[55,110295,66],{"class":65},[55,110297,10088],{"class":69},[55,110299,152],{"class":130},[55,110301,83],{"class":69},[55,110303,976],{"class":130},[55,110305,83],{"class":69},[55,110307,2036],{"class":130},[55,110309,8906],{"class":69},[55,110311,110312,110315,110317,110319,110321,110323,110325,110327,110329],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,110313,110314],{"class":61},"set2 ",[55,110316,66],{"class":65},[55,110318,10088],{"class":69},[55,110320,609],{"class":130},[55,110322,83],{"class":69},[55,110324,2042],{"class":130},[55,110326,83],{"class":69},[55,110328,4196],{"class":130},[55,110330,8906],{"class":69},[55,110332,110333],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,110334,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,110336,110337,110339,110341,110344,110346,110348,110350,110352],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,110338,1814],{"class":61},[55,110340,66],{"class":65},[55,110342,110343],{"class":61}," set1",[55,110345,198],{"class":69},[55,110347,110187],{"class":123},[55,110349,120],{"class":69},[55,110351,100186],{"class":123},[55,110353,103],{"class":69},[55,110355,110356,110358,110360,110362],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,110357,117],{"class":116},[55,110359,120],{"class":69},[55,110361,1849],{"class":123},[55,110363,103],{"class":69},[14,110365,314],{},[45,110367,110369],{"className":47,"code":110368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[52,110370,110371],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110372,110373,110375,110377,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110374,8875],{"class":69},[55,110376,152],{"class":130},[55,110378,83],{"class":69},[55,110380,976],{"class":130},[55,110382,83],{"class":69},[55,110384,2042],{"class":130},[55,110386,83],{"class":69},[55,110388,4196],{"class":130},[55,110390,8906],{"class":69},[37,110392,110394],{"id":110393},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[14,110396,110397],{},"The result includes:",[21,110399,110400,110403],{},[24,110401,110402],{},"items only in the first set",[24,110404,110405],{},"items only in the second set",[14,110407,110408,110409,10682],{},"The result does ",[3332,110410,4222],{},[21,110412,110413],{},[24,110414,110415],{},"items shared by both sets",[14,110417,5064],{},[21,110419,110420,110425],{},[24,110421,110422,110423],{},"first set: ",[52,110424,99874],{},[24,110426,110427,110428],{},"second set: ",[52,110429,110430],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[14,110432,3640,110433,110435],{},[52,110434,609],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[14,110437,110438],{},"The output is:",[45,110440,110441],{"className":47,"code":110368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,110442,110443],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110444,110445,110447,110449,110451,110453,110455,110457,110459,110461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110446,8875],{"class":69},[55,110448,152],{"class":130},[55,110450,83],{"class":69},[55,110452,976],{"class":130},[55,110454,83],{"class":69},[55,110456,2042],{"class":130},[55,110458,83],{"class":69},[55,110460,4196],{"class":130},[55,110462,8906],{"class":69},[14,110464,110465],{},"Also remember:",[21,110467,110468,110471],{},[24,110469,110470],{},"sets are unordered",[24,110472,110473],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[37,110475,11073],{"id":11072},[14,110477,110478],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[45,110480,110482],{"className":47,"code":110481,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,110483,110484,110516,110540,110544,110562,110566],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110485,110486,110488,110490,110492,110494,110496,110498,110500,110502,110504,110506,110508,110510,110512,110514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110487,106617],{"class":61},[55,110489,66],{"class":65},[55,110491,10088],{"class":69},[55,110493,74],{"class":73},[55,110495,78],{"class":77},[55,110497,74],{"class":73},[55,110499,83],{"class":69},[55,110501,86],{"class":73},[55,110503,98],{"class":77},[55,110505,74],{"class":73},[55,110507,83],{"class":69},[55,110509,86],{"class":73},[55,110511,89],{"class":77},[55,110513,74],{"class":73},[55,110515,8906],{"class":69},[55,110517,110518,110520,110522,110524,110526,110528,110530,110532,110534,110536,110538],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,110519,106650],{"class":61},[55,110521,66],{"class":65},[55,110523,10088],{"class":69},[55,110525,74],{"class":73},[55,110527,89],{"class":77},[55,110529,74],{"class":73},[55,110531,83],{"class":69},[55,110533,86],{"class":73},[55,110535,1285],{"class":77},[55,110537,74],{"class":73},[55,110539,8906],{"class":69},[55,110541,110542],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,110543,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,110545,110546,110548,110550,110552,110554,110556,110558,110560],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,110547,1814],{"class":61},[55,110549,66],{"class":65},[55,110551,106692],{"class":61},[55,110553,198],{"class":69},[55,110555,110187],{"class":123},[55,110557,120],{"class":69},[55,110559,106701],{"class":123},[55,110561,103],{"class":69},[55,110563,110564],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,110565,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,110567,110568,110570,110572,110574],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,110569,117],{"class":116},[55,110571,120],{"class":69},[55,110573,1849],{"class":123},[55,110575,103],{"class":69},[14,110577,314],{},[45,110579,110581],{"className":47,"code":110580,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[52,110582,110583],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110584,110585,110587,110589,110591,110593,110595,110597,110599,110601,110603,110605,110607,110609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110586,8875],{"class":69},[55,110588,2889],{"class":73},[55,110590,78],{"class":77},[55,110592,2889],{"class":73},[55,110594,83],{"class":69},[55,110596,2884],{"class":73},[55,110598,98],{"class":77},[55,110600,2889],{"class":73},[55,110602,83],{"class":69},[55,110604,2884],{"class":73},[55,110606,1285],{"class":77},[55,110608,2889],{"class":73},[55,110610,8906],{"class":69},[14,110612,13005],{},[21,110614,110615,110620,110631],{},[24,110616,110617,110619],{},[52,110618,96085],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[24,110621,110622,3983,110624,110627,110628,110630],{},[52,110623,64988],{},[52,110625,110626],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[52,110629,106754],{},", so they stay",[24,110632,110633,110635,110636,110638],{},[52,110634,109393],{}," is only in ",[52,110637,106701],{},", so it stays",[37,110640,110642,10183,110644],{"id":110641},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[52,110643,110097],{},[52,110645,100006],{},[14,110647,110648],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[14,110650,110651,854],{},[52,110652,100006],{},[21,110654,110655,110658],{},[24,110656,110657],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[24,110659,110660],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[14,110662,110663,854],{},[52,110664,110097],{},[21,110666,110667,110670],{},[24,110668,110669],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[24,110671,110672],{},"removes shared items",[14,110674,233],{},[45,110676,110678],{"className":47,"code":110677,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[52,110679,110680,110700,110720,110724,110745],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110681,110682,110684,110686,110688,110690,110692,110694,110696,110698],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110683,2141],{"class":61},[55,110685,66],{"class":65},[55,110687,10088],{"class":69},[55,110689,152],{"class":130},[55,110691,83],{"class":69},[55,110693,976],{"class":130},[55,110695,83],{"class":69},[55,110697,2036],{"class":130},[55,110699,8906],{"class":69},[55,110701,110702,110704,110706,110708,110710,110712,110714,110716,110718],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,110703,2169],{"class":61},[55,110705,66],{"class":65},[55,110707,10088],{"class":69},[55,110709,609],{"class":130},[55,110711,83],{"class":69},[55,110713,2042],{"class":130},[55,110715,83],{"class":69},[55,110717,4196],{"class":130},[55,110719,8906],{"class":69},[55,110721,110722],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,110723,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,110725,110726,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736,110738,110740,110742],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,110727,117],{"class":116},[55,110729,120],{"class":69},[55,110731,194],{"class":123},[55,110733,198],{"class":69},[55,110735,2399],{"class":123},[55,110737,120],{"class":69},[55,110739,786],{"class":123},[55,110741,947],{"class":69},[55,110743,110744],{"class":137},"            # {1, 2}\n",[55,110746,110747,110749,110751,110753,110755,110757,110759,110761,110763],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,110748,117],{"class":116},[55,110750,120],{"class":69},[55,110752,194],{"class":123},[55,110754,198],{"class":69},[55,110756,110187],{"class":123},[55,110758,120],{"class":69},[55,110760,786],{"class":123},[55,110762,947],{"class":69},[55,110764,110206],{"class":137},[14,110766,18292],{},[21,110768,110769,110776],{},[24,110770,110771,110775],{},[194,110772,110773],{"href":102432},[52,110774,100006],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[24,110777,110778,110780],{},[52,110779,110097],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[37,110782,110784,10183,110786],{"id":110783},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[52,110785,110097],{},[52,110787,102391],{},[14,110789,110790,110792],{},[52,110791,102391],{}," combines both sets.",[14,110794,110795,110797],{},[52,110796,110097],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[14,110799,233],{},[45,110801,110803],{"className":47,"code":110802,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[52,110804,110805,110825,110845,110849,110871],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110806,110807,110809,110811,110813,110815,110817,110819,110821,110823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110808,2141],{"class":61},[55,110810,66],{"class":65},[55,110812,10088],{"class":69},[55,110814,152],{"class":130},[55,110816,83],{"class":69},[55,110818,976],{"class":130},[55,110820,83],{"class":69},[55,110822,2036],{"class":130},[55,110824,8906],{"class":69},[55,110826,110827,110829,110831,110833,110835,110837,110839,110841,110843],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,110828,2169],{"class":61},[55,110830,66],{"class":65},[55,110832,10088],{"class":69},[55,110834,609],{"class":130},[55,110836,83],{"class":69},[55,110838,2042],{"class":130},[55,110840,83],{"class":69},[55,110842,4196],{"class":130},[55,110844,8906],{"class":69},[55,110846,110847],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,110848,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,110850,110851,110853,110855,110857,110859,110862,110864,110866,110868],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,110852,117],{"class":116},[55,110854,120],{"class":69},[55,110856,194],{"class":123},[55,110858,198],{"class":69},[55,110860,110861],{"class":123},"union",[55,110863,120],{"class":69},[55,110865,786],{"class":123},[55,110867,947],{"class":69},[55,110869,110870],{"class":137},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[55,110872,110873,110875,110877,110879,110881,110883,110885,110887,110889],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,110874,117],{"class":116},[55,110876,120],{"class":69},[55,110878,194],{"class":123},[55,110880,198],{"class":69},[55,110882,110187],{"class":123},[55,110884,120],{"class":69},[55,110886,786],{"class":123},[55,110888,947],{"class":69},[55,110890,110206],{"class":137},[14,110892,26817],{},[21,110894,110895,110900],{},[24,110896,110897,110899],{},[52,110898,102391],{}," includes everything",[24,110901,110902,110904],{},[52,110903,110097],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[14,110906,18292],{},[21,110908,110909,110916],{},[24,110910,110911,110915],{},[194,110912,110913],{"href":107322},[52,110914,102391],{}," when overlap does not matter",[24,110917,110918,110920],{},[52,110919,110097],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[37,110922,36208,110924,101190],{"id":110923},"using-the-operator",[52,110925,110926],{},"^",[14,110928,110929,110930,110932,110933,198],{},"For sets, the ",[52,110931,110926],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[52,110934,110097],{},[14,110936,233],{},[45,110938,110940],{"className":47,"code":110939,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[52,110941,110942,110962,110982,110986,111004],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,110943,110944,110946,110948,110950,110952,110954,110956,110958,110960],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,110945,110293],{"class":61},[55,110947,66],{"class":65},[55,110949,10088],{"class":69},[55,110951,152],{"class":130},[55,110953,83],{"class":69},[55,110955,976],{"class":130},[55,110957,83],{"class":69},[55,110959,2036],{"class":130},[55,110961,8906],{"class":69},[55,110963,110964,110966,110968,110970,110972,110974,110976,110978,110980],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,110965,110314],{"class":61},[55,110967,66],{"class":65},[55,110969,10088],{"class":69},[55,110971,609],{"class":130},[55,110973,83],{"class":69},[55,110975,2042],{"class":130},[55,110977,83],{"class":69},[55,110979,4196],{"class":130},[55,110981,8906],{"class":69},[55,110983,110984],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,110985,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,110987,110988,110990,110992,110994,110996,110998,111000,111002],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,110989,117],{"class":116},[55,110991,120],{"class":69},[55,110993,100177],{"class":123},[55,110995,198],{"class":69},[55,110997,110187],{"class":123},[55,110999,120],{"class":69},[55,111001,100186],{"class":123},[55,111003,1357],{"class":69},[55,111005,111006,111008,111010,111012,111014,111017],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,111007,117],{"class":116},[55,111009,120],{"class":69},[55,111011,110293],{"class":123},[55,111013,110926],{"class":65},[55,111015,111016],{"class":123}," set2",[55,111018,103],{"class":69},[14,111020,29627],{},[45,111022,111024],{"className":47,"code":111023,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[52,111025,111026,111046],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111027,111028,111030,111032,111034,111036,111038,111040,111042,111044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111029,8875],{"class":69},[55,111031,152],{"class":130},[55,111033,83],{"class":69},[55,111035,976],{"class":130},[55,111037,83],{"class":69},[55,111039,2042],{"class":130},[55,111041,83],{"class":69},[55,111043,4196],{"class":130},[55,111045,8906],{"class":69},[55,111047,111048,111050,111052,111054,111056,111058,111060,111062,111064],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,111049,8875],{"class":69},[55,111051,152],{"class":130},[55,111053,83],{"class":69},[55,111055,976],{"class":130},[55,111057,83],{"class":69},[55,111059,2042],{"class":130},[55,111061,83],{"class":69},[55,111063,4196],{"class":130},[55,111065,8906],{"class":69},[14,111067,111068],{},"Both forms:",[21,111070,111071,111074],{},[24,111072,111073],{},"return a new set",[24,111075,111076],{},"do not change the original sets",[14,111078,111079],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[37,111081,4109],{"id":4108},[14,111083,20808,111084,854],{},[52,111085,110097],{},[21,111087,111088,111096,111106,111121],{},[24,111089,111090,111093,111095],{},[3332,111091,111092],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9443,111094],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[24,111097,111098,111101,111103,111105],{},[3332,111099,111100],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9443,111102],{},[52,111104,110097],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[24,111107,111108,111113,111115,111117,111118,111120],{},[3332,111109,111110,111111],{},"Confusing it with ",[52,111112,100006],{},[9443,111114],{},[52,111116,100006],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[52,111119,110097],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[24,111122,111123,111126,111128],{},[3332,111124,111125],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9443,111127],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[14,111130,58459],{},[21,111132,111133,111142,111145,111148],{},[24,111134,50089,111135,44227,111137,111141],{},[52,111136,110097],{},[194,111138,111139],{"href":107322},[52,111140,102391],{}," is actually needed",[24,111143,111144],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[24,111146,111147],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[24,111149,111150],{},"being confused by output order",[14,111152,111153,111154,198],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[194,111155,98670],{"href":104935},[14,111157,1326],{},[45,111159,111161],{"className":47,"code":111160,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[52,111162,111163,111173,111183,111201,111215,111229],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111164,111165,111167,111169,111171],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111166,117],{"class":116},[55,111168,120],{"class":69},[55,111170,100177],{"class":123},[55,111172,103],{"class":69},[55,111174,111175,111177,111179,111181],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,111176,117],{"class":116},[55,111178,120],{"class":69},[55,111180,100186],{"class":123},[55,111182,103],{"class":69},[55,111184,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197,111199],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,111186,117],{"class":116},[55,111188,120],{"class":69},[55,111190,100177],{"class":123},[55,111192,198],{"class":69},[55,111194,110187],{"class":123},[55,111196,120],{"class":69},[55,111198,100186],{"class":123},[55,111200,1357],{"class":69},[55,111202,111203,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,111204,117],{"class":116},[55,111206,120],{"class":69},[55,111208,110293],{"class":123},[55,111210,110926],{"class":65},[55,111212,111016],{"class":123},[55,111214,103],{"class":69},[55,111216,111217,111219,111221,111223,111225,111227],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,111218,117],{"class":116},[55,111220,120],{"class":69},[55,111222,1396],{"class":850},[55,111224,120],{"class":69},[55,111226,100177],{"class":123},[55,111228,1357],{"class":69},[55,111230,111231,111233,111235,111237,111239,111241],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,111232,117],{"class":116},[55,111234,120],{"class":69},[55,111236,1396],{"class":850},[55,111238,120],{"class":69},[55,111240,100186],{"class":123},[55,111242,1357],{"class":69},[37,111244,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,111246,12304,111248,102331],{"id":111247},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[52,111249,110097],{},[14,111251,102334],{},[1425,111253,4771,111255,3983,111257,2078],{"id":111254},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[52,111256,110097],{},[52,111258,100006],{},[14,111260,111261,111263,111264,111266],{},[52,111262,100006],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[52,111265,110097],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[1425,111268,27925,111270,111272],{"id":111269},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[52,111271,110097],{}," with lists?",[14,111274,111275],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[14,111277,233],{},[45,111279,111281],{"className":47,"code":111280,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[52,111282,111283,111303,111323,111327,111354],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111284,111285,111287,111289,111291,111293,111295,111297,111299,111301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111286,80248],{"class":61},[55,111288,66],{"class":65},[55,111290,3211],{"class":69},[55,111292,152],{"class":130},[55,111294,83],{"class":69},[55,111296,976],{"class":130},[55,111298,83],{"class":69},[55,111300,2036],{"class":130},[55,111302,386],{"class":69},[55,111304,111305,111307,111309,111311,111313,111315,111317,111319,111321],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,111306,80269],{"class":61},[55,111308,66],{"class":65},[55,111310,3211],{"class":69},[55,111312,609],{"class":130},[55,111314,83],{"class":69},[55,111316,2042],{"class":130},[55,111318,83],{"class":69},[55,111320,4196],{"class":130},[55,111322,386],{"class":69},[55,111324,111325],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,111326,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,111328,111329,111331,111333,111335,111337,111340,111342,111344,111346,111348,111350,111352],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,111330,1814],{"class":61},[55,111332,66],{"class":65},[55,111334,15231],{"class":850},[55,111336,120],{"class":69},[55,111338,111339],{"class":123},"list1",[55,111341,8227],{"class":69},[55,111343,110187],{"class":123},[55,111345,120],{"class":69},[55,111347,5881],{"class":850},[55,111349,120],{"class":69},[55,111351,80535],{"class":123},[55,111353,1357],{"class":69},[55,111355,111356,111358,111360,111362],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,111357,117],{"class":116},[55,111359,120],{"class":69},[55,111361,1849],{"class":123},[55,111363,103],{"class":69},[14,111365,314],{},[45,111367,111368],{"className":47,"code":110368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,111369,111370],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111371,111372,111374,111376,111378,111380,111382,111384,111386,111388],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111373,8875],{"class":69},[55,111375,152],{"class":130},[55,111377,83],{"class":69},[55,111379,976],{"class":130},[55,111381,83],{"class":69},[55,111383,2042],{"class":130},[55,111385,83],{"class":69},[55,111387,4196],{"class":130},[55,111389,8906],{"class":69},[1425,111391,111393],{"id":111392},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[14,111395,111396],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[37,111398,1495],{"id":1494},[21,111400,111401,111405,111410,111416,111422],{},[24,111402,111403],{},[194,111404,95920],{"href":95919},[24,111406,111407],{},[194,111408,111409],{"href":95923},"Creating a set in Python",[24,111411,111412],{},[194,111413,96406,111414,10339],{"href":102432},[52,111415,100006],{},[24,111417,111418],{},[194,111419,96406,111420,10339],{"href":107322},[52,111421,102391],{},[24,111423,111424],{},[194,111425,99936],{"href":104935},[14,111427,111428,111429,1773,111431,16670,111433,111435],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[52,111430,100006],{},[52,111432,102391],{},[52,111434,110097],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1524,111437,56838],{},{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":111439},[111440,111441,111443,111444,111445,111446,111448,111450,111452,111453,111462],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":110212,"depth":106,"text":111442},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":110393,"depth":106,"text":110394},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":110641,"depth":106,"text":111447},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110783,"depth":106,"text":111449},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110923,"depth":106,"text":111451},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":111454},[111455,111457,111459,111461],{"id":111247,"depth":113,"text":111456},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111254,"depth":113,"text":111458},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111269,"depth":113,"text":111460},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111392,"depth":113,"text":111393},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110089,"description":111463},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111470,"title":111471,"body":111472,"description":113535,"extension":1546,"meta":113536,"navigation":109,"path":107322,"seo":113537,"stem":113538,"__hash__":113539},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111473,"toc":113494},[111474,111479,111484,111487,111500,111502,111584,111589,111594,111598,111610,111613,111617,111619,111646,111648,111659,111662,111731,111733,111739,111742,111752,111754,111843,111848,111850,111857,111860,111862,111865,111985,111987,112056,112059,112076,112081,112084,112200,112202,112231,112234,112240,112245,112249,112330,112332,112360,112365,112369,112464,112466,112507,112511,112514,112581,112583,112624,112630,112645,112652,112659,112663,112669,112755,112759,112767,112838,112843,112850,112852,112858,112860,112925,112927,112943,112948,112951,113020,113024,113027,113086,113089,113093,113146,113159,113162,113215,113219,113221,113252,113255,113260,113313,113317,113320,113341,113353,113355,113408,113410,113415,113417,113423,113426,113432,113437,113441,113444,113452,113461,113463,113491],[10,111475,3165,111477,10920],{"id":111476},"python-setunion-method",[52,111478,107635],{},[14,111480,111481,111483],{},[52,111482,107635],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[14,111485,111486],{},"It is useful when you want:",[21,111488,111489,111492,111497],{},[24,111490,111491],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[24,111493,2141,111494,111496],{},[3332,111495,100361],{}," as the result",[24,111498,111499],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[37,111501,1588],{"id":1587},[45,111503,111505],{"className":47,"code":111504,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,111506,111507,111527,111547,111551,111569,111579],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111508,111509,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523,111525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111510,110293],{"class":61},[55,111512,66],{"class":65},[55,111514,10088],{"class":69},[55,111516,152],{"class":130},[55,111518,83],{"class":69},[55,111520,976],{"class":130},[55,111522,83],{"class":69},[55,111524,2036],{"class":130},[55,111526,8906],{"class":69},[55,111528,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543,111545],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,111530,110314],{"class":61},[55,111532,66],{"class":65},[55,111534,10088],{"class":69},[55,111536,609],{"class":130},[55,111538,83],{"class":69},[55,111540,2042],{"class":130},[55,111542,83],{"class":69},[55,111544,4196],{"class":130},[55,111546,8906],{"class":69},[55,111548,111549],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,111550,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,111552,111553,111555,111557,111559,111561,111563,111565,111567],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,111554,1814],{"class":61},[55,111556,66],{"class":65},[55,111558,110343],{"class":61},[55,111560,198],{"class":69},[55,111562,110861],{"class":123},[55,111564,120],{"class":69},[55,111566,100186],{"class":123},[55,111568,103],{"class":69},[55,111570,111571,111573,111575,111577],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,111572,117],{"class":116},[55,111574,120],{"class":69},[55,111576,1849],{"class":123},[55,111578,103],{"class":69},[55,111580,111581],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,111582,111583],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[14,111585,111586,111588],{},[52,111587,102391],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[37,111590,3265,111592,3268],{"id":111591},"what-setunion-does",[52,111593,107635],{},[14,111595,111596,854],{},[52,111597,107635],{},[21,111599,111600,111603,111606,111608],{},[24,111601,111602],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[24,111604,111605],{},"keeps only unique values",[24,111607,110223],{},[24,111609,110232],{},[14,111611,111612],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[14,111614,95916,111615,198],{},[194,111616,95920],{"href":97091},[37,111618,1740],{"id":1739},[45,111620,111622],{"className":47,"code":111621,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[52,111623,111624],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111625,111626,111628,111630,111632,111634,111636,111638,111640,111642,111644],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111627,100177],{"class":61},[55,111629,198],{"class":69},[55,111631,110861],{"class":123},[55,111633,120],{"class":69},[55,111635,100186],{"class":123},[55,111637,83],{"class":69},[55,111639,100213],{"class":123},[55,111641,83],{"class":69},[55,111643,34053],{"class":116},[55,111645,103],{"class":69},[14,111647,12652],{},[21,111649,111650,111653,111656],{},[24,111651,111652],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[24,111654,111655],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[24,111657,111658],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[14,111660,111661],{},"Example with two sets:",[45,111663,111665],{"className":47,"code":111664,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[52,111666,111667,111683,111699,111703,111721],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111668,111669,111671,111673,111675,111677,111679,111681],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111670,2141],{"class":61},[55,111672,66],{"class":65},[55,111674,10088],{"class":69},[55,111676,152],{"class":130},[55,111678,83],{"class":69},[55,111680,976],{"class":130},[55,111682,8906],{"class":69},[55,111684,111685,111687,111689,111691,111693,111695,111697],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,111686,2169],{"class":61},[55,111688,66],{"class":65},[55,111690,10088],{"class":69},[55,111692,309],{"class":130},[55,111694,83],{"class":69},[55,111696,2036],{"class":130},[55,111698,8906],{"class":69},[55,111700,111701],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,111702,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,111704,111705,111707,111709,111711,111713,111715,111717,111719],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,111706,1814],{"class":61},[55,111708,66],{"class":65},[55,111710,56484],{"class":61},[55,111712,198],{"class":69},[55,111714,110861],{"class":123},[55,111716,120],{"class":69},[55,111718,786],{"class":123},[55,111720,103],{"class":69},[55,111722,111723,111725,111727,111729],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,111724,117],{"class":116},[55,111726,120],{"class":69},[55,111728,1849],{"class":123},[55,111730,103],{"class":69},[37,111732,21567],{"id":21566},[14,111734,111735,100358,111737,198],{},[52,111736,107635],{},[3332,111738,100361],{},[14,111740,111741],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[21,111743,111744,111747],{},[24,111745,111746],{},"the original set",[24,111748,111749,111750],{},"all arguments passed to ",[52,111751,102391],{},[14,111753,233],{},[45,111755,111757],{"className":47,"code":111756,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[52,111758,111759,111775,111791,111795,111813,111817,111830],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111760,111761,111763,111765,111767,111769,111771,111773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111762,2141],{"class":61},[55,111764,66],{"class":65},[55,111766,10088],{"class":69},[55,111768,152],{"class":130},[55,111770,83],{"class":69},[55,111772,976],{"class":130},[55,111774,8906],{"class":69},[55,111776,111777,111779,111781,111783,111785,111787,111789],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,111778,2169],{"class":61},[55,111780,66],{"class":65},[55,111782,10088],{"class":69},[55,111784,309],{"class":130},[55,111786,83],{"class":69},[55,111788,2036],{"class":130},[55,111790,8906],{"class":69},[55,111792,111793],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,111794,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,111796,111797,111799,111801,111803,111805,111807,111809,111811],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,111798,1814],{"class":61},[55,111800,66],{"class":65},[55,111802,56484],{"class":61},[55,111804,198],{"class":69},[55,111806,110861],{"class":123},[55,111808,120],{"class":69},[55,111810,786],{"class":123},[55,111812,103],{"class":69},[55,111814,111815],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,111816,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,111818,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,111820,117],{"class":116},[55,111822,120],{"class":69},[55,111824,1849],{"class":123},[55,111826,970],{"class":69},[55,111828,111829],{"class":137},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[55,111831,111832,111834,111836,111838,111840],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,111833,117],{"class":116},[55,111835,120],{"class":69},[55,111837,194],{"class":123},[55,111839,970],{"class":69},[55,111841,111842],{"class":137},"       # {1, 2}\n",[14,111844,1871,111845,111847],{},[52,111846,194],{}," did not change.",[14,111849,110465],{},[21,111851,111852,111854],{},[24,111853,110470],{},[24,111855,111856],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[14,111858,111859],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[37,111861,11073],{"id":11072},[14,111863,111864],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[45,111866,111868],{"className":47,"code":111867,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[52,111869,111870,111903,111936,111940,111960,111964,111974],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111871,111872,111875,111877,111879,111881,111883,111885,111887,111889,111891,111893,111895,111897,111899,111901],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111873,111874],{"class":61},"fruits1 ",[55,111876,66],{"class":65},[55,111878,10088],{"class":69},[55,111880,74],{"class":73},[55,111882,407],{"class":77},[55,111884,74],{"class":73},[55,111886,83],{"class":69},[55,111888,86],{"class":73},[55,111890,416],{"class":77},[55,111892,74],{"class":73},[55,111894,83],{"class":69},[55,111896,86],{"class":73},[55,111898,32820],{"class":77},[55,111900,74],{"class":73},[55,111902,8906],{"class":69},[55,111904,111905,111908,111910,111912,111914,111916,111918,111920,111922,111924,111926,111928,111930,111932,111934],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,111906,111907],{"class":61},"fruits2 ",[55,111909,66],{"class":65},[55,111911,10088],{"class":69},[55,111913,74],{"class":73},[55,111915,416],{"class":77},[55,111917,74],{"class":73},[55,111919,83],{"class":69},[55,111921,86],{"class":73},[55,111923,22129],{"class":77},[55,111925,74],{"class":73},[55,111927,83],{"class":69},[55,111929,86],{"class":73},[55,111931,32820],{"class":77},[55,111933,74],{"class":73},[55,111935,8906],{"class":69},[55,111937,111938],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,111939,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,111941,111942,111944,111946,111949,111951,111953,111955,111958],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,111943,1814],{"class":61},[55,111945,66],{"class":65},[55,111947,111948],{"class":61}," fruits1",[55,111950,198],{"class":69},[55,111952,110861],{"class":123},[55,111954,120],{"class":69},[55,111956,111957],{"class":123},"fruits2",[55,111959,103],{"class":69},[55,111961,111962],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,111963,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,111965,111966,111968,111970,111972],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,111967,117],{"class":116},[55,111969,120],{"class":69},[55,111971,1849],{"class":123},[55,111973,103],{"class":69},[55,111975,111976,111978,111980,111983],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,111977,117],{"class":116},[55,111979,120],{"class":69},[55,111981,111982],{"class":123},"fruits1",[55,111984,103],{"class":69},[14,111986,29627],{},[45,111988,111990],{"className":47,"code":111989,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[52,111991,111992,112028],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,111993,111994,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004,112006,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024,112026],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,111995,8875],{"class":69},[55,111997,2889],{"class":73},[55,111999,416],{"class":77},[55,112001,2889],{"class":73},[55,112003,83],{"class":69},[55,112005,2884],{"class":73},[55,112007,32820],{"class":77},[55,112009,2889],{"class":73},[55,112011,83],{"class":69},[55,112013,2884],{"class":73},[55,112015,407],{"class":77},[55,112017,2889],{"class":73},[55,112019,83],{"class":69},[55,112021,2884],{"class":73},[55,112023,22129],{"class":77},[55,112025,2889],{"class":73},[55,112027,8906],{"class":69},[55,112029,112030,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046,112048,112050,112052,112054],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112031,8875],{"class":69},[55,112033,2889],{"class":73},[55,112035,416],{"class":77},[55,112037,2889],{"class":73},[55,112039,83],{"class":69},[55,112041,2884],{"class":73},[55,112043,32820],{"class":77},[55,112045,2889],{"class":73},[55,112047,83],{"class":69},[55,112049,2884],{"class":73},[55,112051,407],{"class":77},[55,112053,2889],{"class":73},[55,112055,8906],{"class":69},[14,112057,112058],{},"What this shows:",[21,112060,112061,112068,112071],{},[24,112062,112063,3983,112065,112067],{},[52,112064,64870],{},[52,112066,65297],{}," appear in both sets",[24,112069,112070],{},"they appear only once in the result",[24,112072,112073,112075],{},[52,112074,111982],{}," stays unchanged",[37,112077,8012,112079,100750],{"id":112078},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[52,112080,102391],{},[14,112082,112083],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[45,112085,112087],{"className":47,"code":112086,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,112088,112089,112105,112121,112138,112155,112159,112186,112190],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112090,112091,112093,112095,112097,112099,112101,112103],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112092,110293],{"class":61},[55,112094,66],{"class":65},[55,112096,10088],{"class":69},[55,112098,152],{"class":130},[55,112100,83],{"class":69},[55,112102,976],{"class":130},[55,112104,8906],{"class":69},[55,112106,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112108,110314],{"class":61},[55,112110,66],{"class":65},[55,112112,10088],{"class":69},[55,112114,309],{"class":130},[55,112116,83],{"class":69},[55,112118,2036],{"class":130},[55,112120,8906],{"class":69},[55,112122,112123,112126,112128,112130,112132,112134,112136],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112124,112125],{"class":61},"set3 ",[55,112127,66],{"class":65},[55,112129,10088],{"class":69},[55,112131,609],{"class":130},[55,112133,83],{"class":69},[55,112135,2042],{"class":130},[55,112137,8906],{"class":69},[55,112139,112140,112143,112145,112147,112149,112151,112153],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112141,112142],{"class":61},"set4 ",[55,112144,66],{"class":65},[55,112146,10088],{"class":69},[55,112148,2091],{"class":130},[55,112150,83],{"class":69},[55,112152,4196],{"class":130},[55,112154,8906],{"class":69},[55,112156,112157],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,112158,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112160,112161,112163,112165,112167,112169,112171,112173,112175,112177,112179,112181,112184],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,112162,1814],{"class":61},[55,112164,66],{"class":65},[55,112166,110343],{"class":61},[55,112168,198],{"class":69},[55,112170,110861],{"class":123},[55,112172,120],{"class":69},[55,112174,100186],{"class":123},[55,112176,83],{"class":69},[55,112178,100213],{"class":123},[55,112180,83],{"class":69},[55,112182,112183],{"class":123}," set4",[55,112185,103],{"class":69},[55,112187,112188],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,112189,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112191,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,112193,117],{"class":116},[55,112195,120],{"class":69},[55,112197,1849],{"class":123},[55,112199,103],{"class":69},[14,112201,29627],{},[45,112203,112205],{"className":47,"code":112204,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,112206,112207],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112208,112209,112211,112213,112215,112217,112219,112221,112223,112225,112227,112229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112210,8875],{"class":69},[55,112212,152],{"class":130},[55,112214,83],{"class":69},[55,112216,976],{"class":130},[55,112218,83],{"class":69},[55,112220,2036],{"class":130},[55,112222,83],{"class":69},[55,112224,2042],{"class":130},[55,112226,83],{"class":69},[55,112228,4196],{"class":130},[55,112230,8906],{"class":69},[14,112232,112233],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[37,112235,8012,112237,112239],{"id":112236},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[52,112238,102391],{}," with other iterables",[14,112241,112242,112244],{},[52,112243,102391],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[1425,112246,112248],{"id":112247},"with-a-list","With a list",[45,112250,112252],{"className":47,"code":112251,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[52,112253,112254,112274,112298,112302,112320],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112255,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268,112270,112272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112257,243],{"class":61},[55,112259,66],{"class":65},[55,112261,10088],{"class":69},[55,112263,152],{"class":130},[55,112265,83],{"class":69},[55,112267,976],{"class":130},[55,112269,83],{"class":69},[55,112271,2036],{"class":130},[55,112273,8906],{"class":69},[55,112275,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290,112292,112294,112296],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112277,60643],{"class":61},[55,112279,66],{"class":65},[55,112281,3211],{"class":69},[55,112283,609],{"class":130},[55,112285,83],{"class":69},[55,112287,2042],{"class":130},[55,112289,83],{"class":69},[55,112291,4196],{"class":130},[55,112293,83],{"class":69},[55,112295,4196],{"class":130},[55,112297,386],{"class":69},[55,112299,112300],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112301,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112303,112304,112306,112308,112310,112312,112314,112316,112318],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112305,1814],{"class":61},[55,112307,66],{"class":65},[55,112309,3852],{"class":61},[55,112311,198],{"class":69},[55,112313,110861],{"class":123},[55,112315,120],{"class":69},[55,112317,60672],{"class":123},[55,112319,103],{"class":69},[55,112321,112322,112324,112326,112328],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,112323,117],{"class":116},[55,112325,120],{"class":69},[55,112327,1849],{"class":123},[55,112329,103],{"class":69},[14,112331,29627],{},[45,112333,112334],{"className":47,"code":112204,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,112335,112336],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112337,112338,112340,112342,112344,112346,112348,112350,112352,112354,112356,112358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112339,8875],{"class":69},[55,112341,152],{"class":130},[55,112343,83],{"class":69},[55,112345,976],{"class":130},[55,112347,83],{"class":69},[55,112349,2036],{"class":130},[55,112351,83],{"class":69},[55,112353,2042],{"class":130},[55,112355,83],{"class":69},[55,112357,4196],{"class":130},[55,112359,8906],{"class":69},[14,112361,20574,112362,112364],{},[52,112363,817],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[1425,112366,112368],{"id":112367},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[45,112370,112372],{"className":47,"code":112371,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[52,112373,112374,112398,112431,112435,112454],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112375,112376,112378,112380,112382,112384,112386,112388,112390,112392,112394,112396],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112377,769],{"class":61},[55,112379,66],{"class":65},[55,112381,10088],{"class":69},[55,112383,74],{"class":73},[55,112385,194],{"class":77},[55,112387,74],{"class":73},[55,112389,83],{"class":69},[55,112391,86],{"class":73},[55,112393,786],{"class":77},[55,112395,74],{"class":73},[55,112397,8906],{"class":69},[55,112399,112400,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413,112415,112417,112419,112421,112423,112425,112427,112429],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112401,112402],{"class":61},"more_letters ",[55,112404,66],{"class":65},[55,112406,70],{"class":69},[55,112408,74],{"class":73},[55,112410,786],{"class":77},[55,112412,74],{"class":73},[55,112414,83],{"class":69},[55,112416,86],{"class":73},[55,112418,795],{"class":77},[55,112420,74],{"class":73},[55,112422,83],{"class":69},[55,112424,86],{"class":73},[55,112426,18365],{"class":77},[55,112428,74],{"class":73},[55,112430,103],{"class":69},[55,112432,112433],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112434,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112436,112437,112439,112441,112443,112445,112447,112449,112452],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112438,1814],{"class":61},[55,112440,66],{"class":65},[55,112442,69690],{"class":61},[55,112444,198],{"class":69},[55,112446,110861],{"class":123},[55,112448,120],{"class":69},[55,112450,112451],{"class":123},"more_letters",[55,112453,103],{"class":69},[55,112455,112456,112458,112460,112462],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,112457,117],{"class":116},[55,112459,120],{"class":69},[55,112461,1849],{"class":123},[55,112463,103],{"class":69},[14,112465,29627],{},[45,112467,112469],{"className":47,"code":112468,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[52,112470,112471],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112472,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112474,8875],{"class":69},[55,112476,2889],{"class":73},[55,112478,194],{"class":77},[55,112480,2889],{"class":73},[55,112482,83],{"class":69},[55,112484,2884],{"class":73},[55,112486,786],{"class":77},[55,112488,2889],{"class":73},[55,112490,83],{"class":69},[55,112492,2884],{"class":73},[55,112494,795],{"class":77},[55,112496,2889],{"class":73},[55,112498,83],{"class":69},[55,112500,2884],{"class":73},[55,112502,18365],{"class":77},[55,112504,2889],{"class":73},[55,112506,8906],{"class":69},[1425,112508,112510],{"id":112509},"with-a-string","With a string",[14,112512,112513],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[45,112515,112517],{"className":47,"code":112516,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,112518,112519,112544,112567,112571],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112520,112521,112524,112526,112528,112530,112532,112534,112536,112538,112540,112542],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112522,112523],{"class":61},"chars ",[55,112525,66],{"class":65},[55,112527,10088],{"class":69},[55,112529,74],{"class":73},[55,112531,194],{"class":77},[55,112533,74],{"class":73},[55,112535,83],{"class":69},[55,112537,86],{"class":73},[55,112539,786],{"class":77},[55,112541,74],{"class":73},[55,112543,8906],{"class":69},[55,112545,112546,112548,112550,112553,112555,112557,112559,112561,112563,112565],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112547,1814],{"class":61},[55,112549,66],{"class":65},[55,112551,112552],{"class":61}," chars",[55,112554,198],{"class":69},[55,112556,110861],{"class":123},[55,112558,120],{"class":69},[55,112560,74],{"class":73},[55,112562,36643],{"class":77},[55,112564,74],{"class":73},[55,112566,103],{"class":69},[55,112568,112569],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112570,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112572,112573,112575,112577,112579],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112574,117],{"class":116},[55,112576,120],{"class":69},[55,112578,1849],{"class":123},[55,112580,103],{"class":69},[14,112582,29627],{},[45,112584,112586],{"className":47,"code":112585,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[52,112587,112588],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112589,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598,112600,112602,112604,112606,112608,112610,112612,112614,112616,112618,112620,112622],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112591,8875],{"class":69},[55,112593,2889],{"class":73},[55,112595,194],{"class":77},[55,112597,2889],{"class":73},[55,112599,83],{"class":69},[55,112601,2884],{"class":73},[55,112603,786],{"class":77},[55,112605,2889],{"class":73},[55,112607,83],{"class":69},[55,112609,2884],{"class":73},[55,112611,795],{"class":77},[55,112613,2889],{"class":73},[55,112615,83],{"class":69},[55,112617,2884],{"class":73},[55,112619,62882],{"class":77},[55,112621,2889],{"class":73},[55,112623,8906],{"class":69},[14,112625,21786,112626,112629],{},[52,112627,112628],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[21,112631,112632,112636,112640],{},[24,112633,112634],{},[52,112635,66076],{},[24,112637,112638],{},[52,112639,17693],{},[24,112641,112642],{},[52,112643,112644],{},"\"t\"",[37,112646,112648,10183,112650],{"id":112647},"union-vs-update",[52,112649,102391],{},[52,112651,14551],{},[14,112653,112654,3983,112656,112658],{},[52,112655,102391],{},[52,112657,14551],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[1425,112660,112661],{"id":110861},[52,112662,102391],{},[21,112664,112665,112667],{},[24,112666,110223],{},[24,112668,110232],{},[45,112670,112671],{"className":47,"code":111756,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,112672,112673,112689,112705,112709,112727,112731,112743],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112674,112675,112677,112679,112681,112683,112685,112687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112676,2141],{"class":61},[55,112678,66],{"class":65},[55,112680,10088],{"class":69},[55,112682,152],{"class":130},[55,112684,83],{"class":69},[55,112686,976],{"class":130},[55,112688,8906],{"class":69},[55,112690,112691,112693,112695,112697,112699,112701,112703],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112692,2169],{"class":61},[55,112694,66],{"class":65},[55,112696,10088],{"class":69},[55,112698,309],{"class":130},[55,112700,83],{"class":69},[55,112702,2036],{"class":130},[55,112704,8906],{"class":69},[55,112706,112707],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112708,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112710,112711,112713,112715,112717,112719,112721,112723,112725],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112712,1814],{"class":61},[55,112714,66],{"class":65},[55,112716,56484],{"class":61},[55,112718,198],{"class":69},[55,112720,110861],{"class":123},[55,112722,120],{"class":69},[55,112724,786],{"class":123},[55,112726,103],{"class":69},[55,112728,112729],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,112730,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112732,112733,112735,112737,112739,112741],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,112734,117],{"class":116},[55,112736,120],{"class":69},[55,112738,1849],{"class":123},[55,112740,970],{"class":69},[55,112742,111829],{"class":137},[55,112744,112745,112747,112749,112751,112753],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,112746,117],{"class":116},[55,112748,120],{"class":69},[55,112750,194],{"class":123},[55,112752,970],{"class":69},[55,112754,111842],{"class":137},[1425,112756,112757],{"id":30062},[52,112758,14551],{},[21,112760,112761,112764],{},[24,112762,112763],{},"changes the existing set in place",[24,112765,112766],{},"does not create a separate result set",[45,112768,112770],{"className":47,"code":112769,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,112771,112772,112788,112804,112808,112822,112826],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112773,112774,112776,112778,112780,112782,112784,112786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112775,2141],{"class":61},[55,112777,66],{"class":65},[55,112779,10088],{"class":69},[55,112781,152],{"class":130},[55,112783,83],{"class":69},[55,112785,976],{"class":130},[55,112787,8906],{"class":69},[55,112789,112790,112792,112794,112796,112798,112800,112802],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112791,2169],{"class":61},[55,112793,66],{"class":65},[55,112795,10088],{"class":69},[55,112797,309],{"class":130},[55,112799,83],{"class":69},[55,112801,2036],{"class":130},[55,112803,8906],{"class":69},[55,112805,112806],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112807,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112809,112810,112812,112814,112816,112818,112820],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112811,194],{"class":61},[55,112813,198],{"class":69},[55,112815,30062],{"class":123},[55,112817,120],{"class":69},[55,112819,786],{"class":123},[55,112821,103],{"class":69},[55,112823,112824],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,112825,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112827,112828,112830,112832,112834,112836],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,112829,117],{"class":116},[55,112831,120],{"class":69},[55,112833,194],{"class":123},[55,112835,970],{"class":69},[55,112837,111829],{"class":137},[14,112839,1440,112840,112842],{},[52,112841,102391],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[14,112844,112845,112846,198],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[194,112847,3165,112848,10339],{"href":98111},[52,112849,96906],{},[37,112851,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,112853,8048,112855,112857],{"id":112854},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[52,112856,102391],{}," to change the original set",[14,112859,81417],{},[45,112861,112863],{"className":47,"code":112862,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[52,112864,112865,112881,112897,112901,112915],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112866,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875,112877,112879],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112868,2141],{"class":61},[55,112870,66],{"class":65},[55,112872,10088],{"class":69},[55,112874,152],{"class":130},[55,112876,83],{"class":69},[55,112878,976],{"class":130},[55,112880,8906],{"class":69},[55,112882,112883,112885,112887,112889,112891,112893,112895],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112884,2169],{"class":61},[55,112886,66],{"class":65},[55,112888,10088],{"class":69},[55,112890,309],{"class":130},[55,112892,83],{"class":69},[55,112894,2036],{"class":130},[55,112896,8906],{"class":69},[55,112898,112899],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112900,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112902,112903,112905,112907,112909,112911,112913],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112904,194],{"class":61},[55,112906,198],{"class":69},[55,112908,110861],{"class":123},[55,112910,120],{"class":69},[55,112912,786],{"class":123},[55,112914,103],{"class":69},[55,112916,112917,112919,112921,112923],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,112918,117],{"class":116},[55,112920,120],{"class":69},[55,112922,194],{"class":123},[55,112924,103],{"class":69},[14,112926,314],{},[45,112928,112929],{"className":47,"code":100099,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,112930,112931],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112932,112933,112935,112937,112939,112941],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112934,8875],{"class":69},[55,112936,152],{"class":130},[55,112938,83],{"class":69},[55,112940,976],{"class":130},[55,112942,8906],{"class":69},[14,112944,8091,112945,112947],{},[52,112946,102391],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[14,112949,112950],{},"Fix it like this:",[45,112952,112954],{"className":47,"code":112953,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[52,112955,112956,112972,112988,112992,113010],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,112957,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,112959,2141],{"class":61},[55,112961,66],{"class":65},[55,112963,10088],{"class":69},[55,112965,152],{"class":130},[55,112967,83],{"class":69},[55,112969,976],{"class":130},[55,112971,8906],{"class":69},[55,112973,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984,112986],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,112975,2169],{"class":61},[55,112977,66],{"class":65},[55,112979,10088],{"class":69},[55,112981,309],{"class":130},[55,112983,83],{"class":69},[55,112985,2036],{"class":130},[55,112987,8906],{"class":69},[55,112989,112990],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,112991,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,112993,112994,112996,112998,113000,113002,113004,113006,113008],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,112995,2141],{"class":61},[55,112997,66],{"class":65},[55,112999,56484],{"class":61},[55,113001,198],{"class":69},[55,113003,110861],{"class":123},[55,113005,120],{"class":69},[55,113007,786],{"class":123},[55,113009,103],{"class":69},[55,113011,113012,113014,113016,113018],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,113013,117],{"class":116},[55,113015,120],{"class":69},[55,113017,194],{"class":123},[55,113019,103],{"class":69},[1425,113021,113023],{"id":113022},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[14,113025,113026],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[45,113028,113030],{"className":47,"code":113029,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[52,113031,113032,113048,113064,113068],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113033,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044,113046],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113035,2141],{"class":61},[55,113037,66],{"class":65},[55,113039,10088],{"class":69},[55,113041,609],{"class":130},[55,113043,83],{"class":69},[55,113045,5090],{"class":130},[55,113047,8906],{"class":69},[55,113049,113050,113052,113054,113056,113058,113060,113062],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113051,2169],{"class":61},[55,113053,66],{"class":65},[55,113055,10088],{"class":69},[55,113057,309],{"class":130},[55,113059,83],{"class":69},[55,113061,2042],{"class":130},[55,113063,8906],{"class":69},[55,113065,113066],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113067,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,113069,113070,113072,113074,113076,113078,113080,113082,113084],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,113071,117],{"class":116},[55,113073,120],{"class":69},[55,113075,194],{"class":123},[55,113077,198],{"class":69},[55,113079,110861],{"class":123},[55,113081,120],{"class":69},[55,113083,786],{"class":123},[55,113085,1357],{"class":69},[14,113087,113088],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[1425,113090,113092],{"id":113091},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[45,113094,113096],{"className":47,"code":113095,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[52,113097,113098,113114,113136],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113099,113100,113102,113104,113106,113108,113110,113112],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113101,3661],{"class":61},[55,113103,66],{"class":65},[55,113105,10088],{"class":69},[55,113107,74],{"class":73},[55,113109,57724],{"class":77},[55,113111,74],{"class":73},[55,113113,8906],{"class":69},[55,113115,113116,113118,113120,113122,113124,113126,113128,113130,113132,113134],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113117,1814],{"class":61},[55,113119,66],{"class":65},[55,113121,5762],{"class":61},[55,113123,198],{"class":69},[55,113125,110861],{"class":123},[55,113127,120],{"class":69},[55,113129,74],{"class":73},[55,113131,36643],{"class":77},[55,113133,74],{"class":73},[55,113135,103],{"class":69},[55,113137,113138,113140,113142,113144],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113139,117],{"class":116},[55,113141,120],{"class":69},[55,113143,1849],{"class":123},[55,113145,103],{"class":69},[14,113147,113148,113149,1773,113151,16670,113153,113155,113156,113158],{},"This adds ",[52,113150,66076],{},[52,113152,17693],{},[52,113154,112644],{}," as separate items, not ",[52,113157,112628],{}," as one item.",[14,113160,113161],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[45,113163,113165],{"className":47,"code":113164,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[52,113166,113167,113183,113205],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113168,113169,113171,113173,113175,113177,113179,113181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113170,3661],{"class":61},[55,113172,66],{"class":65},[55,113174,10088],{"class":69},[55,113176,74],{"class":73},[55,113178,57724],{"class":77},[55,113180,74],{"class":73},[55,113182,8906],{"class":69},[55,113184,113185,113187,113189,113191,113193,113195,113197,113199,113201,113203],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113186,1814],{"class":61},[55,113188,66],{"class":65},[55,113190,5762],{"class":61},[55,113192,198],{"class":69},[55,113194,110861],{"class":123},[55,113196,2573],{"class":69},[55,113198,74],{"class":73},[55,113200,36643],{"class":77},[55,113202,74],{"class":73},[55,113204,282],{"class":69},[55,113206,113207,113209,113211,113213],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113208,117],{"class":116},[55,113210,120],{"class":69},[55,113212,1849],{"class":123},[55,113214,103],{"class":69},[1425,113216,113218],{"id":113217},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[14,113220,2423],{},[45,113222,113224],{"className":47,"code":113223,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[52,113225,113226],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113227,113228,113230,113232,113234,113236,113238,113240,113242,113244,113246,113248,113250],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113229,15226],{"class":61},[55,113231,66],{"class":65},[55,113233,10088],{"class":69},[55,113235,152],{"class":130},[55,113237,83],{"class":69},[55,113239,976],{"class":130},[55,113241,83],{"class":69},[55,113243,3211],{"class":69},[55,113245,609],{"class":130},[55,113247,83],{"class":69},[55,113249,2042],{"class":130},[55,113251,13302],{"class":69},[14,113253,113254],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[14,113256,113257,113258,854],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[52,113259,102391],{},[45,113261,113263],{"className":47,"code":113262,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[52,113264,113265,113281,113303],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113266,113267,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113268,15226],{"class":61},[55,113270,66],{"class":65},[55,113272,10088],{"class":69},[55,113274,152],{"class":130},[55,113276,83],{"class":69},[55,113278,976],{"class":130},[55,113280,8906],{"class":69},[55,113282,113283,113285,113287,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299,113301],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113284,1814],{"class":61},[55,113286,66],{"class":65},[55,113288,96516],{"class":61},[55,113290,198],{"class":69},[55,113292,110861],{"class":123},[55,113294,2573],{"class":69},[55,113296,609],{"class":130},[55,113298,83],{"class":69},[55,113300,2042],{"class":130},[55,113302,282],{"class":69},[55,113304,113305,113307,113309,113311],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113306,117],{"class":116},[55,113308,120],{"class":69},[55,113310,1849],{"class":123},[55,113312,103],{"class":69},[37,113314,113316],{"id":113315},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[14,113318,113319],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[21,113321,113322,113328,113335,113338],{},[24,113323,113324,113325,113327],{},"call ",[52,113326,102391],{}," without saving the returned set",[24,113329,113330,113331,8301,113333],{},"confuse ",[52,113332,102391],{},[52,113334,14551],{},[24,113336,113337],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[24,113339,113340],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[14,113342,113343,113344,3983,113348,198],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[194,113345,3165,113346,10339],{"href":102380},[52,113347,106165],{},[194,113349,3165,113351,10339],{"href":113350},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[52,113352,100011],{},[14,113354,1326],{},[45,113356,113358],{"className":47,"code":113357,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[52,113359,113360,113370,113384,113394],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113361,113362,113364,113366,113368],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113363,117],{"class":116},[55,113365,120],{"class":69},[55,113367,15264],{"class":123},[55,113369,103],{"class":69},[55,113371,113372,113374,113376,113378,113380,113382],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113373,117],{"class":116},[55,113375,120],{"class":69},[55,113377,1396],{"class":850},[55,113379,120],{"class":69},[55,113381,15264],{"class":123},[55,113383,1357],{"class":69},[55,113385,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113387,117],{"class":116},[55,113389,120],{"class":69},[55,113391,1849],{"class":123},[55,113393,103],{"class":69},[55,113395,113396,113398,113400,113402,113404,113406],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,113397,31751],{"class":116},[55,113399,120],{"class":69},[55,113401,5881],{"class":850},[55,113403,198],{"class":69},[55,113405,110861],{"class":24347},[55,113407,103],{"class":69},[37,113409,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,113411,12304,113413,102331],{"id":113412},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[52,113414,107635],{},[14,113416,102334],{},[1425,113418,4761,113420,113422],{"id":113419},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[52,113421,102391],{}," combine more than two sets?",[14,113424,113425],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[1425,113427,27925,113429,113431],{"id":113428},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[52,113430,102391],{}," with a list or tuple?",[14,113433,41749,113434,113436],{},[52,113435,102391],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[1425,113438,113440],{"id":113439},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[14,113442,113443],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[1425,113445,4771,113447,3983,113449,2078],{"id":113446},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[52,113448,102391],{},[52,113450,113451],{},"|",[14,113453,113454,113455,113457,113458,113460],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[52,113456,113451],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[52,113459,102391],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[37,113462,1495],{"id":1494},[21,113464,113465,113469,113475,113481,113487],{},[24,113466,113467],{},[194,113468,95920],{"href":97091},[24,113470,113471],{},[194,113472,3165,113473,10339],{"href":98111},[52,113474,96906],{},[24,113476,113477],{},[194,113478,3165,113479,10339],{"href":102380},[52,113480,106165],{},[24,113482,113483],{},[194,113484,3165,113485,10339],{"href":113350},[52,113486,100011],{},[24,113488,113489],{},[194,113490,99936],{"href":98669},[1524,113492,113493],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":113495},[113496,113497,113499,113500,113501,113502,113504,113510,113515,113522,113523,113534],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":111591,"depth":106,"text":113498},"What set.union() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":21566,"depth":106,"text":21567},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":112078,"depth":106,"text":113503},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112236,"depth":106,"text":113505,"children":113506},"Using union() with other iterables",[113507,113508,113509],{"id":112247,"depth":113,"text":112248},{"id":112367,"depth":113,"text":112368},{"id":112509,"depth":113,"text":112510},{"id":112647,"depth":106,"text":113511,"children":113512},"union() vs update()",[113513,113514],{"id":110861,"depth":113,"text":102391},{"id":30062,"depth":113,"text":14551},{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":113516},[113517,113519,113520,113521],{"id":112854,"depth":113,"text":113518},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113022,"depth":113,"text":113023},{"id":113091,"depth":113,"text":113092},{"id":113217,"depth":113,"text":113218},{"id":113315,"depth":106,"text":113316},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":113524},[113525,113527,113529,113531,113532],{"id":113412,"depth":113,"text":113526},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113419,"depth":113,"text":113528},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113428,"depth":113,"text":113530},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113439,"depth":113,"text":113440},{"id":113446,"depth":113,"text":113533},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111471,"description":113535},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113541,"title":113542,"body":113543,"description":115432,"extension":1546,"meta":115433,"navigation":109,"path":96405,"seo":115434,"stem":115435,"__hash__":115436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113544,"toc":115398},[113545,113550,113555,113563,113565,113623,113628,113633,113637,113649,113652,113726,113731,113733,113735,113754,113756,113773,113776,113803,113805,113875,113879,113881,113887,113889,113950,113955,113957,114014,114018,114023,114088,114090,114110,114117,114121,114126,114211,114214,114221,114324,114328,114333,114391,114394,114405,114419,114426,114484,114491,114494,114504,114508,114566,114570,114636,114639,114697,114704,114711,114714,114718,114727,114796,114800,114806,114894,114904,114908,114912,114916,114919,114980,114985,115042,115046,115048,115083,115090,115092,115146,115153,115157,115160,115225,115234,115240,115297,115299,115304,115308,115312,115315,115322,115330,115334,115339,115343,115349,115351,115386,115395],[10,113546,95792,113548,10920],{"id":113547},"python-set-update-method",[52,113549,14551],{},[14,113551,113552,113554],{},[52,113553,96906],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[14,113556,113557,113558,113562],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[194,113559,113560],{"href":98092},[52,113561,95800],{},", which adds only one item.",[37,113564,40],{"id":39},[45,113566,113568],{"className":47,"code":113567,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[52,113569,113570,113586,113608,113618],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113571,113572,113574,113576,113578,113580,113582,113584],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113573,243],{"class":61},[55,113575,66],{"class":65},[55,113577,10088],{"class":69},[55,113579,152],{"class":130},[55,113581,83],{"class":69},[55,113583,976],{"class":130},[55,113585,8906],{"class":69},[55,113587,113588,113590,113592,113594,113596,113598,113600,113602,113604,113606],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113589,275],{"class":61},[55,113591,198],{"class":69},[55,113593,30062],{"class":123},[55,113595,2573],{"class":69},[55,113597,309],{"class":130},[55,113599,83],{"class":69},[55,113601,2036],{"class":130},[55,113603,83],{"class":69},[55,113605,2042],{"class":130},[55,113607,282],{"class":69},[55,113609,113610,113612,113614,113616],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113611,117],{"class":116},[55,113613,120],{"class":69},[55,113615,275],{"class":123},[55,113617,103],{"class":69},[55,113619,113620],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,113621,113622],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[14,113624,1440,113625,113627],{},[52,113626,14551],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[37,113629,3265,113631,3268],{"id":113630},"what-setupdate-does",[52,113632,96906],{},[14,113634,113635,854],{},[52,113636,96906],{},[21,113638,113639,113642,113644,113647],{},[24,113640,113641],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[24,113643,95907],{},[24,113645,113646],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[24,113648,95910],{},[14,113650,113651],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[45,113653,113655],{"className":47,"code":113654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[52,113656,113657,113681,113707,113711,113721],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113658,113659,113661,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113660,62],{"class":61},[55,113662,66],{"class":65},[55,113664,10088],{"class":69},[55,113666,74],{"class":73},[55,113668,78],{"class":77},[55,113670,74],{"class":73},[55,113672,83],{"class":69},[55,113674,86],{"class":73},[55,113676,98],{"class":77},[55,113678,74],{"class":73},[55,113680,8906],{"class":69},[55,113682,113683,113685,113687,113689,113691,113693,113695,113697,113699,113701,113703,113705],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113684,124],{"class":61},[55,113686,198],{"class":69},[55,113688,30062],{"class":123},[55,113690,2573],{"class":69},[55,113692,74],{"class":73},[55,113694,98],{"class":77},[55,113696,74],{"class":73},[55,113698,83],{"class":69},[55,113700,86],{"class":73},[55,113702,89],{"class":77},[55,113704,74],{"class":73},[55,113706,282],{"class":69},[55,113708,113709],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113710,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,113712,113713,113715,113717,113719],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,113714,117],{"class":116},[55,113716,120],{"class":69},[55,113718,124],{"class":123},[55,113720,103],{"class":69},[55,113722,113723],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,113724,113725],{"class":137},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[14,113727,20574,113728,113730],{},[52,113729,110626],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[37,113732,1740],{"id":1739},[14,113734,6812],{},[45,113736,113738],{"className":47,"code":113737,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[52,113739,113740],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113741,113742,113744,113746,113748,113750,113752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113743,15264],{"class":61},[55,113745,198],{"class":69},[55,113747,30062],{"class":123},[55,113749,120],{"class":69},[55,113751,3309],{"class":123},[55,113753,103],{"class":69},[14,113755,79793],{},[21,113757,113758,113761,113764,113767,113770],{},[24,113759,113760],{},"A list",[24,113762,113763],{},"A tuple",[24,113765,113766],{},"Another set",[24,113768,113769],{},"A string",[24,113771,113772],{},"Any other iterable",[14,113774,113775],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[45,113777,113779],{"className":47,"code":113778,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[52,113780,113781],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113782,113783,113785,113787,113789,113791,113793,113795,113797,113799,113801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113784,15264],{"class":61},[55,113786,198],{"class":69},[55,113788,30062],{"class":123},[55,113790,120],{"class":69},[55,113792,194],{"class":123},[55,113794,83],{"class":69},[55,113796,2146],{"class":123},[55,113798,83],{"class":69},[55,113800,9279],{"class":123},[55,113802,103],{"class":69},[14,113804,233],{},[45,113806,113808],{"className":47,"code":113807,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[52,113809,113810,113822,113856,113860,113870],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113811,113812,113814,113816,113818,113820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113813,3413],{"class":61},[55,113815,66],{"class":65},[55,113817,10088],{"class":69},[55,113819,152],{"class":130},[55,113821,8906],{"class":69},[55,113823,113824,113826,113828,113830,113832,113834,113836,113838,113840,113842,113844,113846,113848,113850,113852,113854],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113825,4951],{"class":61},[55,113827,198],{"class":69},[55,113829,30062],{"class":123},[55,113831,2573],{"class":69},[55,113833,309],{"class":130},[55,113835,83],{"class":69},[55,113837,2036],{"class":130},[55,113839,17659],{"class":69},[55,113841,70],{"class":69},[55,113843,2091],{"class":130},[55,113845,83],{"class":69},[55,113847,4196],{"class":130},[55,113849,8831],{"class":69},[55,113851,10088],{"class":69},[55,113853,80184],{"class":130},[55,113855,30094],{"class":69},[55,113857,113858],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113859,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,113861,113862,113864,113866,113868],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,113863,117],{"class":116},[55,113865,120],{"class":69},[55,113867,4951],{"class":123},[55,113869,103],{"class":69},[55,113871,113872],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,113873,113874],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[14,113876,95916,113877,198],{},[194,113878,95924],{"href":97475},[37,113880,21567],{"id":21566},[14,113882,113883,1981,113885,198],{},[52,113884,96906],{},[52,113886,3368],{},[14,113888,11313],{},[45,113890,113892],{"className":47,"code":113891,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[52,113893,113894,113910,113932,113936,113946],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113895,113896,113898,113900,113902,113904,113906,113908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113897,243],{"class":61},[55,113899,66],{"class":65},[55,113901,10088],{"class":69},[55,113903,152],{"class":130},[55,113905,83],{"class":69},[55,113907,976],{"class":130},[55,113909,8906],{"class":69},[55,113911,113912,113914,113916,113918,113920,113922,113924,113926,113928,113930],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113913,1814],{"class":61},[55,113915,66],{"class":65},[55,113917,3852],{"class":61},[55,113919,198],{"class":69},[55,113921,30062],{"class":123},[55,113923,2573],{"class":69},[55,113925,609],{"class":130},[55,113927,83],{"class":69},[55,113929,2042],{"class":130},[55,113931,282],{"class":69},[55,113933,113934],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113935,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,113937,113938,113940,113942,113944],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,113939,117],{"class":116},[55,113941,120],{"class":69},[55,113943,1849],{"class":123},[55,113945,103],{"class":69},[55,113947,113948],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,113949,61427],{"class":137},[14,113951,113952,113953,198],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[52,113954,1849],{},[14,113956,18565],{},[45,113958,113960],{"className":47,"code":113959,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[52,113961,113962,113978,113996,114000,114010],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,113963,113964,113966,113968,113970,113972,113974,113976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,113965,243],{"class":61},[55,113967,66],{"class":65},[55,113969,10088],{"class":69},[55,113971,152],{"class":130},[55,113973,83],{"class":69},[55,113975,976],{"class":130},[55,113977,8906],{"class":69},[55,113979,113980,113982,113984,113986,113988,113990,113992,113994],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,113981,275],{"class":61},[55,113983,198],{"class":69},[55,113985,30062],{"class":123},[55,113987,2573],{"class":69},[55,113989,609],{"class":130},[55,113991,83],{"class":69},[55,113993,2042],{"class":130},[55,113995,282],{"class":69},[55,113997,113998],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,113999,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114001,114002,114004,114006,114008],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114003,117],{"class":116},[55,114005,120],{"class":69},[55,114007,275],{"class":123},[55,114009,103],{"class":69},[55,114011,114012],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114013,113622],{"class":137},[37,114015,114017],{"id":114016},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[14,114019,114020,114021,198],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[52,114022,14551],{},[45,114024,114026],{"className":47,"code":114025,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[52,114027,114028,114044,114070,114074,114084],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114029,114030,114032,114034,114036,114038,114040,114042],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114031,243],{"class":61},[55,114033,66],{"class":65},[55,114035,10088],{"class":69},[55,114037,152],{"class":130},[55,114039,83],{"class":69},[55,114041,976],{"class":130},[55,114043,8906],{"class":69},[55,114045,114046,114048,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062,114064,114066,114068],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114047,275],{"class":61},[55,114049,198],{"class":69},[55,114051,30062],{"class":123},[55,114053,2573],{"class":69},[55,114055,309],{"class":130},[55,114057,83],{"class":69},[55,114059,2036],{"class":130},[55,114061,83],{"class":69},[55,114063,2042],{"class":130},[55,114065,83],{"class":69},[55,114067,2042],{"class":130},[55,114069,282],{"class":69},[55,114071,114072],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114073,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114075,114076,114078,114080,114082],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114077,117],{"class":116},[55,114079,120],{"class":69},[55,114081,275],{"class":123},[55,114083,103],{"class":69},[55,114085,114086],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114087,113622],{"class":137},[14,114089,11282],{},[21,114091,114092,114097,114104],{},[24,114093,114094,114096],{},[52,114095,309],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[24,114098,114099,3983,114101,114103],{},[52,114100,609],{},[52,114102,2091],{}," are added",[24,114105,114106,114107,114109],{},"The second ",[52,114108,2091],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[14,114111,114112,114113,114116],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[194,114114,114115],{"href":98669},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[37,114118,114120],{"id":114119},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[14,114122,7358,114123,114125],{},[52,114124,14551],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[45,114127,114129],{"className":47,"code":114128,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,114130,114131,114152,114173,114177,114193,114197,114207],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114132,114133,114136,114138,114140,114142,114144,114146,114148,114150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114134,114135],{"class":61},"set_a ",[55,114137,66],{"class":65},[55,114139,10088],{"class":69},[55,114141,152],{"class":130},[55,114143,83],{"class":69},[55,114145,976],{"class":130},[55,114147,83],{"class":69},[55,114149,2036],{"class":130},[55,114151,8906],{"class":69},[55,114153,114154,114157,114159,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114155,114156],{"class":61},"set_b ",[55,114158,66],{"class":65},[55,114160,10088],{"class":69},[55,114162,609],{"class":130},[55,114164,83],{"class":69},[55,114166,2042],{"class":130},[55,114168,83],{"class":69},[55,114170,4196],{"class":130},[55,114172,8906],{"class":69},[55,114174,114175],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114176,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114178,114179,114182,114184,114186,114188,114191],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114180,114181],{"class":61},"set_a",[55,114183,198],{"class":69},[55,114185,30062],{"class":123},[55,114187,120],{"class":69},[55,114189,114190],{"class":123},"set_b",[55,114192,103],{"class":69},[55,114194,114195],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114196,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114198,114199,114201,114203,114205],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,114200,117],{"class":116},[55,114202,120],{"class":69},[55,114204,114181],{"class":123},[55,114206,103],{"class":69},[55,114208,114209],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,114210,111583],{"class":137},[14,114212,114213],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[14,114215,114216,114217,198],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[194,114218,114219],{"href":102388},[52,114220,107635],{},[45,114222,114224],{"className":47,"code":114223,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,114225,114226,114246,114266,114270,114290,114294,114305,114309,114319],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114227,114228,114230,114232,114234,114236,114238,114240,114242,114244],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114229,114135],{"class":61},[55,114231,66],{"class":65},[55,114233,10088],{"class":69},[55,114235,152],{"class":130},[55,114237,83],{"class":69},[55,114239,976],{"class":130},[55,114241,83],{"class":69},[55,114243,2036],{"class":130},[55,114245,8906],{"class":69},[55,114247,114248,114250,114252,114254,114256,114258,114260,114262,114264],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114249,114156],{"class":61},[55,114251,66],{"class":65},[55,114253,10088],{"class":69},[55,114255,609],{"class":130},[55,114257,83],{"class":69},[55,114259,2042],{"class":130},[55,114261,83],{"class":69},[55,114263,4196],{"class":130},[55,114265,8906],{"class":69},[55,114267,114268],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114269,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114271,114272,114275,114277,114280,114282,114284,114286,114288],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114273,114274],{"class":61},"combined ",[55,114276,66],{"class":65},[55,114278,114279],{"class":61}," set_a",[55,114281,198],{"class":69},[55,114283,110861],{"class":123},[55,114285,120],{"class":69},[55,114287,114190],{"class":123},[55,114289,103],{"class":69},[55,114291,114292],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114293,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114295,114296,114298,114300,114303],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,114297,117],{"class":116},[55,114299,120],{"class":69},[55,114301,114302],{"class":123},"combined",[55,114304,103],{"class":69},[55,114306,114307],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,114308,111583],{"class":137},[55,114310,114311,114313,114315,114317],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,114312,117],{"class":116},[55,114314,120],{"class":69},[55,114316,114181],{"class":123},[55,114318,103],{"class":69},[55,114320,114321],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,114322,114323],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[37,114325,114327],{"id":114326},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[14,114329,64335,114330,114332],{},[52,114331,14551],{}," adds each character separately.",[45,114334,114336],{"className":47,"code":114335,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[52,114337,114338,114354,114372,114376,114386],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114339,114340,114342,114344,114346,114348,114350,114352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114341,769],{"class":61},[55,114343,66],{"class":65},[55,114345,10088],{"class":69},[55,114347,74],{"class":73},[55,114349,1757],{"class":77},[55,114351,74],{"class":73},[55,114353,8906],{"class":69},[55,114355,114356,114358,114360,114362,114364,114366,114368,114370],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114357,812],{"class":61},[55,114359,198],{"class":69},[55,114361,30062],{"class":123},[55,114363,120],{"class":69},[55,114365,74],{"class":73},[55,114367,36643],{"class":77},[55,114369,74],{"class":73},[55,114371,103],{"class":69},[55,114373,114374],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114375,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114377,114378,114380,114382,114384],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114379,117],{"class":116},[55,114381,120],{"class":69},[55,114383,812],{"class":123},[55,114385,103],{"class":69},[55,114387,114388],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114389,114390],{"class":137},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[14,114392,114393],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[14,114395,114396,13650,114399,114401,114402,114404],{},[52,114397,114398],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3332,114400,4222],{}," add ",[52,114403,112628],{}," as one item. It adds:",[21,114406,114407,114411,114415],{},[24,114408,114409],{},[52,114410,66076],{},[24,114412,114413],{},[52,114414,17693],{},[24,114416,114417],{},[52,114418,112644],{},[14,114420,114421,114422,854],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[194,114423,114424],{"href":98092},[52,114425,95800],{},[45,114427,114429],{"className":47,"code":114428,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[52,114430,114431,114447,114465,114469,114479],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114432,114433,114435,114437,114439,114441,114443,114445],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114434,3661],{"class":61},[55,114436,66],{"class":65},[55,114438,10088],{"class":69},[55,114440,74],{"class":73},[55,114442,57724],{"class":77},[55,114444,74],{"class":73},[55,114446,8906],{"class":69},[55,114448,114449,114451,114453,114455,114457,114459,114461,114463],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114450,3702],{"class":61},[55,114452,198],{"class":69},[55,114454,81696],{"class":123},[55,114456,120],{"class":69},[55,114458,74],{"class":73},[55,114460,36643],{"class":77},[55,114462,74],{"class":73},[55,114464,103],{"class":69},[55,114466,114467],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114468,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114470,114471,114473,114475,114477],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114472,117],{"class":116},[55,114474,120],{"class":69},[55,114476,3702],{"class":123},[55,114478,103],{"class":69},[55,114480,114481],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114482,114483],{"class":137},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[37,114485,114487,10183,114489],{"id":114486},"update-vs-add",[52,114488,14551],{},[52,114490,95795],{},[14,114492,114493],{},"The difference is simple:",[21,114495,114496,114500],{},[24,114497,114498,96394],{},[52,114499,95795],{},[24,114501,114502,96399],{},[52,114503,14551],{},[14,114505,45638,114506,854],{},[52,114507,95795],{},[45,114509,114511],{"className":47,"code":114510,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[52,114512,114513,114529,114547,114551,114561],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114514,114515,114517,114519,114521,114523,114525,114527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114516,398],{"class":61},[55,114518,66],{"class":65},[55,114520,10088],{"class":69},[55,114522,74],{"class":73},[55,114524,407],{"class":77},[55,114526,74],{"class":73},[55,114528,8906],{"class":69},[55,114530,114531,114533,114535,114537,114539,114541,114543,114545],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114532,442],{"class":61},[55,114534,198],{"class":69},[55,114536,81696],{"class":123},[55,114538,120],{"class":69},[55,114540,74],{"class":73},[55,114542,416],{"class":77},[55,114544,74],{"class":73},[55,114546,103],{"class":69},[55,114548,114549],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114550,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114552,114553,114555,114557,114559],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114554,117],{"class":116},[55,114556,120],{"class":69},[55,114558,442],{"class":123},[55,114560,103],{"class":69},[55,114562,114563],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114564,114565],{"class":137},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[14,114567,45638,114568,854],{},[52,114569,14551],{},[45,114571,114573],{"className":47,"code":114572,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[52,114574,114575,114591,114617,114621,114631],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114576,114577,114579,114581,114583,114585,114587,114589],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114578,398],{"class":61},[55,114580,66],{"class":65},[55,114582,10088],{"class":69},[55,114584,74],{"class":73},[55,114586,407],{"class":77},[55,114588,74],{"class":73},[55,114590,8906],{"class":69},[55,114592,114593,114595,114597,114599,114601,114603,114605,114607,114609,114611,114613,114615],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114594,442],{"class":61},[55,114596,198],{"class":69},[55,114598,30062],{"class":123},[55,114600,2573],{"class":69},[55,114602,74],{"class":73},[55,114604,416],{"class":77},[55,114606,74],{"class":73},[55,114608,83],{"class":69},[55,114610,86],{"class":73},[55,114612,32820],{"class":77},[55,114614,74],{"class":73},[55,114616,282],{"class":69},[55,114618,114619],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114620,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114622,114623,114625,114627,114629],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114624,117],{"class":116},[55,114626,120],{"class":69},[55,114628,442],{"class":123},[55,114630,103],{"class":69},[55,114632,114633],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114634,114635],{"class":137},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[14,114637,114638],{},"Important warning with strings:",[45,114640,114642],{"className":47,"code":114641,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[52,114643,114644,114660,114678,114682,114692],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114645,114646,114648,114650,114652,114654,114656,114658],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114647,398],{"class":61},[55,114649,66],{"class":65},[55,114651,10088],{"class":69},[55,114653,74],{"class":73},[55,114655,407],{"class":77},[55,114657,74],{"class":73},[55,114659,8906],{"class":69},[55,114661,114662,114664,114666,114668,114670,114672,114674,114676],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114663,442],{"class":61},[55,114665,198],{"class":69},[55,114667,30062],{"class":123},[55,114669,120],{"class":69},[55,114671,74],{"class":73},[55,114673,37938],{"class":77},[55,114675,74],{"class":73},[55,114677,103],{"class":69},[55,114679,114680],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114681,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114683,114684,114686,114688,114690],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114685,117],{"class":116},[55,114687,120],{"class":69},[55,114689,442],{"class":123},[55,114691,103],{"class":69},[55,114693,114694],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114695,114696],{"class":137},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[14,114698,61702,114699,61775,114702,6226],{},[52,114700,114701],{},"\"kiwi\"",[52,114703,95795],{},[37,114705,114707,10183,114709],{"id":114706},"update-vs-union",[52,114708,14551],{},[52,114710,102391],{},[14,114712,114713],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[1425,114715,114716],{"id":30062},[52,114717,14551],{},[21,114719,114720,114723],{},[24,114721,114722],{},"Changes the existing set",[24,114724,11022,114725],{},[52,114726,3368],{},[45,114728,114730],{"className":47,"code":114729,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,114731,114732,114748,114764,114768,114782,114792],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114733,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742,114744,114746],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114735,2141],{"class":61},[55,114737,66],{"class":65},[55,114739,10088],{"class":69},[55,114741,152],{"class":130},[55,114743,83],{"class":69},[55,114745,976],{"class":130},[55,114747,8906],{"class":69},[55,114749,114750,114752,114754,114756,114758,114760,114762],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114751,2169],{"class":61},[55,114753,66],{"class":65},[55,114755,10088],{"class":69},[55,114757,309],{"class":130},[55,114759,83],{"class":69},[55,114761,2036],{"class":130},[55,114763,8906],{"class":69},[55,114765,114766],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114767,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114769,114770,114772,114774,114776,114778,114780],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114771,194],{"class":61},[55,114773,198],{"class":69},[55,114775,30062],{"class":123},[55,114777,120],{"class":69},[55,114779,786],{"class":123},[55,114781,103],{"class":69},[55,114783,114784,114786,114788,114790],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114785,117],{"class":116},[55,114787,120],{"class":69},[55,114789,194],{"class":123},[55,114791,103],{"class":69},[55,114793,114794],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,114795,114323],{"class":137},[1425,114797,114798],{"id":110861},[52,114799,102391],{},[21,114801,114802,114804],{},[24,114803,100929],{},[24,114805,100932],{},[45,114807,114809],{"className":47,"code":114808,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[52,114810,114811,114827,114843,114847,114865,114875,114879,114889],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114812,114813,114815,114817,114819,114821,114823,114825],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114814,2141],{"class":61},[55,114816,66],{"class":65},[55,114818,10088],{"class":69},[55,114820,152],{"class":130},[55,114822,83],{"class":69},[55,114824,976],{"class":130},[55,114826,8906],{"class":69},[55,114828,114829,114831,114833,114835,114837,114839,114841],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114830,2169],{"class":61},[55,114832,66],{"class":65},[55,114834,10088],{"class":69},[55,114836,309],{"class":130},[55,114838,83],{"class":69},[55,114840,2036],{"class":130},[55,114842,8906],{"class":69},[55,114844,114845],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114846,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114848,114849,114851,114853,114855,114857,114859,114861,114863],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114850,82776],{"class":61},[55,114852,66],{"class":65},[55,114854,56484],{"class":61},[55,114856,198],{"class":69},[55,114858,110861],{"class":123},[55,114860,120],{"class":69},[55,114862,786],{"class":123},[55,114864,103],{"class":69},[55,114866,114867,114869,114871,114873],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114868,117],{"class":116},[55,114870,120],{"class":69},[55,114872,795],{"class":123},[55,114874,103],{"class":69},[55,114876,114877],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,114878,114323],{"class":137},[55,114880,114881,114883,114885,114887],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,114882,117],{"class":116},[55,114884,120],{"class":69},[55,114886,194],{"class":123},[55,114888,103],{"class":69},[55,114890,114891],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,114892,114893],{"class":137},"# {1, 2}\n",[14,114895,107277,114896,114898,114899,114903],{},[52,114897,14551],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[194,114900,114901],{"href":102388},[52,114902,102391],{}," when you want a new set.",[37,114905,114907],{"id":114906},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[14,114909,10346,114910,198],{},[52,114911,96906],{},[1425,114913,114915],{"id":114914},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[14,114917,114918],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[45,114920,114922],{"className":47,"code":114921,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[52,114923,114924,114940,114962,114966,114976],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114925,114926,114928,114930,114932,114934,114936,114938],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114927,15226],{"class":61},[55,114929,66],{"class":65},[55,114931,10088],{"class":69},[55,114933,152],{"class":130},[55,114935,83],{"class":69},[55,114937,976],{"class":130},[55,114939,8906],{"class":69},[55,114941,114942,114944,114946,114948,114950,114952,114954,114956,114958,114960],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,114943,1814],{"class":61},[55,114945,66],{"class":65},[55,114947,96516],{"class":61},[55,114949,198],{"class":69},[55,114951,30062],{"class":123},[55,114953,2573],{"class":69},[55,114955,609],{"class":130},[55,114957,83],{"class":69},[55,114959,2042],{"class":130},[55,114961,282],{"class":69},[55,114963,114964],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,114965,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,114967,114968,114970,114972,114974],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,114969,117],{"class":116},[55,114971,120],{"class":69},[55,114973,1849],{"class":123},[55,114975,103],{"class":69},[55,114977,114978],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,114979,61427],{"class":137},[14,114981,114982,114983,854],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[52,114984,14551],{},[45,114986,114988],{"className":47,"code":114987,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[52,114989,114990,115006,115024,115028,115038],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,114991,114992,114994,114996,114998,115000,115002,115004],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,114993,15226],{"class":61},[55,114995,66],{"class":65},[55,114997,10088],{"class":69},[55,114999,152],{"class":130},[55,115001,83],{"class":69},[55,115003,976],{"class":130},[55,115005,8906],{"class":69},[55,115007,115008,115010,115012,115014,115016,115018,115020,115022],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115009,15264],{"class":61},[55,115011,198],{"class":69},[55,115013,30062],{"class":123},[55,115015,2573],{"class":69},[55,115017,609],{"class":130},[55,115019,83],{"class":69},[55,115021,2042],{"class":130},[55,115023,282],{"class":69},[55,115025,115026],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115027,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115029,115030,115032,115034,115036],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115031,117],{"class":116},[55,115033,120],{"class":69},[55,115035,15264],{"class":123},[55,115037,103],{"class":69},[55,115039,115040],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115041,113622],{"class":137},[1425,115043,115045],{"id":115044},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[14,115047,2423],{},[45,115049,115051],{"className":47,"code":115050,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[52,115052,115053,115069],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115054,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115056,15226],{"class":61},[55,115058,66],{"class":65},[55,115060,10088],{"class":69},[55,115062,152],{"class":130},[55,115064,83],{"class":69},[55,115066,976],{"class":130},[55,115068,8906],{"class":69},[55,115070,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079,115081],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115072,15264],{"class":61},[55,115074,198],{"class":69},[55,115076,30062],{"class":123},[55,115078,120],{"class":69},[55,115080,817],{"class":130},[55,115082,103],{"class":69},[14,115084,61881,115085,8197,115087,115089],{},[52,115086,2592],{},[52,115088,817],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[14,115091,6149],{},[45,115093,115095],{"className":47,"code":115094,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[52,115096,115097,115113,115127,115131,115141],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115098,115099,115101,115103,115105,115107,115109,115111],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115100,15226],{"class":61},[55,115102,66],{"class":65},[55,115104,10088],{"class":69},[55,115106,152],{"class":130},[55,115108,83],{"class":69},[55,115110,976],{"class":130},[55,115112,8906],{"class":69},[55,115114,115115,115117,115119,115121,115123,115125],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115116,15264],{"class":61},[55,115118,198],{"class":69},[55,115120,30062],{"class":123},[55,115122,2573],{"class":69},[55,115124,817],{"class":130},[55,115126,282],{"class":69},[55,115128,115129],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115130,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115132,115133,115135,115137,115139],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115134,117],{"class":116},[55,115136,120],{"class":69},[55,115138,15264],{"class":123},[55,115140,103],{"class":69},[55,115142,115143],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115144,115145],{"class":137},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[14,115147,45511,115148,198],{},[194,115149,1002,115150],{"href":52195},[52,115151,115152],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[1425,115154,115156],{"id":115155},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[14,115158,115159],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[45,115161,115163],{"className":47,"code":115162,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,115164,115165,115181,115207,115211,115221],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115166,115167,115169,115171,115173,115175,115177,115179],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115168,15226],{"class":61},[55,115170,66],{"class":65},[55,115172,10088],{"class":69},[55,115174,152],{"class":130},[55,115176,83],{"class":69},[55,115178,976],{"class":130},[55,115180,8906],{"class":69},[55,115182,115183,115185,115187,115189,115191,115193,115195,115197,115199,115201,115203,115205],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115184,15264],{"class":61},[55,115186,198],{"class":69},[55,115188,30062],{"class":123},[55,115190,2573],{"class":69},[55,115192,309],{"class":130},[55,115194,83],{"class":69},[55,115196,976],{"class":130},[55,115198,83],{"class":69},[55,115200,976],{"class":130},[55,115202,83],{"class":69},[55,115204,2036],{"class":130},[55,115206,282],{"class":69},[55,115208,115209],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115210,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115212,115213,115215,115217,115219],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115214,117],{"class":116},[55,115216,120],{"class":69},[55,115218,15264],{"class":123},[55,115220,103],{"class":69},[55,115222,115223],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115224,114323],{"class":137},[1425,115226,115228,115229,44227,115231,115233],{"id":115227},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[52,115230,14551],{},[52,115232,95795],{}," is better",[14,115235,115236,115237,115239],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[52,115238,95795],{}," is usually the better choice.",[45,115241,115243],{"className":47,"code":115242,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[52,115244,115245,115261,115279,115283,115293],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115246,115247,115249,115251,115253,115255,115257,115259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115248,15226],{"class":61},[55,115250,66],{"class":65},[55,115252,10088],{"class":69},[55,115254,74],{"class":73},[55,115256,57724],{"class":77},[55,115258,74],{"class":73},[55,115260,8906],{"class":69},[55,115262,115263,115265,115267,115269,115271,115273,115275,115277],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115264,15264],{"class":61},[55,115266,198],{"class":69},[55,115268,81696],{"class":123},[55,115270,120],{"class":69},[55,115272,74],{"class":73},[55,115274,36643],{"class":77},[55,115276,74],{"class":73},[55,115278,103],{"class":69},[55,115280,115281],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115282,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115284,115285,115287,115289,115291],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115286,117],{"class":116},[55,115288,120],{"class":69},[55,115290,15264],{"class":123},[55,115292,103],{"class":69},[55,115294,115295],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115296,114483],{"class":137},[37,115298,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,115300,12304,115302,96885],{"id":115301},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[52,115303,96906],{},[14,115305,96888,115306,198],{},[52,115307,3368],{},[1425,115309,27925,115310,31825],{"id":31822},[52,115311,14551],{},[14,115313,115314],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[1425,115316,4771,115318,3983,115320,2078],{"id":115317},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[52,115319,95795],{},[52,115321,14551],{},[14,115323,115324,115326,115327,115329],{},[52,115325,95795],{}," adds one item. ",[52,115328,14551],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[1425,115331,115333],{"id":115332},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[14,115335,115336,115337,114332],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[52,115338,14551],{},[1425,115340,115342],{"id":115341},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[14,115344,1440,115345,1309,115347,198],{},[52,115346,102391],{},[52,115348,14551],{},[37,115350,1495],{"id":1494},[21,115352,115353,115360,115367,115373,115379],{},[24,115354,115355],{},[194,115356,115357],{"href":98092},[52,115358,115359],{},"Python set add() method",[24,115361,115362],{},[194,115363,115364],{"href":102388},[52,115365,115366],{},"Python set union() method",[24,115368,115369],{},[194,115370,115371],{"href":97475},[52,115372,96930],{},[24,115374,115375],{},[194,115376,115377],{"href":98669},[52,115378,99936],{},[24,115380,115381],{},[194,115382,115383,115385],{"href":52195},[52,115384,115152],{}," fix",[14,115387,115388,115389,115391,115392,115394],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[52,115390,95800],{}," for a single value and ",[52,115393,107635],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1524,115396,115397],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":115399},[115400,115401,115403,115404,115405,115406,115407,115408,115410,115415,115422,115431],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":113630,"depth":106,"text":115402},"What set.update() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":21566,"depth":106,"text":21567},{"id":114016,"depth":106,"text":114017},{"id":114119,"depth":106,"text":114120},{"id":114326,"depth":106,"text":114327},{"id":114486,"depth":106,"text":115409},"update() vs add()",{"id":114706,"depth":106,"text":115411,"children":115412},"update() vs union()",[115413,115414],{"id":30062,"depth":113,"text":14551},{"id":110861,"depth":113,"text":102391},{"id":114906,"depth":106,"text":114907,"children":115416},[115417,115418,115419,115420],{"id":114914,"depth":113,"text":114915},{"id":115044,"depth":113,"text":115045},{"id":115155,"depth":113,"text":115156},{"id":115227,"depth":113,"text":115421},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":115423},[115424,115426,115427,115429,115430],{"id":115301,"depth":113,"text":115425},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31822,"depth":113,"text":31895},{"id":115317,"depth":113,"text":115428},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115332,"depth":113,"text":115333},{"id":115341,"depth":113,"text":115342},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113542,"description":115432},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115438,"title":115439,"body":115440,"description":117206,"extension":1546,"meta":117207,"navigation":109,"path":13386,"seo":117208,"stem":117209,"__hash__":117210},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115441,"toc":117181},[115442,115445,115448,115451,115462,115470,115473,115475,115624,115636,115640,115657,115661,115669,115671,115682,115684,115781,115787,115790,115886,115895,115900,115904,115909,115911,115921,115923,116032,116040,116044,116047,116050,116067,116073,116153,116156,116160,116163,116167,116170,116229,116232,116236,116239,116331,116335,116338,116445,116449,116455,116483,116485,116567,116577,116581,116584,116595,116598,116683,116686,116691,116695,116698,116709,116712,116854,116857,116861,116864,116878,116881,116942,116948,116950,116953,116975,116978,117078,117081,117113,117115,117119,117122,117124,117127,117131,117134,117138,117141,117145,117148,117150,117178],[10,115443,115439],{"id":115444},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[14,115446,115447],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[14,115449,115450],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[21,115452,115453,115456,115459],{},[24,115454,115455],{},"a list inside another list",[24,115457,115458],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[24,115460,115461],{},"a list of dictionaries",[14,115463,99858,115464,3983,115466,115469],{},[3332,115465,12451],{},[3332,115467,115468],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[14,115471,115472],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[37,115474,1588],{"id":1587},[45,115476,115478],{"className":47,"code":115477,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115479,115480,115487,115491,115517,115537,115557,115561,115579,115583,115596,115610],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115481,115482,115484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115483,34691],{"class":959},[55,115485,115486],{"class":61}," copy\n",[55,115488,115489],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115490,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115492,115493,115495,115497,115499,115501,115503,115505,115507,115509,115511,115513,115515],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115494,11685],{"class":61},[55,115496,66],{"class":65},[55,115498,55890],{"class":69},[55,115500,152],{"class":130},[55,115502,83],{"class":69},[55,115504,976],{"class":130},[55,115506,17659],{"class":69},[55,115508,3211],{"class":69},[55,115510,609],{"class":130},[55,115512,83],{"class":69},[55,115514,2042],{"class":130},[55,115516,52838],{"class":69},[55,115518,115519,115522,115524,115527,115529,115531,115533,115535],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115520,115521],{"class":61},"shallow ",[55,115523,66],{"class":65},[55,115525,115526],{"class":61}," copy",[55,115528,198],{"class":69},[55,115530,12511],{"class":123},[55,115532,120],{"class":69},[55,115534,11732],{"class":123},[55,115536,103],{"class":69},[55,115538,115539,115542,115544,115546,115548,115551,115553,115555],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115540,115541],{"class":61},"deep ",[55,115543,66],{"class":65},[55,115545,115526],{"class":61},[55,115547,198],{"class":69},[55,115549,115550],{"class":123},"deepcopy",[55,115552,120],{"class":69},[55,115554,11732],{"class":123},[55,115556,103],{"class":69},[55,115558,115559],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,115560,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115562,115563,115565,115567,115569,115571,115573,115575,115577],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,115564,11732],{"class":61},[55,115566,127],{"class":69},[55,115568,131],{"class":130},[55,115570,13146],{"class":69},[55,115572,13149],{"class":123},[55,115574,120],{"class":69},[55,115576,55943],{"class":130},[55,115578,103],{"class":69},[55,115580,115581],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,115582,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115584,115585,115587,115589,115591,115593],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,115586,117],{"class":116},[55,115588,120],{"class":69},[55,115590,11732],{"class":123},[55,115592,970],{"class":69},[55,115594,115595],{"class":137},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,115597,115598,115600,115602,115605,115607],{"class":57,"line":6031},[55,115599,117],{"class":116},[55,115601,120],{"class":69},[55,115603,115604],{"class":123},"shallow",[55,115606,970],{"class":69},[55,115608,115609],{"class":137},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[55,115611,115612,115614,115616,115619,115621],{"class":57,"line":11193},[55,115613,117],{"class":116},[55,115615,120],{"class":69},[55,115617,115618],{"class":123},"deep",[55,115620,970],{"class":69},[55,115622,115623],{"class":137},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115625,1440,115626,115629,115630,3983,115632,115635],{},[52,115627,115628],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3332,115631,12451],{},[52,115633,115634],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[37,115637,115639],{"id":115638},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[21,115641,115642,115645,115648,115651,115654],{},[24,115643,115644],{},"What a copy means in Python",[24,115646,115647],{},"How shallow copy works",[24,115649,115650],{},"How deep copy works",[24,115652,115653],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[24,115655,115656],{},"When to use each approach",[37,115658,115660],{"id":115659},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[14,115662,14786,115663,115665,115666,115668],{},[3332,115664,12451],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3332,115667,4222],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[14,115670,1690],{},[21,115672,115673,115676,115679],{},[24,115674,115675],{},"the outer container is new",[24,115677,115678],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[24,115680,115681],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[14,115683,233],{},[45,115685,115687],{"className":47,"code":115686,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[52,115688,115689,115715,115729,115733,115751,115755,115768],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115690,115691,115693,115695,115697,115699,115701,115703,115705,115707,115709,115711,115713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115692,11685],{"class":61},[55,115694,66],{"class":65},[55,115696,55890],{"class":69},[55,115698,152],{"class":130},[55,115700,83],{"class":69},[55,115702,976],{"class":130},[55,115704,17659],{"class":69},[55,115706,3211],{"class":69},[55,115708,609],{"class":130},[55,115710,83],{"class":69},[55,115712,2042],{"class":130},[55,115714,52838],{"class":69},[55,115716,115717,115719,115721,115723,115725,115727],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115718,13908],{"class":61},[55,115720,66],{"class":65},[55,115722,11760],{"class":61},[55,115724,198],{"class":69},[55,115726,12511],{"class":123},[55,115728,8239],{"class":69},[55,115730,115731],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115732,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115734,115735,115737,115739,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115736,13927],{"class":61},[55,115738,198],{"class":69},[55,115740,13149],{"class":123},[55,115742,2573],{"class":69},[55,115744,817],{"class":130},[55,115746,83],{"class":69},[55,115748,37240],{"class":130},[55,115750,282],{"class":69},[55,115752,115753],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115754,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115756,115757,115759,115761,115763,115765],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,115758,117],{"class":116},[55,115760,120],{"class":69},[55,115762,11732],{"class":123},[55,115764,970],{"class":69},[55,115766,115767],{"class":137},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[55,115769,115770,115772,115774,115776,115778],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,115771,117],{"class":116},[55,115773,120],{"class":69},[55,115775,13927],{"class":123},[55,115777,970],{"class":69},[55,115779,115780],{"class":137},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[14,115782,115783,115784,115786],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[52,115785,13927],{},", because the outer list is different.",[14,115788,115789],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[45,115791,115793],{"className":47,"code":115792,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115794,115795,115821,115835,115839,115857,115861,115873],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115796,115797,115799,115801,115803,115805,115807,115809,115811,115813,115815,115817,115819],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115798,11685],{"class":61},[55,115800,66],{"class":65},[55,115802,55890],{"class":69},[55,115804,152],{"class":130},[55,115806,83],{"class":69},[55,115808,976],{"class":130},[55,115810,17659],{"class":69},[55,115812,3211],{"class":69},[55,115814,609],{"class":130},[55,115816,83],{"class":69},[55,115818,2042],{"class":130},[55,115820,52838],{"class":69},[55,115822,115823,115825,115827,115829,115831,115833],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115824,13908],{"class":61},[55,115826,66],{"class":65},[55,115828,11760],{"class":61},[55,115830,198],{"class":69},[55,115832,12511],{"class":123},[55,115834,8239],{"class":69},[55,115836,115837],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115838,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115840,115841,115843,115845,115847,115849,115851,115853,115855],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115842,13927],{"class":61},[55,115844,127],{"class":69},[55,115846,131],{"class":130},[55,115848,13146],{"class":69},[55,115850,13149],{"class":123},[55,115852,120],{"class":69},[55,115854,55943],{"class":130},[55,115856,103],{"class":69},[55,115858,115859],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115860,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115862,115863,115865,115867,115869,115871],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,115864,117],{"class":116},[55,115866,120],{"class":69},[55,115868,11732],{"class":123},[55,115870,970],{"class":69},[55,115872,115595],{"class":137},[55,115874,115875,115877,115879,115881,115883],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,115876,117],{"class":116},[55,115878,120],{"class":69},[55,115880,13927],{"class":123},[55,115882,970],{"class":69},[55,115884,115885],{"class":137},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[14,115887,115888,115889,3983,115891,115894],{},"Both changed because ",[52,115890,56047],{},[52,115892,115893],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[14,115896,115897,115898,198],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[194,115899,43533],{"href":11664},[37,115901,115903],{"id":115902},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[14,115905,14786,115906,115908],{},[3332,115907,115468],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[14,115910,1690],{},[21,115912,115913,115915,115918],{},[24,115914,115675],{},[24,115916,115917],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[24,115919,115920],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[14,115922,233],{},[45,115924,115926],{"className":47,"code":115925,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,115927,115928,115934,115938,115964,115982,115986,116004,116008,116020],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,115929,115930,115932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,115931,34691],{"class":959},[55,115933,115486],{"class":61},[55,115935,115936],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,115937,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115939,115940,115942,115944,115946,115948,115950,115952,115954,115956,115958,115960,115962],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,115941,11685],{"class":61},[55,115943,66],{"class":65},[55,115945,55890],{"class":69},[55,115947,152],{"class":130},[55,115949,83],{"class":69},[55,115951,976],{"class":130},[55,115953,17659],{"class":69},[55,115955,3211],{"class":69},[55,115957,609],{"class":130},[55,115959,83],{"class":69},[55,115961,2042],{"class":130},[55,115963,52838],{"class":69},[55,115965,115966,115968,115970,115972,115974,115976,115978,115980],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,115967,13908],{"class":61},[55,115969,66],{"class":65},[55,115971,115526],{"class":61},[55,115973,198],{"class":69},[55,115975,115550],{"class":123},[55,115977,120],{"class":69},[55,115979,11732],{"class":123},[55,115981,103],{"class":69},[55,115983,115984],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,115985,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,115987,115988,115990,115992,115994,115996,115998,116000,116002],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,115989,13927],{"class":61},[55,115991,127],{"class":69},[55,115993,131],{"class":130},[55,115995,13146],{"class":69},[55,115997,13149],{"class":123},[55,115999,120],{"class":69},[55,116001,55943],{"class":130},[55,116003,103],{"class":69},[55,116005,116006],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,116007,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116009,116010,116012,116014,116016,116018],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,116011,117],{"class":116},[55,116013,120],{"class":69},[55,116015,11732],{"class":123},[55,116017,970],{"class":69},[55,116019,115767],{"class":137},[55,116021,116022,116024,116026,116028,116030],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,116023,117],{"class":116},[55,116025,120],{"class":69},[55,116027,13927],{"class":123},[55,116029,970],{"class":69},[55,116031,115885],{"class":137},[14,116033,116034,116035,116037,116038,198],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[52,116036,115893],{}," does not change ",[52,116039,56047],{},[37,116041,116043],{"id":116042},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[14,116045,116046],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[14,116048,116049],{},"Common reasons:",[21,116051,116052,116055,116058,116064],{},[24,116053,116054],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[24,116056,116057],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[24,116059,116060,116061,116063],{},"Assignment with ",[52,116062,66],{}," does not make a copy",[24,116065,116066],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[14,116068,116069,116070,116072],{},"For example, this does ",[3332,116071,4222],{}," create a copy:",[45,116074,116076],{"className":47,"code":116075,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,116077,116078,116098,116106,116110,116124,116128,116140],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116079,116080,116082,116084,116086,116088,116090,116092,116094,116096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116081,11685],{"class":61},[55,116083,66],{"class":65},[55,116085,3211],{"class":69},[55,116087,152],{"class":130},[55,116089,83],{"class":69},[55,116091,976],{"class":130},[55,116093,83],{"class":69},[55,116095,2036],{"class":130},[55,116097,386],{"class":69},[55,116099,116100,116102,116104],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116101,13908],{"class":61},[55,116103,66],{"class":65},[55,116105,11723],{"class":61},[55,116107,116108],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116109,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116111,116112,116114,116116,116118,116120,116122],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116113,13927],{"class":61},[55,116115,198],{"class":69},[55,116117,13149],{"class":123},[55,116119,120],{"class":69},[55,116121,2091],{"class":130},[55,116123,103],{"class":69},[55,116125,116126],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,116127,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116129,116130,116132,116134,116136,116138],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,116131,117],{"class":116},[55,116133,120],{"class":69},[55,116135,11732],{"class":123},[55,116137,970],{"class":69},[55,116139,55297],{"class":137},[55,116141,116142,116144,116146,116148,116150],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,116143,117],{"class":116},[55,116145,120],{"class":69},[55,116147,13927],{"class":123},[55,116149,970],{"class":69},[55,116151,116152],{"class":137},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[14,116154,116155],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[37,116157,116159],{"id":116158},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[14,116161,116162],{},"These three ideas are different.",[1425,116164,116166],{"id":116165},"assignment","Assignment",[14,116168,116169],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[45,116171,116173],{"className":47,"code":116172,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[52,116174,116175,116201,116209,116213],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116176,116177,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191,116193,116195,116197,116199],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116178,11685],{"class":61},[55,116180,66],{"class":65},[55,116182,55890],{"class":69},[55,116184,152],{"class":130},[55,116186,83],{"class":69},[55,116188,976],{"class":130},[55,116190,17659],{"class":69},[55,116192,3211],{"class":69},[55,116194,609],{"class":130},[55,116196,83],{"class":69},[55,116198,2042],{"class":130},[55,116200,52838],{"class":69},[55,116202,116203,116205,116207],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116204,13699],{"class":61},[55,116206,66],{"class":65},[55,116208,11723],{"class":61},[55,116210,116211],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116212,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116214,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116216,117],{"class":116},[55,116218,120],{"class":69},[55,116220,11685],{"class":123},[55,116222,11793],{"class":959},[55,116224,13767],{"class":123},[55,116226,970],{"class":69},[55,116228,3251],{"class":137},[14,116230,116231],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[1425,116233,116235],{"id":116234},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[14,116237,116238],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[45,116240,116242],{"className":47,"code":116241,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[52,116243,116244,116270,116284,116288,116305],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116245,116246,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256,116258,116260,116262,116264,116266,116268],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116247,11685],{"class":61},[55,116249,66],{"class":65},[55,116251,55890],{"class":69},[55,116253,152],{"class":130},[55,116255,83],{"class":69},[55,116257,976],{"class":130},[55,116259,17659],{"class":69},[55,116261,3211],{"class":69},[55,116263,609],{"class":130},[55,116265,83],{"class":69},[55,116267,2042],{"class":130},[55,116269,52838],{"class":69},[55,116271,116272,116274,116276,116278,116280,116282],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116273,115521],{"class":61},[55,116275,66],{"class":65},[55,116277,11760],{"class":61},[55,116279,198],{"class":69},[55,116281,12511],{"class":123},[55,116283,8239],{"class":69},[55,116285,116286],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116287,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116289,116290,116292,116294,116296,116298,116301,116303],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116291,117],{"class":116},[55,116293,120],{"class":69},[55,116295,11685],{"class":123},[55,116297,11793],{"class":959},[55,116299,116300],{"class":123}," shallow",[55,116302,970],{"class":69},[55,116304,20797],{"class":137},[55,116306,116307,116309,116311,116313,116315,116317,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,116308,117],{"class":116},[55,116310,120],{"class":69},[55,116312,11732],{"class":123},[55,116314,127],{"class":69},[55,116316,131],{"class":130},[55,116318,1277],{"class":69},[55,116320,7691],{"class":959},[55,116322,116300],{"class":123},[55,116324,127],{"class":69},[55,116326,131],{"class":130},[55,116328,134],{"class":69},[55,116330,3251],{"class":137},[1425,116332,116334],{"id":116333},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[14,116336,116337],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[45,116339,116341],{"className":47,"code":116340,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[52,116342,116343,116349,116353,116379,116397,116401,116419],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116344,116345,116347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116346,34691],{"class":959},[55,116348,115486],{"class":61},[55,116350,116351],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116352,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116354,116355,116357,116359,116361,116363,116365,116367,116369,116371,116373,116375,116377],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116356,11685],{"class":61},[55,116358,66],{"class":65},[55,116360,55890],{"class":69},[55,116362,152],{"class":130},[55,116364,83],{"class":69},[55,116366,976],{"class":130},[55,116368,17659],{"class":69},[55,116370,3211],{"class":69},[55,116372,609],{"class":130},[55,116374,83],{"class":69},[55,116376,2042],{"class":130},[55,116378,52838],{"class":69},[55,116380,116381,116383,116385,116387,116389,116391,116393,116395],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116382,115541],{"class":61},[55,116384,66],{"class":65},[55,116386,115526],{"class":61},[55,116388,198],{"class":69},[55,116390,115550],{"class":123},[55,116392,120],{"class":69},[55,116394,11732],{"class":123},[55,116396,103],{"class":69},[55,116398,116399],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,116400,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116402,116403,116405,116407,116409,116411,116414,116416],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,116404,117],{"class":116},[55,116406,120],{"class":69},[55,116408,11685],{"class":123},[55,116410,11793],{"class":959},[55,116412,116413],{"class":123}," deep",[55,116415,970],{"class":69},[55,116417,116418],{"class":137},"         # False\n",[55,116420,116421,116423,116425,116427,116429,116431,116433,116435,116437,116439,116441,116443],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,116422,117],{"class":116},[55,116424,120],{"class":69},[55,116426,11732],{"class":123},[55,116428,127],{"class":69},[55,116430,131],{"class":130},[55,116432,1277],{"class":69},[55,116434,7691],{"class":959},[55,116436,116413],{"class":123},[55,116438,127],{"class":69},[55,116440,131],{"class":130},[55,116442,134],{"class":69},[55,116444,43469],{"class":137},[37,116446,116448],{"id":116447},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[14,116450,116451,116452,854],{},"These all make ",[3332,116453,116454],{},"shallow copies",[21,116456,116457,116461,116465,116470,116476],{},[24,116458,116459],{},[52,116460,55197],{},[24,116462,116463],{},[52,116464,12034],{},[24,116466,116467],{},[52,116468,116469],{},"set.copy()",[24,116471,116472,116473],{},"list slicing like ",[52,116474,116475],{},"my_list[:]",[24,116477,116478,116480,116481,34681],{},[52,116479,115628],{}," from the ",[52,116482,12511],{},[14,116484,1708],{},[45,116486,116488],{"className":47,"code":116487,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,116489,116490,116510,116514,116528,116539,116543,116555],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116491,116492,116494,116496,116498,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116493,243],{"class":61},[55,116495,66],{"class":65},[55,116497,3211],{"class":69},[55,116499,152],{"class":130},[55,116501,83],{"class":69},[55,116503,976],{"class":130},[55,116505,83],{"class":69},[55,116507,2036],{"class":130},[55,116509,386],{"class":69},[55,116511,116512],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116513,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116515,116516,116518,116520,116522,116524,116526],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116517,2141],{"class":61},[55,116519,66],{"class":65},[55,116521,3852],{"class":61},[55,116523,198],{"class":69},[55,116525,12511],{"class":123},[55,116527,8239],{"class":69},[55,116529,116530,116532,116534,116536],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116531,2169],{"class":61},[55,116533,66],{"class":65},[55,116535,3852],{"class":61},[55,116537,116538],{"class":69},"[:]\n",[55,116540,116541],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,116542,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116544,116545,116547,116549,116551,116553],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,116546,117],{"class":116},[55,116548,120],{"class":69},[55,116550,194],{"class":123},[55,116552,970],{"class":69},[55,116554,54528],{"class":137},[55,116556,116557,116559,116561,116563,116565],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,116558,117],{"class":116},[55,116560,120],{"class":69},[55,116562,786],{"class":123},[55,116564,970],{"class":69},[55,116566,54528],{"class":137},[14,116568,72731,116569,47132,116573,198],{},[194,116570,116571,10339],{"href":54556},[52,116572,55197],{},[194,116574,116575,10339],{"href":12031},[52,116576,12034],{},[37,116578,116580],{"id":116579},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[14,116582,116583],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[21,116585,116586,116589,116592],{},[24,116587,116588],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[24,116590,116591],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[24,116593,116594],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[14,116596,116597],{},"Example with a flat list:",[45,116599,116601],{"className":47,"code":116600,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[52,116602,116603,116623,116637,116641,116655,116659,116671],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116604,116605,116607,116609,116611,116613,116615,116617,116619,116621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116606,11685],{"class":61},[55,116608,66],{"class":65},[55,116610,3211],{"class":69},[55,116612,152],{"class":130},[55,116614,83],{"class":69},[55,116616,976],{"class":130},[55,116618,83],{"class":69},[55,116620,2036],{"class":130},[55,116622,386],{"class":69},[55,116624,116625,116627,116629,116631,116633,116635],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116626,13908],{"class":61},[55,116628,66],{"class":65},[55,116630,11760],{"class":61},[55,116632,198],{"class":69},[55,116634,12511],{"class":123},[55,116636,8239],{"class":69},[55,116638,116639],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116640,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116642,116643,116645,116647,116649,116651,116653],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116644,13927],{"class":61},[55,116646,198],{"class":69},[55,116648,13149],{"class":123},[55,116650,120],{"class":69},[55,116652,2091],{"class":130},[55,116654,103],{"class":69},[55,116656,116657],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,116658,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116660,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,116662,117],{"class":116},[55,116664,120],{"class":69},[55,116666,11732],{"class":123},[55,116668,970],{"class":69},[55,116670,54528],{"class":137},[55,116672,116673,116675,116677,116679,116681],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,116674,117],{"class":116},[55,116676,120],{"class":69},[55,116678,13927],{"class":123},[55,116680,970],{"class":69},[55,116682,116152],{"class":137},[14,116684,116685],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[14,116687,116688,116689,198],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[194,116690,14485],{"href":56816},[37,116692,116694],{"id":116693},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[14,116696,116697],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[21,116699,116700,116703,116706],{},[24,116701,116702],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[24,116704,116705],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[24,116707,116708],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[14,116710,116711],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[45,116713,116715],{"className":47,"code":116714,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[52,116716,116717,116723,116727,116753,116767,116785,116789,116811,116815,116828,116841],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116718,116719,116721],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116720,34691],{"class":959},[55,116722,115486],{"class":61},[55,116724,116725],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116726,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116728,116729,116731,116733,116735,116737,116739,116741,116743,116745,116747,116749,116751],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116730,11685],{"class":61},[55,116732,66],{"class":65},[55,116734,10088],{"class":69},[55,116736,74],{"class":73},[55,116738,15986],{"class":77},[55,116740,74],{"class":73},[55,116742,854],{"class":69},[55,116744,3211],{"class":69},[55,116746,250],{"class":130},[55,116748,83],{"class":69},[55,116750,255],{"class":130},[55,116752,13302],{"class":69},[55,116754,116755,116757,116759,116761,116763,116765],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116756,115521],{"class":61},[55,116758,66],{"class":65},[55,116760,11760],{"class":61},[55,116762,198],{"class":69},[55,116764,12511],{"class":123},[55,116766,8239],{"class":69},[55,116768,116769,116771,116773,116775,116777,116779,116781,116783],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,116770,115541],{"class":61},[55,116772,66],{"class":65},[55,116774,115526],{"class":61},[55,116776,198],{"class":69},[55,116778,115550],{"class":123},[55,116780,120],{"class":69},[55,116782,11732],{"class":123},[55,116784,103],{"class":69},[55,116786,116787],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,116788,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116790,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807,116809],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,116792,11732],{"class":61},[55,116794,127],{"class":69},[55,116796,74],{"class":73},[55,116798,15986],{"class":77},[55,116800,74],{"class":73},[55,116802,13146],{"class":69},[55,116804,13149],{"class":123},[55,116806,120],{"class":69},[55,116808,36437],{"class":130},[55,116810,103],{"class":69},[55,116812,116813],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,116814,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116816,116817,116819,116821,116823,116825],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,116818,117],{"class":116},[55,116820,120],{"class":69},[55,116822,11732],{"class":123},[55,116824,970],{"class":69},[55,116826,116827],{"class":137},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,116829,116830,116832,116834,116836,116838],{"class":57,"line":6031},[55,116831,117],{"class":116},[55,116833,120],{"class":69},[55,116835,115604],{"class":123},[55,116837,970],{"class":69},[55,116839,116840],{"class":137},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[55,116842,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851],{"class":57,"line":11193},[55,116844,117],{"class":116},[55,116846,120],{"class":69},[55,116848,115618],{"class":123},[55,116850,970],{"class":69},[55,116852,116853],{"class":137},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[14,116855,116856],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[37,116858,116860],{"id":116859},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[14,116862,116863],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[21,116865,116866,116869,116872,116875],{},[24,116867,116868],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[24,116870,116871],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[24,116873,116874],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[24,116876,116877],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[14,116879,116880],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[45,116882,116884],{"className":47,"code":116883,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[52,116885,116886,116894,116902,116906,116914,116918,116930],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116887,116888,116890,116892],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116889,2141],{"class":61},[55,116891,66],{"class":65},[55,116893,2174],{"class":130},[55,116895,116896,116898,116900],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,116897,2169],{"class":61},[55,116899,66],{"class":65},[55,116901,35772],{"class":61},[55,116903,116904],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,116905,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116907,116908,116910,116912],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,116909,2169],{"class":61},[55,116911,66],{"class":65},[55,116913,14211],{"class":130},[55,116915,116916],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,116917,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,116919,116920,116922,116924,116926,116928],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,116921,117],{"class":116},[55,116923,120],{"class":69},[55,116925,194],{"class":123},[55,116927,970],{"class":69},[55,116929,26391],{"class":137},[55,116931,116932,116934,116936,116938,116940],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,116933,117],{"class":116},[55,116935,120],{"class":69},[55,116937,786],{"class":123},[55,116939,970],{"class":69},[55,116941,27212],{"class":137},[14,116943,93101,116944,116947],{},[194,116945,116946],{"href":11664},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[37,116949,1298],{"id":1297},[14,116951,116952],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[21,116954,116955,116959,116964,116969,116972],{},[24,116956,8012,116957,56380],{},[52,116958,66],{},[24,116960,8012,116961,116963],{},[52,116962,55197],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[24,116965,8012,116966,116968],{},[52,116967,12034],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[24,116970,116971],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[24,116973,116974],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[14,116976,116977],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[45,116979,116981],{"className":47,"code":116980,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[52,116982,116983,116997,117011,117033,117064],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,116984,116985,116987,116989,116991,116993,116995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,116986,117],{"class":116},[55,116988,120],{"class":69},[55,116990,11685],{"class":123},[55,116992,11793],{"class":959},[55,116994,13981],{"class":123},[55,116996,103],{"class":69},[55,116998,116999,117001,117003,117005,117007,117009],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117000,117],{"class":116},[55,117002,120],{"class":69},[55,117004,11685],{"class":123},[55,117006,4280],{"class":65},[55,117008,13981],{"class":123},[55,117010,103],{"class":69},[55,117012,117013,117015,117017,117019,117021,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,117014,117],{"class":116},[55,117016,120],{"class":69},[55,117018,12249],{"class":116},[55,117020,120],{"class":69},[55,117022,11732],{"class":123},[55,117024,8831],{"class":69},[55,117026,14413],{"class":116},[55,117028,120],{"class":69},[55,117030,13927],{"class":123},[55,117032,1357],{"class":69},[55,117034,117035,117037,117039,117041,117043,117045,117047,117049,117052,117054,117056,117058,117060,117062],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,117036,117],{"class":116},[55,117038,120],{"class":69},[55,117040,12249],{"class":116},[55,117042,120],{"class":69},[55,117044,11732],{"class":123},[55,117046,127],{"class":69},[55,117048,131],{"class":130},[55,117050,117051],{"class":69},"]),",[55,117053,14413],{"class":116},[55,117055,120],{"class":69},[55,117057,13927],{"class":123},[55,117059,127],{"class":69},[55,117061,131],{"class":130},[55,117063,2586],{"class":69},[55,117065,117066,117068,117070,117072,117074,117076],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,117067,117],{"class":116},[55,117069,120],{"class":69},[55,117071,1396],{"class":850},[55,117073,120],{"class":69},[55,117075,11732],{"class":123},[55,117077,1357],{"class":69},[14,117079,117080],{},"What they tell you:",[21,117082,117083,117088,117093,117098,117108],{},[24,117084,117085,117087],{},[52,117086,11793],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[24,117089,117090,117092],{},[52,117091,4280],{}," checks whether values are equal",[24,117094,117095,117097],{},[52,117096,43085],{}," shows the identity of an object",[24,117099,117100,117101,3983,117104,117107],{},"comparing ",[52,117102,117103],{},"id(original[0])",[52,117105,117106],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[24,117109,117110,117112],{},[52,117111,1887],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[37,117114,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,117116,117118],{"id":117117},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[14,117120,117121],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[1425,117123,56866],{"id":56781},[14,117125,117126],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[1425,117128,117130],{"id":117129},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[14,117132,117133],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[1425,117135,117137],{"id":117136},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[14,117139,117140],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[1425,117142,117144],{"id":117143},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[14,117146,117147],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[37,117149,1495],{"id":1494},[21,117151,117152,117157,117163,117169,117173],{},[24,117153,117154],{},[194,117155,117156],{"href":11664},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[24,117158,117159],{},[194,117160,3165,117161,10339],{"href":54556},[52,117162,55197],{},[24,117164,117165],{},[194,117166,3165,117167,10339],{"href":12031},[52,117168,12034],{},[24,117170,117171],{},[194,117172,14562],{"href":56816},[24,117174,117175],{},[194,117176,117177],{"href":58091},"What is a list in Python?",[1524,117179,117180],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":117182},[117183,117184,117185,117186,117187,117188,117193,117194,117195,117196,117197,117198,117205],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":115638,"depth":106,"text":115639},{"id":115659,"depth":106,"text":115660},{"id":115902,"depth":106,"text":115903},{"id":116042,"depth":106,"text":116043},{"id":116158,"depth":106,"text":116159,"children":117189},[117190,117191,117192],{"id":116165,"depth":113,"text":116166},{"id":116234,"depth":113,"text":116235},{"id":116333,"depth":113,"text":116334},{"id":116447,"depth":106,"text":116448},{"id":116579,"depth":106,"text":116580},{"id":116693,"depth":106,"text":116694},{"id":116859,"depth":106,"text":116860},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":117199},[117200,117201,117202,117203,117204],{"id":117117,"depth":113,"text":117118},{"id":56781,"depth":113,"text":56866},{"id":117129,"depth":113,"text":117130},{"id":117136,"depth":113,"text":117137},{"id":117143,"depth":113,"text":117144},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115439,"description":117206},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117212,"title":117213,"body":117214,"description":119071,"extension":1546,"meta":119072,"navigation":109,"path":119073,"seo":119074,"stem":119075,"__hash__":119076},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117215,"toc":119029},[117216,117221,117226,117234,117236,117304,117309,117314,117329,117332,117334,117365,117367,117387,117390,117405,117407,117410,117483,117485,117530,117532,117543,117548,117552,117557,117560,117599,117601,117621,117624,117681,117683,117718,117721,117760,117762,117782,117785,117816,117818,117874,117876,117881,117952,117954,117987,117992,117997,118062,118064,118101,118104,118181,118183,118243,118250,118255,118258,118261,118342,118344,118385,118390,118393,118471,118473,118506,118515,118522,118525,118536,118539,118550,118554,118562,118571,118575,118580,118584,118589,118632,118635,118641,118644,118646,118693,118698,118702,118705,118754,118756,118777,118780,118782,118807,118810,118931,118936,118938,118943,118946,118951,118954,118962,118967,118974,118977,118985,118988,118990,119026],[10,117217,3165,117219,3169],{"id":117218},"python-sorted-function-explained",[52,117220,74015],{},[14,117222,117223,117225],{},[52,117224,74015],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[14,117227,117228,117229,1773,117231,117233],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[52,117230,77457],{},[52,117232,74015],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[37,117235,40],{"id":39},[45,117237,117239],{"className":47,"code":117238,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[52,117240,117241,117261,117275,117279,117291],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117242,117243,117245,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117244,243],{"class":61},[55,117246,66],{"class":65},[55,117248,3211],{"class":69},[55,117250,609],{"class":130},[55,117252,83],{"class":69},[55,117254,5090],{"class":130},[55,117256,83],{"class":69},[55,117258,976],{"class":130},[55,117260,386],{"class":69},[55,117262,117263,117265,117267,117269,117271,117273],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117264,1814],{"class":61},[55,117266,66],{"class":65},[55,117268,74149],{"class":116},[55,117270,120],{"class":69},[55,117272,275],{"class":123},[55,117274,103],{"class":69},[55,117276,117277],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,117278,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,117280,117281,117283,117285,117287,117289],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,117282,117],{"class":116},[55,117284,120],{"class":69},[55,117286,1849],{"class":123},[55,117288,970],{"class":69},[55,117290,55284],{"class":137},[55,117292,117293,117295,117297,117299,117301],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,117294,117],{"class":116},[55,117296,120],{"class":69},[55,117298,275],{"class":123},[55,117300,970],{"class":69},[55,117302,117303],{"class":137},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[14,117305,117306,117308],{},[52,117307,74015],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[37,117310,3265,117312,3268],{"id":117311},"what-sorted-does",[52,117313,74015],{},[21,117315,117316,117320,117323,117326],{},[24,117317,117318,62521],{},[52,117319,74015],{},[24,117321,117322],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[24,117324,117325],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[24,117327,117328],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[14,117330,117331],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[37,117333,1740],{"id":1739},[45,117335,117337],{"className":47,"code":117336,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[52,117338,117339],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117340,117341,117343,117345,117347,117349,117351,117353,117355,117357,117359,117361,117363],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117342,74105],{"class":116},[55,117344,120],{"class":69},[55,117346,3309],{"class":123},[55,117348,83],{"class":69},[55,117350,21176],{"class":8773},[55,117352,66],{"class":65},[55,117354,3368],{"class":3443},[55,117356,83],{"class":69},[55,117358,77660],{"class":8773},[55,117360,66],{"class":65},[55,117362,3261],{"class":3443},[55,117364,103],{"class":69},[1425,117366,16993],{"id":16992},[21,117368,117369,117374,117379],{},[24,117370,117371,117373],{},[52,117372,3309],{},": the values to sort",[24,117375,117376,117378],{},[52,117377,14438],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[24,117380,117381,117383,117384,117386],{},[52,117382,73168],{},": set to ",[52,117385,3194],{}," to sort in descending order",[14,117388,117389],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[45,117391,117393],{"className":47,"code":117392,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"sorted(my_values)\n",[52,117394,117395],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117396,117397,117399,117401,117403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117398,74105],{"class":116},[55,117400,120],{"class":69},[55,117402,59904],{"class":123},[55,117404,103],{"class":69},[37,117406,11073],{"id":11072},[14,117408,117409],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[45,117411,117413],{"className":47,"code":117412,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,117414,117415,117439,117443,117458,117462,117473],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117416,117417,117419,117421,117423,117425,117427,117429,117431,117433,117435,117437],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117418,243],{"class":61},[55,117420,66],{"class":65},[55,117422,3211],{"class":69},[55,117424,817],{"class":130},[55,117426,83],{"class":69},[55,117428,976],{"class":130},[55,117430,83],{"class":69},[55,117432,5954],{"class":130},[55,117434,83],{"class":69},[55,117436,5090],{"class":130},[55,117438,386],{"class":69},[55,117440,117441],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117442,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,117444,117445,117448,117450,117452,117454,117456],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,117446,117447],{"class":61},"sorted_numbers ",[55,117449,66],{"class":65},[55,117451,74149],{"class":116},[55,117453,120],{"class":69},[55,117455,275],{"class":123},[55,117457,103],{"class":69},[55,117459,117460],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,117461,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,117463,117464,117466,117468,117471],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,117465,117],{"class":116},[55,117467,120],{"class":69},[55,117469,117470],{"class":123},"sorted_numbers",[55,117472,103],{"class":69},[55,117474,117475,117477,117479,117481],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,117476,117],{"class":116},[55,117478,120],{"class":69},[55,117480,275],{"class":123},[55,117482,103],{"class":69},[14,117484,314],{},[45,117486,117488],{"className":47,"code":117487,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[52,117489,117490,117510],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117491,117492,117494,117496,117498,117500,117502,117504,117506,117508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117493,127],{"class":69},[55,117495,152],{"class":130},[55,117497,83],{"class":69},[55,117499,976],{"class":130},[55,117501,83],{"class":69},[55,117503,4196],{"class":130},[55,117505,83],{"class":69},[55,117507,5954],{"class":130},[55,117509,386],{"class":69},[55,117511,117512,117514,117516,117518,117520,117522,117524,117526,117528],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117513,127],{"class":69},[55,117515,817],{"class":130},[55,117517,83],{"class":69},[55,117519,976],{"class":130},[55,117521,83],{"class":69},[55,117523,5954],{"class":130},[55,117525,83],{"class":69},[55,117527,5090],{"class":130},[55,117529,386],{"class":69},[14,117531,13359],{},[21,117533,117534,117539],{},[24,117535,117536,117538],{},[52,117537,117470],{}," is a new sorted list",[24,117540,117541,112075],{},[52,117542,275],{},[14,117544,117545,117546,198],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[194,117547,77967],{"href":77966},[37,117549,117551],{"id":117550},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[14,117553,117554,117556],{},[52,117555,74015],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[1425,117558,117559],{"id":7688},"List",[45,117561,117563],{"className":47,"code":117562,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[52,117564,117565,117585],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117566,117567,117569,117571,117573,117575,117577,117579,117581,117583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117568,243],{"class":61},[55,117570,66],{"class":65},[55,117572,3211],{"class":69},[55,117574,609],{"class":130},[55,117576,83],{"class":69},[55,117578,5090],{"class":130},[55,117580,83],{"class":69},[55,117582,976],{"class":130},[55,117584,386],{"class":69},[55,117586,117587,117589,117591,117593,117595,117597],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117588,117],{"class":116},[55,117590,120],{"class":69},[55,117592,74105],{"class":116},[55,117594,120],{"class":69},[55,117596,275],{"class":123},[55,117598,1357],{"class":69},[14,117600,314],{},[45,117602,117603],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,117604,117605],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117606,117607,117609,117611,117613,117615,117617,117619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117608,127],{"class":69},[55,117610,152],{"class":130},[55,117612,83],{"class":69},[55,117614,976],{"class":130},[55,117616,83],{"class":69},[55,117618,2036],{"class":130},[55,117620,386],{"class":69},[1425,117622,117623],{"id":48551},"Tuple",[45,117625,117627],{"className":47,"code":117626,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[52,117628,117629,117649,117663],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117630,117631,117633,117635,117637,117639,117641,117643,117645,117647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117632,3413],{"class":61},[55,117634,66],{"class":65},[55,117636,70],{"class":69},[55,117638,609],{"class":130},[55,117640,83],{"class":69},[55,117642,5090],{"class":130},[55,117644,83],{"class":69},[55,117646,976],{"class":130},[55,117648,103],{"class":69},[55,117650,117651,117653,117655,117657,117659,117661],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117652,117],{"class":116},[55,117654,120],{"class":69},[55,117656,74105],{"class":116},[55,117658,120],{"class":69},[55,117660,4951],{"class":123},[55,117662,1357],{"class":69},[55,117664,117665,117667,117669,117671,117673,117675,117677,117679],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,117666,117],{"class":116},[55,117668,120],{"class":69},[55,117670,1396],{"class":850},[55,117672,120],{"class":69},[55,117674,74105],{"class":116},[55,117676,120],{"class":69},[55,117678,4951],{"class":123},[55,117680,2499],{"class":69},[14,117682,314],{},[45,117684,117686],{"className":47,"code":117685,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[52,117687,117688,117704],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117689,117690,117692,117694,117696,117698,117700,117702],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117691,127],{"class":69},[55,117693,152],{"class":130},[55,117695,83],{"class":69},[55,117697,976],{"class":130},[55,117699,83],{"class":69},[55,117701,2036],{"class":130},[55,117703,386],{"class":69},[55,117705,117706,117708,117710,117712,117714,117716],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117707,2878],{"class":65},[55,117709,2881],{"class":1648},[55,117711,2884],{"class":73},[55,117713,7688],{"class":77},[55,117715,2889],{"class":73},[55,117717,2892],{"class":65},[1425,117719,117720],{"id":5881},"Set",[45,117722,117724],{"className":47,"code":117723,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[52,117725,117726,117746],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117727,117728,117730,117732,117734,117736,117738,117740,117742,117744],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117729,3413],{"class":61},[55,117731,66],{"class":65},[55,117733,10088],{"class":69},[55,117735,609],{"class":130},[55,117737,83],{"class":69},[55,117739,5090],{"class":130},[55,117741,83],{"class":69},[55,117743,976],{"class":130},[55,117745,8906],{"class":69},[55,117747,117748,117750,117752,117754,117756,117758],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117749,117],{"class":116},[55,117751,120],{"class":69},[55,117753,74105],{"class":116},[55,117755,120],{"class":69},[55,117757,4951],{"class":123},[55,117759,1357],{"class":69},[14,117761,314],{},[45,117763,117764],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,117765,117766],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117767,117768,117770,117772,117774,117776,117778,117780],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117769,127],{"class":69},[55,117771,152],{"class":130},[55,117773,83],{"class":69},[55,117775,976],{"class":130},[55,117777,83],{"class":69},[55,117779,2036],{"class":130},[55,117781,386],{"class":69},[1425,117783,117784],{"id":60770},"String",[45,117786,117788],{"className":47,"code":117787,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[52,117789,117790,117802],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117791,117792,117794,117796,117798,117800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117793,34287],{"class":61},[55,117795,66],{"class":65},[55,117797,86],{"class":73},[55,117799,49],{"class":77},[55,117801,1288],{"class":73},[55,117803,117804,117806,117808,117810,117812,117814],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117805,117],{"class":116},[55,117807,120],{"class":69},[55,117809,74105],{"class":116},[55,117811,120],{"class":69},[55,117813,34308],{"class":123},[55,117815,1357],{"class":69},[14,117817,314],{},[45,117819,117820],{"className":47,"code":78984,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,117821,117822],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117823,117824,117826,117828,117830,117832,117834,117836,117838,117840,117842,117844,117846,117848,117850,117852,117854,117856,117858,117860,117862,117864,117866,117868,117870,117872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117825,127],{"class":69},[55,117827,2889],{"class":73},[55,117829,60035],{"class":77},[55,117831,2889],{"class":73},[55,117833,83],{"class":69},[55,117835,2884],{"class":73},[55,117837,75621],{"class":77},[55,117839,2889],{"class":73},[55,117841,83],{"class":69},[55,117843,2884],{"class":73},[55,117845,60070],{"class":77},[55,117847,2889],{"class":73},[55,117849,83],{"class":69},[55,117851,2884],{"class":73},[55,117853,14],{"class":77},[55,117855,2889],{"class":73},[55,117857,83],{"class":69},[55,117859,2884],{"class":73},[55,117861,62882],{"class":77},[55,117863,2889],{"class":73},[55,117865,83],{"class":69},[55,117867,2884],{"class":73},[55,117869,11344],{"class":77},[55,117871,2889],{"class":73},[55,117873,386],{"class":69},[1425,117875,28820],{"id":15202},[14,117877,63135,117878,117880],{},[52,117879,74015],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[45,117882,117884],{"className":47,"code":117883,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[52,117885,117886,117938],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117887,117888,117890,117892,117894,117896,117898,117900,117902,117904,117906,117908,117910,117912,117914,117916,117918,117920,117922,117924,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934,117936],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117889,12802],{"class":61},[55,117891,66],{"class":65},[55,117893,10088],{"class":69},[55,117895,74],{"class":73},[55,117897,7263],{"class":77},[55,117899,74],{"class":73},[55,117901,854],{"class":69},[55,117903,86],{"class":73},[55,117905,645],{"class":77},[55,117907,74],{"class":73},[55,117909,83],{"class":69},[55,117911,86],{"class":73},[55,117913,8896],{"class":77},[55,117915,74],{"class":73},[55,117917,854],{"class":69},[55,117919,255],{"class":130},[55,117921,83],{"class":69},[55,117923,86],{"class":73},[55,117925,10006],{"class":77},[55,117927,74],{"class":73},[55,117929,854],{"class":69},[55,117931,86],{"class":73},[55,117933,15628],{"class":77},[55,117935,74],{"class":73},[55,117937,8906],{"class":69},[55,117939,117940,117942,117944,117946,117948,117950],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,117941,117],{"class":116},[55,117943,120],{"class":69},[55,117945,74105],{"class":116},[55,117947,120],{"class":69},[55,117949,16905],{"class":123},[55,117951,1357],{"class":69},[14,117953,314],{},[45,117955,117957],{"className":47,"code":117956,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[52,117958,117959],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,117960,117961,117963,117965,117967,117969,117971,117973,117975,117977,117979,117981,117983,117985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,117962,127],{"class":69},[55,117964,2889],{"class":73},[55,117966,8896],{"class":77},[55,117968,2889],{"class":73},[55,117970,83],{"class":69},[55,117972,2884],{"class":73},[55,117974,10006],{"class":77},[55,117976,2889],{"class":73},[55,117978,83],{"class":69},[55,117980,2884],{"class":73},[55,117982,7263],{"class":77},[55,117984,2889],{"class":73},[55,117986,386],{"class":69},[37,117988,8012,117990],{"id":117989},"using-reversetrue",[52,117991,77681],{},[14,117993,1440,117994,117996],{},[52,117995,77681],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[45,117998,118000],{"className":47,"code":117999,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[52,118001,118002,118022,118026,118040],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118003,118004,118006,118008,118010,118012,118014,118016,118018,118020],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118005,243],{"class":61},[55,118007,66],{"class":65},[55,118009,3211],{"class":69},[55,118011,609],{"class":130},[55,118013,83],{"class":69},[55,118015,5090],{"class":130},[55,118017,83],{"class":69},[55,118019,976],{"class":130},[55,118021,386],{"class":69},[55,118023,118024],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118025,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,118027,118028,118030,118032,118034,118036,118038],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,118029,117],{"class":116},[55,118031,120],{"class":69},[55,118033,74105],{"class":116},[55,118035,120],{"class":69},[55,118037,275],{"class":123},[55,118039,1357],{"class":69},[55,118041,118042,118044,118046,118048,118050,118052,118054,118056,118058,118060],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,118043,117],{"class":116},[55,118045,120],{"class":69},[55,118047,74105],{"class":116},[55,118049,120],{"class":69},[55,118051,275],{"class":123},[55,118053,83],{"class":69},[55,118055,77660],{"class":8773},[55,118057,66],{"class":65},[55,118059,3194],{"class":3443},[55,118061,1357],{"class":69},[14,118063,314],{},[45,118065,118067],{"className":47,"code":118066,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[52,118068,118069,118085],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118070,118071,118073,118075,118077,118079,118081,118083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118072,127],{"class":69},[55,118074,152],{"class":130},[55,118076,83],{"class":69},[55,118078,976],{"class":130},[55,118080,83],{"class":69},[55,118082,2036],{"class":130},[55,118084,386],{"class":69},[55,118086,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097,118099],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118088,127],{"class":69},[55,118090,609],{"class":130},[55,118092,83],{"class":69},[55,118094,976],{"class":130},[55,118096,83],{"class":69},[55,118098,5090],{"class":130},[55,118100,386],{"class":69},[14,118102,118103],{},"This also works with strings:",[45,118105,118107],{"className":47,"code":118106,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[52,118108,118109,118141,118145,118159],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118110,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125,118127,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118112,3661],{"class":61},[55,118114,66],{"class":65},[55,118116,3211],{"class":69},[55,118118,74],{"class":73},[55,118120,407],{"class":77},[55,118122,74],{"class":73},[55,118124,83],{"class":69},[55,118126,86],{"class":73},[55,118128,416],{"class":77},[55,118130,74],{"class":73},[55,118132,83],{"class":69},[55,118134,86],{"class":73},[55,118136,425],{"class":77},[55,118138,74],{"class":73},[55,118140,386],{"class":69},[55,118142,118143],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118144,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,118146,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,118148,117],{"class":116},[55,118150,120],{"class":69},[55,118152,74105],{"class":116},[55,118154,120],{"class":69},[55,118156,3702],{"class":123},[55,118158,1357],{"class":69},[55,118160,118161,118163,118165,118167,118169,118171,118173,118175,118177,118179],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,118162,117],{"class":116},[55,118164,120],{"class":69},[55,118166,74105],{"class":116},[55,118168,120],{"class":69},[55,118170,3702],{"class":123},[55,118172,83],{"class":69},[55,118174,77660],{"class":8773},[55,118176,66],{"class":65},[55,118178,3194],{"class":3443},[55,118180,1357],{"class":69},[14,118182,314],{},[45,118184,118185],{"className":47,"code":73749,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,118186,118187,118215],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118188,118189,118191,118193,118195,118197,118199,118201,118203,118205,118207,118209,118211,118213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118190,127],{"class":69},[55,118192,2889],{"class":73},[55,118194,407],{"class":77},[55,118196,2889],{"class":73},[55,118198,83],{"class":69},[55,118200,2884],{"class":73},[55,118202,416],{"class":77},[55,118204,2889],{"class":73},[55,118206,83],{"class":69},[55,118208,2884],{"class":73},[55,118210,425],{"class":77},[55,118212,2889],{"class":73},[55,118214,386],{"class":69},[55,118216,118217,118219,118221,118223,118225,118227,118229,118231,118233,118235,118237,118239,118241],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118218,127],{"class":69},[55,118220,2889],{"class":73},[55,118222,425],{"class":77},[55,118224,2889],{"class":73},[55,118226,83],{"class":69},[55,118228,2884],{"class":73},[55,118230,416],{"class":77},[55,118232,2889],{"class":73},[55,118234,83],{"class":69},[55,118236,2884],{"class":73},[55,118238,407],{"class":77},[55,118240,2889],{"class":73},[55,118242,386],{"class":69},[37,118244,8012,118246,118249],{"id":118245},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[52,118247,118248],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[14,118251,1563,118252,118254],{},[52,118253,118248],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[14,118256,118257],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[14,118259,118260],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[45,118262,118264],{"className":47,"code":118263,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[52,118265,118266,118306,118310,118332],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118267,118268,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278,118280,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292,118294,118296,118298,118300,118302,118304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118269,3661],{"class":61},[55,118271,66],{"class":65},[55,118273,3211],{"class":69},[55,118275,74],{"class":73},[55,118277,78334],{"class":77},[55,118279,74],{"class":73},[55,118281,83],{"class":69},[55,118283,86],{"class":73},[55,118285,37955],{"class":77},[55,118287,74],{"class":73},[55,118289,83],{"class":69},[55,118291,86],{"class":73},[55,118293,416],{"class":77},[55,118295,74],{"class":73},[55,118297,83],{"class":69},[55,118299,86],{"class":73},[55,118301,37938],{"class":77},[55,118303,74],{"class":73},[55,118305,386],{"class":69},[55,118307,118308],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118309,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,118311,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,118313,1814],{"class":61},[55,118315,66],{"class":65},[55,118317,74149],{"class":116},[55,118319,120],{"class":69},[55,118321,3702],{"class":123},[55,118323,83],{"class":69},[55,118325,21176],{"class":8773},[55,118327,66],{"class":65},[55,118329,940],{"class":116},[55,118331,103],{"class":69},[55,118333,118334,118336,118338,118340],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,118335,117],{"class":116},[55,118337,120],{"class":69},[55,118339,1849],{"class":123},[55,118341,103],{"class":69},[14,118343,314],{},[45,118345,118347],{"className":47,"code":118346,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[52,118348,118349],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118350,118351,118353,118355,118357,118359,118361,118363,118365,118367,118369,118371,118373,118375,118377,118379,118381,118383],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118352,127],{"class":69},[55,118354,2889],{"class":73},[55,118356,37955],{"class":77},[55,118358,2889],{"class":73},[55,118360,83],{"class":69},[55,118362,2884],{"class":73},[55,118364,78334],{"class":77},[55,118366,2889],{"class":73},[55,118368,83],{"class":69},[55,118370,2884],{"class":73},[55,118372,37938],{"class":77},[55,118374,2889],{"class":73},[55,118376,83],{"class":69},[55,118378,2884],{"class":73},[55,118380,416],{"class":77},[55,118382,2889],{"class":73},[55,118384,386],{"class":69},[14,118386,20367,118387,118389],{},[52,118388,940],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[14,118391,118392],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[45,118394,118396],{"className":47,"code":118395,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[52,118397,118398,118431,118435,118461],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118399,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414,118416,118418,118420,118422,118424,118427,118429],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118401,3661],{"class":61},[55,118403,66],{"class":65},[55,118405,3211],{"class":69},[55,118407,74],{"class":73},[55,118409,82953],{"class":77},[55,118411,74],{"class":73},[55,118413,83],{"class":69},[55,118415,86],{"class":73},[55,118417,407],{"class":77},[55,118419,74],{"class":73},[55,118421,83],{"class":69},[55,118423,86],{"class":73},[55,118425,118426],{"class":77},"Cherry",[55,118428,74],{"class":73},[55,118430,386],{"class":69},[55,118432,118433],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118434,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,118436,118437,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,118438,1814],{"class":61},[55,118440,66],{"class":65},[55,118442,74149],{"class":116},[55,118444,120],{"class":69},[55,118446,3702],{"class":123},[55,118448,83],{"class":69},[55,118450,21176],{"class":8773},[55,118452,66],{"class":65},[55,118454,3032],{"class":850},[55,118456,198],{"class":69},[55,118458,8236],{"class":24347},[55,118460,103],{"class":69},[55,118462,118463,118465,118467,118469],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,118464,117],{"class":116},[55,118466,120],{"class":69},[55,118468,1849],{"class":123},[55,118470,103],{"class":69},[14,118472,314],{},[45,118474,118476],{"className":47,"code":118475,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[52,118477,118478],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118479,118480,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498,118500,118502,118504],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118481,127],{"class":69},[55,118483,2889],{"class":73},[55,118485,407],{"class":77},[55,118487,2889],{"class":73},[55,118489,83],{"class":69},[55,118491,2884],{"class":73},[55,118493,82953],{"class":77},[55,118495,2889],{"class":73},[55,118497,83],{"class":69},[55,118499,2884],{"class":73},[55,118501,118426],{"class":77},[55,118503,2889],{"class":73},[55,118505,386],{"class":69},[14,118507,118508,118509,34930,118511,198],{},"You can learn more about ",[52,118510,889],{},[194,118512,3165,118513,3098],{"href":41955},[52,118514,889],{},[37,118516,118518,10183,118520],{"id":118517},"sorted-vs-listsort",[52,118519,74015],{},[52,118521,77457],{},[14,118523,118524],{},"The main difference is this:",[21,118526,118527,118532],{},[24,118528,118529,118531],{},[52,118530,74015],{}," returns a new list",[24,118533,118534,73553],{},[52,118535,77457],{},[14,118537,118538],{},"Also:",[21,118540,118541,118546],{},[24,118542,118543,118545],{},[52,118544,74015],{}," works with many iterables",[24,118547,118548,78890],{},[52,118549,77457],{},[14,118551,1440,118552,10199],{},[52,118553,74015],{},[21,118555,118556,118559],{},[24,118557,118558],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[24,118560,118561],{},"your data is not a list",[14,118563,118564,118565,198],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[194,118566,3165,118567,10183,118569,5376],{"href":78715},[52,118568,74015],{},[52,118570,77457],{},[37,118572,118574],{"id":118573},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[14,118576,118577,118578,198],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[52,118579,74015],{},[1425,118581,118583],{"id":118582},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[14,118585,118586,118587,854],{},"This can raise a ",[52,118588,2592],{},[45,118590,118592],{"className":47,"code":118591,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[52,118593,118594,118618],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118595,118596,118598,118600,118602,118604,118606,118608,118610,118612,118614,118616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118597,3413],{"class":61},[55,118599,66],{"class":65},[55,118601,3211],{"class":69},[55,118603,152],{"class":130},[55,118605,83],{"class":69},[55,118607,86],{"class":73},[55,118609,309],{"class":77},[55,118611,74],{"class":73},[55,118613,83],{"class":69},[55,118615,2036],{"class":130},[55,118617,386],{"class":69},[55,118619,118620,118622,118624,118626,118628,118630],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118621,117],{"class":116},[55,118623,120],{"class":69},[55,118625,74105],{"class":116},[55,118627,120],{"class":69},[55,118629,4951],{"class":123},[55,118631,1357],{"class":69},[14,118633,118634],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[1425,118636,118638,118639,1888],{"id":118637},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[52,118640,14438],{},[14,118642,118643],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[14,118645,233],{},[45,118647,118649],{"className":47,"code":118648,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[52,118650,118651,118671],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118652,118653,118655,118657,118659,118661,118663,118665,118667,118669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118654,243],{"class":61},[55,118656,66],{"class":65},[55,118658,3211],{"class":69},[55,118660,250],{"class":130},[55,118662,83],{"class":69},[55,118664,976],{"class":130},[55,118666,83],{"class":69},[55,118668,260],{"class":130},[55,118670,386],{"class":69},[55,118672,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118674,117],{"class":116},[55,118676,120],{"class":69},[55,118678,74105],{"class":116},[55,118680,120],{"class":69},[55,118682,275],{"class":123},[55,118684,83],{"class":69},[55,118686,21176],{"class":8773},[55,118688,66],{"class":65},[55,118690,940],{"class":116},[55,118692,1357],{"class":69},[14,118694,48108,118695,118697],{},[52,118696,889],{}," does not work on integers.",[1425,118699,118701],{"id":118700},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[14,118703,118704],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[45,118706,118708],{"className":47,"code":118707,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,118709,118710,118730,118740,118744],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118711,118712,118714,118716,118718,118720,118722,118724,118726,118728],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118713,243],{"class":61},[55,118715,66],{"class":65},[55,118717,3211],{"class":69},[55,118719,609],{"class":130},[55,118721,83],{"class":69},[55,118723,5090],{"class":130},[55,118725,83],{"class":69},[55,118727,976],{"class":130},[55,118729,386],{"class":69},[55,118731,118732,118734,118736,118738],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118733,74105],{"class":116},[55,118735,120],{"class":69},[55,118737,275],{"class":123},[55,118739,103],{"class":69},[55,118741,118742],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,118743,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,118745,118746,118748,118750,118752],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,118747,117],{"class":116},[55,118749,120],{"class":69},[55,118751,275],{"class":123},[55,118753,103],{"class":69},[14,118755,314],{},[45,118757,118759],{"className":47,"code":118758,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[52,118760,118761],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118762,118763,118765,118767,118769,118771,118773,118775],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118764,127],{"class":69},[55,118766,609],{"class":130},[55,118768,83],{"class":69},[55,118770,5090],{"class":130},[55,118772,83],{"class":69},[55,118774,976],{"class":130},[55,118776,386],{"class":69},[14,118778,118779],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[37,118781,1298],{"id":1297},[21,118783,118784,118788,118791,118796,118800],{},[24,118785,4170,118786,73553],{},[52,118787,74015],{},[24,118789,118790],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[24,118792,4296,118793,118795],{},[52,118794,74015],{}," always returns a list",[24,118797,8012,118798,22700],{},[52,118799,118248],{},[24,118801,29247,118802,118804,118805],{},[52,118803,63907],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[52,118806,74015],{},[14,118808,118809],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[45,118811,118813],{"className":47,"code":118812,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[52,118814,118815,118837,118863,118901],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,118816,118817,118819,118821,118823,118825,118827,118829,118831,118833,118835],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,118818,117],{"class":116},[55,118820,120],{"class":69},[55,118822,74105],{"class":116},[55,118824,2573],{"class":69},[55,118826,609],{"class":130},[55,118828,83],{"class":69},[55,118830,5090],{"class":130},[55,118832,83],{"class":69},[55,118834,976],{"class":130},[55,118836,2586],{"class":69},[55,118838,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,118840,117],{"class":116},[55,118842,120],{"class":69},[55,118844,1396],{"class":850},[55,118846,120],{"class":69},[55,118848,74105],{"class":116},[55,118850,5103],{"class":69},[55,118852,609],{"class":130},[55,118854,83],{"class":69},[55,118856,5090],{"class":130},[55,118858,83],{"class":69},[55,118860,976],{"class":130},[55,118862,92957],{"class":69},[55,118864,118865,118867,118869,118871,118873,118875,118877,118879,118881,118883,118885,118887,118889,118891,118893,118895,118897,118899],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,118866,117],{"class":116},[55,118868,120],{"class":69},[55,118870,74105],{"class":116},[55,118872,2573],{"class":69},[55,118874,2889],{"class":73},[55,118876,82953],{"class":77},[55,118878,2889],{"class":73},[55,118880,83],{"class":69},[55,118882,2884],{"class":73},[55,118884,407],{"class":77},[55,118886,2889],{"class":73},[55,118888,17659],{"class":69},[55,118890,21176],{"class":8773},[55,118892,66],{"class":65},[55,118894,3032],{"class":850},[55,118896,198],{"class":69},[55,118898,8236],{"class":24347},[55,118900,1357],{"class":69},[55,118902,118903,118905,118907,118909,118911,118913,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,118904,117],{"class":116},[55,118906,120],{"class":69},[55,118908,74105],{"class":116},[55,118910,2573],{"class":69},[55,118912,609],{"class":130},[55,118914,83],{"class":69},[55,118916,5090],{"class":130},[55,118918,83],{"class":69},[55,118920,976],{"class":130},[55,118922,17659],{"class":69},[55,118924,77660],{"class":8773},[55,118926,66],{"class":65},[55,118928,3194],{"class":3443},[55,118930,1357],{"class":69},[14,118932,118933,118934,198],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[194,118935,52367],{"href":50575},[37,118937,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,118939,12304,118941,56760],{"id":118940},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[52,118942,74015],{},[14,118944,118945],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1425,118947,4733,118949,12316],{"id":118948},"what-does-sorted-return",[52,118950,74015],{},[14,118952,118953],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[1425,118955,118957,118958,1309,118960,2078],{"id":118956},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[52,118959,74015],{},[52,118961,77457],{},[14,118963,1440,118964,118966],{},[52,118965,74015],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[1425,118968,4733,118970,86041,118972,2078],{"id":118969},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[52,118971,118248],{},[52,118973,74015],{},[14,118975,118976],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[1425,118978,4749,118980,118982,118983,2078],{"id":118979},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[52,118981,74015],{}," give a ",[52,118984,2592],{},[14,118986,118987],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[37,118989,1495],{"id":1494},[21,118991,118992,118996,119004,119008,119014,119020],{},[24,118993,118994],{},[194,118995,79463],{"href":77966},[24,118997,118998],{},[194,118999,3165,119000,10183,119002,5376],{"href":78715},[52,119001,74015],{},[52,119003,77457],{},[24,119005,119006],{},[194,119007,52367],{"href":50575},[24,119009,119010],{},[194,119011,3165,119012,3098],{"href":41955},[52,119013,889],{},[24,119015,119016],{},[194,119017,3165,119018,3098],{"href":91613},[52,119019,35350],{},[24,119021,119022],{},[194,119023,3165,119024,3098],{"href":35792},[52,119025,35795],{},[1524,119027,119028],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":119030},[119031,119032,119034,119037,119038,119045,119047,119049,119051,119057,119058,119070],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":117311,"depth":106,"text":119033},"What sorted() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":119035},[119036],{"id":16992,"depth":113,"text":16993},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":117550,"depth":106,"text":117551,"children":119039},[119040,119041,119042,119043,119044],{"id":7688,"depth":113,"text":117559},{"id":48551,"depth":113,"text":117623},{"id":5881,"depth":113,"text":117720},{"id":60770,"depth":113,"text":117784},{"id":15202,"depth":113,"text":28820},{"id":117989,"depth":106,"text":119046},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118245,"depth":106,"text":119048},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118517,"depth":106,"text":119050},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118573,"depth":106,"text":118574,"children":119052},[119053,119054,119056],{"id":118582,"depth":113,"text":118583},{"id":118637,"depth":113,"text":119055},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118700,"depth":113,"text":118701},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":119059},[119060,119062,119064,119066,119068],{"id":118940,"depth":113,"text":119061},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118948,"depth":113,"text":119063},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118956,"depth":113,"text":119065},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118969,"depth":113,"text":119067},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118979,"depth":113,"text":119069},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117213,"description":119071},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119078,"title":119079,"body":119080,"description":121191,"extension":1546,"meta":121192,"navigation":109,"path":78715,"seo":121193,"stem":121194,"__hash__":121195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119081,"toc":121138},[119082,119089,119092,119102,119108,119111,119129,119137,119139,119198,119206,119210,119232,119236,119240,119242,119259,119261,119273,119279,119363,119367,119414,119420,119427,119431,119436,119438,119450,119455,119508,119512,119532,119539,119546,119550,119553,119572,119576,119690,119694,119764,119766,119778,119783,119787,119800,119804,119879,119883,119922,119929,119935,119940,119944,119958,119962,120027,120031,120064,120067,120072,120080,120087,120100,120103,120107,120190,120194,120231,120235,120338,120342,120403,120408,120415,120419,120422,120428,120431,120498,120502,120526,120528,120546,120553,120606,120610,120630,120636,120638,120695,120702,120728,120733,120738,120746,120752,120812,120816,120863,120866,120868,120871,120897,120900,120993,120995,121015,121019,121022,121040,121046,121048,121056,121061,121068,121071,121077,121080,121086,121094,121102,121107,121109,121135],[10,119083,3165,119085,10183,119087,92671],{"id":119084},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[52,119086,74015],{},[52,119088,77457],{},[14,119090,119091],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[21,119093,119094,119098],{},[24,119095,119096],{},[52,119097,74015],{},[24,119099,119100],{},[52,119101,77457],{},[14,119103,119104,119105,119107],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3332,119106,4222],{}," behave the same way.",[14,119109,119110],{},"The main difference is simple:",[21,119112,119113,119121],{},[24,119114,1440,119115,119117,119118],{},[52,119116,74015],{}," when you want a ",[3332,119119,119120],{},"new sorted result",[24,119122,1440,119123,119125,119126],{},[52,119124,77457],{}," when you want to ",[3332,119127,119128],{},"change the original list",[14,119130,119131,119132,1981,119134,119136],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[52,119133,77457],{},[52,119135,3368],{}," and causes confusion.",[37,119138,40],{"id":39},[45,119140,119142],{"className":47,"code":119141,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[52,119143,119144,119164,119168,119185],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119145,119146,119148,119150,119152,119154,119156,119158,119160,119162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119147,243],{"class":61},[55,119149,66],{"class":65},[55,119151,3211],{"class":69},[55,119153,609],{"class":130},[55,119155,83],{"class":69},[55,119157,5090],{"class":130},[55,119159,83],{"class":69},[55,119161,976],{"class":130},[55,119163,386],{"class":69},[55,119165,119166],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119167,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119169,119170,119172,119174,119176,119178,119180,119182],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,119171,55486],{"class":61},[55,119173,66],{"class":65},[55,119175,74149],{"class":116},[55,119177,120],{"class":69},[55,119179,275],{"class":123},[55,119181,970],{"class":69},[55,119183,119184],{"class":137},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[55,119186,119187,119189,119191,119193,119195],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,119188,275],{"class":61},[55,119190,198],{"class":69},[55,119192,34399],{"class":123},[55,119194,6960],{"class":69},[55,119196,119197],{"class":137},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[14,119199,1440,119200,119202,119203,119205],{},[52,119201,74015],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[52,119204,77457],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[37,119207,119209],{"id":119208},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[21,119211,119212,119217,119222,119229],{},[24,119213,1440,119214,119216],{},[52,119215,74015],{}," to get a new sorted list",[24,119218,1440,119219,119221],{},[52,119220,77457],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[24,119223,119224,119225,1981,119227],{},"Understand why ",[52,119226,77457],{},[52,119228,3368],{},[24,119230,119231],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[37,119233,3265,119234,3268],{"id":117311},[52,119235,74015],{},[14,119237,119238,62521],{},[52,119239,74015],{},[14,119241,48525],{},[21,119243,119244,119250,119256],{},[24,119245,119246,119247],{},"returns a ",[3332,119248,119249],{},"new list",[24,119251,119252,119253,119255],{},"does ",[3332,119254,4222],{}," change the original data",[24,119257,119258],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[14,119260,50729],{},[21,119262,119263,119265,119267,119269,119271],{},[24,119264,4892],{},[24,119266,4895],{},[24,119268,4901],{},[24,119270,4898],{},[24,119272,35510],{},[1425,119274,34678,119276,119278],{"id":119275},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[52,119277,74015],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[45,119280,119282],{"className":47,"code":119281,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[52,119283,119284,119304,119308,119322,119326,119344],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119285,119286,119288,119290,119292,119294,119296,119298,119300,119302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119287,243],{"class":61},[55,119289,66],{"class":65},[55,119291,3211],{"class":69},[55,119293,609],{"class":130},[55,119295,83],{"class":69},[55,119297,5090],{"class":130},[55,119299,83],{"class":69},[55,119301,976],{"class":130},[55,119303,386],{"class":69},[55,119305,119306],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119307,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119309,119310,119312,119314,119316,119318,119320],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,119311,1814],{"class":61},[55,119313,66],{"class":65},[55,119315,74149],{"class":116},[55,119317,120],{"class":69},[55,119319,275],{"class":123},[55,119321,103],{"class":69},[55,119323,119324],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,119325,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119327,119328,119330,119332,119334,119336,119338,119340,119342],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,119329,117],{"class":116},[55,119331,120],{"class":69},[55,119333,74],{"class":73},[55,119335,11753],{"class":77},[55,119337,74],{"class":73},[55,119339,83],{"class":69},[55,119341,3852],{"class":123},[55,119343,103],{"class":69},[55,119345,119346,119348,119350,119352,119355,119357,119359,119361],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,119347,117],{"class":116},[55,119349,120],{"class":69},[55,119351,74],{"class":73},[55,119353,119354],{"class":77},"sorted result:",[55,119356,74],{"class":73},[55,119358,83],{"class":69},[55,119360,80807],{"class":123},[55,119362,103],{"class":69},[14,119364,119365],{},[3332,119366,314],{},[45,119368,119370],{"className":47,"code":119369,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,119371,119372,119392],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119373,119374,119376,119378,119380,119382,119384,119386,119388,119390],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119375,11732],{"class":61},[55,119377,854],{"class":69},[55,119379,3211],{"class":69},[55,119381,609],{"class":130},[55,119383,83],{"class":69},[55,119385,5090],{"class":130},[55,119387,83],{"class":69},[55,119389,976],{"class":130},[55,119391,386],{"class":69},[55,119393,119394,119396,119398,119400,119402,119404,119406,119408,119410,119412],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119395,74105],{"class":116},[55,119397,80807],{"class":61},[55,119399,854],{"class":69},[55,119401,3211],{"class":69},[55,119403,152],{"class":130},[55,119405,83],{"class":69},[55,119407,976],{"class":130},[55,119409,83],{"class":69},[55,119411,2036],{"class":130},[55,119413,386],{"class":69},[14,119415,119416,119417,119419],{},"The important part is that ",[52,119418,275],{}," stays the same.",[14,119421,119422,119423,198],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[194,119424,3165,119425,3098],{"href":74112},[52,119426,74015],{},[37,119428,3265,119429,3268],{"id":77523},[52,119430,77457],{},[14,119432,119433,119435],{},[52,119434,63907],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[14,119437,48525],{},[21,119439,119440,119443,119446],{},[24,119441,119442],{},"changes the original list directly",[24,119444,119445],{},"only works on lists",[24,119447,3280,119448],{},[52,119449,3368],{},[1425,119451,34678,119453,73553],{"id":119452},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[52,119454,77457],{},[45,119456,119458],{"className":47,"code":119457,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,119459,119460,119480,119484,119494,119498],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119461,119462,119464,119466,119468,119470,119472,119474,119476,119478],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119463,243],{"class":61},[55,119465,66],{"class":65},[55,119467,3211],{"class":69},[55,119469,609],{"class":130},[55,119471,83],{"class":69},[55,119473,5090],{"class":130},[55,119475,83],{"class":69},[55,119477,976],{"class":130},[55,119479,386],{"class":69},[55,119481,119482],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119483,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119485,119486,119488,119490,119492],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,119487,275],{"class":61},[55,119489,198],{"class":69},[55,119491,34399],{"class":123},[55,119493,8239],{"class":69},[55,119495,119496],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,119497,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119499,119500,119502,119504,119506],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,119501,117],{"class":116},[55,119503,120],{"class":69},[55,119505,275],{"class":123},[55,119507,103],{"class":69},[14,119509,119510],{},[3332,119511,314],{},[45,119513,119514],{"className":47,"code":54746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,119515,119516],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119517,119518,119520,119522,119524,119526,119528,119530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119519,127],{"class":69},[55,119521,152],{"class":130},[55,119523,83],{"class":69},[55,119525,976],{"class":130},[55,119527,83],{"class":69},[55,119529,2036],{"class":130},[55,119531,386],{"class":69},[14,119533,119534,119535,119538],{},"After calling ",[52,119536,119537],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[14,119540,119541,119542,198],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[194,119543,3165,119544,10339],{"href":74366},[52,119545,77457],{},[37,119547,119549],{"id":119548},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[14,119551,119552],{},"Here is the core difference:",[21,119554,119555,119564],{},[24,119556,119557,119560,119561],{},[52,119558,119559],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3332,119562,119563],{},"new sorted list",[24,119565,119566,119569,119570,73923],{},[52,119567,119568],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[52,119571,7934],{},[1425,119573,119575],{"id":119574},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[45,119577,119579],{"className":47,"code":119578,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[52,119580,119581,119601,119605,119619,119638,119657,119661,119671],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119582,119583,119585,119587,119589,119591,119593,119595,119597,119599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119584,243],{"class":61},[55,119586,66],{"class":65},[55,119588,3211],{"class":69},[55,119590,817],{"class":130},[55,119592,83],{"class":69},[55,119594,976],{"class":130},[55,119596,83],{"class":69},[55,119598,2042],{"class":130},[55,119600,386],{"class":69},[55,119602,119603],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119604,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119606,119607,119609,119611,119613,119615,119617],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,119608,2141],{"class":61},[55,119610,66],{"class":65},[55,119612,74149],{"class":116},[55,119614,120],{"class":69},[55,119616,275],{"class":123},[55,119618,103],{"class":69},[55,119620,119621,119623,119625,119627,119630,119632,119634,119636],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,119622,117],{"class":116},[55,119624,120],{"class":69},[55,119626,74],{"class":73},[55,119628,119629],{"class":77},"numbers after sorted():",[55,119631,74],{"class":73},[55,119633,83],{"class":69},[55,119635,3852],{"class":123},[55,119637,103],{"class":69},[55,119639,119640,119642,119644,119646,119649,119651,119653,119655],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,119641,117],{"class":116},[55,119643,120],{"class":69},[55,119645,74],{"class":73},[55,119647,119648],{"class":77},"a:",[55,119650,74],{"class":73},[55,119652,83],{"class":69},[55,119654,56484],{"class":123},[55,119656,103],{"class":69},[55,119658,119659],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,119660,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119662,119663,119665,119667,119669],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,119664,275],{"class":61},[55,119666,198],{"class":69},[55,119668,34399],{"class":123},[55,119670,8239],{"class":69},[55,119672,119673,119675,119677,119679,119682,119684,119686,119688],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,119674,117],{"class":116},[55,119676,120],{"class":69},[55,119678,74],{"class":73},[55,119680,119681],{"class":77},"numbers after sort():",[55,119683,74],{"class":73},[55,119685,83],{"class":69},[55,119687,3852],{"class":123},[55,119689,103],{"class":69},[14,119691,119692],{},[3332,119693,314],{},[45,119695,119697],{"className":47,"code":119696,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[52,119698,119699,119722,119742],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119700,119701,119704,119706,119708,119710,119712,119714,119716,119718,119720],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119702,119703],{"class":61},"numbers after ",[55,119705,74105],{"class":116},[55,119707,29181],{"class":69},[55,119709,3211],{"class":69},[55,119711,817],{"class":130},[55,119713,83],{"class":69},[55,119715,976],{"class":130},[55,119717,83],{"class":69},[55,119719,2042],{"class":130},[55,119721,386],{"class":69},[55,119723,119724,119726,119728,119730,119732,119734,119736,119738,119740],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119725,194],{"class":61},[55,119727,854],{"class":69},[55,119729,3211],{"class":69},[55,119731,309],{"class":130},[55,119733,83],{"class":69},[55,119735,2042],{"class":130},[55,119737,83],{"class":69},[55,119739,4196],{"class":130},[55,119741,386],{"class":69},[55,119743,119744,119746,119748,119750,119752,119754,119756,119758,119760,119762],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,119745,119703],{"class":61},[55,119747,34399],{"class":123},[55,119749,29181],{"class":69},[55,119751,3211],{"class":69},[55,119753,309],{"class":130},[55,119755,83],{"class":69},[55,119757,2042],{"class":130},[55,119759,83],{"class":69},[55,119761,4196],{"class":130},[55,119763,386],{"class":69},[14,119765,10311],{},[21,119767,119768,119773],{},[24,119769,119770,119772],{},[52,119771,74015],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[24,119774,119775,119777],{},[52,119776,63907],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[37,119779,4553,119781],{"id":119780},"when-to-use-sorted",[52,119782,74015],{},[14,119784,1440,119785,10199],{},[52,119786,74015],{},[21,119788,119789,119792,119794,119797],{},[24,119790,119791],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[24,119793,118561],{},[24,119795,119796],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[24,119798,119799],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[1425,119801,119803],{"id":119802},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[45,119805,119807],{"className":47,"code":119806,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,119808,119809,119833,119837,119851,119855,119865],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119810,119811,119813,119815,119817,119819,119821,119823,119825,119827,119829,119831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119812,243],{"class":61},[55,119814,66],{"class":65},[55,119816,70],{"class":69},[55,119818,2091],{"class":130},[55,119820,83],{"class":69},[55,119822,5090],{"class":130},[55,119824,83],{"class":69},[55,119826,2036],{"class":130},[55,119828,83],{"class":69},[55,119830,976],{"class":130},[55,119832,103],{"class":69},[55,119834,119835],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119836,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119838,119839,119841,119843,119845,119847,119849],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,119840,1814],{"class":61},[55,119842,66],{"class":65},[55,119844,74149],{"class":116},[55,119846,120],{"class":69},[55,119848,275],{"class":123},[55,119850,103],{"class":69},[55,119852,119853],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,119854,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,119856,119857,119859,119861,119863],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,119858,117],{"class":116},[55,119860,120],{"class":69},[55,119862,1849],{"class":123},[55,119864,103],{"class":69},[55,119866,119867,119869,119871,119873,119875,119877],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,119868,117],{"class":116},[55,119870,120],{"class":69},[55,119872,1396],{"class":850},[55,119874,120],{"class":69},[55,119876,1849],{"class":123},[55,119878,1357],{"class":69},[14,119880,119881],{},[3332,119882,314],{},[45,119884,119886],{"className":47,"code":119885,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[52,119887,119888,119908],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119889,119890,119892,119894,119896,119898,119900,119902,119904,119906],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119891,127],{"class":69},[55,119893,152],{"class":130},[55,119895,83],{"class":69},[55,119897,976],{"class":130},[55,119899,83],{"class":69},[55,119901,2036],{"class":130},[55,119903,83],{"class":69},[55,119905,2042],{"class":130},[55,119907,386],{"class":69},[55,119909,119910,119912,119914,119916,119918,119920],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,119911,2878],{"class":65},[55,119913,2881],{"class":1648},[55,119915,2884],{"class":73},[55,119917,7688],{"class":77},[55,119919,2889],{"class":73},[55,119921,2892],{"class":65},[14,119923,1871,119924,119926,119927,198],{},[52,119925,74015],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3332,119928,7688],{},[14,119930,119931,119932,119934],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[194,119933,52367],{"href":50575}," is a helpful next step.",[37,119936,4553,119938],{"id":119937},"when-to-use-listsort",[52,119939,77457],{},[14,119941,1440,119942,10199],{},[52,119943,77457],{},[21,119945,119946,119949,119952,119955],{},[24,119947,119948],{},"you already have a list",[24,119950,119951],{},"you want to update that list directly",[24,119953,119954],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[24,119956,119957],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[1425,119959,119961],{"id":119960},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[45,119963,119965],{"className":47,"code":119964,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[52,119966,119967,119999,120003,120013,120017],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,119968,119969,119971,119973,119975,119977,119979,119981,119983,119985,119987,119989,119991,119993,119995,119997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,119970,636],{"class":61},[55,119972,66],{"class":65},[55,119974,3211],{"class":69},[55,119976,74],{"class":73},[55,119978,4613],{"class":77},[55,119980,74],{"class":73},[55,119982,83],{"class":69},[55,119984,86],{"class":73},[55,119986,4595],{"class":77},[55,119988,74],{"class":73},[55,119990,83],{"class":69},[55,119992,86],{"class":73},[55,119994,4604],{"class":77},[55,119996,74],{"class":73},[55,119998,386],{"class":69},[55,120000,120001],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120002,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120004,120005,120007,120009,120011],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120006,680],{"class":61},[55,120008,198],{"class":69},[55,120010,34399],{"class":123},[55,120012,8239],{"class":69},[55,120014,120015],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120016,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120018,120019,120021,120023,120025],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120020,117],{"class":116},[55,120022,120],{"class":69},[55,120024,680],{"class":123},[55,120026,103],{"class":69},[14,120028,120029],{},[3332,120030,314],{},[45,120032,120034],{"className":47,"code":120033,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[52,120035,120036],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120037,120038,120040,120042,120044,120046,120048,120050,120052,120054,120056,120058,120060,120062],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120039,127],{"class":69},[55,120041,2889],{"class":73},[55,120043,4595],{"class":77},[55,120045,2889],{"class":73},[55,120047,83],{"class":69},[55,120049,2884],{"class":73},[55,120051,4604],{"class":77},[55,120053,2889],{"class":73},[55,120055,83],{"class":69},[55,120057,2884],{"class":73},[55,120059,4613],{"class":77},[55,120061,2889],{"class":73},[55,120063,386],{"class":69},[14,120065,120066],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[14,120068,120069,120070,198],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[194,120071,79463],{"href":77966},[37,120073,120075,3983,120077,120079],{"id":120074},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[52,120076,73168],{},[52,120078,14438],{}," work with both",[14,120081,10188,120082,3983,120084,120086],{},[52,120083,74015],{},[52,120085,77457],{}," support:",[21,120088,120089,120094],{},[24,120090,120091,120093],{},[52,120092,77681],{}," for descending order",[24,120095,120096,120099],{},[52,120097,120098],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[14,120101,120102],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[1425,120104,120106],{"id":120105},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[45,120108,120110],{"className":47,"code":120109,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,120111,120112,120132,120136,120158,120162,120180],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120113,120114,120116,120118,120120,120122,120124,120126,120128,120130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120115,243],{"class":61},[55,120117,66],{"class":65},[55,120119,3211],{"class":69},[55,120121,609],{"class":130},[55,120123,83],{"class":69},[55,120125,5090],{"class":130},[55,120127,83],{"class":69},[55,120129,976],{"class":130},[55,120131,386],{"class":69},[55,120133,120134],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120135,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120137,120138,120140,120142,120144,120146,120148,120150,120152,120154,120156],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120139,117],{"class":116},[55,120141,120],{"class":69},[55,120143,74105],{"class":116},[55,120145,120],{"class":69},[55,120147,275],{"class":123},[55,120149,83],{"class":69},[55,120151,77660],{"class":8773},[55,120153,66],{"class":65},[55,120155,3194],{"class":3443},[55,120157,1357],{"class":69},[55,120159,120160],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120161,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120163,120164,120166,120168,120170,120172,120174,120176,120178],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120165,275],{"class":61},[55,120167,198],{"class":69},[55,120169,34399],{"class":123},[55,120171,120],{"class":69},[55,120173,73168],{"class":8773},[55,120175,66],{"class":65},[55,120177,3194],{"class":3443},[55,120179,103],{"class":69},[55,120181,120182,120184,120186,120188],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,120183,117],{"class":116},[55,120185,120],{"class":69},[55,120187,275],{"class":123},[55,120189,103],{"class":69},[14,120191,120192],{},[3332,120193,314],{},[45,120195,120197],{"className":47,"code":120196,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[52,120198,120199,120215],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120200,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120202,127],{"class":69},[55,120204,609],{"class":130},[55,120206,83],{"class":69},[55,120208,976],{"class":130},[55,120210,83],{"class":69},[55,120212,5090],{"class":130},[55,120214,386],{"class":69},[55,120216,120217,120219,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120218,127],{"class":69},[55,120220,609],{"class":130},[55,120222,83],{"class":69},[55,120224,976],{"class":130},[55,120226,83],{"class":69},[55,120228,5090],{"class":130},[55,120230,386],{"class":69},[1425,120232,120234],{"id":120233},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[45,120236,120238],{"className":47,"code":120237,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[52,120239,120240,120272,120276,120302,120306,120328],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120241,120242,120244,120246,120248,120250,120252,120254,120256,120258,120260,120262,120264,120266,120268,120270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120243,3661],{"class":61},[55,120245,66],{"class":65},[55,120247,3211],{"class":69},[55,120249,74],{"class":73},[55,120251,82953],{"class":77},[55,120253,74],{"class":73},[55,120255,83],{"class":69},[55,120257,86],{"class":73},[55,120259,407],{"class":77},[55,120261,74],{"class":73},[55,120263,83],{"class":69},[55,120265,86],{"class":73},[55,120267,118426],{"class":77},[55,120269,74],{"class":73},[55,120271,386],{"class":69},[55,120273,120274],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120275,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120277,120278,120280,120282,120284,120286,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120279,117],{"class":116},[55,120281,120],{"class":69},[55,120283,74105],{"class":116},[55,120285,120],{"class":69},[55,120287,3702],{"class":123},[55,120289,83],{"class":69},[55,120291,21176],{"class":8773},[55,120293,66],{"class":65},[55,120295,3032],{"class":850},[55,120297,198],{"class":69},[55,120299,8236],{"class":24347},[55,120301,1357],{"class":69},[55,120303,120304],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120305,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120307,120308,120310,120312,120314,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120309,3702],{"class":61},[55,120311,198],{"class":69},[55,120313,34399],{"class":123},[55,120315,120],{"class":69},[55,120317,14438],{"class":8773},[55,120319,66],{"class":65},[55,120321,3032],{"class":850},[55,120323,198],{"class":69},[55,120325,8236],{"class":24347},[55,120327,103],{"class":69},[55,120329,120330,120332,120334,120336],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,120331,117],{"class":116},[55,120333,120],{"class":69},[55,120335,3702],{"class":123},[55,120337,103],{"class":69},[14,120339,120340],{},[3332,120341,314],{},[45,120343,120345],{"className":47,"code":120344,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[52,120346,120347,120375],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120348,120349,120351,120353,120355,120357,120359,120361,120363,120365,120367,120369,120371,120373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120350,127],{"class":69},[55,120352,2889],{"class":73},[55,120354,407],{"class":77},[55,120356,2889],{"class":73},[55,120358,83],{"class":69},[55,120360,2884],{"class":73},[55,120362,82953],{"class":77},[55,120364,2889],{"class":73},[55,120366,83],{"class":69},[55,120368,2884],{"class":73},[55,120370,118426],{"class":77},[55,120372,2889],{"class":73},[55,120374,386],{"class":69},[55,120376,120377,120379,120381,120383,120385,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397,120399,120401],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120378,127],{"class":69},[55,120380,2889],{"class":73},[55,120382,407],{"class":77},[55,120384,2889],{"class":73},[55,120386,83],{"class":69},[55,120388,2884],{"class":73},[55,120390,82953],{"class":77},[55,120392,2889],{"class":73},[55,120394,83],{"class":69},[55,120396,2884],{"class":73},[55,120398,118426],{"class":77},[55,120400,2889],{"class":73},[55,120402,386],{"class":69},[14,120404,8012,120405,120407],{},[52,120406,78175],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[14,120409,120410,120411,198],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[194,120412,120414],{"href":120413},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[37,120416,120418],{"id":120417},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[14,120420,120421],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[1425,120423,120425,120426,12197],{"id":120424},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[52,120427,77457],{},[14,120429,120430],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[45,120432,120434],{"className":47,"code":120433,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,120435,120436,120456,120460,120474,120478,120488],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120437,120438,120440,120442,120444,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120439,243],{"class":61},[55,120441,66],{"class":65},[55,120443,3211],{"class":69},[55,120445,609],{"class":130},[55,120447,83],{"class":69},[55,120449,5090],{"class":130},[55,120451,83],{"class":69},[55,120453,976],{"class":130},[55,120455,386],{"class":69},[55,120457,120458],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120459,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120461,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120463,1814],{"class":61},[55,120465,66],{"class":65},[55,120467,3852],{"class":61},[55,120469,198],{"class":69},[55,120471,34399],{"class":123},[55,120473,8239],{"class":69},[55,120475,120476],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120477,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120479,120480,120482,120484,120486],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120481,117],{"class":116},[55,120483,120],{"class":69},[55,120485,1849],{"class":123},[55,120487,103],{"class":69},[55,120489,120490,120492,120494,120496],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,120491,117],{"class":116},[55,120493,120],{"class":69},[55,120495,275],{"class":123},[55,120497,103],{"class":69},[14,120499,120500],{},[3332,120501,314],{},[45,120503,120504],{"className":47,"code":78798,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,120505,120506,120510],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120507,120508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120509,11407],{"class":3443},[55,120511,120512,120514,120516,120518,120520,120522,120524],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120513,127],{"class":69},[55,120515,152],{"class":130},[55,120517,83],{"class":69},[55,120519,976],{"class":130},[55,120521,83],{"class":69},[55,120523,2036],{"class":130},[55,120525,386],{"class":69},[14,120527,11499],{},[21,120529,120530,120535,120540],{},[24,120531,120532,120534],{},[52,120533,119537],{}," sorts the list in place",[24,120536,34615,120537,120539],{},[3332,120538,4222],{}," return the sorted list",[24,120541,89577,120542,41752,120544],{},[52,120543,1849],{},[52,120545,3368],{},[1425,120547,120549,120550,120552],{"id":120548},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[52,120551,74015],{}," to change the original list",[45,120554,120556],{"className":47,"code":120555,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,120557,120558,120578,120582,120592,120596],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120559,120560,120562,120564,120566,120568,120570,120572,120574,120576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120561,243],{"class":61},[55,120563,66],{"class":65},[55,120565,3211],{"class":69},[55,120567,609],{"class":130},[55,120569,83],{"class":69},[55,120571,5090],{"class":130},[55,120573,83],{"class":69},[55,120575,976],{"class":130},[55,120577,386],{"class":69},[55,120579,120580],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120581,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120583,120584,120586,120588,120590],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120585,74105],{"class":116},[55,120587,120],{"class":69},[55,120589,275],{"class":123},[55,120591,103],{"class":69},[55,120593,120594],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120595,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120597,120598,120600,120602,120604],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120599,117],{"class":116},[55,120601,120],{"class":69},[55,120603,275],{"class":123},[55,120605,103],{"class":69},[14,120607,120608],{},[3332,120609,314],{},[45,120611,120612],{"className":47,"code":118758,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,120613,120614],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120615,120616,120618,120620,120622,120624,120626,120628],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120617,127],{"class":69},[55,120619,609],{"class":130},[55,120621,83],{"class":69},[55,120623,5090],{"class":130},[55,120625,83],{"class":69},[55,120627,976],{"class":130},[55,120629,386],{"class":69},[14,120631,120632,120635],{},[52,120633,120634],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[14,120637,10406],{},[45,120639,120641],{"className":47,"code":120640,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[52,120642,120643,120663,120667,120681,120685],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120644,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655,120657,120659,120661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120646,243],{"class":61},[55,120648,66],{"class":65},[55,120650,3211],{"class":69},[55,120652,609],{"class":130},[55,120654,83],{"class":69},[55,120656,5090],{"class":130},[55,120658,83],{"class":69},[55,120660,976],{"class":130},[55,120662,386],{"class":69},[55,120664,120665],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120666,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120668,120669,120671,120673,120675,120677,120679],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120670,55238],{"class":61},[55,120672,66],{"class":65},[55,120674,74149],{"class":116},[55,120676,120],{"class":69},[55,120678,275],{"class":123},[55,120680,103],{"class":69},[55,120682,120683],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120684,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120686,120687,120689,120691,120693],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120688,117],{"class":116},[55,120690,120],{"class":69},[55,120692,55257],{"class":123},[55,120694,103],{"class":69},[1425,120696,120698,120699,120701],{"id":120697},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[52,120700,63907],{}," on a tuple or string",[45,120703,120704],{"className":47,"code":78900,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,120705,120706,120718],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120707,120708,120710,120712,120714,120716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120709,34287],{"class":61},[55,120711,66],{"class":65},[55,120713,86],{"class":73},[55,120715,49],{"class":77},[55,120717,1288],{"class":73},[55,120719,120720,120722,120724,120726],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120721,34308],{"class":61},[55,120723,198],{"class":69},[55,120725,34399],{"class":123},[55,120727,8239],{"class":69},[14,120729,120730,120731,33200],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[52,120732,63907],{},[14,120734,120735,120737],{},[52,120736,63907],{}," only works on lists.",[14,120739,120740,120741,120743,120744,198],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[52,120742,74015],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[194,120745,4727],{"href":5179},[1425,120747,120749,120750,118795],{"id":120748},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[52,120751,74015],{},[45,120753,120755],{"className":47,"code":120754,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,120756,120757,120770,120784,120788,120798],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120758,120759,120761,120763,120765,120768],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120760,34287],{"class":61},[55,120762,66],{"class":65},[55,120764,86],{"class":73},[55,120766,120767],{"class":77},"cab",[55,120769,1288],{"class":73},[55,120771,120772,120774,120776,120778,120780,120782],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120773,1814],{"class":61},[55,120775,66],{"class":65},[55,120777,74149],{"class":116},[55,120779,120],{"class":69},[55,120781,34308],{"class":123},[55,120783,103],{"class":69},[55,120785,120786],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120787,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,120789,120790,120792,120794,120796],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120791,117],{"class":116},[55,120793,120],{"class":69},[55,120795,1849],{"class":123},[55,120797,103],{"class":69},[55,120799,120800,120802,120804,120806,120808,120810],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120801,117],{"class":116},[55,120803,120],{"class":69},[55,120805,1396],{"class":850},[55,120807,120],{"class":69},[55,120809,1849],{"class":123},[55,120811,1357],{"class":69},[14,120813,120814],{},[3332,120815,314],{},[45,120817,120819],{"className":47,"code":120818,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[52,120820,120821,120849],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120822,120823,120825,120827,120829,120831,120833,120835,120837,120839,120841,120843,120845,120847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120824,127],{"class":69},[55,120826,2889],{"class":73},[55,120828,194],{"class":77},[55,120830,2889],{"class":73},[55,120832,83],{"class":69},[55,120834,2884],{"class":73},[55,120836,786],{"class":77},[55,120838,2889],{"class":73},[55,120840,83],{"class":69},[55,120842,2884],{"class":73},[55,120844,795],{"class":77},[55,120846,2889],{"class":73},[55,120848,386],{"class":69},[55,120850,120851,120853,120855,120857,120859,120861],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120852,2878],{"class":65},[55,120854,2881],{"class":1648},[55,120856,2884],{"class":73},[55,120858,7688],{"class":77},[55,120860,2889],{"class":73},[55,120862,2892],{"class":65},[14,120864,120865],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[37,120867,113316],{"id":113315},[14,120869,120870],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[21,120872,120873,120876,120881,120886,120892],{},[24,120874,120875],{},"confusing a function with a method",[24,120877,120878,120879,53240],{},"not knowing that ",[52,120880,63907],{},[24,120882,120883,120884,12197],{},"assigning the result of ",[52,120885,77457],{},[24,120887,120888,120889,120891],{},"trying to use ",[52,120890,63907],{}," on non-list data types",[24,120893,50103,120894,120896],{},[52,120895,74015],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[14,120898,120899],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[45,120901,120903],{"className":47,"code":120902,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[52,120904,120905,120915,120929,120954,120969,120979],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,120906,120907,120909,120911,120913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,120908,117],{"class":116},[55,120910,120],{"class":69},[55,120912,7934],{"class":123},[55,120914,103],{"class":69},[55,120916,120917,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,120918,117],{"class":116},[55,120920,120],{"class":69},[55,120922,74105],{"class":116},[55,120924,120],{"class":69},[55,120926,7934],{"class":123},[55,120928,1357],{"class":69},[55,120930,120931,120933,120935,120937,120939,120941,120943,120946,120948,120950,120952],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,120932,1814],{"class":61},[55,120934,66],{"class":65},[55,120936,7990],{"class":61},[55,120938,198],{"class":69},[55,120940,34399],{"class":123},[55,120942,6960],{"class":69},[55,120944,120945],{"class":61},"; ",[55,120947,117],{"class":116},[55,120949,120],{"class":69},[55,120951,1849],{"class":123},[55,120953,103],{"class":69},[55,120955,120956,120958,120960,120962,120964,120967],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,120957,117],{"class":116},[55,120959,120],{"class":69},[55,120961,1396],{"class":850},[55,120963,120],{"class":69},[55,120965,120966],{"class":123},"my_data",[55,120968,1357],{"class":69},[55,120970,120971,120973,120975,120977],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,120972,31751],{"class":116},[55,120974,120],{"class":69},[55,120976,74105],{"class":116},[55,120978,103],{"class":69},[55,120980,120981,120983,120985,120987,120989,120991],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,120982,31751],{"class":116},[55,120984,120],{"class":69},[55,120986,7688],{"class":850},[55,120988,198],{"class":69},[55,120990,34399],{"class":24347},[55,120992,103],{"class":69},[14,120994,83963],{},[21,120996,120997,121000,121004,121012],{},[24,120998,120999],{},"whether your original list changed",[24,121001,25616,121002,11304],{},[52,121003,74015],{},[24,121005,121006,121007,121009,121010],{},"whether ",[52,121008,63907],{}," returned ",[52,121011,3368],{},[24,121013,121014],{},"what type of object you are working with",[37,121016,121018],{"id":121017},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[14,121020,121021],{},"Use this rule:",[21,121023,121024,121032],{},[24,121025,121026,121027,121029,121030],{},"Need a ",[3332,121028,119120],{},": use ",[52,121031,74015],{},[24,121033,121034,121035,121029,121038],{},"Need to ",[3332,121036,121037],{},"change one list directly",[52,121039,77457],{},[14,121041,121042,121043,121045],{},"For many beginners, ",[52,121044,74015],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[37,121047,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,121049,121051,121052,2465,121054,2078],{"id":121050},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[52,121053,74015],{},[52,121055,77457],{},[14,121057,121058,121060],{},[52,121059,74015],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[1425,121062,4749,121064,4752,121066,2078],{"id":121063},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[52,121065,77457],{},[52,121067,3368],{},[14,121069,121070],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[1425,121072,4761,121074,121076],{"id":121073},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[52,121075,74015],{}," sort a tuple?",[14,121078,121079],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[1425,121081,27925,121083,121085],{"id":121082},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[52,121084,63907],{}," on a string?",[14,121087,45963,121088,121090,121091,39525],{},[52,121089,63907],{}," is a list method. Use ",[52,121092,121093],{},"sorted(string)",[1425,121095,11418,121097,3983,121099,121101],{"id":121096},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[52,121098,74015],{},[52,121100,63907],{}," both support descending order?",[14,121103,121104,121105,198],{},"Yes. Both support ",[52,121106,77681],{},[37,121108,1495],{"id":1494},[21,121110,121111,121117,121123,121127,121131],{},[24,121112,121113],{},[194,121114,3165,121115,3098],{"href":74112},[52,121116,74015],{},[24,121118,121119],{},[194,121120,3165,121121,10339],{"href":74366},[52,121122,77457],{},[24,121124,121125],{},[194,121126,79463],{"href":77966},[24,121128,121129],{},[194,121130,120414],{"href":120413},[24,121132,121133],{},[194,121134,52367],{"href":50575},[1524,121136,121137],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":121139},[121140,121141,121142,121146,121150,121153,121157,121161,121166,121176,121177,121178,121190],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":119208,"depth":106,"text":119209},{"id":117311,"depth":106,"text":119033,"children":121143},[121144],{"id":119275,"depth":113,"text":121145},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77523,"depth":106,"text":79485,"children":121147},[121148],{"id":119452,"depth":113,"text":121149},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119548,"depth":106,"text":119549,"children":121151},[121152],{"id":119574,"depth":113,"text":119575},{"id":119780,"depth":106,"text":121154,"children":121155},"When to use sorted()",[121156],{"id":119802,"depth":113,"text":119803},{"id":119937,"depth":106,"text":121158,"children":121159},"When to use list.sort()",[121160],{"id":119960,"depth":113,"text":119961},{"id":120074,"depth":106,"text":121162,"children":121163},"reverse and key work with both",[121164,121165],{"id":120105,"depth":113,"text":120106},{"id":120233,"depth":113,"text":120234},{"id":120417,"depth":106,"text":120418,"children":121167},[121168,121170,121172,121174],{"id":120424,"depth":113,"text":121169},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120548,"depth":113,"text":121171},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120697,"depth":113,"text":121173},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120748,"depth":113,"text":121175},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113315,"depth":106,"text":113316},{"id":121017,"depth":106,"text":121018},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":121179},[121180,121182,121184,121186,121188],{"id":121050,"depth":113,"text":121181},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121063,"depth":113,"text":121183},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121073,"depth":113,"text":121185},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121082,"depth":113,"text":121187},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121096,"depth":113,"text":121189},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119079,"description":121191},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121197,"title":41773,"body":121198,"description":122930,"extension":1546,"meta":122931,"navigation":109,"path":122932,"seo":122933,"stem":122934,"__hash__":122935},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121199,"toc":122887},[121200,121205,121210,121216,121218,121273,121277,121300,121305,121310,121315,121317,121348,121351,121365,121367,121369,121384,121389,121393,121396,121447,121451,121465,121472,121476,121480,121535,121539,121562,121566,121622,121626,121649,121653,121708,121712,121735,121739,121806,121810,121845,121851,121856,121861,121863,121877,121879,121953,121957,121977,121982,121989,121992,122004,122006,122075,122079,122116,122119,122144,122151,122160,122163,122175,122181,122187,122189,122195,122200,122279,122283,122324,122328,122330,122357,122360,122383,122386,122392,122395,122432,122444,122451,122453,122504,122507,122539,122542,122544,122551,122553,122568,122570,122627,122631,122655,122657,122662,122678,122685,122689,122692,122775,122785,122787,122792,122795,122801,122804,122810,122813,122819,122822,122829,122837,122839,122884],[10,121201,3165,121203,3169],{"id":121202},"python-str-function-explained",[52,121204,47281],{},[14,121206,31916,121207,121209],{},[52,121208,47281],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[14,121211,121212,121213,121215],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[52,121214,47281],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[37,121217,1588],{"id":1587},[45,121219,121221],{"className":47,"code":121220,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,121222,121223,121231,121245,121249,121259],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121224,121225,121227,121229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121226,21225],{"class":61},[55,121228,66],{"class":65},[55,121230,44823],{"class":130},[55,121232,121233,121235,121237,121239,121241,121243],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121234,34287],{"class":61},[55,121236,66],{"class":65},[55,121238,48502],{"class":850},[55,121240,120],{"class":69},[55,121242,8896],{"class":123},[55,121244,103],{"class":69},[55,121246,121247],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,121248,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,121250,121251,121253,121255,121257],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,121252,117],{"class":116},[55,121254,120],{"class":69},[55,121256,34308],{"class":123},[55,121258,103],{"class":69},[55,121260,121261,121263,121265,121267,121269,121271],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,121262,117],{"class":116},[55,121264,120],{"class":69},[55,121266,1396],{"class":850},[55,121268,120],{"class":69},[55,121270,34308],{"class":123},[55,121272,1357],{"class":69},[14,121274,121275],{},[3332,121276,314],{},[45,121278,121280],{"className":47,"code":121279,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,121281,121282,121286],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121283,121284],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121285,2296],{"class":130},[55,121287,121288,121290,121292,121294,121296,121298],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121289,2878],{"class":65},[55,121291,2881],{"class":1648},[55,121293,2884],{"class":73},[55,121295,3032],{"class":77},[55,121297,2889],{"class":73},[55,121299,2892],{"class":65},[14,121301,1440,121302,121304],{},[52,121303,47281],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[37,121306,3265,121308,3268],{"id":121307},"what-str-does",[52,121309,47281],{},[14,121311,121312,121314],{},[52,121313,47281],{}," converts a value into a string.",[14,121316,1690],{},[21,121318,121319,121326,121333,121340],{},[24,121320,121321,121322,41752,121324],{},"An integer like ",[52,121323,250],{},[52,121325,41723],{},[24,121327,121328,121329,41752,121331],{},"A float like ",[52,121330,39739],{},[52,121332,47692],{},[24,121334,121335,121336,41752,121338],{},"A boolean like ",[52,121337,3194],{},[52,121339,6236],{},[24,121341,121342,121343,41752,121345],{},"A list like ",[52,121344,74837],{},[52,121346,121347],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[14,121349,121350],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[21,121352,121353,121356,121359,121362],{},[24,121354,121355],{},"print it",[24,121357,121358],{},"combine it with other strings",[24,121360,121361],{},"save it to a file",[24,121363,121364],{},"use it in messages",[37,121366,1740],{"id":1739},[14,121368,6812],{},[45,121370,121372],{"className":47,"code":121371,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"str(object)\n",[52,121373,121374],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121375,121376,121378,121380,121382],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121377,3032],{"class":850},[55,121379,120],{"class":69},[55,121381,41995],{"class":850},[55,121383,103],{"class":69},[14,121385,20367,121386,121388],{},[52,121387,41995],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[14,121390,121391,7820],{},[52,121392,47281],{},[14,121394,121395],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[45,121397,121399],{"className":47,"code":121398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[52,121400,121401,121410,121433,121437],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121402,121403,121405,121407],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121404,4686],{"class":61},[55,121406,66],{"class":65},[55,121408,121409],{"class":130}," 100\n",[55,121411,121412,121414,121416,121418,121421,121423,121425,121427,121429,121431],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121413,89597],{"class":61},[55,121415,66],{"class":65},[55,121417,86],{"class":73},[55,121419,121420],{"class":77},"Your score is ",[55,121422,74],{"class":73},[55,121424,2039],{"class":65},[55,121426,48502],{"class":850},[55,121428,120],{"class":69},[55,121430,85110],{"class":123},[55,121432,103],{"class":69},[55,121434,121435],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,121436,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,121438,121439,121441,121443,121445],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,121440,117],{"class":116},[55,121442,120],{"class":69},[55,121444,89614],{"class":123},[55,121446,103],{"class":69},[14,121448,121449],{},[3332,121450,314],{},[45,121452,121454],{"className":47,"code":121453,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Your score is 100\n",[52,121455,121456],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121457,121458,121461,121463],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121459,121460],{"class":61},"Your score ",[55,121462,11793],{"class":65},[55,121464,121409],{"class":130},[14,121466,1881,121467,121471],{},[194,121468,121469,1888],{"href":1884},[52,121470,1887],{}," can help you check.",[37,121473,121475],{"id":121474},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[1425,121477,121479],{"id":121478},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[45,121481,121483],{"className":47,"code":121482,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,121484,121485,121493,121507,121511,121521],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121486,121487,121489,121491],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121488,1801],{"class":61},[55,121490,66],{"class":65},[55,121492,2174],{"class":130},[55,121494,121495,121497,121499,121501,121503,121505],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121496,34287],{"class":61},[55,121498,66],{"class":65},[55,121500,48502],{"class":850},[55,121502,120],{"class":69},[55,121504,1824],{"class":123},[55,121506,103],{"class":69},[55,121508,121509],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,121510,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,121512,121513,121515,121517,121519],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,121514,117],{"class":116},[55,121516,120],{"class":69},[55,121518,34308],{"class":123},[55,121520,103],{"class":69},[55,121522,121523,121525,121527,121529,121531,121533],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,121524,117],{"class":116},[55,121526,120],{"class":69},[55,121528,1396],{"class":850},[55,121530,120],{"class":69},[55,121532,34308],{"class":123},[55,121534,1357],{"class":69},[14,121536,121537],{},[3332,121538,314],{},[45,121540,121542],{"className":47,"code":121541,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,121543,121544,121548],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121545,121546],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121547,324],{"class":130},[55,121549,121550,121552,121554,121556,121558,121560],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121551,2878],{"class":65},[55,121553,2881],{"class":1648},[55,121555,2884],{"class":73},[55,121557,3032],{"class":77},[55,121559,2889],{"class":73},[55,121561,2892],{"class":65},[1425,121563,121565],{"id":121564},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[45,121567,121569],{"className":47,"code":121568,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,121570,121571,121580,121594,121598,121608],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121572,121573,121575,121577],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121574,39983],{"class":61},[55,121576,66],{"class":65},[55,121578,121579],{"class":130}," 3.14\n",[55,121581,121582,121584,121586,121588,121590,121592],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121583,34287],{"class":61},[55,121585,66],{"class":65},[55,121587,48502],{"class":850},[55,121589,120],{"class":69},[55,121591,24747],{"class":123},[55,121593,103],{"class":69},[55,121595,121596],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,121597,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,121599,121600,121602,121604,121606],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,121601,117],{"class":116},[55,121603,120],{"class":69},[55,121605,34308],{"class":123},[55,121607,103],{"class":69},[55,121609,121610,121612,121614,121616,121618,121620],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,121611,117],{"class":116},[55,121613,120],{"class":69},[55,121615,1396],{"class":850},[55,121617,120],{"class":69},[55,121619,34308],{"class":123},[55,121621,1357],{"class":69},[14,121623,121624],{},[3332,121625,314],{},[45,121627,121629],{"className":47,"code":121628,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,121630,121631,121635],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121632,121633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121634,39773],{"class":130},[55,121636,121637,121639,121641,121643,121645,121647],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121638,2878],{"class":65},[55,121640,2881],{"class":1648},[55,121642,2884],{"class":73},[55,121644,3032],{"class":77},[55,121646,2889],{"class":73},[55,121648,2892],{"class":65},[1425,121650,121652],{"id":121651},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[45,121654,121656],{"className":47,"code":121655,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,121657,121658,121666,121680,121684,121694],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121659,121660,121662,121664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121661,2031],{"class":61},[55,121663,66],{"class":65},[55,121665,6017],{"class":3443},[55,121667,121668,121670,121672,121674,121676,121678],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121669,34287],{"class":61},[55,121671,66],{"class":65},[55,121673,48502],{"class":850},[55,121675,120],{"class":69},[55,121677,2058],{"class":123},[55,121679,103],{"class":69},[55,121681,121682],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,121683,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,121685,121686,121688,121690,121692],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,121687,117],{"class":116},[55,121689,120],{"class":69},[55,121691,34308],{"class":123},[55,121693,103],{"class":69},[55,121695,121696,121698,121700,121702,121704,121706],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,121697,117],{"class":116},[55,121699,120],{"class":69},[55,121701,1396],{"class":850},[55,121703,120],{"class":69},[55,121705,34308],{"class":123},[55,121707,1357],{"class":69},[14,121709,121710],{},[3332,121711,314],{},[45,121713,121715],{"className":47,"code":121714,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,121716,121717,121721],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121718,121719],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121720,3570],{"class":3443},[55,121722,121723,121725,121727,121729,121731,121733],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121724,2878],{"class":65},[55,121726,2881],{"class":1648},[55,121728,2884],{"class":73},[55,121730,3032],{"class":77},[55,121732,2889],{"class":73},[55,121734,2892],{"class":65},[1425,121736,121738],{"id":121737},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[45,121740,121742],{"className":47,"code":121741,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,121743,121744,121764,121778,121782,121792],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121745,121746,121748,121750,121752,121754,121756,121758,121760,121762],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121747,7375],{"class":61},[55,121749,66],{"class":65},[55,121751,3211],{"class":69},[55,121753,152],{"class":130},[55,121755,83],{"class":69},[55,121757,976],{"class":130},[55,121759,83],{"class":69},[55,121761,2036],{"class":130},[55,121763,386],{"class":69},[55,121765,121766,121768,121770,121772,121774,121776],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121767,34287],{"class":61},[55,121769,66],{"class":65},[55,121771,48502],{"class":850},[55,121773,120],{"class":69},[55,121775,7404],{"class":123},[55,121777,103],{"class":69},[55,121779,121780],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,121781,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,121783,121784,121786,121788,121790],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,121785,117],{"class":116},[55,121787,120],{"class":69},[55,121789,34308],{"class":123},[55,121791,103],{"class":69},[55,121793,121794,121796,121798,121800,121802,121804],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,121795,117],{"class":116},[55,121797,120],{"class":69},[55,121799,1396],{"class":850},[55,121801,120],{"class":69},[55,121803,34308],{"class":123},[55,121805,1357],{"class":69},[14,121807,121808],{},[3332,121809,314],{},[45,121811,121813],{"className":47,"code":121812,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,121814,121815,121831],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121816,121817,121819,121821,121823,121825,121827,121829],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121818,127],{"class":69},[55,121820,152],{"class":130},[55,121822,83],{"class":69},[55,121824,976],{"class":130},[55,121826,83],{"class":69},[55,121828,2036],{"class":130},[55,121830,386],{"class":69},[55,121832,121833,121835,121837,121839,121841,121843],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121834,2878],{"class":65},[55,121836,2881],{"class":1648},[55,121838,2884],{"class":73},[55,121840,3032],{"class":77},[55,121842,2889],{"class":73},[55,121844,2892],{"class":65},[14,121846,121847,121848,121850],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3332,121849,4222],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[37,121852,4553,121854],{"id":121853},"when-to-use-str",[52,121855,47281],{},[14,121857,1440,121858,121860],{},[52,121859,47281],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[14,121862,36021],{},[21,121864,121865,121868,121871,121874],{},[24,121866,121867],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[24,121869,121870],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[24,121872,121873],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[24,121875,121876],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[14,121878,233],{},[45,121880,121882],{"className":47,"code":121881,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[52,121883,121884,121896,121904,121908,121943],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121885,121886,121888,121890,121892,121894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121887,7471],{"class":61},[55,121889,66],{"class":65},[55,121891,86],{"class":73},[55,121893,11107],{"class":77},[55,121895,1288],{"class":73},[55,121897,121898,121900,121902],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,121899,21225],{"class":61},[55,121901,66],{"class":65},[55,121903,44823],{"class":130},[55,121905,121906],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,121907,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,121909,121910,121912,121914,121916,121918,121920,121922,121924,121926,121928,121930,121932,121934,121936,121938,121941],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,121911,89597],{"class":61},[55,121913,66],{"class":65},[55,121915,35567],{"class":61},[55,121917,1643],{"class":65},[55,121919,86],{"class":73},[55,121921,4375],{"class":77},[55,121923,74],{"class":73},[55,121925,2039],{"class":65},[55,121927,48502],{"class":850},[55,121929,120],{"class":69},[55,121931,8896],{"class":123},[55,121933,970],{"class":69},[55,121935,2039],{"class":65},[55,121937,86],{"class":73},[55,121939,121940],{"class":77}," years old.",[55,121942,1288],{"class":73},[55,121944,121945,121947,121949,121951],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,121946,117],{"class":116},[55,121948,120],{"class":69},[55,121950,89614],{"class":123},[55,121952,103],{"class":69},[14,121954,121955],{},[3332,121956,314],{},[45,121958,121960],{"className":47,"code":121959,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[52,121961,121962],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,121963,121964,121967,121969,121971,121974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,121965,121966],{"class":61},"Maya ",[55,121968,11793],{"class":65},[55,121970,8903],{"class":130},[55,121972,121973],{"class":61}," years old",[55,121975,121976],{"class":69},".\n",[14,121978,121979,121980,198],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[194,121981,89283],{"href":89282},[37,121983,121985,10183,121987],{"id":121984},"str-vs-print",[52,121986,47281],{},[52,121988,46050],{},[14,121990,121991],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[21,121993,121994,121999],{},[24,121995,121996,121998],{},[52,121997,47281],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[24,122000,122001,122003],{},[52,122002,46050],{}," displays output on the screen",[14,122005,233],{},[45,122007,122009],{"className":47,"code":122008,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[52,122010,122011,122019,122023,122037,122047,122061],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122012,122013,122015,122017],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122014,2031],{"class":61},[55,122016,66],{"class":65},[55,122018,2356],{"class":130},[55,122020,122021],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122022,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,122024,122025,122027,122029,122031,122033,122035],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,122026,34287],{"class":61},[55,122028,66],{"class":65},[55,122030,48502],{"class":850},[55,122032,120],{"class":69},[55,122034,2058],{"class":123},[55,122036,103],{"class":69},[55,122038,122039,122041,122043,122045],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,122040,117],{"class":116},[55,122042,120],{"class":69},[55,122044,34308],{"class":123},[55,122046,103],{"class":69},[55,122048,122049,122051,122053,122055,122057,122059],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,122050,117],{"class":116},[55,122052,120],{"class":69},[55,122054,1396],{"class":850},[55,122056,120],{"class":69},[55,122058,34308],{"class":123},[55,122060,1357],{"class":69},[55,122062,122063,122065,122067,122069,122071,122073],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,122064,117],{"class":116},[55,122066,120],{"class":69},[55,122068,1396],{"class":850},[55,122070,120],{"class":69},[55,122072,2058],{"class":123},[55,122074,1357],{"class":69},[14,122076,122077],{},[3332,122078,314],{},[45,122080,122082],{"className":47,"code":122081,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[52,122083,122084,122088,122102],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122085,122086],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122087,46210],{"class":130},[55,122089,122090,122092,122094,122096,122098,122100],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122091,2878],{"class":65},[55,122093,2881],{"class":1648},[55,122095,2884],{"class":73},[55,122097,3032],{"class":77},[55,122099,2889],{"class":73},[55,122101,2892],{"class":65},[55,122103,122104,122106,122108,122110,122112,122114],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,122105,2878],{"class":65},[55,122107,2881],{"class":1648},[55,122109,2884],{"class":73},[55,122111,1772],{"class":77},[55,122113,2889],{"class":73},[55,122115,2892],{"class":65},[14,122117,122118],{},"Notice:",[21,122120,122121,122127,122132],{},[24,122122,122123,122126],{},[52,122124,122125],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[24,122128,122129,122131],{},[52,122130,46050],{}," only displayed values",[24,122133,122134,122136,122137,122139,122140,60897,122142],{},[52,122135,46050],{}," did not change ",[52,122138,2058],{}," from ",[52,122141,1772],{},[52,122143,3032],{},[14,122145,122146,122147,198],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[194,122148,122149,1888],{"href":46047},[52,122150,46050],{},[37,122152,122154,10183,122156,122159],{"id":122153},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[52,122155,47281],{},[52,122157,122158],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[14,122161,122162],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[21,122164,122165,122170],{},[24,122166,122167,122169],{},[52,122168,47281],{}," is the more readable text version",[24,122171,122172,122174],{},[52,122173,122158],{}," is more developer-focused",[14,122176,122177,122178,122180],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[52,122179,47281],{}," much more often.",[14,122182,122183,122184,122186],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[52,122185,47281],{}," is usually the right choice.",[37,122188,4109],{"id":4108},[1425,122190,25371,122192,122194],{"id":122191},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[52,122193,47281],{}," changes the original variable",[14,122196,122197,122199],{},[52,122198,47281],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[45,122201,122203],{"className":47,"code":122202,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,122204,122205,122213,122227,122231,122241,122255,122265],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122206,122207,122209,122211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122208,21225],{"class":61},[55,122210,66],{"class":65},[55,122212,44823],{"class":130},[55,122214,122215,122217,122219,122221,122223,122225],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122216,34287],{"class":61},[55,122218,66],{"class":65},[55,122220,48502],{"class":850},[55,122222,120],{"class":69},[55,122224,8896],{"class":123},[55,122226,103],{"class":69},[55,122228,122229],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,122230,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,122232,122233,122235,122237,122239],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,122234,117],{"class":116},[55,122236,120],{"class":69},[55,122238,8896],{"class":123},[55,122240,103],{"class":69},[55,122242,122243,122245,122247,122249,122251,122253],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,122244,117],{"class":116},[55,122246,120],{"class":69},[55,122248,1396],{"class":850},[55,122250,120],{"class":69},[55,122252,8896],{"class":123},[55,122254,1357],{"class":69},[55,122256,122257,122259,122261,122263],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,122258,117],{"class":116},[55,122260,120],{"class":69},[55,122262,34308],{"class":123},[55,122264,103],{"class":69},[55,122266,122267,122269,122271,122273,122275,122277],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,122268,117],{"class":116},[55,122270,120],{"class":69},[55,122272,1396],{"class":850},[55,122274,120],{"class":69},[55,122276,34308],{"class":123},[55,122278,1357],{"class":69},[14,122280,122281],{},[3332,122282,314],{},[45,122284,122286],{"className":47,"code":122285,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,122287,122288,122292,122306,122310],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122289,122290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122291,2296],{"class":130},[55,122293,122294,122296,122298,122300,122302,122304],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122295,2878],{"class":65},[55,122297,2881],{"class":1648},[55,122299,2884],{"class":73},[55,122301,1772],{"class":77},[55,122303,2889],{"class":73},[55,122305,2892],{"class":65},[55,122307,122308],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,122309,2296],{"class":130},[55,122311,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320,122322],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,122313,2878],{"class":65},[55,122315,2881],{"class":1648},[55,122317,2884],{"class":73},[55,122319,3032],{"class":77},[55,122321,2889],{"class":73},[55,122323,2892],{"class":65},[1425,122325,122327],{"id":122326},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[14,122329,1175],{},[45,122331,122333],{"className":47,"code":122332,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[52,122334,122335,122343],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122336,122337,122339,122341],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122338,21225],{"class":61},[55,122340,66],{"class":65},[55,122342,44823],{"class":130},[55,122344,122345,122347,122349,122351,122353,122355],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122346,34287],{"class":61},[55,122348,66],{"class":65},[55,122350,48502],{"class":850},[55,122352,120],{"class":69},[55,122354,8896],{"class":123},[55,122356,103],{"class":69},[14,122358,122359],{},"But if you only do this:",[45,122361,122363],{"className":47,"code":122362,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[52,122364,122365,122373],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122366,122367,122369,122371],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122368,21225],{"class":61},[55,122370,66],{"class":65},[55,122372,44823],{"class":130},[55,122374,122375,122377,122379,122381],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122376,3032],{"class":850},[55,122378,120],{"class":69},[55,122380,8896],{"class":123},[55,122382,103],{"class":69},[14,122384,122385],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[1425,122387,8012,122389,122391],{"id":122388},"using-str-too-early",[52,122390,47281],{}," too early",[14,122393,122394],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[45,122396,122398],{"className":47,"code":122397,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[52,122399,122400,122408,122423,122427],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122401,122402,122404,122406],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122403,39983],{"class":61},[55,122405,66],{"class":65},[55,122407,2174],{"class":130},[55,122409,122410,122413,122415,122417,122419,122421],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122411,122412],{"class":61},"text_price ",[55,122414,66],{"class":65},[55,122416,48502],{"class":850},[55,122418,120],{"class":69},[55,122420,24747],{"class":123},[55,122422,103],{"class":69},[55,122424,122425],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,122426,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,122428,122429],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,122430,122431],{"class":137},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[14,122433,122434,122435,2465,122439,122443],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[194,122436,122437],{"href":2461},[52,122438,2464],{},[194,122440,122441],{"href":2468},[52,122442,2471],{},", depending on the situation.",[1425,122445,8048,122447,122450],{"id":122446},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[52,122448,122449],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[14,122452,64239],{},[45,122454,122456],{"className":47,"code":122455,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[52,122457,122458,122490],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122459,122460,122462,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482,122484,122486,122488],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122461,7375],{"class":61},[55,122463,66],{"class":65},[55,122465,3211],{"class":69},[55,122467,74],{"class":73},[55,122469,407],{"class":77},[55,122471,74],{"class":73},[55,122473,83],{"class":69},[55,122475,86],{"class":73},[55,122477,416],{"class":77},[55,122479,74],{"class":73},[55,122481,83],{"class":69},[55,122483,86],{"class":73},[55,122485,32820],{"class":77},[55,122487,74],{"class":73},[55,122489,386],{"class":69},[55,122491,122492,122494,122496,122498,122500,122502],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122493,117],{"class":116},[55,122495,120],{"class":69},[55,122497,3032],{"class":850},[55,122499,120],{"class":69},[55,122501,7404],{"class":123},[55,122503,1357],{"class":69},[14,122505,122506],{},"prints:",[45,122508,122509],{"className":47,"code":72427,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,122510,122511],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122512,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533,122535,122537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122514,127],{"class":69},[55,122516,2889],{"class":73},[55,122518,407],{"class":77},[55,122520,2889],{"class":73},[55,122522,83],{"class":69},[55,122524,2884],{"class":73},[55,122526,416],{"class":77},[55,122528,2889],{"class":73},[55,122530,83],{"class":69},[55,122532,2884],{"class":73},[55,122534,32820],{"class":77},[55,122536,2889],{"class":73},[55,122538,386],{"class":69},[14,122540,122541],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[37,122543,17017],{"id":17016},[14,122545,122546,21572,122548,198],{},[52,122547,47281],{},[3332,122549,122550],{},"new string",[14,122552,211],{},[21,122554,122555,122558,122561],{},[24,122556,122557],{},"It always returns a string",[24,122559,122560],{},"It does not modify the original object",[24,122562,7358,122563,122567],{},[194,122564,122565],{"href":1884},[52,122566,1887],{}," to confirm the result",[14,122569,233],{},[45,122571,122573],{"className":47,"code":122572,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[52,122574,122575,122583,122598,122602,122613],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122576,122577,122579,122581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122578,2031],{"class":61},[55,122580,66],{"class":65},[55,122582,13727],{"class":130},[55,122584,122585,122588,122590,122592,122594,122596],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122586,122587],{"class":61},"converted ",[55,122589,66],{"class":65},[55,122591,48502],{"class":850},[55,122593,120],{"class":69},[55,122595,2058],{"class":123},[55,122597,103],{"class":69},[55,122599,122600],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,122601,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,122603,122604,122606,122608,122611],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,122605,117],{"class":116},[55,122607,120],{"class":69},[55,122609,122610],{"class":123},"converted",[55,122612,103],{"class":69},[55,122614,122615,122617,122619,122621,122623,122625],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,122616,117],{"class":116},[55,122618,120],{"class":69},[55,122620,1396],{"class":850},[55,122622,120],{"class":69},[55,122624,122610],{"class":123},[55,122626,1357],{"class":69},[14,122628,122629],{},[3332,122630,314],{},[45,122632,122634],{"className":47,"code":122633,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,122635,122636,122641],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122637,122638],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122639,122640],{"class":130},"99\n",[55,122642,122643,122645,122647,122649,122651,122653],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122644,2878],{"class":65},[55,122646,2881],{"class":1648},[55,122648,2884],{"class":73},[55,122650,3032],{"class":77},[55,122652,2889],{"class":73},[55,122654,2892],{"class":65},[37,122656,113316],{"id":113315},[14,122658,122659,122660,74406],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[52,122661,47281],{},[21,122663,122664,122667,122670,122675],{},[24,122665,122666],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[24,122668,122669],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[24,122671,8012,122672,122674],{},[52,122673,47281],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[24,122676,122677],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[14,122679,122680,122681,198],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[194,122682,1002,122683],{"href":89995},[52,122684,89996],{},[37,122686,122688],{"id":122687},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[14,122690,122691],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[45,122693,122695],{"className":47,"code":122694,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[52,122696,122697,122705,122709,122719,122733,122737,122751,122761],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122698,122699,122701,122703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122700,2031],{"class":61},[55,122702,66],{"class":65},[55,122704,44823],{"class":130},[55,122706,122707],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,122708,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,122710,122711,122713,122715,122717],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,122712,117],{"class":116},[55,122714,120],{"class":69},[55,122716,2058],{"class":123},[55,122718,103],{"class":69},[55,122720,122721,122723,122725,122727,122729,122731],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,122722,117],{"class":116},[55,122724,120],{"class":69},[55,122726,1396],{"class":850},[55,122728,120],{"class":69},[55,122730,2058],{"class":123},[55,122732,1357],{"class":69},[55,122734,122735],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,122736,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,122738,122739,122741,122743,122745,122747,122749],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,122740,122587],{"class":61},[55,122742,66],{"class":65},[55,122744,48502],{"class":850},[55,122746,120],{"class":69},[55,122748,2058],{"class":123},[55,122750,103],{"class":69},[55,122752,122753,122755,122757,122759],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,122754,117],{"class":116},[55,122756,120],{"class":69},[55,122758,122610],{"class":123},[55,122760,103],{"class":69},[55,122762,122763,122765,122767,122769,122771,122773],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,122764,117],{"class":116},[55,122766,120],{"class":69},[55,122768,1396],{"class":850},[55,122770,120],{"class":69},[55,122772,122610],{"class":123},[55,122774,1357],{"class":69},[14,122776,122777,122778,1773,122780,122782,122783,198],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[52,122779,1772],{},[52,122781,1776],{},", or another type into ",[52,122784,3032],{},[37,122786,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,122788,4733,122790,4736],{"id":122789},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[52,122791,47281],{},[14,122793,122794],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[1425,122796,12304,122798,122800],{"id":122797},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[52,122799,47281],{}," change the original variable?",[14,122802,122803],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[1425,122805,4761,122807,122809],{"id":122806},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[52,122808,47281],{}," convert numbers to text?",[14,122811,122812],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[1425,122814,94181,122816,122818],{"id":122815},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[52,122817,47281],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[14,122820,122821],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[1425,122823,14500,122825,56802,122827,2078],{"id":122824},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[52,122826,47281],{},[52,122828,46050],{},[14,122830,45963,122831,122833,122834,122836],{},[52,122832,47281],{}," converts to text. ",[52,122835,46050],{}," shows output.",[37,122838,1495],{"id":1494},[21,122840,122841,122847,122853,122859,122865,122874,122878],{},[24,122842,122843],{},[194,122844,122845,3098],{"href":46047},[52,122846,46050],{},[24,122848,122849],{},[194,122850,122851,3098],{"href":1884},[52,122852,1887],{},[24,122854,122855],{},[194,122856,122857,3098],{"href":2461},[52,122858,2464],{},[24,122860,122861],{},[194,122862,122863,3098],{"href":2468},[52,122864,2471],{},[24,122866,122867],{},[194,122868,122870,122871,122873],{"href":122869},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[52,122872,1772],{}," to string in Python",[24,122875,122876],{},[194,122877,90273],{"href":89282},[24,122879,122880],{},[194,122881,29945,122882],{"href":89995},[52,122883,89996],{},[1524,122885,122886],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":122888},[122889,122890,122892,122893,122899,122901,122903,122905,122914,122915,122916,122917,122929],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":121307,"depth":106,"text":122891},"What str() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":121474,"depth":106,"text":121475,"children":122894},[122895,122896,122897,122898],{"id":121478,"depth":113,"text":121479},{"id":121564,"depth":113,"text":121565},{"id":121651,"depth":113,"text":121652},{"id":121737,"depth":113,"text":121738},{"id":121853,"depth":106,"text":122900},"When to use str()",{"id":121984,"depth":106,"text":122902},"str() vs print()",{"id":122153,"depth":106,"text":122904},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":122906},[122907,122909,122910,122912],{"id":122191,"depth":113,"text":122908},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122326,"depth":113,"text":122327},{"id":122388,"depth":113,"text":122911},"Using str() too early",{"id":122446,"depth":113,"text":122913},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":113315,"depth":106,"text":113316},{"id":122687,"depth":106,"text":122688},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":122918},[122919,122921,122923,122925,122927],{"id":122789,"depth":113,"text":122920},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122797,"depth":113,"text":122922},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122806,"depth":113,"text":122924},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122815,"depth":113,"text":122926},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122824,"depth":113,"text":122928},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41773,"description":122930},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122937,"title":122938,"body":122939,"description":124392,"extension":1546,"meta":124393,"navigation":109,"path":124394,"seo":124395,"stem":124396,"__hash__":124397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122940,"toc":124354},[122941,122947,122953,122956,122978,122980,123042,123044,123057,123063,123068,123073,123075,123088,123099,123101,123128,123130,123147,123154,123165,123167,123172,123174,123186,123194,123203,123205,123208,123261,123263,123271,123279,123283,123288,123328,123330,123338,123341,123343,123383,123385,123393,123403,123409,123412,123485,123487,123500,123504,123509,123537,123540,123575,123577,123585,123588,123592,123596,123598,123614,123616,123656,123658,123666,123675,123718,123720,123728,123730,123734,123740,123743,123783,123785,123793,123798,123801,123844,123848,123851,123886,123891,123893,123932,123942,123950,123960,123968,123972,123977,123979,124020,124022,124030,124035,124038,124041,124059,124065,124069,124074,124077,124117,124119,124124,124223,124226,124242,124244,124263,124265,124272,124275,124281,124284,124290,124294,124300,124303,124309,124312,124314,124351],[10,122942,122944,122945,10920],{"id":122943},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[52,122946,56887],{},[14,122948,122949,122950,122952],{},"The Python string ",[52,122951,56887],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[14,122954,122955],{},"This reference page explains:",[21,122957,122958,122962,122965,122967,122975],{},[24,122959,25616,122960,3268],{},[52,122961,56887],{},[24,122963,122964],{},"its syntax",[24,122966,34995],{},[24,122968,122969,122970,3983,122972,122974],{},"how ",[52,122971,35671],{},[52,122973,52256],{}," work",[24,122976,122977],{},"common beginner mistakes",[37,122979,1588],{"id":1587},[45,122981,122983],{"className":47,"code":122982,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[52,122984,122985,122997,123019],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,122986,122987,122989,122991,122993,122995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,122988,34287],{"class":61},[55,122990,66],{"class":65},[55,122992,86],{"class":73},[55,122994,416],{"class":77},[55,122996,1288],{"class":73},[55,122998,122999,123001,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013,123015,123017],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123000,117],{"class":116},[55,123002,120],{"class":69},[55,123004,34308],{"class":123},[55,123006,198],{"class":69},[55,123008,40856],{"class":123},[55,123010,120],{"class":69},[55,123012,74],{"class":73},[55,123014,194],{"class":77},[55,123016,74],{"class":73},[55,123018,1357],{"class":69},[55,123020,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123033,123035,123038,123040],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,123022,117],{"class":116},[55,123024,120],{"class":69},[55,123026,34308],{"class":123},[55,123028,198],{"class":69},[55,123030,40856],{"class":123},[55,123032,120],{"class":69},[55,123034,74],{"class":73},[55,123036,123037],{"class":77},"na",[55,123039,74],{"class":73},[55,123041,1357],{"class":69},[14,123043,314],{},[45,123045,123047],{"className":47,"code":123046,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"3\n2\n",[52,123048,123049,123053],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123050,123051],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123052,46215],{"class":130},[55,123054,123055],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123056,16654],{"class":130},[14,123058,1440,123059,123062],{},[52,123060,123061],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[37,123064,12596,123066,12599],{"id":123065},"what-the-count-method-does",[52,123067,56887],{},[14,123069,123070,123072],{},[52,123071,56887],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[14,123074,12652],{},[21,123076,123077,123080,123083,123085],{},[24,123078,123079],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[24,123081,123082],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[24,123084,43255],{},[24,123086,123087],{},"It does not change the original string",[14,123089,123090,123091,123093,123094,1773,123096,123098],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[52,123092,17693],{}," characters are in ",[52,123095,64870],{},[52,123097,56887],{}," is a simple choice.",[37,123100,1740],{"id":1739},[45,123102,123104],{"className":47,"code":123103,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[52,123105,123106],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123107,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122,123124,123126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123109,60770],{"class":61},[55,123111,198],{"class":69},[55,123113,40856],{"class":123},[55,123115,120],{"class":69},[55,123117,2058],{"class":123},[55,123119,83],{"class":69},[55,123121,35650],{"class":123},[55,123123,83],{"class":69},[55,123125,64636],{"class":123},[55,123127,103],{"class":69},[1425,123129,16993],{"id":16992},[21,123131,123132,123137,123142],{},[24,123133,123134,123136],{},[52,123135,2058],{},": the text to search for",[24,123138,123139,123141],{},[52,123140,35671],{},": optional; where counting begins",[24,123143,123144,123146],{},[52,123145,52256],{},": optional; where counting stops",[14,123148,123149,3983,123151,123153],{},[52,123150,35671],{},[52,123152,52256],{}," work like slice positions:",[21,123155,123156,123161],{},[24,123157,123158,123160],{},[52,123159,35671],{}," is included",[24,123162,123163,75332],{},[52,123164,52256],{},[37,123166,17017],{"id":17016},[14,123168,123169,123171],{},[52,123170,56887],{}," returns a whole number.",[14,123173,1708],{},[21,123175,123176,123181],{},[24,123177,123178,123179],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[52,123180,609],{},[24,123182,123183,123184],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[52,123185,131],{},[14,123187,40502,123188,4752,123190,2465,123192,198],{},[3332,123189,4222],{},[52,123191,3194],{},[52,123193,3261],{},[14,123195,123196,123197,123202],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[194,123198,123200,101190],{"href":123199},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[52,123201,3474],{}," is often a better fit.",[37,123204,11073],{"id":11072},[14,123206,123207],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[45,123209,123211],{"className":47,"code":123210,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,123212,123213,123225,123247,123251],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123214,123215,123217,123219,123221,123223],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123216,34287],{"class":61},[55,123218,66],{"class":65},[55,123220,86],{"class":73},[55,123222,407],{"class":77},[55,123224,1288],{"class":73},[55,123226,123227,123229,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241,123243,123245],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123228,1814],{"class":61},[55,123230,66],{"class":65},[55,123232,42438],{"class":61},[55,123234,198],{"class":69},[55,123236,40856],{"class":123},[55,123238,120],{"class":69},[55,123240,74],{"class":73},[55,123242,14],{"class":77},[55,123244,74],{"class":73},[55,123246,103],{"class":69},[55,123248,123249],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,123250,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,123252,123253,123255,123257,123259],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,123254,117],{"class":116},[55,123256,120],{"class":69},[55,123258,1849],{"class":123},[55,123260,103],{"class":69},[14,123262,314],{},[45,123264,123265],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,123266,123267],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123268,123269],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123270,16654],{"class":130},[14,123272,63415,123273,123276,123277,198],{},[52,123274,123275],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[52,123278,57430],{},[37,123280,123282],{"id":123281},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[14,123284,123285,123287],{},[52,123286,56887],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[45,123289,123291],{"className":47,"code":123290,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[52,123292,123293,123306],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123294,123295,123297,123299,123301,123304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123296,34287],{"class":61},[55,123298,66],{"class":65},[55,123300,86],{"class":73},[55,123302,123303],{"class":77},"cat dog cat bird cat",[55,123305,1288],{"class":73},[55,123307,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316,123318,123320,123322,123324,123326],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123309,117],{"class":116},[55,123311,120],{"class":69},[55,123313,34308],{"class":123},[55,123315,198],{"class":69},[55,123317,40856],{"class":123},[55,123319,120],{"class":69},[55,123321,74],{"class":73},[55,123323,36643],{"class":77},[55,123325,74],{"class":73},[55,123327,1357],{"class":69},[14,123329,314],{},[45,123331,123332],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,123333,123334],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123335,123336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123337,46215],{"class":130},[14,123339,123340],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[14,123342,233],{},[45,123344,123346],{"className":47,"code":123345,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[52,123347,123348,123361],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123349,123350,123352,123354,123356,123359],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123351,34287],{"class":61},[55,123353,66],{"class":65},[55,123355,86],{"class":73},[55,123357,123358],{"class":77},"one One one",[55,123360,1288],{"class":73},[55,123362,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377,123379,123381],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123364,117],{"class":116},[55,123366,120],{"class":69},[55,123368,34308],{"class":123},[55,123370,198],{"class":69},[55,123372,40856],{"class":123},[55,123374,120],{"class":69},[55,123376,74],{"class":73},[55,123378,6180],{"class":77},[55,123380,74],{"class":73},[55,123382,1357],{"class":69},[14,123384,314],{},[45,123386,123387],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,123388,123389],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123390,123391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123392,16654],{"class":130},[14,123394,123395,123396,123399,123400,123402],{},"The uppercase ",[52,123397,123398],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[52,123401,56887],{}," is case-sensitive.",[37,123404,8012,123405,3983,123407],{"id":65002},[52,123406,35671],{},[52,123408,52256],{},[14,123410,123411],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[45,123413,123415],{"className":47,"code":123414,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[52,123416,123417,123429,123455],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123418,123419,123421,123423,123425,123427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123420,34287],{"class":61},[55,123422,66],{"class":65},[55,123424,86],{"class":73},[55,123426,416],{"class":77},[55,123428,1288],{"class":73},[55,123430,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449,123451,123453],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123432,117],{"class":116},[55,123434,120],{"class":69},[55,123436,34308],{"class":123},[55,123438,198],{"class":69},[55,123440,40856],{"class":123},[55,123442,120],{"class":69},[55,123444,74],{"class":73},[55,123446,194],{"class":77},[55,123448,74],{"class":73},[55,123450,83],{"class":69},[55,123452,976],{"class":130},[55,123454,1357],{"class":69},[55,123456,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479,123481,123483],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,123458,117],{"class":116},[55,123460,120],{"class":69},[55,123462,34308],{"class":123},[55,123464,198],{"class":69},[55,123466,40856],{"class":123},[55,123468,120],{"class":69},[55,123470,74],{"class":73},[55,123472,194],{"class":77},[55,123474,74],{"class":73},[55,123476,83],{"class":69},[55,123478,976],{"class":130},[55,123480,83],{"class":69},[55,123482,4196],{"class":130},[55,123484,1357],{"class":69},[14,123486,314],{},[45,123488,123490],{"className":47,"code":123489,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"2\n1\n",[52,123491,123492,123496],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123493,123494],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123495,16654],{"class":130},[55,123497,123498],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123499,46515],{"class":130},[1425,123501,123503],{"id":123502},"how-this-works","How this works",[14,123505,123506,123507,854],{},"In ",[52,123508,64870],{},[21,123510,123511,123519,123527],{},[24,123512,70557,123513,123515,123516],{},[52,123514,309],{}," starts at the first ",[52,123517,123518],{},"\"n\"",[24,123520,123521,123524,123525,75630],{},[52,123522,123523],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[52,123526,309],{},[24,123528,123529,123524,123532,123534,123535],{},[52,123530,123531],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[52,123533,309],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[52,123536,817],{},[14,123538,123539],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[45,123541,123543],{"className":47,"code":123542,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[52,123544,123545,123557],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123546,123547,123549,123551,123553,123555],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123548,34287],{"class":61},[55,123550,66],{"class":65},[55,123552,86],{"class":73},[55,123554,416],{"class":77},[55,123556,1288],{"class":73},[55,123558,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569,123571,123573],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123560,117],{"class":116},[55,123562,120],{"class":69},[55,123564,34308],{"class":123},[55,123566,127],{"class":69},[55,123568,309],{"class":130},[55,123570,854],{"class":69},[55,123572,817],{"class":130},[55,123574,282],{"class":69},[14,123576,314],{},[45,123578,123579],{"className":47,"code":41065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,123580,123581],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123582,123583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123584,41065],{"class":61},[14,123586,123587],{},"Only that section is searched.",[37,123589,123591],{"id":123590},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[14,123593,123594,123402],{},[52,123595,56887],{},[14,123597,1690],{},[21,123599,123600,123608],{},[24,123601,123602,3983,123604,123607],{},[52,123603,17693],{},[52,123605,123606],{},"\"A\""," are different",[24,123609,123610,3983,123612,123607],{},[52,123611,64130],{},[52,123613,90008],{},[14,123615,233],{},[45,123617,123619],{"className":47,"code":123618,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[52,123620,123621,123634],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123622,123623,123625,123627,123629,123632],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123624,34287],{"class":61},[55,123626,66],{"class":65},[55,123628,86],{"class":73},[55,123630,123631],{"class":77},"Apple apple APPLE",[55,123633,1288],{"class":73},[55,123635,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650,123652,123654],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123637,117],{"class":116},[55,123639,120],{"class":69},[55,123641,34308],{"class":123},[55,123643,198],{"class":69},[55,123645,40856],{"class":123},[55,123647,120],{"class":69},[55,123649,74],{"class":73},[55,123651,407],{"class":77},[55,123653,74],{"class":73},[55,123655,1357],{"class":69},[14,123657,314],{},[45,123659,123660],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,123661,123662],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123663,123664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123665,46515],{"class":130},[14,123667,123668,123669,854],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[194,123670,123672],{"href":123671},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[52,123673,123674],{},"lower()",[45,123676,123678],{"className":47,"code":123677,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[52,123679,123680,123692],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123681,123682,123684,123686,123688,123690],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123683,34287],{"class":61},[55,123685,66],{"class":65},[55,123687,86],{"class":73},[55,123689,123631],{"class":77},[55,123691,1288],{"class":73},[55,123693,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123695,117],{"class":116},[55,123697,120],{"class":69},[55,123699,34308],{"class":123},[55,123701,198],{"class":69},[55,123703,8236],{"class":123},[55,123705,8233],{"class":69},[55,123707,40856],{"class":123},[55,123709,120],{"class":69},[55,123711,74],{"class":73},[55,123713,407],{"class":77},[55,123715,74],{"class":73},[55,123717,1357],{"class":69},[14,123719,314],{},[45,123721,123722],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,123723,123724],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123725,123726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123727,46215],{"class":130},[37,123729,1298],{"id":1297},[14,123731,22691,123732,198],{},[52,123733,56887],{},[1425,123735,8048,123737,123739],{"id":123736},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[52,123738,56887],{}," to ignore case automatically",[14,123741,123742],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[45,123744,123746],{"className":47,"code":123745,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[52,123747,123748,123761],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123749,123750,123752,123754,123756,123759],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123751,34287],{"class":61},[55,123753,66],{"class":65},[55,123755,86],{"class":73},[55,123757,123758],{"class":77},"Aardvark",[55,123760,1288],{"class":73},[55,123762,123763,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777,123779,123781],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123764,117],{"class":116},[55,123766,120],{"class":69},[55,123768,34308],{"class":123},[55,123770,198],{"class":69},[55,123772,40856],{"class":123},[55,123774,120],{"class":69},[55,123776,74],{"class":73},[55,123778,194],{"class":77},[55,123780,74],{"class":73},[55,123782,1357],{"class":69},[14,123784,314],{},[45,123786,123787],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,123788,123789],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123790,123791],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123792,16654],{"class":130},[14,123794,123395,123795,123797],{},[52,123796,123606],{}," at the start is not counted.",[14,123799,123800],{},"If needed, convert first:",[45,123802,123804],{"className":47,"code":123803,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[52,123805,123806,123818],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123807,123808,123810,123812,123814,123816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123809,34287],{"class":61},[55,123811,66],{"class":65},[55,123813,86],{"class":73},[55,123815,123758],{"class":77},[55,123817,1288],{"class":73},[55,123819,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838,123840,123842],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123821,117],{"class":116},[55,123823,120],{"class":69},[55,123825,34308],{"class":123},[55,123827,198],{"class":69},[55,123829,8236],{"class":123},[55,123831,8233],{"class":69},[55,123833,40856],{"class":123},[55,123835,120],{"class":69},[55,123837,74],{"class":73},[55,123839,194],{"class":77},[55,123841,74],{"class":73},[55,123843,1357],{"class":69},[1425,123845,123847],{"id":123846},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[14,123849,123850],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[45,123852,123854],{"className":47,"code":123853,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[52,123855,123856,123868],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123857,123858,123860,123862,123864,123866],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123859,34287],{"class":61},[55,123861,66],{"class":65},[55,123863,86],{"class":73},[55,123865,416],{"class":77},[55,123867,1288],{"class":73},[55,123869,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880,123882,123884],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123871,117],{"class":116},[55,123873,120],{"class":69},[55,123875,34308],{"class":123},[55,123877,198],{"class":69},[55,123879,40856],{"class":123},[55,123881,120],{"class":69},[55,123883,194],{"class":123},[55,123885,1357],{"class":69},[14,123887,123888,123889,198],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[52,123890,194],{},[14,123892,10406],{},[45,123894,123896],{"className":47,"code":123895,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[52,123897,123898,123910],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123899,123900,123902,123904,123906,123908],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123901,34287],{"class":61},[55,123903,66],{"class":65},[55,123905,86],{"class":73},[55,123907,416],{"class":77},[55,123909,1288],{"class":73},[55,123911,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,123913,117],{"class":116},[55,123915,120],{"class":69},[55,123917,34308],{"class":123},[55,123919,198],{"class":69},[55,123921,40856],{"class":123},[55,123923,120],{"class":69},[55,123925,74],{"class":73},[55,123927,194],{"class":77},[55,123929,74],{"class":73},[55,123931,1357],{"class":69},[1425,123933,36800,123935,8301,123937,2465,123940],{"id":123934},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[52,123936,56887],{},[52,123938,123939],{},"find()",[52,123941,58565],{},[14,123943,1440,123944,123946,123947,198],{},[52,123945,56887],{}," when you need the ",[3332,123948,123949],{},"number of matches",[14,123951,1440,123952,123946,123957,123959],{},[194,123953,123955],{"href":123954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[52,123956,123939],{},[3332,123958,64542],{}," of the first match.",[14,123961,1440,123962,123967],{},[194,123963,123965],{"href":123964},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[52,123966,58565],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[1425,123969,123971],{"id":123970},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[14,123973,123974,123976],{},[52,123975,56887],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[14,123978,233],{},[45,123980,123982],{"className":47,"code":123981,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[52,123983,123984,123997],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,123985,123986,123988,123990,123992,123995],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,123987,34287],{"class":61},[55,123989,66],{"class":65},[55,123991,86],{"class":73},[55,123993,123994],{"class":77},"aaaa",[55,123996,1288],{"class":73},[55,123998,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124011,124013,124016,124018],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124000,117],{"class":116},[55,124002,120],{"class":69},[55,124004,34308],{"class":123},[55,124006,198],{"class":69},[55,124008,40856],{"class":123},[55,124010,120],{"class":69},[55,124012,74],{"class":73},[55,124014,124015],{"class":77},"aa",[55,124017,74],{"class":73},[55,124019,1357],{"class":69},[14,124021,314],{},[45,124023,124024],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,124025,124026],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124027,124028],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124029,16654],{"class":130},[14,124031,124032,124033,198],{},"It does not return ",[52,124034,609],{},[14,124036,124037],{},"Why not?",[14,124039,124040],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[21,124042,124043,124052],{},[24,124044,124045,124048,124049],{},[52,124046,124047],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[52,124050,124051],{},"0-1",[24,124053,124054,124048,124056],{},[52,124055,124047],{},[52,124057,124058],{},"2-3",[14,124060,124061,124062,198],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[52,124063,124064],{},"1-2",[37,124066,4553,124067],{"id":57970},[52,124068,56887],{},[14,124070,1440,124071,124073],{},[52,124072,56887],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[14,124075,124076],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[21,124078,124079,124088,124098,124108],{},[24,124080,1440,124081,124083,124084,124087],{},[52,124082,56887],{}," when you need ",[3332,124085,124086],{},"how many times"," something appears",[24,124089,1440,124090,124083,124094,124097],{},[194,124091,124092],{"href":123954},[52,124093,123939],{},[3332,124095,124096],{},"where"," it appears",[24,124099,47408,124100,124104,124105],{},[194,124101,124102,101190],{"href":123199},[52,124103,3474],{}," when you only need to know ",[3332,124106,124107],{},"if it exists",[24,124109,1440,124110,124116],{},[194,124111,124113],{"href":124112},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[52,124114,124115],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[37,124118,25539],{"id":25538},[14,124120,8472,124121,124123],{},[52,124122,56887],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[45,124125,124127],{"className":47,"code":124126,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[52,124128,124129,124139,124153,124175,124201],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124130,124131,124133,124135,124137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124132,117],{"class":116},[55,124134,120],{"class":69},[55,124136,34308],{"class":123},[55,124138,103],{"class":69},[55,124140,124141,124143,124145,124147,124149,124151],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124142,117],{"class":116},[55,124144,120],{"class":69},[55,124146,1396],{"class":850},[55,124148,120],{"class":69},[55,124150,34308],{"class":123},[55,124152,1357],{"class":69},[55,124154,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169,124171,124173],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,124156,117],{"class":116},[55,124158,120],{"class":69},[55,124160,34308],{"class":123},[55,124162,198],{"class":69},[55,124164,40856],{"class":123},[55,124166,120],{"class":69},[55,124168,74],{"class":73},[55,124170,194],{"class":77},[55,124172,74],{"class":73},[55,124174,1357],{"class":69},[55,124176,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195,124197,124199],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,124178,117],{"class":116},[55,124180,120],{"class":69},[55,124182,34308],{"class":123},[55,124184,198],{"class":69},[55,124186,8236],{"class":123},[55,124188,8233],{"class":69},[55,124190,40856],{"class":123},[55,124192,120],{"class":69},[55,124194,74],{"class":73},[55,124196,194],{"class":77},[55,124198,74],{"class":73},[55,124200,1357],{"class":69},[55,124202,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211,124213,124215,124217,124219,124221],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,124204,117],{"class":116},[55,124206,120],{"class":69},[55,124208,34308],{"class":123},[55,124210,198],{"class":69},[55,124212,40856],{"class":123},[55,124214,120],{"class":69},[55,124216,74],{"class":73},[55,124218,123037],{"class":77},[55,124220,74],{"class":73},[55,124222,1357],{"class":69},[14,124224,124225],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[21,124227,124228,124231,124236,124239],{},[24,124229,124230],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[24,124232,124233,124235],{},[52,124234,34308],{}," not being a string",[24,124237,124238],{},"counting the wrong substring",[24,124240,124241],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[14,124243,58459],{},[21,124245,124246,124249,124252,124255],{},[24,124247,124248],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[24,124250,124251],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[24,124253,124254],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[24,124256,50089,124257,44227,124259,2465,124261,72902],{},[52,124258,56887],{},[52,124260,123939],{},[52,124262,3474],{},[37,124264,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,124266,124268,124269,124271],{"id":124267},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[52,124270,56887],{}," change the original string?",[14,124273,124274],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[1425,124276,14500,124278,124280],{"id":124277},"is-count-case-sensitive",[52,124279,56887],{}," case-sensitive?",[14,124282,124283],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[1425,124285,4733,124287,124289],{"id":124286},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[52,124288,56887],{}," return if nothing is found?",[14,124291,4739,124292,198],{},[52,124293,131],{},[1425,124295,4761,124297,124299],{"id":124296},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[52,124298,56887],{}," count words instead of letters?",[14,124301,124302],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[1425,124304,12304,124306,124308],{"id":124305},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[52,124307,56887],{}," count overlapping matches?",[14,124310,124311],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[37,124313,1495],{"id":1494},[21,124315,124316,124323,124330,124337,124344],{},[24,124317,124318],{},[194,124319,124320],{"href":123954},[52,124321,124322],{},"Python string find() method",[24,124324,124325],{},[194,124326,124327],{"href":123964},[52,124328,124329],{},"Python string index() method",[24,124331,124332],{},[194,124333,124334],{"href":123671},[52,124335,124336],{},"Python string lower() method",[24,124338,124339],{},[194,124340,124341],{"href":123199},[52,124342,124343],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[24,124345,124346],{},[194,124347,124348],{"href":124112},[52,124349,124350],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1524,124352,124353],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":124355},[124356,124357,124359,124362,124363,124364,124365,124368,124369,124377,124378,124379,124391],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":123065,"depth":106,"text":124358},"What the count() method does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":124360},[124361],{"id":16992,"depth":113,"text":16993},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":123281,"depth":106,"text":123282},{"id":65002,"depth":106,"text":65784,"children":124366},[124367],{"id":123502,"depth":113,"text":123503},{"id":123590,"depth":106,"text":123591},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":124370},[124371,124373,124374,124376],{"id":123736,"depth":113,"text":124372},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123846,"depth":113,"text":123847},{"id":123934,"depth":113,"text":124375},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123970,"depth":113,"text":123971},{"id":57970,"depth":106,"text":58601},{"id":25538,"depth":106,"text":25539},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":124380},[124381,124383,124385,124387,124389],{"id":124267,"depth":113,"text":124382},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124277,"depth":113,"text":124384},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124286,"depth":113,"text":124386},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124296,"depth":113,"text":124388},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124305,"depth":113,"text":124390},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122938,"description":124392},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124399,"title":124400,"body":124401,"description":125986,"extension":1546,"meta":125987,"navigation":109,"path":125988,"seo":125989,"stem":125990,"__hash__":125991},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124402,"toc":125959},[124403,124406,124409,124506,124515,124517,124536,124540,124543,124546,124559,124562,124591,124596,124601,124659,124661,124694,124700,124704,124707,124710,124739,124742,124769,124772,124775,124779,124782,124789,124852,124854,124872,124875,124879,124882,124885,124927,124930,124974,124977,124980,124984,124989,124992,125035,125037,125060,125063,125096,125099,125148,125158,125162,125165,125168,125197,125200,125211,125213,125272,125275,125279,125282,125285,125300,125309,125312,125346,125349,125376,125379,125386,125388,125391,125393,125396,125410,125419,125421,125448,125452,125455,125469,125472,125531,125535,125538,125565,125568,125595,125603,125606,125666,125668,125701,125705,125708,125727,125732,125781,125786,125788,125791,125850,125868,125870,125874,125882,125886,125889,125893,125899,125903,125913,125917,125920,125922,125956],[10,124404,124400],{"id":124405},"python-string-creating-a-string",[14,124407,124408],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[45,124410,124412],{"className":47,"code":124411,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[52,124413,124414,124426,124438,124447,124461,124465,124475,124485,124496],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124415,124416,124418,124420,124422,124424],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124417,7471],{"class":61},[55,124419,66],{"class":65},[55,124421,86],{"class":73},[55,124423,4595],{"class":77},[55,124425,1288],{"class":73},[55,124427,124428,124430,124432,124434,124436],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124429,89597],{"class":61},[55,124431,66],{"class":65},[55,124433,2884],{"class":73},[55,124435,34467],{"class":77},[55,124437,29297],{"class":73},[55,124439,124440,124443,124445],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,124441,124442],{"class":61},"empty ",[55,124444,66],{"class":65},[55,124446,7476],{"class":73},[55,124448,124449,124451,124453,124455,124457,124459],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,124450,34287],{"class":61},[55,124452,66],{"class":65},[55,124454,48502],{"class":850},[55,124456,120],{"class":69},[55,124458,49843],{"class":130},[55,124460,103],{"class":69},[55,124462,124463],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,124464,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,124466,124467,124469,124471,124473],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,124468,117],{"class":116},[55,124470,120],{"class":69},[55,124472,7263],{"class":123},[55,124474,103],{"class":69},[55,124476,124477,124479,124481,124483],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,124478,117],{"class":116},[55,124480,120],{"class":69},[55,124482,89614],{"class":123},[55,124484,103],{"class":69},[55,124486,124487,124489,124491,124494],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,124488,117],{"class":116},[55,124490,120],{"class":69},[55,124492,124493],{"class":123},"empty",[55,124495,103],{"class":69},[55,124497,124498,124500,124502,124504],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,124499,117],{"class":116},[55,124501,120],{"class":69},[55,124503,34308],{"class":123},[55,124505,103],{"class":69},[14,124507,124508,124511,124512,124514],{},[3332,124509,124510],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[52,124513,47281],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[37,124516,14760],{"id":14759},[21,124518,124519,124522,124525,124528,124533],{},[24,124520,124521],{},"What a string is in Python",[24,124523,124524],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[24,124526,124527],{},"How to create an empty string",[24,124529,124530,124531],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[52,124532,47281],{},[24,124534,124535],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[37,124537,124539],{"id":124538},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[14,124541,124542],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[14,124544,124545],{},"Strings can contain:",[21,124547,124548,124551,124553,124556],{},[24,124549,124550],{},"Letters",[24,124552,56058],{},[24,124554,124555],{},"Spaces",[24,124557,124558],{},"Symbols",[14,124560,124561],{},"Examples of strings:",[45,124563,124565],{"className":47,"code":124564,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[52,124566,124567,124575,124583],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124568,124569,124571,124573],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124570,74],{"class":42925},[55,124572,3436],{"class":42929},[55,124574,1288],{"class":42925},[55,124576,124577,124579,124581],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124578,74],{"class":42925},[55,124580,49843],{"class":42929},[55,124582,1288],{"class":42925},[55,124584,124585,124587,124589],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,124586,74],{"class":42925},[55,124588,88739],{"class":42929},[55,124590,1288],{"class":42925},[14,124592,20574,124593,124595],{},[52,124594,49893],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[14,124597,124598,124599,854],{},"You can check the type with ",[52,124600,1887],{},[45,124602,124604],{"className":47,"code":124603,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[52,124605,124606,124618,124627,124631,124645],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124607,124608,124610,124612,124614,124616],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124609,34287],{"class":61},[55,124611,66],{"class":65},[55,124613,86],{"class":73},[55,124615,49843],{"class":77},[55,124617,1288],{"class":73},[55,124619,124620,124622,124624],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124621,1801],{"class":61},[55,124623,66],{"class":65},[55,124625,124626],{"class":130}," 123\n",[55,124628,124629],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,124630,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,124632,124633,124635,124637,124639,124641,124643],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,124634,117],{"class":116},[55,124636,120],{"class":69},[55,124638,1396],{"class":850},[55,124640,120],{"class":69},[55,124642,34308],{"class":123},[55,124644,1357],{"class":69},[55,124646,124647,124649,124651,124653,124655,124657],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,124648,117],{"class":116},[55,124650,120],{"class":69},[55,124652,1396],{"class":850},[55,124654,120],{"class":69},[55,124656,1824],{"class":123},[55,124658,1357],{"class":69},[14,124660,314],{},[45,124662,124664],{"className":47,"code":124663,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[52,124665,124666,124680],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124667,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676,124678],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124669,2878],{"class":65},[55,124671,2881],{"class":1648},[55,124673,2884],{"class":73},[55,124675,3032],{"class":77},[55,124677,2889],{"class":73},[55,124679,2892],{"class":65},[55,124681,124682,124684,124686,124688,124690,124692],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124683,2878],{"class":65},[55,124685,2881],{"class":1648},[55,124687,2884],{"class":73},[55,124689,1772],{"class":77},[55,124691,2889],{"class":73},[55,124693,2892],{"class":65},[14,124695,124696,124697,198],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[194,124698,124699],{"href":50571},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[37,124701,124703],{"id":124702},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[14,124705,124706],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[14,124708,124709],{},"You can use single quotes:",[45,124711,124713],{"className":47,"code":124712,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[52,124714,124715,124728],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124716,124717,124720,124722,124724,124726],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124718,124719],{"class":61},"greeting ",[55,124721,66],{"class":65},[55,124723,2884],{"class":73},[55,124725,3436],{"class":77},[55,124727,29297],{"class":73},[55,124729,124730,124732,124734,124737],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124731,117],{"class":116},[55,124733,120],{"class":69},[55,124735,124736],{"class":123},"greeting",[55,124738,103],{"class":69},[14,124740,124741],{},"Or double quotes:",[45,124743,124745],{"className":47,"code":124744,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[52,124746,124747,124759],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124748,124749,124751,124753,124755,124757],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124750,124719],{"class":61},[55,124752,66],{"class":65},[55,124754,86],{"class":73},[55,124756,3436],{"class":77},[55,124758,1288],{"class":73},[55,124760,124761,124763,124765,124767],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124762,117],{"class":116},[55,124764,120],{"class":69},[55,124766,124736],{"class":123},[55,124768,103],{"class":69},[14,124770,124771],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[14,124773,124774],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[37,124776,124778],{"id":124777},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[14,124780,124781],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[14,124783,124784,124785,2465,124787,854],{},"Use either ",[52,124786,5866],{},[52,124788,3363],{},[45,124790,124792],{"className":47,"code":124791,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[52,124793,124794,124803,124812,124816,124827,124838],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124795,124796,124799,124801],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124797,124798],{"class":61},"empty1 ",[55,124800,66],{"class":65},[55,124802,7476],{"class":73},[55,124804,124805,124808,124810],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124806,124807],{"class":61},"empty2 ",[55,124809,66],{"class":65},[55,124811,47094],{"class":73},[55,124813,124814],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,124815,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,124817,124818,124820,124822,124825],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,124819,117],{"class":116},[55,124821,120],{"class":69},[55,124823,124824],{"class":123},"empty1",[55,124826,103],{"class":69},[55,124828,124829,124831,124833,124836],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,124830,117],{"class":116},[55,124832,120],{"class":69},[55,124834,124835],{"class":123},"empty2",[55,124837,103],{"class":69},[55,124839,124840,124842,124844,124846,124848,124850],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,124841,117],{"class":116},[55,124843,120],{"class":69},[55,124845,1396],{"class":850},[55,124847,120],{"class":69},[55,124849,124824],{"class":123},[55,124851,1357],{"class":69},[14,124853,314],{},[45,124855,124856],{"className":47,"code":45368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,124857,124858],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124859,124860,124862,124864,124866,124868,124870],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124861,2878],{"class":65},[55,124863,2881],{"class":1648},[55,124865,2884],{"class":73},[55,124867,3032],{"class":77},[55,124869,2889],{"class":73},[55,124871,2892],{"class":65},[14,124873,124874],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[37,124876,124878],{"id":124877},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[14,124880,124881],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[14,124883,124884],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[45,124886,124888],{"className":47,"code":124887,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[52,124889,124890,124901,124906,124913,124917],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124891,124892,124894,124896,124899],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124893,89597],{"class":61},[55,124895,66],{"class":65},[55,124897,124898],{"class":73}," \"\"\"",[55,124900,88539],{"class":77},[55,124902,124903],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124904,124905],{"class":77},"Welcome to Python\n",[55,124907,124908,124911],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,124909,124910],{"class":77},"Have a nice day",[55,124912,42933],{"class":73},[55,124914,124915],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,124916,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,124918,124919,124921,124923,124925],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,124920,117],{"class":116},[55,124922,120],{"class":69},[55,124924,89614],{"class":123},[55,124926,103],{"class":69},[14,124928,124929],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[45,124931,124933],{"className":47,"code":124932,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[52,124934,124935,124947,124952,124960,124964],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124936,124937,124939,124941,124944],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,124938,89597],{"class":61},[55,124940,66],{"class":65},[55,124942,124943],{"class":73}," '''",[55,124945,124946],{"class":77},"Line 1\n",[55,124948,124949],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,124950,124951],{"class":77},"Line 2\n",[55,124953,124954,124957],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,124955,124956],{"class":77},"Line 3",[55,124958,124959],{"class":73},"'''\n",[55,124961,124962],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,124963,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,124965,124966,124968,124970,124972],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,124967,117],{"class":116},[55,124969,120],{"class":69},[55,124971,89614],{"class":123},[55,124973,103],{"class":69},[14,124975,124976],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[14,124978,124979],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[37,124981,124983],{"id":124982},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[14,124985,1563,124986,124988],{},[52,124987,47281],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[14,124990,124991],{},"Example with a number:",[45,124993,124995],{"className":47,"code":124994,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,124996,124997,125011,125021],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,124998,124999,125001,125003,125005,125007,125009],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125000,34287],{"class":61},[55,125002,66],{"class":65},[55,125004,48502],{"class":850},[55,125006,120],{"class":69},[55,125008,46124],{"class":130},[55,125010,103],{"class":69},[55,125012,125013,125015,125017,125019],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125014,117],{"class":116},[55,125016,120],{"class":69},[55,125018,34308],{"class":123},[55,125020,103],{"class":69},[55,125022,125023,125025,125027,125029,125031,125033],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125024,117],{"class":116},[55,125026,120],{"class":69},[55,125028,1396],{"class":850},[55,125030,120],{"class":69},[55,125032,34308],{"class":123},[55,125034,1357],{"class":69},[14,125036,314],{},[45,125038,125040],{"className":47,"code":125039,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,125041,125042,125046],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125043,125044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125045,46210],{"class":130},[55,125047,125048,125050,125052,125054,125056,125058],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125049,2878],{"class":65},[55,125051,2881],{"class":1648},[55,125053,2884],{"class":73},[55,125055,3032],{"class":77},[55,125057,2889],{"class":73},[55,125059,2892],{"class":65},[14,125061,125062],{},"You can also convert other values:",[45,125064,125066],{"className":47,"code":125065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[52,125067,125068,125082],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125069,125070,125072,125074,125076,125078,125080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125071,117],{"class":116},[55,125073,120],{"class":69},[55,125075,3032],{"class":850},[55,125077,120],{"class":69},[55,125079,3194],{"class":3443},[55,125081,1357],{"class":69},[55,125083,125084,125086,125088,125090,125092,125094],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125085,117],{"class":116},[55,125087,120],{"class":69},[55,125089,3032],{"class":850},[55,125091,120],{"class":69},[55,125093,39739],{"class":130},[55,125095,1357],{"class":69},[14,125097,125098],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[45,125100,125102],{"className":47,"code":125101,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[52,125103,125104,125112,125134,125138],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125105,125106,125108,125110],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125107,21225],{"class":61},[55,125109,66],{"class":65},[55,125111,44823],{"class":130},[55,125113,125114,125116,125118,125120,125122,125124,125126,125128,125130,125132],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125115,89597],{"class":61},[55,125117,66],{"class":65},[55,125119,86],{"class":73},[55,125121,89015],{"class":77},[55,125123,74],{"class":73},[55,125125,2039],{"class":65},[55,125127,48502],{"class":850},[55,125129,120],{"class":69},[55,125131,8896],{"class":123},[55,125133,103],{"class":69},[55,125135,125136],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125137,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,125139,125140,125142,125144,125146],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,125141,117],{"class":116},[55,125143,120],{"class":69},[55,125145,89614],{"class":123},[55,125147,103],{"class":69},[14,125149,125150,125151,2465,125155,198],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[194,125152,3165,125153,3098],{"href":41772},[52,125154,47281],{},[194,125156,125157],{"href":122869},"how to convert int to string in Python",[37,125159,125161],{"id":125160},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[14,125163,125164],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[14,125166,125167],{},"Both of these are valid:",[45,125169,125171],{"className":47,"code":125170,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[52,125172,125173,125185],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125174,125175,125177,125179,125181,125183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125176,2141],{"class":61},[55,125178,66],{"class":65},[55,125180,2884],{"class":73},[55,125182,6891],{"class":77},[55,125184,29297],{"class":73},[55,125186,125187,125189,125191,125193,125195],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125188,2169],{"class":61},[55,125190,66],{"class":65},[55,125192,86],{"class":73},[55,125194,6891],{"class":77},[55,125196,1288],{"class":73},[14,125198,125199],{},"A common rule is:",[21,125201,125202,125205,125208],{},[24,125203,125204],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[24,125206,125207],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[24,125209,125210],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[14,125212,233],{},[45,125214,125216],{"className":47,"code":125215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[52,125217,125218,125232,125246,125250,125261],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125219,125220,125223,125225,125227,125230],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125221,125222],{"class":61},"text1 ",[55,125224,66],{"class":65},[55,125226,86],{"class":73},[55,125228,125229],{"class":77},"It's working",[55,125231,1288],{"class":73},[55,125233,125234,125237,125239,125241,125244],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125235,125236],{"class":61},"text2 ",[55,125238,66],{"class":65},[55,125240,2884],{"class":73},[55,125242,125243],{"class":77},"She said \"hello\"",[55,125245,29297],{"class":73},[55,125247,125248],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125249,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,125251,125252,125254,125256,125259],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,125253,117],{"class":116},[55,125255,120],{"class":69},[55,125257,125258],{"class":123},"text1",[55,125260,103],{"class":69},[55,125262,125263,125265,125267,125270],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,125264,117],{"class":116},[55,125266,120],{"class":69},[55,125268,125269],{"class":123},"text2",[55,125271,103],{"class":69},[14,125273,125274],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[37,125276,125278],{"id":125277},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[14,125280,125281],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[14,125283,125284],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[45,125286,125288],{"className":47,"code":125287,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[52,125289,125290,125295],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125291,125292],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125293,125294],{"class":137},"# This will cause an error\n",[55,125296,125297],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125298,125299],{"class":137},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[14,125301,125302,125303,34930,125305,125308],{},"Python sees the second ",[52,125304,2889],{},[52,125306,125307],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[14,125310,125311],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[45,125313,125315],{"className":47,"code":125314,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[52,125316,125317,125336],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125318,125319,125321,125323,125325,125328,125331,125334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125320,34287],{"class":61},[55,125322,66],{"class":65},[55,125324,2884],{"class":73},[55,125326,125327],{"class":77},"It",[55,125329,125330],{"class":844},"\\'",[55,125332,125333],{"class":77},"s working",[55,125335,29297],{"class":73},[55,125337,125338,125340,125342,125344],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125339,117],{"class":116},[55,125341,120],{"class":69},[55,125343,34308],{"class":123},[55,125345,103],{"class":69},[14,125347,125348],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[45,125350,125352],{"className":47,"code":125351,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[52,125353,125354,125366],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125355,125356,125358,125360,125362,125364],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125357,34287],{"class":61},[55,125359,66],{"class":65},[55,125361,86],{"class":73},[55,125363,125229],{"class":77},[55,125365,1288],{"class":73},[55,125367,125368,125370,125372,125374],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125369,117],{"class":116},[55,125371,120],{"class":69},[55,125373,34308],{"class":123},[55,125375,103],{"class":69},[14,125377,125378],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[14,125380,125381,125382,198],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[194,125383,125385],{"href":125384},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[37,125387,1298],{"id":1297},[14,125389,125390],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[1425,125392,89804],{"id":89803},[14,125394,125395],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[45,125397,125399],{"className":47,"code":125398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[52,125400,125401,125405],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125402,125403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125404,125294],{"class":137},[55,125406,125407],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125408,125409],{"class":137},"# name = Alice\n",[14,125411,125412,125413,8197,125416,125418],{},"Python may raise a ",[52,125414,125415],{},"NameError",[52,125417,4595],{}," is not defined.",[14,125420,10406],{},[45,125422,125424],{"className":47,"code":125423,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[52,125425,125426,125438],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125427,125428,125430,125432,125434,125436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125429,7471],{"class":61},[55,125431,66],{"class":65},[55,125433,86],{"class":73},[55,125435,4595],{"class":77},[55,125437,1288],{"class":73},[55,125439,125440,125442,125444,125446],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125441,117],{"class":116},[55,125443,120],{"class":69},[55,125445,7263],{"class":123},[55,125447,103],{"class":69},[1425,125449,125451],{"id":125450},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[14,125453,125454],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[45,125456,125458],{"className":47,"code":125457,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[52,125459,125460,125464],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125461,125462],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125463,125294],{"class":137},[55,125465,125466],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125467,125468],{"class":137},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[14,125470,125471],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[45,125473,125475],{"className":47,"code":125474,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[52,125476,125477,125494,125507,125511,125521],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125478,125479,125481,125483,125485,125487,125489,125492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125480,125222],{"class":61},[55,125482,66],{"class":65},[55,125484,2884],{"class":73},[55,125486,125327],{"class":77},[55,125488,125330],{"class":844},[55,125490,125491],{"class":77},"s good",[55,125493,29297],{"class":73},[55,125495,125496,125498,125500,125502,125505],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125497,125236],{"class":61},[55,125499,66],{"class":65},[55,125501,86],{"class":73},[55,125503,125504],{"class":77},"It's good",[55,125506,1288],{"class":73},[55,125508,125509],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125510,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,125512,125513,125515,125517,125519],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,125514,117],{"class":116},[55,125516,120],{"class":69},[55,125518,125258],{"class":123},[55,125520,103],{"class":69},[55,125522,125523,125525,125527,125529],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,125524,117],{"class":116},[55,125526,120],{"class":69},[55,125528,125269],{"class":123},[55,125530,103],{"class":69},[1425,125532,125534],{"id":125533},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[14,125536,125537],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[45,125539,125541],{"className":47,"code":125540,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[52,125542,125543,125555],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125544,125545,125547,125549,125551,125553],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125546,34287],{"class":61},[55,125548,66],{"class":65},[55,125550,124898],{"class":73},[55,125552,3436],{"class":77},[55,125554,42933],{"class":73},[55,125556,125557,125559,125561,125563],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125558,117],{"class":116},[55,125560,120],{"class":69},[55,125562,34308],{"class":123},[55,125564,103],{"class":69},[14,125566,125567],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[45,125569,125571],{"className":47,"code":125570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[52,125572,125573,125585],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125574,125575,125577,125579,125581,125583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125576,34287],{"class":61},[55,125578,66],{"class":65},[55,125580,86],{"class":73},[55,125582,3436],{"class":77},[55,125584,1288],{"class":73},[55,125586,125587,125589,125591,125593],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125588,117],{"class":116},[55,125590,120],{"class":69},[55,125592,34308],{"class":123},[55,125594,103],{"class":69},[1425,125596,4170,125598,3983,125600,125602],{"id":125597},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[52,125599,49843],{},[52,125601,49893],{}," are the same type",[14,125604,125605],{},"They are different:",[45,125607,125609],{"className":47,"code":125608,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[52,125610,125611,125620,125633,125637,125651],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125612,125613,125616,125618],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125614,125615],{"class":61},"value1 ",[55,125617,66],{"class":65},[55,125619,124626],{"class":130},[55,125621,125622,125625,125627,125629,125631],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125623,125624],{"class":61},"value2 ",[55,125626,66],{"class":65},[55,125628,86],{"class":73},[55,125630,49843],{"class":77},[55,125632,1288],{"class":73},[55,125634,125635],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125636,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,125638,125639,125641,125643,125645,125647,125649],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,125640,117],{"class":116},[55,125642,120],{"class":69},[55,125644,1396],{"class":850},[55,125646,120],{"class":69},[55,125648,84360],{"class":123},[55,125650,1357],{"class":69},[55,125652,125653,125655,125657,125659,125661,125664],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,125654,117],{"class":116},[55,125656,120],{"class":69},[55,125658,1396],{"class":850},[55,125660,120],{"class":69},[55,125662,125663],{"class":123},"value2",[55,125665,1357],{"class":69},[14,125667,314],{},[45,125669,125671],{"className":47,"code":125670,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,125672,125673,125687],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125674,125675,125677,125679,125681,125683,125685],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125676,2878],{"class":65},[55,125678,2881],{"class":1648},[55,125680,2884],{"class":73},[55,125682,1772],{"class":77},[55,125684,2889],{"class":73},[55,125686,2892],{"class":65},[55,125688,125689,125691,125693,125695,125697,125699],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125690,2878],{"class":65},[55,125692,2881],{"class":1648},[55,125694,2884],{"class":73},[55,125696,3032],{"class":77},[55,125698,2889],{"class":73},[55,125700,2892],{"class":65},[1425,125702,125704],{"id":125703},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[14,125706,125707],{},"This causes a type error:",[45,125709,125711],{"className":47,"code":125710,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[52,125712,125713,125717,125722],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125714,125715],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125716,125294],{"class":137},[55,125718,125719],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125720,125721],{"class":137},"# age = 10\n",[55,125723,125724],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125725,125726],{"class":137},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[14,125728,125729,125730,854],{},"Fix it with ",[52,125731,47281],{},[45,125733,125735],{"className":47,"code":125734,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[52,125736,125737,125745,125767,125771],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125738,125739,125741,125743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125740,21225],{"class":61},[55,125742,66],{"class":65},[55,125744,2174],{"class":130},[55,125746,125747,125749,125751,125753,125755,125757,125759,125761,125763,125765],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125748,89597],{"class":61},[55,125750,66],{"class":65},[55,125752,86],{"class":73},[55,125754,89015],{"class":77},[55,125756,74],{"class":73},[55,125758,2039],{"class":65},[55,125760,48502],{"class":850},[55,125762,120],{"class":69},[55,125764,8896],{"class":123},[55,125766,103],{"class":69},[55,125768,125769],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125770,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,125772,125773,125775,125777,125779],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,125774,117],{"class":116},[55,125776,120],{"class":69},[55,125778,89614],{"class":123},[55,125780,103],{"class":69},[14,125782,125783,125784,198],{},"For this specific error, see ",[194,125785,89996],{"href":89995},[1425,125787,60307],{"id":60306},[14,125789,125790],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[45,125792,125794],{"className":47,"code":125793,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[52,125795,125796,125808,125812,125822,125836],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,125797,125798,125800,125802,125804,125806],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,125799,34287],{"class":61},[55,125801,66],{"class":65},[55,125803,86],{"class":73},[55,125805,3436],{"class":77},[55,125807,1288],{"class":73},[55,125809,125810],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,125811,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,125813,125814,125816,125818,125820],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,125815,117],{"class":116},[55,125817,120],{"class":69},[55,125819,34308],{"class":123},[55,125821,103],{"class":69},[55,125823,125824,125826,125828,125830,125832,125834],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,125825,117],{"class":116},[55,125827,120],{"class":69},[55,125829,1396],{"class":850},[55,125831,120],{"class":69},[55,125833,34308],{"class":123},[55,125835,1357],{"class":69},[55,125837,125838,125840,125842,125844,125846,125848],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,125839,117],{"class":116},[55,125841,120],{"class":69},[55,125843,41376],{"class":116},[55,125845,120],{"class":69},[55,125847,34308],{"class":123},[55,125849,1357],{"class":69},[21,125851,125852,125857,125862],{},[24,125853,125854,45876],{},[52,125855,125856],{},"print(text)",[24,125858,125859,45881],{},[52,125860,125861],{},"print(type(text))",[24,125863,125864,125867],{},[52,125865,125866],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[37,125869,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,125871,125873],{"id":125872},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[14,125875,125876,125877,2465,125880,198],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[52,125878,125879],{},"'hello'",[52,125881,64130],{},[1425,125883,125885],{"id":125884},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[14,125887,125888],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[1425,125890,125892],{"id":125891},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[14,125894,1440,125895,2465,125897,198],{},[52,125896,5866],{},[52,125898,3363],{},[1425,125900,125902],{"id":125901},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[14,125904,1440,125905,125907,125908,125910,125911,198],{},[52,125906,47281],{},", like ",[52,125909,79970],{},", which returns ",[52,125912,41723],{},[1425,125914,125916],{"id":125915},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[14,125918,125919],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[37,125921,1495],{"id":1494},[21,125923,125924,125928,125934,125939,125948,125952],{},[24,125925,125926],{},[194,125927,124699],{"href":50571},[24,125929,125930],{},[194,125931,3165,125932,3098],{"href":41772},[52,125933,47281],{},[24,125935,125936],{},[194,125937,125938],{"href":122869},"How to convert int to string in Python",[24,125940,125941],{},[194,125942,125944,125945,10339],{"href":125943},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[52,125946,125947],{},"format()",[24,125949,125950],{},[194,125951,125385],{"href":125384},[24,125953,125954],{},[194,125955,89996],{"href":89995},[1524,125957,125958],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":125960},[125961,125962,125963,125964,125965,125966,125967,125968,125969,125978,125985],{"id":14759,"depth":106,"text":14760},{"id":124538,"depth":106,"text":124539},{"id":124702,"depth":106,"text":124703},{"id":124777,"depth":106,"text":124778},{"id":124877,"depth":106,"text":124878},{"id":124982,"depth":106,"text":124983},{"id":125160,"depth":106,"text":125161},{"id":125277,"depth":106,"text":125278},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":125970},[125971,125972,125973,125974,125976,125977],{"id":89803,"depth":113,"text":89804},{"id":125450,"depth":113,"text":125451},{"id":125533,"depth":113,"text":125534},{"id":125597,"depth":113,"text":125975},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125703,"depth":113,"text":125704},{"id":60306,"depth":113,"text":60307},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":125979},[125980,125981,125982,125983,125984],{"id":125872,"depth":113,"text":125873},{"id":125884,"depth":113,"text":125885},{"id":125891,"depth":113,"text":125892},{"id":125901,"depth":113,"text":125902},{"id":125915,"depth":113,"text":125916},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124400,"description":125986},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125993,"title":125994,"body":125995,"description":127909,"extension":1546,"meta":127910,"navigation":109,"path":127911,"seo":127912,"stem":127913,"__hash__":127914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125996,"toc":127870},[125997,126003,126008,126016,126018,126085,126087,126099,126108,126113,126117,126134,126136,126201,126203,126215,126220,126222,126250,126271,126274,126313,126315,126323,126327,126331,126335,126343,126346,126387,126389,126397,126400,126457,126459,126467,126471,126476,126520,126522,126530,126539,126543,126548,126596,126598,126606,126612,126614,126618,126630,126635,126714,126716,126736,126740,126744,126784,126786,126794,126798,126841,126843,126851,126855,126895,126897,126905,126909,126965,126967,126975,126981,126983,126987,126997,127064,127066,127079,127086,127129,127131,127139,127143,127146,127202,127204,127212,127215,127217,127294,127296,127304,127313,127315,127319,127323,127325,127347,127350,127397,127401,127440,127442,127450,127452,127494,127501,127506,127568,127570,127582,127588,127593,127642,127644,127663,127669,127671,127690,127692,127783,127785,127791,127798,127804,127810,127815,127824,127831,127839,127841,127867],[10,125998,122944,126000,10920],{"id":125999},"python-string-endswith-method",[52,126001,126002],{},"endswith()",[14,126004,122949,126005,126007],{},[52,126006,126002],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[14,126009,126010,126011,2465,126013,126015],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[52,126012,3194],{},[52,126014,3261],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[37,126017,1588],{"id":1587},[45,126019,126021],{"className":47,"code":126020,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[52,126022,126023,126037,126062],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126024,126025,126028,126030,126032,126035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126026,126027],{"class":61},"filename ",[55,126029,66],{"class":65},[55,126031,86],{"class":73},[55,126033,126034],{"class":77},"report.csv",[55,126036,1288],{"class":73},[55,126038,126039,126041,126043,126046,126048,126051,126053,126055,126058,126060],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126040,117],{"class":116},[55,126042,120],{"class":69},[55,126044,126045],{"class":123},"filename",[55,126047,198],{"class":69},[55,126049,126050],{"class":123},"endswith",[55,126052,120],{"class":69},[55,126054,74],{"class":73},[55,126056,126057],{"class":77},".csv",[55,126059,74],{"class":73},[55,126061,1357],{"class":69},[55,126063,126064,126066,126068,126070,126072,126074,126076,126078,126081,126083],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,126065,117],{"class":116},[55,126067,120],{"class":69},[55,126069,126045],{"class":123},[55,126071,198],{"class":69},[55,126073,126050],{"class":123},[55,126075,120],{"class":69},[55,126077,74],{"class":73},[55,126079,126080],{"class":77},".txt",[55,126082,74],{"class":73},[55,126084,1357],{"class":69},[14,126086,314],{},[45,126088,126089],{"className":47,"code":43771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126090,126091,126095],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126092,126093],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126094,3570],{"class":3443},[55,126096,126097],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126098,3631],{"class":3443},[14,126100,1440,126101,4961,126103,2465,126105,126107],{},[52,126102,126002],{},[52,126104,3194],{},[52,126106,3261],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[37,126109,3265,126111,3268],{"id":126110},"what-endswith-does",[52,126112,126002],{},[14,126114,126115,854],{},[52,126116,126002],{},[21,126118,126119,126122,126128,126131],{},[24,126120,126121],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[24,126123,11022,126124,2465,126126],{},[52,126125,3194],{},[52,126127,3261],{},[24,126129,126130],{},"Does not change the original string",[24,126132,126133],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[14,126135,233],{},[45,126137,126139],{"className":47,"code":126138,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[52,126140,126141,126153,126157,126179],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126142,126143,126145,126147,126149,126151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126144,34287],{"class":61},[55,126146,66],{"class":65},[55,126148,86],{"class":73},[55,126150,60003],{"class":77},[55,126152,1288],{"class":73},[55,126154,126155],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126156,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,126158,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173,126175,126177],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,126160,117],{"class":116},[55,126162,120],{"class":69},[55,126164,34308],{"class":123},[55,126166,198],{"class":69},[55,126168,126050],{"class":123},[55,126170,120],{"class":69},[55,126172,74],{"class":73},[55,126174,60188],{"class":77},[55,126176,74],{"class":73},[55,126178,1357],{"class":69},[55,126180,126181,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193,126195,126197,126199],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,126182,117],{"class":116},[55,126184,120],{"class":69},[55,126186,34308],{"class":123},[55,126188,198],{"class":69},[55,126190,126050],{"class":123},[55,126192,120],{"class":69},[55,126194,74],{"class":73},[55,126196,3436],{"class":77},[55,126198,74],{"class":73},[55,126200,1357],{"class":69},[14,126202,314],{},[45,126204,126205],{"className":47,"code":43771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126206,126207,126211],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126208,126209],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126210,3570],{"class":3443},[55,126212,126213],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126214,3631],{"class":3443},[14,126216,126217,126218,198],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[194,126219,124699],{"href":50571},[37,126221,1740],{"id":1739},[45,126223,126225],{"className":47,"code":126224,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[52,126226,126227],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126228,126229,126231,126233,126235,126237,126240,126242,126244,126246,126248],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126230,60770],{"class":61},[55,126232,198],{"class":69},[55,126234,126050],{"class":123},[55,126236,120],{"class":69},[55,126238,126239],{"class":123},"suffix",[55,126241,83],{"class":69},[55,126243,35650],{"class":123},[55,126245,83],{"class":69},[55,126247,64636],{"class":123},[55,126249,103],{"class":69},[21,126251,126252,126257,126264],{},[24,126253,126254,126256],{},[52,126255,126239],{}," is required",[24,126258,126259,3983,126261,126263],{},[52,126260,35671],{},[52,126262,52256],{}," are optional",[24,126265,126266,3983,126268,126270],{},[52,126267,35671],{},[52,126269,52256],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[14,126272,126273],{},"Basic example:",[45,126275,126277],{"className":47,"code":126276,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[52,126278,126279,126291],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126280,126281,126283,126285,126287,126289],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126282,126027],{"class":61},[55,126284,66],{"class":65},[55,126286,86],{"class":73},[55,126288,86485],{"class":77},[55,126290,1288],{"class":73},[55,126292,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126294,117],{"class":116},[55,126296,120],{"class":69},[55,126298,126045],{"class":123},[55,126300,198],{"class":69},[55,126302,126050],{"class":123},[55,126304,120],{"class":69},[55,126306,74],{"class":73},[55,126308,126080],{"class":77},[55,126310,74],{"class":73},[55,126312,1357],{"class":69},[14,126314,314],{},[45,126316,126317],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126318,126319],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126320,126321],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126322,3570],{"class":3443},[37,126324,126326],{"id":126325},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[1425,126328,126329],{"id":126239},[52,126330,126239],{},[14,126332,126333,30348],{},[52,126334,126239],{},[21,126336,126337,126340],{},[24,126338,126339],{},"A single string",[24,126341,126342],{},"A tuple of strings",[14,126344,126345],{},"Single suffix:",[45,126347,126349],{"className":47,"code":126348,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[52,126350,126351,126364],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126352,126353,126355,126357,126359,126362],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126354,7471],{"class":61},[55,126356,66],{"class":65},[55,126358,86],{"class":73},[55,126360,126361],{"class":77},"image.png",[55,126363,1288],{"class":73},[55,126365,126366,126368,126370,126372,126374,126376,126378,126380,126383,126385],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126367,117],{"class":116},[55,126369,120],{"class":69},[55,126371,7263],{"class":123},[55,126373,198],{"class":69},[55,126375,126050],{"class":123},[55,126377,120],{"class":69},[55,126379,74],{"class":73},[55,126381,126382],{"class":77},".png",[55,126384,74],{"class":73},[55,126386,1357],{"class":69},[14,126388,314],{},[45,126390,126391],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126392,126393],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126394,126395],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126396,3570],{"class":3443},[14,126398,126399],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[45,126401,126403],{"className":47,"code":126402,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[52,126404,126405,126417],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126406,126407,126409,126411,126413,126415],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126408,7471],{"class":61},[55,126410,66],{"class":65},[55,126412,86],{"class":73},[55,126414,126361],{"class":77},[55,126416,1288],{"class":73},[55,126418,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429,126431,126433,126436,126438,126440,126442,126444,126446,126448,126450,126453,126455],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126420,117],{"class":116},[55,126422,120],{"class":69},[55,126424,7263],{"class":123},[55,126426,198],{"class":69},[55,126428,126050],{"class":123},[55,126430,5103],{"class":69},[55,126432,74],{"class":73},[55,126434,126435],{"class":77},".jpg",[55,126437,74],{"class":73},[55,126439,83],{"class":69},[55,126441,86],{"class":73},[55,126443,126382],{"class":77},[55,126445,74],{"class":73},[55,126447,83],{"class":69},[55,126449,86],{"class":73},[55,126451,126452],{"class":77},".gif",[55,126454,74],{"class":73},[55,126456,2499],{"class":69},[14,126458,314],{},[45,126460,126461],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126462,126463],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126464,126465],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126466,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,126468,126469],{"id":35671},[52,126470,35671],{},[14,126472,126473,126475],{},[52,126474,35671],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[45,126477,126479],{"className":47,"code":126478,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[52,126480,126481,126494],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126482,126483,126485,126487,126489,126492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126484,34287],{"class":61},[55,126486,66],{"class":65},[55,126488,86],{"class":73},[55,126490,126491],{"class":77},"my_report.csv",[55,126493,1288],{"class":73},[55,126495,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506,126508,126510,126512,126514,126516,126518],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126497,117],{"class":116},[55,126499,120],{"class":69},[55,126501,34308],{"class":123},[55,126503,198],{"class":69},[55,126505,126050],{"class":123},[55,126507,120],{"class":69},[55,126509,74],{"class":73},[55,126511,126057],{"class":77},[55,126513,74],{"class":73},[55,126515,83],{"class":69},[55,126517,2036],{"class":130},[55,126519,1357],{"class":69},[14,126521,314],{},[45,126523,126524],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126525,126526],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126527,126528],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126529,3570],{"class":3443},[14,126531,126532,126533,126535,126536,198],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[52,126534,609],{}," onward, which is ",[52,126537,126538],{},"\"report.csv\"",[1425,126540,126541],{"id":52256},[52,126542,52256],{},[14,126544,126545,126547],{},[52,126546,52256],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[45,126549,126551],{"className":47,"code":126550,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[52,126552,126553,126566],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126554,126555,126557,126559,126561,126564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126556,34287],{"class":61},[55,126558,66],{"class":65},[55,126560,86],{"class":73},[55,126562,126563],{"class":77},"report.csv backup",[55,126565,1288],{"class":73},[55,126567,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590,126592,126594],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126569,117],{"class":116},[55,126571,120],{"class":69},[55,126573,34308],{"class":123},[55,126575,198],{"class":69},[55,126577,126050],{"class":123},[55,126579,120],{"class":69},[55,126581,74],{"class":73},[55,126583,126057],{"class":77},[55,126585,74],{"class":73},[55,126587,83],{"class":69},[55,126589,3424],{"class":130},[55,126591,83],{"class":69},[55,126593,5598],{"class":130},[55,126595,1357],{"class":69},[14,126597,314],{},[45,126599,126600],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126601,126602],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126603,126604],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126605,3570],{"class":3443},[14,126607,126608,126609,126611],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[52,126610,126538],{}," and ignores the rest.",[37,126613,17017],{"id":17016},[14,126615,126616,25106],{},[52,126617,126002],{},[21,126619,126620,126625],{},[24,126621,126622,126624],{},[52,126623,3194],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[24,126626,126627,126629],{},[52,126628,3261],{}," if it does not",[14,126631,126632,126633,6766],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[52,126634,960],{},[45,126636,126638],{"className":47,"code":126637,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[52,126639,126640,126653,126657,126678,126693,126699],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126641,126642,126644,126646,126648,126651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126643,126027],{"class":61},[55,126645,66],{"class":65},[55,126647,86],{"class":73},[55,126649,126650],{"class":77},"data.csv",[55,126652,1288],{"class":73},[55,126654,126655],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126656,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,126658,126659,126661,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,126660,960],{"class":959},[55,126662,126663],{"class":61}," filename",[55,126665,198],{"class":69},[55,126667,126050],{"class":123},[55,126669,120],{"class":69},[55,126671,74],{"class":73},[55,126673,126057],{"class":77},[55,126675,74],{"class":73},[55,126677,839],{"class":69},[55,126679,126680,126682,126684,126686,126689,126691],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,126681,985],{"class":116},[55,126683,120],{"class":69},[55,126685,74],{"class":73},[55,126687,126688],{"class":77},"This is a CSV file.",[55,126690,74],{"class":73},[55,126692,103],{"class":69},[55,126694,126695,126697],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,126696,27030],{"class":959},[55,126698,979],{"class":69},[55,126700,126701,126703,126705,126707,126710,126712],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,126702,985],{"class":116},[55,126704,120],{"class":69},[55,126706,74],{"class":73},[55,126708,126709],{"class":77},"This is not a CSV file.",[55,126711,74],{"class":73},[55,126713,103],{"class":69},[14,126715,314],{},[45,126717,126719],{"className":47,"code":126718,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"This is a CSV file.\n",[52,126720,126721],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126722,126723,126725,126727,126729,126732,126734],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126724,49477],{"class":61},[55,126726,11793],{"class":65},[55,126728,44142],{"class":61},[55,126730,126731],{"class":844},"CSV",[55,126733,86226],{"class":86225},[55,126735,121976],{"class":69},[37,126737,126739],{"id":126738},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[1425,126741,126743],{"id":126742},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[45,126745,126747],{"className":47,"code":126746,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[52,126748,126749,126762],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126750,126751,126753,126755,126757,126760],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126752,126027],{"class":61},[55,126754,66],{"class":65},[55,126756,86],{"class":73},[55,126758,126759],{"class":77},"sales.csv",[55,126761,1288],{"class":73},[55,126763,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126765,117],{"class":116},[55,126767,120],{"class":69},[55,126769,126045],{"class":123},[55,126771,198],{"class":69},[55,126773,126050],{"class":123},[55,126775,120],{"class":69},[55,126777,74],{"class":73},[55,126779,126057],{"class":77},[55,126781,74],{"class":73},[55,126783,1357],{"class":69},[14,126785,314],{},[45,126787,126788],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126789,126790],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126791,126792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126793,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,126795,126797],{"id":126796},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[45,126799,126801],{"className":47,"code":126800,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[52,126802,126803,126817],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126804,126805,126808,126810,126812,126815],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126806,126807],{"class":61},"url ",[55,126809,66],{"class":65},[55,126811,86],{"class":73},[55,126813,126814],{"class":77},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[55,126816,1288],{"class":73},[55,126818,126819,126821,126823,126826,126828,126830,126832,126834,126837,126839],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126820,117],{"class":116},[55,126822,120],{"class":69},[55,126824,126825],{"class":123},"url",[55,126827,198],{"class":69},[55,126829,126050],{"class":123},[55,126831,120],{"class":69},[55,126833,74],{"class":73},[55,126835,126836],{"class":77},"\u002F",[55,126838,74],{"class":73},[55,126840,1357],{"class":69},[14,126842,314],{},[45,126844,126845],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126846,126847],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126848,126849],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126850,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,126852,126854],{"id":126853},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[45,126856,126858],{"className":47,"code":126857,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[52,126859,126860,126873],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126861,126862,126864,126866,126868,126871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126863,89597],{"class":61},[55,126865,66],{"class":65},[55,126867,86],{"class":73},[55,126869,126870],{"class":77},"Hello!",[55,126872,1288],{"class":73},[55,126874,126875,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889,126891,126893],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126876,117],{"class":116},[55,126878,120],{"class":69},[55,126880,89614],{"class":123},[55,126882,198],{"class":69},[55,126884,126050],{"class":123},[55,126886,120],{"class":69},[55,126888,74],{"class":73},[55,126890,89438],{"class":77},[55,126892,74],{"class":73},[55,126894,1357],{"class":69},[14,126896,314],{},[45,126898,126899],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126900,126901],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126902,126903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126904,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,126906,126908],{"id":126907},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[45,126910,126912],{"className":47,"code":126911,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[52,126913,126914,126927],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126915,126916,126918,126920,126922,126925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126917,126027],{"class":61},[55,126919,66],{"class":65},[55,126921,86],{"class":73},[55,126923,126924],{"class":77},"photo.jpg",[55,126926,1288],{"class":73},[55,126928,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959,126961,126963],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,126930,117],{"class":116},[55,126932,120],{"class":69},[55,126934,126045],{"class":123},[55,126936,198],{"class":69},[55,126938,126050],{"class":123},[55,126940,5103],{"class":69},[55,126942,74],{"class":73},[55,126944,126435],{"class":77},[55,126946,74],{"class":73},[55,126948,83],{"class":69},[55,126950,86],{"class":73},[55,126952,126382],{"class":77},[55,126954,74],{"class":73},[55,126956,83],{"class":69},[55,126958,86],{"class":73},[55,126960,126452],{"class":77},[55,126962,74],{"class":73},[55,126964,2499],{"class":69},[14,126966,314],{},[45,126968,126969],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,126970,126971],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,126972,126973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,126974,3570],{"class":3443},[14,126976,126977,126978,198],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[194,126979,126980],{"href":123199},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[37,126982,123591],{"id":123590},[14,126984,126985,123402],{},[52,126986,126002],{},[14,126988,126989,126990,3983,126993,126996],{},"That means ",[52,126991,126992],{},"\".CSV\"",[52,126994,126995],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[45,126998,127000],{"className":47,"code":126999,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[52,127001,127002,127015,127019,127041],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127003,127004,127006,127008,127010,127013],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127005,126027],{"class":61},[55,127007,66],{"class":65},[55,127009,86],{"class":73},[55,127011,127012],{"class":77},"REPORT.CSV",[55,127014,1288],{"class":73},[55,127016,127017],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127018,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,127020,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035,127037,127039],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,127022,117],{"class":116},[55,127024,120],{"class":69},[55,127026,126045],{"class":123},[55,127028,198],{"class":69},[55,127030,126050],{"class":123},[55,127032,120],{"class":69},[55,127034,74],{"class":73},[55,127036,126057],{"class":77},[55,127038,74],{"class":73},[55,127040,1357],{"class":69},[55,127042,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057,127060,127062],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,127044,117],{"class":116},[55,127046,120],{"class":69},[55,127048,126045],{"class":123},[55,127050,198],{"class":69},[55,127052,126050],{"class":123},[55,127054,120],{"class":69},[55,127056,74],{"class":73},[55,127058,127059],{"class":77},".CSV",[55,127061,74],{"class":73},[55,127063,1357],{"class":69},[14,127065,314],{},[45,127067,127069],{"className":47,"code":127068,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"False\nTrue\n",[52,127070,127071,127075],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127072,127073],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127074,3631],{"class":3443},[55,127076,127077],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127078,3570],{"class":3443},[14,127080,127081,127082,198],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[194,127083,127084],{"href":123671},[52,127085,123674],{},[45,127087,127089],{"className":47,"code":127088,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[52,127090,127091,127103],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127092,127093,127095,127097,127099,127101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127094,126027],{"class":61},[55,127096,66],{"class":65},[55,127098,86],{"class":73},[55,127100,127012],{"class":77},[55,127102,1288],{"class":73},[55,127104,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123,127125,127127],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127106,117],{"class":116},[55,127108,120],{"class":69},[55,127110,126045],{"class":123},[55,127112,198],{"class":69},[55,127114,8236],{"class":123},[55,127116,8233],{"class":69},[55,127118,126050],{"class":123},[55,127120,120],{"class":69},[55,127122,74],{"class":73},[55,127124,126057],{"class":77},[55,127126,74],{"class":73},[55,127128,1357],{"class":69},[14,127130,314],{},[45,127132,127133],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,127134,127135],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127136,127137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127138,3570],{"class":3443},[37,127140,127142],{"id":127141},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[14,127144,127145],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[45,127147,127149],{"className":47,"code":127148,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[52,127150,127151,127164],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127152,127153,127155,127157,127159,127162],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127154,126027],{"class":61},[55,127156,66],{"class":65},[55,127158,86],{"class":73},[55,127160,127161],{"class":77},"picture.gif",[55,127163,1288],{"class":73},[55,127165,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196,127198,127200],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127167,117],{"class":116},[55,127169,120],{"class":69},[55,127171,126045],{"class":123},[55,127173,198],{"class":69},[55,127175,126050],{"class":123},[55,127177,5103],{"class":69},[55,127179,74],{"class":73},[55,127181,126435],{"class":77},[55,127183,74],{"class":73},[55,127185,83],{"class":69},[55,127187,86],{"class":73},[55,127189,126382],{"class":77},[55,127191,74],{"class":73},[55,127193,83],{"class":69},[55,127195,86],{"class":73},[55,127197,126452],{"class":77},[55,127199,74],{"class":73},[55,127201,2499],{"class":69},[14,127203,314],{},[45,127205,127206],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,127207,127208],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127209,127210],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127211,3570],{"class":3443},[14,127213,127214],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[14,127216,51675],{},[45,127218,127220],{"className":47,"code":127219,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[52,127221,127222,127235,127270,127274],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127223,127224,127227,127229,127231,127233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127225,127226],{"class":61},"document ",[55,127228,66],{"class":65},[55,127230,86],{"class":73},[55,127232,86485],{"class":77},[55,127234,1288],{"class":73},[55,127236,127237,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127250,127252,127254,127257,127259,127261,127263,127266,127268],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127238,127239],{"class":61},"allowed ",[55,127241,66],{"class":65},[55,127243,70],{"class":69},[55,127245,74],{"class":73},[55,127247,126080],{"class":77},[55,127249,74],{"class":73},[55,127251,83],{"class":69},[55,127253,86],{"class":73},[55,127255,127256],{"class":77},".md",[55,127258,74],{"class":73},[55,127260,83],{"class":69},[55,127262,86],{"class":73},[55,127264,127265],{"class":77},".docx",[55,127267,74],{"class":73},[55,127269,103],{"class":69},[55,127271,127272],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,127273,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,127275,127276,127278,127280,127283,127285,127287,127289,127292],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,127277,117],{"class":116},[55,127279,120],{"class":69},[55,127281,127282],{"class":123},"document",[55,127284,198],{"class":69},[55,127286,126050],{"class":123},[55,127288,120],{"class":69},[55,127290,127291],{"class":123},"allowed",[55,127293,1357],{"class":69},[14,127295,314],{},[45,127297,127298],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,127299,127300],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127301,127302],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127303,3570],{"class":3443},[14,127305,127306,127307,198],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[194,127308,125944,127310,10339],{"href":127309},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[52,127311,127312],{},"startswith()",[37,127314,1298],{"id":1297},[14,127316,8042,127317,198],{},[52,127318,126002],{},[1425,127320,127322],{"id":127321},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[14,127324,4116],{},[45,127326,127328],{"className":47,"code":127327,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[52,127329,127330,127342],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127331,127332,127334,127336,127338,127340],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127333,126027],{"class":61},[55,127335,66],{"class":65},[55,127337,86],{"class":73},[55,127339,126924],{"class":77},[55,127341,1288],{"class":73},[55,127343,127344],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127345,127346],{"class":137},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[14,127348,127349],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[45,127351,127353],{"className":47,"code":127352,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[52,127354,127355,127367],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127356,127357,127359,127361,127363,127365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127358,126027],{"class":61},[55,127360,66],{"class":65},[55,127362,86],{"class":73},[55,127364,126924],{"class":77},[55,127366,1288],{"class":73},[55,127368,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391,127393,127395],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127370,117],{"class":116},[55,127372,120],{"class":69},[55,127374,126045],{"class":123},[55,127376,198],{"class":69},[55,127378,126050],{"class":123},[55,127380,5103],{"class":69},[55,127382,74],{"class":73},[55,127384,126435],{"class":77},[55,127386,74],{"class":73},[55,127388,83],{"class":69},[55,127390,86],{"class":73},[55,127392,126382],{"class":77},[55,127394,74],{"class":73},[55,127396,2499],{"class":69},[1425,127398,127400],{"id":127399},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[45,127402,127404],{"className":47,"code":127403,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[52,127405,127406,127418],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127407,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127409,126027],{"class":61},[55,127411,66],{"class":65},[55,127413,86],{"class":73},[55,127415,127012],{"class":77},[55,127417,1288],{"class":73},[55,127419,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127421,117],{"class":116},[55,127423,120],{"class":69},[55,127425,126045],{"class":123},[55,127427,198],{"class":69},[55,127429,126050],{"class":123},[55,127431,120],{"class":69},[55,127433,74],{"class":73},[55,127435,126057],{"class":77},[55,127437,74],{"class":73},[55,127439,1357],{"class":69},[14,127441,314],{},[45,127443,127444],{"className":47,"code":3631,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,127445,127446],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127447,127448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127449,3631],{"class":3443},[14,127451,38857],{},[45,127453,127454],{"className":47,"code":127088,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,127455,127456,127468],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127457,127458,127460,127462,127464,127466],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127459,126027],{"class":61},[55,127461,66],{"class":65},[55,127463,86],{"class":73},[55,127465,127012],{"class":77},[55,127467,1288],{"class":73},[55,127469,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482,127484,127486,127488,127490,127492],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127471,117],{"class":116},[55,127473,120],{"class":69},[55,127475,126045],{"class":123},[55,127477,198],{"class":69},[55,127479,8236],{"class":123},[55,127481,8233],{"class":69},[55,127483,126050],{"class":123},[55,127485,120],{"class":69},[55,127487,74],{"class":73},[55,127489,126057],{"class":77},[55,127491,74],{"class":73},[55,127493,1357],{"class":69},[1425,127495,36800,127497,8301,127499],{"id":127496},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[52,127498,126002],{},[52,127500,3474],{},[14,127502,127503,127505],{},[52,127504,126002],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[45,127507,127509],{"className":47,"code":127508,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[52,127510,127511,127524,127528,127550],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127512,127513,127515,127517,127519,127522],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127514,34287],{"class":61},[55,127516,66],{"class":65},[55,127518,86],{"class":73},[55,127520,127521],{"class":77},"my_report.csv.backup",[55,127523,1288],{"class":73},[55,127525,127526],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127527,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,127529,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544,127546,127548],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,127531,117],{"class":116},[55,127533,120],{"class":69},[55,127535,34308],{"class":123},[55,127537,198],{"class":69},[55,127539,126050],{"class":123},[55,127541,120],{"class":69},[55,127543,74],{"class":73},[55,127545,126057],{"class":77},[55,127547,74],{"class":73},[55,127549,1357],{"class":69},[55,127551,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562,127564,127566],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,127553,117],{"class":116},[55,127555,120],{"class":69},[55,127557,74],{"class":73},[55,127559,126057],{"class":77},[55,127561,74],{"class":73},[55,127563,20770],{"class":959},[55,127565,42438],{"class":123},[55,127567,103],{"class":69},[14,127569,314],{},[45,127571,127572],{"className":47,"code":127068,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,127573,127574,127578],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127575,127576],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127577,3631],{"class":3443},[55,127579,127580],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127581,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,127583,8048,127585,127587],{"id":127584},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[52,127586,126002],{}," to remove the suffix",[14,127589,127590,127592],{},[52,127591,126002],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[45,127594,127596],{"className":47,"code":127595,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[52,127597,127598,127610,127632],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127599,127600,127602,127604,127606,127608],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127601,126027],{"class":61},[55,127603,66],{"class":65},[55,127605,86],{"class":73},[55,127607,126034],{"class":77},[55,127609,1288],{"class":73},[55,127611,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626,127628,127630],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127613,117],{"class":116},[55,127615,120],{"class":69},[55,127617,126045],{"class":123},[55,127619,198],{"class":69},[55,127621,126050],{"class":123},[55,127623,120],{"class":69},[55,127625,74],{"class":73},[55,127627,126057],{"class":77},[55,127629,74],{"class":73},[55,127631,1357],{"class":69},[55,127633,127634,127636,127638,127640],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,127635,117],{"class":116},[55,127637,120],{"class":69},[55,127639,126045],{"class":123},[55,127641,103],{"class":69},[14,127643,314],{},[45,127645,127647],{"className":47,"code":127646,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nreport.csv\n",[52,127648,127649,127653],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127650,127651],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127652,3570],{"class":3443},[55,127654,127655,127658,127660],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127656,127657],{"class":61},"report",[55,127659,198],{"class":69},[55,127661,127662],{"class":24347},"csv\n",[14,127664,127665,127666,198],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[194,127667,127668],{"href":124112},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[14,127670,65658],{},[21,127672,127673,127676,127679,127682],{},[24,127674,127675],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[24,127677,127678],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[24,127680,127681],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[24,127683,8012,127684,44227,127686,2465,127688,111141],{},[52,127685,126002],{},[52,127687,124115],{},[52,127689,41250],{},[14,127691,29733],{},[45,127693,127695],{"className":47,"code":127694,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[52,127696,127697,127707,127721,127743,127769],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127698,127699,127701,127703,127705],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127700,117],{"class":116},[55,127702,120],{"class":69},[55,127704,34308],{"class":123},[55,127706,103],{"class":69},[55,127708,127709,127711,127713,127715,127717,127719],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127710,117],{"class":116},[55,127712,120],{"class":69},[55,127714,41376],{"class":116},[55,127716,120],{"class":69},[55,127718,34308],{"class":123},[55,127720,1357],{"class":69},[55,127722,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737,127739,127741],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,127724,117],{"class":116},[55,127726,120],{"class":69},[55,127728,34308],{"class":123},[55,127730,198],{"class":69},[55,127732,126050],{"class":123},[55,127734,120],{"class":69},[55,127736,2889],{"class":73},[55,127738,126057],{"class":77},[55,127740,2889],{"class":73},[55,127742,1357],{"class":69},[55,127744,127745,127747,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763,127765,127767],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,127746,117],{"class":116},[55,127748,120],{"class":69},[55,127750,34308],{"class":123},[55,127752,198],{"class":69},[55,127754,8236],{"class":123},[55,127756,8233],{"class":69},[55,127758,126050],{"class":123},[55,127760,120],{"class":69},[55,127762,2889],{"class":73},[55,127764,126057],{"class":77},[55,127766,2889],{"class":73},[55,127768,1357],{"class":69},[55,127770,127771,127773,127775,127777,127779,127781],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,127772,117],{"class":116},[55,127774,120],{"class":69},[55,127776,1396],{"class":850},[55,127778,120],{"class":69},[55,127780,34308],{"class":123},[55,127782,1357],{"class":69},[37,127784,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,127786,12304,127788,127790],{"id":127787},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[52,127789,126002],{}," change the string?",[14,127792,127793,127794,2465,127796,198],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[52,127795,3194],{},[52,127797,3261],{},[1425,127799,4761,127801,127803],{"id":127800},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[52,127802,126002],{}," check more than one ending?",[14,127805,127806,127807,198],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[52,127808,127809],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[1425,127811,14500,127813,124280],{"id":127812},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[52,127814,126002],{},[14,127816,127817,127818,2465,127820,127823],{},"Yes. Use ",[52,127819,123674],{},[52,127821,127822],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[1425,127825,4771,127827,3983,127829,2078],{"id":127826},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[52,127828,126002],{},[52,127830,123939],{},[14,127832,127833,127835,127836,127838],{},[52,127834,126002],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[52,127837,123939],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[37,127840,1495],{"id":1494},[21,127842,127843,127849,127855,127859,127863],{},[24,127844,127845],{},[194,127846,125944,127847,10339],{"href":127309},[52,127848,127312],{},[24,127850,127851],{},[194,127852,125944,127853,10339],{"href":123671},[52,127854,123674],{},[24,127856,127857],{},[194,127858,124343],{"href":123199},[24,127860,127861],{},[194,127862,124350],{"href":124112},[24,127864,127865],{},[194,127866,124699],{"href":50571},[1524,127868,127869],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":127871},[127872,127873,127875,127876,127881,127882,127888,127889,127890,127898,127908],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":126110,"depth":106,"text":127874},"What endswith() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":126325,"depth":106,"text":126326,"children":127877},[127878,127879,127880],{"id":126239,"depth":113,"text":126239},{"id":35671,"depth":113,"text":35671},{"id":52256,"depth":113,"text":52256},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":126738,"depth":106,"text":126739,"children":127883},[127884,127885,127886,127887],{"id":126742,"depth":113,"text":126743},{"id":126796,"depth":113,"text":126797},{"id":126853,"depth":113,"text":126854},{"id":126907,"depth":113,"text":126908},{"id":123590,"depth":106,"text":123591},{"id":127141,"depth":106,"text":127142},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":127891},[127892,127893,127894,127896],{"id":127321,"depth":113,"text":127322},{"id":127399,"depth":113,"text":127400},{"id":127496,"depth":113,"text":127895},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127584,"depth":113,"text":127897},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":127899},[127900,127902,127904,127906],{"id":127787,"depth":113,"text":127901},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127800,"depth":113,"text":127903},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127812,"depth":113,"text":127905},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127826,"depth":113,"text":127907},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125994,"description":127909},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127916,"title":127917,"body":127918,"description":129586,"extension":1546,"meta":129587,"navigation":109,"path":129588,"seo":129589,"stem":129590,"__hash__":129591},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127919,"toc":129559},[127920,127925,127930,127935,127940,128033,128043,128048,128053,128068,128070,128152,128160,128162,128164,128191,128193,128209,128216,128218,128326,128328,128333,128349,128351,128446,128454,128457,128463,128468,128473,128480,128619,128622,128635,128637,128641,128648,128718,128721,128770,128777,128784,128798,128803,128808,128854,128900,128916,128918,128923,128937,128940,129062,129067,129069,129074,129107,129110,129186,129188,129197,129211,129214,129298,129301,129412,129415,129443,129445,129452,129456,129462,129465,129471,129474,129481,129492,129498,129505,129507,129556],[10,127921,122944,127923,10920],{"id":127922},"python-string-find-method",[52,127924,123939],{},[14,127926,122949,127927,127929],{},[52,127928,123939],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[14,127931,127932,127933,198],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[52,127934,502],{},[14,127936,1440,127937,127939],{},[52,127938,123939],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[45,127941,127943],{"className":47,"code":127942,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[52,127944,127945,127957,127980,127993,127997,128020],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,127946,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,127948,34287],{"class":61},[55,127950,66],{"class":65},[55,127952,86],{"class":73},[55,127954,60003],{"class":77},[55,127956,1288],{"class":73},[55,127958,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967,127970,127972,127974,127976,127978],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,127960,64515],{"class":61},[55,127962,66],{"class":65},[55,127964,42438],{"class":61},[55,127966,198],{"class":69},[55,127968,127969],{"class":123},"find",[55,127971,120],{"class":69},[55,127973,74],{"class":73},[55,127975,60188],{"class":77},[55,127977,74],{"class":73},[55,127979,103],{"class":69},[55,127981,127982,127984,127986,127988,127990],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,127983,117],{"class":116},[55,127985,120],{"class":69},[55,127987,64542],{"class":123},[55,127989,970],{"class":69},[55,127991,127992],{"class":137},"   # 6\n",[55,127994,127995],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,127996,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,127998,127999,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014,128016,128018],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,128000,128001],{"class":61},"missing ",[55,128003,66],{"class":65},[55,128005,42438],{"class":61},[55,128007,198],{"class":69},[55,128009,127969],{"class":123},[55,128011,120],{"class":69},[55,128013,74],{"class":73},[55,128015,49],{"class":77},[55,128017,74],{"class":73},[55,128019,103],{"class":69},[55,128021,128022,128024,128026,128028,128030],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,128023,117],{"class":116},[55,128025,120],{"class":69},[55,128027,26369],{"class":123},[55,128029,970],{"class":69},[55,128031,128032],{"class":137},"    # -1\n",[43177,128034,128035],{},[14,128036,1440,128037,128039,128040,128042],{},[52,128038,123939],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[52,128041,502],{}," if the substring is not found.",[37,128044,3265,128046,3268],{"id":128045},"what-find-does",[52,128047,123939],{},[14,128049,128050,128052],{},[52,128051,123939],{}," is a string method that:",[21,128054,128055,128058,128061,128066],{},[24,128056,128057],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[24,128059,128060],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[24,128062,11022,128063,128065],{},[52,128064,502],{}," if no match is found",[24,128067,126130],{},[14,128069,233],{},[45,128071,128073],{"className":47,"code":128072,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[52,128074,128075,128087,128091,128115,128139],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128076,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128078,34287],{"class":61},[55,128080,66],{"class":65},[55,128082,86],{"class":73},[55,128084,416],{"class":77},[55,128086,1288],{"class":73},[55,128088,128089],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128090,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128092,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109,128111,128113],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128094,117],{"class":116},[55,128096,120],{"class":69},[55,128098,34308],{"class":123},[55,128100,198],{"class":69},[55,128102,127969],{"class":123},[55,128104,120],{"class":69},[55,128106,74],{"class":73},[55,128108,123037],{"class":77},[55,128110,74],{"class":73},[55,128112,947],{"class":69},[55,128114,57242],{"class":137},[55,128116,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133,128135,128137],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,128118,117],{"class":116},[55,128120,120],{"class":69},[55,128122,34308],{"class":123},[55,128124,198],{"class":69},[55,128126,127969],{"class":123},[55,128128,120],{"class":69},[55,128130,74],{"class":73},[55,128132,1757],{"class":77},[55,128134,74],{"class":73},[55,128136,947],{"class":69},[55,128138,128032],{"class":137},[55,128140,128141,128143,128145,128147,128149],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,128142,117],{"class":116},[55,128144,120],{"class":69},[55,128146,34308],{"class":123},[55,128148,970],{"class":69},[55,128150,128151],{"class":137},"              # banana\n",[14,128153,20367,128154,128157,128158,198],{},[52,128155,128156],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[52,128159,309],{},[37,128161,1740],{"id":1739},[14,128163,1743],{},[45,128165,128167],{"className":47,"code":128166,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[52,128168,128169],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128170,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185,128187,128189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128172,60770],{"class":61},[55,128174,198],{"class":69},[55,128176,127969],{"class":123},[55,128178,120],{"class":69},[55,128180,2058],{"class":123},[55,128182,83],{"class":69},[55,128184,35650],{"class":123},[55,128186,83],{"class":69},[55,128188,64636],{"class":123},[55,128190,103],{"class":69},[1425,128192,16993],{"id":16992},[21,128194,128195,128199,128204],{},[24,128196,128197,123136],{},[52,128198,2058],{},[24,128200,128201,128203],{},[52,128202,35671],{},": optional starting position",[24,128205,128206,128208],{},[52,128207,52256],{},": optional ending position",[14,128210,128211,3983,128213,128215],{},[52,128212,35671],{},[52,128214,52256],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[14,128217,126273],{},[45,128219,128221],{"className":47,"code":128220,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[52,128222,128223,128235,128239,128264,128293],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128224,128225,128227,128229,128231,128233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128226,34287],{"class":61},[55,128228,66],{"class":65},[55,128230,86],{"class":73},[55,128232,60003],{"class":77},[55,128234,1288],{"class":73},[55,128236,128237],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128238,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128240,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257,128259,128261],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128242,117],{"class":116},[55,128244,120],{"class":69},[55,128246,34308],{"class":123},[55,128248,198],{"class":69},[55,128250,127969],{"class":123},[55,128252,120],{"class":69},[55,128254,74],{"class":73},[55,128256,60070],{"class":77},[55,128258,74],{"class":73},[55,128260,947],{"class":69},[55,128262,128263],{"class":137},"        # 4\n",[55,128265,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286,128288,128290],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,128267,117],{"class":116},[55,128269,120],{"class":69},[55,128271,34308],{"class":123},[55,128273,198],{"class":69},[55,128275,127969],{"class":123},[55,128277,120],{"class":69},[55,128279,74],{"class":73},[55,128281,60070],{"class":77},[55,128283,74],{"class":73},[55,128285,83],{"class":69},[55,128287,4196],{"class":130},[55,128289,947],{"class":69},[55,128291,128292],{"class":137},"     # 7\n",[55,128294,128295,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319,128321,128323],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,128296,117],{"class":116},[55,128298,120],{"class":69},[55,128300,34308],{"class":123},[55,128302,198],{"class":69},[55,128304,127969],{"class":123},[55,128306,120],{"class":69},[55,128308,74],{"class":73},[55,128310,60070],{"class":77},[55,128312,74],{"class":73},[55,128314,83],{"class":69},[55,128316,4196],{"class":130},[55,128318,83],{"class":69},[55,128320,5587],{"class":130},[55,128322,947],{"class":69},[55,128324,128325],{"class":137},"  # -1\n",[37,128327,37617],{"id":37616},[14,128329,57141,128330,128332],{},[52,128331,123939],{}," is always an integer.",[21,128334,128335,128341,128344],{},[24,128336,128337,128338,128340],{},"A number ",[52,128339,131],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[24,128342,128343],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[24,128345,128346,128348],{},[52,128347,502],{}," means the substring was not found",[14,128350,233],{},[45,128352,128354],{"className":47,"code":128353,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[52,128355,128356,128368,128372,128397,128422],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128357,128358,128360,128362,128364,128366],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128359,34287],{"class":61},[55,128361,66],{"class":65},[55,128363,86],{"class":73},[55,128365,49],{"class":77},[55,128367,1288],{"class":73},[55,128369,128370],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128371,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128373,128374,128376,128378,128380,128382,128384,128386,128388,128391,128393,128395],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128375,117],{"class":116},[55,128377,120],{"class":69},[55,128379,34308],{"class":123},[55,128381,198],{"class":69},[55,128383,127969],{"class":123},[55,128385,120],{"class":69},[55,128387,74],{"class":73},[55,128389,128390],{"class":77},"py",[55,128392,74],{"class":73},[55,128394,947],{"class":69},[55,128396,20364],{"class":137},[55,128398,128399,128401,128403,128405,128407,128409,128411,128413,128416,128418,128420],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,128400,117],{"class":116},[55,128402,120],{"class":69},[55,128404,34308],{"class":123},[55,128406,198],{"class":69},[55,128408,127969],{"class":123},[55,128410,120],{"class":69},[55,128412,74],{"class":73},[55,128414,128415],{"class":77},"th",[55,128417,74],{"class":73},[55,128419,947],{"class":69},[55,128421,57242],{"class":137},[55,128423,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432,128434,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,128425,117],{"class":116},[55,128427,120],{"class":69},[55,128429,34308],{"class":123},[55,128431,198],{"class":69},[55,128433,127969],{"class":123},[55,128435,120],{"class":69},[55,128437,74],{"class":73},[55,128439,21674],{"class":77},[55,128441,74],{"class":73},[55,128443,947],{"class":69},[55,128445,128032],{"class":137},[14,128447,89500,128448,8051,128450,2465,128452,198],{},[52,128449,123939],{},[52,128451,3194],{},[52,128453,3261],{},[14,128455,128456],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[37,128458,8012,128459,3983,128461],{"id":65002},[52,128460,35671],{},[52,128462,52256],{},[14,128464,1440,128465,128467],{},[52,128466,35671],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[14,128469,1440,128470,128472],{},[52,128471,52256],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[14,128474,1563,128475,75053,128477,128479],{},[52,128476,52256],{},[3332,128478,64665],{}," in the search.",[45,128481,128483],{"className":47,"code":128482,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[52,128484,128485,128498,128502,128526,128555,128587],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128486,128487,128489,128491,128493,128496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128488,34287],{"class":61},[55,128490,66],{"class":65},[55,128492,86],{"class":73},[55,128494,128495],{"class":77},"one two three two",[55,128497,1288],{"class":73},[55,128499,128500],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128501,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128503,128504,128506,128508,128510,128512,128514,128516,128518,128520,128522,128524],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128505,117],{"class":116},[55,128507,120],{"class":69},[55,128509,34308],{"class":123},[55,128511,198],{"class":69},[55,128513,127969],{"class":123},[55,128515,120],{"class":69},[55,128517,74],{"class":73},[55,128519,78861],{"class":77},[55,128521,74],{"class":73},[55,128523,947],{"class":69},[55,128525,128263],{"class":137},[55,128527,128528,128530,128532,128534,128536,128538,128540,128542,128544,128546,128548,128550,128552],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,128529,117],{"class":116},[55,128531,120],{"class":69},[55,128533,34308],{"class":123},[55,128535,198],{"class":69},[55,128537,127969],{"class":123},[55,128539,120],{"class":69},[55,128541,74],{"class":73},[55,128543,78861],{"class":77},[55,128545,74],{"class":73},[55,128547,83],{"class":69},[55,128549,4196],{"class":130},[55,128551,947],{"class":69},[55,128553,128554],{"class":137},"     # 14\n",[55,128556,128557,128559,128561,128563,128565,128567,128569,128571,128573,128575,128577,128579,128581,128583,128585],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,128558,117],{"class":116},[55,128560,120],{"class":69},[55,128562,34308],{"class":123},[55,128564,198],{"class":69},[55,128566,127969],{"class":123},[55,128568,120],{"class":69},[55,128570,74],{"class":73},[55,128572,78861],{"class":77},[55,128574,74],{"class":73},[55,128576,83],{"class":69},[55,128578,3424],{"class":130},[55,128580,83],{"class":69},[55,128582,5587],{"class":130},[55,128584,947],{"class":69},[55,128586,50531],{"class":137},[55,128588,128589,128591,128593,128595,128597,128599,128601,128603,128605,128607,128609,128611,128613,128615,128617],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,128590,117],{"class":116},[55,128592,120],{"class":69},[55,128594,34308],{"class":123},[55,128596,198],{"class":69},[55,128598,127969],{"class":123},[55,128600,120],{"class":69},[55,128602,74],{"class":73},[55,128604,78861],{"class":77},[55,128606,74],{"class":73},[55,128608,83],{"class":69},[55,128610,3424],{"class":130},[55,128612,83],{"class":69},[55,128614,2042],{"class":130},[55,128616,947],{"class":69},[55,128618,128325],{"class":137},[14,128620,128621],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[14,128623,128624,128625,54665,128629,198],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[194,128626,128628],{"href":128627},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[194,128630,128632,128634],{"href":128631},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[52,128633,60128],{}," string method",[37,128636,123591],{"id":123590},[14,128638,128639,123402],{},[52,128640,123939],{},[14,128642,126989,128643,3983,128645,128647],{},[52,128644,90008],{},[52,128646,64130],{}," are treated as different text.",[45,128649,128651],{"className":47,"code":128650,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[52,128652,128653,128666,128670,128694],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128654,128655,128657,128659,128661,128664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128656,34287],{"class":61},[55,128658,66],{"class":65},[55,128660,86],{"class":73},[55,128662,128663],{"class":77},"Hello World",[55,128665,1288],{"class":73},[55,128667,128668],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128669,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128671,128672,128674,128676,128678,128680,128682,128684,128686,128688,128690,128692],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128673,117],{"class":116},[55,128675,120],{"class":69},[55,128677,34308],{"class":123},[55,128679,198],{"class":69},[55,128681,127969],{"class":123},[55,128683,120],{"class":69},[55,128685,74],{"class":73},[55,128687,34467],{"class":77},[55,128689,74],{"class":73},[55,128691,947],{"class":69},[55,128693,50843],{"class":137},[55,128695,128696,128698,128700,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710,128712,128714,128716],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,128697,117],{"class":116},[55,128699,120],{"class":69},[55,128701,34308],{"class":123},[55,128703,198],{"class":69},[55,128705,127969],{"class":123},[55,128707,120],{"class":69},[55,128709,74],{"class":73},[55,128711,3436],{"class":77},[55,128713,74],{"class":73},[55,128715,947],{"class":69},[55,128717,128325],{"class":137},[14,128719,128720],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[45,128722,128724],{"className":47,"code":128723,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[52,128725,128726,128738,128742],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128727,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128729,34287],{"class":61},[55,128731,66],{"class":65},[55,128733,86],{"class":73},[55,128735,128663],{"class":77},[55,128737,1288],{"class":73},[55,128739,128740],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128741,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128743,128744,128746,128748,128750,128752,128754,128756,128758,128760,128762,128764,128766,128768],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128745,117],{"class":116},[55,128747,120],{"class":69},[55,128749,34308],{"class":123},[55,128751,198],{"class":69},[55,128753,8236],{"class":123},[55,128755,8233],{"class":69},[55,128757,127969],{"class":123},[55,128759,120],{"class":69},[55,128761,74],{"class":73},[55,128763,3436],{"class":77},[55,128765,74],{"class":73},[55,128767,947],{"class":69},[55,128769,50843],{"class":137},[37,128771,128773,10183,128775],{"id":128772},"find-vs-index",[52,128774,123939],{},[52,128776,58565],{},[14,128778,128779,3983,128781,128783],{},[52,128780,123939],{},[52,128782,58565],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[21,128785,128786,128792],{},[24,128787,128788,1981,128790],{},[52,128789,123939],{},[52,128791,502],{},[24,128793,128794,52090,128796],{},[52,128795,58565],{},[52,128797,40300],{},[14,128799,1440,128800,128802],{},[52,128801,123939],{}," when missing text is normal.",[14,128804,1440,128805,128807],{},[52,128806,58565],{}," when the value must exist.",[45,128809,128811],{"className":47,"code":128810,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[52,128812,128813,128825,128829],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128814,128815,128817,128819,128821,128823],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128816,34287],{"class":61},[55,128818,66],{"class":65},[55,128820,86],{"class":73},[55,128822,3436],{"class":77},[55,128824,1288],{"class":73},[55,128826,128827],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128828,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128830,128831,128833,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843,128845,128847,128849,128851],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128832,117],{"class":116},[55,128834,120],{"class":69},[55,128836,34308],{"class":123},[55,128838,198],{"class":69},[55,128840,127969],{"class":123},[55,128842,120],{"class":69},[55,128844,74],{"class":73},[55,128846,1757],{"class":77},[55,128848,74],{"class":73},[55,128850,947],{"class":69},[55,128852,128853],{"class":137},"   # -1\n",[45,128855,128857],{"className":47,"code":128856,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[52,128858,128859,128871,128875],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128860,128861,128863,128865,128867,128869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128862,34287],{"class":61},[55,128864,66],{"class":65},[55,128866,86],{"class":73},[55,128868,3436],{"class":77},[55,128870,1288],{"class":73},[55,128872,128873],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128874,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128876,128877,128879,128881,128883,128885,128887,128889,128891,128893,128895,128897],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128878,117],{"class":116},[55,128880,120],{"class":69},[55,128882,34308],{"class":123},[55,128884,198],{"class":69},[55,128886,383],{"class":123},[55,128888,120],{"class":69},[55,128890,74],{"class":73},[55,128892,1757],{"class":77},[55,128894,74],{"class":73},[55,128896,947],{"class":69},[55,128898,128899],{"class":137},"  # ValueError\n",[14,128901,128902,128903,128907,128908,128910,128911,198],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[194,128904,128905,128634],{"href":123964},[52,128906,58565],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[52,128909,58565],{},", read ",[194,128912,1002,128913],{"href":73073},[52,128914,128915],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[37,128917,40642],{"id":40641},[14,128919,35006,128920,128922],{},[52,128921,123939],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[21,128924,128925,128928,128931,128934],{},[24,128926,128927],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[24,128929,128930],{},"Get the position of a word",[24,128932,128933],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[24,128935,128936],{},"Search before slicing a string",[14,128938,128939],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[45,128941,128943],{"className":47,"code":128942,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[52,128944,128945,128958,128981,128985,129000,129016,129035,129049],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,128946,128947,128949,128951,128953,128956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,128948,34287],{"class":61},[55,128950,66],{"class":65},[55,128952,86],{"class":73},[55,128954,128955],{"class":77},"name:Alice",[55,128957,1288],{"class":73},[55,128959,128960,128963,128965,128967,128969,128971,128973,128975,128977,128979],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,128961,128962],{"class":61},"colon_pos ",[55,128964,66],{"class":65},[55,128966,42438],{"class":61},[55,128968,198],{"class":69},[55,128970,127969],{"class":123},[55,128972,120],{"class":69},[55,128974,74],{"class":73},[55,128976,854],{"class":77},[55,128978,74],{"class":73},[55,128980,103],{"class":69},[55,128982,128983],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,128984,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,128986,128987,128989,128992,128994,128996,128998],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,128988,960],{"class":959},[55,128990,128991],{"class":61}," colon_pos ",[55,128993,72183],{"class":65},[55,128995,1806],{"class":65},[55,128997,152],{"class":130},[55,128999,979],{"class":69},[55,129001,129002,129005,129007,129009,129011,129014],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,129003,129004],{"class":61},"    label ",[55,129006,66],{"class":65},[55,129008,42438],{"class":61},[55,129010,75126],{"class":69},[55,129012,129013],{"class":61},"colon_pos",[55,129015,386],{"class":69},[55,129017,129018,129020,129022,129024,129026,129028,129030,129032],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,129019,26997],{"class":61},[55,129021,66],{"class":65},[55,129023,42438],{"class":61},[55,129025,127],{"class":69},[55,129027,128962],{"class":61},[55,129029,1643],{"class":65},[55,129031,5090],{"class":130},[55,129033,129034],{"class":69},":]\n",[55,129036,129037,129039,129041,129044,129046],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,129038,985],{"class":116},[55,129040,120],{"class":69},[55,129042,129043],{"class":123},"label",[55,129045,970],{"class":69},[55,129047,129048],{"class":137},"  # name\n",[55,129050,129051,129053,129055,129057,129059],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,129052,985],{"class":116},[55,129054,120],{"class":69},[55,129056,2058],{"class":123},[55,129058,970],{"class":69},[55,129060,129061],{"class":137},"  # Alice\n",[14,129063,129064,129065,198],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[194,129066,126980],{"href":123199},[37,129068,1298],{"id":1297},[14,129070,129071,129072,854],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[52,129073,123939],{},[21,129075,129076,129085,129091,129096,129102],{},[24,129077,8048,129078,8051,129080,2465,129082,129084],{},[52,129079,123939],{},[52,129081,3194],{},[52,129083,3261],{}," instead of an index",[24,129086,129087,129088,129090],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[52,129089,502],{}," when the substring is missing",[24,129092,8012,129093,129095],{},[52,129094,123939],{}," without handling case differences",[24,129097,36800,129098,8301,129100],{},[52,129099,123939],{},[52,129101,58565],{},[24,129103,4170,129104,129106],{},[52,129105,123939],{}," changes the string",[14,129108,129109],{},"Example of a mistake:",[45,129111,129113],{"className":47,"code":129112,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[52,129114,129115,129127,129131,129151,129166,129172],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129116,129117,129119,129121,129123,129125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129118,34287],{"class":61},[55,129120,66],{"class":65},[55,129122,86],{"class":73},[55,129124,3436],{"class":77},[55,129126,1288],{"class":73},[55,129128,129129],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,129130,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,129132,129133,129135,129137,129139,129141,129143,129145,129147,129149],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,129134,960],{"class":959},[55,129136,42438],{"class":61},[55,129138,198],{"class":69},[55,129140,127969],{"class":123},[55,129142,120],{"class":69},[55,129144,74],{"class":73},[55,129146,60035],{"class":77},[55,129148,74],{"class":73},[55,129150,839],{"class":69},[55,129152,129153,129155,129157,129159,129162,129164],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,129154,985],{"class":116},[55,129156,120],{"class":69},[55,129158,74],{"class":73},[55,129160,129161],{"class":77},"Found",[55,129163,74],{"class":73},[55,129165,103],{"class":69},[55,129167,129168,129170],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,129169,27030],{"class":959},[55,129171,979],{"class":69},[55,129173,129174,129176,129178,129180,129182,129184],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,129175,985],{"class":116},[55,129177,120],{"class":69},[55,129179,74],{"class":73},[55,129181,25911],{"class":77},[55,129183,74],{"class":73},[55,129185,103],{"class":69},[14,129187,99505],{},[45,129189,129191],{"className":47,"code":129190,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Not found\n",[52,129192,129193],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129194,129195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129196,129190],{"class":61},[14,129198,45301,129199,129202,129203,16670,129205,129207,129208,129210],{},[52,129200,129201],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[52,129204,131],{},[52,129206,131],{}," is treated as false in an ",[52,129209,960],{}," statement.",[14,129212,129213],{},"A safer version is:",[45,129215,129217],{"className":47,"code":129216,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[52,129218,129219,129231,129235,129264,129278,129284],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129220,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129222,34287],{"class":61},[55,129224,66],{"class":65},[55,129226,86],{"class":73},[55,129228,3436],{"class":77},[55,129230,1288],{"class":73},[55,129232,129233],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,129234,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,129236,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245,129247,129249,129251,129253,129255,129258,129260,129262],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,129238,960],{"class":959},[55,129240,42438],{"class":61},[55,129242,198],{"class":69},[55,129244,127969],{"class":123},[55,129246,120],{"class":69},[55,129248,74],{"class":73},[55,129250,60035],{"class":77},[55,129252,74],{"class":73},[55,129254,970],{"class":69},[55,129256,129257],{"class":65}," !=",[55,129259,1806],{"class":65},[55,129261,152],{"class":130},[55,129263,979],{"class":69},[55,129265,129266,129268,129270,129272,129274,129276],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,129267,985],{"class":116},[55,129269,120],{"class":69},[55,129271,74],{"class":73},[55,129273,129161],{"class":77},[55,129275,74],{"class":73},[55,129277,103],{"class":69},[55,129279,129280,129282],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,129281,27030],{"class":959},[55,129283,979],{"class":69},[55,129285,129286,129288,129290,129292,129294,129296],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,129287,985],{"class":116},[55,129289,120],{"class":69},[55,129291,74],{"class":73},[55,129293,25911],{"class":77},[55,129295,74],{"class":73},[55,129297,103],{"class":69},[14,129299,129300],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[45,129302,129304],{"className":47,"code":129303,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[52,129305,129306,129328,129342,129368,129382],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129307,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129309,117],{"class":116},[55,129311,120],{"class":69},[55,129313,34308],{"class":123},[55,129315,198],{"class":69},[55,129317,127969],{"class":123},[55,129319,120],{"class":69},[55,129321,2889],{"class":73},[55,129323,37987],{"class":77},[55,129325,2889],{"class":73},[55,129327,1357],{"class":69},[55,129329,129330,129332,129334,129336,129338,129340],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,129331,117],{"class":116},[55,129333,120],{"class":69},[55,129335,41376],{"class":116},[55,129337,120],{"class":69},[55,129339,34308],{"class":123},[55,129341,1357],{"class":69},[55,129343,129344,129346,129348,129350,129352,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,129345,117],{"class":116},[55,129347,120],{"class":69},[55,129349,34308],{"class":123},[55,129351,198],{"class":69},[55,129353,8236],{"class":123},[55,129355,8233],{"class":69},[55,129357,127969],{"class":123},[55,129359,120],{"class":69},[55,129361,2889],{"class":73},[55,129363,37987],{"class":77},[55,129365,2889],{"class":73},[55,129367,1357],{"class":69},[55,129369,129370,129372,129374,129376,129378,129380],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,129371,117],{"class":116},[55,129373,120],{"class":69},[55,129375,940],{"class":116},[55,129377,120],{"class":69},[55,129379,34308],{"class":123},[55,129381,1357],{"class":69},[55,129383,129384,129386,129388,129390,129392,129394,129396,129398,129400,129402,129404,129406,129408,129410],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,129385,117],{"class":116},[55,129387,120],{"class":69},[55,129389,34308],{"class":123},[55,129391,198],{"class":69},[55,129393,127969],{"class":123},[55,129395,120],{"class":69},[55,129397,2889],{"class":73},[55,129399,37987],{"class":77},[55,129401,2889],{"class":73},[55,129403,83],{"class":69},[55,129405,35650],{"class":123},[55,129407,83],{"class":69},[55,129409,64636],{"class":123},[55,129411,1357],{"class":69},[14,129413,129414],{},"These help you check:",[21,129416,129417,129422,129427,129432,129435],{},[24,129418,129419,129420],{},"The actual result from ",[52,129421,123939],{},[24,129423,129424,129425],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[52,129426,122158],{},[24,129428,129429,129430],{},"Case differences with ",[52,129431,123674],{},[24,129433,129434],{},"The string length",[24,129436,129437,129438,3983,129440,129442],{},"Whether your ",[52,129439,35671],{},[52,129441,52256],{}," values are correct",[37,129444,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,129446,129448,129449,129451],{"id":129447},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[52,129450,123939],{}," return if the text is not found?",[14,129453,4739,129454,198],{},[52,129455,502],{},[1425,129457,12304,129459,129461],{"id":129458},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[52,129460,123939],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[14,129463,129464],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[1425,129466,129468,129469,124280],{"id":129467},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[52,129470,123939],{},[14,129472,129473],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[1425,129475,4771,129477,3983,129479,69250],{"id":129476},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[52,129478,123939],{},[52,129480,58565],{},[14,129482,129483,1981,129485,129487,129488,52090,129490,198],{},[52,129484,123939],{},[52,129486,502],{}," if not found, while ",[52,129489,58565],{},[52,129491,40300],{},[1425,129493,27925,129495,129497],{"id":129494},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[52,129496,123939],{}," to search only part of a string?",[14,129499,129500,129501,3983,129503,65748],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[52,129502,35671],{},[52,129504,52256],{},[37,129506,1495],{"id":1494},[21,129508,129509,129515,129521,129528,129534,129541,129545,129550],{},[24,129510,129511],{},[194,129512,125944,129513,10339],{"href":123964},[52,129514,58565],{},[24,129516,129517],{},[194,129518,125944,129519,10339],{"href":128631},[52,129520,60128],{},[24,129522,129523],{},[194,129524,125944,129526,10339],{"href":129525},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[52,129527,124115],{},[24,129529,129530],{},[194,129531,125944,129532,10339],{"href":127309},[52,129533,127312],{},[24,129535,129536],{},[194,129537,125944,129539,10339],{"href":129538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[52,129540,126002],{},[24,129542,129543],{},[194,129544,124343],{"href":123199},[24,129546,129547],{},[194,129548,129549],{"href":128627},"How to split a string in Python",[24,129551,129552],{},[194,129553,1516,129554],{"href":73073},[52,129555,128915],{},[1524,129557,129558],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":129560},[129561,129563,129566,129567,129568,129569,129571,129572,129573,129585],{"id":128045,"depth":106,"text":129562},"What find() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":129564},[129565],{"id":16992,"depth":113,"text":16993},{"id":37616,"depth":106,"text":37617},{"id":65002,"depth":106,"text":65784},{"id":123590,"depth":106,"text":123591},{"id":128772,"depth":106,"text":129570},"find() vs index()",{"id":40641,"depth":106,"text":40642},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":129574},[129575,129577,129579,129581,129583],{"id":129447,"depth":113,"text":129576},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129458,"depth":113,"text":129578},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129467,"depth":113,"text":129580},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129476,"depth":113,"text":129582},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129494,"depth":113,"text":129584},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127917,"description":129586},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129593,"title":129594,"body":129595,"description":131521,"extension":1546,"meta":131522,"navigation":109,"path":131523,"seo":131524,"stem":131525,"__hash__":131526},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129596,"toc":131489},[129597,129602,129607,129610,129612,129688,129692,129720,129728,129732,129737,129741,129758,129760,129827,129831,129853,129861,129863,129866,129890,129893,129907,129909,129994,129998,130010,130013,130017,130023,130073,130077,130094,130103,130106,130114,130117,130166,130170,130195,130198,130253,130257,130269,130275,130279,130285,130290,130357,130361,130387,130390,130401,130403,130470,130474,130499,130506,130510,130515,130522,130530,130532,130584,130588,130606,130608,130653,130657,130672,130675,130685,130692,130694,130698,130701,130712,130714,130774,130778,130806,130809,130815,130820,130823,130827,130871,130874,130912,130915,130923,130925,130930,130934,130937,130985,130988,130991,131047,131051,131056,131059,131108,131110,131159,131165,131170,131172,131219,131223,131236,131238,131289,131295,131298,131302,131305,131311,131316,131318,131321,131393,131396,131413,131415,131420,131423,131427,131433,131439,131446,131452,131458,131460,131486],[10,129598,122944,129600,10920],{"id":129599},"python-string-format-method",[52,129601,125947],{},[14,129603,122949,129604,129606],{},[52,129605,125947],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[14,129608,129609],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[37,129611,1588],{"id":1587},[45,129613,129615],{"className":47,"code":129614,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[52,129616,129617,129629,129637,129641,129678],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129618,129619,129621,129623,129625,129627],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129620,7471],{"class":61},[55,129622,66],{"class":65},[55,129624,86],{"class":73},[55,129626,11107],{"class":77},[55,129628,1288],{"class":73},[55,129630,129631,129633,129635],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,129632,21225],{"class":61},[55,129634,66],{"class":65},[55,129636,88389],{"class":130},[55,129638,129639],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,129640,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,129642,129643,129645,129647,129649,129652,129654,129657,129659,129661,129663,129665,129668,129670,129672,129674,129676],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,129644,89597],{"class":61},[55,129646,66],{"class":65},[55,129648,86],{"class":73},[55,129650,129651],{"class":77},"My name is ",[55,129653,3382],{"class":130},[55,129655,129656],{"class":77}," and I am ",[55,129658,3382],{"class":130},[55,129660,121940],{"class":77},[55,129662,74],{"class":73},[55,129664,198],{"class":69},[55,129666,129667],{"class":123},"format",[55,129669,120],{"class":69},[55,129671,7263],{"class":123},[55,129673,83],{"class":69},[55,129675,8786],{"class":123},[55,129677,103],{"class":69},[55,129679,129680,129682,129684,129686],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,129681,117],{"class":116},[55,129683,120],{"class":69},[55,129685,89614],{"class":123},[55,129687,103],{"class":69},[14,129689,129690],{},[3332,129691,314],{},[45,129693,129695],{"className":47,"code":129694,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[52,129696,129697],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129698,129699,129702,129704,129707,129710,129713,129716,129718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129700,129701],{"class":61},"My name ",[55,129703,11793],{"class":65},[55,129705,129706],{"class":61}," Maya ",[55,129708,129709],{"class":65},"and",[55,129711,129712],{"class":61}," I am ",[55,129714,129715],{"class":130},"12",[55,129717,121973],{"class":61},[55,129719,121976],{"class":69},[14,129721,1440,129722,129724,129725,129727],{},[52,129723,3382],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[52,129726,125947],{}," in the same order.",[14,129729,124696,129730,198],{},[194,129731,124699],{"href":50571},[37,129733,12596,129735,12599],{"id":129734},"what-the-format-method-does",[52,129736,125947],{},[14,129738,1563,129739,11011],{},[52,129740,125947],{},[21,129742,129743,129746,129752,129755],{},[24,129744,129745],{},"inserts values into a string",[24,129747,129748,129749,129751],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[52,129750,3382],{}," with given values",[24,129753,129754],{},"returns a new string",[24,129756,129757],{},"does not change the original string",[14,129759,233],{},[45,129761,129763],{"className":47,"code":129762,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[52,129764,129765,129779,129802,129806,129817],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129766,129767,129769,129771,129773,129775,129777],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129768,34287],{"class":61},[55,129770,66],{"class":65},[55,129772,86],{"class":73},[55,129774,44499],{"class":77},[55,129776,3382],{"class":130},[55,129778,1288],{"class":73},[55,129780,129781,129784,129786,129788,129790,129792,129794,129796,129798,129800],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,129782,129783],{"class":61},"new_text ",[55,129785,66],{"class":65},[55,129787,42438],{"class":61},[55,129789,198],{"class":69},[55,129791,129667],{"class":123},[55,129793,120],{"class":69},[55,129795,74],{"class":73},[55,129797,7272],{"class":77},[55,129799,74],{"class":73},[55,129801,103],{"class":69},[55,129803,129804],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,129805,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,129807,129808,129810,129812,129815],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,129809,117],{"class":116},[55,129811,120],{"class":69},[55,129813,129814],{"class":123},"new_text",[55,129816,103],{"class":69},[55,129818,129819,129821,129823,129825],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,129820,117],{"class":116},[55,129822,120],{"class":69},[55,129824,34308],{"class":123},[55,129826,103],{"class":69},[14,129828,129829],{},[3332,129830,314],{},[45,129832,129834],{"className":47,"code":129833,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[52,129835,129836,129845],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129837,129838,129840,129842],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129839,34467],{"class":61},[55,129841,83],{"class":69},[55,129843,129844],{"class":61}," Sam\n",[55,129846,129847,129849,129851],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,129848,34467],{"class":61},[55,129850,83],{"class":69},[55,129852,9435],{"class":69},[14,129854,1871,129855,129857,129858,129860],{},[52,129856,34308],{}," stays the same. ",[52,129859,125947],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[37,129862,1740],{"id":1739},[14,129864,129865],{},"The general form is:",[45,129867,129869],{"className":47,"code":129868,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[52,129870,129871],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129872,129873,129875,129878,129880,129882,129884,129886,129888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129874,74],{"class":42925},[55,129876,129877],{"class":42929},"text {}",[55,129879,74],{"class":42925},[55,129881,198],{"class":69},[55,129883,129667],{"class":123},[55,129885,120],{"class":69},[55,129887,2058],{"class":123},[55,129889,103],{"class":69},[14,129891,129892],{},"Key idea:",[21,129894,129895,129901,129904],{},[24,129896,129897,129898,129900],{},"each ",[52,129899,3382],{}," is a placeholder",[24,129902,129903],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[24,129905,129906],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[14,129908,233],{},[45,129910,129912],{"className":47,"code":129911,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[52,129913,129914,129927,129941,129945,129983],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,129915,129916,129919,129921,129923,129925],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,129917,129918],{"class":61},"animal ",[55,129920,66],{"class":65},[55,129922,86],{"class":73},[55,129924,36643],{"class":77},[55,129926,1288],{"class":73},[55,129928,129929,129932,129934,129936,129939],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,129930,129931],{"class":61},"sound ",[55,129933,66],{"class":65},[55,129935,86],{"class":73},[55,129937,129938],{"class":77},"meow",[55,129940,1288],{"class":73},[55,129942,129943],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,129944,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,129946,129947,129950,129952,129954,129956,129958,129961,129963,129965,129967,129969,129971,129973,129976,129978,129981],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,129948,129949],{"class":61},"sentence ",[55,129951,66],{"class":65},[55,129953,86],{"class":73},[55,129955,1563],{"class":77},[55,129957,3382],{"class":130},[55,129959,129960],{"class":77}," says ",[55,129962,3382],{"class":130},[55,129964,198],{"class":77},[55,129966,74],{"class":73},[55,129968,198],{"class":69},[55,129970,129667],{"class":123},[55,129972,120],{"class":69},[55,129974,129975],{"class":123},"animal",[55,129977,83],{"class":69},[55,129979,129980],{"class":123}," sound",[55,129982,103],{"class":69},[55,129984,129985,129987,129989,129992],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,129986,117],{"class":116},[55,129988,120],{"class":69},[55,129990,129991],{"class":123},"sentence",[55,129993,103],{"class":69},[14,129995,129996],{},[3332,129997,314],{},[45,129999,130001],{"className":47,"code":130000,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"The cat says meow.\n",[52,130002,130003],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130004,130005,130008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130006,130007],{"class":61},"The cat says meow",[55,130009,121976],{"class":69},[14,130011,130012],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[37,130014,130016],{"id":130015},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[14,130018,130019,130020,130022],{},"You can use empty braces ",[52,130021,3382],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[45,130024,130026],{"className":47,"code":130025,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[52,130027,130028],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130029,130030,130032,130034,130036,130039,130041,130043,130045,130047,130049,130051,130053,130055,130057,130060,130062,130064,130066,130069,130071],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130031,117],{"class":116},[55,130033,120],{"class":69},[55,130035,74],{"class":73},[55,130037,130038],{"class":77},"I like ",[55,130040,3382],{"class":130},[55,130042,3983],{"class":77},[55,130044,3382],{"class":130},[55,130046,198],{"class":77},[55,130048,74],{"class":73},[55,130050,198],{"class":69},[55,130052,129667],{"class":123},[55,130054,120],{"class":69},[55,130056,74],{"class":73},[55,130058,130059],{"class":77},"pizza",[55,130061,74],{"class":73},[55,130063,83],{"class":69},[55,130065,86],{"class":73},[55,130067,130068],{"class":77},"pasta",[55,130070,74],{"class":73},[55,130072,1357],{"class":69},[14,130074,130075],{},[3332,130076,314],{},[45,130078,130080],{"className":47,"code":130079,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[52,130081,130082],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130083,130084,130087,130089,130092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130085,130086],{"class":61},"I like pizza ",[55,130088,129709],{"class":65},[55,130090,130091],{"class":61}," pasta",[55,130093,121976],{"class":69},[14,130095,130096,130097,3983,130100,198],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[52,130098,130099],{},"{0}",[52,130101,130102],{},"{1}",[14,130104,130105],{},"This is helpful when:",[21,130107,130108,130111],{},[24,130109,130110],{},"you want to reuse a value",[24,130112,130113],{},"you want to change the order",[14,130115,130116],{},"Example with reused values:",[45,130118,130120],{"className":47,"code":130119,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,130121,130122,130156],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130123,130124,130126,130128,130130,130132,130135,130137,130140,130142,130144,130146,130148,130150,130152,130154],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130125,34287],{"class":61},[55,130127,66],{"class":65},[55,130129,86],{"class":73},[55,130131,130099],{"class":130},[55,130133,130134],{"class":77}," is learning Python. ",[55,130136,130099],{"class":130},[55,130138,130139],{"class":77}," likes coding.",[55,130141,74],{"class":73},[55,130143,198],{"class":69},[55,130145,129667],{"class":123},[55,130147,120],{"class":69},[55,130149,74],{"class":73},[55,130151,19479],{"class":77},[55,130153,74],{"class":73},[55,130155,103],{"class":69},[55,130157,130158,130160,130162,130164],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130159,117],{"class":116},[55,130161,120],{"class":69},[55,130163,34308],{"class":123},[55,130165,103],{"class":69},[14,130167,130168],{},[3332,130169,314],{},[45,130171,130173],{"className":47,"code":130172,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[52,130174,130175],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130176,130177,130180,130182,130185,130187,130190,130193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130178,130179],{"class":61},"Lina ",[55,130181,11793],{"class":65},[55,130183,130184],{"class":61}," learning Python",[55,130186,198],{"class":69},[55,130188,130189],{"class":24347}," Lina",[55,130191,130192],{"class":61}," likes coding",[55,130194,121976],{"class":69},[14,130196,130197],{},"Example with changed order:",[45,130199,130201],{"className":47,"code":130200,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,130202,130203,130243],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130204,130205,130207,130209,130211,130213,130215,130217,130219,130221,130223,130225,130227,130229,130231,130233,130235,130237,130239,130241],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130206,34287],{"class":61},[55,130208,66],{"class":65},[55,130210,86],{"class":73},[55,130212,130102],{"class":130},[55,130214,82916],{"class":77},[55,130216,130099],{"class":130},[55,130218,198],{"class":77},[55,130220,74],{"class":73},[55,130222,198],{"class":69},[55,130224,129667],{"class":123},[55,130226,120],{"class":69},[55,130228,74],{"class":73},[55,130230,6180],{"class":77},[55,130232,74],{"class":73},[55,130234,83],{"class":69},[55,130236,86],{"class":73},[55,130238,78861],{"class":77},[55,130240,74],{"class":73},[55,130242,103],{"class":69},[55,130244,130245,130247,130249,130251],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130246,117],{"class":116},[55,130248,120],{"class":69},[55,130250,34308],{"class":123},[55,130252,103],{"class":69},[14,130254,130255],{},[3332,130256,314],{},[45,130258,130260],{"className":47,"code":130259,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"two comes after one.\n",[52,130261,130262],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130263,130264,130267],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130265,130266],{"class":61},"two comes after one",[55,130268,121976],{"class":69},[14,130270,130271,130272,130274],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[52,130273,3382],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[37,130276,130278],{"id":130277},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[14,130280,130281,130282,198],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[52,130283,130284],{},"{name}",[14,130286,130287,130288,854],{},"You pass matching names into ",[52,130289,125947],{},[45,130291,130293],{"className":47,"code":130292,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,130294,130295,130347],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130296,130297,130299,130301,130303,130305,130307,130310,130313,130315,130317,130319,130321,130323,130325,130327,130329,130331,130333,130335,130337,130339,130341,130343,130345],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130298,34287],{"class":61},[55,130300,66],{"class":65},[55,130302,86],{"class":73},[55,130304,129651],{"class":77},[55,130306,130284],{"class":130},[55,130308,130309],{"class":77}," and I live in ",[55,130311,130312],{"class":130},"{city}",[55,130314,198],{"class":77},[55,130316,74],{"class":73},[55,130318,198],{"class":69},[55,130320,129667],{"class":123},[55,130322,120],{"class":69},[55,130324,7263],{"class":8773},[55,130326,66],{"class":65},[55,130328,74],{"class":73},[55,130330,645],{"class":77},[55,130332,74],{"class":73},[55,130334,83],{"class":69},[55,130336,30983],{"class":8773},[55,130338,66],{"class":65},[55,130340,74],{"class":73},[55,130342,15628],{"class":77},[55,130344,74],{"class":73},[55,130346,103],{"class":69},[55,130348,130349,130351,130353,130355],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130350,117],{"class":116},[55,130352,120],{"class":69},[55,130354,34308],{"class":123},[55,130356,103],{"class":69},[14,130358,130359],{},[3332,130360,314],{},[45,130362,130364],{"className":47,"code":130363,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[52,130365,130366],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130367,130368,130370,130372,130375,130377,130380,130382,130385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130369,129701],{"class":61},[55,130371,11793],{"class":65},[55,130373,130374],{"class":61}," Ana ",[55,130376,129709],{"class":65},[55,130378,130379],{"class":61}," I live ",[55,130381,3474],{"class":65},[55,130383,130384],{"class":61}," Lima",[55,130386,121976],{"class":69},[14,130388,130389],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[21,130391,130392,130395,130398],{},[24,130393,130394],{},"they make code easier to read",[24,130396,130397],{},"they help when a string has many values",[24,130399,130400],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[14,130402,233],{},[45,130404,130406],{"className":47,"code":130405,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[52,130407,130408,130460],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130409,130410,130413,130415,130417,130420,130423,130426,130429,130431,130433,130435,130437,130439,130441,130443,130446,130448,130450,130453,130455,130458],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130411,130412],{"class":61},"report ",[55,130414,66],{"class":65},[55,130416,86],{"class":73},[55,130418,130419],{"class":77},"Student: ",[55,130421,130422],{"class":130},"{student}",[55,130424,130425],{"class":77},", Score: ",[55,130427,130428],{"class":130},"{score}",[55,130430,74],{"class":73},[55,130432,198],{"class":69},[55,130434,129667],{"class":123},[55,130436,120],{"class":69},[55,130438,13222],{"class":8773},[55,130440,66],{"class":65},[55,130442,74],{"class":73},[55,130444,130445],{"class":77},"Noah",[55,130447,74],{"class":73},[55,130449,83],{"class":69},[55,130451,130452],{"class":8773}," score",[55,130454,66],{"class":65},[55,130456,130457],{"class":130},"95",[55,130459,103],{"class":69},[55,130461,130462,130464,130466,130468],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130463,117],{"class":116},[55,130465,120],{"class":69},[55,130467,127657],{"class":123},[55,130469,103],{"class":69},[14,130471,130472],{},[3332,130473,314],{},[45,130475,130477],{"className":47,"code":130476,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[52,130478,130479],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130480,130481,130484,130486,130489,130491,130494,130496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130482,130483],{"class":61},"Student",[55,130485,854],{"class":69},[55,130487,130488],{"class":61}," Noah",[55,130490,83],{"class":69},[55,130492,130493],{"class":61}," Score",[55,130495,854],{"class":69},[55,130497,130498],{"class":130}," 95\n",[14,130500,130501,130502,198],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[194,130503,3165,130504,3098],{"href":41772},[52,130505,47281],{},[37,130507,130509],{"id":130508},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[14,130511,130512,130514],{},[52,130513,125947],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[14,130516,130517,130518,130521],{},"A common example is ",[52,130519,130520],{},":.2f",", which means:",[21,130523,130524,130527],{},[24,130525,130526],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[24,130528,130529],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[14,130531,233],{},[45,130533,130535],{"className":47,"code":130534,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[52,130536,130537,130545,130574],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130538,130539,130541,130543],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130540,39983],{"class":61},[55,130542,66],{"class":65},[55,130544,48874],{"class":130},[55,130546,130547,130549,130551,130553,130556,130558,130560,130562,130564,130566,130568,130570,130572],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130548,34287],{"class":61},[55,130550,66],{"class":65},[55,130552,86],{"class":73},[55,130554,130555],{"class":77},"Price: $",[55,130557,8875],{"class":130},[55,130559,130520],{"class":1648},[55,130561,21900],{"class":130},[55,130563,74],{"class":73},[55,130565,198],{"class":69},[55,130567,129667],{"class":123},[55,130569,120],{"class":69},[55,130571,24747],{"class":123},[55,130573,103],{"class":69},[55,130575,130576,130578,130580,130582],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,130577,117],{"class":116},[55,130579,120],{"class":69},[55,130581,34308],{"class":123},[55,130583,103],{"class":69},[14,130585,130586],{},[3332,130587,314],{},[45,130589,130591],{"className":47,"code":130590,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Price: $3.50\n",[52,130592,130593],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130594,130595,130598,130600,130603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130596,130597],{"class":61},"Price",[55,130599,854],{"class":69},[55,130601,130602],{"class":36963}," $",[55,130604,130605],{"class":130},"3.50\n",[14,130607,51675],{},[45,130609,130611],{"className":47,"code":130610,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[52,130612,130613,130623],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130614,130615,130618,130620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130616,130617],{"class":61},"average ",[55,130619,66],{"class":65},[55,130621,130622],{"class":130}," 91.236\n",[55,130624,130625,130627,130629,130631,130634,130636,130638,130640,130642,130644,130646,130648,130651],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130626,117],{"class":116},[55,130628,120],{"class":69},[55,130630,74],{"class":73},[55,130632,130633],{"class":77},"Average: ",[55,130635,8875],{"class":130},[55,130637,130520],{"class":1648},[55,130639,21900],{"class":130},[55,130641,74],{"class":73},[55,130643,198],{"class":69},[55,130645,129667],{"class":123},[55,130647,120],{"class":69},[55,130649,130650],{"class":123},"average",[55,130652,1357],{"class":69},[14,130654,130655],{},[3332,130656,314],{},[45,130658,130660],{"className":47,"code":130659,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Average: 91.24\n",[52,130661,130662],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130663,130664,130667,130669],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130665,130666],{"class":61},"Average",[55,130668,854],{"class":69},[55,130670,130671],{"class":130}," 91.24\n",[14,130673,130674],{},"This is useful for:",[21,130676,130677,130679,130682],{},[24,130678,82674],{},[24,130680,130681],{},"averages",[24,130683,130684],{},"percentages",[14,130686,130687,130688,198],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[194,130689,3165,130690,1888],{"href":46047},[52,130691,46050],{},[37,130693,17017],{"id":17016},[14,130695,130696,92111],{},[52,130697,125947],{},[14,130699,130700],{},"That means you can:",[21,130702,130703,130706,130709],{},[24,130704,130705],{},"save it in a variable",[24,130707,130708],{},"print it directly",[24,130710,130711],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[14,130713,233],{},[45,130715,130717],{"className":47,"code":130716,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[52,130718,130719,130750,130760],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130720,130721,130723,130725,130727,130729,130731,130733,130735,130737,130739,130741,130743,130746,130748],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130722,89597],{"class":61},[55,130724,66],{"class":65},[55,130726,86],{"class":73},[55,130728,44499],{"class":77},[55,130730,3382],{"class":130},[55,130732,89438],{"class":77},[55,130734,74],{"class":73},[55,130736,198],{"class":69},[55,130738,129667],{"class":123},[55,130740,120],{"class":69},[55,130742,74],{"class":73},[55,130744,130745],{"class":77},"Chris",[55,130747,74],{"class":73},[55,130749,103],{"class":69},[55,130751,130752,130754,130756,130758],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130753,117],{"class":116},[55,130755,120],{"class":69},[55,130757,89614],{"class":123},[55,130759,103],{"class":69},[55,130761,130762,130764,130766,130768,130770,130772],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,130763,117],{"class":116},[55,130765,120],{"class":69},[55,130767,1396],{"class":850},[55,130769,120],{"class":69},[55,130771,89614],{"class":123},[55,130773,1357],{"class":69},[14,130775,130776],{},[3332,130777,314],{},[45,130779,130781],{"className":47,"code":130780,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[52,130782,130783,130792],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130784,130785,130787,130789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130786,34467],{"class":61},[55,130788,83],{"class":69},[55,130790,130791],{"class":61}," Chris!\n",[55,130793,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130795,2878],{"class":65},[55,130797,2881],{"class":1648},[55,130799,2884],{"class":73},[55,130801,3032],{"class":77},[55,130803,2889],{"class":73},[55,130805,2892],{"class":65},[14,130807,130808],{},"The original string is not changed.",[37,130810,130812,130814],{"id":130811},"format-vs-f-strings",[52,130813,125947],{}," vs f-strings",[14,130816,130817,130819],{},[52,130818,125947],{}," is a string method.",[14,130821,130822],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[14,130824,45638,130825,854],{},[52,130826,125947],{},[45,130828,130830],{"className":47,"code":130829,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[52,130831,130832,130845],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130833,130834,130836,130838,130840,130843],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130835,7471],{"class":61},[55,130837,66],{"class":65},[55,130839,86],{"class":73},[55,130841,130842],{"class":77},"Rita",[55,130844,1288],{"class":73},[55,130846,130847,130849,130851,130853,130855,130857,130859,130861,130863,130865,130867,130869],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130848,117],{"class":116},[55,130850,120],{"class":69},[55,130852,74],{"class":73},[55,130854,44499],{"class":77},[55,130856,3382],{"class":130},[55,130858,89438],{"class":77},[55,130860,74],{"class":73},[55,130862,198],{"class":69},[55,130864,129667],{"class":123},[55,130866,120],{"class":69},[55,130868,7263],{"class":123},[55,130870,1357],{"class":69},[14,130872,130873],{},"Example with an f-string:",[45,130875,130877],{"className":47,"code":130876,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[52,130878,130879,130891],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130880,130881,130883,130885,130887,130889],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130882,7471],{"class":61},[55,130884,66],{"class":65},[55,130886,86],{"class":73},[55,130888,130842],{"class":77},[55,130890,1288],{"class":73},[55,130892,130893,130895,130897,130899,130901,130903,130905,130907,130910],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130894,117],{"class":116},[55,130896,120],{"class":69},[55,130898,21891],{"class":1648},[55,130900,42943],{"class":77},[55,130902,8875],{"class":130},[55,130904,7263],{"class":123},[55,130906,21900],{"class":130},[55,130908,130909],{"class":77},"!\"",[55,130911,103],{"class":69},[14,130913,130914],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[14,130916,130917,130918,130920,130921,198],{},"This page focuses on how ",[52,130919,125947],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[194,130922,89283],{"href":89282},[37,130924,1298],{"id":1297},[14,130926,130927,130928,198],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[52,130929,125947],{},[1425,130931,130933],{"id":130932},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[14,130935,130936],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[45,130938,130940],{"className":47,"code":130939,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,130941,130942,130975],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130943,130944,130946,130948,130950,130952,130954,130957,130959,130961,130963,130965,130967,130969,130971,130973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130945,34287],{"class":61},[55,130947,66],{"class":65},[55,130949,86],{"class":73},[55,130951,44499],{"class":77},[55,130953,3382],{"class":130},[55,130955,130956],{"class":130}," {}",[55,130958,89438],{"class":77},[55,130960,74],{"class":73},[55,130962,198],{"class":69},[55,130964,129667],{"class":123},[55,130966,120],{"class":69},[55,130968,74],{"class":73},[55,130970,7272],{"class":77},[55,130972,74],{"class":73},[55,130974,103],{"class":69},[55,130976,130977,130979,130981,130983],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,130978,117],{"class":116},[55,130980,120],{"class":69},[55,130982,34308],{"class":123},[55,130984,103],{"class":69},[14,130986,130987],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[14,130989,130990],{},"Fixed version:",[45,130992,130994],{"className":47,"code":130993,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,130995,130996,131037],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,130997,130998,131000,131002,131004,131006,131008,131010,131012,131014,131016,131018,131020,131022,131024,131026,131028,131030,131033,131035],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,130999,34287],{"class":61},[55,131001,66],{"class":65},[55,131003,86],{"class":73},[55,131005,44499],{"class":77},[55,131007,3382],{"class":130},[55,131009,130956],{"class":130},[55,131011,89438],{"class":77},[55,131013,74],{"class":73},[55,131015,198],{"class":69},[55,131017,129667],{"class":123},[55,131019,120],{"class":69},[55,131021,74],{"class":73},[55,131023,7272],{"class":77},[55,131025,74],{"class":73},[55,131027,83],{"class":69},[55,131029,86],{"class":73},[55,131031,131032],{"class":77},"Lee",[55,131034,74],{"class":73},[55,131036,103],{"class":69},[55,131038,131039,131041,131043,131045],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131040,117],{"class":116},[55,131042,120],{"class":69},[55,131044,34308],{"class":123},[55,131046,103],{"class":69},[1425,131048,131050],{"id":131049},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[14,131052,131053,131054,198],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[52,131055,125947],{},[14,131057,131058],{},"Problem:",[45,131060,131062],{"className":47,"code":131061,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,131063,131064,131098],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131065,131066,131068,131070,131072,131074,131076,131078,131080,131082,131084,131086,131088,131090,131092,131094,131096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131067,34287],{"class":61},[55,131069,66],{"class":65},[55,131071,86],{"class":73},[55,131073,44499],{"class":77},[55,131075,130284],{"class":130},[55,131077,89438],{"class":77},[55,131079,74],{"class":73},[55,131081,198],{"class":69},[55,131083,129667],{"class":123},[55,131085,120],{"class":69},[55,131087,7580],{"class":8773},[55,131089,66],{"class":65},[55,131091,74],{"class":73},[55,131093,7272],{"class":77},[55,131095,74],{"class":73},[55,131097,103],{"class":69},[55,131099,131100,131102,131104,131106],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131101,117],{"class":116},[55,131103,120],{"class":69},[55,131105,34308],{"class":123},[55,131107,103],{"class":69},[14,131109,130990],{},[45,131111,131113],{"className":47,"code":131112,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,131114,131115,131149],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131116,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131127,131129,131131,131133,131135,131137,131139,131141,131143,131145,131147],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131118,34287],{"class":61},[55,131120,66],{"class":65},[55,131122,86],{"class":73},[55,131124,44499],{"class":77},[55,131126,130284],{"class":130},[55,131128,89438],{"class":77},[55,131130,74],{"class":73},[55,131132,198],{"class":69},[55,131134,129667],{"class":123},[55,131136,120],{"class":69},[55,131138,7263],{"class":8773},[55,131140,66],{"class":65},[55,131142,74],{"class":73},[55,131144,7272],{"class":77},[55,131146,74],{"class":73},[55,131148,103],{"class":69},[55,131150,131151,131153,131155,131157],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131152,117],{"class":116},[55,131154,120],{"class":69},[55,131156,34308],{"class":123},[55,131158,103],{"class":69},[1425,131160,8048,131162,131164],{"id":131161},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[52,131163,125947],{}," to change the original string",[14,131166,131167,131169],{},[52,131168,125947],{}," does not modify the original string.",[14,131171,131058],{},[45,131173,131175],{"className":47,"code":131174,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,131176,131177,131191,131209],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131178,131179,131181,131183,131185,131187,131189],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131180,34287],{"class":61},[55,131182,66],{"class":65},[55,131184,86],{"class":73},[55,131186,44499],{"class":77},[55,131188,3382],{"class":130},[55,131190,1288],{"class":73},[55,131192,131193,131195,131197,131199,131201,131203,131205,131207],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131194,34308],{"class":61},[55,131196,198],{"class":69},[55,131198,129667],{"class":123},[55,131200,120],{"class":69},[55,131202,74],{"class":73},[55,131204,7272],{"class":77},[55,131206,74],{"class":73},[55,131208,103],{"class":69},[55,131210,131211,131213,131215,131217],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,131212,117],{"class":116},[55,131214,120],{"class":69},[55,131216,34308],{"class":123},[55,131218,103],{"class":69},[14,131220,131221],{},[3332,131222,314],{},[45,131224,131226],{"className":47,"code":131225,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hello, {}\n",[52,131227,131228],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131229,131230,131232,131234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131231,34467],{"class":61},[55,131233,83],{"class":69},[55,131235,9435],{"class":69},[14,131237,130990],{},[45,131239,131241],{"className":47,"code":131240,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,131242,131243,131257,131279],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131244,131245,131247,131249,131251,131253,131255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131246,34287],{"class":61},[55,131248,66],{"class":65},[55,131250,86],{"class":73},[55,131252,44499],{"class":77},[55,131254,3382],{"class":130},[55,131256,1288],{"class":73},[55,131258,131259,131261,131263,131265,131267,131269,131271,131273,131275,131277],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131260,34287],{"class":61},[55,131262,66],{"class":65},[55,131264,42438],{"class":61},[55,131266,198],{"class":69},[55,131268,129667],{"class":123},[55,131270,120],{"class":69},[55,131272,74],{"class":73},[55,131274,7272],{"class":77},[55,131276,74],{"class":73},[55,131278,103],{"class":69},[55,131280,131281,131283,131285,131287],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,131282,117],{"class":116},[55,131284,120],{"class":69},[55,131286,34308],{"class":123},[55,131288,103],{"class":69},[1425,131290,4296,131292,131294],{"id":131291},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[52,131293,125947],{}," returns a new string",[14,131296,131297],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[1425,131299,131301],{"id":131300},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[14,131303,131304],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[14,131306,131307,131308,131310],{},"Use simple ",[52,131309,3382],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[14,131312,131313,131314,198],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[194,131315,89996],{"href":89995},[37,131317,67490],{"id":67489},[14,131319,131320],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[45,131322,131324],{"className":47,"code":131323,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[52,131325,131326,131336,131350,131379],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131327,131328,131330,131332,131334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131329,117],{"class":116},[55,131331,120],{"class":69},[55,131333,34308],{"class":123},[55,131335,103],{"class":69},[55,131337,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346,131348],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131339,117],{"class":116},[55,131341,120],{"class":69},[55,131343,1396],{"class":850},[55,131345,120],{"class":69},[55,131347,2058],{"class":123},[55,131349,1357],{"class":69},[55,131351,131352,131354,131356,131358,131361,131363,131365,131367,131369,131371,131373,131375,131377],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,131353,117],{"class":116},[55,131355,120],{"class":69},[55,131357,74],{"class":73},[55,131359,131360],{"class":77},"Hello ",[55,131362,3382],{"class":130},[55,131364,74],{"class":73},[55,131366,198],{"class":69},[55,131368,129667],{"class":123},[55,131370,120],{"class":69},[55,131372,74],{"class":73},[55,131374,7272],{"class":77},[55,131376,74],{"class":73},[55,131378,1357],{"class":69},[55,131380,131381,131383,131385,131387,131389,131391],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,131382,31751],{"class":116},[55,131384,120],{"class":69},[55,131386,3032],{"class":850},[55,131388,198],{"class":69},[55,131390,129667],{"class":24347},[55,131392,103],{"class":69},[14,131394,131395],{},"Use them to check:",[21,131397,131398,131401,131404,131407],{},[24,131399,131400],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[24,131402,131403],{},"what type your value has",[24,131405,131406],{},"whether a small test example works",[24,131408,131409,131410],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[52,131411,131412],{},"str.format",[37,131414,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,131416,129448,131418,12316],{"id":131417},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[52,131419,125947],{},[14,131421,131422],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[1425,131424,131426],{"id":131425},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[14,131428,131429,131430,131432],{},"No. You can use plain ",[52,131431,3382],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[1425,131434,131436,131437,2078],{"id":131435},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[52,131438,125947],{},[14,131440,131441,131442,131445],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[52,131443,131444],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[1425,131447,14500,131449,131451],{"id":131448},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[52,131450,125947],{}," better than f-strings?",[14,131453,131454,131455,131457],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[52,131456,125947],{}," is still useful and common.",[37,131459,1495],{"id":1494},[21,131461,131462,131466,131470,131476,131482],{},[24,131463,131464],{},[194,131465,124699],{"href":50571},[24,131467,131468],{},[194,131469,90273],{"href":89282},[24,131471,131472],{},[194,131473,3165,131474,3098],{"href":46047},[52,131475,46050],{},[24,131477,131478],{},[194,131479,3165,131480,3098],{"href":41772},[52,131481,47281],{},[24,131483,131484],{},[194,131485,89996],{"href":89995},[1524,131487,131488],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":131490},[131491,131492,131494,131495,131496,131497,131498,131499,131501,131510,131511,131520],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":129734,"depth":106,"text":131493},"What the format() method does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":130015,"depth":106,"text":130016},{"id":130277,"depth":106,"text":130278},{"id":130508,"depth":106,"text":130509},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":130811,"depth":106,"text":131500},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":131502},[131503,131504,131505,131507,131509],{"id":130932,"depth":113,"text":130933},{"id":131049,"depth":113,"text":131050},{"id":131161,"depth":113,"text":131506},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131291,"depth":113,"text":131508},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131300,"depth":113,"text":131301},{"id":67489,"depth":106,"text":67490},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":131512},[131513,131515,131516,131518],{"id":131417,"depth":113,"text":131514},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131425,"depth":113,"text":131426},{"id":131435,"depth":113,"text":131517},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131448,"depth":113,"text":131519},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129594,"description":131521},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131528,"title":131529,"body":131530,"description":133008,"extension":1546,"meta":133009,"navigation":109,"path":133010,"seo":133011,"stem":133012,"__hash__":133013},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131531,"toc":132980},[131532,131537,131542,131547,131549,131611,131618,131624,131629,131631,131647,131649,131720,131722,131736,131739,131789,131791,131793,131820,131823,131838,131841,131882,131885,131930,131937,131986,131988,131996,131998,132015,132017,132110,132118,132159,132164,132171,132177,132184,132187,132191,132292,132294,132315,132319,132372,132375,132378,132384,132391,132393,132432,132434,132452,132462,132469,132552,132555,132562,132569,132576,132580,132588,132634,132638,132647,132712,132717,132722,132733,132735,132740,132767,132769,132872,132875,132895,132897,132902,132905,132909,132913,132920,132929,132935,132938,132944,132946,132948,132977],[10,131533,122944,131535,10920],{"id":131534},"python-string-index-method",[52,131536,58565],{},[14,131538,122949,131539,131541],{},[52,131540,58565],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[14,131543,131544,131545,198],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[52,131546,40300],{},[37,131548,1588],{"id":1587},[45,131550,131552],{"className":47,"code":131551,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[52,131553,131554,131566,131588,131598,131602,131606],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131555,131556,131558,131560,131562,131564],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131557,34287],{"class":61},[55,131559,66],{"class":65},[55,131561,86],{"class":73},[55,131563,60003],{"class":77},[55,131565,1288],{"class":73},[55,131567,131568,131570,131572,131574,131576,131578,131580,131582,131584,131586],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131569,64515],{"class":61},[55,131571,66],{"class":65},[55,131573,42438],{"class":61},[55,131575,198],{"class":69},[55,131577,383],{"class":123},[55,131579,120],{"class":69},[55,131581,74],{"class":73},[55,131583,60188],{"class":77},[55,131585,74],{"class":73},[55,131587,103],{"class":69},[55,131589,131590,131592,131594,131596],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,131591,117],{"class":116},[55,131593,120],{"class":69},[55,131595,64542],{"class":123},[55,131597,103],{"class":69},[55,131599,131600],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,131601,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,131603,131604],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,131605,90414],{"class":137},[55,131607,131608],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,131609,131610],{"class":137},"# 6\n",[14,131612,1440,131613,131615,131616,198],{},[52,131614,58565],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[52,131617,40300],{},[37,131619,3265,131621,3268],{"id":131620},"what-strindex-does",[52,131622,131623],{},"str.index()",[14,131625,131626,131628],{},[52,131627,131623],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[14,131630,12652],{},[21,131632,131633,131636,131639,131642],{},[24,131634,131635],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[24,131637,131638],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[24,131640,131641],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[24,131643,29891,131644,131646],{},[52,131645,40300],{}," if the substring is not found",[14,131648,233],{},[45,131650,131652],{"className":47,"code":131651,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[52,131653,131654,131666,131670,131695],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131655,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131657,34287],{"class":61},[55,131659,66],{"class":65},[55,131661,86],{"class":73},[55,131663,416],{"class":77},[55,131665,1288],{"class":73},[55,131667,131668],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131669,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,131671,131672,131674,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684,131686,131688,131690,131692],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,131673,117],{"class":116},[55,131675,120],{"class":69},[55,131677,34308],{"class":123},[55,131679,198],{"class":69},[55,131681,383],{"class":123},[55,131683,120],{"class":69},[55,131685,74],{"class":73},[55,131687,194],{"class":77},[55,131689,74],{"class":73},[55,131691,947],{"class":69},[55,131693,131694],{"class":137},"     # 1\n",[55,131696,131697,131699,131701,131703,131705,131707,131709,131711,131713,131715,131717],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,131698,117],{"class":116},[55,131700,120],{"class":69},[55,131702,34308],{"class":123},[55,131704,198],{"class":69},[55,131706,383],{"class":123},[55,131708,120],{"class":69},[55,131710,74],{"class":73},[55,131712,123037],{"class":77},[55,131714,74],{"class":73},[55,131716,947],{"class":69},[55,131718,131719],{"class":137},"    # 2\n",[14,131721,1762],{},[21,131723,131724,131730],{},[24,131725,131726,128157,131728],{},[52,131727,17693],{},[52,131729,152],{},[24,131731,131732,128157,131734],{},[52,131733,128156],{},[52,131735,309],{},[14,131737,131738],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[45,131740,131742],{"className":47,"code":131741,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[52,131743,131744,131756,131760,131784],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131745,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131747,34287],{"class":61},[55,131749,66],{"class":65},[55,131751,86],{"class":73},[55,131753,34467],{"class":77},[55,131755,1288],{"class":73},[55,131757,131758],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131759,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,131761,131762,131764,131766,131768,131770,131772,131774,131776,131778,131780,131782],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,131763,117],{"class":116},[55,131765,120],{"class":69},[55,131767,34308],{"class":123},[55,131769,198],{"class":69},[55,131771,383],{"class":123},[55,131773,120],{"class":69},[55,131775,74],{"class":73},[55,131777,50787],{"class":77},[55,131779,74],{"class":73},[55,131781,947],{"class":69},[55,131783,20364],{"class":137},[55,131785,131786],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,131787,131788],{"class":137},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[37,131790,1740],{"id":1739},[14,131792,1743],{},[45,131794,131796],{"className":47,"code":131795,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[52,131797,131798],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131799,131800,131802,131804,131806,131808,131810,131812,131814,131816,131818],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131801,60770],{"class":61},[55,131803,198],{"class":69},[55,131805,383],{"class":123},[55,131807,120],{"class":69},[55,131809,2058],{"class":123},[55,131811,83],{"class":69},[55,131813,35650],{"class":123},[55,131815,83],{"class":69},[55,131817,64636],{"class":123},[55,131819,103],{"class":69},[14,131821,131822],{},"Parameters:",[21,131824,131825,131829,131833],{},[24,131826,131827,123136],{},[52,131828,2058],{},[24,131830,131831,128203],{},[52,131832,35671],{},[24,131834,131835,131837],{},[52,131836,52256],{},": optional stopping position",[14,131839,131840],{},"You can use just the value:",[45,131842,131844],{"className":47,"code":131843,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[52,131845,131846,131858],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131847,131848,131850,131852,131854,131856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131849,34287],{"class":61},[55,131851,66],{"class":65},[55,131853,86],{"class":73},[55,131855,49],{"class":77},[55,131857,1288],{"class":73},[55,131859,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868,131870,131872,131874,131876,131878,131880],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131861,117],{"class":116},[55,131863,120],{"class":69},[55,131865,34308],{"class":123},[55,131867,198],{"class":69},[55,131869,383],{"class":123},[55,131871,120],{"class":69},[55,131873,74],{"class":73},[55,131875,62882],{"class":77},[55,131877,74],{"class":73},[55,131879,947],{"class":69},[55,131881,51011],{"class":137},[14,131883,131884],{},"Or include a start position:",[45,131886,131888],{"className":47,"code":131887,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[52,131889,131890,131902],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131891,131892,131894,131896,131898,131900],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131893,34287],{"class":61},[55,131895,66],{"class":65},[55,131897,86],{"class":73},[55,131899,416],{"class":77},[55,131901,1288],{"class":73},[55,131903,131904,131906,131908,131910,131912,131914,131916,131918,131920,131922,131924,131926,131928],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131905,117],{"class":116},[55,131907,120],{"class":69},[55,131909,34308],{"class":123},[55,131911,198],{"class":69},[55,131913,383],{"class":123},[55,131915,120],{"class":69},[55,131917,74],{"class":73},[55,131919,194],{"class":77},[55,131921,74],{"class":73},[55,131923,83],{"class":69},[55,131925,976],{"class":130},[55,131927,947],{"class":69},[55,131929,950],{"class":137},[14,131931,131932,131933,3983,131935,854],{},"Or include both ",[52,131934,35671],{},[52,131936,52256],{},[45,131938,131940],{"className":47,"code":131939,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[52,131941,131942,131954],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,131943,131944,131946,131948,131950,131952],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,131945,34287],{"class":61},[55,131947,66],{"class":65},[55,131949,86],{"class":73},[55,131951,416],{"class":77},[55,131953,1288],{"class":73},[55,131955,131956,131958,131960,131962,131964,131966,131968,131970,131972,131974,131976,131978,131980,131982,131984],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,131957,117],{"class":116},[55,131959,120],{"class":69},[55,131961,34308],{"class":123},[55,131963,198],{"class":69},[55,131965,383],{"class":123},[55,131967,120],{"class":69},[55,131969,74],{"class":73},[55,131971,194],{"class":77},[55,131973,74],{"class":73},[55,131975,83],{"class":69},[55,131977,976],{"class":130},[55,131979,83],{"class":69},[55,131981,4196],{"class":130},[55,131983,947],{"class":69},[55,131985,950],{"class":137},[37,131987,37617],{"id":37616},[14,131989,28305,131990,131992,131993,198],{},[52,131991,58565],{}," is a ",[3332,131994,131995],{},"zero-based index",[14,131997,1690],{},[21,131999,132000,132005,132010],{},[24,132001,183,132002,132004],{},[52,132003,131],{}," is the first character",[24,132006,183,132007,132009],{},[52,132008,152],{}," is the second character",[24,132011,183,132012,132014],{},[52,132013,309],{}," is the third character",[14,132016,233],{},[45,132018,132020],{"className":47,"code":132019,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[52,132021,132022,132034,132038,132062,132086],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132023,132024,132026,132028,132030,132032],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132025,34287],{"class":61},[55,132027,66],{"class":65},[55,132029,86],{"class":73},[55,132031,36643],{"class":77},[55,132033,1288],{"class":73},[55,132035,132036],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132037,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,132039,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056,132058,132060],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,132041,117],{"class":116},[55,132043,120],{"class":69},[55,132045,34308],{"class":123},[55,132047,198],{"class":69},[55,132049,383],{"class":123},[55,132051,120],{"class":69},[55,132053,74],{"class":73},[55,132055,795],{"class":77},[55,132057,74],{"class":73},[55,132059,947],{"class":69},[55,132061,50843],{"class":137},[55,132063,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080,132082,132084],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,132065,117],{"class":116},[55,132067,120],{"class":69},[55,132069,34308],{"class":123},[55,132071,198],{"class":69},[55,132073,383],{"class":123},[55,132075,120],{"class":69},[55,132077,74],{"class":73},[55,132079,194],{"class":77},[55,132081,74],{"class":73},[55,132083,947],{"class":69},[55,132085,27376],{"class":137},[55,132087,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104,132106,132108],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,132089,117],{"class":116},[55,132091,120],{"class":69},[55,132093,34308],{"class":123},[55,132095,198],{"class":69},[55,132097,383],{"class":123},[55,132099,120],{"class":69},[55,132101,74],{"class":73},[55,132103,62882],{"class":77},[55,132105,74],{"class":73},[55,132107,947],{"class":69},[55,132109,51011],{"class":137},[14,132111,132112,132114,132115,132117],{},[52,132113,58565],{}," returns only the ",[3332,132116,29506],{}," matching position.",[45,132119,132121],{"className":47,"code":132120,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[52,132122,132123,132135],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132124,132125,132127,132129,132131,132133],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132126,34287],{"class":61},[55,132128,66],{"class":65},[55,132130,86],{"class":73},[55,132132,416],{"class":77},[55,132134,1288],{"class":73},[55,132136,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132138,117],{"class":116},[55,132140,120],{"class":69},[55,132142,34308],{"class":123},[55,132144,198],{"class":69},[55,132146,383],{"class":123},[55,132148,120],{"class":69},[55,132150,74],{"class":73},[55,132152,194],{"class":77},[55,132154,74],{"class":73},[55,132156,947],{"class":69},[55,132158,27376],{"class":137},[14,132160,20574,132161,132163],{},[52,132162,17693],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[14,132165,132166,132167,198],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[194,132168,132169,10339],{"href":124394},[52,132170,58187],{},[37,132172,8012,132173,3983,132175],{"id":65002},[52,132174,35671],{},[52,132176,52256],{},[14,132178,1563,132179,3983,132181,132183],{},[52,132180,35671],{},[52,132182,52256],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[14,132185,132186],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[14,132188,45638,132189,854],{},[52,132190,35671],{},[45,132192,132194],{"className":47,"code":132193,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[52,132195,132196,132208,132212,132236,132264],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132197,132198,132200,132202,132204,132206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132199,34287],{"class":61},[55,132201,66],{"class":65},[55,132203,86],{"class":73},[55,132205,416],{"class":77},[55,132207,1288],{"class":73},[55,132209,132210],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132211,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,132213,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230,132232,132234],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,132215,117],{"class":116},[55,132217,120],{"class":69},[55,132219,34308],{"class":123},[55,132221,198],{"class":69},[55,132223,383],{"class":123},[55,132225,120],{"class":69},[55,132227,74],{"class":73},[55,132229,194],{"class":77},[55,132231,74],{"class":73},[55,132233,947],{"class":69},[55,132235,50716],{"class":137},[55,132237,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258,132260,132262],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,132239,117],{"class":116},[55,132241,120],{"class":69},[55,132243,34308],{"class":123},[55,132245,198],{"class":69},[55,132247,383],{"class":123},[55,132249,120],{"class":69},[55,132251,74],{"class":73},[55,132253,194],{"class":77},[55,132255,74],{"class":73},[55,132257,83],{"class":69},[55,132259,976],{"class":130},[55,132261,947],{"class":69},[55,132263,50565],{"class":137},[55,132265,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286,132288,132290],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,132267,117],{"class":116},[55,132269,120],{"class":69},[55,132271,34308],{"class":123},[55,132273,198],{"class":69},[55,132275,383],{"class":123},[55,132277,120],{"class":69},[55,132279,74],{"class":73},[55,132281,194],{"class":77},[55,132283,74],{"class":73},[55,132285,83],{"class":69},[55,132287,2042],{"class":130},[55,132289,947],{"class":69},[55,132291,50351],{"class":137},[14,132293,19554],{},[21,132295,132296,132303,132308],{},[24,132297,132298,132299,65192,132301],{},"The first search finds the first ",[52,132300,17693],{},[52,132302,152],{},[24,132304,1306,132305,132307],{},[52,132306,309],{}," skips that first match",[24,132309,1306,132310,132312,132313],{},[52,132311,2091],{}," finds the last ",[52,132314,17693],{},[14,132316,45638,132317,854],{},[52,132318,52256],{},[45,132320,132322],{"className":47,"code":132321,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[52,132323,132324,132336,132340],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132325,132326,132328,132330,132332,132334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132327,34287],{"class":61},[55,132329,66],{"class":65},[55,132331,86],{"class":73},[55,132333,416],{"class":77},[55,132335,1288],{"class":73},[55,132337,132338],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132339,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,132341,132342,132344,132346,132348,132350,132352,132354,132356,132358,132360,132362,132364,132366,132368,132370],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,132343,117],{"class":116},[55,132345,120],{"class":69},[55,132347,34308],{"class":123},[55,132349,198],{"class":69},[55,132351,383],{"class":123},[55,132353,120],{"class":69},[55,132355,74],{"class":73},[55,132357,75621],{"class":77},[55,132359,74],{"class":73},[55,132361,83],{"class":69},[55,132363,3424],{"class":130},[55,132365,83],{"class":69},[55,132367,2042],{"class":130},[55,132369,947],{"class":69},[55,132371,51011],{"class":137},[14,132373,132374],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[14,132376,132377],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[37,132379,43810,132381,132383],{"id":132380},"when-index-causes-an-error",[52,132382,58565],{}," causes an error",[14,132385,132386,132387,52090,132389,198],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[52,132388,58565],{},[52,132390,40300],{},[14,132392,233],{},[45,132394,132396],{"className":47,"code":132395,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[52,132397,132398,132410],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132399,132400,132402,132404,132406,132408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132401,34287],{"class":61},[55,132403,66],{"class":65},[55,132405,86],{"class":73},[55,132407,3436],{"class":77},[55,132409,1288],{"class":73},[55,132411,132412,132414,132416,132418,132420,132422,132424,132426,132428,132430],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132413,117],{"class":116},[55,132415,120],{"class":69},[55,132417,34308],{"class":123},[55,132419,198],{"class":69},[55,132421,383],{"class":123},[55,132423,120],{"class":69},[55,132425,74],{"class":73},[55,132427,21674],{"class":77},[55,132429,74],{"class":73},[55,132431,1357],{"class":69},[14,132433,314],{},[45,132435,132437],{"className":47,"code":132436,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[52,132438,132439],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132440,132441,132443,132445,132448,132450],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132442,40300],{"class":850},[55,132444,854],{"class":69},[55,132446,132447],{"class":61}," substring ",[55,132449,4222],{"class":65},[55,132451,65425],{"class":61},[14,132453,52937,132454,125910,132459,132461],{},[194,132455,132456],{"href":129588},[52,132457,132458],{},"str.find()",[52,132460,502],{}," instead of raising an error.",[14,132463,132464,132465,3983,132467,854],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[52,132466,29401],{},[52,132468,29432],{},[45,132470,132472],{"className":47,"code":132471,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[52,132473,132474,132486,132490,132496,132519,132529,132537],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132475,132476,132478,132480,132482,132484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132477,34287],{"class":61},[55,132479,66],{"class":65},[55,132481,86],{"class":73},[55,132483,3436],{"class":77},[55,132485,1288],{"class":73},[55,132487,132488],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132489,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,132491,132492,132494],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,132493,29401],{"class":959},[55,132495,979],{"class":69},[55,132497,132498,132501,132503,132505,132507,132509,132511,132513,132515,132517],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,132499,132500],{"class":61},"    position ",[55,132502,66],{"class":65},[55,132504,42438],{"class":61},[55,132506,198],{"class":69},[55,132508,383],{"class":123},[55,132510,120],{"class":69},[55,132512,74],{"class":73},[55,132514,21674],{"class":77},[55,132516,74],{"class":73},[55,132518,103],{"class":69},[55,132520,132521,132523,132525,132527],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,132522,985],{"class":116},[55,132524,120],{"class":69},[55,132526,64542],{"class":123},[55,132528,103],{"class":69},[55,132530,132531,132533,132535],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,132532,29432],{"class":959},[55,132534,41523],{"class":850},[55,132536,979],{"class":69},[55,132538,132539,132541,132543,132545,132548,132550],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,132540,985],{"class":116},[55,132542,120],{"class":69},[55,132544,74],{"class":73},[55,132546,132547],{"class":77},"Substring not found",[55,132549,74],{"class":73},[55,132551,103],{"class":69},[14,132553,132554],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[14,132556,41543,132557,198],{},[194,132558,1002,132560],{"href":132559},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[52,132561,128915],{},[37,132563,132565,10183,132567],{"id":132564},"index-vs-find",[52,132566,58565],{},[52,132568,123939],{},[14,132570,132571,3983,132573,132575],{},[52,132572,58565],{},[52,132574,123939],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[1425,132577,132578],{"id":383},[52,132579,58565],{},[21,132581,132582,132585],{},[24,132583,132584],{},"Returns the first match position",[24,132586,132587],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[45,132589,132591],{"className":47,"code":132590,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[52,132592,132593,132605,132629],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132594,132595,132597,132599,132601,132603],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132596,34287],{"class":61},[55,132598,66],{"class":65},[55,132600,86],{"class":73},[55,132602,3436],{"class":77},[55,132604,1288],{"class":73},[55,132606,132607,132609,132611,132613,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132608,117],{"class":116},[55,132610,120],{"class":69},[55,132612,34308],{"class":123},[55,132614,198],{"class":69},[55,132616,383],{"class":123},[55,132618,120],{"class":69},[55,132620,74],{"class":73},[55,132622,60044],{"class":77},[55,132624,74],{"class":73},[55,132626,947],{"class":69},[55,132628,27376],{"class":137},[55,132630,132631],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,132632,132633],{"class":137},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[1425,132635,132636],{"id":127969},[52,132637,123939],{},[21,132639,132640,132642],{},[24,132641,132584],{},[24,132643,11022,132644,132646],{},[52,132645,502],{}," if nothing is found",[45,132648,132650],{"className":47,"code":132649,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[52,132651,132652,132664,132688],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132653,132654,132656,132658,132660,132662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132655,34287],{"class":61},[55,132657,66],{"class":65},[55,132659,86],{"class":73},[55,132661,3436],{"class":77},[55,132663,1288],{"class":73},[55,132665,132666,132668,132670,132672,132674,132676,132678,132680,132682,132684,132686],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132667,117],{"class":116},[55,132669,120],{"class":69},[55,132671,34308],{"class":123},[55,132673,198],{"class":69},[55,132675,127969],{"class":123},[55,132677,120],{"class":69},[55,132679,74],{"class":73},[55,132681,60044],{"class":77},[55,132683,74],{"class":73},[55,132685,947],{"class":69},[55,132687,27376],{"class":137},[55,132689,132690,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,132691,117],{"class":116},[55,132693,120],{"class":69},[55,132695,34308],{"class":123},[55,132697,198],{"class":69},[55,132699,127969],{"class":123},[55,132701,120],{"class":69},[55,132703,74],{"class":73},[55,132705,21674],{"class":77},[55,132707,74],{"class":73},[55,132709,947],{"class":69},[55,132711,128325],{"class":137},[14,132713,1440,132714,132716],{},[52,132715,58565],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[14,132718,1440,132719,132721],{},[52,132720,123939],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[14,132723,132724,132725,2465,132730,198],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[194,132726,132727,132729],{"href":129588},[52,132728,132458],{}," method reference",[194,132731,126980],{"href":132732},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[37,132734,1298],{"id":1297},[14,132736,132737,132738,854],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[52,132739,58565],{},[21,132741,132742,132745,132752,132757,132762],{},[24,132743,132744],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[24,132746,8048,132747,8051,132749,132751],{},[52,132748,58565],{},[52,132750,502],{}," when no match exists",[24,132753,8012,132754,132756],{},[52,132755,58565],{}," on a value that may not be present",[24,132758,132759,132760],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[52,132761,152],{},[24,132763,4170,132764,132766],{},[52,132765,58565],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[14,132768,1326],{},[45,132770,132772],{"className":47,"code":132771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[52,132773,132774,132784,132798,132820,132842],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,132775,132776,132778,132780,132782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,132777,117],{"class":116},[55,132779,120],{"class":69},[55,132781,34308],{"class":123},[55,132783,103],{"class":69},[55,132785,132786,132788,132790,132792,132794,132796],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,132787,117],{"class":116},[55,132789,120],{"class":69},[55,132791,41376],{"class":116},[55,132793,120],{"class":69},[55,132795,34308],{"class":123},[55,132797,1357],{"class":69},[55,132799,132800,132802,132804,132806,132808,132810,132812,132814,132816,132818],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,132801,117],{"class":116},[55,132803,120],{"class":69},[55,132805,34308],{"class":123},[55,132807,198],{"class":69},[55,132809,383],{"class":123},[55,132811,120],{"class":69},[55,132813,74],{"class":73},[55,132815,2058],{"class":77},[55,132817,74],{"class":73},[55,132819,1357],{"class":69},[55,132821,132822,132824,132826,132828,132830,132832,132834,132836,132838,132840],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,132823,117],{"class":116},[55,132825,120],{"class":69},[55,132827,34308],{"class":123},[55,132829,198],{"class":69},[55,132831,127969],{"class":123},[55,132833,120],{"class":69},[55,132835,74],{"class":73},[55,132837,2058],{"class":77},[55,132839,74],{"class":73},[55,132841,1357],{"class":69},[55,132843,132844,132846,132848,132850,132852,132854,132856,132858,132860,132862,132864,132866,132868,132870],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,132845,117],{"class":116},[55,132847,120],{"class":69},[55,132849,34308],{"class":123},[55,132851,198],{"class":69},[55,132853,383],{"class":123},[55,132855,120],{"class":69},[55,132857,74],{"class":73},[55,132859,2058],{"class":77},[55,132861,74],{"class":73},[55,132863,83],{"class":69},[55,132865,35650],{"class":123},[55,132867,83],{"class":69},[55,132869,64636],{"class":123},[55,132871,1357],{"class":69},[14,132873,132874],{},"Tips:",[21,132876,132877,132882,132887,132890],{},[24,132878,1440,132879,132881],{},[52,132880,125866],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[24,132883,1440,132884,132886],{},[52,132885,123939],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[24,132888,132889],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[24,132891,132892,132893],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[52,132894,131],{},[37,132896,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,132898,129448,132900,12316],{"id":132899},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[52,132901,58565],{},[14,132903,132904],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[1425,132906,132908],{"id":132907},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[14,132910,76449,132911,198],{},[52,132912,40300],{},[1425,132914,4771,132916,3983,132918,2078],{"id":132915},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[52,132917,58565],{},[52,132919,123939],{},[14,132921,132922,132924,132925,1981,132927,6226],{},[52,132923,58565],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[52,132926,123939],{},[52,132928,502],{},[1425,132930,4761,132932,132934],{"id":132931},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[52,132933,58565],{}," search for more than one character?",[14,132936,132937],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[1425,132939,132941,132942,124280],{"id":132940},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[52,132943,58565],{},[14,132945,129473],{},[37,132947,1495],{"id":1494},[21,132949,132950,132956,132960,132965,132971],{},[24,132951,132952],{},[194,132953,132954,10339],{"href":129588},[52,132955,132458],{},[24,132957,132958],{},[194,132959,124343],{"href":132732},[24,132961,132962],{},[194,132963,129549],{"href":132964},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[24,132966,132967],{},[194,132968,132969,10339],{"href":124394},[52,132970,58187],{},[24,132972,132973],{},[194,132974,29945,132975],{"href":132559},[52,132976,128915],{},[1524,132978,132979],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":132981},[132982,132983,132985,132986,132987,132988,132990,132995,132996,133007],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":131620,"depth":106,"text":132984},"What str.index() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":37616,"depth":106,"text":37617},{"id":65002,"depth":106,"text":65784},{"id":132380,"depth":106,"text":132989},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132564,"depth":106,"text":132991,"children":132992},"index() vs find()",[132993,132994],{"id":383,"depth":113,"text":58565},{"id":127969,"depth":113,"text":123939},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":132997},[132998,133000,133001,133003,133005],{"id":132899,"depth":113,"text":132999},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132907,"depth":113,"text":132908},{"id":132915,"depth":113,"text":133002},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132931,"depth":113,"text":133004},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132940,"depth":113,"text":133006},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131529,"description":133008},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133015,"title":133016,"body":133017,"description":135792,"extension":1546,"meta":135793,"navigation":109,"path":135794,"seo":135795,"stem":135796,"__hash__":135797},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133018,"toc":135728},[133019,133025,133030,133033,133036,133047,133049,133118,133120,133134,133139,133144,133149,133151,133194,133196,133279,133281,133327,133333,133335,133337,133357,133359,133382,133384,133458,133460,133479,133484,133486,133490,133562,133564,133578,133582,133658,133660,133679,133683,133777,133779,133788,133795,133871,133873,133891,133895,133898,133905,133954,133956,133965,133972,134031,134033,134051,134054,134061,134120,134122,134140,134147,134204,134206,134215,134219,134224,134228,134287,134289,134307,134311,134358,134363,134366,134435,134437,134454,134461,134467,134522,134527,134530,134607,134609,134627,134633,134639,134699,134701,134720,134726,134729,134736,134789,134794,134796,134857,134866,134873,134875,134932,134937,134939,135010,135014,135069,135071,135080,135085,135091,135160,135162,135194,135200,135208,135215,135221,135286,135288,135297,135303,135384,135386,135395,135400,135414,135421,135425,135430,135458,135460,135593,135596,135633,135635,135641,135650,135655,135658,135663,135668,135674,135677,135686,135689,135691,135720,135725],[10,133020,122944,133022,10920],{"id":133021},"python-string-join-method",[52,133023,133024],{},"join()",[14,133026,122949,133027,133029],{},[52,133028,133024],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133031,133032],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[14,133034,133035],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[21,133037,133038,133044],{},[24,133039,133040,133041,133043],{},"You call ",[52,133042,133024],{}," on the separator string",[24,133045,133046],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[37,133048,40],{"id":39},[45,133050,133052],{"className":47,"code":133051,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[52,133053,133054,133087,133108],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133055,133056,133058,133060,133062,133064,133066,133068,133070,133072,133074,133076,133078,133080,133083,133085],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133057,3661],{"class":61},[55,133059,66],{"class":65},[55,133061,3211],{"class":69},[55,133063,74],{"class":73},[55,133065,6891],{"class":77},[55,133067,74],{"class":73},[55,133069,83],{"class":69},[55,133071,86],{"class":73},[55,133073,11793],{"class":77},[55,133075,74],{"class":73},[55,133077,83],{"class":69},[55,133079,86],{"class":73},[55,133081,133082],{"class":77},"fun",[55,133084,74],{"class":73},[55,133086,386],{"class":69},[55,133088,133089,133091,133093,133095,133097,133099,133102,133104,133106],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133090,1814],{"class":61},[55,133092,66],{"class":65},[55,133094,86],{"class":73},[55,133096,86],{"class":73},[55,133098,198],{"class":69},[55,133100,133101],{"class":123},"join",[55,133103,120],{"class":69},[55,133105,3702],{"class":123},[55,133107,103],{"class":69},[55,133109,133110,133112,133114,133116],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,133111,117],{"class":116},[55,133113,120],{"class":69},[55,133115,1849],{"class":123},[55,133117,103],{"class":69},[14,133119,314],{},[45,133121,133123],{"className":47,"code":133122,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Python is fun\n",[52,133124,133125],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133126,133127,133129,133131],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133128,3165],{"class":61},[55,133130,11793],{"class":65},[55,133132,133133],{"class":61}," fun\n",[14,133135,1440,133136,133138],{},[52,133137,133024],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[37,133140,3265,133142,3268],{"id":133141},"what-join-does",[52,133143,133024],{},[14,133145,133146,133148],{},[52,133147,133024],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[14,133150,211],{},[21,133152,133153,133160,133188,133191],{},[24,133154,133155,133156,133159],{},"It uses the string before ",[52,133157,133158],{},".join()"," as the separator",[24,133161,133162,133163],{},"Common separators are:\n",[21,133164,133165,133171,133177,133183],{},[24,133166,133167,133170],{},[52,133168,133169],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[24,133172,133173,133176],{},[52,133174,133175],{},"\", \""," for commas",[24,133178,133179,133182],{},[52,133180,133181],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[24,133184,133185,133187],{},[52,133186,5866],{}," for no separator",[24,133189,133190],{},"It returns a new string",[24,133192,133193],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[14,133195,233],{},[45,133197,133199],{"className":47,"code":133198,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[52,133200,133201,133233,133255,133259,133269],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133202,133203,133205,133207,133209,133211,133213,133215,133217,133219,133221,133223,133225,133227,133229,133231],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133204,3661],{"class":61},[55,133206,66],{"class":65},[55,133208,3211],{"class":69},[55,133210,74],{"class":73},[55,133212,78],{"class":77},[55,133214,74],{"class":73},[55,133216,83],{"class":69},[55,133218,86],{"class":73},[55,133220,89],{"class":77},[55,133222,74],{"class":73},[55,133224,83],{"class":69},[55,133226,86],{"class":73},[55,133228,98],{"class":77},[55,133230,74],{"class":73},[55,133232,386],{"class":69},[55,133234,133235,133237,133239,133241,133243,133245,133247,133249,133251,133253],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133236,1814],{"class":61},[55,133238,66],{"class":65},[55,133240,86],{"class":73},[55,133242,1773],{"class":77},[55,133244,74],{"class":73},[55,133246,198],{"class":69},[55,133248,133101],{"class":123},[55,133250,120],{"class":69},[55,133252,3702],{"class":123},[55,133254,103],{"class":69},[55,133256,133257],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,133258,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,133260,133261,133263,133265,133267],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,133262,117],{"class":116},[55,133264,120],{"class":69},[55,133266,1849],{"class":123},[55,133268,103],{"class":69},[55,133270,133271,133273,133275,133277],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,133272,117],{"class":116},[55,133274,120],{"class":69},[55,133276,3702],{"class":123},[55,133278,103],{"class":69},[14,133280,314],{},[45,133282,133284],{"className":47,"code":133283,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[52,133285,133286,133299],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133287,133288,133290,133292,133295,133297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133289,78],{"class":61},[55,133291,83],{"class":69},[55,133293,133294],{"class":61}," green",[55,133296,83],{"class":69},[55,133298,35481],{"class":61},[55,133300,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319,133321,133323,133325],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133302,127],{"class":69},[55,133304,2889],{"class":73},[55,133306,78],{"class":77},[55,133308,2889],{"class":73},[55,133310,83],{"class":69},[55,133312,2884],{"class":73},[55,133314,89],{"class":77},[55,133316,2889],{"class":73},[55,133318,83],{"class":69},[55,133320,2884],{"class":73},[55,133322,98],{"class":77},[55,133324,2889],{"class":73},[55,133326,386],{"class":69},[14,133328,133329,133330,133332],{},"The list stays the same. ",[52,133331,133024],{}," creates a new string.",[37,133334,1740],{"id":1739},[14,133336,6812],{},[45,133338,133340],{"className":47,"code":133339,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[52,133341,133342],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133343,133344,133347,133349,133351,133353,133355],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133345,133346],{"class":61},"separator",[55,133348,198],{"class":69},[55,133350,133101],{"class":123},[55,133352,120],{"class":69},[55,133354,3309],{"class":123},[55,133356,103],{"class":69},[1425,133358,48608],{"id":48607},[21,133360,133361,133374,133379],{},[24,133362,133363,133365,133366,1773,133368,1773,133370,1777,133372],{},[52,133364,133346],{}," is a string such as ",[52,133367,133169],{},[52,133369,133175],{},[52,133371,133181],{},[52,133373,5866],{},[24,133375,133376,133378],{},[52,133377,3309],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[24,133380,133381],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[14,133383,233],{},[45,133385,133387],{"className":47,"code":133386,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,133388,133389,133421,133444,133448],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133390,133391,133393,133395,133397,133399,133401,133403,133405,133407,133409,133411,133413,133415,133417,133419],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133392,636],{"class":61},[55,133394,66],{"class":65},[55,133396,3211],{"class":69},[55,133398,74],{"class":73},[55,133400,645],{"class":77},[55,133402,74],{"class":73},[55,133404,83],{"class":69},[55,133406,86],{"class":73},[55,133408,654],{"class":77},[55,133410,74],{"class":73},[55,133412,83],{"class":69},[55,133414,86],{"class":73},[55,133416,663],{"class":77},[55,133418,74],{"class":73},[55,133420,386],{"class":69},[55,133422,133423,133425,133427,133429,133432,133434,133436,133438,133440,133442],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133424,1814],{"class":61},[55,133426,66],{"class":65},[55,133428,86],{"class":73},[55,133430,133431],{"class":77}," | ",[55,133433,74],{"class":73},[55,133435,198],{"class":69},[55,133437,133101],{"class":123},[55,133439,120],{"class":69},[55,133441,680],{"class":123},[55,133443,103],{"class":69},[55,133445,133446],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,133447,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,133449,133450,133452,133454,133456],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,133451,117],{"class":116},[55,133453,120],{"class":69},[55,133455,1849],{"class":123},[55,133457,103],{"class":69},[14,133459,314],{},[45,133461,133463],{"className":47,"code":133462,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[52,133464,133465],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133466,133467,133470,133472,133475,133477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133468,133469],{"class":61},"Ana ",[55,133471,113451],{"class":65},[55,133473,133474],{"class":61}," Ben ",[55,133476,113451],{"class":65},[55,133478,35620],{"class":61},[14,133480,133481,133482,198],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[194,133483,124699],{"href":50571},[37,133485,121475],{"id":121474},[1425,133487,133489],{"id":133488},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[45,133491,133493],{"className":47,"code":133492,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,133494,133495,133528,133548,133552],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133496,133497,133499,133501,133503,133505,133507,133509,133511,133513,133515,133517,133519,133521,133524,133526],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133498,3661],{"class":61},[55,133500,66],{"class":65},[55,133502,3211],{"class":69},[55,133504,74],{"class":73},[55,133506,6891],{"class":77},[55,133508,74],{"class":73},[55,133510,83],{"class":69},[55,133512,86],{"class":73},[55,133514,11793],{"class":77},[55,133516,74],{"class":73},[55,133518,83],{"class":69},[55,133520,86],{"class":73},[55,133522,133523],{"class":77},"easy",[55,133525,74],{"class":73},[55,133527,386],{"class":69},[55,133529,133530,133532,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133531,1814],{"class":61},[55,133533,66],{"class":65},[55,133535,86],{"class":73},[55,133537,86],{"class":73},[55,133539,198],{"class":69},[55,133541,133101],{"class":123},[55,133543,120],{"class":69},[55,133545,3702],{"class":123},[55,133547,103],{"class":69},[55,133549,133550],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,133551,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,133553,133554,133556,133558,133560],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,133555,117],{"class":116},[55,133557,120],{"class":69},[55,133559,1849],{"class":123},[55,133561,103],{"class":69},[14,133563,314],{},[45,133565,133567],{"className":47,"code":133566,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Python is easy\n",[52,133568,133569],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133570,133571,133573,133575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133572,3165],{"class":61},[55,133574,11793],{"class":65},[55,133576,133577],{"class":61}," easy\n",[1425,133579,133581],{"id":133580},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[45,133583,133585],{"className":47,"code":133584,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,133586,133587,133622,133644,133648],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133588,133589,133591,133593,133595,133597,133600,133602,133604,133606,133609,133611,133613,133615,133618,133620],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133590,7375],{"class":61},[55,133592,66],{"class":65},[55,133594,3211],{"class":69},[55,133596,74],{"class":73},[55,133598,133599],{"class":77},"apples",[55,133601,74],{"class":73},[55,133603,83],{"class":69},[55,133605,86],{"class":73},[55,133607,133608],{"class":77},"bananas",[55,133610,74],{"class":73},[55,133612,83],{"class":69},[55,133614,86],{"class":73},[55,133616,133617],{"class":77},"oranges",[55,133619,74],{"class":73},[55,133621,386],{"class":69},[55,133623,133624,133626,133628,133630,133632,133634,133636,133638,133640,133642],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133625,1814],{"class":61},[55,133627,66],{"class":65},[55,133629,86],{"class":73},[55,133631,1773],{"class":77},[55,133633,74],{"class":73},[55,133635,198],{"class":69},[55,133637,133101],{"class":123},[55,133639,120],{"class":69},[55,133641,7404],{"class":123},[55,133643,103],{"class":69},[55,133645,133646],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,133647,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,133649,133650,133652,133654,133656],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,133651,117],{"class":116},[55,133653,120],{"class":69},[55,133655,1849],{"class":123},[55,133657,103],{"class":69},[14,133659,314],{},[45,133661,133663],{"className":47,"code":133662,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[52,133664,133665],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133666,133667,133669,133671,133674,133676],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133668,133599],{"class":61},[55,133670,83],{"class":69},[55,133672,133673],{"class":61}," bananas",[55,133675,83],{"class":69},[55,133677,133678],{"class":61}," oranges\n",[1425,133680,133682],{"id":133681},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[45,133684,133686],{"className":47,"code":133685,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,133687,133688,133745,133763,133767],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133689,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133701,133703,133705,133707,133709,133711,133713,133715,133717,133719,133721,133723,133725,133727,133729,133731,133733,133735,133737,133739,133741,133743],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133691,769],{"class":61},[55,133693,66],{"class":65},[55,133695,3211],{"class":69},[55,133697,74],{"class":73},[55,133699,133700],{"class":77},"P",[55,133702,74],{"class":73},[55,133704,83],{"class":69},[55,133706,86],{"class":73},[55,133708,11344],{"class":77},[55,133710,74],{"class":73},[55,133712,83],{"class":69},[55,133714,86],{"class":73},[55,133716,62882],{"class":77},[55,133718,74],{"class":73},[55,133720,83],{"class":69},[55,133722,86],{"class":73},[55,133724,60035],{"class":77},[55,133726,74],{"class":73},[55,133728,83],{"class":69},[55,133730,86],{"class":73},[55,133732,60070],{"class":77},[55,133734,74],{"class":73},[55,133736,83],{"class":69},[55,133738,86],{"class":73},[55,133740,75621],{"class":77},[55,133742,74],{"class":73},[55,133744,386],{"class":69},[55,133746,133747,133749,133751,133753,133755,133757,133759,133761],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133748,1814],{"class":61},[55,133750,66],{"class":65},[55,133752,5720],{"class":73},[55,133754,198],{"class":69},[55,133756,133101],{"class":123},[55,133758,120],{"class":69},[55,133760,812],{"class":123},[55,133762,103],{"class":69},[55,133764,133765],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,133766,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,133768,133769,133771,133773,133775],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,133770,117],{"class":116},[55,133772,120],{"class":69},[55,133774,1849],{"class":123},[55,133776,103],{"class":69},[14,133778,314],{},[45,133780,133782],{"className":47,"code":133781,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Python\n",[52,133783,133784],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133785,133786],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133787,133781],{"class":61},[1425,133789,133791,133792,133794],{"id":133790},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[52,133793,133024],{}," returns the result",[45,133796,133798],{"className":47,"code":133797,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[52,133799,133800,133833,133856,133860],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133801,133802,133804,133806,133808,133810,133812,133814,133816,133818,133820,133822,133824,133826,133829,133831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133803,3661],{"class":61},[55,133805,66],{"class":65},[55,133807,3211],{"class":69},[55,133809,74],{"class":73},[55,133811,6180],{"class":77},[55,133813,74],{"class":73},[55,133815,83],{"class":69},[55,133817,86],{"class":73},[55,133819,78861],{"class":77},[55,133821,74],{"class":73},[55,133823,83],{"class":69},[55,133825,86],{"class":73},[55,133827,133828],{"class":77},"three",[55,133830,74],{"class":73},[55,133832,386],{"class":69},[55,133834,133835,133838,133840,133842,133844,133846,133848,133850,133852,133854],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133836,133837],{"class":61},"joined_text ",[55,133839,66],{"class":65},[55,133841,86],{"class":73},[55,133843,171],{"class":77},[55,133845,74],{"class":73},[55,133847,198],{"class":69},[55,133849,133101],{"class":123},[55,133851,120],{"class":69},[55,133853,3702],{"class":123},[55,133855,103],{"class":69},[55,133857,133858],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,133859,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,133861,133862,133864,133866,133869],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,133863,117],{"class":116},[55,133865,120],{"class":69},[55,133867,133868],{"class":123},"joined_text",[55,133870,103],{"class":69},[14,133872,314],{},[45,133874,133876],{"className":47,"code":133875,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"one-two-three\n",[52,133877,133878],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133879,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133881,6180],{"class":61},[55,133883,171],{"class":65},[55,133885,78861],{"class":61},[55,133887,171],{"class":65},[55,133889,133890],{"class":61},"three\n",[37,133892,133894],{"id":133893},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[14,133896,133897],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[1425,133899,133901,133904],{"id":133900},"join-adds-spaces",[52,133902,133903],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[45,133906,133908],{"className":47,"code":133907,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[52,133909,133910,133934],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133911,133912,133914,133916,133918,133920,133922,133924,133926,133928,133930,133932],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133913,3661],{"class":61},[55,133915,66],{"class":65},[55,133917,3211],{"class":69},[55,133919,74],{"class":73},[55,133921,3436],{"class":77},[55,133923,74],{"class":73},[55,133925,83],{"class":69},[55,133927,86],{"class":73},[55,133929,60188],{"class":77},[55,133931,74],{"class":73},[55,133933,386],{"class":69},[55,133935,133936,133938,133940,133942,133944,133946,133948,133950,133952],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,133937,117],{"class":116},[55,133939,120],{"class":69},[55,133941,74],{"class":73},[55,133943,86],{"class":73},[55,133945,198],{"class":69},[55,133947,133101],{"class":123},[55,133949,120],{"class":69},[55,133951,3702],{"class":123},[55,133953,1357],{"class":69},[14,133955,314],{},[45,133957,133959],{"className":47,"code":133958,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"hello world\n",[52,133960,133961],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133962,133963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133964,133958],{"class":61},[1425,133966,133968,133971],{"id":133967},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[52,133969,133970],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[45,133973,133975],{"className":47,"code":133974,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[52,133976,133977,134009],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,133978,133979,133981,133983,133985,133987,133989,133991,133993,133995,133997,133999,134001,134003,134005,134007],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,133980,62],{"class":61},[55,133982,66],{"class":65},[55,133984,3211],{"class":69},[55,133986,74],{"class":73},[55,133988,78],{"class":77},[55,133990,74],{"class":73},[55,133992,83],{"class":69},[55,133994,86],{"class":73},[55,133996,98],{"class":77},[55,133998,74],{"class":73},[55,134000,83],{"class":69},[55,134002,86],{"class":73},[55,134004,89],{"class":77},[55,134006,74],{"class":73},[55,134008,386],{"class":69},[55,134010,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023,134025,134027,134029],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134012,117],{"class":116},[55,134014,120],{"class":69},[55,134016,74],{"class":73},[55,134018,1773],{"class":77},[55,134020,74],{"class":73},[55,134022,198],{"class":69},[55,134024,133101],{"class":123},[55,134026,120],{"class":69},[55,134028,124],{"class":123},[55,134030,1357],{"class":69},[14,134032,314],{},[45,134034,134036],{"className":47,"code":134035,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"red, blue, green\n",[52,134037,134038],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134039,134040,134042,134044,134047,134049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134041,78],{"class":61},[55,134043,83],{"class":69},[55,134045,134046],{"class":61}," blue",[55,134048,83],{"class":69},[55,134050,35474],{"class":61},[14,134052,134053],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[1425,134055,134057,134060],{"id":134056},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[52,134058,134059],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[45,134062,134064],{"className":47,"code":134063,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[52,134065,134066,134098],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134067,134068,134070,134072,134074,134076,134078,134080,134082,134084,134086,134088,134090,134092,134094,134096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134069,42433],{"class":61},[55,134071,66],{"class":65},[55,134073,3211],{"class":69},[55,134075,74],{"class":73},[55,134077,49],{"class":77},[55,134079,74],{"class":73},[55,134081,83],{"class":69},[55,134083,86],{"class":73},[55,134085,60770],{"class":77},[55,134087,74],{"class":73},[55,134089,83],{"class":69},[55,134091,86],{"class":73},[55,134093,133101],{"class":77},[55,134095,74],{"class":73},[55,134097,386],{"class":69},[55,134099,134100,134102,134104,134106,134108,134110,134112,134114,134116,134118],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134101,117],{"class":116},[55,134103,120],{"class":69},[55,134105,74],{"class":73},[55,134107,171],{"class":77},[55,134109,74],{"class":73},[55,134111,198],{"class":69},[55,134113,133101],{"class":123},[55,134115,120],{"class":69},[55,134117,42465],{"class":123},[55,134119,1357],{"class":69},[14,134121,314],{},[45,134123,134125],{"className":47,"code":134124,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"python-string-join\n",[52,134126,134127],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134128,134129,134131,134133,134135,134137],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134130,49],{"class":61},[55,134132,171],{"class":65},[55,134134,60770],{"class":61},[55,134136,171],{"class":65},[55,134138,134139],{"class":61},"join\n",[1425,134141,134143,134146],{"id":134142},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[52,134144,134145],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[45,134148,134150],{"className":47,"code":134149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[52,134151,134152,134185],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134153,134154,134156,134158,134160,134162,134164,134166,134168,134170,134172,134174,134176,134178,134181,134183],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134155,112523],{"class":61},[55,134157,66],{"class":65},[55,134159,3211],{"class":69},[55,134161,74],{"class":73},[55,134163,21842],{"class":77},[55,134165,74],{"class":73},[55,134167,83],{"class":69},[55,134169,86],{"class":73},[55,134171,30198],{"class":77},[55,134173,74],{"class":73},[55,134175,83],{"class":69},[55,134177,86],{"class":73},[55,134179,134180],{"class":77},"C",[55,134182,74],{"class":73},[55,134184,386],{"class":69},[55,134186,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134202],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134188,117],{"class":116},[55,134190,120],{"class":69},[55,134192,5866],{"class":73},[55,134194,198],{"class":69},[55,134196,133101],{"class":123},[55,134198,120],{"class":69},[55,134200,134201],{"class":123},"chars",[55,134203,1357],{"class":69},[14,134205,314],{},[45,134207,134209],{"className":47,"code":134208,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ABC\n",[52,134210,134211],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134212,134213],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134214,134208],{"class":844},[37,134216,134218],{"id":134217},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[14,134220,134221,134223],{},[52,134222,133024],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[1425,134225,134227],{"id":134226},"this-works","This works",[45,134229,134231],{"className":47,"code":134230,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[52,134232,134233,134265],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134234,134235,134237,134239,134241,134243,134245,134247,134249,134251,134253,134255,134257,134259,134261,134263],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134236,3413],{"class":61},[55,134238,66],{"class":65},[55,134240,3211],{"class":69},[55,134242,74],{"class":73},[55,134244,250],{"class":77},[55,134246,74],{"class":73},[55,134248,83],{"class":69},[55,134250,86],{"class":73},[55,134252,1149],{"class":77},[55,134254,74],{"class":73},[55,134256,83],{"class":69},[55,134258,86],{"class":73},[55,134260,36437],{"class":77},[55,134262,74],{"class":73},[55,134264,386],{"class":69},[55,134266,134267,134269,134271,134273,134275,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134268,117],{"class":116},[55,134270,120],{"class":69},[55,134272,74],{"class":73},[55,134274,1773],{"class":77},[55,134276,74],{"class":73},[55,134278,198],{"class":69},[55,134280,133101],{"class":123},[55,134282,120],{"class":69},[55,134284,4951],{"class":123},[55,134286,1357],{"class":69},[14,134288,314],{},[45,134290,134292],{"className":47,"code":134291,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"10, 20, 30\n",[52,134293,134294],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134295,134296,134298,134300,134302,134304],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134297,250],{"class":130},[55,134299,83],{"class":69},[55,134301,255],{"class":130},[55,134303,83],{"class":69},[55,134305,134306],{"class":130}," 30\n",[1425,134308,134310],{"id":134309},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[45,134312,134314],{"className":47,"code":134313,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[52,134315,134316,134336],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134317,134318,134320,134322,134324,134326,134328,134330,134332,134334],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134319,3413],{"class":61},[55,134321,66],{"class":65},[55,134323,3211],{"class":69},[55,134325,152],{"class":130},[55,134327,83],{"class":69},[55,134329,976],{"class":130},[55,134331,83],{"class":69},[55,134333,2036],{"class":130},[55,134335,386],{"class":69},[55,134337,134338,134340,134342,134344,134346,134348,134350,134352,134354,134356],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134339,117],{"class":116},[55,134341,120],{"class":69},[55,134343,74],{"class":73},[55,134345,1773],{"class":77},[55,134347,74],{"class":73},[55,134349,198],{"class":69},[55,134351,133101],{"class":123},[55,134353,120],{"class":69},[55,134355,4951],{"class":123},[55,134357,1357],{"class":69},[14,134359,89901,134360,134362],{},[52,134361,2592],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[14,134364,134365],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[45,134367,134369],{"className":47,"code":134368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,134370,134371,134391,134421,134425],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134372,134373,134375,134377,134379,134381,134383,134385,134387,134389],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134374,3413],{"class":61},[55,134376,66],{"class":65},[55,134378,3211],{"class":69},[55,134380,152],{"class":130},[55,134382,83],{"class":69},[55,134384,976],{"class":130},[55,134386,83],{"class":69},[55,134388,2036],{"class":130},[55,134390,386],{"class":69},[55,134392,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407,134409,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134394,1814],{"class":61},[55,134396,66],{"class":65},[55,134398,86],{"class":73},[55,134400,1773],{"class":77},[55,134402,74],{"class":73},[55,134404,198],{"class":69},[55,134406,133101],{"class":123},[55,134408,120],{"class":69},[55,134410,39455],{"class":116},[55,134412,120],{"class":69},[55,134414,3032],{"class":850},[55,134416,83],{"class":69},[55,134418,3477],{"class":123},[55,134420,1357],{"class":69},[55,134422,134423],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,134424,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,134426,134427,134429,134431,134433],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,134428,117],{"class":116},[55,134430,120],{"class":69},[55,134432,1849],{"class":123},[55,134434,103],{"class":69},[14,134436,314],{},[45,134438,134440],{"className":47,"code":134439,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"1, 2, 3\n",[52,134441,134442],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134443,134444,134446,134448,134450,134452],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134445,152],{"class":130},[55,134447,83],{"class":69},[55,134449,976],{"class":130},[55,134451,83],{"class":69},[55,134453,2164],{"class":130},[14,134455,134456,134457,198],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[194,134458,3165,134459,3098],{"href":41772},[52,134460,47281],{},[1425,134462,134464,134466],{"id":134463},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[52,134465,3368],{}," values do not work directly",[45,134468,134470],{"className":47,"code":134469,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[52,134471,134472,134500],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134473,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482,134484,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134475,3413],{"class":61},[55,134477,66],{"class":65},[55,134479,3211],{"class":69},[55,134481,74],{"class":73},[55,134483,407],{"class":77},[55,134485,74],{"class":73},[55,134487,83],{"class":69},[55,134489,3444],{"class":3443},[55,134491,83],{"class":69},[55,134493,86],{"class":73},[55,134495,416],{"class":77},[55,134497,74],{"class":73},[55,134499,386],{"class":69},[55,134501,134502,134504,134506,134508,134510,134512,134514,134516,134518,134520],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134503,117],{"class":116},[55,134505,120],{"class":69},[55,134507,74],{"class":73},[55,134509,1773],{"class":77},[55,134511,74],{"class":73},[55,134513,198],{"class":69},[55,134515,133101],{"class":123},[55,134517,120],{"class":69},[55,134519,4951],{"class":123},[55,134521,1357],{"class":69},[14,134523,134524,134525,198],{},"This also causes a ",[52,134526,2592],{},[14,134528,134529],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[45,134531,134533],{"className":47,"code":134532,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,134534,134535,134563,134593,134597],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134536,134537,134539,134541,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134538,3413],{"class":61},[55,134540,66],{"class":65},[55,134542,3211],{"class":69},[55,134544,74],{"class":73},[55,134546,407],{"class":77},[55,134548,74],{"class":73},[55,134550,83],{"class":69},[55,134552,3444],{"class":3443},[55,134554,83],{"class":69},[55,134556,86],{"class":73},[55,134558,416],{"class":77},[55,134560,74],{"class":73},[55,134562,386],{"class":69},[55,134564,134565,134567,134569,134571,134573,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134566,1814],{"class":61},[55,134568,66],{"class":65},[55,134570,86],{"class":73},[55,134572,1773],{"class":77},[55,134574,74],{"class":73},[55,134576,198],{"class":69},[55,134578,133101],{"class":123},[55,134580,120],{"class":69},[55,134582,39455],{"class":116},[55,134584,120],{"class":69},[55,134586,3032],{"class":850},[55,134588,83],{"class":69},[55,134590,3477],{"class":123},[55,134592,1357],{"class":69},[55,134594,134595],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,134596,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,134598,134599,134601,134603,134605],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,134600,117],{"class":116},[55,134602,120],{"class":69},[55,134604,1849],{"class":123},[55,134606,103],{"class":69},[14,134608,314],{},[45,134610,134612],{"className":47,"code":134611,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"apple, None, banana\n",[52,134613,134614],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134615,134616,134618,134620,134622,134624],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134617,407],{"class":61},[55,134619,83],{"class":69},[55,134621,3444],{"class":3443},[55,134623,83],{"class":69},[55,134625,134626],{"class":61}," banana\n",[14,134628,134629,134630,134632],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[52,134631,3368],{}," values instead of converting them.",[1425,134634,134636,134638],{"id":134635},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[52,134637,133024],{}," also works with tuples",[45,134640,134642],{"className":47,"code":134641,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[52,134643,134644,134676],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134645,134646,134648,134650,134652,134654,134656,134658,134660,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134647,636],{"class":61},[55,134649,66],{"class":65},[55,134651,70],{"class":69},[55,134653,74],{"class":73},[55,134655,7272],{"class":77},[55,134657,74],{"class":73},[55,134659,83],{"class":69},[55,134661,86],{"class":73},[55,134663,131032],{"class":77},[55,134665,74],{"class":73},[55,134667,83],{"class":69},[55,134669,86],{"class":73},[55,134671,7516],{"class":77},[55,134673,74],{"class":73},[55,134675,103],{"class":69},[55,134677,134678,134680,134682,134684,134687,134689,134691,134693,134695,134697],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134679,117],{"class":116},[55,134681,120],{"class":69},[55,134683,74],{"class":73},[55,134685,134686],{"class":77}," \u002F ",[55,134688,74],{"class":73},[55,134690,198],{"class":69},[55,134692,133101],{"class":123},[55,134694,120],{"class":69},[55,134696,680],{"class":123},[55,134698,1357],{"class":69},[14,134700,314],{},[45,134702,134704],{"className":47,"code":134703,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[52,134705,134706],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134707,134708,134711,134713,134716,134718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134709,134710],{"class":61},"Sam ",[55,134712,126836],{"class":65},[55,134714,134715],{"class":61}," Lee ",[55,134717,126836],{"class":65},[55,134719,21931],{"class":61},[37,134721,134723,134724],{"id":134722},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[52,134725,133024],{},[14,134727,134728],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[1425,134730,134732,134733,134735],{"id":134731},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[52,134734,2592],{}," because not all items are strings",[45,134737,134739],{"className":47,"code":134738,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[52,134740,134741,134769],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134742,134743,134745,134747,134749,134751,134753,134755,134757,134759,134761,134763,134765,134767],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134744,7375],{"class":61},[55,134746,66],{"class":65},[55,134748,3211],{"class":69},[55,134750,74],{"class":73},[55,134752,194],{"class":77},[55,134754,74],{"class":73},[55,134756,83],{"class":69},[55,134758,976],{"class":130},[55,134760,83],{"class":69},[55,134762,86],{"class":73},[55,134764,795],{"class":77},[55,134766,74],{"class":73},[55,134768,386],{"class":69},[55,134770,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779,134781,134783,134785,134787],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134772,117],{"class":116},[55,134774,120],{"class":69},[55,134776,74],{"class":73},[55,134778,86],{"class":73},[55,134780,198],{"class":69},[55,134782,133101],{"class":123},[55,134784,120],{"class":69},[55,134786,7404],{"class":123},[55,134788,1357],{"class":69},[14,134790,48108,134791,134793],{},[52,134792,309],{}," is an integer.",[14,134795,38857],{},[45,134797,134799],{"className":47,"code":134798,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[52,134800,134801,134829],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134802,134803,134805,134807,134809,134811,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134804,7375],{"class":61},[55,134806,66],{"class":65},[55,134808,3211],{"class":69},[55,134810,74],{"class":73},[55,134812,194],{"class":77},[55,134814,74],{"class":73},[55,134816,83],{"class":69},[55,134818,976],{"class":130},[55,134820,83],{"class":69},[55,134822,86],{"class":73},[55,134824,795],{"class":77},[55,134826,74],{"class":73},[55,134828,386],{"class":69},[55,134830,134831,134833,134835,134837,134839,134841,134843,134845,134847,134849,134851,134853,134855],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134832,117],{"class":116},[55,134834,120],{"class":69},[55,134836,74],{"class":73},[55,134838,86],{"class":73},[55,134840,198],{"class":69},[55,134842,133101],{"class":123},[55,134844,120],{"class":69},[55,134846,39455],{"class":116},[55,134848,120],{"class":69},[55,134850,3032],{"class":850},[55,134852,83],{"class":69},[55,134854,5559],{"class":123},[55,134856,2499],{"class":69},[14,134858,134859,134860,198],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[194,134861,1002,134863],{"href":134862},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[52,134864,134865],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[1425,134867,134869,134870,134872],{"id":134868},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[52,134871,133024],{}," on a list instead of a string",[14,134874,4116],{},[45,134876,134878],{"className":47,"code":134877,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[52,134879,134880,134912],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134881,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894,134896,134898,134900,134902,134904,134906,134908,134910],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134883,3661],{"class":61},[55,134885,66],{"class":65},[55,134887,3211],{"class":69},[55,134889,74],{"class":73},[55,134891,6891],{"class":77},[55,134893,74],{"class":73},[55,134895,83],{"class":69},[55,134897,86],{"class":73},[55,134899,11793],{"class":77},[55,134901,74],{"class":73},[55,134903,83],{"class":69},[55,134905,86],{"class":73},[55,134907,133082],{"class":77},[55,134909,74],{"class":73},[55,134911,386],{"class":69},[55,134913,134914,134916,134918,134920,134922,134924,134926,134928,134930],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134915,1814],{"class":61},[55,134917,66],{"class":65},[55,134919,5762],{"class":61},[55,134921,198],{"class":69},[55,134923,133101],{"class":123},[55,134925,120],{"class":69},[55,134927,74],{"class":73},[55,134929,86],{"class":73},[55,134931,103],{"class":69},[14,134933,134934,134936],{},[52,134935,133024],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[14,134938,10406],{},[45,134940,134942],{"className":47,"code":134941,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,134943,134944,134976,134996,135000],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,134945,134946,134948,134950,134952,134954,134956,134958,134960,134962,134964,134966,134968,134970,134972,134974],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,134947,3661],{"class":61},[55,134949,66],{"class":65},[55,134951,3211],{"class":69},[55,134953,74],{"class":73},[55,134955,6891],{"class":77},[55,134957,74],{"class":73},[55,134959,83],{"class":69},[55,134961,86],{"class":73},[55,134963,11793],{"class":77},[55,134965,74],{"class":73},[55,134967,83],{"class":69},[55,134969,86],{"class":73},[55,134971,133082],{"class":77},[55,134973,74],{"class":73},[55,134975,386],{"class":69},[55,134977,134978,134980,134982,134984,134986,134988,134990,134992,134994],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,134979,1814],{"class":61},[55,134981,66],{"class":65},[55,134983,86],{"class":73},[55,134985,86],{"class":73},[55,134987,198],{"class":69},[55,134989,133101],{"class":123},[55,134991,120],{"class":69},[55,134993,3702],{"class":123},[55,134995,103],{"class":69},[55,134997,134998],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,134999,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,135001,135002,135004,135006,135008],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,135003,117],{"class":116},[55,135005,120],{"class":69},[55,135007,1849],{"class":123},[55,135009,103],{"class":69},[1425,135011,135013],{"id":135012},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[45,135015,135017],{"className":47,"code":135016,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[52,135018,135019,135051],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135020,135021,135023,135025,135027,135029,135031,135033,135035,135037,135039,135041,135043,135045,135047,135049],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135022,3661],{"class":61},[55,135024,66],{"class":65},[55,135026,3211],{"class":69},[55,135028,74],{"class":73},[55,135030,6180],{"class":77},[55,135032,74],{"class":73},[55,135034,83],{"class":69},[55,135036,86],{"class":73},[55,135038,78861],{"class":77},[55,135040,74],{"class":73},[55,135042,83],{"class":69},[55,135044,86],{"class":73},[55,135046,133828],{"class":77},[55,135048,74],{"class":73},[55,135050,386],{"class":69},[55,135052,135053,135055,135057,135059,135061,135063,135065,135067],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,135054,117],{"class":116},[55,135056,120],{"class":69},[55,135058,5866],{"class":73},[55,135060,198],{"class":69},[55,135062,133101],{"class":123},[55,135064,120],{"class":69},[55,135066,3702],{"class":123},[55,135068,1357],{"class":69},[14,135070,314],{},[45,135072,135074],{"className":47,"code":135073,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"onetwothree\n",[52,135075,135076],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135077,135078],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135079,135073],{"class":61},[14,135081,135082,135083,6226],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[52,135084,133169],{},[1425,135086,135088,135089,131294],{"id":135087},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[52,135090,133024],{},[45,135092,135094],{"className":47,"code":135093,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[52,135095,135096,135128,135146,135150],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135097,135098,135100,135102,135104,135106,135108,135110,135112,135114,135116,135118,135120,135122,135124,135126],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135099,3661],{"class":61},[55,135101,66],{"class":65},[55,135103,3211],{"class":69},[55,135105,74],{"class":73},[55,135107,194],{"class":77},[55,135109,74],{"class":73},[55,135111,83],{"class":69},[55,135113,86],{"class":73},[55,135115,786],{"class":77},[55,135117,74],{"class":73},[55,135119,83],{"class":69},[55,135121,86],{"class":73},[55,135123,795],{"class":77},[55,135125,74],{"class":73},[55,135127,386],{"class":69},[55,135129,135130,135132,135134,135136,135138,135140,135142,135144],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,135131,74],{"class":42925},[55,135133,171],{"class":42929},[55,135135,74],{"class":42925},[55,135137,198],{"class":69},[55,135139,133101],{"class":123},[55,135141,120],{"class":69},[55,135143,3702],{"class":123},[55,135145,103],{"class":69},[55,135147,135148],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,135149,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,135151,135152,135154,135156,135158],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,135153,117],{"class":116},[55,135155,120],{"class":69},[55,135157,3702],{"class":123},[55,135159,103],{"class":69},[14,135161,314],{},[45,135163,135164],{"className":47,"code":42472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,135165,135166],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135167,135168,135170,135172,135174,135176,135178,135180,135182,135184,135186,135188,135190,135192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135169,127],{"class":69},[55,135171,2889],{"class":73},[55,135173,194],{"class":77},[55,135175,2889],{"class":73},[55,135177,83],{"class":69},[55,135179,2884],{"class":73},[55,135181,786],{"class":77},[55,135183,2889],{"class":73},[55,135185,83],{"class":69},[55,135187,2884],{"class":73},[55,135189,795],{"class":77},[55,135191,2889],{"class":73},[55,135193,386],{"class":69},[14,135195,135196,135197,135199],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[52,135198,133024],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[37,135201,135203,135205,135206],{"id":135202},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[52,135204,133024],{}," vs concatenation with ",[52,135207,1643],{},[14,135209,10188,135210,3983,135212,135214],{},[52,135211,133024],{},[52,135213,1643],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[1425,135216,1440,135218,135220],{"id":135217},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[52,135219,1643],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[45,135222,135224],{"className":47,"code":135223,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,135225,135226,135239,135252,135272,135276],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135227,135228,135231,135233,135235,135237],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135229,135230],{"class":61},"first ",[55,135232,66],{"class":65},[55,135234,86],{"class":73},[55,135236,34467],{"class":77},[55,135238,1288],{"class":73},[55,135240,135241,135244,135246,135248,135250],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,135242,135243],{"class":61},"second ",[55,135245,66],{"class":65},[55,135247,86],{"class":73},[55,135249,89330],{"class":77},[55,135251,1288],{"class":73},[55,135253,135254,135256,135258,135261,135263,135265,135267,135269],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,135255,1814],{"class":61},[55,135257,66],{"class":65},[55,135259,135260],{"class":61}," first ",[55,135262,1643],{"class":65},[55,135264,86],{"class":73},[55,135266,86],{"class":73},[55,135268,2039],{"class":65},[55,135270,135271],{"class":61}," second\n",[55,135273,135274],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,135275,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,135277,135278,135280,135282,135284],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,135279,117],{"class":116},[55,135281,120],{"class":69},[55,135283,1849],{"class":123},[55,135285,103],{"class":69},[14,135287,314],{},[45,135289,135291],{"className":47,"code":135290,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Hello World\n",[52,135292,135293],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135294,135295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135296,135290],{"class":61},[1425,135298,1440,135300,135302],{"id":135299},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[52,135301,133024],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[45,135304,135306],{"className":47,"code":135305,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,135307,135308,135350,135370,135374],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135309,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135329,135331,135333,135335,135338,135340,135342,135344,135346,135348],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135311,3661],{"class":61},[55,135313,66],{"class":65},[55,135315,3211],{"class":69},[55,135317,74],{"class":73},[55,135319,6891],{"class":77},[55,135321,74],{"class":73},[55,135323,83],{"class":69},[55,135325,86],{"class":73},[55,135327,135328],{"class":77},"makes",[55,135330,74],{"class":73},[55,135332,83],{"class":69},[55,135334,86],{"class":73},[55,135336,135337],{"class":77},"this",[55,135339,74],{"class":73},[55,135341,83],{"class":69},[55,135343,86],{"class":73},[55,135345,133523],{"class":77},[55,135347,74],{"class":73},[55,135349,386],{"class":69},[55,135351,135352,135354,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,135353,1814],{"class":61},[55,135355,66],{"class":65},[55,135357,86],{"class":73},[55,135359,86],{"class":73},[55,135361,198],{"class":69},[55,135363,133101],{"class":123},[55,135365,120],{"class":69},[55,135367,3702],{"class":123},[55,135369,103],{"class":69},[55,135371,135372],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,135373,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,135375,135376,135378,135380,135382],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,135377,117],{"class":116},[55,135379,120],{"class":69},[55,135381,1849],{"class":123},[55,135383,103],{"class":69},[14,135385,314],{},[45,135387,135389],{"className":47,"code":135388,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Python makes this easy\n",[52,135390,135391],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135392,135393],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135394,135388],{"class":61},[14,135396,135397,135399],{},[52,135398,133024],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[21,135401,135402,135405,135408],{},[24,135403,135404],{},"You already have a list of strings",[24,135406,135407],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[24,135409,135410,135411,135413],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[52,135412,1643],{}," operators",[14,135415,135416,135417,198],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[194,135418,135420],{"href":135419},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[37,135422,135424],{"id":135423},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[14,135426,8472,135427,135429],{},[52,135428,133024],{}," is not working, check these first:",[21,135431,135432,135435,135440,135449,135455],{},[24,135433,135434],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[24,135436,135437,135438],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[52,135439,3368],{},[24,135441,135442,135443,1309,135446],{},"You may have written ",[52,135444,135445],{},"list.join(...)",[52,135447,135448],{},"string.join(...)",[24,135450,135451,135452,135454],{},"You may be expecting ",[52,135453,133024],{}," to change the original iterable",[24,135456,135457],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[14,135459,93970],{},[45,135461,135463],{"className":47,"code":135462,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[52,135464,135465,135479,135489,135513,135553],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135466,135467,135469,135471,135473,135475,135477],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135468,117],{"class":116},[55,135470,120],{"class":69},[55,135472,1396],{"class":850},[55,135474,120],{"class":69},[55,135476,7404],{"class":123},[55,135478,1357],{"class":69},[55,135480,135481,135483,135485,135487],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,135482,117],{"class":116},[55,135484,120],{"class":69},[55,135486,7404],{"class":123},[55,135488,103],{"class":69},[55,135490,135491,135493,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,135492,117],{"class":116},[55,135494,2573],{"class":69},[55,135496,1396],{"class":850},[55,135498,120],{"class":69},[55,135500,22907],{"class":123},[55,135502,970],{"class":69},[55,135504,3468],{"class":959},[55,135506,5554],{"class":123},[55,135508,3474],{"class":959},[55,135510,5559],{"class":123},[55,135512,282],{"class":69},[55,135514,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523,135525,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541,135543,135545,135547,135549,135551],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,135516,117],{"class":116},[55,135518,120],{"class":69},[55,135520,2889],{"class":73},[55,135522,2884],{"class":73},[55,135524,198],{"class":69},[55,135526,133101],{"class":123},[55,135528,2573],{"class":69},[55,135530,2889],{"class":73},[55,135532,194],{"class":77},[55,135534,2889],{"class":73},[55,135536,83],{"class":69},[55,135538,2884],{"class":73},[55,135540,786],{"class":77},[55,135542,2889],{"class":73},[55,135544,83],{"class":69},[55,135546,2884],{"class":73},[55,135548,795],{"class":77},[55,135550,2889],{"class":73},[55,135552,2586],{"class":69},[55,135554,135555,135557,135559,135561,135563,135565,135567,135569,135571,135573,135575,135577,135579,135581,135583,135585,135587,135589,135591],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,135556,117],{"class":116},[55,135558,120],{"class":69},[55,135560,2889],{"class":73},[55,135562,1773],{"class":77},[55,135564,2889],{"class":73},[55,135566,198],{"class":69},[55,135568,133101],{"class":123},[55,135570,120],{"class":69},[55,135572,39455],{"class":116},[55,135574,120],{"class":69},[55,135576,3032],{"class":850},[55,135578,83],{"class":69},[55,135580,3211],{"class":69},[55,135582,152],{"class":130},[55,135584,83],{"class":69},[55,135586,976],{"class":130},[55,135588,83],{"class":69},[55,135590,2036],{"class":130},[55,135592,36861],{"class":69},[14,135594,135595],{},"What these checks do:",[21,135597,135598,135606,135612,135618,135627],{},[24,135599,135600,135603,135604,7691],{},[52,135601,135602],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[52,135605,7404],{},[24,135607,135608,135611],{},[52,135609,135610],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[24,135613,135614,135617],{},[52,135615,135616],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[24,135619,135620,135623,135624,135626],{},[52,135621,135622],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[52,135625,133024],{}," behavior",[24,135628,135629,135632],{},[52,135630,135631],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[37,135634,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,135636,12304,135638,135640],{"id":135637},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[52,135639,133024],{}," work with numbers?",[14,135642,135643,135644,135646,135647,198],{},"Not directly. ",[52,135645,133024],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[52,135648,135649],{},"map(str, values)",[1425,135651,12304,135653,56760],{"id":135652},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[52,135654,133024],{},[14,135656,135657],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[1425,135659,27925,135661,62230],{"id":135660},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[52,135662,133024],{},[14,135664,41749,135665,135667],{},[52,135666,133024],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[1425,135669,4733,135671,39556],{"id":135670},"what-does-joinwords-do",[52,135672,135673],{},"''.join(words)",[14,135675,135676],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[1425,135678,135680,135681,135683,135684,2078],{"id":135679},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[52,135682,2592],{}," when using ",[52,135685,133024],{},[14,135687,135688],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[37,135690,1495],{"id":1494},[21,135692,135693,135698,135704,135710,135716],{},[24,135694,135695],{},[194,135696,135697],{"href":135419},"How to join strings in Python",[24,135699,135700],{},[194,135701,125944,135702,10339],{"href":128631},[52,135703,60128],{},[24,135705,135706],{},[194,135707,3165,135708,3098],{"href":41772},[52,135709,47281],{},[24,135711,135712],{},[194,135713,29945,135714],{"href":134862},[52,135715,134865],{},[24,135717,135718],{},[194,135719,124699],{"href":50571},[14,135721,96939,135722,135724],{},[52,135723,133024],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1524,135726,135727],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html 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.s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":135729},[135730,135731,135733,135736,135743,135753,135761,135771,135778,135779,135791],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":133141,"depth":106,"text":135732},"What join() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":135734},[135735],{"id":48607,"depth":113,"text":48608},{"id":121474,"depth":106,"text":121475,"children":135737},[135738,135739,135740,135741],{"id":133488,"depth":113,"text":133489},{"id":133580,"depth":113,"text":133581},{"id":133681,"depth":113,"text":133682},{"id":133790,"depth":113,"text":135742},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133893,"depth":106,"text":133894,"children":135744},[135745,135747,135749,135751],{"id":133900,"depth":113,"text":135746},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133967,"depth":113,"text":135748},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134056,"depth":113,"text":135750},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134142,"depth":113,"text":135752},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134217,"depth":106,"text":134218,"children":135754},[135755,135756,135757,135759],{"id":134226,"depth":113,"text":134227},{"id":134309,"depth":113,"text":134310},{"id":134463,"depth":113,"text":135758},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134635,"depth":113,"text":135760},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134722,"depth":106,"text":135762,"children":135763},"Common errors with join()",[135764,135766,135768,135769],{"id":134731,"depth":113,"text":135765},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134868,"depth":113,"text":135767},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135012,"depth":113,"text":135013},{"id":135087,"depth":113,"text":135770},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135202,"depth":106,"text":135772,"children":135773},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135774,135776],{"id":135217,"depth":113,"text":135775},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135299,"depth":113,"text":135777},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135423,"depth":106,"text":135424},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":135780},[135781,135783,135785,135787,135789],{"id":135637,"depth":113,"text":135782},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135652,"depth":113,"text":135784},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135660,"depth":113,"text":135786},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135670,"depth":113,"text":135788},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135679,"depth":113,"text":135790},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133016,"description":135792},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135799,"title":135800,"body":135801,"description":137369,"extension":1546,"meta":137370,"navigation":109,"path":137371,"seo":137372,"stem":137373,"__hash__":137374},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135802,"toc":137336},[135803,135808,135813,135815,135829,135874,135881,135886,135891,135893,135909,135918,135920,135922,135937,135939,135949,135951,136013,136015,136018,136079,136081,136097,136099,136112,136115,136162,136164,136170,136173,136176,136236,136244,136330,136334,136339,136341,136355,136358,136443,136446,136504,136515,136570,136572,136579,136585,136591,136635,136638,136685,136687,136689,136696,136698,136729,136732,136734,136765,136769,136772,136774,136814,136816,136859,136865,136870,136872,136899,136904,136907,136956,136960,136963,137038,137049,137052,137109,137116,137122,137130,137135,137142,137149,137167,137169,137223,137231,137233,137238,137241,137247,137253,137258,137261,137267,137273,137280,137288,137290,137333],[10,135804,122944,135806,10920],{"id":135805},"python-string-lower-method",[52,135807,123674],{},[14,135809,122949,135810,135812],{},[52,135811,123674],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[14,135814,23684],{},[21,135816,135817,135820,135823,135826],{},[24,135818,135819],{},"convert text to lowercase",[24,135821,135822],{},"compare text without case differences",[24,135824,135825],{},"clean up user input",[24,135827,135828],{},"make simple text matching easier",[45,135830,135832],{"className":47,"code":135831,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[52,135833,135834,135847,135861],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135835,135836,135838,135840,135842,135845],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135837,34287],{"class":61},[55,135839,66],{"class":65},[55,135841,86],{"class":73},[55,135843,135844],{"class":77},"Hello WORLD",[55,135846,1288],{"class":73},[55,135848,135849,135851,135853,135855,135857,135859],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,135850,1814],{"class":61},[55,135852,66],{"class":65},[55,135854,42438],{"class":61},[55,135856,198],{"class":69},[55,135858,8236],{"class":123},[55,135860,8239],{"class":69},[55,135862,135863,135865,135867,135869,135871],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,135864,117],{"class":116},[55,135866,120],{"class":69},[55,135868,1849],{"class":123},[55,135870,970],{"class":69},[55,135872,135873],{"class":137},"  # hello world\n",[14,135875,135876,88553,135878,135880],{},[3332,135877,83411],{},[52,135879,123674],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[37,135882,3265,135884,3268],{"id":135883},"what-lower-does",[52,135885,123674],{},[14,135887,135888,135890],{},[52,135889,123674],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[14,135892,12652],{},[21,135894,135895,135900,135903,135906],{},[24,135896,135897,135899],{},[52,135898,123674],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[24,135901,135902],{},"It works on string objects",[24,135904,135905],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[24,135907,135908],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[14,135910,124696,135911,135915,135916,198],{},[194,135912,135914],{"href":135913},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[194,135917,50572],{"href":50571},[37,135919,1740],{"id":1739},[14,135921,1743],{},[45,135923,135925],{"className":47,"code":135924,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.lower()\n",[52,135926,135927],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135928,135929,135931,135933,135935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135930,60770],{"class":61},[55,135932,198],{"class":69},[55,135934,8236],{"class":123},[55,135936,8239],{"class":69},[14,135938,43247],{},[21,135940,135941,135943,135946],{},[24,135942,97117],{},[24,135944,135945],{},"You call it directly on a string",[24,135947,135948],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[14,135950,233],{},[45,135952,135954],{"className":47,"code":135953,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[52,135955,135956,135979,135983,135996],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,135957,135958,135960,135962,135964,135967,135969,135971,135973,135976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,135959,117],{"class":116},[55,135961,120],{"class":69},[55,135963,74],{"class":73},[55,135965,135966],{"class":77},"HELLO",[55,135968,74],{"class":73},[55,135970,198],{"class":69},[55,135972,8236],{"class":123},[55,135974,135975],{"class":69},"())",[55,135977,135978],{"class":137},"  # hello\n",[55,135980,135981],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,135982,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,135984,135985,135987,135989,135991,135994],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,135986,7471],{"class":61},[55,135988,66],{"class":65},[55,135990,86],{"class":73},[55,135992,135993],{"class":77},"PyThOn",[55,135995,1288],{"class":73},[55,135997,135998,136000,136002,136004,136006,136008,136010],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,135999,117],{"class":116},[55,136001,120],{"class":69},[55,136003,7263],{"class":123},[55,136005,198],{"class":69},[55,136007,8236],{"class":123},[55,136009,135975],{"class":69},[55,136011,136012],{"class":137},"  # python\n",[37,136014,11073],{"id":11072},[14,136016,136017],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[45,136019,136021],{"className":47,"code":136020,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[52,136022,136023,136035,136039,136054,136058,136069],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136024,136025,136027,136029,136031,136033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136026,34287],{"class":61},[55,136028,66],{"class":65},[55,136030,86],{"class":73},[55,136032,135844],{"class":77},[55,136034,1288],{"class":73},[55,136036,136037],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136038,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136040,136041,136044,136046,136048,136050,136052],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136042,136043],{"class":61},"lower_text ",[55,136045,66],{"class":65},[55,136047,42438],{"class":61},[55,136049,198],{"class":69},[55,136051,8236],{"class":123},[55,136053,8239],{"class":69},[55,136055,136056],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136057,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136059,136060,136062,136064,136067],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,136061,117],{"class":116},[55,136063,120],{"class":69},[55,136065,136066],{"class":123},"lower_text",[55,136068,103],{"class":69},[55,136070,136071,136073,136075,136077],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,136072,117],{"class":116},[55,136074,120],{"class":69},[55,136076,34308],{"class":123},[55,136078,103],{"class":69},[14,136080,314],{},[45,136082,136084],{"className":47,"code":136083,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[52,136085,136086,136090],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136087,136088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136089,133958],{"class":61},[55,136091,136092,136094],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136093,131360],{"class":61},[55,136095,136096],{"class":844},"WORLD\n",[14,136098,24204],{},[21,136100,136101,136106],{},[24,136102,136103,136105],{},[52,136104,123674],{}," returns the lowercase result",[24,136107,136108,136109,136111],{},"the original ",[52,136110,34308],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[14,136113,136114],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[45,136116,136118],{"className":47,"code":136117,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[52,136119,136120,136132,136146,136150],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136121,136122,136124,136126,136128,136130],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136123,34287],{"class":61},[55,136125,66],{"class":65},[55,136127,86],{"class":73},[55,136129,135844],{"class":77},[55,136131,1288],{"class":73},[55,136133,136134,136136,136138,136140,136142,136144],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136135,34287],{"class":61},[55,136137,66],{"class":65},[55,136139,42438],{"class":61},[55,136141,198],{"class":69},[55,136143,8236],{"class":123},[55,136145,8239],{"class":69},[55,136147,136148],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136149,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136151,136152,136154,136156,136158,136160],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136153,117],{"class":116},[55,136155,120],{"class":69},[55,136157,34308],{"class":123},[55,136159,970],{"class":69},[55,136161,135873],{"class":137},[37,136163,17017],{"id":17016},[14,136165,136166,21572,136168,198],{},[52,136167,123674],{},[3332,136169,60770],{},[14,136171,136172],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[14,136174,136175],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[45,136177,136179],{"className":47,"code":136178,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[52,136180,136181,136195,136199,136222],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136182,136183,136186,136188,136190,136193],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136184,136185],{"class":61},"answer ",[55,136187,66],{"class":65},[55,136189,86],{"class":73},[55,136191,136192],{"class":77},"YES",[55,136194,1288],{"class":73},[55,136196,136197],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136198,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136200,136201,136203,136206,136208,136210,136212,136214,136216,136218,136220],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136202,960],{"class":959},[55,136204,136205],{"class":61}," answer",[55,136207,198],{"class":69},[55,136209,8236],{"class":123},[55,136211,6960],{"class":69},[55,136213,6002],{"class":65},[55,136215,86],{"class":73},[55,136217,8254],{"class":77},[55,136219,74],{"class":73},[55,136221,979],{"class":69},[55,136223,136224,136226,136228,136230,136232,136234],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136225,985],{"class":116},[55,136227,120],{"class":69},[55,136229,74],{"class":73},[55,136231,96426],{"class":77},[55,136233,74],{"class":73},[55,136235,103],{"class":69},[14,136237,136238,136239,854],{},"This is especially useful with ",[194,136240,136241,136242,1888],{"href":7814},"the ",[52,136243,2545],{},[45,136245,136247],{"className":47,"code":136246,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[52,136248,136249,136268,136272,136294,136309,136315],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136250,136251,136253,136255,136257,136259,136261,136264,136266],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136252,136185],{"class":61},[55,136254,66],{"class":65},[55,136256,7837],{"class":116},[55,136258,120],{"class":69},[55,136260,74],{"class":73},[55,136262,136263],{"class":77},"Type yes or no: ",[55,136265,74],{"class":73},[55,136267,103],{"class":69},[55,136269,136270],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136271,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136273,136274,136276,136278,136280,136282,136284,136286,136288,136290,136292],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136275,960],{"class":959},[55,136277,136205],{"class":61},[55,136279,198],{"class":69},[55,136281,8236],{"class":123},[55,136283,6960],{"class":69},[55,136285,6002],{"class":65},[55,136287,86],{"class":73},[55,136289,8254],{"class":77},[55,136291,74],{"class":73},[55,136293,979],{"class":69},[55,136295,136296,136298,136300,136302,136305,136307],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136297,985],{"class":116},[55,136299,120],{"class":69},[55,136301,74],{"class":73},[55,136303,136304],{"class":77},"You typed yes",[55,136306,74],{"class":73},[55,136308,103],{"class":69},[55,136310,136311,136313],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,136312,27030],{"class":959},[55,136314,979],{"class":69},[55,136316,136317,136319,136321,136323,136326,136328],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,136318,985],{"class":116},[55,136320,120],{"class":69},[55,136322,74],{"class":73},[55,136324,136325],{"class":77},"You typed something else",[55,136327,74],{"class":73},[55,136329,103],{"class":69},[37,136331,136333],{"id":136332},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[14,136335,136336,136338],{},[52,136337,123674],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[14,136340,6937],{},[21,136342,136343,136346,136349,136352],{},[24,136344,136345],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[24,136347,136348],{},"Make text matching easier",[24,136350,136351],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[24,136353,136354],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[14,136356,136357],{},"Example: checking user input",[45,136359,136361],{"className":47,"code":136360,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[52,136362,136363,136381,136385,136407,136422,136428],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136364,136365,136367,136369,136371,136373,136375,136377,136379],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136366,44556],{"class":61},[55,136368,66],{"class":65},[55,136370,7837],{"class":116},[55,136372,120],{"class":69},[55,136374,74],{"class":73},[55,136376,44567],{"class":77},[55,136378,74],{"class":73},[55,136380,103],{"class":69},[55,136382,136383],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136384,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136386,136387,136389,136391,136393,136395,136397,136399,136401,136403,136405],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136388,960],{"class":959},[55,136390,35451],{"class":61},[55,136392,198],{"class":69},[55,136394,8236],{"class":123},[55,136396,6960],{"class":69},[55,136398,6002],{"class":65},[55,136400,86],{"class":73},[55,136402,98],{"class":77},[55,136404,74],{"class":73},[55,136406,979],{"class":69},[55,136408,136409,136411,136413,136415,136418,136420],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136410,985],{"class":116},[55,136412,120],{"class":69},[55,136414,74],{"class":73},[55,136416,136417],{"class":77},"Nice choice!",[55,136419,74],{"class":73},[55,136421,103],{"class":69},[55,136423,136424,136426],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,136425,27030],{"class":959},[55,136427,979],{"class":69},[55,136429,136430,136432,136434,136436,136439,136441],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,136431,985],{"class":116},[55,136433,120],{"class":69},[55,136435,74],{"class":73},[55,136437,136438],{"class":77},"Got it.",[55,136440,74],{"class":73},[55,136442,103],{"class":69},[14,136444,136445],{},"Example: simple search",[45,136447,136449],{"className":47,"code":136448,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[52,136450,136451,136464,136468,136489],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136452,136453,136455,136457,136459,136462],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136454,89597],{"class":61},[55,136456,66],{"class":65},[55,136458,86],{"class":73},[55,136460,136461],{"class":77},"Python Is Fun",[55,136463,1288],{"class":73},[55,136465,136466],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136467,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136469,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478,136480,136483,136485,136487],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136471,960],{"class":959},[55,136473,86],{"class":73},[55,136475,49],{"class":77},[55,136477,74],{"class":73},[55,136479,20770],{"class":65},[55,136481,136482],{"class":61}," message",[55,136484,198],{"class":69},[55,136486,8236],{"class":123},[55,136488,21192],{"class":69},[55,136490,136491,136493,136495,136497,136500,136502],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136492,985],{"class":116},[55,136494,120],{"class":69},[55,136496,74],{"class":73},[55,136498,136499],{"class":77},"Found it",[55,136501,74],{"class":73},[55,136503,103],{"class":69},[14,136505,136506,136507,136509,136510,854],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[52,136508,123674],{}," is often used with ",[194,136511,136513],{"href":136512},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[52,136514,41250],{},[45,136516,136518],{"className":47,"code":136517,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[52,136519,136520,136533,136552,136556],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136521,136522,136524,136526,136528,136531],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136523,7471],{"class":61},[55,136525,66],{"class":65},[55,136527,86],{"class":73},[55,136529,136530],{"class":77},"  ALICE  ",[55,136532,1288],{"class":73},[55,136534,136535,136538,136540,136542,136544,136546,136548,136550],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136536,136537],{"class":61},"clean_name ",[55,136539,66],{"class":65},[55,136541,35590],{"class":61},[55,136543,198],{"class":69},[55,136545,8230],{"class":123},[55,136547,8233],{"class":69},[55,136549,8236],{"class":123},[55,136551,8239],{"class":69},[55,136553,136554],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136555,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136557,136558,136560,136562,136565,136567],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136559,117],{"class":116},[55,136561,120],{"class":69},[55,136563,136564],{"class":123},"clean_name",[55,136566,970],{"class":69},[55,136568,136569],{"class":137},"  # alice\n",[37,136571,15194],{"id":15193},[14,136573,136574,136575,136578],{},"Strings are ",[3332,136576,136577],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[14,136580,136581,136582,136584],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[52,136583,123674],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[14,136586,136587,136588,136590],{},"So this does ",[3332,136589,4222],{}," update the original variable:",[45,136592,136594],{"className":47,"code":136593,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[52,136595,136596,136608,136618,136622],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136597,136598,136600,136602,136604,136606],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136599,34287],{"class":61},[55,136601,66],{"class":65},[55,136603,86],{"class":73},[55,136605,135966],{"class":77},[55,136607,1288],{"class":73},[55,136609,136610,136612,136614,136616],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136611,34308],{"class":61},[55,136613,198],{"class":69},[55,136615,8236],{"class":123},[55,136617,8239],{"class":69},[55,136619,136620],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136621,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136623,136624,136626,136628,136630,136632],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136625,117],{"class":116},[55,136627,120],{"class":69},[55,136629,34308],{"class":123},[55,136631,970],{"class":69},[55,136633,136634],{"class":137},"  # HELLO\n",[14,136636,136637],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[45,136639,136641],{"className":47,"code":136640,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[52,136642,136643,136655,136669,136673],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136644,136645,136647,136649,136651,136653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136646,34287],{"class":61},[55,136648,66],{"class":65},[55,136650,86],{"class":73},[55,136652,135966],{"class":77},[55,136654,1288],{"class":73},[55,136656,136657,136659,136661,136663,136665,136667],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136658,34287],{"class":61},[55,136660,66],{"class":65},[55,136662,42438],{"class":61},[55,136664,198],{"class":69},[55,136666,8236],{"class":123},[55,136668,8239],{"class":69},[55,136670,136671],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136672,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136674,136675,136677,136679,136681,136683],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136676,117],{"class":116},[55,136678,120],{"class":69},[55,136680,34308],{"class":123},[55,136682,970],{"class":69},[55,136684,135978],{"class":137},[37,136686,1298],{"id":1297},[1425,136688,25284],{"id":25283},[14,136690,136691,136692,1309,136694,198],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[52,136693,8236],{},[52,136695,123674],{},[14,136697,16241],{},[45,136699,136701],{"className":47,"code":136700,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[52,136702,136703,136715],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136704,136705,136707,136709,136711,136713],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136706,34287],{"class":61},[55,136708,66],{"class":65},[55,136710,86],{"class":73},[55,136712,135966],{"class":77},[55,136714,1288],{"class":73},[55,136716,136717,136719,136721,136723,136725,136727],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136718,117],{"class":116},[55,136720,120],{"class":69},[55,136722,34308],{"class":123},[55,136724,198],{"class":69},[55,136726,8236],{"class":24347},[55,136728,103],{"class":69},[14,136730,136731],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[14,136733,16253],{},[45,136735,136737],{"className":47,"code":136736,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[52,136738,136739,136751],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136740,136741,136743,136745,136747,136749],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136742,34287],{"class":61},[55,136744,66],{"class":65},[55,136746,86],{"class":73},[55,136748,135966],{"class":77},[55,136750,1288],{"class":73},[55,136752,136753,136755,136757,136759,136761,136763],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136754,117],{"class":116},[55,136756,120],{"class":69},[55,136758,34308],{"class":123},[55,136760,198],{"class":69},[55,136762,8236],{"class":123},[55,136764,6788],{"class":69},[1425,136766,136768],{"id":136767},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[14,136770,136771],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[14,136773,16241],{},[45,136775,136777],{"className":47,"code":136776,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[52,136778,136779,136791,136801],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136780,136781,136783,136785,136787,136789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136782,34287],{"class":61},[55,136784,66],{"class":65},[55,136786,86],{"class":73},[55,136788,135966],{"class":77},[55,136790,1288],{"class":73},[55,136792,136793,136795,136797,136799],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136794,34308],{"class":61},[55,136796,198],{"class":69},[55,136798,8236],{"class":123},[55,136800,8239],{"class":69},[55,136802,136803,136805,136807,136809,136811],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136804,117],{"class":116},[55,136806,120],{"class":69},[55,136808,34308],{"class":123},[55,136810,970],{"class":69},[55,136812,136813],{"class":137},"  # still HELLO\n",[14,136815,16253],{},[45,136817,136819],{"className":47,"code":136818,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[52,136820,136821,136833,136847],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136822,136823,136825,136827,136829,136831],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136824,34287],{"class":61},[55,136826,66],{"class":65},[55,136828,86],{"class":73},[55,136830,135966],{"class":77},[55,136832,1288],{"class":73},[55,136834,136835,136837,136839,136841,136843,136845],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136836,34287],{"class":61},[55,136838,66],{"class":65},[55,136840,42438],{"class":61},[55,136842,198],{"class":69},[55,136844,8236],{"class":123},[55,136846,8239],{"class":69},[55,136848,136849,136851,136853,136855,136857],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136850,117],{"class":116},[55,136852,120],{"class":69},[55,136854,34308],{"class":123},[55,136856,970],{"class":69},[55,136858,135978],{"class":137},[1425,136860,8012,136862,136864],{"id":136861},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[52,136863,123674],{}," on a non-string value",[14,136866,136867,136869],{},[52,136868,123674],{}," only works on strings.",[14,136871,16241],{},[45,136873,136875],{"className":47,"code":136874,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[52,136876,136877,136885],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136878,136879,136881,136883],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136880,1801],{"class":61},[55,136882,66],{"class":65},[55,136884,124626],{"class":130},[55,136886,136887,136889,136891,136893,136895,136897],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136888,117],{"class":116},[55,136890,120],{"class":69},[55,136892,1824],{"class":123},[55,136894,198],{"class":69},[55,136896,8236],{"class":123},[55,136898,6788],{"class":69},[14,136900,136901,136902,33200],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[52,136903,123674],{},[14,136905,136906],{},"You can check the type first:",[45,136908,136910],{"className":47,"code":136909,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[52,136911,136912,136924,136928,136942],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136913,136914,136916,136918,136920,136922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136915,34287],{"class":61},[55,136917,66],{"class":65},[55,136919,86],{"class":73},[55,136921,135966],{"class":77},[55,136923,1288],{"class":73},[55,136925,136926],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136927,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136929,136930,136932,136934,136936,136938,136940],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136931,117],{"class":116},[55,136933,120],{"class":69},[55,136935,1396],{"class":850},[55,136937,120],{"class":69},[55,136939,34308],{"class":123},[55,136941,1357],{"class":69},[55,136943,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952,136954],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,136945,117],{"class":116},[55,136947,120],{"class":69},[55,136949,34308],{"class":123},[55,136951,198],{"class":69},[55,136953,8236],{"class":123},[55,136955,6788],{"class":69},[1425,136957,136959],{"id":136958},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[14,136961,136962],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[45,136964,136966],{"className":47,"code":136965,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[52,136967,136968,136981,136985,137002,137017,137023],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,136969,136970,136972,136974,136976,136979],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,136971,136185],{"class":61},[55,136973,66],{"class":65},[55,136975,86],{"class":73},[55,136977,136978],{"class":77},"Yes",[55,136980,1288],{"class":73},[55,136982,136983],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,136984,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,136986,136987,136989,136992,136994,136996,136998,137000],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,136988,960],{"class":959},[55,136990,136991],{"class":61}," answer ",[55,136993,4280],{"class":65},[55,136995,86],{"class":73},[55,136997,8254],{"class":77},[55,136999,74],{"class":73},[55,137001,979],{"class":69},[55,137003,137004,137006,137008,137010,137013,137015],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,137005,985],{"class":116},[55,137007,120],{"class":69},[55,137009,74],{"class":73},[55,137011,137012],{"class":77},"Match",[55,137014,74],{"class":73},[55,137016,103],{"class":69},[55,137018,137019,137021],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,137020,27030],{"class":959},[55,137022,979],{"class":69},[55,137024,137025,137027,137029,137031,137034,137036],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,137026,985],{"class":116},[55,137028,120],{"class":69},[55,137030,74],{"class":73},[55,137032,137033],{"class":77},"No match",[55,137035,74],{"class":73},[55,137037,103],{"class":69},[14,137039,28658,137040,3983,137043,137046,137047,198],{},[52,137041,137042],{},"\"Yes\"",[52,137044,137045],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[52,137048,137033],{},[14,137050,137051],{},"Better:",[45,137053,137055],{"className":47,"code":137054,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[52,137056,137057,137069,137073,137095],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137058,137059,137061,137063,137065,137067],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137060,136185],{"class":61},[55,137062,66],{"class":65},[55,137064,86],{"class":73},[55,137066,136978],{"class":77},[55,137068,1288],{"class":73},[55,137070,137071],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137072,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,137074,137075,137077,137079,137081,137083,137085,137087,137089,137091,137093],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,137076,960],{"class":959},[55,137078,136205],{"class":61},[55,137080,198],{"class":69},[55,137082,8236],{"class":123},[55,137084,6960],{"class":69},[55,137086,6002],{"class":65},[55,137088,86],{"class":73},[55,137090,8254],{"class":77},[55,137092,74],{"class":73},[55,137094,979],{"class":69},[55,137096,137097,137099,137101,137103,137105,137107],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,137098,985],{"class":116},[55,137100,120],{"class":69},[55,137102,74],{"class":73},[55,137104,137012],{"class":77},[55,137106,74],{"class":73},[55,137108,103],{"class":69},[1425,137110,43810,137112,137115],{"id":137111},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[52,137113,137114],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[14,137117,137118,137119,137121],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[52,137120,123674],{}," is enough.",[14,137123,137124,137125,137127,137128,198],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[52,137126,137114],{}," can be stronger than ",[52,137129,123674],{},[14,137131,137132,137133,122186],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[52,137134,123674],{},[37,137136,137138,10183,137140],{"id":137137},"lower-vs-upper",[52,137139,123674],{},[52,137141,127822],{},[14,137143,137144,3983,137146,137148],{},[52,137145,123674],{},[52,137147,127822],{}," are very similar.",[21,137150,137151,137156,137161,137164],{},[24,137152,137153,137155],{},[52,137154,123674],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[24,137157,137158,137160],{},[52,137159,127822],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[24,137162,137163],{},"Both return new strings",[24,137165,137166],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[14,137168,233],{},[45,137170,137172],{"className":47,"code":137171,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[52,137173,137174,137186,137190,137206],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137175,137176,137178,137180,137182,137184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137177,34287],{"class":61},[55,137179,66],{"class":65},[55,137181,86],{"class":73},[55,137183,128663],{"class":77},[55,137185,1288],{"class":73},[55,137187,137188],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137189,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,137191,137192,137194,137196,137198,137200,137202,137204],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,137193,117],{"class":116},[55,137195,120],{"class":69},[55,137197,34308],{"class":123},[55,137199,198],{"class":69},[55,137201,8236],{"class":123},[55,137203,135975],{"class":69},[55,137205,135873],{"class":137},[55,137207,137208,137210,137212,137214,137216,137218,137220],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,137209,117],{"class":116},[55,137211,120],{"class":69},[55,137213,34308],{"class":123},[55,137215,198],{"class":69},[55,137217,34077],{"class":123},[55,137219,135975],{"class":69},[55,137221,137222],{"class":137},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[14,137224,137225,137226,198],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[194,137227,125944,137229,10339],{"href":137228},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[52,137230,127822],{},[37,137232,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,137234,12304,137236,124271],{"id":137235},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[52,137237,123674],{},[14,137239,137240],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[1425,137242,12304,137244,137246],{"id":137243},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[52,137245,123674],{}," take any arguments?",[14,137248,137249,137250,198],{},"No. The method is called as ",[52,137251,137252],{},"string.lower()",[1425,137254,4733,137256,12316],{"id":137255},"what-does-lower-return",[52,137257,123674],{},[14,137259,137260],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[1425,137262,27925,137264,137266],{"id":137263},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[52,137265,123674],{}," on user input?",[14,137268,137269,137270,137272],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[52,137271,2545],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[1425,137274,4771,137276,3983,137278,2078],{"id":137275},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[52,137277,123674],{},[52,137279,137114],{},[14,137281,137282,137284,137285,137287],{},[52,137283,123674],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[52,137286,137114],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[37,137289,1495],{"id":1494},[21,137291,137292,137296,137302,137308,137314,137318,137322,137328],{},[24,137293,137294],{},[194,137295,50572],{"href":50571},[24,137297,137298],{},[194,137299,125944,137300,10339],{"href":137228},[52,137301,127822],{},[24,137303,137304],{},[194,137305,125944,137306,10339],{"href":136512},[52,137307,41250],{},[24,137309,137310],{},[194,137311,125944,137312,10339],{"href":129525},[52,137313,124115],{},[24,137315,137316],{},[194,137317,124343],{"href":123199},[24,137319,137320],{},[194,137321,90273],{"href":89282},[24,137323,137324],{},[194,137325,3165,137326,3098],{"href":7814},[52,137327,2545],{},[24,137329,137330],{},[194,137331,137332],{"href":135913},"What is a string in Python?",[1524,137334,137335],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":137337},[137338,137340,137341,137342,137343,137344,137345,137354,137356,137368],{"id":135883,"depth":106,"text":137339},"What lower() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":136332,"depth":106,"text":136333},{"id":15193,"depth":106,"text":15194},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":137346},[137347,137348,137349,137351,137352],{"id":25283,"depth":113,"text":25284},{"id":136767,"depth":113,"text":136768},{"id":136861,"depth":113,"text":137350},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136958,"depth":113,"text":136959},{"id":137111,"depth":113,"text":137353},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137137,"depth":106,"text":137355},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":137357},[137358,137360,137362,137364,137366],{"id":137235,"depth":113,"text":137359},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137243,"depth":113,"text":137361},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137255,"depth":113,"text":137363},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137263,"depth":113,"text":137365},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137275,"depth":113,"text":137367},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135800,"description":137369},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137376,"title":137377,"body":137378,"description":138928,"extension":1546,"meta":138929,"navigation":109,"path":138930,"seo":138931,"stem":138932,"__hash__":138933},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137379,"toc":138889},[137380,137385,137390,137396,137411,137413,137473,137475,137484,137490,137495,137500,137502,137516,137520,137522,137569,137571,137589,137591,137594,137665,137667,137681,137684,137696,137705,137709,137714,137719,137723,137789,137791,137800,137804,137869,137871,137880,137883,137888,137892,137897,137901,137962,137964,137973,137977,137980,138036,138038,138047,138050,138063,138065,138069,138076,138138,138140,138153,138159,138162,138169,138174,138179,138182,138190,138192,138253,138255,138264,138267,138314,138317,138364,138366,138371,138388,138395,138400,138453,138455,138463,138465,138522,138524,138532,138536,138583,138585,138593,138601,138605,138653,138655,138664,138669,138720,138722,138731,138738,138741,138762,138764,138769,138772,138776,138779,138783,138786,138813,138819,138822,138849,138854,138856,138858,138886],[10,137381,122944,137383,10920],{"id":137382},"python-string-replace-method",[52,137384,124115],{},[14,137386,122949,137387,137389],{},[52,137388,124115],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[14,137391,137392,137393,137395],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[52,137394,124115],{},". You will learn:",[21,137397,137398,137402,137405,137408],{},[24,137399,25616,137400,3268],{},[52,137401,124115],{},[24,137403,137404],{},"how its syntax works",[24,137406,137407],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[24,137409,137410],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[37,137412,1588],{"id":1587},[45,137414,137416],{"className":47,"code":137415,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[52,137417,137418,137431,137463],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137419,137420,137422,137424,137426,137429],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137421,34287],{"class":61},[55,137423,66],{"class":65},[55,137425,86],{"class":73},[55,137427,137428],{"class":77},"I like cats",[55,137430,1288],{"class":73},[55,137432,137433,137435,137437,137439,137441,137443,137445,137447,137450,137452,137454,137456,137459,137461],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137434,129783],{"class":61},[55,137436,66],{"class":65},[55,137438,42438],{"class":61},[55,137440,198],{"class":69},[55,137442,34599],{"class":123},[55,137444,120],{"class":69},[55,137446,74],{"class":73},[55,137448,137449],{"class":77},"cats",[55,137451,74],{"class":73},[55,137453,83],{"class":69},[55,137455,86],{"class":73},[55,137457,137458],{"class":77},"dogs",[55,137460,74],{"class":73},[55,137462,103],{"class":69},[55,137464,137465,137467,137469,137471],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,137466,117],{"class":116},[55,137468,120],{"class":69},[55,137470,129814],{"class":123},[55,137472,103],{"class":69},[14,137474,314],{},[45,137476,137478],{"className":47,"code":137477,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"I like dogs\n",[52,137479,137480],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137481,137482],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137483,137477],{"class":61},[14,137485,1440,137486,137489],{},[52,137487,137488],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[37,137491,3265,137493,3268],{"id":137492},"what-replace-does",[52,137494,124115],{},[14,137496,137497,137499],{},[52,137498,124115],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[14,137501,12652],{},[21,137503,137504,137506,137508,137511],{},[24,137505,133190],{},[24,137507,135908],{},[24,137509,137510],{},"It works on exact matches",[24,137512,137513,137514],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[52,137515,40856],{},[14,137517,124696,137518,198],{},[194,137519,124699],{"href":50571},[37,137521,5023],{"id":5022},[45,137523,137525],{"className":47,"code":137524,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[52,137526,137527,137547],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137528,137529,137531,137533,137535,137537,137540,137542,137545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137530,60770],{"class":61},[55,137532,198],{"class":69},[55,137534,34599],{"class":123},[55,137536,120],{"class":69},[55,137538,137539],{"class":123},"old",[55,137541,83],{"class":69},[55,137543,137544],{"class":123}," new",[55,137546,103],{"class":69},[55,137548,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563,137565,137567],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137550,60770],{"class":61},[55,137552,198],{"class":69},[55,137554,34599],{"class":123},[55,137556,120],{"class":69},[55,137558,137539],{"class":123},[55,137560,83],{"class":69},[55,137562,137544],{"class":123},[55,137564,83],{"class":69},[55,137566,49200],{"class":123},[55,137568,103],{"class":69},[1425,137570,16993],{"id":16992},[21,137572,137573,137578,137584],{},[24,137574,137575,137577],{},[52,137576,137539],{}," = the text to find",[24,137579,137580,137583],{},[52,137581,137582],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[24,137585,137586,137588],{},[52,137587,40856],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[37,137590,5380],{"id":5379},[14,137592,137593],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[45,137595,137597],{"className":47,"code":137596,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[52,137598,137599,137611,137641,137645,137655],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137600,137601,137603,137605,137607,137609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137602,34287],{"class":61},[55,137604,66],{"class":65},[55,137606,86],{"class":73},[55,137608,137428],{"class":77},[55,137610,1288],{"class":73},[55,137612,137613,137615,137617,137619,137621,137623,137625,137627,137629,137631,137633,137635,137637,137639],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137614,129783],{"class":61},[55,137616,66],{"class":65},[55,137618,42438],{"class":61},[55,137620,198],{"class":69},[55,137622,34599],{"class":123},[55,137624,120],{"class":69},[55,137626,74],{"class":73},[55,137628,137449],{"class":77},[55,137630,74],{"class":73},[55,137632,83],{"class":69},[55,137634,86],{"class":73},[55,137636,137458],{"class":77},[55,137638,74],{"class":73},[55,137640,103],{"class":69},[55,137642,137643],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,137644,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,137646,137647,137649,137651,137653],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,137648,117],{"class":116},[55,137650,120],{"class":69},[55,137652,34308],{"class":123},[55,137654,103],{"class":69},[55,137656,137657,137659,137661,137663],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,137658,117],{"class":116},[55,137660,120],{"class":69},[55,137662,129814],{"class":123},[55,137664,103],{"class":69},[14,137666,314],{},[45,137668,137670],{"className":47,"code":137669,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[52,137671,137672,137677],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137673,137674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137675,137676],{"class":61},"I like cats\n",[55,137678,137679],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137680,137477],{"class":61},[14,137682,137683],{},"Notice what happened:",[21,137685,137686,137691],{},[24,137687,137688,137690],{},[52,137689,34308],{}," did not change",[24,137692,137693,137695],{},[52,137694,129814],{}," contains the updated value",[14,137697,137698,137699,137701,137702,137704],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3332,137700,136577],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[52,137703,124115],{}," return a new string instead.",[37,137706,137708],{"id":137707},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[14,137710,89291,137711,137713],{},[52,137712,124115],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[14,137715,137716,137717,36217],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[52,137718,40856],{},[1425,137720,137722],{"id":137721},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[45,137724,137726],{"className":47,"code":137725,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,137727,137728,137741,137775,137779],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137729,137730,137732,137734,137736,137739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137731,34287],{"class":61},[55,137733,66],{"class":65},[55,137735,86],{"class":73},[55,137737,137738],{"class":77},"cat cat cat",[55,137740,1288],{"class":73},[55,137742,137743,137745,137747,137749,137751,137753,137755,137757,137759,137761,137763,137765,137767,137769,137771,137773],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137744,1814],{"class":61},[55,137746,66],{"class":65},[55,137748,42438],{"class":61},[55,137750,198],{"class":69},[55,137752,34599],{"class":123},[55,137754,120],{"class":69},[55,137756,74],{"class":73},[55,137758,36643],{"class":77},[55,137760,74],{"class":73},[55,137762,83],{"class":69},[55,137764,86],{"class":73},[55,137766,57724],{"class":77},[55,137768,74],{"class":73},[55,137770,83],{"class":69},[55,137772,5090],{"class":130},[55,137774,103],{"class":69},[55,137776,137777],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,137778,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,137780,137781,137783,137785,137787],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,137782,117],{"class":116},[55,137784,120],{"class":69},[55,137786,1849],{"class":123},[55,137788,103],{"class":69},[14,137790,314],{},[45,137792,137794],{"className":47,"code":137793,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dog cat cat\n",[52,137795,137796],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137797,137798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137799,137793],{"class":61},[1425,137801,137803],{"id":137802},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[45,137805,137807],{"className":47,"code":137806,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,137808,137809,137821,137855,137859],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137810,137811,137813,137815,137817,137819],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137812,34287],{"class":61},[55,137814,66],{"class":65},[55,137816,86],{"class":73},[55,137818,137738],{"class":77},[55,137820,1288],{"class":73},[55,137822,137823,137825,137827,137829,137831,137833,137835,137837,137839,137841,137843,137845,137847,137849,137851,137853],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137824,1814],{"class":61},[55,137826,66],{"class":65},[55,137828,42438],{"class":61},[55,137830,198],{"class":69},[55,137832,34599],{"class":123},[55,137834,120],{"class":69},[55,137836,74],{"class":73},[55,137838,36643],{"class":77},[55,137840,74],{"class":73},[55,137842,83],{"class":69},[55,137844,86],{"class":73},[55,137846,57724],{"class":77},[55,137848,74],{"class":73},[55,137850,83],{"class":69},[55,137852,976],{"class":130},[55,137854,103],{"class":69},[55,137856,137857],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,137858,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,137860,137861,137863,137865,137867],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,137862,117],{"class":116},[55,137864,120],{"class":69},[55,137866,1849],{"class":123},[55,137868,103],{"class":69},[14,137870,314],{},[45,137872,137874],{"className":47,"code":137873,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"dog dog cat\n",[52,137875,137876],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137877,137878],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137879,137873],{"class":61},[14,137881,137882],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[14,137884,137885,137886,198],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[194,137887,127668],{"href":124112},[37,137889,137891],{"id":137890},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[14,137893,137894,137896],{},[52,137895,124115],{}," can also change single characters.",[1425,137898,137900],{"id":137899},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[45,137902,137904],{"className":47,"code":137903,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,137905,137906,137918,137948,137952],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137907,137908,137910,137912,137914,137916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137909,34287],{"class":61},[55,137911,66],{"class":65},[55,137913,86],{"class":73},[55,137915,416],{"class":77},[55,137917,1288],{"class":73},[55,137919,137920,137922,137924,137926,137928,137930,137932,137934,137936,137938,137940,137942,137944,137946],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,137921,1814],{"class":61},[55,137923,66],{"class":65},[55,137925,42438],{"class":61},[55,137927,198],{"class":69},[55,137929,34599],{"class":123},[55,137931,120],{"class":69},[55,137933,74],{"class":73},[55,137935,194],{"class":77},[55,137937,74],{"class":73},[55,137939,83],{"class":69},[55,137941,86],{"class":73},[55,137943,60070],{"class":77},[55,137945,74],{"class":73},[55,137947,103],{"class":69},[55,137949,137950],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,137951,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,137953,137954,137956,137958,137960],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,137955,117],{"class":116},[55,137957,120],{"class":69},[55,137959,1849],{"class":123},[55,137961,103],{"class":69},[14,137963,314],{},[45,137965,137967],{"className":47,"code":137966,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"bonono\n",[52,137968,137969],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137970,137971],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137972,137966],{"class":61},[1425,137974,137976],{"id":137975},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[14,137978,137979],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[45,137981,137983],{"className":47,"code":137982,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,137984,137985,137998,138022,138026],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,137986,137987,137989,137991,137993,137996],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,137988,34287],{"class":61},[55,137990,66],{"class":65},[55,137992,86],{"class":73},[55,137994,137995],{"class":77},"a b c",[55,137997,1288],{"class":73},[55,137999,138000,138002,138004,138006,138008,138010,138012,138014,138016,138018,138020],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138001,1814],{"class":61},[55,138003,66],{"class":65},[55,138005,42438],{"class":61},[55,138007,198],{"class":69},[55,138009,34599],{"class":123},[55,138011,120],{"class":69},[55,138013,74],{"class":73},[55,138015,86],{"class":73},[55,138017,83],{"class":69},[55,138019,5720],{"class":73},[55,138021,103],{"class":69},[55,138023,138024],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,138025,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,138027,138028,138030,138032,138034],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,138029,117],{"class":116},[55,138031,120],{"class":69},[55,138033,1849],{"class":123},[55,138035,103],{"class":69},[14,138037,314],{},[45,138039,138041],{"className":47,"code":138040,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"abc\n",[52,138042,138043],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138044,138045],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138046,138040],{"class":61},[14,138048,138049],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[14,138051,138052,138053,138057,138058,138062],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[194,138054,125944,138055,10339],{"href":128631},[52,138056,60128],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[194,138059,125944,138060,10339],{"href":136512},[52,138061,41250],{}," is often a better choice.",[37,138064,123591],{"id":123590},[14,138066,138067,123402],{},[52,138068,124115],{},[14,138070,126989,138071,3983,138073,126996],{},[52,138072,112628],{},[52,138074,138075],{},"\"Cat\"",[45,138077,138079],{"className":47,"code":138078,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,138080,138081,138094,138124,138128],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138082,138083,138085,138087,138089,138092],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138084,34287],{"class":61},[55,138086,66],{"class":65},[55,138088,86],{"class":73},[55,138090,138091],{"class":77},"Cat cat CAT",[55,138093,1288],{"class":73},[55,138095,138096,138098,138100,138102,138104,138106,138108,138110,138112,138114,138116,138118,138120,138122],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138097,1814],{"class":61},[55,138099,66],{"class":65},[55,138101,42438],{"class":61},[55,138103,198],{"class":69},[55,138105,34599],{"class":123},[55,138107,120],{"class":69},[55,138109,74],{"class":73},[55,138111,36643],{"class":77},[55,138113,74],{"class":73},[55,138115,83],{"class":69},[55,138117,86],{"class":73},[55,138119,57724],{"class":77},[55,138121,74],{"class":73},[55,138123,103],{"class":69},[55,138125,138126],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,138127,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,138129,138130,138132,138134,138136],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,138131,117],{"class":116},[55,138133,120],{"class":69},[55,138135,1849],{"class":123},[55,138137,103],{"class":69},[14,138139,314],{},[45,138141,138143],{"className":47,"code":138142,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Cat dog CAT\n",[52,138144,138145],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138146,138147,138150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138148,138149],{"class":61},"Cat dog ",[55,138151,138152],{"class":844},"CAT\n",[14,138154,138155,138156,138158],{},"Only the lowercase ",[52,138157,112628],{}," was replaced.",[14,138160,138161],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[14,138163,138164,138165,198],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[194,138166,125944,138167,10339],{"href":123671},[52,138168,123674],{},[37,138170,3265,138172,11304],{"id":138171},"what-replace-returns",[52,138173,124115],{},[14,138175,138176,138178],{},[52,138177,124115],{}," returns a new string.",[14,138180,138181],{},"If no match is found:",[21,138183,138184,138187],{},[24,138185,138186],{},"no error happens",[24,138188,138189],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[14,138191,233],{},[45,138193,138195],{"className":47,"code":138194,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,138196,138197,138209,138239,138243],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138198,138199,138201,138203,138205,138207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138200,34287],{"class":61},[55,138202,66],{"class":65},[55,138204,86],{"class":73},[55,138206,3436],{"class":77},[55,138208,1288],{"class":73},[55,138210,138211,138213,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138212,1814],{"class":61},[55,138214,66],{"class":65},[55,138216,42438],{"class":61},[55,138218,198],{"class":69},[55,138220,34599],{"class":123},[55,138222,120],{"class":69},[55,138224,74],{"class":73},[55,138226,1757],{"class":77},[55,138228,74],{"class":73},[55,138230,83],{"class":69},[55,138232,86],{"class":73},[55,138234,11344],{"class":77},[55,138236,74],{"class":73},[55,138238,103],{"class":69},[55,138240,138241],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,138242,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,138244,138245,138247,138249,138251],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,138246,117],{"class":116},[55,138248,120],{"class":69},[55,138250,1849],{"class":123},[55,138252,103],{"class":69},[14,138254,314],{},[45,138256,138258],{"className":47,"code":138257,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"hello\n",[52,138259,138260],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138261,138262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138263,138257],{"class":61},[14,138265,138266],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[45,138268,138270],{"className":47,"code":138269,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[52,138271,138272,138284],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138273,138274,138276,138278,138280,138282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138275,34287],{"class":61},[55,138277,66],{"class":65},[55,138279,86],{"class":73},[55,138281,60003],{"class":77},[55,138283,1288],{"class":73},[55,138285,138286,138288,138290,138292,138294,138296,138298,138300,138302,138304,138306,138308,138310,138312],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138287,129783],{"class":61},[55,138289,66],{"class":65},[55,138291,42438],{"class":61},[55,138293,198],{"class":69},[55,138295,34599],{"class":123},[55,138297,120],{"class":69},[55,138299,74],{"class":73},[55,138301,60188],{"class":77},[55,138303,74],{"class":73},[55,138305,83],{"class":69},[55,138307,86],{"class":73},[55,138309,6891],{"class":77},[55,138311,74],{"class":73},[55,138313,103],{"class":69},[14,138315,138316],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[45,138318,138320],{"className":47,"code":138319,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[52,138321,138322,138334],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138323,138324,138326,138328,138330,138332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138325,34287],{"class":61},[55,138327,66],{"class":65},[55,138329,86],{"class":73},[55,138331,60003],{"class":77},[55,138333,1288],{"class":73},[55,138335,138336,138338,138340,138342,138344,138346,138348,138350,138352,138354,138356,138358,138360,138362],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138337,34287],{"class":61},[55,138339,66],{"class":65},[55,138341,42438],{"class":61},[55,138343,198],{"class":69},[55,138345,34599],{"class":123},[55,138347,120],{"class":69},[55,138349,74],{"class":73},[55,138351,60188],{"class":77},[55,138353,74],{"class":73},[55,138355,83],{"class":69},[55,138357,86],{"class":73},[55,138359,6891],{"class":77},[55,138361,74],{"class":73},[55,138363,103],{"class":69},[37,138365,4109],{"id":4108},[14,138367,138368,138369,854],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[52,138370,124115],{},[21,138372,138373,138376,138380,138383],{},[24,138374,138375],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[24,138377,8048,138378,131164],{},[52,138379,124115],{},[24,138381,138382],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[24,138384,36800,138385,138387],{},[52,138386,124115],{}," with regex-based replacements",[1425,138389,138391,138392,138394],{"id":138390},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[52,138393,124115],{}," without assigning the result",[14,138396,138397,138398,854],{},"This does not update ",[52,138399,34308],{},[45,138401,138403],{"className":47,"code":138402,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,138404,138405,138417,138443],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138406,138407,138409,138411,138413,138415],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138408,34287],{"class":61},[55,138410,66],{"class":65},[55,138412,86],{"class":73},[55,138414,137428],{"class":77},[55,138416,1288],{"class":73},[55,138418,138419,138421,138423,138425,138427,138429,138431,138433,138435,138437,138439,138441],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138420,34308],{"class":61},[55,138422,198],{"class":69},[55,138424,34599],{"class":123},[55,138426,120],{"class":69},[55,138428,74],{"class":73},[55,138430,137449],{"class":77},[55,138432,74],{"class":73},[55,138434,83],{"class":69},[55,138436,86],{"class":73},[55,138438,137458],{"class":77},[55,138440,74],{"class":73},[55,138442,103],{"class":69},[55,138444,138445,138447,138449,138451],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,138446,117],{"class":116},[55,138448,120],{"class":69},[55,138450,34308],{"class":123},[55,138452,103],{"class":69},[14,138454,314],{},[45,138456,138457],{"className":47,"code":137676,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,138458,138459],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138460,138461],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138462,137676],{"class":61},[14,138464,10406],{},[45,138466,138468],{"className":47,"code":138467,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[52,138469,138470,138482,138512],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138473,34287],{"class":61},[55,138475,66],{"class":65},[55,138477,86],{"class":73},[55,138479,137428],{"class":77},[55,138481,1288],{"class":73},[55,138483,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492,138494,138496,138498,138500,138502,138504,138506,138508,138510],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138485,34287],{"class":61},[55,138487,66],{"class":65},[55,138489,42438],{"class":61},[55,138491,198],{"class":69},[55,138493,34599],{"class":123},[55,138495,120],{"class":69},[55,138497,74],{"class":73},[55,138499,137449],{"class":77},[55,138501,74],{"class":73},[55,138503,83],{"class":69},[55,138505,86],{"class":73},[55,138507,137458],{"class":77},[55,138509,74],{"class":73},[55,138511,103],{"class":69},[55,138513,138514,138516,138518,138520],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,138515,117],{"class":116},[55,138517,120],{"class":69},[55,138519,34308],{"class":123},[55,138521,103],{"class":69},[14,138523,314],{},[45,138525,138526],{"className":47,"code":137477,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,138527,138528],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138529,138530],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138531,137477],{"class":61},[1425,138533,138535],{"id":138534},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[45,138537,138539],{"className":47,"code":138538,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[52,138540,138541,138553],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138542,138543,138545,138547,138549,138551],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138544,34287],{"class":61},[55,138546,66],{"class":65},[55,138548,86],{"class":73},[55,138550,34467],{"class":77},[55,138552,1288],{"class":73},[55,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561,138563,138565,138567,138569,138571,138573,138575,138577,138579,138581],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138556,117],{"class":116},[55,138558,120],{"class":69},[55,138560,34308],{"class":123},[55,138562,198],{"class":69},[55,138564,34599],{"class":123},[55,138566,120],{"class":69},[55,138568,74],{"class":73},[55,138570,3436],{"class":77},[55,138572,74],{"class":73},[55,138574,83],{"class":69},[55,138576,86],{"class":73},[55,138578,89526],{"class":77},[55,138580,74],{"class":73},[55,138582,1357],{"class":69},[14,138584,314],{},[45,138586,138587],{"className":47,"code":88539,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,138588,138589],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138590,138591],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138592,88539],{"class":61},[14,138594,138595,138596,3983,138598,138600],{},"Nothing changed because ",[52,138597,64130],{},[52,138599,90008],{}," are not the same.",[1425,138602,138604],{"id":138603},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[45,138606,138608],{"className":47,"code":138607,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[52,138609,138610,138623],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138611,138612,138614,138616,138618,138621],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138613,34287],{"class":61},[55,138615,66],{"class":65},[55,138617,86],{"class":73},[55,138619,138620],{"class":77},"red red red",[55,138622,1288],{"class":73},[55,138624,138625,138627,138629,138631,138633,138635,138637,138639,138641,138643,138645,138647,138649,138651],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138626,117],{"class":116},[55,138628,120],{"class":69},[55,138630,34308],{"class":123},[55,138632,198],{"class":69},[55,138634,34599],{"class":123},[55,138636,120],{"class":69},[55,138638,74],{"class":73},[55,138640,78],{"class":77},[55,138642,74],{"class":73},[55,138644,83],{"class":69},[55,138646,86],{"class":73},[55,138648,98],{"class":77},[55,138650,74],{"class":73},[55,138652,1357],{"class":69},[14,138654,314],{},[45,138656,138658],{"className":47,"code":138657,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"blue blue blue\n",[52,138659,138660],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138661,138662],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138663,138657],{"class":61},[14,138665,138666,138667,854],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[52,138668,40856],{},[45,138670,138672],{"className":47,"code":138671,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[52,138673,138674,138686],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138675,138676,138678,138680,138682,138684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138677,34287],{"class":61},[55,138679,66],{"class":65},[55,138681,86],{"class":73},[55,138683,138620],{"class":77},[55,138685,1288],{"class":73},[55,138687,138688,138690,138692,138694,138696,138698,138700,138702,138704,138706,138708,138710,138712,138714,138716,138718],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138689,117],{"class":116},[55,138691,120],{"class":69},[55,138693,34308],{"class":123},[55,138695,198],{"class":69},[55,138697,34599],{"class":123},[55,138699,120],{"class":69},[55,138701,74],{"class":73},[55,138703,78],{"class":77},[55,138705,74],{"class":73},[55,138707,83],{"class":69},[55,138709,86],{"class":73},[55,138711,98],{"class":77},[55,138713,74],{"class":73},[55,138715,83],{"class":69},[55,138717,5090],{"class":130},[55,138719,1357],{"class":69},[14,138721,314],{},[45,138723,138725],{"className":47,"code":138724,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"blue red red\n",[52,138726,138727],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138728,138729],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138730,138724],{"class":61},[1425,138732,138734,138735,138737],{"id":138733},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[52,138736,124115],{}," for the wrong task",[14,138739,138740],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[21,138742,138743,138750,138757],{},[24,138744,1440,138745,138749],{},[194,138746,138747],{"href":128631},[52,138748,60128],{}," to break a string into a list",[24,138751,1440,138752,138756],{},[194,138753,138754],{"href":136512},[52,138755,41250],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[24,138758,1440,138759,138761],{},[52,138760,124115],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[37,138763,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,138765,12304,138767,124271],{"id":138766},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[52,138768,124115],{},[14,138770,138771],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[1425,138773,138775],{"id":138774},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[14,138777,138778],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[1425,138780,138782],{"id":138781},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[14,138784,138785],{},"Use the third argument:",[45,138787,138789],{"className":47,"code":138788,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[52,138790,138791],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138792,138793,138795,138797,138799,138801,138803,138805,138807,138809,138811],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138794,34308],{"class":61},[55,138796,198],{"class":69},[55,138798,34599],{"class":123},[55,138800,120],{"class":69},[55,138802,137539],{"class":123},[55,138804,83],{"class":69},[55,138806,137544],{"class":123},[55,138808,83],{"class":69},[55,138810,5090],{"class":130},[55,138812,103],{"class":69},[1425,138814,4761,138816,138818],{"id":138815},"can-replace-remove-text",[52,138817,124115],{}," remove text?",[14,138820,138821],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[45,138823,138825],{"className":47,"code":138824,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[52,138826,138827],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138828,138829,138831,138833,138835,138837,138839,138841,138843,138845,138847],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138830,34308],{"class":61},[55,138832,198],{"class":69},[55,138834,34599],{"class":123},[55,138836,120],{"class":69},[55,138838,74],{"class":73},[55,138840,1757],{"class":77},[55,138842,74],{"class":73},[55,138844,83],{"class":69},[55,138846,5720],{"class":73},[55,138848,103],{"class":69},[1425,138850,14500,138852,124280],{"id":138851},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[52,138853,124115],{},[14,138855,129473],{},[37,138857,1495],{"id":1494},[21,138859,138860,138864,138870,138876,138882],{},[24,138861,138862],{},[194,138863,124350],{"href":124112},[24,138865,138866],{},[194,138867,125944,138868,10339],{"href":128631},[52,138869,60128],{},[24,138871,138872],{},[194,138873,125944,138874,10339],{"href":136512},[52,138875,41250],{},[24,138877,138878],{},[194,138879,125944,138880,10339],{"href":123671},[52,138881,123674],{},[24,138883,138884],{},[194,138885,124699],{"href":50571},[1524,138887,138888],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":138890},[138891,138892,138894,138897,138898,138902,138906,138907,138909,138917,138927],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":137492,"depth":106,"text":138893},"What replace() does",{"id":5022,"depth":106,"text":5023,"children":138895},[138896],{"id":16992,"depth":113,"text":16993},{"id":5379,"depth":106,"text":5380},{"id":137707,"depth":106,"text":137708,"children":138899},[138900,138901],{"id":137721,"depth":113,"text":137722},{"id":137802,"depth":113,"text":137803},{"id":137890,"depth":106,"text":137891,"children":138903},[138904,138905],{"id":137899,"depth":113,"text":137900},{"id":137975,"depth":113,"text":137976},{"id":123590,"depth":106,"text":123591},{"id":138171,"depth":106,"text":138908},"What replace() returns",{"id":4108,"depth":106,"text":4109,"children":138910},[138911,138913,138914,138915],{"id":138390,"depth":113,"text":138912},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138534,"depth":113,"text":138535},{"id":138603,"depth":113,"text":138604},{"id":138733,"depth":113,"text":138916},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":138918},[138919,138921,138922,138923,138925],{"id":138766,"depth":113,"text":138920},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138774,"depth":113,"text":138775},{"id":138781,"depth":113,"text":138782},{"id":138815,"depth":113,"text":138924},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138851,"depth":113,"text":138926},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137377,"description":138928},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138935,"title":138936,"body":138937,"description":140956,"extension":1546,"meta":140957,"navigation":109,"path":140958,"seo":140959,"stem":140960,"__hash__":140961},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138938,"toc":140920},[138939,138944,138949,138952,138963,138965,139020,139025,139030,139037,139039,139054,139056,139112,139114,139152,139157,139159,139183,139186,139199,139204,139206,139238,139240,139273,139279,139284,139287,139297,139300,139302,139358,139360,139410,139413,139421,139424,139480,139482,139555,139568,139576,139580,139591,139594,139597,139650,139652,139684,139687,139741,139743,139778,139781,139786,139791,139796,139799,139801,139859,139861,139895,139897,139912,139915,139917,139959,139961,139987,139992,140000,140003,140005,140087,140089,140140,140143,140154,140162,140164,140237,140239,140257,140261,140264,140268,140295,140297,140305,140309,140344,140346,140359,140363,140366,140405,140407,140424,140429,140434,140445,140448,140459,140461,140463,140489,140492,140541,140543,140560,140563,140565,140617,140619,140651,140654,140712,140717,140719,140724,140827,140829,140843,140845,140852,140857,140862,140867,140872,140877,140880,140884,140889,140891,140917],[10,138940,122944,138942,10920],{"id":138941},"python-string-split-method",[52,138943,60128],{},[14,138945,122949,138946,138948],{},[52,138947,60128],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[14,138950,138951],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[21,138953,138954,138957,138960],{},[24,138955,138956],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[24,138958,138959],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[24,138961,138962],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[37,138964,1588],{"id":1587},[45,138966,138968],{"className":47,"code":138967,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[52,138969,138970,138983,139005,139015],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,138971,138972,138974,138976,138978,138981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,138973,34287],{"class":61},[55,138975,66],{"class":65},[55,138977,86],{"class":73},[55,138979,138980],{"class":77},"apple,banana,cherry",[55,138982,1288],{"class":73},[55,138984,138985,138987,138989,138991,138993,138995,138997,138999,139001,139003],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,138986,42433],{"class":61},[55,138988,66],{"class":65},[55,138990,42438],{"class":61},[55,138992,198],{"class":69},[55,138994,34068],{"class":123},[55,138996,120],{"class":69},[55,138998,74],{"class":73},[55,139000,83],{"class":77},[55,139002,74],{"class":73},[55,139004,103],{"class":69},[55,139006,139007,139009,139011,139013],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,139008,117],{"class":116},[55,139010,120],{"class":69},[55,139012,42465],{"class":123},[55,139014,103],{"class":69},[55,139016,139017],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,139018,139019],{"class":137},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[14,139021,1440,139022,139024],{},[52,139023,60128],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[37,139026,3265,139028,3268],{"id":139027},"what-split-does",[52,139029,60128],{},[14,139031,139032,131992,139034,198],{},[52,139033,60128],{},[3332,139035,139036],{},"string method",[14,139038,48525],{},[21,139040,139041,139044,139049],{},[24,139042,139043],{},"divides a string into parts",[24,139045,119246,139046],{},[3332,139047,139048],{},"new list of strings",[24,139050,119252,139051,139053],{},[3332,139052,4222],{}," change the original string",[14,139055,233],{},[45,139057,139059],{"className":47,"code":139058,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[52,139060,139061,139074,139088,139092,139102],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139062,139063,139065,139067,139069,139072],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139064,34287],{"class":61},[55,139066,66],{"class":65},[55,139068,86],{"class":73},[55,139070,139071],{"class":77},"red blue green",[55,139073,1288],{"class":73},[55,139075,139076,139078,139080,139082,139084,139086],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139077,42433],{"class":61},[55,139079,66],{"class":65},[55,139081,42438],{"class":61},[55,139083,198],{"class":69},[55,139085,34068],{"class":123},[55,139087,8239],{"class":69},[55,139089,139090],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,139091,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,139093,139094,139096,139098,139100],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,139095,117],{"class":116},[55,139097,120],{"class":69},[55,139099,34308],{"class":123},[55,139101,103],{"class":69},[55,139103,139104,139106,139108,139110],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,139105,117],{"class":116},[55,139107,120],{"class":69},[55,139109,42465],{"class":123},[55,139111,103],{"class":69},[14,139113,314],{},[45,139115,139117],{"className":47,"code":139116,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[52,139118,139119,139124],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139120,139121],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139122,139123],{"class":61},"red blue green\n",[55,139125,139126,139128,139130,139132,139134,139136,139138,139140,139142,139144,139146,139148,139150],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139127,127],{"class":69},[55,139129,2889],{"class":73},[55,139131,78],{"class":77},[55,139133,2889],{"class":73},[55,139135,83],{"class":69},[55,139137,2884],{"class":73},[55,139139,98],{"class":77},[55,139141,2889],{"class":73},[55,139143,83],{"class":69},[55,139145,2884],{"class":73},[55,139147,89],{"class":77},[55,139149,2889],{"class":73},[55,139151,386],{"class":69},[14,139153,139154,139155,198],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[194,139156,124699],{"href":50571},[37,139158,1740],{"id":1739},[45,139160,139162],{"className":47,"code":139161,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[52,139163,139164],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139165,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139167,60770],{"class":61},[55,139169,198],{"class":69},[55,139171,34068],{"class":123},[55,139173,120],{"class":69},[55,139175,133346],{"class":123},[55,139177,83],{"class":69},[55,139179,139180],{"class":123}," maxsplit",[55,139182,103],{"class":69},[14,139184,139185],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[21,139187,139188,139193],{},[24,139189,139190,139192],{},[52,139191,133346],{}," tells Python where to split",[24,139194,139195,139198],{},[52,139196,139197],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[14,139200,8472,139201,139203],{},[52,139202,133346],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139205,233],{},[45,139207,139209],{"className":47,"code":139208,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[52,139210,139211,139224],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139212,139213,139215,139217,139219,139222],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139214,34287],{"class":61},[55,139216,66],{"class":65},[55,139218,86],{"class":73},[55,139220,139221],{"class":77},"one two three",[55,139223,1288],{"class":73},[55,139225,139226,139228,139230,139232,139234,139236],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139227,117],{"class":116},[55,139229,120],{"class":69},[55,139231,34308],{"class":123},[55,139233,198],{"class":69},[55,139235,34068],{"class":123},[55,139237,6788],{"class":69},[14,139239,314],{},[45,139241,139243],{"className":47,"code":139242,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[52,139244,139245],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139246,139247,139249,139251,139253,139255,139257,139259,139261,139263,139265,139267,139269,139271],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139248,127],{"class":69},[55,139250,2889],{"class":73},[55,139252,6180],{"class":77},[55,139254,2889],{"class":73},[55,139256,83],{"class":69},[55,139258,2884],{"class":73},[55,139260,78861],{"class":77},[55,139262,2889],{"class":73},[55,139264,83],{"class":69},[55,139266,2884],{"class":73},[55,139268,133828],{"class":77},[55,139270,2889],{"class":73},[55,139272,386],{"class":69},[37,139274,8012,139276,139278],{"id":139275},"using-split-with-no-separator",[52,139277,60128],{}," with no separator",[14,139280,69768,139281,139283],{},[52,139282,60128],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[14,139285,139286],{},"Whitespace includes:",[21,139288,139289,139291,139294],{},[24,139290,10049],{},[24,139292,139293],{},"tabs",[24,139295,139296],{},"new lines",[14,139298,139299],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[14,139301,233],{},[45,139303,139305],{"className":47,"code":139304,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[52,139306,139307,139330,139344,139348],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139308,139309,139311,139313,139315,139318,139321,139323,139325,139328],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139310,34287],{"class":61},[55,139312,66],{"class":65},[55,139314,86],{"class":73},[55,139316,139317],{"class":77},"Python   is",[55,139319,139320],{"class":844},"\\t",[55,139322,133082],{"class":77},[55,139324,86743],{"class":844},[55,139326,139327],{"class":77},"and useful",[55,139329,1288],{"class":73},[55,139331,139332,139334,139336,139338,139340,139342],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139333,42433],{"class":61},[55,139335,66],{"class":65},[55,139337,42438],{"class":61},[55,139339,198],{"class":69},[55,139341,34068],{"class":123},[55,139343,8239],{"class":69},[55,139345,139346],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,139347,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,139349,139350,139352,139354,139356],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,139351,117],{"class":116},[55,139353,120],{"class":69},[55,139355,42465],{"class":123},[55,139357,103],{"class":69},[14,139359,314],{},[45,139361,139363],{"className":47,"code":139362,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[52,139364,139365],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139366,139367,139369,139371,139373,139375,139377,139379,139381,139383,139385,139387,139389,139391,139393,139395,139397,139399,139401,139403,139406,139408],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139368,127],{"class":69},[55,139370,2889],{"class":73},[55,139372,6891],{"class":77},[55,139374,2889],{"class":73},[55,139376,83],{"class":69},[55,139378,2884],{"class":73},[55,139380,11793],{"class":77},[55,139382,2889],{"class":73},[55,139384,83],{"class":69},[55,139386,2884],{"class":73},[55,139388,133082],{"class":77},[55,139390,2889],{"class":73},[55,139392,83],{"class":69},[55,139394,2884],{"class":73},[55,139396,129709],{"class":77},[55,139398,2889],{"class":73},[55,139400,83],{"class":69},[55,139402,2884],{"class":73},[55,139404,139405],{"class":77},"useful",[55,139407,2889],{"class":73},[55,139409,386],{"class":69},[14,139411,139412],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[1425,139414,139416,10183,139418],{"id":139415},"split-vs-split",[52,139417,60128],{},[52,139419,139420],{},"split(' ')",[14,139422,139423],{},"These are not the same.",[45,139425,139427],{"className":47,"code":139426,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[52,139428,139429,139442,139446,139460],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139430,139431,139433,139435,139437,139440],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139432,34287],{"class":61},[55,139434,66],{"class":65},[55,139436,86],{"class":73},[55,139438,139439],{"class":77},"a  b   c",[55,139441,1288],{"class":73},[55,139443,139444],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139445,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,139447,139448,139450,139452,139454,139456,139458],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,139449,117],{"class":116},[55,139451,120],{"class":69},[55,139453,34308],{"class":123},[55,139455,198],{"class":69},[55,139457,34068],{"class":123},[55,139459,6788],{"class":69},[55,139461,139462,139464,139466,139468,139470,139472,139474,139476,139478],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,139463,117],{"class":116},[55,139465,120],{"class":69},[55,139467,34308],{"class":123},[55,139469,198],{"class":69},[55,139471,34068],{"class":123},[55,139473,120],{"class":69},[55,139475,74],{"class":73},[55,139477,86],{"class":73},[55,139479,1357],{"class":69},[14,139481,314],{},[45,139483,139485],{"className":47,"code":139484,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[52,139486,139487,139515],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139488,139489,139491,139493,139495,139497,139499,139501,139503,139505,139507,139509,139511,139513],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139490,127],{"class":69},[55,139492,2889],{"class":73},[55,139494,194],{"class":77},[55,139496,2889],{"class":73},[55,139498,83],{"class":69},[55,139500,2884],{"class":73},[55,139502,786],{"class":77},[55,139504,2889],{"class":73},[55,139506,83],{"class":69},[55,139508,2884],{"class":73},[55,139510,795],{"class":77},[55,139512,2889],{"class":73},[55,139514,386],{"class":69},[55,139516,139517,139519,139521,139523,139525,139527,139529,139531,139533,139535,139537,139539,139541,139543,139545,139547,139549,139551,139553],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139518,127],{"class":69},[55,139520,2889],{"class":73},[55,139522,194],{"class":77},[55,139524,2889],{"class":73},[55,139526,83],{"class":69},[55,139528,3429],{"class":73},[55,139530,83],{"class":69},[55,139532,2884],{"class":73},[55,139534,786],{"class":77},[55,139536,2889],{"class":73},[55,139538,83],{"class":69},[55,139540,3429],{"class":73},[55,139542,83],{"class":69},[55,139544,3429],{"class":73},[55,139546,83],{"class":69},[55,139548,2884],{"class":73},[55,139550,795],{"class":77},[55,139552,2889],{"class":73},[55,139554,386],{"class":69},[21,139556,139557,139562],{},[24,139558,139559,139561],{},[52,139560,60128],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[24,139563,139564,139567],{},[52,139565,139566],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[14,139569,139570,139571,139575],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[194,139572,125944,139573,10339],{"href":136512},[52,139574,41250],{}," is often useful.",[37,139577,139579],{"id":139578},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[14,139581,139582,139583,1773,139586,1777,139588,198],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[52,139584,139585],{},"\",\"",[52,139587,133181],{},[52,139589,139590],{},"\"::\"",[14,139592,139593],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[14,139595,139596],{},"Example with commas:",[45,139598,139600],{"className":47,"code":139599,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[52,139601,139602,139614,139636,139640],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139603,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139605,34287],{"class":61},[55,139607,66],{"class":65},[55,139609,86],{"class":73},[55,139611,138980],{"class":77},[55,139613,1288],{"class":73},[55,139615,139616,139618,139620,139622,139624,139626,139628,139630,139632,139634],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139617,42433],{"class":61},[55,139619,66],{"class":65},[55,139621,42438],{"class":61},[55,139623,198],{"class":69},[55,139625,34068],{"class":123},[55,139627,120],{"class":69},[55,139629,74],{"class":73},[55,139631,83],{"class":77},[55,139633,74],{"class":73},[55,139635,103],{"class":69},[55,139637,139638],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,139639,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,139641,139642,139644,139646,139648],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,139643,117],{"class":116},[55,139645,120],{"class":69},[55,139647,42465],{"class":123},[55,139649,103],{"class":69},[14,139651,314],{},[45,139653,139654],{"className":47,"code":78040,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,139655,139656],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139657,139658,139660,139662,139664,139666,139668,139670,139672,139674,139676,139678,139680,139682],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139659,127],{"class":69},[55,139661,2889],{"class":73},[55,139663,407],{"class":77},[55,139665,2889],{"class":73},[55,139667,83],{"class":69},[55,139669,2884],{"class":73},[55,139671,416],{"class":77},[55,139673,2889],{"class":73},[55,139675,83],{"class":69},[55,139677,2884],{"class":73},[55,139679,425],{"class":77},[55,139681,2889],{"class":73},[55,139683,386],{"class":69},[14,139685,139686],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[45,139688,139690],{"className":47,"code":139689,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[52,139691,139692,139705,139727,139731],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139693,139694,139696,139698,139700,139703],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139695,34287],{"class":61},[55,139697,66],{"class":65},[55,139699,86],{"class":73},[55,139701,139702],{"class":77},"2024::10::31",[55,139704,1288],{"class":73},[55,139706,139707,139709,139711,139713,139715,139717,139719,139721,139723,139725],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139708,42433],{"class":61},[55,139710,66],{"class":65},[55,139712,42438],{"class":61},[55,139714,198],{"class":69},[55,139716,34068],{"class":123},[55,139718,120],{"class":69},[55,139720,74],{"class":73},[55,139722,76258],{"class":77},[55,139724,74],{"class":73},[55,139726,103],{"class":69},[55,139728,139729],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,139730,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,139732,139733,139735,139737,139739],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,139734,117],{"class":116},[55,139736,120],{"class":69},[55,139738,42465],{"class":123},[55,139740,103],{"class":69},[14,139742,314],{},[45,139744,139746],{"className":47,"code":139745,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[52,139747,139748],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139749,139750,139752,139754,139757,139759,139761,139763,139765,139767,139769,139771,139774,139776],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139751,127],{"class":69},[55,139753,2889],{"class":73},[55,139755,139756],{"class":77},"2024",[55,139758,2889],{"class":73},[55,139760,83],{"class":69},[55,139762,2884],{"class":73},[55,139764,250],{"class":77},[55,139766,2889],{"class":73},[55,139768,83],{"class":69},[55,139770,2884],{"class":73},[55,139772,139773],{"class":77},"31",[55,139775,2889],{"class":73},[55,139777,386],{"class":69},[14,139779,139780],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[14,139782,139783,139784,198],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[194,139785,128628],{"href":128627},[37,139787,8012,139789],{"id":139788},"using-maxsplit",[52,139790,139197],{},[14,139792,139793,139795],{},[52,139794,139197],{}," limits the number of splits.",[14,139797,139798],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[14,139800,233],{},[45,139802,139804],{"className":47,"code":139803,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[52,139805,139806,139819,139845,139849],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139807,139808,139810,139812,139814,139817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139809,34287],{"class":61},[55,139811,66],{"class":65},[55,139813,86],{"class":73},[55,139815,139816],{"class":77},"name:age:city:country",[55,139818,1288],{"class":73},[55,139820,139821,139823,139825,139827,139829,139831,139833,139835,139837,139839,139841,139843],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139822,42433],{"class":61},[55,139824,66],{"class":65},[55,139826,42438],{"class":61},[55,139828,198],{"class":69},[55,139830,34068],{"class":123},[55,139832,120],{"class":69},[55,139834,74],{"class":73},[55,139836,854],{"class":77},[55,139838,74],{"class":73},[55,139840,83],{"class":69},[55,139842,976],{"class":130},[55,139844,103],{"class":69},[55,139846,139847],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,139848,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,139850,139851,139853,139855,139857],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,139852,117],{"class":116},[55,139854,120],{"class":69},[55,139856,42465],{"class":123},[55,139858,103],{"class":69},[14,139860,314],{},[45,139862,139864],{"className":47,"code":139863,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[52,139865,139866],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139867,139868,139870,139872,139874,139876,139878,139880,139882,139884,139886,139888,139891,139893],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139869,127],{"class":69},[55,139871,2889],{"class":73},[55,139873,7263],{"class":77},[55,139875,2889],{"class":73},[55,139877,83],{"class":69},[55,139879,2884],{"class":73},[55,139881,8896],{"class":77},[55,139883,2889],{"class":73},[55,139885,83],{"class":69},[55,139887,2884],{"class":73},[55,139889,139890],{"class":77},"city:country",[55,139892,2889],{"class":73},[55,139894,386],{"class":69},[14,139896,1762],{},[21,139898,139899,139904,139909],{},[24,139900,139901,139902],{},"Python splits at the first ",[52,139903,854],{},[24,139905,139906,139907],{},"then splits at the second ",[52,139908,854],{},[24,139910,139911],{},"then stops",[14,139913,139914],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[14,139916,51675],{},[45,139918,139920],{"className":47,"code":139919,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[52,139921,139922,139935],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139923,139924,139926,139928,139930,139933],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139925,34287],{"class":61},[55,139927,66],{"class":65},[55,139929,86],{"class":73},[55,139931,139932],{"class":77},"apple banana cherry grape",[55,139934,1288],{"class":73},[55,139936,139937,139939,139941,139943,139945,139947,139949,139951,139953,139955,139957],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,139938,117],{"class":116},[55,139940,120],{"class":69},[55,139942,34308],{"class":123},[55,139944,198],{"class":69},[55,139946,34068],{"class":123},[55,139948,120],{"class":69},[55,139950,74],{"class":73},[55,139952,86],{"class":73},[55,139954,83],{"class":69},[55,139956,5090],{"class":130},[55,139958,1357],{"class":69},[14,139960,314],{},[45,139962,139964],{"className":47,"code":139963,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[52,139965,139966],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,139967,139968,139970,139972,139974,139976,139978,139980,139983,139985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,139969,127],{"class":69},[55,139971,2889],{"class":73},[55,139973,407],{"class":77},[55,139975,2889],{"class":73},[55,139977,83],{"class":69},[55,139979,2884],{"class":73},[55,139981,139982],{"class":77},"banana cherry grape",[55,139984,2889],{"class":73},[55,139986,386],{"class":69},[37,139988,3265,139990,11304],{"id":139989},"what-split-returns",[52,139991,60128],{},[14,139993,139994,139995,139997,139998,198],{},"The result of ",[52,139996,60128],{}," is always a ",[3332,139999,7688],{},[14,140001,140002],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[14,140004,233],{},[45,140006,140008],{"className":47,"code":140007,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[52,140009,140010,140023,140045,140049,140059,140073],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140011,140012,140014,140016,140018,140021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140013,34287],{"class":61},[55,140015,66],{"class":65},[55,140017,86],{"class":73},[55,140019,140020],{"class":77},"cat,dog,bird",[55,140022,1288],{"class":73},[55,140024,140025,140027,140029,140031,140033,140035,140037,140039,140041,140043],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140026,42433],{"class":61},[55,140028,66],{"class":65},[55,140030,42438],{"class":61},[55,140032,198],{"class":69},[55,140034,34068],{"class":123},[55,140036,120],{"class":69},[55,140038,74],{"class":73},[55,140040,83],{"class":77},[55,140042,74],{"class":73},[55,140044,103],{"class":69},[55,140046,140047],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,140048,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,140050,140051,140053,140055,140057],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,140052,117],{"class":116},[55,140054,120],{"class":69},[55,140056,42465],{"class":123},[55,140058,103],{"class":69},[55,140060,140061,140063,140065,140067,140069,140071],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,140062,117],{"class":116},[55,140064,120],{"class":69},[55,140066,1396],{"class":850},[55,140068,120],{"class":69},[55,140070,42465],{"class":123},[55,140072,1357],{"class":69},[55,140074,140075,140077,140079,140081,140083,140085],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,140076,117],{"class":116},[55,140078,120],{"class":69},[55,140080,42465],{"class":123},[55,140082,127],{"class":69},[55,140084,131],{"class":130},[55,140086,282],{"class":69},[14,140088,314],{},[45,140090,140092],{"className":47,"code":140091,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[52,140093,140094,140122,140136],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140095,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106,140108,140110,140112,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140097,127],{"class":69},[55,140099,2889],{"class":73},[55,140101,36643],{"class":77},[55,140103,2889],{"class":73},[55,140105,83],{"class":69},[55,140107,2884],{"class":73},[55,140109,57724],{"class":77},[55,140111,2889],{"class":73},[55,140113,83],{"class":69},[55,140115,2884],{"class":73},[55,140117,57741],{"class":77},[55,140119,2889],{"class":73},[55,140121,386],{"class":69},[55,140123,140124,140126,140128,140130,140132,140134],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140125,2878],{"class":65},[55,140127,2881],{"class":1648},[55,140129,2884],{"class":73},[55,140131,7688],{"class":77},[55,140133,2889],{"class":73},[55,140135,2892],{"class":65},[55,140137,140138],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,140139,85059],{"class":61},[14,140141,140142],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[21,140144,140145,140148,140151],{},[24,140146,140147],{},"loop over it",[24,140149,140150],{},"access items by index",[24,140152,140153],{},"combine items again later",[14,140155,140156,140157,198],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[194,140158,125944,140160,10339],{"href":140159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[52,140161,133024],{},[14,140163,233],{},[45,140165,140167],{"className":47,"code":140166,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[52,140168,140169,140201,140223,140227],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140170,140171,140173,140175,140177,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197,140199],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140172,42433],{"class":61},[55,140174,66],{"class":65},[55,140176,3211],{"class":69},[55,140178,2889],{"class":73},[55,140180,36643],{"class":77},[55,140182,2889],{"class":73},[55,140184,83],{"class":69},[55,140186,2884],{"class":73},[55,140188,57724],{"class":77},[55,140190,2889],{"class":73},[55,140192,83],{"class":69},[55,140194,2884],{"class":73},[55,140196,57741],{"class":77},[55,140198,2889],{"class":73},[55,140200,386],{"class":69},[55,140202,140203,140205,140207,140209,140211,140213,140215,140217,140219,140221],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140204,34287],{"class":61},[55,140206,66],{"class":65},[55,140208,86],{"class":73},[55,140210,171],{"class":77},[55,140212,74],{"class":73},[55,140214,198],{"class":69},[55,140216,133101],{"class":123},[55,140218,120],{"class":69},[55,140220,42465],{"class":123},[55,140222,103],{"class":69},[55,140224,140225],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,140226,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,140228,140229,140231,140233,140235],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,140230,117],{"class":116},[55,140232,120],{"class":69},[55,140234,34308],{"class":123},[55,140236,103],{"class":69},[14,140238,314],{},[45,140240,140242],{"className":47,"code":140241,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"cat-dog-bird\n",[52,140243,140244],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140245,140246,140248,140250,140252,140254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140247,36643],{"class":61},[55,140249,171],{"class":65},[55,140251,57724],{"class":61},[55,140253,171],{"class":65},[55,140255,140256],{"class":61},"bird\n",[37,140258,140260],{"id":140259},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[14,140262,140263],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[1425,140265,140267],{"id":140266},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[45,140269,140271],{"className":47,"code":140270,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[52,140272,140273,140281],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140274,140275,140277,140279],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140276,34287],{"class":61},[55,140278,66],{"class":65},[55,140280,7476],{"class":73},[55,140282,140283,140285,140287,140289,140291,140293],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140284,117],{"class":116},[55,140286,120],{"class":69},[55,140288,34308],{"class":123},[55,140290,198],{"class":69},[55,140292,34068],{"class":123},[55,140294,6788],{"class":69},[14,140296,314],{},[45,140298,140299],{"className":47,"code":37894,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,140300,140301],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140302,140303],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140304,37894],{"class":69},[1425,140306,140308],{"id":140307},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[45,140310,140312],{"className":47,"code":140311,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[52,140313,140314,140322],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140315,140316,140318,140320],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140317,34287],{"class":61},[55,140319,66],{"class":65},[55,140321,7476],{"class":73},[55,140323,140324,140326,140328,140330,140332,140334,140336,140338,140340,140342],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140325,117],{"class":116},[55,140327,120],{"class":69},[55,140329,34308],{"class":123},[55,140331,198],{"class":69},[55,140333,34068],{"class":123},[55,140335,120],{"class":69},[55,140337,74],{"class":73},[55,140339,83],{"class":77},[55,140341,74],{"class":73},[55,140343,1357],{"class":69},[14,140345,314],{},[45,140347,140349],{"className":47,"code":140348,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['']\n",[52,140350,140351],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140352,140353,140355,140357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140354,127],{"class":69},[55,140356,3363],{"class":73},[55,140358,386],{"class":69},[1425,140360,140362],{"id":140361},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[14,140364,140365],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[45,140367,140369],{"className":47,"code":140368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[52,140370,140371,140383],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140372,140373,140375,140377,140379,140381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140374,34287],{"class":61},[55,140376,66],{"class":65},[55,140378,86],{"class":73},[55,140380,3436],{"class":77},[55,140382,1288],{"class":73},[55,140384,140385,140387,140389,140391,140393,140395,140397,140399,140401,140403],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140386,117],{"class":116},[55,140388,120],{"class":69},[55,140390,34308],{"class":123},[55,140392,198],{"class":69},[55,140394,34068],{"class":123},[55,140396,120],{"class":69},[55,140398,74],{"class":73},[55,140400,83],{"class":77},[55,140402,74],{"class":73},[55,140404,1357],{"class":69},[14,140406,314],{},[45,140408,140410],{"className":47,"code":140409,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"['hello']\n",[52,140411,140412],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140413,140414,140416,140418,140420,140422],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140415,127],{"class":69},[55,140417,2889],{"class":73},[55,140419,3436],{"class":77},[55,140421,2889],{"class":73},[55,140423,386],{"class":69},[37,140425,4553,140427],{"id":140426},"when-to-use-split",[52,140428,60128],{},[14,140430,1440,140431,140433],{},[52,140432,60128],{}," when you need to:",[21,140435,140436,140439,140442],{},[24,140437,140438],{},"split a sentence into words",[24,140440,140441],{},"split comma-separated values",[24,140443,140444],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[14,140446,140447],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[21,140449,140450,140453,140456],{},[24,140451,140452],{},"cleaning text",[24,140454,140455],{},"parsing user input",[24,140457,140458],{},"processing simple file content",[37,140460,1298],{"id":1297},[14,140462,83830],{},[21,140464,140465,140469,140475,140478,140486],{},[24,140466,50103,140467,131164],{},[52,140468,60128],{},[24,140470,140471,140472,140474],{},"forgetting that ",[52,140473,60128],{}," returns a list, not a string",[24,140476,140477],{},"using the wrong separator",[24,140479,140480,140481,140483,140484],{},"assuming ",[52,140482,139420],{}," behaves the same as ",[52,140485,60128],{},[24,140487,140488],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[14,140490,140491],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[45,140493,140495],{"className":47,"code":140494,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[52,140496,140497,140509,140527,140531],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140498,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140500,34287],{"class":61},[55,140502,66],{"class":65},[55,140504,86],{"class":73},[55,140506,42426],{"class":77},[55,140508,1288],{"class":73},[55,140510,140511,140513,140515,140517,140519,140521,140523,140525],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140512,34308],{"class":61},[55,140514,198],{"class":69},[55,140516,34068],{"class":123},[55,140518,120],{"class":69},[55,140520,74],{"class":73},[55,140522,83],{"class":77},[55,140524,74],{"class":73},[55,140526,103],{"class":69},[55,140528,140529],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,140530,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,140534,117],{"class":116},[55,140536,120],{"class":69},[55,140538,34308],{"class":123},[55,140540,103],{"class":69},[14,140542,314],{},[45,140544,140546],{"className":47,"code":140545,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a,b,c\n",[52,140547,140548],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140549,140550,140552,140554,140556,140558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140551,194],{"class":61},[55,140553,83],{"class":69},[55,140555,786],{"class":61},[55,140557,83],{"class":69},[55,140559,68841],{"class":61},[14,140561,140562],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[14,140564,10406],{},[45,140566,140567],{"className":47,"code":42413,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,140568,140569,140581,140603,140607],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140570,140571,140573,140575,140577,140579],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140572,34287],{"class":61},[55,140574,66],{"class":65},[55,140576,86],{"class":73},[55,140578,42426],{"class":77},[55,140580,1288],{"class":73},[55,140582,140583,140585,140587,140589,140591,140593,140595,140597,140599,140601],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140584,42433],{"class":61},[55,140586,66],{"class":65},[55,140588,42438],{"class":61},[55,140590,198],{"class":69},[55,140592,34068],{"class":123},[55,140594,120],{"class":69},[55,140596,74],{"class":73},[55,140598,83],{"class":77},[55,140600,74],{"class":73},[55,140602,103],{"class":69},[55,140604,140605],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,140606,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,140608,140609,140611,140613,140615],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,140610,117],{"class":116},[55,140612,120],{"class":69},[55,140614,42465],{"class":123},[55,140616,103],{"class":69},[14,140618,314],{},[45,140620,140621],{"className":47,"code":42472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,140622,140623],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140624,140625,140627,140629,140631,140633,140635,140637,140639,140641,140643,140645,140647,140649],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140626,127],{"class":69},[55,140628,2889],{"class":73},[55,140630,194],{"class":77},[55,140632,2889],{"class":73},[55,140634,83],{"class":69},[55,140636,2884],{"class":73},[55,140638,786],{"class":77},[55,140640,2889],{"class":73},[55,140642,83],{"class":69},[55,140644,2884],{"class":73},[55,140646,795],{"class":77},[55,140648,2889],{"class":73},[55,140650,386],{"class":69},[14,140652,140653],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[45,140655,140657],{"className":47,"code":140656,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[52,140658,140659,140672,140694,140698],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140660,140661,140663,140665,140667,140670],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140662,34287],{"class":61},[55,140664,66],{"class":65},[55,140666,86],{"class":73},[55,140668,140669],{"class":77},"apple,banana",[55,140671,1288],{"class":73},[55,140673,140674,140676,140678,140680,140682,140684,140686,140688,140690,140692],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140675,42433],{"class":61},[55,140677,66],{"class":65},[55,140679,42438],{"class":61},[55,140681,198],{"class":69},[55,140683,34068],{"class":123},[55,140685,120],{"class":69},[55,140687,74],{"class":73},[55,140689,83],{"class":77},[55,140691,74],{"class":73},[55,140693,103],{"class":69},[55,140695,140696],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,140697,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,140699,140700,140702,140704,140706,140708,140710],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,140701,117],{"class":116},[55,140703,120],{"class":69},[55,140705,42465],{"class":123},[55,140707,127],{"class":69},[55,140709,309],{"class":130},[55,140711,282],{"class":69},[14,140713,140714,140715,198],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[194,140716,68854],{"href":68853},[1425,140718,60307],{"id":60306},[14,140720,8472,140721,140723],{},[52,140722,60128],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[45,140725,140727],{"className":47,"code":140726,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[52,140728,140729,140739,140753,140775,140801],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140730,140731,140733,140735,140737],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140732,117],{"class":116},[55,140734,120],{"class":69},[55,140736,34308],{"class":123},[55,140738,103],{"class":69},[55,140740,140741,140743,140745,140747,140749,140751],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,140742,117],{"class":116},[55,140744,120],{"class":69},[55,140746,34308],{"class":123},[55,140748,198],{"class":69},[55,140750,34068],{"class":123},[55,140752,6788],{"class":69},[55,140754,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765,140767,140769,140771,140773],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,140756,117],{"class":116},[55,140758,120],{"class":69},[55,140760,34308],{"class":123},[55,140762,198],{"class":69},[55,140764,34068],{"class":123},[55,140766,120],{"class":69},[55,140768,2889],{"class":73},[55,140770,83],{"class":77},[55,140772,2889],{"class":73},[55,140774,1357],{"class":69},[55,140776,140777,140779,140781,140783,140785,140787,140789,140791,140793,140795,140797,140799],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,140778,117],{"class":116},[55,140780,120],{"class":69},[55,140782,940],{"class":116},[55,140784,120],{"class":69},[55,140786,34308],{"class":123},[55,140788,198],{"class":69},[55,140790,34068],{"class":123},[55,140792,120],{"class":69},[55,140794,2889],{"class":73},[55,140796,83],{"class":77},[55,140798,2889],{"class":73},[55,140800,2499],{"class":69},[55,140802,140803,140805,140807,140809,140811,140813,140815,140817,140819,140821,140823,140825],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,140804,117],{"class":116},[55,140806,120],{"class":69},[55,140808,1396],{"class":850},[55,140810,120],{"class":69},[55,140812,34308],{"class":123},[55,140814,198],{"class":69},[55,140816,34068],{"class":123},[55,140818,120],{"class":69},[55,140820,2889],{"class":73},[55,140822,83],{"class":77},[55,140824,2889],{"class":73},[55,140826,2499],{"class":69},[14,140828,10768],{},[21,140830,140831,140834,140837,140840],{},[24,140832,140833],{},"what the original string looks like",[24,140835,140836],{},"which separator works",[24,140838,140839],{},"how many items were created",[24,140841,140842],{},"that the result is a list",[37,140844,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,140846,4771,140848,3983,140850,2078],{"id":140847},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[52,140849,60128],{},[52,140851,139420],{},[14,140853,140854,140856],{},[52,140855,60128],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[14,140858,140859,140861],{},[52,140860,139420],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[1425,140863,12304,140865,124271],{"id":140864},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[52,140866,60128],{},[14,140868,140869,140870,56075],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[52,140871,60128],{},[1425,140873,4733,140875,39556],{"id":140874},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[52,140876,139197],{},[14,140878,140879],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[1425,140881,140883],{"id":140882},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[14,140885,28658,140886,140888],{},[52,140887,60128],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[37,140890,1495],{"id":1494},[21,140892,140893,140897,140903,140909,140913],{},[24,140894,140895],{},[194,140896,129549],{"href":128627},[24,140898,140899],{},[194,140900,125944,140901,10339],{"href":140159},[52,140902,133024],{},[24,140904,140905],{},[194,140906,125944,140907,10339],{"href":136512},[52,140908,41250],{},[24,140910,140911],{},[194,140912,124699],{"href":50571},[24,140914,140915],{},[194,140916,68854],{"href":68853},[1524,140918,140919],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":140921},[140922,140923,140925,140926,140931,140932,140934,140936,140941,140943,140946,140955],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":139027,"depth":106,"text":140924},"What split() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":139275,"depth":106,"text":140927,"children":140928},"Using split() with no separator",[140929],{"id":139415,"depth":113,"text":140930},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139578,"depth":106,"text":139579},{"id":139788,"depth":106,"text":140933},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139989,"depth":106,"text":140935},"What split() returns",{"id":140259,"depth":106,"text":140260,"children":140937},[140938,140939,140940],{"id":140266,"depth":113,"text":140267},{"id":140307,"depth":113,"text":140308},{"id":140361,"depth":113,"text":140362},{"id":140426,"depth":106,"text":140942},"When to use split()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":140944},[140945],{"id":60306,"depth":113,"text":60307},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":140947},[140948,140950,140952,140954],{"id":140847,"depth":113,"text":140949},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140864,"depth":113,"text":140951},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140874,"depth":113,"text":140953},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140882,"depth":113,"text":140883},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138936,"description":140956},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140963,"title":140964,"body":140965,"description":142908,"extension":1546,"meta":142909,"navigation":109,"path":142910,"seo":142911,"stem":142912,"__hash__":142913},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140966,"toc":142867},[140967,140972,140977,140984,141057,141062,141067,141072,141088,141090,141160,141162,141164,141184,141186,141231,141236,141238,141336,141341,141345,141350,141354,141357,141399,141403,141406,141451,141455,141458,141508,141512,141517,141569,141571,141576,141587,141592,141672,141674,141686,141695,141702,141717,141719,141834,141840,141844,141847,141852,141994,141997,142004,142006,142010,142018,142087,142093,142142,142147,142152,142154,142174,142176,142242,142244,142248,142251,142255,142296,142298,142331,142336,142339,142366,142368,142411,142418,142423,142433,142499,142503,142511,142516,142567,142571,142574,142576,142585,142587,142637,142639,142746,142748,142753,142760,142766,142769,142800,142805,142807,142814,142822,142831,142834,142836,142864],[10,140968,122944,140970,10920],{"id":140969},"python-string-startswith-method",[52,140971,127312],{},[14,140973,122949,140974,140976],{},[52,140975,127312],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[14,140978,126010,140979,2465,140981,140983],{},[52,140980,3194],{},[52,140982,3261],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[45,140985,140987],{"className":47,"code":140986,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[52,140988,140989,141002,141006,141031],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,140990,140991,140993,140995,140997,141000],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,140992,34287],{"class":61},[55,140994,66],{"class":65},[55,140996,86],{"class":73},[55,140998,140999],{"class":77},"Python Beginner Help",[55,141001,1288],{"class":73},[55,141003,141004],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141005,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,141007,141008,141010,141012,141014,141016,141019,141021,141023,141025,141027,141029],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,141009,117],{"class":116},[55,141011,120],{"class":69},[55,141013,34308],{"class":123},[55,141015,198],{"class":69},[55,141017,141018],{"class":123},"startswith",[55,141020,120],{"class":69},[55,141022,74],{"class":73},[55,141024,6891],{"class":77},[55,141026,74],{"class":73},[55,141028,947],{"class":69},[55,141030,43452],{"class":137},[55,141032,141033,141035,141037,141039,141041,141043,141045,141047,141050,141052,141054],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,141034,117],{"class":116},[55,141036,120],{"class":69},[55,141038,34308],{"class":123},[55,141040,198],{"class":69},[55,141042,141018],{"class":123},[55,141044,120],{"class":69},[55,141046,74],{"class":73},[55,141048,141049],{"class":77},"Beginner",[55,141051,74],{"class":73},[55,141053,947],{"class":69},[55,141055,141056],{"class":137}," # False\n",[14,141058,1440,141059,141061],{},[52,141060,127312],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[37,141063,3265,141065,3268],{"id":141064},"what-startswith-does",[52,141066,127312],{},[14,141068,141069,141071],{},[52,141070,127312],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[21,141073,141074,141077,141083,141085],{},[24,141075,141076],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[24,141078,4739,141079,2465,141081],{},[52,141080,3194],{},[52,141082,3261],{},[24,141084,123087],{},[24,141086,141087],{},"It works only on strings",[14,141089,233],{},[45,141091,141093],{"className":47,"code":141092,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[52,141094,141095,141107,141111,141136],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141096,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141098,7471],{"class":61},[55,141100,66],{"class":65},[55,141102,86],{"class":73},[55,141104,6891],{"class":77},[55,141106,1288],{"class":73},[55,141108,141109],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141110,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,141112,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121,141123,141125,141127,141130,141132,141134],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,141114,117],{"class":116},[55,141116,120],{"class":69},[55,141118,7263],{"class":123},[55,141120,198],{"class":69},[55,141122,141018],{"class":123},[55,141124,120],{"class":69},[55,141126,74],{"class":73},[55,141128,141129],{"class":77},"Py",[55,141131,74],{"class":73},[55,141133,947],{"class":69},[55,141135,43452],{"class":137},[55,141137,141138,141140,141142,141144,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,141139,117],{"class":116},[55,141141,120],{"class":69},[55,141143,7263],{"class":123},[55,141145,198],{"class":69},[55,141147,141018],{"class":123},[55,141149,120],{"class":69},[55,141151,74],{"class":73},[55,141153,128390],{"class":77},[55,141155,74],{"class":73},[55,141157,947],{"class":69},[55,141159,43469],{"class":137},[37,141161,1740],{"id":1739},[14,141163,41981],{},[45,141165,141167],{"className":47,"code":141166,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[52,141168,141169],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141170,141171,141173,141175,141177,141179,141182],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141172,60770],{"class":61},[55,141174,198],{"class":69},[55,141176,141018],{"class":123},[55,141178,120],{"class":69},[55,141180,141181],{"class":123},"prefix",[55,141183,103],{"class":69},[14,141185,30362],{},[45,141187,141189],{"className":47,"code":141188,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[52,141190,141191,141209],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141192,141193,141195,141197,141199,141201,141203,141205,141207],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141194,60770],{"class":61},[55,141196,198],{"class":69},[55,141198,141018],{"class":123},[55,141200,120],{"class":69},[55,141202,141181],{"class":123},[55,141204,83],{"class":69},[55,141206,35650],{"class":123},[55,141208,103],{"class":69},[55,141210,141211,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223,141225,141227,141229],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141212,60770],{"class":61},[55,141214,198],{"class":69},[55,141216,141018],{"class":123},[55,141218,120],{"class":69},[55,141220,141181],{"class":123},[55,141222,83],{"class":69},[55,141224,35650],{"class":123},[55,141226,83],{"class":69},[55,141228,64636],{"class":123},[55,141230,103],{"class":69},[14,141232,20367,141233,141235],{},[52,141234,141181],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[14,141237,233],{},[45,141239,141241],{"className":47,"code":141240,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[52,141242,141243,141255,141259,141284,141308],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141244,141245,141247,141249,141251,141253],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141246,34287],{"class":61},[55,141248,66],{"class":65},[55,141250,86],{"class":73},[55,141252,60003],{"class":77},[55,141254,1288],{"class":73},[55,141256,141257],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141258,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,141260,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271,141273,141275,141277,141279,141281],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,141262,117],{"class":116},[55,141264,120],{"class":69},[55,141266,34308],{"class":123},[55,141268,198],{"class":69},[55,141270,141018],{"class":123},[55,141272,120],{"class":69},[55,141274,74],{"class":73},[55,141276,3436],{"class":77},[55,141278,74],{"class":73},[55,141280,947],{"class":69},[55,141282,141283],{"class":137},"      # True\n",[55,141285,141286,141288,141290,141292,141294,141296,141298,141300,141302,141304,141306],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,141287,117],{"class":116},[55,141289,120],{"class":69},[55,141291,34308],{"class":123},[55,141293,198],{"class":69},[55,141295,141018],{"class":123},[55,141297,120],{"class":69},[55,141299,74],{"class":73},[55,141301,60188],{"class":77},[55,141303,74],{"class":73},[55,141305,947],{"class":69},[55,141307,20797],{"class":137},[55,141309,141310,141312,141314,141316,141318,141320,141322,141324,141326,141328,141330,141332,141334],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,141311,117],{"class":116},[55,141313,120],{"class":69},[55,141315,34308],{"class":123},[55,141317,198],{"class":69},[55,141319,141018],{"class":123},[55,141321,120],{"class":69},[55,141323,74],{"class":73},[55,141325,60188],{"class":77},[55,141327,74],{"class":73},[55,141329,83],{"class":69},[55,141331,37240],{"class":130},[55,141333,947],{"class":69},[55,141335,43452],{"class":137},[14,141337,141338,141339,198],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[194,141340,124699],{"href":50571},[37,141342,141344],{"id":141343},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[14,141346,141347,141349],{},[52,141348,127312],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[1425,141351,141352],{"id":141181},[52,141353,141181],{},[14,141355,141356],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[45,141358,141360],{"className":47,"code":141359,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[52,141361,141362,141374],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141363,141364,141366,141368,141370,141372],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141365,34287],{"class":61},[55,141367,66],{"class":65},[55,141369,86],{"class":73},[55,141371,416],{"class":77},[55,141373,1288],{"class":73},[55,141375,141376,141378,141380,141382,141384,141386,141388,141390,141393,141395,141397],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141377,117],{"class":116},[55,141379,120],{"class":69},[55,141381,34308],{"class":123},[55,141383,198],{"class":69},[55,141385,141018],{"class":123},[55,141387,120],{"class":69},[55,141389,74],{"class":73},[55,141391,141392],{"class":77},"ban",[55,141394,74],{"class":73},[55,141396,947],{"class":69},[55,141398,3251],{"class":137},[1425,141400,141401],{"id":35671},[52,141402,35671],{},[14,141404,141405],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[45,141407,141409],{"className":47,"code":141408,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[52,141410,141411,141423],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141412,141413,141415,141417,141419,141421],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141414,34287],{"class":61},[55,141416,66],{"class":65},[55,141418,86],{"class":73},[55,141420,60003],{"class":77},[55,141422,1288],{"class":73},[55,141424,141425,141427,141429,141431,141433,141435,141437,141439,141441,141443,141445,141447,141449],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141426,117],{"class":116},[55,141428,120],{"class":69},[55,141430,34308],{"class":123},[55,141432,198],{"class":69},[55,141434,141018],{"class":123},[55,141436,120],{"class":69},[55,141438,74],{"class":73},[55,141440,60188],{"class":77},[55,141442,74],{"class":73},[55,141444,83],{"class":69},[55,141446,37240],{"class":130},[55,141448,947],{"class":69},[55,141450,3251],{"class":137},[1425,141452,141453],{"id":52256},[52,141454,52256],{},[14,141456,141457],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[45,141459,141461],{"className":47,"code":141460,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[52,141462,141463,141475],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141464,141465,141467,141469,141471,141473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141466,34287],{"class":61},[55,141468,66],{"class":65},[55,141470,86],{"class":73},[55,141472,60003],{"class":77},[55,141474,1288],{"class":73},[55,141476,141477,141479,141481,141483,141485,141487,141489,141491,141494,141496,141498,141500,141502,141504,141506],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141478,117],{"class":116},[55,141480,120],{"class":69},[55,141482,34308],{"class":123},[55,141484,198],{"class":69},[55,141486,141018],{"class":123},[55,141488,120],{"class":69},[55,141490,74],{"class":73},[55,141492,141493],{"class":77},"wor",[55,141495,74],{"class":73},[55,141497,83],{"class":69},[55,141499,37240],{"class":130},[55,141501,83],{"class":69},[55,141503,53732],{"class":130},[55,141505,947],{"class":69},[55,141507,3251],{"class":137},[1425,141509,141511],{"id":141510},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[14,141513,141514,141516],{},[52,141515,141181],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[45,141518,141520],{"className":47,"code":141519,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[52,141521,141522,141535],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141523,141524,141526,141528,141530,141533],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141525,126027],{"class":61},[55,141527,66],{"class":65},[55,141529,86],{"class":73},[55,141531,141532],{"class":77},"img_001.png",[55,141534,1288],{"class":73},[55,141536,141537,141539,141541,141543,141545,141547,141549,141551,141554,141556,141558,141560,141563,141565,141567],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141538,117],{"class":116},[55,141540,120],{"class":69},[55,141542,126045],{"class":123},[55,141544,198],{"class":69},[55,141546,141018],{"class":123},[55,141548,5103],{"class":69},[55,141550,74],{"class":73},[55,141552,141553],{"class":77},"img_",[55,141555,74],{"class":73},[55,141557,83],{"class":69},[55,141559,86],{"class":73},[55,141561,141562],{"class":77},"photo_",[55,141564,74],{"class":73},[55,141566,50687],{"class":69},[55,141568,3251],{"class":137},[37,141570,17017],{"id":17016},[14,141572,141573,141575],{},[52,141574,127312],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[21,141577,141578,141583],{},[24,141579,141580,141582],{},[52,141581,3194],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[24,141584,141585,126629],{},[52,141586,3261],{},[14,141588,141589,141590,6766],{},"This makes it useful in ",[52,141591,960],{},[45,141593,141595],{"className":47,"code":141594,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[52,141596,141597,141611,141615,141636,141651,141657],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141598,141599,141602,141604,141606,141609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141600,141601],{"class":61},"command ",[55,141603,66],{"class":65},[55,141605,86],{"class":73},[55,141607,141608],{"class":77},"\u002Fhelp",[55,141610,1288],{"class":73},[55,141612,141613],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141614,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,141616,141617,141619,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630,141632,141634],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,141618,960],{"class":959},[55,141620,141621],{"class":61}," command",[55,141623,198],{"class":69},[55,141625,141018],{"class":123},[55,141627,120],{"class":69},[55,141629,74],{"class":73},[55,141631,126836],{"class":77},[55,141633,74],{"class":73},[55,141635,839],{"class":69},[55,141637,141638,141640,141642,141644,141647,141649],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,141639,985],{"class":116},[55,141641,120],{"class":69},[55,141643,74],{"class":73},[55,141645,141646],{"class":77},"This looks like a command.",[55,141648,74],{"class":73},[55,141650,103],{"class":69},[55,141652,141653,141655],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,141654,27030],{"class":959},[55,141656,979],{"class":69},[55,141658,141659,141661,141663,141665,141668,141670],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,141660,985],{"class":116},[55,141662,120],{"class":69},[55,141664,74],{"class":73},[55,141666,141667],{"class":77},"This is normal text.",[55,141669,74],{"class":73},[55,141671,103],{"class":69},[14,141673,314],{},[45,141675,141677],{"className":47,"code":141676,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"This looks like a command.\n",[52,141678,141679],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141680,141681,141684],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141682,141683],{"class":61},"This looks like a command",[55,141685,121976],{"class":69},[37,141687,8012,141689,8301,141691,3983,141693],{"id":141688},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[52,141690,127312],{},[52,141692,35671],{},[52,141694,52256],{},[14,141696,1563,141697,3983,141699,141701],{},[52,141698,35671],{},[52,141700,52256],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[21,141703,141704,141709,141714],{},[24,141705,141706,141708],{},[52,141707,35671],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[24,141710,141711,141713],{},[52,141712,52256],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[24,141715,141716],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[14,141718,233],{},[45,141720,141722],{"className":47,"code":141721,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[52,141723,141724,141736,141740,141769,141802],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141725,141726,141728,141730,141732,141734],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141727,34287],{"class":61},[55,141729,66],{"class":65},[55,141731,86],{"class":73},[55,141733,139221],{"class":77},[55,141735,1288],{"class":73},[55,141737,141738],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141739,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,141741,141742,141744,141746,141748,141750,141752,141754,141756,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,141743,117],{"class":116},[55,141745,120],{"class":69},[55,141747,34308],{"class":123},[55,141749,198],{"class":69},[55,141751,141018],{"class":123},[55,141753,120],{"class":69},[55,141755,74],{"class":73},[55,141757,78861],{"class":77},[55,141759,74],{"class":73},[55,141761,83],{"class":69},[55,141763,2042],{"class":130},[55,141765,947],{"class":69},[55,141767,141768],{"class":137},"        # True\n",[55,141770,141771,141773,141775,141777,141779,141781,141783,141785,141787,141789,141791,141793,141795,141798,141800],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,141772,117],{"class":116},[55,141774,120],{"class":69},[55,141776,34308],{"class":123},[55,141778,198],{"class":69},[55,141780,141018],{"class":123},[55,141782,120],{"class":69},[55,141784,74],{"class":73},[55,141786,133828],{"class":77},[55,141788,74],{"class":73},[55,141790,83],{"class":69},[55,141792,5954],{"class":130},[55,141794,83],{"class":69},[55,141796,141797],{"class":130}," 13",[55,141799,947],{"class":69},[55,141801,3251],{"class":137},[55,141803,141804,141806,141808,141810,141812,141814,141816,141818,141820,141822,141824,141826,141828,141830,141832],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,141805,117],{"class":116},[55,141807,120],{"class":69},[55,141809,34308],{"class":123},[55,141811,198],{"class":69},[55,141813,141018],{"class":123},[55,141815,120],{"class":69},[55,141817,74],{"class":73},[55,141819,133828],{"class":77},[55,141821,74],{"class":73},[55,141823,83],{"class":69},[55,141825,5954],{"class":130},[55,141827,83],{"class":69},[55,141829,30541],{"class":130},[55,141831,947],{"class":69},[55,141833,4363],{"class":137},[14,141835,141836,141837,141839],{},"In the last example, the ",[52,141838,52256],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[37,141841,141843],{"id":141842},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[14,141845,141846],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[14,141848,141849,141850,48946],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[52,141851,40433],{},[45,141853,141855],{"className":47,"code":141854,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[52,141856,141857,141871,141885,141899,141903,141927,141931,141952,141973],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,141858,141859,141862,141864,141866,141869],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,141860,141861],{"class":61},"filename1 ",[55,141863,66],{"class":65},[55,141865,86],{"class":73},[55,141867,141868],{"class":77},"img_101.jpg",[55,141870,1288],{"class":73},[55,141872,141873,141876,141878,141880,141883],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,141874,141875],{"class":61},"filename2 ",[55,141877,66],{"class":65},[55,141879,86],{"class":73},[55,141881,141882],{"class":77},"photo_202.jpg",[55,141884,1288],{"class":73},[55,141886,141887,141890,141892,141894,141897],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,141888,141889],{"class":61},"filename3 ",[55,141891,66],{"class":65},[55,141893,86],{"class":73},[55,141895,141896],{"class":77},"doc_303.jpg",[55,141898,1288],{"class":73},[55,141900,141901],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,141902,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,141904,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921,141923,141925],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,141906,127239],{"class":61},[55,141908,66],{"class":65},[55,141910,70],{"class":69},[55,141912,74],{"class":73},[55,141914,141553],{"class":77},[55,141916,74],{"class":73},[55,141918,83],{"class":69},[55,141920,86],{"class":73},[55,141922,141562],{"class":77},[55,141924,74],{"class":73},[55,141926,103],{"class":69},[55,141928,141929],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,141930,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,141932,141933,141935,141937,141940,141942,141944,141946,141948,141950],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,141934,117],{"class":116},[55,141936,120],{"class":69},[55,141938,141939],{"class":123},"filename1",[55,141941,198],{"class":69},[55,141943,141018],{"class":123},[55,141945,120],{"class":69},[55,141947,127291],{"class":123},[55,141949,947],{"class":69},[55,141951,3251],{"class":137},[55,141953,141954,141956,141958,141961,141963,141965,141967,141969,141971],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,141955,117],{"class":116},[55,141957,120],{"class":69},[55,141959,141960],{"class":123},"filename2",[55,141962,198],{"class":69},[55,141964,141018],{"class":123},[55,141966,120],{"class":69},[55,141968,127291],{"class":123},[55,141970,947],{"class":69},[55,141972,3251],{"class":137},[55,141974,141975,141977,141979,141982,141984,141986,141988,141990,141992],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,141976,117],{"class":116},[55,141978,120],{"class":69},[55,141980,141981],{"class":123},"filename3",[55,141983,198],{"class":69},[55,141985,141018],{"class":123},[55,141987,120],{"class":69},[55,141989,127291],{"class":123},[55,141991,947],{"class":69},[55,141993,4363],{"class":137},[14,141995,141996],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[14,141998,74363,141999,142003],{},[194,142000,125944,142001,10339],{"href":129538},[52,142002,126002],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[37,142005,123591],{"id":123590},[14,142007,142008,123402],{},[52,142009,127312],{},[14,142011,126989,142012,3983,142015,126996],{},[52,142013,142014],{},"\"Python\"",[52,142016,142017],{},"\"python\"",[45,142019,142021],{"className":47,"code":142020,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[52,142022,142023,142035,142039,142063],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142024,142025,142027,142029,142031,142033],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142026,34287],{"class":61},[55,142028,66],{"class":65},[55,142030,86],{"class":73},[55,142032,6891],{"class":77},[55,142034,1288],{"class":73},[55,142036,142037],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142038,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,142040,142041,142043,142045,142047,142049,142051,142053,142055,142057,142059,142061],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142042,117],{"class":116},[55,142044,120],{"class":69},[55,142046,34308],{"class":123},[55,142048,198],{"class":69},[55,142050,141018],{"class":123},[55,142052,120],{"class":69},[55,142054,74],{"class":73},[55,142056,141129],{"class":77},[55,142058,74],{"class":73},[55,142060,947],{"class":69},[55,142062,3251],{"class":137},[55,142064,142065,142067,142069,142071,142073,142075,142077,142079,142081,142083,142085],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,142066,117],{"class":116},[55,142068,120],{"class":69},[55,142070,34308],{"class":123},[55,142072,198],{"class":69},[55,142074,141018],{"class":123},[55,142076,120],{"class":69},[55,142078,74],{"class":73},[55,142080,128390],{"class":77},[55,142082,74],{"class":73},[55,142084,947],{"class":69},[55,142086,4363],{"class":137},[14,142088,127081,142089,198],{},[194,142090,142091],{"href":123671},[52,142092,123674],{},[45,142094,142096],{"className":47,"code":142095,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[52,142097,142098,142110,142114],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142099,142100,142102,142104,142106,142108],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142101,34287],{"class":61},[55,142103,66],{"class":65},[55,142105,86],{"class":73},[55,142107,6891],{"class":77},[55,142109,1288],{"class":73},[55,142111,142112],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142113,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,142115,142116,142118,142120,142122,142124,142126,142128,142130,142132,142134,142136,142138,142140],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142117,117],{"class":116},[55,142119,120],{"class":69},[55,142121,34308],{"class":123},[55,142123,198],{"class":69},[55,142125,8236],{"class":123},[55,142127,8233],{"class":69},[55,142129,141018],{"class":123},[55,142131,120],{"class":69},[55,142133,74],{"class":73},[55,142135,128390],{"class":77},[55,142137,74],{"class":73},[55,142139,947],{"class":69},[55,142141,3251],{"class":137},[37,142143,4553,142145],{"id":142144},"when-to-use-startswith",[52,142146,127312],{},[14,142148,142149,142151],{},[52,142150,127312],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[14,142153,8971],{},[21,142155,142156,142159,142162,142171],{},[24,142157,142158],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[24,142160,142161],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[24,142163,142164,142165,2465,142168],{},"Validating text formats like ",[52,142166,142167],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[52,142169,142170],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[24,142172,142173],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[14,142175,233],{},[45,142177,142179],{"className":47,"code":142178,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[52,142180,142181,142194,142198,142227],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142182,142183,142185,142187,142189,142192],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142184,126807],{"class":61},[55,142186,66],{"class":65},[55,142188,86],{"class":73},[55,142190,142191],{"class":77},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[55,142193,1288],{"class":73},[55,142195,142196],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142197,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,142199,142200,142202,142205,142207,142209,142211,142213,142215,142217,142219,142221,142223,142225],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142201,960],{"class":959},[55,142203,142204],{"class":61}," url",[55,142206,198],{"class":69},[55,142208,141018],{"class":123},[55,142210,5103],{"class":69},[55,142212,74],{"class":73},[55,142214,142167],{"class":77},[55,142216,74],{"class":73},[55,142218,83],{"class":69},[55,142220,86],{"class":73},[55,142222,142170],{"class":77},[55,142224,74],{"class":73},[55,142226,69158],{"class":69},[55,142228,142229,142231,142233,142235,142238,142240],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,142230,985],{"class":116},[55,142232,120],{"class":69},[55,142234,74],{"class":73},[55,142236,142237],{"class":77},"This looks like a web URL.",[55,142239,74],{"class":73},[55,142241,103],{"class":69},[37,142243,1298],{"id":1297},[14,142245,22691,142246,198],{},[52,142247,127312],{},[1425,142249,138382],{"id":142250},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[14,142252,142253,123402],{},[52,142254,127312],{},[45,142256,142258],{"className":47,"code":142257,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[52,142259,142260,142272],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142261,142262,142264,142266,142268,142270],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142263,34287],{"class":61},[55,142265,66],{"class":65},[55,142267,86],{"class":73},[55,142269,6891],{"class":77},[55,142271,1288],{"class":73},[55,142273,142274,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142275,117],{"class":116},[55,142277,120],{"class":69},[55,142279,34308],{"class":123},[55,142281,198],{"class":69},[55,142283,141018],{"class":123},[55,142285,120],{"class":69},[55,142287,74],{"class":73},[55,142289,49],{"class":77},[55,142291,74],{"class":73},[55,142293,947],{"class":69},[55,142295,4363],{"class":137},[14,142297,38857],{},[45,142299,142301],{"className":47,"code":142300,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[52,142302,142303],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142304,142305,142307,142309,142311,142313,142315,142317,142319,142321,142323,142325,142327,142329],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142306,117],{"class":116},[55,142308,120],{"class":69},[55,142310,34308],{"class":123},[55,142312,198],{"class":69},[55,142314,8236],{"class":123},[55,142316,8233],{"class":69},[55,142318,141018],{"class":123},[55,142320,120],{"class":69},[55,142322,74],{"class":73},[55,142324,49],{"class":77},[55,142326,74],{"class":73},[55,142328,947],{"class":69},[55,142330,3251],{"class":137},[1425,142332,29247,142334,136864],{"id":142333},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[52,142335,127312],{},[14,142337,142338],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[45,142340,142342],{"className":47,"code":142341,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[52,142343,142344,142352,142356,142361],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142345,142346,142348,142350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142347,2031],{"class":61},[55,142349,66],{"class":65},[55,142351,124626],{"class":130},[55,142353,142354],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142355,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,142357,142358],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142359,142360],{"class":137},"# This will cause an error:\n",[55,142362,142363],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,142364,142365],{"class":137},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[14,142367,38857],{},[45,142369,142371],{"className":47,"code":142370,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[52,142372,142373,142387],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142374,142375,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142376,2031],{"class":61},[55,142378,66],{"class":65},[55,142380,48502],{"class":850},[55,142382,120],{"class":69},[55,142384,49843],{"class":130},[55,142386,103],{"class":69},[55,142388,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397,142399,142401,142403,142405,142407,142409],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142390,117],{"class":116},[55,142392,120],{"class":69},[55,142394,2058],{"class":123},[55,142396,198],{"class":69},[55,142398,141018],{"class":123},[55,142400,120],{"class":69},[55,142402,74],{"class":73},[55,142404,152],{"class":77},[55,142406,74],{"class":73},[55,142408,947],{"class":69},[55,142410,3251],{"class":137},[1425,142412,36800,142414,8301,142416],{"id":142413},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[52,142415,127312],{},[52,142417,3474],{},[14,142419,142420,142422],{},[52,142421,127312],{}," checks only the beginning.",[14,142424,142425,142426,142428,142429,198],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[52,142427,3474],{}," or methods like ",[194,142430,142431],{"href":123954},[52,142432,123939],{},[45,142434,142436],{"className":47,"code":142435,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[52,142437,142438,142450,142454,142478],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142439,142440,142442,142444,142446,142448],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142441,34287],{"class":61},[55,142443,66],{"class":65},[55,142445,86],{"class":73},[55,142447,60003],{"class":77},[55,142449,1288],{"class":73},[55,142451,142452],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142453,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,142455,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464,142466,142468,142470,142472,142474,142476],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142457,117],{"class":116},[55,142459,120],{"class":69},[55,142461,34308],{"class":123},[55,142463,198],{"class":69},[55,142465,141018],{"class":123},[55,142467,120],{"class":69},[55,142469,74],{"class":73},[55,142471,60188],{"class":77},[55,142473,74],{"class":73},[55,142475,947],{"class":69},[55,142477,4363],{"class":137},[55,142479,142480,142482,142484,142486,142488,142490,142492,142494,142496],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,142481,117],{"class":116},[55,142483,120],{"class":69},[55,142485,74],{"class":73},[55,142487,60188],{"class":77},[55,142489,74],{"class":73},[55,142491,20770],{"class":959},[55,142493,42438],{"class":123},[55,142495,970],{"class":69},[55,142497,142498],{"class":137},"           # True\n",[14,142500,135416,142501,198],{},[194,142502,126980],{"href":123199},[1425,142504,4296,142506,3983,142508,142510],{"id":142505},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[52,142507,35671],{},[52,142509,52256],{}," use index positions",[14,142512,142513,142514,198],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[52,142515,131],{},[45,142517,142519],{"className":47,"code":142518,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[52,142520,142521,142534,142538],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142522,142523,142525,142527,142529,142532],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142524,34287],{"class":61},[55,142526,66],{"class":65},[55,142528,86],{"class":73},[55,142530,142531],{"class":77},"abcdef",[55,142533,1288],{"class":73},[55,142535,142536],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142537,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,142539,142540,142542,142544,142546,142548,142550,142552,142554,142557,142559,142561,142563,142565],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142541,117],{"class":116},[55,142543,120],{"class":69},[55,142545,34308],{"class":123},[55,142547,198],{"class":69},[55,142549,141018],{"class":123},[55,142551,120],{"class":69},[55,142553,74],{"class":73},[55,142555,142556],{"class":77},"cd",[55,142558,74],{"class":73},[55,142560,83],{"class":69},[55,142562,976],{"class":130},[55,142564,947],{"class":69},[55,142566,3251],{"class":137},[1425,142568,142570],{"id":142569},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[14,142572,142573],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[14,142575,16241],{},[45,142577,142579],{"className":47,"code":142578,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[52,142580,142581],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142582,142583],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142584,142578],{"class":137},[14,142586,16253],{},[45,142588,142590],{"className":47,"code":142589,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[52,142591,142592,142604],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142593,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142595,34287],{"class":61},[55,142597,66],{"class":65},[55,142599,86],{"class":73},[55,142601,6891],{"class":77},[55,142603,1288],{"class":73},[55,142605,142606,142608,142610,142612,142614,142616,142618,142620,142622,142624,142626,142628,142631,142633,142635],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142607,117],{"class":116},[55,142609,120],{"class":69},[55,142611,34308],{"class":123},[55,142613,198],{"class":69},[55,142615,141018],{"class":123},[55,142617,5103],{"class":69},[55,142619,74],{"class":73},[55,142621,141129],{"class":77},[55,142623,74],{"class":73},[55,142625,83],{"class":69},[55,142627,86],{"class":73},[55,142629,142630],{"class":77},"Ja",[55,142632,74],{"class":73},[55,142634,50687],{"class":69},[55,142636,3251],{"class":137},[14,142638,31681],{},[45,142640,142642],{"className":47,"code":142641,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[52,142643,142644,142654,142668,142690,142716],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142645,142646,142648,142650,142652],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142647,117],{"class":116},[55,142649,120],{"class":69},[55,142651,34308],{"class":123},[55,142653,103],{"class":69},[55,142655,142656,142658,142660,142662,142664,142666],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142657,117],{"class":116},[55,142659,120],{"class":69},[55,142661,1396],{"class":850},[55,142663,120],{"class":69},[55,142665,34308],{"class":123},[55,142667,1357],{"class":69},[55,142669,142670,142672,142674,142676,142678,142680,142682,142684,142686,142688],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142671,117],{"class":116},[55,142673,120],{"class":69},[55,142675,34308],{"class":123},[55,142677,198],{"class":69},[55,142679,141018],{"class":123},[55,142681,120],{"class":69},[55,142683,74],{"class":73},[55,142685,141129],{"class":77},[55,142687,74],{"class":73},[55,142689,1357],{"class":69},[55,142691,142692,142694,142696,142698,142700,142702,142704,142706,142708,142710,142712,142714],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,142693,117],{"class":116},[55,142695,120],{"class":69},[55,142697,34308],{"class":123},[55,142699,198],{"class":69},[55,142701,8236],{"class":123},[55,142703,8233],{"class":69},[55,142705,141018],{"class":123},[55,142707,120],{"class":69},[55,142709,74],{"class":73},[55,142711,128390],{"class":77},[55,142713,74],{"class":73},[55,142715,1357],{"class":69},[55,142717,142718,142720,142722,142724,142726,142728,142730,142732,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742,142744],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,142719,117],{"class":116},[55,142721,120],{"class":69},[55,142723,34308],{"class":123},[55,142725,198],{"class":69},[55,142727,141018],{"class":123},[55,142729,5103],{"class":69},[55,142731,74],{"class":73},[55,142733,141129],{"class":77},[55,142735,74],{"class":73},[55,142737,83],{"class":69},[55,142739,86],{"class":73},[55,142741,142630],{"class":77},[55,142743,74],{"class":73},[55,142745,2499],{"class":69},[37,142747,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,142749,12304,142751,127790],{"id":142750},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[52,142752,127312],{},[14,142754,142755,142756,2465,142758,198],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[52,142757,3194],{},[52,142759,3261],{},[1425,142761,4761,142763,142765],{"id":142762},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[52,142764,127312],{}," check more than one prefix?",[14,142767,142768],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[45,142770,142772],{"className":47,"code":142771,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[52,142773,142774],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142775,142776,142778,142780,142782,142784,142786,142788,142790,142792,142794,142796,142798],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142777,34308],{"class":61},[55,142779,198],{"class":69},[55,142781,141018],{"class":123},[55,142783,5103],{"class":69},[55,142785,74],{"class":73},[55,142787,194],{"class":77},[55,142789,74],{"class":73},[55,142791,83],{"class":69},[55,142793,86],{"class":73},[55,142795,786],{"class":77},[55,142797,74],{"class":73},[55,142799,1357],{"class":69},[1425,142801,14500,142803,124280],{"id":142802},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[52,142804,127312],{},[14,142806,129473],{},[1425,142808,4771,142810,3983,142812,2078],{"id":142809},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[52,142811,127312],{},[52,142813,3474],{},[14,142815,142816,142818,142819,142821],{},[52,142817,127312],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[52,142820,3474],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[1425,142823,27925,142825,3983,142827,8301,142829,2078],{"id":142824},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[52,142826,35671],{},[52,142828,52256],{},[52,142830,127312],{},[14,142832,142833],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[37,142835,1495],{"id":1494},[21,142837,142838,142844,142850,142856,142860],{},[24,142839,142840],{},[194,142841,125944,142842,10339],{"href":129538},[52,142843,126002],{},[24,142845,142846],{},[194,142847,125944,142848,10339],{"href":123954},[52,142849,123939],{},[24,142851,142852],{},[194,142853,125944,142854,10339],{"href":123671},[52,142855,123674],{},[24,142857,142858],{},[194,142859,124343],{"href":123199},[24,142861,142862],{},[194,142863,124699],{"href":50571},[1524,142865,142866],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":142868},[142869,142871,142872,142878,142879,142881,142882,142883,142885,142895,142907],{"id":141064,"depth":106,"text":142870},"What startswith() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":141343,"depth":106,"text":141344,"children":142873},[142874,142875,142876,142877],{"id":141181,"depth":113,"text":141181},{"id":35671,"depth":113,"text":35671},{"id":52256,"depth":113,"text":52256},{"id":141510,"depth":113,"text":141511},{"id":17016,"depth":106,"text":17017},{"id":141688,"depth":106,"text":142880},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141842,"depth":106,"text":141843},{"id":123590,"depth":106,"text":123591},{"id":142144,"depth":106,"text":142884},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":142886},[142887,142888,142890,142892,142894],{"id":142250,"depth":113,"text":138382},{"id":142333,"depth":113,"text":142889},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142413,"depth":113,"text":142891},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142505,"depth":113,"text":142893},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142569,"depth":113,"text":142570},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":142896},[142897,142899,142901,142903,142905],{"id":142750,"depth":113,"text":142898},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142762,"depth":113,"text":142900},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142802,"depth":113,"text":142902},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142809,"depth":113,"text":142904},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142824,"depth":113,"text":142906},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140964,"description":142908},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142915,"title":142916,"body":142917,"description":144371,"extension":1546,"meta":144372,"navigation":109,"path":144373,"seo":144374,"stem":144375,"__hash__":144376},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142918,"toc":144341},[142919,142924,142929,142932,142934,142978,142980,142988,142993,142998,143003,143005,143023,143025,143071,143073,143087,143096,143100,143102,143104,143116,143121,143124,143156,143158,143167,143172,143175,143216,143218,143226,143228,143241,143247,143251,143254,143270,143272,143321,143323,143332,143335,143394,143396,143405,143412,143415,143468,143470,143494,143501,143507,143511,143517,143520,143531,143533,143573,143575,143583,143585,143625,143627,143636,143638,143656,143659,143666,143677,143680,143697,143699,143776,143778,143809,143812,143814,143817,143843,143845,143885,143887,143896,143906,143914,143922,143927,143932,143934,143948,143950,144001,144003,144012,144022,144024,144026,144048,144051,144130,144132,144168,144171,144246,144251,144253,144259,144264,144269,144272,144278,144281,144288,144296,144300,144308,144310,144338],[10,142920,122944,142922,10920],{"id":142921},"python-string-strip-method",[52,142923,41250],{},[14,142925,31916,142926,142928],{},[52,142927,41250],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[14,142930,142931],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[37,142933,40],{"id":39},[45,142935,142937],{"className":47,"code":142936,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[52,142938,142939,142952,142967],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142940,142941,142943,142945,142947,142950],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142942,34287],{"class":61},[55,142944,66],{"class":65},[55,142946,86],{"class":73},[55,142948,142949],{"class":77},"  hello  ",[55,142951,1288],{"class":73},[55,142953,142954,142957,142959,142961,142963,142965],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,142955,142956],{"class":61},"clean_text ",[55,142958,66],{"class":65},[55,142960,42438],{"class":61},[55,142962,198],{"class":69},[55,142964,8230],{"class":123},[55,142966,8239],{"class":69},[55,142968,142969,142971,142973,142976],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,142970,117],{"class":116},[55,142972,120],{"class":69},[55,142974,142975],{"class":123},"clean_text",[55,142977,103],{"class":69},[14,142979,314],{},[45,142981,142982],{"className":47,"code":138257,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,142983,142984],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,142985,142986],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,142987,138257],{"class":61},[14,142989,1440,142990,142992],{},[52,142991,41250],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[37,142994,3265,142996,3268],{"id":142995},"what-strip-does",[52,142997,41250],{},[14,142999,143000,143002],{},[52,143001,41250],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[14,143004,12652],{},[21,143006,143007,143011,143014,143017,143020],{},[24,143008,143009,131294],{},[52,143010,41250],{},[24,143012,143013],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[24,143015,143016],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[24,143018,143019],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[24,143021,143022],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[14,143024,233],{},[45,143026,143028],{"className":47,"code":143027,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[52,143029,143030,143043,143047,143061],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143031,143032,143034,143036,143038,143041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143033,34287],{"class":61},[55,143035,66],{"class":65},[55,143037,86],{"class":73},[55,143039,143040],{"class":77},"  hello world  ",[55,143042,1288],{"class":73},[55,143044,143045],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143046,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,143048,143049,143051,143053,143055,143057,143059],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,143050,117],{"class":116},[55,143052,120],{"class":69},[55,143054,34308],{"class":123},[55,143056,198],{"class":69},[55,143058,8230],{"class":123},[55,143060,6788],{"class":69},[55,143062,143063,143065,143067,143069],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,143064,117],{"class":116},[55,143066,120],{"class":69},[55,143068,34308],{"class":123},[55,143070,103],{"class":69},[14,143072,314],{},[45,143074,143076],{"className":47,"code":143075,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[52,143077,143078,143082],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143079,143080],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143081,133958],{"class":61},[55,143083,143084],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143085,143086],{"class":61},"  hello world\n",[14,143088,143089,143090,143092,143093,143095],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[52,143091,41250],{},", but the original ",[52,143094,34308],{}," value is unchanged.",[14,143097,124696,143098,198],{},[194,143099,124699],{"href":50571},[37,143101,1740],{"id":1739},[14,143103,26083],{},[21,143105,143106,143111],{},[24,143107,143108],{},[52,143109,143110],{},"string.strip()",[24,143112,143113],{},[52,143114,143115],{},"string.strip(chars)",[1425,143117,143119],{"id":143118},"stringstrip",[52,143120,143110],{},[14,143122,143123],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[45,143125,143127],{"className":47,"code":143126,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[52,143128,143129,143142],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143130,143131,143133,143135,143137,143140],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143132,7471],{"class":61},[55,143134,66],{"class":65},[55,143136,86],{"class":73},[55,143138,143139],{"class":77},"  Alice  ",[55,143141,1288],{"class":73},[55,143143,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143145,117],{"class":116},[55,143147,120],{"class":69},[55,143149,7263],{"class":123},[55,143151,198],{"class":69},[55,143153,8230],{"class":123},[55,143155,6788],{"class":69},[14,143157,314],{},[45,143159,143161],{"className":47,"code":143160,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Alice\n",[52,143162,143163],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143164,143165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143166,143160],{"class":61},[1425,143168,143170],{"id":143169},"stringstripchars",[52,143171,143115],{},[14,143173,143174],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[45,143176,143178],{"className":47,"code":143177,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[52,143179,143180,143193],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143181,143182,143184,143186,143188,143191],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143183,34287],{"class":61},[55,143185,66],{"class":65},[55,143187,86],{"class":73},[55,143189,143190],{"class":77},"!!hello??",[55,143192,1288],{"class":73},[55,143194,143195,143197,143199,143201,143203,143205,143207,143209,143212,143214],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143196,117],{"class":116},[55,143198,120],{"class":69},[55,143200,34308],{"class":123},[55,143202,198],{"class":69},[55,143204,8230],{"class":123},[55,143206,120],{"class":69},[55,143208,74],{"class":73},[55,143210,143211],{"class":77},"!?",[55,143213,74],{"class":73},[55,143215,1357],{"class":69},[14,143217,314],{},[45,143219,143220],{"className":47,"code":138257,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,143221,143222],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143223,143224],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143225,138257],{"class":61},[14,143227,83411],{},[21,143229,143230,143235],{},[24,143231,143232,143234],{},[52,143233,134201],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[24,143236,143237,143238,143240],{},"The order of characters in ",[52,143239,134201],{}," does not matter",[37,143242,143244,143245],{"id":143243},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[52,143246,41250],{},[14,143248,30483,143249,198],{},[52,143250,41250],{},[14,143252,143253],{},"It is useful for:",[21,143255,143256,143261,143264,143267],{},[24,143257,143258,143259,3477],{},"Cleaning ",[52,143260,2545],{},[24,143262,143263],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[24,143265,143266],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[24,143268,143269],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[14,143271,47959],{},[45,143273,143275],{"className":47,"code":143274,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[52,143276,143277,143290,143306,143310],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143278,143279,143281,143283,143285,143288],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143280,7556],{"class":61},[55,143282,66],{"class":65},[55,143284,86],{"class":73},[55,143286,143287],{"class":77},"  sam  ",[55,143289,1288],{"class":73},[55,143291,143292,143295,143297,143300,143302,143304],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143293,143294],{"class":61},"clean_username ",[55,143296,66],{"class":65},[55,143298,143299],{"class":61}," username",[55,143301,198],{"class":69},[55,143303,8230],{"class":123},[55,143305,8239],{"class":69},[55,143307,143308],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,143309,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,143311,143312,143314,143316,143319],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,143313,117],{"class":116},[55,143315,120],{"class":69},[55,143317,143318],{"class":123},"clean_username",[55,143320,103],{"class":69},[14,143322,314],{},[45,143324,143326],{"className":47,"code":143325,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"sam\n",[52,143327,143328],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143329,143330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143331,143325],{"class":61},[14,143333,143334],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[45,143336,143338],{"className":47,"code":143337,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[52,143339,143340,143353,143357,143379],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143341,143342,143344,143346,143348,143351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143343,136185],{"class":61},[55,143345,66],{"class":65},[55,143347,86],{"class":73},[55,143349,143350],{"class":77}," yes  ",[55,143352,1288],{"class":73},[55,143354,143355],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143356,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,143358,143359,143361,143363,143365,143367,143369,143371,143373,143375,143377],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,143360,960],{"class":959},[55,143362,136205],{"class":61},[55,143364,198],{"class":69},[55,143366,8230],{"class":123},[55,143368,6960],{"class":69},[55,143370,6002],{"class":65},[55,143372,86],{"class":73},[55,143374,8254],{"class":77},[55,143376,74],{"class":73},[55,143378,979],{"class":69},[55,143380,143381,143383,143385,143387,143390,143392],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,143382,985],{"class":116},[55,143384,120],{"class":69},[55,143386,74],{"class":73},[55,143388,143389],{"class":77},"Matched",[55,143391,74],{"class":73},[55,143393,103],{"class":69},[14,143395,314],{},[45,143397,143399],{"className":47,"code":143398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Matched\n",[52,143400,143401],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143402,143403],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143404,143398],{"class":61},[14,143406,143407,143408,198],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[194,143409,143411],{"href":143410},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[14,143413,143414],{},"Example with file-style text:",[45,143416,143418],{"className":47,"code":143417,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[52,143419,143420,143436,143450],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143421,143422,143425,143427,143429,143432,143434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143423,143424],{"class":61},"line ",[55,143426,66],{"class":65},[55,143428,86],{"class":73},[55,143430,143431],{"class":77},"Python basics",[55,143433,86743],{"class":844},[55,143435,1288],{"class":73},[55,143437,143438,143440,143442,143444,143446,143448],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143439,117],{"class":116},[55,143441,120],{"class":69},[55,143443,41376],{"class":116},[55,143445,120],{"class":69},[55,143447,57],{"class":123},[55,143449,1357],{"class":69},[55,143451,143452,143454,143456,143458,143460,143462,143464,143466],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,143453,117],{"class":116},[55,143455,120],{"class":69},[55,143457,41376],{"class":116},[55,143459,120],{"class":69},[55,143461,57],{"class":123},[55,143463,198],{"class":69},[55,143465,8230],{"class":123},[55,143467,5884],{"class":69},[14,143469,314],{},[45,143471,143473],{"className":47,"code":143472,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[52,143474,143475,143486],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143476,143477,143479,143481,143484],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143478,2889],{"class":42925},[55,143480,143431],{"class":42929},[55,143482,86743],{"class":143483},"sfi6f",[55,143485,29297],{"class":42925},[55,143487,143488,143490,143492],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143489,2889],{"class":42925},[55,143491,143431],{"class":42929},[55,143493,29297],{"class":42925},[14,143495,8012,143496,143498,143499,198],{},[52,143497,122158],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[52,143500,86743],{},[14,143502,143503,143504,198],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[194,143505,143506],{"href":87396},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[37,143508,143510],{"id":143509},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[14,143512,143513,143514,198],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[52,143515,143516],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[14,143518,143519],{},"Python will:",[21,143521,143522,143525,143528],{},[24,143523,143524],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[24,143526,143527],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[24,143529,143530],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[14,143532,233],{},[45,143534,143536],{"className":47,"code":143535,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[52,143537,143538,143551],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143539,143540,143542,143544,143546,143549],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143541,34287],{"class":61},[55,143543,66],{"class":65},[55,143545,86],{"class":73},[55,143547,143548],{"class":77},"??hello!!",[55,143550,1288],{"class":73},[55,143552,143553,143555,143557,143559,143561,143563,143565,143567,143569,143571],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143554,117],{"class":116},[55,143556,120],{"class":69},[55,143558,34308],{"class":123},[55,143560,198],{"class":69},[55,143562,8230],{"class":123},[55,143564,120],{"class":69},[55,143566,74],{"class":73},[55,143568,143211],{"class":77},[55,143570,74],{"class":73},[55,143572,1357],{"class":69},[14,143574,314],{},[45,143576,143577],{"className":47,"code":138257,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,143578,143579],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143580,143581],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143582,138257],{"class":61},[14,143584,51675],{},[45,143586,143588],{"className":47,"code":143587,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[52,143589,143590,143603],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143591,143592,143594,143596,143598,143601],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143593,34287],{"class":61},[55,143595,66],{"class":65},[55,143597,86],{"class":73},[55,143599,143600],{"class":77},"abcHelloCba",[55,143602,1288],{"class":73},[55,143604,143605,143607,143609,143611,143613,143615,143617,143619,143621,143623],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143606,117],{"class":116},[55,143608,120],{"class":69},[55,143610,34308],{"class":123},[55,143612,198],{"class":69},[55,143614,8230],{"class":123},[55,143616,120],{"class":69},[55,143618,74],{"class":73},[55,143620,41157],{"class":77},[55,143622,74],{"class":73},[55,143624,1357],{"class":69},[14,143626,314],{},[45,143628,143630],{"className":47,"code":143629,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"HelloC\n",[52,143631,143632],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143633,143634],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143635,143629],{"class":61},[14,143637,5829],{},[14,143639,143640,13650,143643,143645,143646,143648,143649,1773,143651,1777,143653,143655],{},[52,143641,143642],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3332,143644,4222],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[52,143647,41157],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[52,143650,194],{},[52,143652,786],{},[52,143654,795],{}," characters from both ends”.",[14,143657,143658],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[14,143660,143661,143662,6226],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[194,143663,143664],{"href":129525},[52,143665,124115],{},[37,143667,143669,10183,143671,10183,143674],{"id":143668},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[52,143670,41250],{},[52,143672,143673],{},"lstrip()",[52,143675,143676],{},"rstrip()",[14,143678,143679],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[21,143681,143682,143687,143692],{},[24,143683,143684,143686],{},[52,143685,41250],{}," removes from both ends",[24,143688,143689,143691],{},[52,143690,143673],{}," removes from the left side only",[24,143693,143694,143696],{},[52,143695,143676],{}," removes from the right side only",[14,143698,233],{},[45,143700,143702],{"className":47,"code":143701,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[52,143703,143704,143716,143720,143738,143757],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143705,143706,143708,143710,143712,143714],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143707,34287],{"class":61},[55,143709,66],{"class":65},[55,143711,86],{"class":73},[55,143713,142949],{"class":77},[55,143715,1288],{"class":73},[55,143717,143718],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143719,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,143721,143722,143724,143726,143728,143730,143732,143734,143736],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,143723,117],{"class":116},[55,143725,120],{"class":69},[55,143727,41376],{"class":116},[55,143729,120],{"class":69},[55,143731,34308],{"class":123},[55,143733,198],{"class":69},[55,143735,8230],{"class":123},[55,143737,5884],{"class":69},[55,143739,143740,143742,143744,143746,143748,143750,143752,143755],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,143741,117],{"class":116},[55,143743,120],{"class":69},[55,143745,41376],{"class":116},[55,143747,120],{"class":69},[55,143749,34308],{"class":123},[55,143751,198],{"class":69},[55,143753,143754],{"class":123},"lstrip",[55,143756,5884],{"class":69},[55,143758,143759,143761,143763,143765,143767,143769,143771,143774],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,143760,117],{"class":116},[55,143762,120],{"class":69},[55,143764,41376],{"class":116},[55,143766,120],{"class":69},[55,143768,34308],{"class":123},[55,143770,198],{"class":69},[55,143772,143773],{"class":123},"rstrip",[55,143775,5884],{"class":69},[14,143777,314],{},[45,143779,143781],{"className":47,"code":143780,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[52,143782,143783,143791,143800],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143784,143785,143787,143789],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143786,2889],{"class":42925},[55,143788,3436],{"class":42929},[55,143790,29297],{"class":42925},[55,143792,143793,143795,143798],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143794,2889],{"class":42925},[55,143796,143797],{"class":42929},"hello  ",[55,143799,29297],{"class":42925},[55,143801,143802,143804,143807],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,143803,2889],{"class":42925},[55,143805,143806],{"class":42929},"  hello",[55,143808,29297],{"class":42925},[14,143810,143811],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[37,143813,107952],{"id":107951},[14,143815,143816],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[21,143818,143819,143827,143837,143840],{},[24,143820,143821,143823,143824,143826],{},[52,143822,143642],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[52,143825,41126],{}," once",[24,143828,143829,143830,1773,143832,1777,143834,143836],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[52,143831,194],{},[52,143833,786],{},[52,143835,795],{}," from both ends",[24,143838,143839],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[24,143841,143842],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[14,143844,233],{},[45,143846,143848],{"className":47,"code":143847,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[52,143849,143850,143863],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143851,143852,143854,143856,143858,143861],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143853,126027],{"class":61},[55,143855,66],{"class":65},[55,143857,86],{"class":73},[55,143859,143860],{"class":77},"txt_report.txt",[55,143862,1288],{"class":73},[55,143864,143865,143867,143869,143871,143873,143875,143877,143879,143881,143883],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143866,117],{"class":116},[55,143868,120],{"class":69},[55,143870,126045],{"class":123},[55,143872,198],{"class":69},[55,143874,8230],{"class":123},[55,143876,120],{"class":69},[55,143878,74],{"class":73},[55,143880,126080],{"class":77},[55,143882,74],{"class":73},[55,143884,1357],{"class":69},[14,143886,314],{},[45,143888,143890],{"className":47,"code":143889,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"_report\n",[52,143891,143892],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143893,143894],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143895,143889],{"class":61},[14,143897,143898,143899,1773,143901,1777,143903,143905],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[52,143900,198],{},[52,143902,62882],{},[52,143904,1757],{}," characters from both ends.",[14,143907,53249,143908,4375,143911,143913],{},[52,143909,143910],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3332,143912,4222],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[14,143915,143916,143917,143921],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[194,143918,143919],{"href":129525},[52,143920,124115],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[37,143923,4553,143925],{"id":143924},"when-to-use-strip",[52,143926,41250],{},[14,143928,1440,143929,143931],{},[52,143930,41250],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[14,143933,36021],{},[21,143935,143936,143940,143942,143945],{},[24,143937,143258,143938,3477],{},[52,143939,2545],{},[24,143941,143263],{},[24,143943,143944],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[24,143946,143947],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[14,143949,233],{},[45,143951,143953],{"className":47,"code":143952,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[52,143954,143955,143969,143973,143986],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,143956,143957,143960,143962,143964,143967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,143958,143959],{"class":61},"email ",[55,143961,66],{"class":65},[55,143963,86],{"class":73},[55,143965,143966],{"class":77},"  user@example.com  ",[55,143968,1288],{"class":73},[55,143970,143971],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,143972,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,143974,143975,143977,143980,143982,143984],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,143976,960],{"class":959},[55,143978,143979],{"class":61}," email",[55,143981,198],{"class":69},[55,143983,8230],{"class":123},[55,143985,21192],{"class":69},[55,143987,143988,143990,143992,143994,143997,143999],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,143989,985],{"class":116},[55,143991,120],{"class":69},[55,143993,74],{"class":73},[55,143995,143996],{"class":77},"Email was entered",[55,143998,74],{"class":73},[55,144000,103],{"class":69},[14,144002,314],{},[45,144004,144006],{"className":47,"code":144005,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Email was entered\n",[52,144007,144008],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144009,144010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144011,144005],{"class":61},[14,144013,144014,144015,144017,144018,198],{},"You may also combine ",[52,144016,41250],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[194,144019,144020],{"href":123671},[52,144021,123674],{},[37,144023,1298],{"id":1297},[14,144025,83830],{},[21,144027,144028,144032,144037,144042],{},[24,144029,8048,144030,131164],{},[52,144031,41250],{},[24,144033,8048,144034,144036],{},[52,144035,41250],{}," to remove text from the middle",[24,144038,8012,144039,144041],{},[52,144040,143910],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[24,144043,4296,144044,144047],{},[52,144045,144046],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[14,144049,144050],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[45,144052,144054],{"className":47,"code":144053,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[52,144055,144056,144070,144074,144084,144098,144112],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144057,144058,144060,144062,144064,144066,144068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144059,34287],{"class":61},[55,144061,66],{"class":65},[55,144063,86],{"class":73},[55,144065,143806],{"class":77},[55,144067,86743],{"class":844},[55,144069,1288],{"class":73},[55,144071,144072],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144073,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,144075,144076,144078,144080,144082],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144077,117],{"class":116},[55,144079,120],{"class":69},[55,144081,34308],{"class":123},[55,144083,103],{"class":69},[55,144085,144086,144088,144090,144092,144094,144096],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144087,117],{"class":116},[55,144089,120],{"class":69},[55,144091,41376],{"class":116},[55,144093,120],{"class":69},[55,144095,34308],{"class":123},[55,144097,1357],{"class":69},[55,144099,144100,144102,144104,144106,144108,144110],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,144101,117],{"class":116},[55,144103,120],{"class":69},[55,144105,34308],{"class":123},[55,144107,198],{"class":69},[55,144109,8230],{"class":123},[55,144111,6788],{"class":69},[55,144113,144114,144116,144118,144120,144122,144124,144126,144128],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,144115,117],{"class":116},[55,144117,120],{"class":69},[55,144119,41376],{"class":116},[55,144121,120],{"class":69},[55,144123,34308],{"class":123},[55,144125,198],{"class":69},[55,144127,8230],{"class":123},[55,144129,5884],{"class":69},[14,144131,314],{},[45,144133,144135],{"className":47,"code":144134,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[52,144136,144137,144142,144146,144156,144160],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144138,144139],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144140,144141],{"class":61},"  hello\n",[55,144143,144144],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144145,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,144147,144148,144150,144152,144154],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144149,2889],{"class":42925},[55,144151,143806],{"class":42929},[55,144153,86743],{"class":143483},[55,144155,29297],{"class":42925},[55,144157,144158],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144159,138257],{"class":61},[55,144161,144162,144164,144166],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,144163,2889],{"class":42925},[55,144165,3436],{"class":42929},[55,144167,29297],{"class":42925},[14,144169,144170],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[45,144172,144174],{"className":47,"code":144173,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[52,144175,144176,144186,144200,144214,144232],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144177,144178,144180,144182,144184],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144179,117],{"class":116},[55,144181,120],{"class":69},[55,144183,34308],{"class":123},[55,144185,103],{"class":69},[55,144187,144188,144190,144192,144194,144196,144198],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144189,117],{"class":116},[55,144191,120],{"class":69},[55,144193,41376],{"class":116},[55,144195,120],{"class":69},[55,144197,34308],{"class":123},[55,144199,1357],{"class":69},[55,144201,144202,144204,144206,144208,144210,144212],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144203,117],{"class":116},[55,144205,120],{"class":69},[55,144207,34308],{"class":123},[55,144209,198],{"class":69},[55,144211,8230],{"class":123},[55,144213,6788],{"class":69},[55,144215,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144226,144228,144230],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144217,117],{"class":116},[55,144219,120],{"class":69},[55,144221,41376],{"class":116},[55,144223,120],{"class":69},[55,144225,34308],{"class":123},[55,144227,198],{"class":69},[55,144229,8230],{"class":123},[55,144231,5884],{"class":69},[55,144233,144234,144236,144238,144240,144242,144244],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,144235,31751],{"class":116},[55,144237,120],{"class":69},[55,144239,3032],{"class":850},[55,144241,198],{"class":69},[55,144243,8230],{"class":24347},[55,144245,103],{"class":69},[14,144247,144248,144250],{},[52,144249,122158],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[37,144252,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,144254,12304,144256,144258],{"id":144255},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[52,144257,41250],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[14,144260,45963,144261,144263],{},[52,144262,41250],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[1425,144265,12304,144267,124271],{"id":144266},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[52,144268,41250],{},[14,144270,144271],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[1425,144273,4733,144275,144277],{"id":144274},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[52,144276,41250],{}," remove by default?",[14,144279,144280],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[1425,144282,33805,144284,33808,144286,2078],{"id":144283},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[52,144285,41250],{},[52,144287,124115],{},[14,144289,144290,144292,144293,144295],{},[52,144291,41250],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[52,144294,124115],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[1425,144297,144299],{"id":144298},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[14,144301,127817,144302,144304,144305,144307],{},[52,144303,143673],{}," for the left side and ",[52,144306,143676],{}," for the right side.",[37,144309,1495],{"id":1494},[21,144311,144312,144318,144324,144329,144334],{},[24,144313,144314],{},[194,144315,125944,144316,10339],{"href":123671},[52,144317,123674],{},[24,144319,144320],{},[194,144321,125944,144322,10339],{"href":129525},[52,144323,124115],{},[24,144325,144326],{},[194,144327,144328],{"href":143410},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[24,144330,144331],{},[194,144332,144333],{"href":87396},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[24,144335,144336],{},[194,144337,124699],{"href":50571},[1524,144339,144340],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":144342},[144343,144344,144346,144350,144352,144353,144355,144356,144358,144359,144370],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":142995,"depth":106,"text":144345},"What strip() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740,"children":144347},[144348,144349],{"id":143118,"depth":113,"text":143110},{"id":143169,"depth":113,"text":143115},{"id":143243,"depth":106,"text":144351},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143509,"depth":106,"text":143510},{"id":143668,"depth":106,"text":144354},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107951,"depth":106,"text":107952},{"id":143924,"depth":106,"text":144357},"When to use strip()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":144360},[144361,144363,144365,144367,144369],{"id":144255,"depth":113,"text":144362},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144266,"depth":113,"text":144364},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144274,"depth":113,"text":144366},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144283,"depth":113,"text":144368},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144298,"depth":113,"text":144299},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142916,"description":144371},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144378,"title":144379,"body":144380,"description":145560,"extension":1546,"meta":145561,"navigation":109,"path":145562,"seo":145563,"stem":145564,"__hash__":145565},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144381,"toc":145530},[144382,144387,144392,144397,144399,144445,144453,144458,144472,144478,144480,144482,144497,144499,144509,144512,144543,144546,144569,144571,144574,144631,144633,144647,144649,144663,144669,144674,144677,144718,144720,144729,144737,144740,144785,144787,144796,144799,144803,144808,144822,144824,144856,144858,144878,144881,144886,144891,144893,144904,144907,144964,144966,144974,144983,144985,144987,144993,144995,145032,145034,145042,145044,145085,145087,145096,145101,145106,145108,145135,145142,145145,145176,145178,145187,145193,145202,145233,145235,145247,145260,145264,145269,145299,145301,145368,145370,145380,145382,145387,145390,145395,145400,145404,145410,145416,145419,145421,145479,145481,145489,145491,145527],[10,144383,122944,144385,10920],{"id":144384},"python-string-upper-method",[52,144386,127822],{},[14,144388,122949,144389,144391],{},[52,144390,127822],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[14,144393,84207,144394,144396],{},[52,144395,127822],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[37,144398,1588],{"id":1587},[45,144400,144402],{"className":47,"code":144401,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[52,144403,144404,144416,144430,144440],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144405,144406,144408,144410,144412,144414],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144407,34287],{"class":61},[55,144409,66],{"class":65},[55,144411,86],{"class":73},[55,144413,128663],{"class":77},[55,144415,1288],{"class":73},[55,144417,144418,144420,144422,144424,144426,144428],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144419,1814],{"class":61},[55,144421,66],{"class":65},[55,144423,42438],{"class":61},[55,144425,198],{"class":69},[55,144427,34077],{"class":123},[55,144429,8239],{"class":69},[55,144431,144432,144434,144436,144438],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144433,117],{"class":116},[55,144435,120],{"class":69},[55,144437,1849],{"class":123},[55,144439,103],{"class":69},[55,144441,144442],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144443,144444],{"class":137},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[14,144446,144447,144449,144450,144452],{},[52,144448,127822],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3332,144451,4222],{}," change the original string in place.",[37,144454,3265,144456,3268],{"id":144455},"what-upper-does",[52,144457,127822],{},[21,144459,144460,144465,144468,144470],{},[24,144461,144462,144464],{},[52,144463,127822],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[24,144466,144467],{},"It works on string values only",[24,144469,133190],{},[24,144471,135908],{},[14,144473,124696,144474,2465,144476,198],{},[194,144475,135914],{"href":135913},[194,144477,124699],{"href":50571},[37,144479,1740],{"id":1739},[14,144481,1743],{},[45,144483,144485],{"className":47,"code":144484,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"string.upper()\n",[52,144486,144487],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144488,144489,144491,144493,144495],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144490,60770],{"class":61},[55,144492,198],{"class":69},[55,144494,34077],{"class":123},[55,144496,8239],{"class":69},[14,144498,211],{},[21,144500,144501,144503,144506],{},[24,144502,97117],{},[24,144504,144505],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[24,144507,144508],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[14,144510,144511],{},"Example with a variable:",[45,144513,144515],{"className":47,"code":144514,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[52,144516,144517,144529],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144518,144519,144521,144523,144525,144527],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144520,7471],{"class":61},[55,144522,66],{"class":65},[55,144524,86],{"class":73},[55,144526,49],{"class":77},[55,144528,1288],{"class":73},[55,144530,144531,144533,144535,144537,144539,144541],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144532,117],{"class":116},[55,144534,120],{"class":69},[55,144536,7263],{"class":123},[55,144538,198],{"class":69},[55,144540,34077],{"class":123},[55,144542,6788],{"class":69},[14,144544,144545],{},"Example with a string literal:",[45,144547,144549],{"className":47,"code":144548,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[52,144550,144551],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144552,144553,144555,144557,144559,144561,144563,144565,144567],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144554,117],{"class":116},[55,144556,120],{"class":69},[55,144558,74],{"class":73},[55,144560,3436],{"class":77},[55,144562,74],{"class":73},[55,144564,198],{"class":69},[55,144566,34077],{"class":123},[55,144568,6788],{"class":69},[37,144570,11073],{"id":11072},[14,144572,144573],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[45,144575,144577],{"className":47,"code":144576,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[52,144578,144579,144591,144606,144610,144620],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144580,144581,144583,144585,144587,144589],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144582,5748],{"class":61},[55,144584,66],{"class":65},[55,144586,86],{"class":73},[55,144588,416],{"class":77},[55,144590,1288],{"class":73},[55,144592,144593,144596,144598,144600,144602,144604],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144594,144595],{"class":61},"uppercase_word ",[55,144597,66],{"class":65},[55,144599,37978],{"class":61},[55,144601,198],{"class":69},[55,144603,34077],{"class":123},[55,144605,8239],{"class":69},[55,144607,144608],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144609,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,144611,144612,144614,144616,144618],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144613,117],{"class":116},[55,144615,120],{"class":69},[55,144617,37987],{"class":123},[55,144619,103],{"class":69},[55,144621,144622,144624,144626,144629],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,144623,117],{"class":116},[55,144625,120],{"class":69},[55,144627,144628],{"class":123},"uppercase_word",[55,144630,103],{"class":69},[14,144632,314],{},[45,144634,144636],{"className":47,"code":144635,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"banana\nBANANA\n",[52,144637,144638,144642],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144639,144640],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144641,70000],{"class":61},[55,144643,144644],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144645,144646],{"class":844},"BANANA\n",[14,144648,112058],{},[21,144650,144651,144656],{},[24,144652,144653,144655],{},[52,144654,37987],{}," keeps its original value",[24,144657,144658,144660,144661],{},[52,144659,144628],{}," stores the returned value from ",[52,144662,127822],{},[37,144664,144666,144668],{"id":144665},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[52,144667,127822],{}," does not change the original string",[14,144670,136574,144671,144673],{},[3332,144672,136577],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[14,144675,144676],{},"So this method:",[45,144678,144680],{"className":47,"code":144679,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[52,144681,144682,144694,144704,144708],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144683,144684,144686,144688,144690,144692],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144685,7471],{"class":61},[55,144687,66],{"class":65},[55,144689,86],{"class":73},[55,144691,17400],{"class":77},[55,144693,1288],{"class":73},[55,144695,144696,144698,144700,144702],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144697,7263],{"class":61},[55,144699,198],{"class":69},[55,144701,34077],{"class":123},[55,144703,8239],{"class":69},[55,144705,144706],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144707,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,144709,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144711,117],{"class":116},[55,144713,120],{"class":69},[55,144715,7263],{"class":123},[55,144717,103],{"class":69},[14,144719,314],{},[45,144721,144723],{"className":47,"code":144722,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"alice\n",[52,144724,144725],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144726,144727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144728,144722],{"class":61},[14,144730,20574,144731,144733,144734,144736],{},[52,144732,127822],{}," was called, ",[52,144735,7263],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[14,144738,144739],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[45,144741,144743],{"className":47,"code":144742,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[52,144744,144745,144757,144771,144775],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144746,144747,144749,144751,144753,144755],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144748,7471],{"class":61},[55,144750,66],{"class":65},[55,144752,86],{"class":73},[55,144754,17400],{"class":77},[55,144756,1288],{"class":73},[55,144758,144759,144761,144763,144765,144767,144769],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144760,7471],{"class":61},[55,144762,66],{"class":65},[55,144764,35590],{"class":61},[55,144766,198],{"class":69},[55,144768,34077],{"class":123},[55,144770,8239],{"class":69},[55,144772,144773],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144774,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,144776,144777,144779,144781,144783],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144778,117],{"class":116},[55,144780,120],{"class":69},[55,144782,7263],{"class":123},[55,144784,103],{"class":69},[14,144786,314],{},[45,144788,144790],{"className":47,"code":144789,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ALICE\n",[52,144791,144792],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144793,144794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144795,144789],{"class":844},[14,144797,144798],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[37,144800,144802],{"id":144801},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[14,144804,144805,144807],{},[52,144806,127822],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[21,144809,144810,144813,144816,144819],{},[24,144811,144812],{},"Numbers stay the same",[24,144814,144815],{},"Spaces stay the same",[24,144817,144818],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[24,144820,144821],{},"Only letters are changed",[14,144823,233],{},[45,144825,144827],{"className":47,"code":144826,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[52,144828,144829,144842],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144830,144831,144833,144835,144837,144840],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144832,34287],{"class":61},[55,144834,66],{"class":65},[55,144836,86],{"class":73},[55,144838,144839],{"class":77},"Room 7, table #3!",[55,144841,1288],{"class":73},[55,144843,144844,144846,144848,144850,144852,144854],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144845,117],{"class":116},[55,144847,120],{"class":69},[55,144849,34308],{"class":123},[55,144851,198],{"class":69},[55,144853,34077],{"class":123},[55,144855,6788],{"class":69},[14,144857,314],{},[45,144859,144861],{"className":47,"code":144860,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[52,144862,144863],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144864,144865,144868,144870,144872,144875],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144866,144867],{"class":844},"ROOM",[55,144869,5587],{"class":130},[55,144871,83],{"class":69},[55,144873,144874],{"class":844}," TABLE",[55,144876,144877],{"class":137}," #3!\n",[14,144879,144880],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[37,144882,4553,144884],{"id":144883},"when-to-use-upper",[52,144885,127822],{},[14,144887,144888,144890],{},[52,144889,127822],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[14,144892,47937],{},[21,144894,144895,144898,144901],{},[24,144896,144897],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[24,144899,144900],{},"Format labels or headings",[24,144902,144903],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[14,144905,144906],{},"Example: simple comparison",[45,144908,144910],{"className":47,"code":144909,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[52,144911,144912,144924,144928,144950],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144913,144914,144916,144918,144920,144922],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144915,136185],{"class":61},[55,144917,66],{"class":65},[55,144919,86],{"class":73},[55,144921,8254],{"class":77},[55,144923,1288],{"class":73},[55,144925,144926],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,144927,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,144929,144930,144932,144934,144936,144938,144940,144942,144944,144946,144948],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,144931,960],{"class":959},[55,144933,136205],{"class":61},[55,144935,198],{"class":69},[55,144937,34077],{"class":123},[55,144939,6960],{"class":69},[55,144941,6002],{"class":65},[55,144943,86],{"class":73},[55,144945,136192],{"class":77},[55,144947,74],{"class":73},[55,144949,979],{"class":69},[55,144951,144952,144954,144956,144958,144960,144962],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,144953,985],{"class":116},[55,144955,120],{"class":69},[55,144957,74],{"class":73},[55,144959,143389],{"class":77},[55,144961,74],{"class":73},[55,144963,103],{"class":69},[14,144965,314],{},[45,144967,144968],{"className":47,"code":143398,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,144969,144970],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,144971,144972],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,144973,143398],{"class":61},[14,144975,144976,144977,1773,144979,1777,144981,198],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[52,144978,8254],{},[52,144980,136978],{},[52,144982,136192],{},[37,144984,1298],{"id":1297},[1425,144986,95478],{"id":95477},[14,144988,7711,144989,144992],{},[52,144990,144991],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[14,144994,16241],{},[45,144996,144998],{"className":47,"code":144997,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[52,144999,145000,145012,145022],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145001,145002,145004,145006,145008,145010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145003,34287],{"class":61},[55,145005,66],{"class":65},[55,145007,86],{"class":73},[55,145009,3436],{"class":77},[55,145011,1288],{"class":73},[55,145013,145014,145016,145018,145020],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145015,34308],{"class":61},[55,145017,198],{"class":69},[55,145019,34077],{"class":123},[55,145021,8239],{"class":69},[55,145023,145024,145026,145028,145030],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,145025,117],{"class":116},[55,145027,120],{"class":69},[55,145029,34308],{"class":123},[55,145031,103],{"class":69},[14,145033,314],{},[45,145035,145036],{"className":47,"code":138257,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,145037,145038],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145039,145040],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145041,138257],{"class":61},[14,145043,16253],{},[45,145045,145047],{"className":47,"code":145046,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[52,145048,145049,145061,145075],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145050,145051,145053,145055,145057,145059],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145052,34287],{"class":61},[55,145054,66],{"class":65},[55,145056,86],{"class":73},[55,145058,3436],{"class":77},[55,145060,1288],{"class":73},[55,145062,145063,145065,145067,145069,145071,145073],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145064,34287],{"class":61},[55,145066,66],{"class":65},[55,145068,42438],{"class":61},[55,145070,198],{"class":69},[55,145072,34077],{"class":123},[55,145074,8239],{"class":69},[55,145076,145077,145079,145081,145083],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,145078,117],{"class":116},[55,145080,120],{"class":69},[55,145082,34308],{"class":123},[55,145084,103],{"class":69},[14,145086,314],{},[45,145088,145090],{"className":47,"code":145089,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"HELLO\n",[52,145091,145092],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145093,145094],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145095,145089],{"class":844},[1425,145097,18505,145099,136864],{"id":145098},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[52,145100,127822],{},[14,145102,145103,145105],{},[52,145104,127822],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[14,145107,233],{},[45,145109,145111],{"className":47,"code":145110,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[52,145112,145113,145121],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145114,145115,145117,145119],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145116,1801],{"class":61},[55,145118,66],{"class":65},[55,145120,124626],{"class":130},[55,145122,145123,145125,145127,145129,145131,145133],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145124,117],{"class":116},[55,145126,120],{"class":69},[55,145128,1824],{"class":123},[55,145130,198],{"class":69},[55,145132,34077],{"class":123},[55,145134,6788],{"class":69},[14,145136,39249,145137,145139,145140,33200],{},[52,145138,1772],{}," objects do not have an ",[52,145141,127822],{},[14,145143,145144],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[45,145146,145148],{"className":47,"code":145147,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[52,145149,145150,145158],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145151,145152,145154,145156],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145153,1801],{"class":61},[55,145155,66],{"class":65},[55,145157,124626],{"class":130},[55,145159,145160,145162,145164,145166,145168,145170,145172,145174],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145161,117],{"class":116},[55,145163,120],{"class":69},[55,145165,3032],{"class":850},[55,145167,120],{"class":69},[55,145169,1824],{"class":123},[55,145171,8227],{"class":69},[55,145173,34077],{"class":123},[55,145175,6788],{"class":69},[14,145177,314],{},[45,145179,145181],{"className":47,"code":145180,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"123\n",[52,145182,145183],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145184,145185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145186,145180],{"class":130},[1425,145188,36800,145190,145192],{"id":145189},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[52,145191,127822],{}," with title case",[14,145194,145195,145197,145198,145201],{},[52,145196,127822],{}," makes ",[3332,145199,145200],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[45,145203,145205],{"className":47,"code":145204,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[52,145206,145207,145219],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145208,145209,145211,145213,145215,145217],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145210,34287],{"class":61},[55,145212,66],{"class":65},[55,145214,86],{"class":73},[55,145216,60003],{"class":77},[55,145218,1288],{"class":73},[55,145220,145221,145223,145225,145227,145229,145231],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145222,117],{"class":116},[55,145224,120],{"class":69},[55,145226,34308],{"class":123},[55,145228,198],{"class":69},[55,145230,34077],{"class":123},[55,145232,6788],{"class":69},[14,145234,314],{},[45,145236,145238],{"className":47,"code":145237,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"HELLO WORLD\n",[52,145239,145240],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145241,145242,145244],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145243,135966],{"class":844},[55,145245,145246],{"class":844}," WORLD\n",[14,145248,145249,145250,145254,145255,145259],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[194,145251,145252],{"href":123671},[52,145253,123674],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[194,145256,145257],{"href":129525},[52,145258,124115],{}," changes parts of a string.",[37,145261,145263],{"id":145262},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[14,145265,145266,145267,854],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[52,145268,127822],{},[21,145270,145271,145278,145285,145292],{},[24,145272,145273,145277],{},[194,145274,145275],{"href":123671},[52,145276,123674],{}," for lowercase text",[24,145279,145280,145284],{},[194,145281,145282],{"href":136512},[52,145283,41250],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[24,145286,145287,145291],{},[194,145288,145289],{"href":129525},[52,145290,124115],{}," for changing parts of a string",[24,145293,145294,3983,145296,145298],{},[52,145295,127312],{},[52,145297,126002],{}," for checks",[14,145300,233],{},[45,145302,145304],{"className":47,"code":145303,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[52,145305,145306,145318,145322,145337,145353,145357],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145307,145308,145310,145312,145314,145316],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145309,34287],{"class":61},[55,145311,66],{"class":65},[55,145313,86],{"class":73},[55,145315,143040],{"class":77},[55,145317,1288],{"class":73},[55,145319,145320],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145321,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,145323,145324,145327,145329,145331,145333,145335],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,145325,145326],{"class":61},"cleaned ",[55,145328,66],{"class":65},[55,145330,42438],{"class":61},[55,145332,198],{"class":69},[55,145334,8230],{"class":123},[55,145336,8239],{"class":69},[55,145338,145339,145342,145344,145347,145349,145351],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,145340,145341],{"class":61},"loud ",[55,145343,66],{"class":65},[55,145345,145346],{"class":61}," cleaned",[55,145348,198],{"class":69},[55,145350,34077],{"class":123},[55,145352,8239],{"class":69},[55,145354,145355],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,145356,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,145358,145359,145361,145363,145366],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,145360,117],{"class":116},[55,145362,120],{"class":69},[55,145364,145365],{"class":123},"loud",[55,145367,103],{"class":69},[14,145369,314],{},[45,145371,145372],{"className":47,"code":145237,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,145373,145374],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145375,145376,145378],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145377,135966],{"class":844},[55,145379,145246],{"class":844},[37,145381,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,145383,12304,145385,124271],{"id":145384},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[52,145386,127822],{},[14,145388,145389],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[1425,145391,12304,145393,137246],{"id":145392},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[52,145394,127822],{},[14,145396,145397,145398,198],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[52,145399,144991],{},[1425,145401,145403],{"id":145402},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[14,145405,145406,145407,145409],{},"They stay the same. ",[52,145408,127822],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[1425,145411,27925,145413,145415],{"id":145412},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[52,145414,127822],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[14,145417,145418],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[14,145420,233],{},[45,145422,145424],{"className":47,"code":145423,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[52,145425,145426,145438,145451,145455],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145427,145428,145430,145432,145434,145436],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145429,2141],{"class":61},[55,145431,66],{"class":65},[55,145433,86],{"class":73},[55,145435,49],{"class":77},[55,145437,1288],{"class":73},[55,145439,145440,145442,145444,145446,145449],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145441,2169],{"class":61},[55,145443,66],{"class":65},[55,145445,86],{"class":73},[55,145447,145448],{"class":77},"PYTHON",[55,145450,1288],{"class":73},[55,145452,145453],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,145454,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,145456,145457,145459,145461,145463,145465,145467,145469,145471,145473,145475,145477],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,145458,117],{"class":116},[55,145460,120],{"class":69},[55,145462,194],{"class":123},[55,145464,198],{"class":69},[55,145466,34077],{"class":123},[55,145468,6960],{"class":69},[55,145470,6002],{"class":65},[55,145472,2146],{"class":123},[55,145474,198],{"class":69},[55,145476,34077],{"class":123},[55,145478,6788],{"class":69},[14,145480,314],{},[45,145482,145483],{"className":47,"code":3570,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,145484,145485],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145486,145487],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145488,3570],{"class":3443},[37,145490,1495],{"id":1494},[21,145492,145493,145497,145503,145509,145515,145519,145523],{},[24,145494,145495],{},[194,145496,124699],{"href":50571},[24,145498,145499],{},[194,145500,125944,145501,10339],{"href":123671},[52,145502,123674],{},[24,145504,145505],{},[194,145506,125944,145507,10339],{"href":136512},[52,145508,41250],{},[24,145510,145511],{},[194,145512,125944,145513,10339],{"href":129525},[52,145514,124115],{},[24,145516,145517],{},[194,145518,90273],{"href":89282},[24,145520,145521],{},[194,145522,124343],{"href":123199},[24,145524,145525],{},[194,145526,137332],{"href":135913},[1524,145528,145529],{},"html 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.sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":145531},[145532,145533,145535,145536,145537,145539,145540,145542,145549,145550,145559],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":144455,"depth":106,"text":145534},"What upper() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":144665,"depth":106,"text":145538},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144801,"depth":106,"text":144802},{"id":144883,"depth":106,"text":145541},"When to use upper()",{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":145543},[145544,145545,145547],{"id":95477,"depth":113,"text":95478},{"id":145098,"depth":113,"text":145546},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145189,"depth":113,"text":145548},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145262,"depth":106,"text":145263},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":145551},[145552,145554,145556,145557],{"id":145384,"depth":113,"text":145553},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145392,"depth":113,"text":145555},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145402,"depth":113,"text":145403},{"id":145412,"depth":113,"text":145558},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144379,"description":145560},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145567,"title":145568,"body":145569,"description":147446,"extension":1546,"meta":147447,"navigation":109,"path":147448,"seo":147449,"stem":147450,"__hash__":147451},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145570,"toc":147396},[145571,145577,145584,145590,145592,145648,145653,145658,145663,145666,145685,145688,145690,145714,145732,145743,145745,145748,145801,145803,145811,145813,145831,145836,145839,145896,145898,145907,145910,145930,145933,145939,145944,145946,145989,145991,145999,146002,146043,146045,146054,146060,146066,146093,146095,146103,146108,146112,146124,146167,146169,146177,146182,146188,146193,146197,146199,146242,146245,146292,146294,146303,146310,146314,146317,146363,146368,146372,146374,146417,146420,146428,146430,146435,146437,146439,146458,146461,146473,146475,146494,146496,146504,146508,146510,146561,146564,146639,146641,146649,146652,146656,146658,146705,146708,146779,146781,146789,146795,146797,146872,146876,146955,146957,146965,146971,146977,146982,146987,147036,147040,147111,147114,147119,147130,147133,147144,147154,147156,147161,147186,147191,147272,147274,147299,147301,147306,147309,147315,147324,147330,147333,147339,147345,147352,147355,147357,147393],[10,145572,3165,145574,3169],{"id":145573},"python-sum-function-explained",[52,145575,145576],{},"sum()",[14,145578,8720,145579,145581,145582,24361],{},[52,145580,145576],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[52,145583,59595],{},[14,145585,145586,145587,145589],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[52,145588,35671],{}," value and a few important limits.",[37,145591,1588],{"id":1587},[45,145593,145595],{"className":47,"code":145594,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[52,145596,145597,145621,145636],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145598,145599,145601,145603,145605,145607,145609,145611,145613,145615,145617,145619],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145600,243],{"class":61},[55,145602,66],{"class":65},[55,145604,3211],{"class":69},[55,145606,152],{"class":130},[55,145608,83],{"class":69},[55,145610,976],{"class":130},[55,145612,83],{"class":69},[55,145614,2036],{"class":130},[55,145616,83],{"class":69},[55,145618,2042],{"class":130},[55,145620,386],{"class":69},[55,145622,145623,145625,145627,145630,145632,145634],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145624,40779],{"class":61},[55,145626,66],{"class":65},[55,145628,145629],{"class":116}," sum",[55,145631,120],{"class":69},[55,145633,275],{"class":123},[55,145635,103],{"class":69},[55,145637,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,145639,117],{"class":116},[55,145641,120],{"class":69},[55,145643,40808],{"class":123},[55,145645,970],{"class":69},[55,145647,26391],{"class":137},[14,145649,1440,145650,145652],{},[52,145651,145576],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[37,145654,3265,145656,3268],{"id":145655},"what-sum-does",[52,145657,145576],{},[14,145659,145660,145662],{},[52,145661,145576],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[14,145664,145665],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[21,145667,145668,145671,145674,145679],{},[24,145669,145670],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[24,145672,145673],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[24,145675,145676,145677],{},"Adding numbers from ",[52,145678,35795],{},[24,145680,145681,145682,145684],{},"Counting ",[52,145683,3194],{}," values in a list of booleans",[14,145686,145687],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[37,145689,1740],{"id":1739},[45,145691,145693],{"className":47,"code":145692,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[52,145694,145695],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145696,145697,145700,145702,145704,145706,145708,145710,145712],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145698,145699],{"class":116},"sum",[55,145701,120],{"class":69},[55,145703,3309],{"class":123},[55,145705,83],{"class":69},[55,145707,35650],{"class":8773},[55,145709,66],{"class":65},[55,145711,131],{"class":130},[55,145713,103],{"class":69},[21,145715,145716,145721,145726],{},[24,145717,145718,145720],{},[52,145719,3309],{}," is the group of values to add",[24,145722,145723,145725],{},[52,145724,35671],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[24,145727,145728,145729],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[52,145730,145731],{},"sum(iterable)",[14,145733,145734,145735,145738,145739,198],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145736,145737,3309],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[194,145740,145741,24214],{"href":35792},[52,145742,35795],{},[37,145744,11073],{"id":11072},[14,145746,145747],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[45,145749,145751],{"className":47,"code":145750,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[52,145752,145753,145773,145787,145791],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145754,145755,145757,145759,145761,145763,145765,145767,145769,145771],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145756,243],{"class":61},[55,145758,66],{"class":65},[55,145760,3211],{"class":69},[55,145762,817],{"class":130},[55,145764,83],{"class":69},[55,145766,5598],{"class":130},[55,145768,83],{"class":69},[55,145770,37533],{"class":130},[55,145772,386],{"class":69},[55,145774,145775,145777,145779,145781,145783,145785],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145776,40779],{"class":61},[55,145778,66],{"class":65},[55,145780,145629],{"class":116},[55,145782,120],{"class":69},[55,145784,275],{"class":123},[55,145786,103],{"class":69},[55,145788,145789],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,145790,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,145792,145793,145795,145797,145799],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,145794,117],{"class":116},[55,145796,120],{"class":69},[55,145798,40808],{"class":123},[55,145800,103],{"class":69},[14,145802,314],{},[45,145804,145805],{"className":47,"code":334,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,145806,145807],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145808,145809],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145810,334],{"class":130},[14,145812,11282],{},[21,145814,145815,145820,145826],{},[24,145816,145817,145819],{},[52,145818,275],{}," contains three integers",[24,145821,145822,145825],{},[52,145823,145824],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[24,145827,145828,145829],{},"The result is stored in ",[52,145830,40808],{},[37,145832,36208,145834,8028],{"id":145833},"using-the-start-value",[52,145835,35671],{},[14,145837,145838],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[45,145840,145842],{"className":47,"code":145841,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[52,145843,145844,145864,145882,145886],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145845,145846,145848,145850,145852,145854,145856,145858,145860,145862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145847,243],{"class":61},[55,145849,66],{"class":65},[55,145851,3211],{"class":69},[55,145853,152],{"class":130},[55,145855,83],{"class":69},[55,145857,976],{"class":130},[55,145859,83],{"class":69},[55,145861,2036],{"class":130},[55,145863,386],{"class":69},[55,145865,145866,145868,145870,145872,145874,145876,145878,145880],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145867,40779],{"class":61},[55,145869,66],{"class":65},[55,145871,145629],{"class":116},[55,145873,120],{"class":69},[55,145875,275],{"class":123},[55,145877,83],{"class":69},[55,145879,5598],{"class":130},[55,145881,103],{"class":69},[55,145883,145884],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,145885,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,145887,145888,145890,145892,145894],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,145889,117],{"class":116},[55,145891,120],{"class":69},[55,145893,40808],{"class":123},[55,145895,103],{"class":69},[14,145897,314],{},[45,145899,145901],{"className":47,"code":145900,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"16\n",[52,145902,145903],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145904,145905],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145906,145900],{"class":130},[14,145908,145909],{},"This works like:",[21,145911,145912,145917,145922,145926],{},[24,145913,145914,145915],{},"Start at ",[52,145916,250],{},[24,145918,145919,145920],{},"Add ",[52,145921,152],{},[24,145923,145919,145924],{},[52,145925,309],{},[24,145927,145919,145928],{},[52,145929,609],{},[14,145931,145932],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[37,145934,3265,145936,145938],{"id":145935},"what-sum-can-work-with",[52,145937,145576],{}," can work with",[14,145940,145941,145943],{},[52,145942,145576],{}," works with numeric values.",[1425,145945,40021],{"id":40020},[45,145947,145949],{"className":47,"code":145948,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[52,145950,145951,145975],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145952,145953,145955,145957,145959,145961,145963,145965,145967,145969,145971,145973],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145954,3413],{"class":61},[55,145956,66],{"class":65},[55,145958,3211],{"class":69},[55,145960,152],{"class":130},[55,145962,83],{"class":69},[55,145964,976],{"class":130},[55,145966,83],{"class":69},[55,145968,2036],{"class":130},[55,145970,83],{"class":69},[55,145972,2042],{"class":130},[55,145974,386],{"class":69},[55,145976,145977,145979,145981,145983,145985,145987],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,145978,117],{"class":116},[55,145980,120],{"class":69},[55,145982,145699],{"class":116},[55,145984,120],{"class":69},[55,145986,4951],{"class":123},[55,145988,1357],{"class":69},[14,145990,314],{},[45,145992,145993],{"className":47,"code":324,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,145994,145995],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,145996,145997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,145998,324],{"class":130},[1425,146000,146001],{"id":51641},"Floats",[45,146003,146005],{"className":47,"code":146004,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[52,146006,146007,146029],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146008,146009,146011,146013,146015,146017,146019,146022,146024,146027],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146010,82638],{"class":61},[55,146012,66],{"class":65},[55,146014,3211],{"class":69},[55,146016,40755],{"class":130},[55,146018,83],{"class":69},[55,146020,146021],{"class":130}," 3.75",[55,146023,83],{"class":69},[55,146025,146026],{"class":130}," 1.25",[55,146028,386],{"class":69},[55,146030,146031,146033,146035,146037,146039,146041],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146032,117],{"class":116},[55,146034,120],{"class":69},[55,146036,145699],{"class":116},[55,146038,120],{"class":69},[55,146040,82674],{"class":123},[55,146042,1357],{"class":69},[14,146044,314],{},[45,146046,146048],{"className":47,"code":146047,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"7.5\n",[52,146049,146050],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146051,146052],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146053,146047],{"class":130},[14,146055,146056,146057,198],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[194,146058,146059],{"href":2003},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[1425,146061,146063,146064],{"id":146062},"values-from-range","Values from ",[52,146065,35795],{},[45,146067,146069],{"className":47,"code":146068,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[52,146070,146071],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146072,146073,146075,146077,146079,146081,146083,146085,146087,146089,146091],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146074,117],{"class":116},[55,146076,120],{"class":69},[55,146078,145699],{"class":116},[55,146080,120],{"class":69},[55,146082,59595],{"class":116},[55,146084,120],{"class":69},[55,146086,152],{"class":130},[55,146088,83],{"class":69},[55,146090,37240],{"class":130},[55,146092,2499],{"class":69},[14,146094,314],{},[45,146096,146097],{"className":47,"code":46639,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,146098,146099],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146100,146101],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146102,46639],{"class":130},[14,146104,113148,146105,198],{},[52,146106,146107],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[1425,146109,146111],{"id":146110},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[14,146113,146114,146115,146117,146118,3983,146120,146117,146122,198],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[52,146116,3194],{}," acts like ",[52,146119,152],{},[52,146121,3261],{},[52,146123,131],{},[45,146125,146127],{"className":47,"code":146126,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[52,146128,146129,146153],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146130,146131,146133,146135,146137,146139,146141,146143,146145,146147,146149,146151],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146132,51561],{"class":61},[55,146134,66],{"class":65},[55,146136,3211],{"class":69},[55,146138,3194],{"class":3443},[55,146140,83],{"class":69},[55,146142,3497],{"class":3443},[55,146144,83],{"class":69},[55,146146,3506],{"class":3443},[55,146148,83],{"class":69},[55,146150,3506],{"class":3443},[55,146152,386],{"class":69},[55,146154,146155,146157,146159,146161,146163,146165],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146156,117],{"class":116},[55,146158,120],{"class":69},[55,146160,145699],{"class":116},[55,146162,120],{"class":69},[55,146164,51614],{"class":123},[55,146166,1357],{"class":69},[14,146168,314],{},[45,146170,146171],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,146172,146173],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146174,146175],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146176,46215],{"class":130},[14,146178,146179,146180,198],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[52,146181,3194],{},[37,146183,3265,146185,146187],{"id":146184},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[52,146186,145576],{}," does not work with",[14,146189,146190,146192],{},[52,146191,145576],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[1425,146194,146196],{"id":146195},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[14,146198,2423],{},[45,146200,146202],{"className":47,"code":146201,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[52,146203,146204,146228],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146205,146206,146208,146210,146212,146214,146216,146218,146220,146222,146224,146226],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146207,3661],{"class":61},[55,146209,66],{"class":65},[55,146211,3211],{"class":69},[55,146213,74],{"class":73},[55,146215,3436],{"class":77},[55,146217,74],{"class":73},[55,146219,83],{"class":69},[55,146221,86],{"class":73},[55,146223,60188],{"class":77},[55,146225,74],{"class":73},[55,146227,386],{"class":69},[55,146229,146230,146232,146234,146236,146238,146240],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146231,117],{"class":116},[55,146233,120],{"class":69},[55,146235,145699],{"class":116},[55,146237,120],{"class":69},[55,146239,3702],{"class":123},[55,146241,1357],{"class":69},[14,146243,146244],{},"Use string joining instead:",[45,146246,146248],{"className":47,"code":146247,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[52,146249,146250,146274],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146251,146252,146254,146256,146258,146260,146262,146264,146266,146268,146270,146272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146253,3661],{"class":61},[55,146255,66],{"class":65},[55,146257,3211],{"class":69},[55,146259,74],{"class":73},[55,146261,3436],{"class":77},[55,146263,74],{"class":73},[55,146265,83],{"class":69},[55,146267,86],{"class":73},[55,146269,60188],{"class":77},[55,146271,74],{"class":73},[55,146273,386],{"class":69},[55,146275,146276,146278,146280,146282,146284,146286,146288,146290],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146277,117],{"class":116},[55,146279,120],{"class":69},[55,146281,5866],{"class":73},[55,146283,198],{"class":69},[55,146285,133101],{"class":123},[55,146287,120],{"class":69},[55,146289,3702],{"class":123},[55,146291,1357],{"class":69},[14,146293,314],{},[45,146295,146297],{"className":47,"code":146296,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"helloworld\n",[52,146298,146299],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146300,146301],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146302,146296],{"class":61},[14,146304,146305,146306,198],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[194,146307,146308,5376],{"href":41772},[52,146309,47281],{},[1425,146311,146313],{"id":146312},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[14,146315,146316],{},"This also causes an error:",[45,146318,146320],{"className":47,"code":146319,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[52,146321,146322,146349],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146323,146324,146327,146329,146331,146333,146335,146337,146339,146341,146343,146345,146347],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146325,146326],{"class":61},"lists ",[55,146328,66],{"class":65},[55,146330,55890],{"class":69},[55,146332,152],{"class":130},[55,146334,83],{"class":69},[55,146336,976],{"class":130},[55,146338,17659],{"class":69},[55,146340,3211],{"class":69},[55,146342,609],{"class":130},[55,146344,83],{"class":69},[55,146346,2042],{"class":130},[55,146348,52838],{"class":69},[55,146350,146351,146353,146355,146357,146359,146361],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146352,117],{"class":116},[55,146354,120],{"class":69},[55,146356,145699],{"class":116},[55,146358,120],{"class":69},[55,146360,4892],{"class":123},[55,146362,1357],{"class":69},[14,146364,146365,146367],{},[52,146366,145576],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[1425,146369,146371],{"id":146370},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[14,146373,5064],{},[45,146375,146377],{"className":47,"code":146376,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[52,146378,146379,146403],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146380,146381,146383,146385,146387,146389,146391,146393,146395,146397,146399,146401],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146382,3413],{"class":61},[55,146384,66],{"class":65},[55,146386,3211],{"class":69},[55,146388,152],{"class":130},[55,146390,83],{"class":69},[55,146392,976],{"class":130},[55,146394,83],{"class":69},[55,146396,86],{"class":73},[55,146398,609],{"class":77},[55,146400,74],{"class":73},[55,146402,386],{"class":69},[55,146404,146405,146407,146409,146411,146413,146415],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146406,117],{"class":116},[55,146408,120],{"class":69},[55,146410,145699],{"class":116},[55,146412,120],{"class":69},[55,146414,4951],{"class":123},[55,146416,1357],{"class":69},[14,146418,146419],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[14,146421,146422,146423,146425,146426,198],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[52,146424,65540],{},", convert them first. See ",[194,146427,2550],{"href":2549},[37,146429,41101],{"id":41100},[14,146431,146432,146433,198],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[52,146434,145576],{},[1425,146436,6119],{"id":6118},[14,146438,4116],{},[45,146440,146442],{"className":47,"code":146441,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(sum(5))\n",[52,146443,146444],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146445,146446,146448,146450,146452,146454,146456],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146447,117],{"class":116},[55,146449,120],{"class":69},[55,146451,145699],{"class":116},[55,146453,120],{"class":69},[55,146455,817],{"class":130},[55,146457,1357],{"class":69},[14,146459,146460],{},"Why it fails:",[21,146462,146463,146468],{},[24,146464,146465,146467],{},[52,146466,817],{}," is a single integer",[24,146469,146470,146472],{},[52,146471,145576],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[14,146474,6149],{},[45,146476,146478],{"className":47,"code":146477,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(sum([5]))\n",[52,146479,146480],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146481,146482,146484,146486,146488,146490,146492],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146483,117],{"class":116},[55,146485,120],{"class":69},[55,146487,145699],{"class":116},[55,146489,2573],{"class":69},[55,146491,817],{"class":130},[55,146493,2586],{"class":69},[14,146495,314],{},[45,146497,146498],{"className":47,"code":2534,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,146499,146500],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146501,146502],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146503,2534],{"class":130},[1425,146505,146507],{"id":146506},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[14,146509,4116],{},[45,146511,146513],{"className":47,"code":146512,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[52,146514,146515,146547],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146516,146517,146519,146521,146523,146525,146527,146529,146531,146533,146535,146537,146539,146541,146543,146545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146518,3413],{"class":61},[55,146520,66],{"class":65},[55,146522,3211],{"class":69},[55,146524,74],{"class":73},[55,146526,152],{"class":77},[55,146528,74],{"class":73},[55,146530,83],{"class":69},[55,146532,86],{"class":73},[55,146534,309],{"class":77},[55,146536,74],{"class":73},[55,146538,83],{"class":69},[55,146540,86],{"class":73},[55,146542,609],{"class":77},[55,146544,74],{"class":73},[55,146546,386],{"class":69},[55,146548,146549,146551,146553,146555,146557,146559],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146550,117],{"class":116},[55,146552,120],{"class":69},[55,146554,145699],{"class":116},[55,146556,120],{"class":69},[55,146558,4951],{"class":123},[55,146560,1357],{"class":69},[14,146562,146563],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[45,146565,146567],{"className":47,"code":146566,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[52,146568,146569,146601,146629],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146570,146571,146573,146575,146577,146579,146581,146583,146585,146587,146589,146591,146593,146595,146597,146599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146572,3413],{"class":61},[55,146574,66],{"class":65},[55,146576,3211],{"class":69},[55,146578,74],{"class":73},[55,146580,152],{"class":77},[55,146582,74],{"class":73},[55,146584,83],{"class":69},[55,146586,86],{"class":73},[55,146588,309],{"class":77},[55,146590,74],{"class":73},[55,146592,83],{"class":69},[55,146594,86],{"class":73},[55,146596,609],{"class":77},[55,146598,74],{"class":73},[55,146600,386],{"class":69},[55,146602,146603,146605,146607,146609,146611,146613,146615,146617,146619,146621,146623,146625,146627],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146604,40779],{"class":61},[55,146606,66],{"class":65},[55,146608,145629],{"class":116},[55,146610,120],{"class":69},[55,146612,1772],{"class":850},[55,146614,120],{"class":69},[55,146616,1757],{"class":123},[55,146618,970],{"class":69},[55,146620,3468],{"class":959},[55,146622,3471],{"class":123},[55,146624,3474],{"class":959},[55,146626,3477],{"class":123},[55,146628,103],{"class":69},[55,146630,146631,146633,146635,146637],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,146632,117],{"class":116},[55,146634,120],{"class":69},[55,146636,40808],{"class":123},[55,146638,103],{"class":69},[14,146640,314],{},[45,146642,146643],{"className":47,"code":2242,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,146644,146645],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146646,146647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146648,2242],{"class":130},[14,146650,146651],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[1425,146653,146655],{"id":146654},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[14,146657,4116],{},[45,146659,146661],{"className":47,"code":146660,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[52,146662,146663,146691],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146664,146665,146667,146669,146671,146673,146675,146677,146679,146681,146683,146685,146687,146689],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146666,3413],{"class":61},[55,146668,66],{"class":65},[55,146670,3211],{"class":69},[55,146672,152],{"class":130},[55,146674,83],{"class":69},[55,146676,976],{"class":130},[55,146678,83],{"class":69},[55,146680,86],{"class":73},[55,146682,609],{"class":77},[55,146684,74],{"class":73},[55,146686,83],{"class":69},[55,146688,2042],{"class":130},[55,146690,386],{"class":69},[55,146692,146693,146695,146697,146699,146701,146703],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146694,117],{"class":116},[55,146696,120],{"class":69},[55,146698,145699],{"class":116},[55,146700,120],{"class":69},[55,146702,4951],{"class":123},[55,146704,1357],{"class":69},[14,146706,146707],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[45,146709,146711],{"className":47,"code":146710,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[52,146712,146713,146741,146769],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146714,146715,146717,146719,146721,146723,146725,146727,146729,146731,146733,146735,146737,146739],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146716,3413],{"class":61},[55,146718,66],{"class":65},[55,146720,3211],{"class":69},[55,146722,152],{"class":130},[55,146724,83],{"class":69},[55,146726,976],{"class":130},[55,146728,83],{"class":69},[55,146730,86],{"class":73},[55,146732,609],{"class":77},[55,146734,74],{"class":73},[55,146736,83],{"class":69},[55,146738,2042],{"class":130},[55,146740,386],{"class":69},[55,146742,146743,146745,146747,146749,146751,146753,146755,146757,146759,146761,146763,146765,146767],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146744,40779],{"class":61},[55,146746,66],{"class":65},[55,146748,145629],{"class":116},[55,146750,120],{"class":69},[55,146752,1772],{"class":850},[55,146754,120],{"class":69},[55,146756,1757],{"class":123},[55,146758,970],{"class":69},[55,146760,3468],{"class":959},[55,146762,3471],{"class":123},[55,146764,3474],{"class":959},[55,146766,3477],{"class":123},[55,146768,103],{"class":69},[55,146770,146771,146773,146775,146777],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,146772,117],{"class":116},[55,146774,120],{"class":69},[55,146776,40808],{"class":123},[55,146778,103],{"class":69},[14,146780,314],{},[45,146782,146783],{"className":47,"code":324,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,146784,146785],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146786,146787],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146788,324],{"class":130},[1425,146790,8012,146792,146794],{"id":146791},"using-sum-to-join-text",[52,146793,145576],{}," to join text",[14,146796,4116],{},[45,146798,146800],{"className":47,"code":146799,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[52,146801,146802,146858],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146803,146804,146806,146808,146810,146812,146814,146816,146818,146820,146822,146824,146826,146828,146830,146832,146834,146836,146838,146840,146842,146844,146846,146848,146850,146852,146854,146856],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146805,769],{"class":61},[55,146807,66],{"class":65},[55,146809,3211],{"class":69},[55,146811,74],{"class":73},[55,146813,133700],{"class":77},[55,146815,74],{"class":73},[55,146817,83],{"class":69},[55,146819,86],{"class":73},[55,146821,11344],{"class":77},[55,146823,74],{"class":73},[55,146825,83],{"class":69},[55,146827,86],{"class":73},[55,146829,62882],{"class":77},[55,146831,74],{"class":73},[55,146833,83],{"class":69},[55,146835,86],{"class":73},[55,146837,60035],{"class":77},[55,146839,74],{"class":73},[55,146841,83],{"class":69},[55,146843,86],{"class":73},[55,146845,60070],{"class":77},[55,146847,74],{"class":73},[55,146849,83],{"class":69},[55,146851,86],{"class":73},[55,146853,75621],{"class":77},[55,146855,74],{"class":73},[55,146857,386],{"class":69},[55,146859,146860,146862,146864,146866,146868,146870],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146861,117],{"class":116},[55,146863,120],{"class":69},[55,146865,145699],{"class":116},[55,146867,120],{"class":69},[55,146869,812],{"class":123},[55,146871,1357],{"class":69},[14,146873,1440,146874,60129],{},[52,146875,133024],{},[45,146877,146879],{"className":47,"code":146878,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[52,146880,146881,146937],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146882,146883,146885,146887,146889,146891,146893,146895,146897,146899,146901,146903,146905,146907,146909,146911,146913,146915,146917,146919,146921,146923,146925,146927,146929,146931,146933,146935],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146884,769],{"class":61},[55,146886,66],{"class":65},[55,146888,3211],{"class":69},[55,146890,74],{"class":73},[55,146892,133700],{"class":77},[55,146894,74],{"class":73},[55,146896,83],{"class":69},[55,146898,86],{"class":73},[55,146900,11344],{"class":77},[55,146902,74],{"class":73},[55,146904,83],{"class":69},[55,146906,86],{"class":73},[55,146908,62882],{"class":77},[55,146910,74],{"class":73},[55,146912,83],{"class":69},[55,146914,86],{"class":73},[55,146916,60035],{"class":77},[55,146918,74],{"class":73},[55,146920,83],{"class":69},[55,146922,86],{"class":73},[55,146924,60070],{"class":77},[55,146926,74],{"class":73},[55,146928,83],{"class":69},[55,146930,86],{"class":73},[55,146932,75621],{"class":77},[55,146934,74],{"class":73},[55,146936,386],{"class":69},[55,146938,146939,146941,146943,146945,146947,146949,146951,146953],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,146940,117],{"class":116},[55,146942,120],{"class":69},[55,146944,5866],{"class":73},[55,146946,198],{"class":69},[55,146948,133101],{"class":123},[55,146950,120],{"class":69},[55,146952,812],{"class":123},[55,146954,1357],{"class":69},[14,146956,314],{},[45,146958,146959],{"className":47,"code":133781,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,146960,146961],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146962,146963],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146964,133781],{"class":61},[14,146966,146967,146968,198],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[194,146969,146970],{"href":134862},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[37,146972,146974,146976],{"id":146973},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[52,146975,145576],{}," vs manual loop",[14,146978,146979,146981],{},[52,146980,145576],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[1425,146983,8012,146985],{"id":146984},"using-sum",[52,146986,145576],{},[45,146988,146990],{"className":47,"code":146989,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[52,146991,146992,147012,147026],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,146993,146994,146996,146998,147000,147002,147004,147006,147008,147010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,146995,243],{"class":61},[55,146997,66],{"class":65},[55,146999,3211],{"class":69},[55,147001,2091],{"class":130},[55,147003,83],{"class":69},[55,147005,5587],{"class":130},[55,147007,83],{"class":69},[55,147009,53732],{"class":130},[55,147011,386],{"class":69},[55,147013,147014,147016,147018,147020,147022,147024],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,147015,40779],{"class":61},[55,147017,66],{"class":65},[55,147019,145629],{"class":116},[55,147021,120],{"class":69},[55,147023,275],{"class":123},[55,147025,103],{"class":69},[55,147027,147028,147030,147032,147034],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,147029,117],{"class":116},[55,147031,120],{"class":69},[55,147033,40808],{"class":123},[55,147035,103],{"class":69},[1425,147037,147039],{"id":147038},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[45,147041,147043],{"className":47,"code":147042,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[52,147044,147045,147065,147073,147077,147089,147097,147101],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147046,147047,147049,147051,147053,147055,147057,147059,147061,147063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147048,243],{"class":61},[55,147050,66],{"class":65},[55,147052,3211],{"class":69},[55,147054,2091],{"class":130},[55,147056,83],{"class":69},[55,147058,5587],{"class":130},[55,147060,83],{"class":69},[55,147062,53732],{"class":130},[55,147064,386],{"class":69},[55,147066,147067,147069,147071],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,147068,40779],{"class":61},[55,147070,66],{"class":65},[55,147072,38108],{"class":130},[55,147074,147075],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,147076,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,147078,147079,147081,147083,147085,147087],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,147080,5551],{"class":959},[55,147082,5981],{"class":61},[55,147084,3474],{"class":959},[55,147086,3852],{"class":61},[55,147088,979],{"class":69},[55,147090,147091,147093,147095],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,147092,89697],{"class":61},[55,147094,89700],{"class":65},[55,147096,89703],{"class":61},[55,147098,147099],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,147100,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,147102,147103,147105,147107,147109],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,147104,117],{"class":116},[55,147106,120],{"class":69},[55,147108,40808],{"class":123},[55,147110,103],{"class":69},[14,147112,147113],{},"Both produce the same result.",[14,147115,2074,147116,147118],{},[52,147117,145576],{}," is often better:",[21,147120,147121,147124,147127],{},[24,147122,147123],{},"Shorter code",[24,147125,147126],{},"Easier to read",[24,147128,147129],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[14,147131,147132],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[21,147134,147135,147138,147141],{},[24,147136,147137],{},"You need to skip some values",[24,147139,147140],{},"You need extra checks",[24,147142,147143],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[14,147145,147146,147147,147150,147151,147153],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[194,147148,147149],{"href":39604},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[52,147152,145576],{}," on the filtered result.",[37,147155,1298],{"id":1297},[14,147157,147158,147159,854],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[52,147160,145576],{},[21,147162,147163,147169,147176,147183],{},[24,147164,147165,147166],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[52,147167,147168],{},"sum(5)",[24,147170,147171,147172,147175],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[52,147173,147174],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[24,147177,8012,147178,147180,147181],{},[52,147179,145576],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[52,147182,133024],{},[24,147184,147185],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[14,147187,8472,147188,147190],{},[52,147189,145576],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[45,147192,147194],{"className":47,"code":147193,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[52,147195,147196,147206,147220,147244],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147197,147198,147200,147202,147204],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147199,117],{"class":116},[55,147201,120],{"class":69},[55,147203,4951],{"class":123},[55,147205,103],{"class":69},[55,147207,147208,147210,147212,147214,147216,147218],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,147209,117],{"class":116},[55,147211,120],{"class":69},[55,147213,1396],{"class":850},[55,147215,120],{"class":69},[55,147217,4951],{"class":123},[55,147219,1357],{"class":69},[55,147221,147222,147224,147226,147228,147230,147232,147234,147236,147238,147240,147242],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,147223,117],{"class":116},[55,147225,2573],{"class":69},[55,147227,1396],{"class":850},[55,147229,120],{"class":69},[55,147231,1757],{"class":123},[55,147233,970],{"class":69},[55,147235,3468],{"class":959},[55,147237,3471],{"class":123},[55,147239,3474],{"class":959},[55,147241,3477],{"class":123},[55,147243,282],{"class":69},[55,147245,147246,147248,147250,147252,147254,147256,147258,147260,147262,147264,147266,147268,147270],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,147247,117],{"class":116},[55,147249,120],{"class":69},[55,147251,145699],{"class":116},[55,147253,2573],{"class":69},[55,147255,1772],{"class":850},[55,147257,120],{"class":69},[55,147259,1757],{"class":123},[55,147261,970],{"class":69},[55,147263,3468],{"class":959},[55,147265,3471],{"class":123},[55,147267,3474],{"class":959},[55,147269,3477],{"class":123},[55,147271,2586],{"class":69},[14,147273,135595],{},[21,147275,147276,147282,147288,147293],{},[24,147277,147278,147281],{},[52,147279,147280],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[24,147283,147284,147287],{},[52,147285,147286],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[24,147289,147290,135617],{},[52,147291,147292],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[24,147294,147295,147298],{},[52,147296,147297],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[37,147300,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,147302,4733,147304,4736],{"id":147303},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[52,147305,145576],{},[14,147307,147308],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[1425,147310,4761,147312,147314],{"id":147311},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[52,147313,145576],{}," add strings in Python?",[14,147316,29868,147317,2465,147320,147323],{},[52,147318,147319],{},"''.join(...)",[52,147321,147322],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[1425,147325,4761,147327,147329],{"id":147326},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[52,147328,145576],{}," work with floats?",[14,147331,147332],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[1425,147334,147336,147337,2078],{"id":147335},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[52,147338,145576],{},[14,147340,147341,147342,147344],{},"It is the optional ",[52,147343,35671],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[1425,147346,4749,147348,118982,147350,2078],{"id":147347},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[52,147349,145576],{},[52,147351,2592],{},[14,147353,147354],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[37,147356,1495],{"id":1494},[21,147358,147359,147363,147369,147375,147381,147385,147389],{},[24,147360,147361],{},[194,147362,146059],{"href":2003},[24,147364,147365],{},[194,147366,3165,147367,3098],{"href":35792},[52,147368,35795],{},[24,147370,147371],{},[194,147372,3165,147373,3098],{"href":41955},[52,147374,889],{},[24,147376,147377],{},[194,147378,3165,147379,3098],{"href":41772},[52,147380,47281],{},[24,147382,147383],{},[194,147384,4813],{"href":39604},[24,147386,147387],{},[194,147388,3115],{"href":2549},[24,147390,147391],{},[194,147392,146970],{"href":134862},[1524,147394,147395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":147397},[147398,147399,147401,147402,147403,147405,147413,147419,147426,147432,147433,147445],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":145655,"depth":106,"text":147400},"What sum() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":145833,"depth":106,"text":147404},"Using the start value",{"id":145935,"depth":106,"text":147406,"children":147407},"What sum() can work with",[147408,147409,147410,147412],{"id":40020,"depth":113,"text":40021},{"id":51641,"depth":113,"text":146001},{"id":146062,"depth":113,"text":147411},"Values from range()",{"id":146110,"depth":113,"text":146111},{"id":146184,"depth":106,"text":147414,"children":147415},"What sum() does not work with",[147416,147417,147418],{"id":146195,"depth":113,"text":146196},{"id":146312,"depth":113,"text":146313},{"id":146370,"depth":113,"text":146371},{"id":41100,"depth":106,"text":41101,"children":147420},[147421,147422,147423,147424],{"id":6118,"depth":113,"text":6119},{"id":146506,"depth":113,"text":146507},{"id":146654,"depth":113,"text":146655},{"id":146791,"depth":113,"text":147425},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146973,"depth":106,"text":147427,"children":147428},"sum() vs manual loop",[147429,147431],{"id":146984,"depth":113,"text":147430},"Using sum()",{"id":147038,"depth":113,"text":147039},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":147434},[147435,147437,147439,147441,147443],{"id":147303,"depth":113,"text":147436},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147311,"depth":113,"text":147438},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147326,"depth":113,"text":147440},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147335,"depth":113,"text":147442},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147347,"depth":113,"text":147444},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145568,"description":147446},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":147453,"title":147454,"body":147455,"description":148852,"extension":1546,"meta":148853,"navigation":109,"path":148854,"seo":148855,"stem":148856,"__hash__":148857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147456,"toc":148820},[147457,147463,147469,147472,147535,147541,147546,147550,147567,147578,147582,147601,147615,147617,147710,147712,147726,147728,147731,147820,147822,147830,147839,147841,147845,147866,147868,147960,147962,147983,147985,147989,148003,148005,148079,148081,148100,148104,148107,148130,148132,148243,148250,148258,148260,148266,148269,148312,148315,148338,148346,148350,148425,148431,148456,148463,148466,148469,148473,148478,148566,148574,148578,148581,148606,148610,148671,148675,148724,148734,148736,148741,148744,148750,148753,148757,148761,148767,148770,148778,148786,148788,148817],[10,147458,147460,147461,10920],{"id":147459},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[52,147462,56887],{},[14,147464,147465,147468],{},[52,147466,147467],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[14,147470,147471],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[45,147473,147475],{"className":47,"code":147474,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[52,147476,147477,147505,147523],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147478,147479,147481,147483,147485,147487,147489,147491,147493,147495,147497,147499,147501,147503],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147480,243],{"class":61},[55,147482,66],{"class":65},[55,147484,70],{"class":69},[55,147486,152],{"class":130},[55,147488,83],{"class":69},[55,147490,976],{"class":130},[55,147492,83],{"class":69},[55,147494,976],{"class":130},[55,147496,83],{"class":69},[55,147498,2036],{"class":130},[55,147500,83],{"class":69},[55,147502,976],{"class":130},[55,147504,103],{"class":69},[55,147506,147507,147509,147511,147513,147515,147517,147519,147521],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,147508,1814],{"class":61},[55,147510,66],{"class":65},[55,147512,3852],{"class":61},[55,147514,198],{"class":69},[55,147516,40856],{"class":123},[55,147518,120],{"class":69},[55,147520,309],{"class":130},[55,147522,103],{"class":69},[55,147524,147525,147527,147529,147531,147533],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,147526,117],{"class":116},[55,147528,120],{"class":69},[55,147530,1849],{"class":123},[55,147532,970],{"class":69},[55,147534,950],{"class":137},[14,147536,1440,147537,147540],{},[52,147538,147539],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[37,147542,3265,147544,3268],{"id":147543},"what-tuplecount-does",[52,147545,147467],{},[14,147547,147548,854],{},[52,147549,147539],{},[21,147551,147552,147558,147561,147564],{},[24,147553,147554,147555,147557],{},"Returns the number of times ",[52,147556,2058],{}," appears in the tuple",[24,147559,147560],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[24,147562,147563],{},"Returns an integer",[24,147565,147566],{},"Does not change the tuple",[14,147568,147569,147570,147572,147573,2465,147575,198],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[52,147571,56887],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[194,147574,341],{"href":340},[194,147576,147577],{"href":196},"creating a tuple",[37,147579,147581],{"id":147580},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[45,147583,147585],{"className":47,"code":147584,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[52,147586,147587],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147588,147589,147591,147593,147595,147597,147599],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147590,1340],{"class":61},[55,147592,198],{"class":69},[55,147594,40856],{"class":123},[55,147596,120],{"class":69},[55,147598,2058],{"class":123},[55,147600,103],{"class":69},[21,147602,147603,147607,147610],{},[24,147604,147605,57052],{},[52,147606,2058],{},[24,147608,147609],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[24,147611,147612,147613],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[52,147614,131],{},[1425,147616,102697],{"id":102696},[45,147618,147620],{"className":47,"code":147619,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[52,147621,147622,147662,147686],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147623,147624,147626,147628,147630,147632,147634,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656,147658,147660],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147625,62],{"class":61},[55,147627,66],{"class":65},[55,147629,70],{"class":69},[55,147631,74],{"class":73},[55,147633,78],{"class":77},[55,147635,74],{"class":73},[55,147637,83],{"class":69},[55,147639,86],{"class":73},[55,147641,98],{"class":77},[55,147643,74],{"class":73},[55,147645,83],{"class":69},[55,147647,86],{"class":73},[55,147649,78],{"class":77},[55,147651,74],{"class":73},[55,147653,83],{"class":69},[55,147655,86],{"class":73},[55,147657,89],{"class":77},[55,147659,74],{"class":73},[55,147661,103],{"class":69},[55,147663,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680,147682,147684],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,147665,117],{"class":116},[55,147667,120],{"class":69},[55,147669,124],{"class":123},[55,147671,198],{"class":69},[55,147673,40856],{"class":123},[55,147675,120],{"class":69},[55,147677,74],{"class":73},[55,147679,78],{"class":77},[55,147681,74],{"class":73},[55,147683,947],{"class":69},[55,147685,57242],{"class":137},[55,147687,147688,147690,147692,147694,147696,147698,147700,147702,147704,147706,147708],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,147689,117],{"class":116},[55,147691,120],{"class":69},[55,147693,124],{"class":123},[55,147695,198],{"class":69},[55,147697,40856],{"class":123},[55,147699,120],{"class":69},[55,147701,74],{"class":73},[55,147703,1285],{"class":77},[55,147705,74],{"class":73},[55,147707,947],{"class":69},[55,147709,50843],{"class":137},[14,147711,19554],{},[21,147713,147714,147719],{},[24,147715,147716,147718],{},[52,147717,64988],{}," appears 2 times",[24,147720,147721,147723,147724],{},[52,147722,109393],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[52,147725,131],{},[37,147727,11073],{"id":11072},[14,147729,147730],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[45,147732,147734],{"className":47,"code":147733,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[52,147735,147736,147784,147788,147810],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147737,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750,147752,147754,147756,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776,147778,147780,147782],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147739,398],{"class":61},[55,147741,66],{"class":65},[55,147743,70],{"class":69},[55,147745,74],{"class":73},[55,147747,407],{"class":77},[55,147749,74],{"class":73},[55,147751,83],{"class":69},[55,147753,86],{"class":73},[55,147755,416],{"class":77},[55,147757,74],{"class":73},[55,147759,83],{"class":69},[55,147761,86],{"class":73},[55,147763,407],{"class":77},[55,147765,74],{"class":73},[55,147767,83],{"class":69},[55,147769,86],{"class":73},[55,147771,32820],{"class":77},[55,147773,74],{"class":73},[55,147775,83],{"class":69},[55,147777,86],{"class":73},[55,147779,407],{"class":77},[55,147781,74],{"class":73},[55,147783,103],{"class":69},[55,147785,147786],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,147787,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,147789,147790,147792,147794,147796,147798,147800,147802,147804,147806,147808],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,147791,1814],{"class":61},[55,147793,66],{"class":65},[55,147795,52447],{"class":61},[55,147797,198],{"class":69},[55,147799,40856],{"class":123},[55,147801,120],{"class":69},[55,147803,74],{"class":73},[55,147805,407],{"class":77},[55,147807,74],{"class":73},[55,147809,103],{"class":69},[55,147811,147812,147814,147816,147818],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,147813,117],{"class":116},[55,147815,120],{"class":69},[55,147817,1849],{"class":123},[55,147819,103],{"class":69},[14,147821,314],{},[45,147823,147824],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,147825,147826],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147827,147828],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147829,46215],{"class":130},[14,147831,147832,147834,147835,1981,147837,198],{},[52,147833,57430],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[52,147836,56887],{},[52,147838,609],{},[37,147840,37617],{"id":37616},[14,147842,57141,147843,128332],{},[52,147844,56887],{},[21,147846,147847,147852,147857,147860],{},[24,147848,11022,147849,147851],{},[52,147850,131],{}," when the value does not exist",[24,147853,11022,147854,147856],{},[52,147855,152],{}," when the value appears once",[24,147858,147859],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[24,147861,147862,147863,147865],{},"The result can be used in ",[52,147864,960],{}," statements and other conditions",[14,147867,233],{},[45,147869,147871],{"className":47,"code":147870,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[52,147872,147873,147914,147918,147945],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147874,147875,147878,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902,147904,147906,147908,147910,147912],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147876,147877],{"class":61},"answers ",[55,147879,66],{"class":65},[55,147881,70],{"class":69},[55,147883,74],{"class":73},[55,147885,8254],{"class":77},[55,147887,74],{"class":73},[55,147889,83],{"class":69},[55,147891,86],{"class":73},[55,147893,8193],{"class":77},[55,147895,74],{"class":73},[55,147897,83],{"class":69},[55,147899,86],{"class":73},[55,147901,8254],{"class":77},[55,147903,74],{"class":73},[55,147905,83],{"class":69},[55,147907,86],{"class":73},[55,147909,8254],{"class":77},[55,147911,74],{"class":73},[55,147913,103],{"class":69},[55,147915,147916],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,147917,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,147919,147920,147922,147925,147927,147929,147931,147933,147935,147937,147939,147941,147943],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,147921,960],{"class":959},[55,147923,147924],{"class":61}," answers",[55,147926,198],{"class":69},[55,147928,40856],{"class":123},[55,147930,120],{"class":69},[55,147932,74],{"class":73},[55,147934,8254],{"class":77},[55,147936,74],{"class":73},[55,147938,970],{"class":69},[55,147940,973],{"class":65},[55,147942,5090],{"class":130},[55,147944,979],{"class":69},[55,147946,147947,147949,147951,147953,147956,147958],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,147948,985],{"class":116},[55,147950,120],{"class":69},[55,147952,74],{"class":73},[55,147954,147955],{"class":77},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[55,147957,74],{"class":73},[55,147959,103],{"class":69},[14,147961,314],{},[45,147963,147965],{"className":47,"code":147964,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[52,147966,147967],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,147968,147969,147972,147974,147976,147978,147981],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,147970,147971],{"class":61},"The answer ",[55,147973,2889],{"class":73},[55,147975,8254],{"class":77},[55,147977,2889],{"class":73},[55,147979,147980],{"class":61}," appears more than once",[55,147982,121976],{"class":69},[37,147984,40642],{"id":40641},[14,147986,35006,147987,104160],{},[52,147988,147467],{},[21,147990,147991,147994,147997,148000],{},[24,147992,147993],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[24,147995,147996],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[24,147998,147999],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[24,148001,148002],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[14,148004,233],{},[45,148006,148008],{"className":47,"code":148007,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[52,148009,148010,148038,148042,148064],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148011,148012,148014,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026,148028,148030,148032,148034,148036],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148013,4654],{"class":61},[55,148015,66],{"class":65},[55,148017,70],{"class":69},[55,148019,250],{"class":130},[55,148021,83],{"class":69},[55,148023,255],{"class":130},[55,148025,83],{"class":69},[55,148027,5598],{"class":130},[55,148029,83],{"class":69},[55,148031,260],{"class":130},[55,148033,83],{"class":69},[55,148035,5598],{"class":130},[55,148037,103],{"class":69},[55,148039,148040],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148041,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,148043,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,148045,960],{"class":959},[55,148047,4701],{"class":61},[55,148049,198],{"class":69},[55,148051,40856],{"class":123},[55,148053,120],{"class":69},[55,148055,250],{"class":130},[55,148057,970],{"class":69},[55,148059,50884],{"class":65},[55,148061,976],{"class":130},[55,148063,979],{"class":69},[55,148065,148066,148068,148070,148072,148075,148077],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,148067,985],{"class":116},[55,148069,120],{"class":69},[55,148071,74],{"class":73},[55,148073,148074],{"class":77},"The score 10 is repeated.",[55,148076,74],{"class":73},[55,148078,103],{"class":69},[14,148080,314],{},[45,148082,148084],{"className":47,"code":148083,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[52,148085,148086],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148087,148088,148091,148093,148095,148098],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148089,148090],{"class":61},"The score ",[55,148092,250],{"class":130},[55,148094,7691],{"class":65},[55,148096,148097],{"class":61}," repeated",[55,148099,121976],{"class":69},[37,148101,148103],{"id":148102},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[14,148105,148106],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[21,148108,148109,148115,148120,148123],{},[24,148110,148111,148112,148114],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[52,148113,56887],{}," still works because it only reads data",[24,148116,148117,148119],{},[52,148118,56887],{}," counts exact matches",[24,148121,148122],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[24,148124,148125,3983,148127,148129],{},[52,148126,152],{},[52,148128,41755],{}," compare as equal in Python",[14,148131,233],{},[45,148133,148135],{"className":47,"code":148134,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[52,148136,148137,148171,148175,148195,148219],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148138,148139,148141,148143,148145,148147,148149,148152,148154,148156,148159,148161,148163,148165,148167,148169],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148140,3413],{"class":61},[55,148142,66],{"class":65},[55,148144,70],{"class":69},[55,148146,152],{"class":130},[55,148148,83],{"class":69},[55,148150,148151],{"class":130}," 1.0",[55,148153,83],{"class":69},[55,148155,86],{"class":73},[55,148157,148158],{"class":77},"Cat",[55,148160,74],{"class":73},[55,148162,83],{"class":69},[55,148164,86],{"class":73},[55,148166,36643],{"class":77},[55,148168,74],{"class":73},[55,148170,103],{"class":69},[55,148172,148173],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148174,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,148176,148177,148179,148181,148183,148185,148187,148189,148191,148193],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,148178,117],{"class":116},[55,148180,120],{"class":69},[55,148182,4951],{"class":123},[55,148184,198],{"class":69},[55,148186,40856],{"class":123},[55,148188,120],{"class":69},[55,148190,152],{"class":130},[55,148192,947],{"class":69},[55,148194,50690],{"class":137},[55,148196,148197,148199,148201,148203,148205,148207,148209,148211,148213,148215,148217],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,148198,117],{"class":116},[55,148200,120],{"class":69},[55,148202,4951],{"class":123},[55,148204,198],{"class":69},[55,148206,40856],{"class":123},[55,148208,120],{"class":69},[55,148210,74],{"class":73},[55,148212,148158],{"class":77},[55,148214,74],{"class":73},[55,148216,947],{"class":69},[55,148218,27376],{"class":137},[55,148220,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239,148241],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,148222,117],{"class":116},[55,148224,120],{"class":69},[55,148226,4951],{"class":123},[55,148228,198],{"class":69},[55,148230,40856],{"class":123},[55,148232,120],{"class":69},[55,148234,74],{"class":73},[55,148236,36643],{"class":77},[55,148238,74],{"class":73},[55,148240,947],{"class":69},[55,148242,27376],{"class":137},[14,148244,4749,148245,4752,148248,2078],{},[52,148246,148247],{},"values.count(1)",[52,148249,309],{},[14,148251,8382,148252,4375,148255,148257],{},[52,148253,148254],{},"1 == 1.0",[52,148256,3194],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[37,148259,1298],{"id":1297},[1425,148261,8012,148263,148265],{"id":148262},"using-count-without-parentheses",[52,148264,40856],{}," without parentheses",[14,148267,148268],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[45,148270,148272],{"className":47,"code":148271,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[52,148273,148274,148298],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148275,148276,148278,148280,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148277,243],{"class":61},[55,148279,66],{"class":65},[55,148281,70],{"class":69},[55,148283,152],{"class":130},[55,148285,83],{"class":69},[55,148287,976],{"class":130},[55,148289,83],{"class":69},[55,148291,976],{"class":130},[55,148293,83],{"class":69},[55,148295,2036],{"class":130},[55,148297,103],{"class":69},[55,148299,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148301,117],{"class":116},[55,148303,120],{"class":69},[55,148305,275],{"class":123},[55,148307,198],{"class":69},[55,148309,40856],{"class":24347},[55,148311,103],{"class":69},[14,148313,148314],{},"To call the method correctly:",[45,148316,148318],{"className":47,"code":148317,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[52,148319,148320],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148321,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332,148334,148336],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148323,117],{"class":116},[55,148325,120],{"class":69},[55,148327,275],{"class":123},[55,148329,198],{"class":69},[55,148331,40856],{"class":123},[55,148333,120],{"class":69},[55,148335,309],{"class":130},[55,148337,1357],{"class":69},[1425,148339,8048,148340,8051,148342,2465,148344],{"id":58190},[52,148341,56887],{},[52,148343,3194],{},[52,148345,3261],{},[14,148347,148348,58201],{},[52,148349,56887],{},[45,148351,148353],{"className":47,"code":148352,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[52,148354,148355,148387,148409,148413],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148356,148357,148359,148361,148363,148365,148367,148369,148371,148373,148375,148377,148379,148381,148383,148385],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148358,769],{"class":61},[55,148360,66],{"class":65},[55,148362,70],{"class":69},[55,148364,74],{"class":73},[55,148366,194],{"class":77},[55,148368,74],{"class":73},[55,148370,83],{"class":69},[55,148372,86],{"class":73},[55,148374,786],{"class":77},[55,148376,74],{"class":73},[55,148378,83],{"class":69},[55,148380,86],{"class":73},[55,148382,194],{"class":77},[55,148384,74],{"class":73},[55,148386,103],{"class":69},[55,148388,148389,148391,148393,148395,148397,148399,148401,148403,148405,148407],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148390,1814],{"class":61},[55,148392,66],{"class":65},[55,148394,69690],{"class":61},[55,148396,198],{"class":69},[55,148398,40856],{"class":123},[55,148400,120],{"class":69},[55,148402,74],{"class":73},[55,148404,194],{"class":77},[55,148406,74],{"class":73},[55,148408,103],{"class":69},[55,148410,148411],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,148412,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,148414,148415,148417,148419,148421,148423],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,148416,117],{"class":116},[55,148418,120],{"class":69},[55,148420,1849],{"class":123},[55,148422,970],{"class":69},[55,148424,51011],{"class":137},[14,148426,148427,148428,148430],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[52,148429,3474],{}," is often simpler:",[45,148432,148434],{"className":47,"code":148433,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[52,148435,148436],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148437,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452,148454],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148439,117],{"class":116},[55,148441,120],{"class":69},[55,148443,74],{"class":73},[55,148445,194],{"class":77},[55,148447,74],{"class":73},[55,148449,20770],{"class":959},[55,148451,69690],{"class":123},[55,148453,970],{"class":69},[55,148455,3251],{"class":137},[1425,148457,36800,148459,8301,148461],{"id":148458},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[52,148460,147467],{},[52,148462,56892],{},[14,148464,148465],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[14,148467,148468],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[1425,148470,148472],{"id":148471},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[14,148474,148475,148477],{},[52,148476,56887],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[45,148479,148481],{"className":47,"code":148480,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[52,148482,148483,148516,148542],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148484,148485,148487,148489,148491,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148504,148506,148508,148510,148512,148514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148486,3661],{"class":61},[55,148488,66],{"class":65},[55,148490,70],{"class":69},[55,148492,74],{"class":73},[55,148494,407],{"class":77},[55,148496,74],{"class":73},[55,148498,83],{"class":69},[55,148500,86],{"class":73},[55,148502,148503],{"class":77},"pineapple",[55,148505,74],{"class":73},[55,148507,83],{"class":69},[55,148509,86],{"class":73},[55,148511,407],{"class":77},[55,148513,74],{"class":73},[55,148515,103],{"class":69},[55,148517,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532,148535,148537,148539],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148519,117],{"class":116},[55,148521,120],{"class":69},[55,148523,3702],{"class":123},[55,148525,198],{"class":69},[55,148527,40856],{"class":123},[55,148529,120],{"class":69},[55,148531,74],{"class":73},[55,148533,148534],{"class":77},"app",[55,148536,74],{"class":73},[55,148538,947],{"class":69},[55,148540,148541],{"class":137},"    # 0\n",[55,148543,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552,148554,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,148545,117],{"class":116},[55,148547,120],{"class":69},[55,148549,3702],{"class":123},[55,148551,198],{"class":69},[55,148553,40856],{"class":123},[55,148555,120],{"class":69},[55,148557,74],{"class":73},[55,148559,407],{"class":77},[55,148561,74],{"class":73},[55,148563,947],{"class":69},[55,148565,51011],{"class":137},[14,148567,148568,148571,148572,198],{},[52,148569,148570],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[52,148573,131],{},[37,148575,148577],{"id":148576},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[14,148579,148580],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[21,148582,148583,148588,148597,148603],{},[24,148584,1440,148585,148587],{},[52,148586,3474],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[24,148589,1440,148590,148596],{},[194,148591,148593,148594],{"href":148592},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[52,148595,58565],{}," to find the position of a value",[24,148598,1440,148599,148602],{},[52,148600,148601],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[24,148604,148605],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[14,148607,45638,148608,854],{},[52,148609,3474],{},[45,148611,148613],{"className":47,"code":148612,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[52,148614,148615,148635,148639,148655],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148616,148617,148619,148621,148623,148625,148627,148629,148631,148633],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148618,243],{"class":61},[55,148620,66],{"class":65},[55,148622,70],{"class":69},[55,148624,2091],{"class":130},[55,148626,83],{"class":69},[55,148628,5587],{"class":130},[55,148630,83],{"class":69},[55,148632,53732],{"class":130},[55,148634,103],{"class":69},[55,148636,148637],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148638,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,148640,148641,148643,148645,148647,148649,148651,148653],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,148642,117],{"class":116},[55,148644,120],{"class":69},[55,148646,1609],{"class":130},[55,148648,20770],{"class":959},[55,148650,3852],{"class":123},[55,148652,970],{"class":69},[55,148654,43452],{"class":137},[55,148656,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,148658,117],{"class":116},[55,148660,120],{"class":69},[55,148662,817],{"class":130},[55,148664,20770],{"class":959},[55,148666,3852],{"class":123},[55,148668,970],{"class":69},[55,148670,43469],{"class":137},[14,148672,45638,148673,854],{},[52,148674,58565],{},[45,148676,148678],{"className":47,"code":148677,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[52,148679,148680,148704],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148681,148682,148684,148686,148688,148690,148692,148694,148696,148698,148700,148702],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148683,243],{"class":61},[55,148685,66],{"class":65},[55,148687,70],{"class":69},[55,148689,2091],{"class":130},[55,148691,83],{"class":69},[55,148693,5587],{"class":130},[55,148695,83],{"class":69},[55,148697,53732],{"class":130},[55,148699,83],{"class":69},[55,148701,5587],{"class":130},[55,148703,103],{"class":69},[55,148705,148706,148708,148710,148712,148714,148716,148718,148720,148722],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148707,117],{"class":116},[55,148709,120],{"class":69},[55,148711,275],{"class":123},[55,148713,198],{"class":69},[55,148715,383],{"class":123},[55,148717,120],{"class":69},[55,148719,1609],{"class":130},[55,148721,947],{"class":69},[55,148723,27376],{"class":137},[14,148725,148726,148728,148729,148731,148733],{},[52,148727,56887],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9443,148730],{},[52,148732,58565],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[37,148735,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,148737,4733,148739,4736],{"id":148738},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[52,148740,147467],{},[14,148742,148743],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[1425,148745,12304,148747,148749],{"id":148746},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[52,148748,147467],{}," change the tuple?",[14,148751,148752],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[1425,148754,148756],{"id":148755},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[14,148758,11510,148759,198],{},[52,148760,131],{},[1425,148762,4761,148764,148766],{"id":148763},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[52,148765,147467],{}," count strings?",[14,148768,148769],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[1425,148771,4771,148773,3983,148775,2078],{"id":148772},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[52,148774,147467],{},[52,148776,148777],{},"tuple.index()",[14,148779,148780,148782,148783,148785],{},[52,148781,56887],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[52,148784,58565],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[37,148787,1495],{"id":1494},[21,148789,148790,148794,148799,148806,148813],{},[24,148791,148792],{},[194,148793,341],{"href":340},[24,148795,148796],{},[194,148797,148798],{"href":196},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[24,148800,148801],{},[194,148802,148803,148804,10339],{"href":148592},"Python tuple ",[52,148805,58565],{},[24,148807,148808],{},[194,148809,148810,148811],{"href":886},"Python tuple length with ",[52,148812,889],{},[24,148814,148815],{},[194,148816,58553],{"href":58552},[1524,148818,148819],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":148821},[148822,148824,148827,148828,148829,148830,148831,148839,148840,148851],{"id":147543,"depth":106,"text":148823},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147580,"depth":106,"text":147581,"children":148825},[148826],{"id":102696,"depth":113,"text":102697},{"id":11072,"depth":106,"text":11073},{"id":37616,"depth":106,"text":37617},{"id":40641,"depth":106,"text":40642},{"id":148102,"depth":106,"text":148103},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":148832},[148833,148835,148836,148838],{"id":148262,"depth":113,"text":148834},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58190,"depth":113,"text":58606},{"id":148458,"depth":113,"text":148837},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148471,"depth":113,"text":148472},{"id":148576,"depth":106,"text":148577},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":148841},[148842,148844,148846,148847,148849],{"id":148738,"depth":113,"text":148843},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":148746,"depth":113,"text":148845},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":148755,"depth":113,"text":148756},{"id":148763,"depth":113,"text":148848},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":148772,"depth":113,"text":148850},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147454,"description":148852},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":148859,"title":148860,"body":148861,"description":150544,"extension":1546,"meta":150545,"navigation":109,"path":150546,"seo":150547,"stem":150548,"__hash__":150549},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148862,"toc":150507},[148863,148866,148869,148878,148880,149009,149011,149072,149078,149080,149100,149104,149107,149110,149145,149147,149168,149171,149210,149212,149237,149244,149248,149251,149288,149290,149313,149316,149319,149331,149337,149341,149344,149350,149391,149393,149416,149419,149460,149462,149489,149491,149508,149510,149527,149530,149534,149537,149539,149573,149575,149622,149626,149665,149669,149672,149729,149731,149772,149778,149784,149789,149791,149828,149830,149850,149852,149885,149887,149920,149923,149927,149960,149962,149987,149990,149992,150006,150013,150015,150018,150022,150025,150060,150063,150098,150102,150105,150144,150147,150186,150190,150192,150222,150225,150232,150234,150266,150269,150301,150304,150335,150337,150354,150358,150361,150425,150427,150431,150438,150442,150445,150449,150452,150456,150459,150464,150470,150472,150504],[10,148864,148860],{"id":148865},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[14,148867,148868],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[14,148870,148871,148872,2465,148876,198],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[194,148873,148875],{"href":148874},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[194,148877,341],{"href":340},[37,148879,1588],{"id":1587},[45,148881,148883],{"className":47,"code":148882,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[52,148884,148885,148905,148914,148928,148963,148967,148977,148987,148998],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,148886,148887,148889,148891,148893,148895,148897,148899,148901,148903],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,148888,243],{"class":61},[55,148890,66],{"class":65},[55,148892,70],{"class":69},[55,148894,152],{"class":130},[55,148896,83],{"class":69},[55,148898,976],{"class":130},[55,148900,83],{"class":69},[55,148902,2036],{"class":130},[55,148904,103],{"class":69},[55,148906,148907,148909,148911],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,148908,124442],{"class":61},[55,148910,66],{"class":65},[55,148912,148913],{"class":69}," ()\n",[55,148915,148916,148919,148921,148923,148925],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,148917,148918],{"class":61},"one_item ",[55,148920,66],{"class":65},[55,148922,70],{"class":69},[55,148924,817],{"class":130},[55,148926,148927],{"class":69},",)\n",[55,148929,148930,148933,148935,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949,148951,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,148931,148932],{"class":61},"from_list ",[55,148934,66],{"class":65},[55,148936,857],{"class":850},[55,148938,2573],{"class":69},[55,148940,74],{"class":73},[55,148942,194],{"class":77},[55,148944,74],{"class":73},[55,148946,83],{"class":69},[55,148948,86],{"class":73},[55,148950,786],{"class":77},[55,148952,74],{"class":73},[55,148954,83],{"class":69},[55,148956,86],{"class":73},[55,148958,795],{"class":77},[55,148960,74],{"class":73},[55,148962,282],{"class":69},[55,148964,148965],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,148966,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,148968,148969,148971,148973,148975],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,148970,117],{"class":116},[55,148972,120],{"class":69},[55,148974,275],{"class":123},[55,148976,103],{"class":69},[55,148978,148979,148981,148983,148985],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,148980,117],{"class":116},[55,148982,120],{"class":69},[55,148984,124493],{"class":123},[55,148986,103],{"class":69},[55,148988,148989,148991,148993,148996],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,148990,117],{"class":116},[55,148992,120],{"class":69},[55,148994,148995],{"class":123},"one_item",[55,148997,103],{"class":69},[55,148999,149000,149002,149004,149007],{"class":57,"line":6026},[55,149001,117],{"class":116},[55,149003,120],{"class":69},[55,149005,149006],{"class":123},"from_list",[55,149008,103],{"class":69},[14,149010,314],{},[45,149012,149014],{"className":47,"code":149013,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[52,149015,149016,149032,149036,149044],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149017,149018,149020,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149019,120],{"class":69},[55,149021,152],{"class":130},[55,149023,83],{"class":69},[55,149025,976],{"class":130},[55,149027,83],{"class":69},[55,149029,2036],{"class":130},[55,149031,103],{"class":69},[55,149033,149034],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149035,8239],{"class":69},[55,149037,149038,149040,149042],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,149039,120],{"class":69},[55,149041,817],{"class":130},[55,149043,148927],{"class":69},[55,149045,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066,149068,149070],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,149047,120],{"class":69},[55,149049,2889],{"class":73},[55,149051,194],{"class":77},[55,149053,2889],{"class":73},[55,149055,83],{"class":69},[55,149057,2884],{"class":73},[55,149059,786],{"class":77},[55,149061,2889],{"class":73},[55,149063,83],{"class":69},[55,149065,2884],{"class":73},[55,149067,795],{"class":77},[55,149069,2889],{"class":73},[55,149071,103],{"class":69},[14,149073,149074,149075,198],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[52,149076,149077],{},"(5,)",[37,149079,14760],{"id":14759},[21,149081,149082,149085,149088,149091,149094,149097],{},[24,149083,149084],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[24,149086,149087],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[24,149089,149090],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[24,149092,149093],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[24,149095,149096],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[24,149098,149099],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[37,149101,149103],{"id":149102},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[14,149105,149106],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[14,149108,149109],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[45,149111,149113],{"className":47,"code":149112,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,149114,149115,149135],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149116,149117,149119,149121,149123,149125,149127,149129,149131,149133],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149118,243],{"class":61},[55,149120,66],{"class":65},[55,149122,70],{"class":69},[55,149124,152],{"class":130},[55,149126,83],{"class":69},[55,149128,976],{"class":130},[55,149130,83],{"class":69},[55,149132,2036],{"class":130},[55,149134,103],{"class":69},[55,149136,149137,149139,149141,149143],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149138,117],{"class":116},[55,149140,120],{"class":69},[55,149142,275],{"class":123},[55,149144,103],{"class":69},[14,149146,314],{},[45,149148,149150],{"className":47,"code":149149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[52,149151,149152],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149153,149154,149156,149158,149160,149162,149164,149166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149155,120],{"class":69},[55,149157,152],{"class":130},[55,149159,83],{"class":69},[55,149161,976],{"class":130},[55,149163,83],{"class":69},[55,149165,2036],{"class":130},[55,149167,103],{"class":69},[14,149169,149170],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[45,149172,149174],{"className":47,"code":149173,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[52,149175,149176,149200],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149177,149178,149180,149182,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149179,8763],{"class":61},[55,149181,66],{"class":65},[55,149183,70],{"class":69},[55,149185,152],{"class":130},[55,149187,83],{"class":69},[55,149189,86],{"class":73},[55,149191,407],{"class":77},[55,149193,74],{"class":73},[55,149195,83],{"class":69},[55,149197,3506],{"class":3443},[55,149199,103],{"class":69},[55,149201,149202,149204,149206,149208],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149203,117],{"class":116},[55,149205,120],{"class":69},[55,149207,8802],{"class":123},[55,149209,103],{"class":69},[14,149211,314],{},[45,149213,149215],{"className":47,"code":149214,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[52,149216,149217],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149218,149219,149221,149223,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233,149235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149220,120],{"class":69},[55,149222,152],{"class":130},[55,149224,83],{"class":69},[55,149226,2884],{"class":73},[55,149228,407],{"class":77},[55,149230,2889],{"class":73},[55,149232,83],{"class":69},[55,149234,3506],{"class":3443},[55,149236,103],{"class":69},[14,149238,149239,149240,198],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[194,149241,149243],{"href":149242},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[37,149245,149247],{"id":149246},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[14,149249,149250],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[45,149252,149254],{"className":47,"code":149253,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[52,149255,149256,149264,149274],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149257,149258,149260,149262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149259,124442],{"class":61},[55,149261,66],{"class":65},[55,149263,148913],{"class":69},[55,149265,149266,149268,149270,149272],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149267,117],{"class":116},[55,149269,120],{"class":69},[55,149271,124493],{"class":123},[55,149273,103],{"class":69},[55,149275,149276,149278,149280,149282,149284,149286],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,149277,117],{"class":116},[55,149279,120],{"class":69},[55,149281,1396],{"class":850},[55,149283,120],{"class":69},[55,149285,124493],{"class":123},[55,149287,1357],{"class":69},[14,149289,314],{},[45,149291,149293],{"className":47,"code":149292,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[52,149294,149295,149299],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149296,149297],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149298,8239],{"class":69},[55,149300,149301,149303,149305,149307,149309,149311],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149302,2878],{"class":65},[55,149304,2881],{"class":1648},[55,149306,2884],{"class":73},[55,149308,48551],{"class":77},[55,149310,2889],{"class":73},[55,149312,2892],{"class":65},[14,149314,149315],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[14,149317,149318],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[21,149320,149321,149326],{},[24,149322,149323,149324],{},"Empty tuple: ",[52,149325,6960],{},[24,149327,149328,149329],{},"Empty list: ",[52,149330,3377],{},[14,149332,149333,149334,198],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[194,149335,149336],{"href":56750},"Python list: creating a list",[37,149338,149340],{"id":149339},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[14,149342,149343],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[14,149345,149346,149347,149349],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3332,149348,4222],{}," automatically a tuple:",[45,149351,149353],{"className":47,"code":149352,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[52,149354,149355,149367,149377],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149356,149357,149359,149361,149363,149365],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149358,2031],{"class":61},[55,149360,66],{"class":65},[55,149362,70],{"class":69},[55,149364,817],{"class":130},[55,149366,103],{"class":69},[55,149368,149369,149371,149373,149375],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149370,117],{"class":116},[55,149372,120],{"class":69},[55,149374,2058],{"class":123},[55,149376,103],{"class":69},[55,149378,149379,149381,149383,149385,149387,149389],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,149380,117],{"class":116},[55,149382,120],{"class":69},[55,149384,1396],{"class":850},[55,149386,120],{"class":69},[55,149388,2058],{"class":123},[55,149390,1357],{"class":69},[14,149392,314],{},[45,149394,149396],{"className":47,"code":149395,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[52,149397,149398,149402],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149399,149400],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149401,2534],{"class":130},[55,149403,149404,149406,149408,149410,149412,149414],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149405,2878],{"class":65},[55,149407,2881],{"class":1648},[55,149409,2884],{"class":73},[55,149411,1772],{"class":77},[55,149413,2889],{"class":73},[55,149415,2892],{"class":65},[14,149417,149418],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[45,149420,149422],{"className":47,"code":149421,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[52,149423,149424,149436,149446],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149425,149426,149428,149430,149432,149434],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149427,148918],{"class":61},[55,149429,66],{"class":65},[55,149431,70],{"class":69},[55,149433,817],{"class":130},[55,149435,148927],{"class":69},[55,149437,149438,149440,149442,149444],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149439,117],{"class":116},[55,149441,120],{"class":69},[55,149443,148995],{"class":123},[55,149445,103],{"class":69},[55,149447,149448,149450,149452,149454,149456,149458],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,149449,117],{"class":116},[55,149451,120],{"class":69},[55,149453,1396],{"class":850},[55,149455,120],{"class":69},[55,149457,148995],{"class":123},[55,149459,1357],{"class":69},[14,149461,314],{},[45,149463,149465],{"className":47,"code":149464,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[52,149466,149467,149475],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149468,149469,149471,149473],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149470,120],{"class":69},[55,149472,817],{"class":130},[55,149474,148927],{"class":69},[55,149476,149477,149479,149481,149483,149485,149487],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149478,2878],{"class":65},[55,149480,2881],{"class":1648},[55,149482,2884],{"class":73},[55,149484,48551],{"class":77},[55,149486,2889],{"class":73},[55,149488,2892],{"class":65},[14,149490,16253],{},[45,149492,149494],{"className":47,"code":149493,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(\"apple\",)\n",[52,149495,149496],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149497,149498,149500,149502,149504,149506],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149499,120],{"class":69},[55,149501,74],{"class":73},[55,149503,407],{"class":77},[55,149505,74],{"class":73},[55,149507,148927],{"class":69},[14,149509,16241],{},[45,149511,149513],{"className":47,"code":149512,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(\"apple\")\n",[52,149514,149515],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149516,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149518,120],{"class":69},[55,149520,74],{"class":73},[55,149522,407],{"class":77},[55,149524,74],{"class":73},[55,149526,103],{"class":69},[14,149528,149529],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[37,149531,149533],{"id":149532},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[14,149535,149536],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[1425,149538,56058],{"id":275},[45,149540,149541],{"className":47,"code":149112,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,149542,149543,149563],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149544,149545,149547,149549,149551,149553,149555,149557,149559,149561],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149546,243],{"class":61},[55,149548,66],{"class":65},[55,149550,70],{"class":69},[55,149552,152],{"class":130},[55,149554,83],{"class":69},[55,149556,976],{"class":130},[55,149558,83],{"class":69},[55,149560,2036],{"class":130},[55,149562,103],{"class":69},[55,149564,149565,149567,149569,149571],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149566,117],{"class":116},[55,149568,120],{"class":69},[55,149570,275],{"class":123},[55,149572,103],{"class":69},[1425,149574,56061],{"id":4901},[45,149576,149578],{"className":47,"code":149577,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[52,149579,149580,149612],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149581,149582,149584,149586,149588,149590,149592,149594,149596,149598,149600,149602,149604,149606,149608,149610],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149583,62],{"class":61},[55,149585,66],{"class":65},[55,149587,70],{"class":69},[55,149589,74],{"class":73},[55,149591,78],{"class":77},[55,149593,74],{"class":73},[55,149595,83],{"class":69},[55,149597,86],{"class":73},[55,149599,89],{"class":77},[55,149601,74],{"class":73},[55,149603,83],{"class":69},[55,149605,86],{"class":73},[55,149607,98],{"class":77},[55,149609,74],{"class":73},[55,149611,103],{"class":69},[55,149613,149614,149616,149618,149620],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149615,117],{"class":116},[55,149617,120],{"class":69},[55,149619,124],{"class":123},[55,149621,103],{"class":69},[1425,149623,149625],{"id":149624},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[45,149627,149629],{"className":47,"code":149628,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[52,149630,149631,149655],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149632,149633,149635,149637,149639,149641,149643,149645,149647,149649,149651,149653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149634,59069],{"class":61},[55,149636,66],{"class":65},[55,149638,70],{"class":69},[55,149640,152],{"class":130},[55,149642,83],{"class":69},[55,149644,86],{"class":73},[55,149646,407],{"class":77},[55,149648,74],{"class":73},[55,149650,83],{"class":69},[55,149652,3506],{"class":3443},[55,149654,103],{"class":69},[55,149656,149657,149659,149661,149663],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149658,117],{"class":116},[55,149660,120],{"class":69},[55,149662,59122],{"class":123},[55,149664,103],{"class":69},[1425,149666,149668],{"id":149667},"nested-values","Nested values",[14,149670,149671],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[45,149673,149675],{"className":47,"code":149674,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[52,149676,149677,149718],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149678,149679,149682,149684,149686,149688,149690,149692,149694,149696,149698,149700,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149680,149681],{"class":61},"nested ",[55,149683,66],{"class":65},[55,149685,70],{"class":69},[55,149687,152],{"class":130},[55,149689,83],{"class":69},[55,149691,70],{"class":69},[55,149693,74],{"class":73},[55,149695,194],{"class":77},[55,149697,74],{"class":73},[55,149699,83],{"class":69},[55,149701,86],{"class":73},[55,149703,786],{"class":77},[55,149705,74],{"class":73},[55,149707,8831],{"class":69},[55,149709,3211],{"class":69},[55,149711,250],{"class":130},[55,149713,83],{"class":69},[55,149715,255],{"class":130},[55,149717,282],{"class":69},[55,149719,149720,149722,149724,149727],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149721,117],{"class":116},[55,149723,120],{"class":69},[55,149725,149726],{"class":123},"nested",[55,149728,103],{"class":69},[14,149730,314],{},[45,149732,149734],{"className":47,"code":149733,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[52,149735,149736],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149737,149738,149740,149742,149744,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756,149758,149760,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149739,120],{"class":69},[55,149741,152],{"class":130},[55,149743,83],{"class":69},[55,149745,70],{"class":69},[55,149747,2889],{"class":73},[55,149749,194],{"class":77},[55,149751,2889],{"class":73},[55,149753,83],{"class":69},[55,149755,2884],{"class":73},[55,149757,786],{"class":77},[55,149759,2889],{"class":73},[55,149761,8831],{"class":69},[55,149763,3211],{"class":69},[55,149765,250],{"class":130},[55,149767,83],{"class":69},[55,149769,255],{"class":130},[55,149771,282],{"class":69},[37,149773,149775,149776],{"id":149774},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[52,149777,37643],{},[14,149779,149780,149781,149783],{},"You can use the built-in ",[52,149782,37643],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[14,149785,149786,149787,198],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[194,149788,62813],{"href":62812},[1425,149790,104837],{"id":104836},[45,149792,149794],{"className":47,"code":149793,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,149795,149796,149818],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149797,149798,149800,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814,149816],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149799,243],{"class":61},[55,149801,66],{"class":65},[55,149803,857],{"class":850},[55,149805,2573],{"class":69},[55,149807,152],{"class":130},[55,149809,83],{"class":69},[55,149811,976],{"class":130},[55,149813,83],{"class":69},[55,149815,2036],{"class":130},[55,149817,282],{"class":69},[55,149819,149820,149822,149824,149826],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149821,117],{"class":116},[55,149823,120],{"class":69},[55,149825,275],{"class":123},[55,149827,103],{"class":69},[14,149829,314],{},[45,149831,149832],{"className":47,"code":149149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,149833,149834],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149835,149836,149838,149840,149842,149844,149846,149848],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149837,120],{"class":69},[55,149839,152],{"class":130},[55,149841,83],{"class":69},[55,149843,976],{"class":130},[55,149845,83],{"class":69},[55,149847,2036],{"class":130},[55,149849,103],{"class":69},[1425,149851,105023],{"id":105022},[45,149853,149855],{"className":47,"code":149854,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[52,149856,149857,149875],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149858,149859,149861,149863,149865,149867,149869,149871,149873],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149860,769],{"class":61},[55,149862,66],{"class":65},[55,149864,857],{"class":850},[55,149866,120],{"class":69},[55,149868,74],{"class":73},[55,149870,41157],{"class":77},[55,149872,74],{"class":73},[55,149874,103],{"class":69},[55,149876,149877,149879,149881,149883],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149878,117],{"class":116},[55,149880,120],{"class":69},[55,149882,812],{"class":123},[55,149884,103],{"class":69},[14,149886,314],{},[45,149888,149890],{"className":47,"code":149889,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[52,149891,149892],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149893,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912,149914,149916,149918],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149895,120],{"class":69},[55,149897,2889],{"class":73},[55,149899,194],{"class":77},[55,149901,2889],{"class":73},[55,149903,83],{"class":69},[55,149905,2884],{"class":73},[55,149907,786],{"class":77},[55,149909,2889],{"class":73},[55,149911,83],{"class":69},[55,149913,2884],{"class":73},[55,149915,795],{"class":77},[55,149917,2889],{"class":73},[55,149919,103],{"class":69},[14,149921,149922],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[1425,149924,149926],{"id":149925},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[45,149928,149930],{"className":47,"code":149929,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[52,149931,149932,149950],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149933,149934,149936,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149935,3413],{"class":61},[55,149937,66],{"class":65},[55,149939,857],{"class":850},[55,149941,120],{"class":69},[55,149943,59595],{"class":116},[55,149945,120],{"class":69},[55,149947,2091],{"class":130},[55,149949,1357],{"class":69},[55,149951,149952,149954,149956,149958],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,149953,117],{"class":116},[55,149955,120],{"class":69},[55,149957,4951],{"class":123},[55,149959,103],{"class":69},[14,149961,314],{},[45,149963,149965],{"className":47,"code":149964,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[52,149966,149967],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,149968,149969,149971,149973,149975,149977,149979,149981,149983,149985],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,149970,120],{"class":69},[55,149972,131],{"class":130},[55,149974,83],{"class":69},[55,149976,5090],{"class":130},[55,149978,83],{"class":69},[55,149980,976],{"class":130},[55,149982,83],{"class":69},[55,149984,2036],{"class":130},[55,149986,103],{"class":69},[14,149988,149989],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[37,149991,20397],{"id":20396},[21,149993,149994,149997,150000,150003],{},[24,149995,149996],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[24,149998,149999],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[24,150001,150002],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[24,150004,150005],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[14,150007,150008,150009,198],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[194,150010,150012],{"href":150011},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[37,150014,1298],{"id":1297},[14,150016,150017],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[1425,150019,150021],{"id":150020},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[14,150023,150024],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[45,150026,150028],{"className":47,"code":150027,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[52,150029,150030,150046],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150031,150032,150034,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150033,28135],{"class":61},[55,150035,66],{"class":65},[55,150037,70],{"class":69},[55,150039,74],{"class":73},[55,150041,407],{"class":77},[55,150043,74],{"class":73},[55,150045,103],{"class":69},[55,150047,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150049,117],{"class":116},[55,150051,120],{"class":69},[55,150053,1396],{"class":850},[55,150055,120],{"class":69},[55,150057,22907],{"class":123},[55,150059,1357],{"class":69},[14,150061,150062],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[45,150064,150066],{"className":47,"code":150065,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[52,150067,150068,150084],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150069,150070,150072,150074,150076,150078,150080,150082],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150071,28135],{"class":61},[55,150073,66],{"class":65},[55,150075,70],{"class":69},[55,150077,74],{"class":73},[55,150079,407],{"class":77},[55,150081,74],{"class":73},[55,150083,148927],{"class":69},[55,150085,150086,150088,150090,150092,150094,150096],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150087,117],{"class":116},[55,150089,120],{"class":69},[55,150091,1396],{"class":850},[55,150093,120],{"class":69},[55,150095,22907],{"class":123},[55,150097,1357],{"class":69},[1425,150099,150101],{"id":150100},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[14,150103,150104],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[45,150106,150108],{"className":47,"code":150107,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[52,150109,150110,150130],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150111,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122,150124,150126,150128],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150113,3413],{"class":61},[55,150115,66],{"class":65},[55,150117,3211],{"class":69},[55,150119,152],{"class":130},[55,150121,83],{"class":69},[55,150123,976],{"class":130},[55,150125,83],{"class":69},[55,150127,2036],{"class":130},[55,150129,386],{"class":69},[55,150131,150132,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150133,117],{"class":116},[55,150135,120],{"class":69},[55,150137,1396],{"class":850},[55,150139,120],{"class":69},[55,150141,4951],{"class":123},[55,150143,1357],{"class":69},[14,150145,150146],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[45,150148,150150],{"className":47,"code":150149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[52,150151,150152,150172],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150153,150154,150156,150158,150160,150162,150164,150166,150168,150170],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150155,3413],{"class":61},[55,150157,66],{"class":65},[55,150159,70],{"class":69},[55,150161,152],{"class":130},[55,150163,83],{"class":69},[55,150165,976],{"class":130},[55,150167,83],{"class":69},[55,150169,2036],{"class":130},[55,150171,103],{"class":69},[55,150173,150174,150176,150178,150180,150182,150184],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150175,117],{"class":116},[55,150177,120],{"class":69},[55,150179,1396],{"class":850},[55,150181,120],{"class":69},[55,150183,4951],{"class":123},[55,150185,1357],{"class":69},[1425,150187,150189],{"id":150188},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[14,150191,150002],{},[45,150193,150195],{"className":47,"code":150194,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[52,150196,150197,150217],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150198,150199,150201,150203,150205,150207,150209,150211,150213,150215],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150200,243],{"class":61},[55,150202,66],{"class":65},[55,150204,70],{"class":69},[55,150206,152],{"class":130},[55,150208,83],{"class":69},[55,150210,976],{"class":130},[55,150212,83],{"class":69},[55,150214,2036],{"class":130},[55,150216,103],{"class":69},[55,150218,150219],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150220,150221],{"class":137},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[14,150223,150224],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[1425,150226,36800,150228,150231],{"id":150227},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[52,150229,150230],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[14,150233,64239],{},[45,150235,150236],{"className":47,"code":149854,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,150237,150238,150256],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150239,150240,150242,150244,150246,150248,150250,150252,150254],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150241,769],{"class":61},[55,150243,66],{"class":65},[55,150245,857],{"class":850},[55,150247,120],{"class":69},[55,150249,74],{"class":73},[55,150251,41157],{"class":77},[55,150253,74],{"class":73},[55,150255,103],{"class":69},[55,150257,150258,150260,150262,150264],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150259,117],{"class":116},[55,150261,120],{"class":69},[55,150263,812],{"class":123},[55,150265,103],{"class":69},[14,150267,150268],{},"gives:",[45,150270,150271],{"className":47,"code":149889,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,150272,150273],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150274,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289,150291,150293,150295,150297,150299],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150276,120],{"class":69},[55,150278,2889],{"class":73},[55,150280,194],{"class":77},[55,150282,2889],{"class":73},[55,150284,83],{"class":69},[55,150286,2884],{"class":73},[55,150288,786],{"class":77},[55,150290,2889],{"class":73},[55,150292,83],{"class":69},[55,150294,2884],{"class":73},[55,150296,795],{"class":77},[55,150298,2889],{"class":73},[55,150300,103],{"class":69},[14,150302,150303],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[45,150305,150307],{"className":47,"code":150306,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[52,150308,150309,150325],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150310,150311,150313,150315,150317,150319,150321,150323],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150312,5748],{"class":61},[55,150314,66],{"class":65},[55,150316,70],{"class":69},[55,150318,74],{"class":73},[55,150320,41157],{"class":77},[55,150322,74],{"class":73},[55,150324,148927],{"class":69},[55,150326,150327,150329,150331,150333],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150328,117],{"class":116},[55,150330,120],{"class":69},[55,150332,37987],{"class":123},[55,150334,103],{"class":69},[14,150336,314],{},[45,150338,150340],{"className":47,"code":150339,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('abc',)\n",[52,150341,150342],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150343,150344,150346,150348,150350,150352],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150345,120],{"class":69},[55,150347,2889],{"class":73},[55,150349,41157],{"class":77},[55,150351,2889],{"class":73},[55,150353,148927],{"class":69},[1425,150355,150357],{"id":150356},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[14,150359,150360],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[45,150362,150364],{"className":47,"code":150363,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[52,150365,150366,150383,150387,150397,150411],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150367,150368,150371,150373,150375,150377,150379,150381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150369,150370],{"class":61},"my_tuple ",[55,150372,66],{"class":65},[55,150374,70],{"class":69},[55,150376,74],{"class":73},[55,150378,407],{"class":77},[55,150380,74],{"class":73},[55,150382,148927],{"class":69},[55,150384,150385],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150386,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,150388,150389,150391,150393,150395],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,150390,117],{"class":116},[55,150392,120],{"class":69},[55,150394,1340],{"class":123},[55,150396,103],{"class":69},[55,150398,150399,150401,150403,150405,150407,150409],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,150400,117],{"class":116},[55,150402,120],{"class":69},[55,150404,1396],{"class":850},[55,150406,120],{"class":69},[55,150408,1340],{"class":123},[55,150410,1357],{"class":69},[55,150412,150413,150415,150417,150419,150421,150423],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,150414,117],{"class":116},[55,150416,120],{"class":69},[55,150418,940],{"class":116},[55,150420,120],{"class":69},[55,150422,1340],{"class":123},[55,150424,1357],{"class":69},[37,150426,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,150428,150430],{"id":150429},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[14,150432,150433,150434,150437],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[52,150435,150436],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[1425,150439,150441],{"id":150440},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[14,150443,150444],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[1425,150446,150448],{"id":150447},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[14,150450,150451],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[1425,150453,150455],{"id":150454},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[14,150457,150458],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[1425,150460,4733,150462,12316],{"id":150461},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[52,150463,150230],{},[14,150465,4739,150466,150469],{},[52,150467,150468],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[37,150471,1495],{"id":1494},[21,150473,150474,150478,150482,150486,150490,150495,150499],{},[24,150475,150476],{},[194,150477,341],{"href":340},[24,150479,150480],{},[194,150481,149243],{"href":149242},[24,150483,150484],{},[194,150485,1162],{"href":1161},[24,150487,150488],{},[194,150489,1511],{"href":886},[24,150491,150492],{},[194,150493,150494],{"href":148874},"What is a tuple in Python?",[24,150496,150497],{},[194,150498,62813],{"href":62812},[24,150500,150501],{},[194,150502,150503],{"href":150011},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1524,150505,150506],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":150508},[150509,150510,150511,150512,150513,150514,150520,150526,150527,150535,150543],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":14759,"depth":106,"text":14760},{"id":149102,"depth":106,"text":149103},{"id":149246,"depth":106,"text":149247},{"id":149339,"depth":106,"text":149340},{"id":149532,"depth":106,"text":149533,"children":150515},[150516,150517,150518,150519],{"id":275,"depth":113,"text":56058},{"id":4901,"depth":113,"text":56061},{"id":149624,"depth":113,"text":149625},{"id":149667,"depth":113,"text":149668},{"id":149774,"depth":106,"text":150521,"children":150522},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150523,150524,150525],{"id":104836,"depth":113,"text":104837},{"id":105022,"depth":113,"text":105023},{"id":149925,"depth":113,"text":149926},{"id":20396,"depth":106,"text":20397},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298,"children":150528},[150529,150530,150531,150532,150534],{"id":150020,"depth":113,"text":150021},{"id":150100,"depth":113,"text":150101},{"id":150188,"depth":113,"text":150189},{"id":150227,"depth":113,"text":150533},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150356,"depth":113,"text":150357},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":150536},[150537,150538,150539,150540,150541],{"id":150429,"depth":113,"text":150430},{"id":150440,"depth":113,"text":150441},{"id":150447,"depth":113,"text":150448},{"id":150454,"depth":113,"text":150455},{"id":150461,"depth":113,"text":150542},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148860,"description":150544},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150551,"title":150552,"body":150553,"description":152098,"extension":1546,"meta":152099,"navigation":109,"path":152100,"seo":152101,"stem":152102,"__hash__":152103},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150554,"toc":152068},[150555,150558,150563,150565,150578,150584,150586,150653,150655,150690,150695,150699,150703,150705,150716,150724,150726,150728,150749,150751,150771,150774,150776,150781,150824,150826,150848,150851,150864,150868,150872,150875,150928,150930,150951,150956,150960,150963,151008,151010,151043,151055,151059,151067,151104,151106,151135,151139,151142,151195,151197,151217,151224,151228,151233,151302,151304,151329,151333,151336,151342,151419,151421,151480,151482,151494,151499,151503,151507,151521,151523,151558,151560,151577,151580,151593,151597,151601,151612,151617,151632,151635,151638,151640,151643,151647,151649,151663,151665,151689,151694,151698,151701,151720,151723,151772,151777,151794,151797,151830,151834,151836,151887,151890,151915,151918,151941,151945,151951,151953,151988,151991,151996,151998,152002,152005,152009,152014,152018,152021,152025,152028,152032,152037,152039,152065],[10,150556,150552],{"id":150557},"python-tuple-function-explained",[14,150559,8720,150560,150562],{},[52,150561,37643],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[14,150564,82179],{},[21,150566,150567,150572],{},[24,150568,150569,150571],{},[52,150570,37643],{}," creates an empty tuple",[24,150573,150574,150577],{},[52,150575,150576],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[14,150579,150580,150581,150583],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[52,150582,37643],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[37,150585,1588],{"id":1587},[45,150587,150589],{"className":47,"code":150588,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,150590,150591,150611,150625,150629,150639],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150592,150593,150595,150597,150599,150601,150603,150605,150607,150609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150594,243],{"class":61},[55,150596,66],{"class":65},[55,150598,3211],{"class":69},[55,150600,152],{"class":130},[55,150602,83],{"class":69},[55,150604,976],{"class":130},[55,150606,83],{"class":69},[55,150608,2036],{"class":130},[55,150610,386],{"class":69},[55,150612,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621,150623],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150614,1814],{"class":61},[55,150616,66],{"class":65},[55,150618,857],{"class":850},[55,150620,120],{"class":69},[55,150622,275],{"class":123},[55,150624,103],{"class":69},[55,150626,150627],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,150628,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,150630,150631,150633,150635,150637],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,150632,117],{"class":116},[55,150634,120],{"class":69},[55,150636,1849],{"class":123},[55,150638,103],{"class":69},[55,150640,150641,150643,150645,150647,150649,150651],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,150642,117],{"class":116},[55,150644,120],{"class":69},[55,150646,1396],{"class":850},[55,150648,120],{"class":69},[55,150650,1849],{"class":123},[55,150652,1357],{"class":69},[14,150654,314],{},[45,150656,150658],{"className":47,"code":150657,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[52,150659,150660,150676],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150661,150662,150664,150666,150668,150670,150672,150674],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150663,120],{"class":69},[55,150665,152],{"class":130},[55,150667,83],{"class":69},[55,150669,976],{"class":130},[55,150671,83],{"class":69},[55,150673,2036],{"class":130},[55,150675,103],{"class":69},[55,150677,150678,150680,150682,150684,150686,150688],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150679,2878],{"class":65},[55,150681,2881],{"class":1648},[55,150683,2884],{"class":73},[55,150685,48551],{"class":77},[55,150687,2889],{"class":73},[55,150689,2892],{"class":65},[14,150691,1440,150692,150694],{},[52,150693,150576],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[37,150696,150698],{"id":150697},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[14,150700,150701,62521],{},[52,150702,37643],{},[14,150704,48525],{},[21,150706,150707,150710,150713],{},[24,150708,150709],{},"creates a tuple object",[24,150711,150712],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[24,150714,150715],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[14,150717,150718,150719,150721,150722,198],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[194,150720,148875],{"href":148874}," or the full guide to ",[194,150723,341],{"href":340},[37,150725,1740],{"id":1739},[14,150727,26083],{},[45,150729,150731],{"className":47,"code":150730,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[52,150732,150733,150739],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150734,150735,150737],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150736,48551],{"class":850},[55,150738,8239],{"class":69},[55,150740,150741,150743,150745,150747],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150742,48551],{"class":850},[55,150744,120],{"class":69},[55,150746,3309],{"class":123},[55,150748,103],{"class":69},[14,150750,211],{},[21,150752,150753,150756],{},[24,150754,150755],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[24,150757,150758,150759],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[21,150760,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769],{},[24,150762,4892],{},[24,150764,4901],{},[24,150766,62592],{},[24,150768,4898],{},[24,150770,6845],{},[14,150772,150773],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[37,150775,149247],{"id":149246},[14,150777,29247,150778,150780],{},[52,150779,37643],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[45,150782,150784],{"className":47,"code":150783,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[52,150785,150786,150796,150800,150810],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150787,150788,150790,150792,150794],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150789,124442],{"class":61},[55,150791,66],{"class":65},[55,150793,857],{"class":850},[55,150795,8239],{"class":69},[55,150797,150798],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150799,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,150801,150802,150804,150806,150808],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,150803,117],{"class":116},[55,150805,120],{"class":69},[55,150807,124493],{"class":123},[55,150809,103],{"class":69},[55,150811,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820,150822],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,150813,117],{"class":116},[55,150815,120],{"class":69},[55,150817,1396],{"class":850},[55,150819,120],{"class":69},[55,150821,124493],{"class":123},[55,150823,1357],{"class":69},[14,150825,314],{},[45,150827,150828],{"className":47,"code":149292,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,150829,150830,150834],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150831,150832],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150833,8239],{"class":69},[55,150835,150836,150838,150840,150842,150844,150846],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150837,2878],{"class":65},[55,150839,2881],{"class":1648},[55,150841,2884],{"class":73},[55,150843,48551],{"class":77},[55,150845,2889],{"class":73},[55,150847,2892],{"class":65},[14,150849,150850],{},"This is equivalent to:",[45,150852,150854],{"className":47,"code":150853,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty = ()\n",[52,150855,150856],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150857,150858,150860,150862],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150859,124442],{"class":61},[55,150861,66],{"class":65},[55,150863,148913],{"class":69},[37,150865,150867],{"id":150866},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[1425,150869,150871],{"id":150870},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[14,150873,150874],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[45,150876,150878],{"className":47,"code":150877,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,150879,150880,150900,150914,150918],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150881,150882,150884,150886,150888,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150883,243],{"class":61},[55,150885,66],{"class":65},[55,150887,3211],{"class":69},[55,150889,250],{"class":130},[55,150891,83],{"class":69},[55,150893,255],{"class":130},[55,150895,83],{"class":69},[55,150897,260],{"class":130},[55,150899,386],{"class":69},[55,150901,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910,150912],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150903,1814],{"class":61},[55,150905,66],{"class":65},[55,150907,857],{"class":850},[55,150909,120],{"class":69},[55,150911,275],{"class":123},[55,150913,103],{"class":69},[55,150915,150916],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,150917,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,150919,150920,150922,150924,150926],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,150921,117],{"class":116},[55,150923,120],{"class":69},[55,150925,1849],{"class":123},[55,150927,103],{"class":69},[14,150929,314],{},[45,150931,150933],{"className":47,"code":150932,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[52,150934,150935],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150936,150937,150939,150941,150943,150945,150947,150949],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150938,120],{"class":69},[55,150940,250],{"class":130},[55,150942,83],{"class":69},[55,150944,255],{"class":130},[55,150946,83],{"class":69},[55,150948,260],{"class":130},[55,150950,103],{"class":69},[14,150952,150953,150954,198],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[194,150955,104642],{"href":59652},[1425,150957,150959],{"id":150958},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[14,150961,150962],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[45,150964,150966],{"className":47,"code":150965,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,150967,150968,150980,150994,150998],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,150969,150970,150972,150974,150976,150978],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,150971,34287],{"class":61},[55,150973,66],{"class":65},[55,150975,86],{"class":73},[55,150977,36643],{"class":77},[55,150979,1288],{"class":73},[55,150981,150982,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,150983,1814],{"class":61},[55,150985,66],{"class":65},[55,150987,857],{"class":850},[55,150989,120],{"class":69},[55,150991,34308],{"class":123},[55,150993,103],{"class":69},[55,150995,150996],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,150997,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,150999,151000,151002,151004,151006],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,151001,117],{"class":116},[55,151003,120],{"class":69},[55,151005,1849],{"class":123},[55,151007,103],{"class":69},[14,151009,314],{},[45,151011,151013],{"className":47,"code":151012,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[52,151014,151015],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151016,151017,151019,151021,151023,151025,151027,151029,151031,151033,151035,151037,151039,151041],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151018,120],{"class":69},[55,151020,2889],{"class":73},[55,151022,795],{"class":77},[55,151024,2889],{"class":73},[55,151026,83],{"class":69},[55,151028,2884],{"class":73},[55,151030,194],{"class":77},[55,151032,2889],{"class":73},[55,151034,83],{"class":69},[55,151036,2884],{"class":73},[55,151038,62882],{"class":77},[55,151040,2889],{"class":73},[55,151042,103],{"class":69},[14,151044,151045,151046,13650,151049,151051,151052,198],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[52,151047,151048],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3332,151050,4222],{}," create ",[52,151053,151054],{},"('cat',)",[1425,151056,151058],{"id":151057},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[14,151060,151061,151063,151064,151066],{},[52,151062,35795],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[52,151065,37643],{}," collects them all.",[45,151068,151070],{"className":47,"code":151069,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,151071,151072,151090,151094],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086,151088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151075,1814],{"class":61},[55,151077,66],{"class":65},[55,151079,857],{"class":850},[55,151081,120],{"class":69},[55,151083,59595],{"class":116},[55,151085,120],{"class":69},[55,151087,817],{"class":130},[55,151089,1357],{"class":69},[55,151091,151092],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151093,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,151095,151096,151098,151100,151102],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,151097,117],{"class":116},[55,151099,120],{"class":69},[55,151101,1849],{"class":123},[55,151103,103],{"class":69},[14,151105,314],{},[45,151107,151109],{"className":47,"code":151108,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[52,151110,151111],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151112,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151114,120],{"class":69},[55,151116,131],{"class":130},[55,151118,83],{"class":69},[55,151120,5090],{"class":130},[55,151122,83],{"class":69},[55,151124,976],{"class":130},[55,151126,83],{"class":69},[55,151128,2036],{"class":130},[55,151130,83],{"class":69},[55,151132,2042],{"class":130},[55,151134,103],{"class":69},[1425,151136,151138],{"id":151137},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[14,151140,151141],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[45,151143,151145],{"className":47,"code":151144,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,151146,151147,151167,151181,151185],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151148,151149,151151,151153,151155,151157,151159,151161,151163,151165],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151150,3413],{"class":61},[55,151152,66],{"class":65},[55,151154,10088],{"class":69},[55,151156,152],{"class":130},[55,151158,83],{"class":69},[55,151160,976],{"class":130},[55,151162,83],{"class":69},[55,151164,2036],{"class":130},[55,151166,8906],{"class":69},[55,151168,151169,151171,151173,151175,151177,151179],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151170,1814],{"class":61},[55,151172,66],{"class":65},[55,151174,857],{"class":850},[55,151176,120],{"class":69},[55,151178,4951],{"class":123},[55,151180,103],{"class":69},[55,151182,151183],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,151184,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,151186,151187,151189,151191,151193],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,151188,117],{"class":116},[55,151190,120],{"class":69},[55,151192,1849],{"class":123},[55,151194,103],{"class":69},[14,151196,314],{},[45,151198,151199],{"className":47,"code":149149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,151200,151201],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151202,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213,151215],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151204,120],{"class":69},[55,151206,152],{"class":130},[55,151208,83],{"class":69},[55,151210,976],{"class":130},[55,151212,83],{"class":69},[55,151214,2036],{"class":130},[55,151216,103],{"class":69},[14,151218,151219,151220,198],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[194,151221,151223],{"href":151222},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[1425,151225,151227],{"id":151226},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[14,151229,63135,151230,151232],{},[52,151231,37643],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[45,151234,151236],{"className":47,"code":151235,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[52,151237,151238,151274,151288,151292],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151239,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252,151254,151256,151258,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270,151272],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151241,12802],{"class":61},[55,151243,66],{"class":65},[55,151245,10088],{"class":69},[55,151247,74],{"class":73},[55,151249,7263],{"class":77},[55,151251,74],{"class":73},[55,151253,854],{"class":69},[55,151255,86],{"class":73},[55,151257,645],{"class":77},[55,151259,74],{"class":73},[55,151261,83],{"class":69},[55,151263,86],{"class":73},[55,151265,8896],{"class":77},[55,151267,74],{"class":73},[55,151269,854],{"class":69},[55,151271,8903],{"class":130},[55,151273,8906],{"class":69},[55,151275,151276,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151277,1814],{"class":61},[55,151279,66],{"class":65},[55,151281,857],{"class":850},[55,151283,120],{"class":69},[55,151285,16905],{"class":123},[55,151287,103],{"class":69},[55,151289,151290],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,151291,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,151293,151294,151296,151298,151300],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,151295,117],{"class":116},[55,151297,120],{"class":69},[55,151299,1849],{"class":123},[55,151301,103],{"class":69},[14,151303,29627],{},[45,151305,151307],{"className":47,"code":151306,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('name', 'age')\n",[52,151308,151309],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151310,151311,151313,151315,151317,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151312,120],{"class":69},[55,151314,2889],{"class":73},[55,151316,7263],{"class":77},[55,151318,2889],{"class":73},[55,151320,83],{"class":69},[55,151322,2884],{"class":73},[55,151324,8896],{"class":77},[55,151326,2889],{"class":73},[55,151328,103],{"class":69},[37,151330,151332],{"id":151331},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[14,151334,151335],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[14,151337,151338,151341],{},[52,151339,151340],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[45,151343,151345],{"className":47,"code":151344,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[52,151346,151347,151383,151387,151401],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151348,151349,151351,151353,151355,151357,151359,151361,151363,151365,151367,151369,151371,151373,151375,151377,151379,151381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151350,12802],{"class":61},[55,151352,66],{"class":65},[55,151354,10088],{"class":69},[55,151356,74],{"class":73},[55,151358,7263],{"class":77},[55,151360,74],{"class":73},[55,151362,854],{"class":69},[55,151364,86],{"class":73},[55,151366,645],{"class":77},[55,151368,74],{"class":73},[55,151370,83],{"class":69},[55,151372,86],{"class":73},[55,151374,8896],{"class":77},[55,151376,74],{"class":73},[55,151378,854],{"class":69},[55,151380,8903],{"class":130},[55,151382,8906],{"class":69},[55,151384,151385],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151386,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,151388,151389,151391,151393,151395,151397,151399],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,151390,117],{"class":116},[55,151392,120],{"class":69},[55,151394,48551],{"class":850},[55,151396,120],{"class":69},[55,151398,16905],{"class":123},[55,151400,1357],{"class":69},[55,151402,151403,151405,151407,151409,151411,151413,151415,151417],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,151404,117],{"class":116},[55,151406,120],{"class":69},[55,151408,48551],{"class":850},[55,151410,120],{"class":69},[55,151412,16905],{"class":123},[55,151414,198],{"class":69},[55,151416,7404],{"class":123},[55,151418,5884],{"class":69},[14,151420,314],{},[45,151422,151424],{"className":47,"code":151423,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[52,151425,151426,151446],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151427,151428,151430,151432,151434,151436,151438,151440,151442,151444],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151429,120],{"class":69},[55,151431,2889],{"class":73},[55,151433,7263],{"class":77},[55,151435,2889],{"class":73},[55,151437,83],{"class":69},[55,151439,2884],{"class":73},[55,151441,8896],{"class":77},[55,151443,2889],{"class":73},[55,151445,103],{"class":69},[55,151447,151448,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466,151468,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151449,5103],{"class":69},[55,151451,2889],{"class":73},[55,151453,7263],{"class":77},[55,151455,2889],{"class":73},[55,151457,83],{"class":69},[55,151459,2884],{"class":73},[55,151461,645],{"class":77},[55,151463,2889],{"class":73},[55,151465,8831],{"class":69},[55,151467,70],{"class":69},[55,151469,2889],{"class":73},[55,151471,8896],{"class":77},[55,151473,2889],{"class":73},[55,151475,83],{"class":69},[55,151477,8903],{"class":130},[55,151479,1357],{"class":69},[14,151481,18292],{},[21,151483,151484,151489],{},[24,151485,151486,151488],{},[52,151487,151340],{}," for keys",[24,151490,151491,32156],{},[52,151492,151493],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[14,151495,151496,151497,198],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[194,151498,63145],{"href":63144},[37,151500,151502],{"id":151501},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[14,151504,151505,17916],{},[52,151506,37643],{},[21,151508,151509,151512,151515,151518],{},[24,151510,151511],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[24,151513,151514],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[24,151516,151517],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[24,151519,151520],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[14,151522,233],{},[45,151524,151526],{"className":47,"code":151525,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[52,151527,151528,151547],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151529,151530,151533,151535,151537,151539,151541,151543,151545],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151531,151532],{"class":61},"coordinates ",[55,151534,66],{"class":65},[55,151536,857],{"class":850},[55,151538,2573],{"class":69},[55,151540,2091],{"class":130},[55,151542,83],{"class":69},[55,151544,5587],{"class":130},[55,151546,282],{"class":69},[55,151548,151549,151551,151553,151556],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151550,117],{"class":116},[55,151552,120],{"class":69},[55,151554,151555],{"class":123},"coordinates",[55,151557,103],{"class":69},[14,151559,314],{},[45,151561,151563],{"className":47,"code":151562,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(4, 7)\n",[52,151564,151565],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151566,151567,151569,151571,151573,151575],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151568,120],{"class":69},[55,151570,2091],{"class":130},[55,151572,83],{"class":69},[55,151574,5587],{"class":130},[55,151576,103],{"class":69},[14,151578,151579],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[21,151581,151582,151584,151587,151590],{},[24,151583,151555],{},[24,151585,151586],{},"RGB colors",[24,151588,151589],{},"dates",[24,151591,151592],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[37,151594,151596],{"id":151595},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[14,151598,44026,151599,10199],{},[52,151600,37643],{},[21,151602,151603,151606,151609],{},[24,151604,151605],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[24,151607,151608],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[24,151610,151611],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[14,151613,116069,151614,151616],{},[3332,151615,4222],{}," work:",[45,151618,151620],{"className":47,"code":151619,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tuple(5)\n",[52,151621,151622],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151623,151624,151626,151628,151630],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151625,48551],{"class":850},[55,151627,120],{"class":69},[55,151629,817],{"class":130},[55,151631,103],{"class":69},[14,151633,151634],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[14,151636,151637],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[37,151639,114907],{"id":114906},[14,151641,151642],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[1425,151644,151646],{"id":151645},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[14,151648,2423],{},[45,151650,151651],{"className":47,"code":151619,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,151652,151653],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151654,151655,151657,151659,151661],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151656,48551],{"class":850},[55,151658,120],{"class":69},[55,151660,817],{"class":130},[55,151662,103],{"class":69},[14,151664,29278],{},[45,151666,151667],{"className":47,"code":63249,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,151668,151669],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151670,151671,151673,151675,151677,151679,151681,151683,151685,151687],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151672,2592],{"class":850},[55,151674,854],{"class":69},[55,151676,2884],{"class":73},[55,151678,1772],{"class":77},[55,151680,2889],{"class":73},[55,151682,24214],{"class":850},[55,151684,7691],{"class":65},[55,151686,7694],{"class":65},[55,151688,63272],{"class":61},[14,151690,151691,151692,198],{},"If you see this, read ",[194,151693,61887],{"href":52195},[1425,151695,151697],{"id":151696},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[14,151699,151700],{},"This code:",[45,151702,151704],{"className":47,"code":151703,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[52,151705,151706],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151707,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151709,48551],{"class":850},[55,151711,120],{"class":69},[55,151713,74],{"class":73},[55,151715,3436],{"class":77},[55,151717,74],{"class":73},[55,151719,103],{"class":69},[14,151721,151722],{},"returns:",[45,151724,151726],{"className":47,"code":151725,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[52,151727,151728],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151729,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742,151744,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756,151758,151760,151762,151764,151766,151768,151770],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151731,120],{"class":69},[55,151733,2889],{"class":73},[55,151735,60035],{"class":77},[55,151737,2889],{"class":73},[55,151739,83],{"class":69},[55,151741,2884],{"class":73},[55,151743,60044],{"class":77},[55,151745,2889],{"class":73},[55,151747,83],{"class":69},[55,151749,2884],{"class":73},[55,151751,60053],{"class":77},[55,151753,2889],{"class":73},[55,151755,83],{"class":69},[55,151757,2884],{"class":73},[55,151759,60053],{"class":77},[55,151761,2889],{"class":73},[55,151763,83],{"class":69},[55,151765,2884],{"class":73},[55,151767,60070],{"class":77},[55,151769,2889],{"class":73},[55,151771,103],{"class":69},[14,151773,40502,151774,151776],{},[3332,151775,4222],{}," return:",[45,151778,151780],{"className":47,"code":151779,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('hello',)\n",[52,151781,151782],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151783,151784,151786,151788,151790,151792],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151785,120],{"class":69},[55,151787,2889],{"class":73},[55,151789,3436],{"class":77},[55,151791,2889],{"class":73},[55,151793,148927],{"class":69},[14,151795,151796],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[45,151798,151800],{"className":47,"code":151799,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[52,151801,151802,151819],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151803,151804,151807,151809,151811,151813,151815,151817],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151805,151806],{"class":61},"single ",[55,151808,66],{"class":65},[55,151810,70],{"class":69},[55,151812,74],{"class":73},[55,151814,3436],{"class":77},[55,151816,74],{"class":73},[55,151818,148927],{"class":69},[55,151820,151821,151823,151825,151828],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151822,117],{"class":116},[55,151824,120],{"class":69},[55,151826,151827],{"class":123},"single",[55,151829,103],{"class":69},[1425,151831,151833],{"id":151832},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[14,151835,151700],{},[45,151837,151839],{"className":47,"code":151838,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[52,151840,151841,151873],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151842,151843,151845,151847,151849,151851,151853,151855,151857,151859,151861,151863,151865,151867,151869,151871],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151844,8763],{"class":61},[55,151846,66],{"class":65},[55,151848,10088],{"class":69},[55,151850,74],{"class":73},[55,151852,194],{"class":77},[55,151854,74],{"class":73},[55,151856,854],{"class":69},[55,151858,5090],{"class":130},[55,151860,83],{"class":69},[55,151862,86],{"class":73},[55,151864,786],{"class":77},[55,151866,74],{"class":73},[55,151868,854],{"class":69},[55,151870,976],{"class":130},[55,151872,8906],{"class":69},[55,151874,151875,151877,151879,151881,151883,151885],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151876,117],{"class":116},[55,151878,120],{"class":69},[55,151880,48551],{"class":850},[55,151882,120],{"class":69},[55,151884,8802],{"class":123},[55,151886,1357],{"class":69},[14,151888,151889],{},"returns only the keys:",[45,151891,151893],{"className":47,"code":151892,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('a', 'b')\n",[52,151894,151895],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151896,151897,151899,151901,151903,151905,151907,151909,151911,151913],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151898,120],{"class":69},[55,151900,2889],{"class":73},[55,151902,194],{"class":77},[55,151904,2889],{"class":73},[55,151906,83],{"class":69},[55,151908,2884],{"class":73},[55,151910,786],{"class":77},[55,151912,2889],{"class":73},[55,151914,103],{"class":69},[14,151916,151917],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[45,151919,151921],{"className":47,"code":151920,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[52,151922,151923],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151924,151925,151927,151929,151931,151933,151935,151937,151939],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151926,117],{"class":116},[55,151928,120],{"class":69},[55,151930,48551],{"class":850},[55,151932,120],{"class":69},[55,151934,8802],{"class":123},[55,151936,198],{"class":69},[55,151938,7404],{"class":123},[55,151940,5884],{"class":69},[1425,151942,151944],{"id":151943},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[14,151946,151947,151948,151950],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[52,151949,37643],{}," conversion.",[14,151952,5064],{},[45,151954,151956],{"className":47,"code":151955,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[52,151957,151958,151978],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,151959,151960,151962,151964,151966,151968,151970,151972,151974,151976],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,151961,2031],{"class":61},[55,151963,66],{"class":65},[55,151965,70],{"class":69},[55,151967,152],{"class":130},[55,151969,83],{"class":69},[55,151971,976],{"class":130},[55,151973,83],{"class":69},[55,151975,2036],{"class":130},[55,151977,103],{"class":69},[55,151979,151980,151982,151984,151986],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,151981,117],{"class":116},[55,151983,120],{"class":69},[55,151985,2058],{"class":123},[55,151987,103],{"class":69},[14,151989,151990],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[14,151992,25103,151993,151995],{},[52,151994,37643],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[37,151997,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,151999,152001],{"id":152000},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[14,152003,152004],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[1425,152006,152008],{"id":152007},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[14,152010,152011,152012,198],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[52,152013,6960],{},[1425,152015,152017],{"id":152016},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[14,152019,152020],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[1425,152022,152024],{"id":152023},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[14,152026,152027],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[1425,152029,152031],{"id":152030},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[14,152033,152034,152035,198],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[52,152036,2592],{},[37,152038,1495],{"id":1494},[21,152040,152041,152045,152049,152053,152057,152061],{},[24,152042,152043],{},[194,152044,341],{"href":340},[24,152046,152047],{},[194,152048,150494],{"href":148874},[24,152050,152051],{},[194,152052,104642],{"href":59652},[24,152054,152055],{},[194,152056,151223],{"href":151222},[24,152058,152059],{},[194,152060,63145],{"href":63144},[24,152062,152063],{},[194,152064,61887],{"href":52195},[1524,152066,152067],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":152069},[152070,152071,152072,152073,152074,152081,152082,152083,152084,152090,152097],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":150697,"depth":106,"text":150698},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":149246,"depth":106,"text":149247},{"id":150866,"depth":106,"text":150867,"children":152075},[152076,152077,152078,152079,152080],{"id":150870,"depth":113,"text":150871},{"id":150958,"depth":113,"text":150959},{"id":151057,"depth":113,"text":151058},{"id":151137,"depth":113,"text":151138},{"id":151226,"depth":113,"text":151227},{"id":151331,"depth":106,"text":151332},{"id":151501,"depth":106,"text":151502},{"id":151595,"depth":106,"text":151596},{"id":114906,"depth":106,"text":114907,"children":152085},[152086,152087,152088,152089],{"id":151645,"depth":113,"text":151646},{"id":151696,"depth":113,"text":151697},{"id":151832,"depth":113,"text":151833},{"id":151943,"depth":113,"text":151944},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":152091},[152092,152093,152094,152095,152096],{"id":152000,"depth":113,"text":152001},{"id":152007,"depth":113,"text":152008},{"id":152016,"depth":113,"text":152017},{"id":152023,"depth":113,"text":152024},{"id":152030,"depth":113,"text":152031},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150552,"description":152098},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152105,"title":152106,"body":152107,"description":153518,"extension":1546,"meta":153519,"navigation":109,"path":153520,"seo":153521,"stem":153522,"__hash__":153523},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152108,"toc":153490},[152109,152114,152119,152122,152124,152203,152209,152214,152218,152233,152235,152282,152284,152292,152300,152306,152308,152313,152332,152335,152362,152364,152388,152390,152532,152534,152538,152546,152549,152551,152628,152630,152638,152642,152646,152656,152665,152667,152672,152674,152733,152738,152740,152840,152842,152856,152861,152867,152874,152877,152879,152989,152993,153010,153012,153075,153077,153085,153097,153101,153106,153134,153137,153219,153221,153232,153234,153238,153265,153267,153269,153349,153357,153359,153414,153416,153421,153424,153428,153432,153434,153438,153442,153450,153457,153460,153462,153487],[10,152110,147460,152112,10920],{"id":152111},"python-tuple-index-method",[52,152113,58565],{},[14,152115,152116,152118],{},[52,152117,148777],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[14,152120,152121],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[37,152123,1588],{"id":1587},[45,152125,152127],{"className":47,"code":152126,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[52,152128,152129,152169,152191],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152130,152131,152133,152135,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151,152153,152155,152157,152159,152161,152163,152165,152167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152132,62],{"class":61},[55,152134,66],{"class":65},[55,152136,70],{"class":69},[55,152138,74],{"class":73},[55,152140,78],{"class":77},[55,152142,74],{"class":73},[55,152144,83],{"class":69},[55,152146,86],{"class":73},[55,152148,98],{"class":77},[55,152150,74],{"class":73},[55,152152,83],{"class":69},[55,152154,86],{"class":73},[55,152156,89],{"class":77},[55,152158,74],{"class":73},[55,152160,83],{"class":69},[55,152162,86],{"class":73},[55,152164,98],{"class":77},[55,152166,74],{"class":73},[55,152168,103],{"class":69},[55,152170,152171,152173,152175,152177,152179,152181,152183,152185,152187,152189],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,152172,64515],{"class":61},[55,152174,66],{"class":65},[55,152176,12721],{"class":61},[55,152178,198],{"class":69},[55,152180,383],{"class":123},[55,152182,120],{"class":69},[55,152184,74],{"class":73},[55,152186,98],{"class":77},[55,152188,74],{"class":73},[55,152190,103],{"class":69},[55,152192,152193,152195,152197,152199,152201],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,152194,117],{"class":116},[55,152196,120],{"class":69},[55,152198,64542],{"class":123},[55,152200,970],{"class":69},[55,152202,27376],{"class":137},[14,152204,152205,152208],{},[52,152206,152207],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[37,152210,3265,152212,3268],{"id":152211},"what-tupleindex-does",[52,152213,148777],{},[14,152215,1563,152216,11011],{},[52,152217,58565],{},[21,152219,152220,152223,152225,152228],{},[24,152221,152222],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[24,152224,128060],{},[24,152226,152227],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[24,152229,152230,152231],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[52,152232,131],{},[14,152234,233],{},[45,152236,152238],{"className":47,"code":152237,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[52,152239,152240,152264],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152241,152242,152244,152246,152248,152250,152252,152254,152256,152258,152260,152262],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152243,243],{"class":61},[55,152245,66],{"class":65},[55,152247,70],{"class":69},[55,152249,250],{"class":130},[55,152251,83],{"class":69},[55,152253,255],{"class":130},[55,152255,83],{"class":69},[55,152257,260],{"class":130},[55,152259,83],{"class":69},[55,152261,255],{"class":130},[55,152263,103],{"class":69},[55,152265,152266,152268,152270,152272,152274,152276,152278,152280],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,152267,117],{"class":116},[55,152269,120],{"class":69},[55,152271,275],{"class":123},[55,152273,198],{"class":69},[55,152275,383],{"class":123},[55,152277,120],{"class":69},[55,152279,1149],{"class":130},[55,152281,1357],{"class":69},[14,152283,314],{},[45,152285,152286],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,152287,152288],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152289,152290],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152291,46515],{"class":130},[14,152293,20574,152294,152296,152297,152299],{},[52,152295,1149],{}," appears twice, ",[52,152298,58565],{}," returns only the first match.",[14,152301,150718,152302,198],{},[194,152303,152305],{"href":152304},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[37,152307,1740],{"id":1739},[14,152309,7358,152310,152312],{},[52,152311,58565],{}," in two ways:",[45,152314,152316],{"className":47,"code":152315,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[52,152317,152318],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152319,152320,152322,152324,152326,152328,152330],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152321,378],{"class":61},[55,152323,198],{"class":69},[55,152325,383],{"class":123},[55,152327,120],{"class":69},[55,152329,2058],{"class":123},[55,152331,103],{"class":69},[14,152333,152334],{},"or:",[45,152336,152338],{"className":47,"code":152337,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[52,152339,152340],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152341,152342,152344,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152343,378],{"class":61},[55,152345,198],{"class":69},[55,152347,383],{"class":123},[55,152349,120],{"class":69},[55,152351,2058],{"class":123},[55,152353,83],{"class":69},[55,152355,35650],{"class":123},[55,152357,83],{"class":69},[55,152359,64636],{"class":123},[55,152361,103],{"class":69},[1425,152363,16993],{"id":16992},[21,152365,152366,152371,152376,152381],{},[24,152367,152368,152370],{},[52,152369,2058],{}," — the item to search for",[24,152372,152373,152375],{},[52,152374,35671],{}," — optional starting position",[24,152377,152378,152380],{},[52,152379,52256],{}," — optional ending position",[24,152382,152383,4375,152385,152387],{},[52,152384,52256],{},[3332,152386,64665],{}," in the search",[14,152389,233],{},[45,152391,152393],{"className":47,"code":152392,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[52,152394,152395,152443,152447,152472,152500],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152396,152397,152399,152401,152403,152405,152407,152409,152411,152413,152415,152417,152419,152421,152423,152425,152427,152429,152431,152433,152435,152437,152439,152441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152398,769],{"class":61},[55,152400,66],{"class":65},[55,152402,70],{"class":69},[55,152404,74],{"class":73},[55,152406,194],{"class":77},[55,152408,74],{"class":73},[55,152410,83],{"class":69},[55,152412,86],{"class":73},[55,152414,786],{"class":77},[55,152416,74],{"class":73},[55,152418,83],{"class":69},[55,152420,86],{"class":73},[55,152422,795],{"class":77},[55,152424,74],{"class":73},[55,152426,83],{"class":69},[55,152428,86],{"class":73},[55,152430,786],{"class":77},[55,152432,74],{"class":73},[55,152434,83],{"class":69},[55,152436,86],{"class":73},[55,152438,18365],{"class":77},[55,152440,74],{"class":73},[55,152442,103],{"class":69},[55,152444,152445],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,152446,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,152448,152449,152451,152453,152455,152457,152459,152461,152463,152465,152467,152469],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,152450,117],{"class":116},[55,152452,120],{"class":69},[55,152454,812],{"class":123},[55,152456,198],{"class":69},[55,152458,383],{"class":123},[55,152460,120],{"class":69},[55,152462,74],{"class":73},[55,152464,786],{"class":77},[55,152466,74],{"class":73},[55,152468,947],{"class":69},[55,152470,152471],{"class":137},"        # 1\n",[55,152473,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490,152492,152494,152496,152498],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,152475,117],{"class":116},[55,152477,120],{"class":69},[55,152479,812],{"class":123},[55,152481,198],{"class":69},[55,152483,383],{"class":123},[55,152485,120],{"class":69},[55,152487,74],{"class":73},[55,152489,786],{"class":77},[55,152491,74],{"class":73},[55,152493,83],{"class":69},[55,152495,976],{"class":130},[55,152497,947],{"class":69},[55,152499,50514],{"class":137},[55,152501,152502,152504,152506,152508,152510,152512,152514,152516,152518,152520,152522,152524,152526,152528,152530],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,152503,117],{"class":116},[55,152505,120],{"class":69},[55,152507,812],{"class":123},[55,152509,198],{"class":69},[55,152511,383],{"class":123},[55,152513,120],{"class":69},[55,152515,74],{"class":73},[55,152517,786],{"class":77},[55,152519,74],{"class":73},[55,152521,83],{"class":69},[55,152523,5090],{"class":130},[55,152525,83],{"class":69},[55,152527,2036],{"class":130},[55,152529,947],{"class":69},[55,152531,27376],{"class":137},[37,152533,102969],{"id":102968},[14,152535,152536,25106],{},[52,152537,148777],{},[21,152539,152540,152543],{},[24,152541,152542],{},"An integer",[24,152544,152545],{},"The position of the first matching item",[14,152547,152548],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[14,152550,233],{},[45,152552,152554],{"className":47,"code":152553,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[52,152555,152556,152596,152618],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152557,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582,152584,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152559,108068],{"class":61},[55,152561,66],{"class":65},[55,152563,70],{"class":69},[55,152565,74],{"class":73},[55,152567,36643],{"class":77},[55,152569,74],{"class":73},[55,152571,83],{"class":69},[55,152573,86],{"class":73},[55,152575,57724],{"class":77},[55,152577,74],{"class":73},[55,152579,83],{"class":69},[55,152581,86],{"class":73},[55,152583,57741],{"class":77},[55,152585,74],{"class":73},[55,152587,83],{"class":69},[55,152589,86],{"class":73},[55,152591,57724],{"class":77},[55,152593,74],{"class":73},[55,152595,103],{"class":69},[55,152597,152598,152600,152602,152604,152606,152608,152610,152612,152614,152616],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,152599,1814],{"class":61},[55,152601,66],{"class":65},[55,152603,108111],{"class":61},[55,152605,198],{"class":69},[55,152607,383],{"class":123},[55,152609,120],{"class":69},[55,152611,74],{"class":73},[55,152613,57724],{"class":77},[55,152615,74],{"class":73},[55,152617,103],{"class":69},[55,152619,152620,152622,152624,152626],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,152621,117],{"class":116},[55,152623,120],{"class":69},[55,152625,1849],{"class":123},[55,152627,103],{"class":69},[14,152629,314],{},[45,152631,152632],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,152633,152634],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152635,152636],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152637,46515],{"class":130},[37,152639,152641],{"id":152640},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[14,152643,1440,152644,10199],{},[52,152645,148777],{},[21,152647,152648,152650,152653],{},[24,152649,65693],{},[24,152651,152652],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[24,152654,152655],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[14,152657,152658,152659,152662,152663,198],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[52,152660,152661],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[194,152664,149243],{"href":1548},[37,152666,65226],{"id":65225},[14,152668,152669,152670,198],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[52,152671,40300],{},[14,152673,233],{},[45,152675,152677],{"className":47,"code":152676,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[52,152678,152679,152711],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152680,152681,152683,152685,152687,152689,152691,152693,152695,152697,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152682,62],{"class":61},[55,152684,66],{"class":65},[55,152686,70],{"class":69},[55,152688,74],{"class":73},[55,152690,78],{"class":77},[55,152692,74],{"class":73},[55,152694,83],{"class":69},[55,152696,86],{"class":73},[55,152698,98],{"class":77},[55,152700,74],{"class":73},[55,152702,83],{"class":69},[55,152704,86],{"class":73},[55,152706,89],{"class":77},[55,152708,74],{"class":73},[55,152710,103],{"class":69},[55,152712,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,152714,117],{"class":116},[55,152716,120],{"class":69},[55,152718,124],{"class":123},[55,152720,198],{"class":69},[55,152722,383],{"class":123},[55,152724,120],{"class":69},[55,152726,74],{"class":73},[55,152728,1285],{"class":77},[55,152730,74],{"class":73},[55,152732,1357],{"class":69},[14,152734,39249,152735,152737],{},[52,152736,109393],{}," is not in the tuple.",[14,152739,65301],{},[45,152741,152743],{"className":47,"code":152742,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[52,152744,152745,152777,152781,152797,152819,152825],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152746,152747,152749,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152748,62],{"class":61},[55,152750,66],{"class":65},[55,152752,70],{"class":69},[55,152754,74],{"class":73},[55,152756,78],{"class":77},[55,152758,74],{"class":73},[55,152760,83],{"class":69},[55,152762,86],{"class":73},[55,152764,98],{"class":77},[55,152766,74],{"class":73},[55,152768,83],{"class":69},[55,152770,86],{"class":73},[55,152772,89],{"class":77},[55,152774,74],{"class":73},[55,152776,103],{"class":69},[55,152778,152779],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,152780,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,152782,152783,152785,152787,152789,152791,152793,152795],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,152784,960],{"class":959},[55,152786,86],{"class":73},[55,152788,1285],{"class":77},[55,152790,74],{"class":73},[55,152792,20770],{"class":65},[55,152794,12721],{"class":61},[55,152796,979],{"class":69},[55,152798,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807,152809,152811,152813,152815,152817],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,152800,985],{"class":116},[55,152802,120],{"class":69},[55,152804,124],{"class":123},[55,152806,198],{"class":69},[55,152808,383],{"class":123},[55,152810,120],{"class":69},[55,152812,74],{"class":73},[55,152814,1285],{"class":77},[55,152816,74],{"class":73},[55,152818,1357],{"class":69},[55,152820,152821,152823],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,152822,27030],{"class":959},[55,152824,979],{"class":69},[55,152826,152827,152829,152831,152833,152836,152838],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,152828,985],{"class":116},[55,152830,120],{"class":69},[55,152832,74],{"class":73},[55,152834,152835],{"class":77},"Value not found",[55,152837,74],{"class":73},[55,152839,103],{"class":69},[14,152841,314],{},[45,152843,152845],{"className":47,"code":152844,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Value not found\n",[52,152846,152847],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152848,152849,152852,152854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152850,152851],{"class":61},"Value ",[55,152853,4222],{"class":65},[55,152855,65425],{"class":61},[14,152857,152858,152859,198],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[194,152860,65435],{"href":65434},[37,152862,8012,152863,3983,152865],{"id":65002},[52,152864,35671],{},[52,152866,52256],{},[14,152868,1563,152869,3983,152871,152873],{},[52,152870,35671],{},[52,152872,52256],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[14,152875,152876],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[14,152878,233],{},[45,152880,152882],{"className":47,"code":152881,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[52,152883,152884,152912,152916,152937,152961],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,152885,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,152887,3413],{"class":61},[55,152889,66],{"class":65},[55,152891,70],{"class":69},[55,152893,817],{"class":130},[55,152895,83],{"class":69},[55,152897,5598],{"class":130},[55,152899,83],{"class":69},[55,152901,4196],{"class":130},[55,152903,83],{"class":69},[55,152905,255],{"class":130},[55,152907,83],{"class":69},[55,152909,4196],{"class":130},[55,152911,103],{"class":69},[55,152913,152914],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,152915,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,152917,152918,152920,152922,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,152919,117],{"class":116},[55,152921,120],{"class":69},[55,152923,4951],{"class":123},[55,152925,198],{"class":69},[55,152927,383],{"class":123},[55,152929,120],{"class":69},[55,152931,817],{"class":130},[55,152933,947],{"class":69},[55,152935,152936],{"class":137},"        # 0\n",[55,152938,152939,152941,152943,152945,152947,152949,152951,152953,152955,152957,152959],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,152940,117],{"class":116},[55,152942,120],{"class":69},[55,152944,4951],{"class":123},[55,152946,198],{"class":69},[55,152948,383],{"class":123},[55,152950,120],{"class":69},[55,152952,817],{"class":130},[55,152954,83],{"class":69},[55,152956,5090],{"class":130},[55,152958,947],{"class":69},[55,152960,50548],{"class":137},[55,152962,152963,152965,152967,152969,152971,152973,152975,152977,152979,152981,152983,152985,152987],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,152964,117],{"class":116},[55,152966,120],{"class":69},[55,152968,4951],{"class":123},[55,152970,198],{"class":69},[55,152972,383],{"class":123},[55,152974,120],{"class":69},[55,152976,817],{"class":130},[55,152978,83],{"class":69},[55,152980,2036],{"class":130},[55,152982,83],{"class":69},[55,152984,4196],{"class":130},[55,152986,947],{"class":69},[55,152988,50531],{"class":137},[1425,152990,152992],{"id":152991},"how-it-works","How it works",[21,152994,152995,153000,153005],{},[24,152996,152997,152999],{},[52,152998,35671],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[24,153001,153002,153004],{},[52,153003,52256],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[24,153006,1563,153007,153009],{},[52,153008,52256],{}," position itself is not included",[14,153011,233],{},[45,153013,153015],{"className":47,"code":153014,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[52,153016,153017,153045,153049],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,153018,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153020,3413],{"class":61},[55,153022,66],{"class":65},[55,153024,70],{"class":69},[55,153026,817],{"class":130},[55,153028,83],{"class":69},[55,153030,5598],{"class":130},[55,153032,83],{"class":69},[55,153034,4196],{"class":130},[55,153036,83],{"class":69},[55,153038,255],{"class":130},[55,153040,83],{"class":69},[55,153042,4196],{"class":130},[55,153044,103],{"class":69},[55,153046,153047],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,153048,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,153050,153051,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,153052,117],{"class":116},[55,153054,120],{"class":69},[55,153056,4951],{"class":123},[55,153058,198],{"class":69},[55,153060,383],{"class":123},[55,153062,120],{"class":69},[55,153064,817],{"class":130},[55,153066,83],{"class":69},[55,153068,5090],{"class":130},[55,153070,83],{"class":69},[55,153072,2042],{"class":130},[55,153074,1357],{"class":69},[14,153076,314],{},[45,153078,153079],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,153080,153081],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,153082,153083],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153084,16654],{"class":130},[14,153086,153087,153088,1773,153090,16670,153092,153094,153095,198],{},"Python searches positions ",[52,153089,152],{},[52,153091,309],{},[52,153093,609],{},", but not ",[52,153096,2091],{},[37,153098,153100],{"id":153099},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[14,153102,153103,153104,854],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[52,153105,148777],{},[21,153107,153108,153116,153121,153128],{},[24,153109,153110,153111,153113,153114],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3332,153112,2058],{}," with the ",[3332,153115,383],{},[24,153117,153118,153119],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[52,153120,131],{},[24,153122,1440,153123,153127],{},[194,153124,148803,153125,10339],{"href":148854},[52,153126,56887],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[24,153129,153130,153131,153133],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[52,153132,152661],{}," when you already know the position",[14,153135,153136],{},"Example of value vs index:",[45,153138,153140],{"className":47,"code":153139,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[52,153141,153142,153174,153178,153202],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,153143,153144,153146,153148,153150,153152,153154,153156,153158,153160,153162,153164,153166,153168,153170,153172],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153145,398],{"class":61},[55,153147,66],{"class":65},[55,153149,70],{"class":69},[55,153151,74],{"class":73},[55,153153,407],{"class":77},[55,153155,74],{"class":73},[55,153157,83],{"class":69},[55,153159,86],{"class":73},[55,153161,416],{"class":77},[55,153163,74],{"class":73},[55,153165,83],{"class":69},[55,153167,86],{"class":73},[55,153169,32820],{"class":77},[55,153171,74],{"class":73},[55,153173,103],{"class":69},[55,153175,153176],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,153177,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,153179,153180,153182,153184,153186,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,153181,117],{"class":116},[55,153183,120],{"class":69},[55,153185,442],{"class":123},[55,153187,198],{"class":69},[55,153189,383],{"class":123},[55,153191,120],{"class":69},[55,153193,74],{"class":73},[55,153195,416],{"class":77},[55,153197,74],{"class":73},[55,153199,947],{"class":69},[55,153201,27376],{"class":137},[55,153203,153204,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,153205,117],{"class":116},[55,153207,120],{"class":69},[55,153209,442],{"class":123},[55,153211,127],{"class":69},[55,153213,152],{"class":130},[55,153215,134],{"class":69},[55,153217,153218],{"class":137},"               # banana\n",[14,153220,1762],{},[21,153222,153223,153227],{},[24,153224,153225,14844],{},[52,153226,64870],{},[24,153228,153229,153231],{},[52,153230,152],{}," is the index",[37,153233,1298],{"id":1297},[14,153235,105707,153236,854],{},[52,153237,148777],{},[21,153239,153240,153243,153248,153253,153260],{},[24,153241,153242],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[24,153244,8048,153245,153247],{},[52,153246,58565],{}," to return all matching positions",[24,153249,153250,153251],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[52,153252,131],{},[24,153254,153255,153256,3983,153258],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[52,153257,35671],{},[52,153259,52256],{},[24,153261,36800,153262,153264],{},[52,153263,148777],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[1425,153266,60307],{"id":60306},[14,153268,93970],{},[45,153270,153272],{"className":47,"code":153271,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[52,153273,153274,153284,153298,153313,153331],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,153275,153276,153278,153280,153282],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153277,117],{"class":116},[55,153279,120],{"class":69},[55,153281,1340],{"class":123},[55,153283,103],{"class":69},[55,153285,153286,153288,153290,153292,153294,153296],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,153287,117],{"class":116},[55,153289,120],{"class":69},[55,153291,940],{"class":116},[55,153293,120],{"class":69},[55,153295,1340],{"class":123},[55,153297,1357],{"class":69},[55,153299,153300,153302,153304,153306,153308,153311],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,153301,117],{"class":116},[55,153303,120],{"class":69},[55,153305,2031],{"class":123},[55,153307,3474],{"class":959},[55,153309,153310],{"class":123}," my_tuple",[55,153312,103],{"class":69},[55,153314,153315,153317,153319,153321,153323,153325,153327,153329],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,153316,117],{"class":116},[55,153318,120],{"class":69},[55,153320,1340],{"class":123},[55,153322,198],{"class":69},[55,153324,40856],{"class":123},[55,153326,120],{"class":69},[55,153328,2058],{"class":123},[55,153330,1357],{"class":69},[55,153332,153333,153335,153337,153339,153341,153343,153345,153347],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,153334,117],{"class":116},[55,153336,120],{"class":69},[55,153338,1340],{"class":123},[55,153340,198],{"class":69},[55,153342,383],{"class":123},[55,153344,120],{"class":69},[55,153346,2058],{"class":123},[55,153348,1357],{"class":69},[14,153350,153351,153352,83987,153354,153356],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[52,153353,40300],{},[52,153355,2058],{}," is missing.",[14,153358,129213],{},[45,153360,153362],{"className":47,"code":153361,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[52,153363,153364,153376,153394,153400],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,153365,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,153367,960],{"class":959},[55,153369,21181],{"class":61},[55,153371,3474],{"class":65},[55,153373,153310],{"class":61},[55,153375,979],{"class":69},[55,153377,153378,153380,153382,153384,153386,153388,153390,153392],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,153379,985],{"class":116},[55,153381,120],{"class":69},[55,153383,1340],{"class":123},[55,153385,198],{"class":69},[55,153387,383],{"class":123},[55,153389,120],{"class":69},[55,153391,2058],{"class":123},[55,153393,1357],{"class":69},[55,153395,153396,153398],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,153397,27030],{"class":959},[55,153399,979],{"class":69},[55,153401,153402,153404,153406,153408,153410,153412],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,153403,985],{"class":116},[55,153405,120],{"class":69},[55,153407,74],{"class":73},[55,153409,152835],{"class":77},[55,153411,74],{"class":73},[55,153413,103],{"class":69},[37,153415,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,153417,4733,153419,12316],{"id":153418},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[52,153420,148777],{},[14,153422,153423],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[1425,153425,153427],{"id":153426},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[14,153429,153430,152299],{},[52,153431,148777],{},[1425,153433,148756],{"id":148755},[14,153435,76449,153436,198],{},[52,153437,40300],{},[1425,153439,153441],{"id":153440},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[14,153443,153444,153445,3983,153447,153449],{},"Yes. You can use ",[52,153446,35671],{},[52,153448,52256],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[1425,153451,14500,153453,56802,153455,2078],{"id":153452},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[52,153454,148777],{},[52,153456,64461],{},[14,153458,153459],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[37,153461,1495],{"id":1494},[21,153463,153464,153470,153474,153479,153483],{},[24,153465,153466],{},[194,153467,148803,153468,10339],{"href":148854},[52,153469,56887],{},[24,153471,153472],{},[194,153473,149243],{"href":1548},[24,153475,153476],{},[194,153477,153478],{"href":150546},"Creating a tuple in Python",[24,153480,153481],{},[194,153482,65435],{"href":65434},[24,153484,153485],{},[194,153486,150494],{"href":152304},[1524,153488,153489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154807,"toc":156652},[154808,154814,154819,154870,154874,154882,154888,154890,154906,154908,154911,154926,154928,154941,154943,155000,155004,155012,155019,155025,155031,155035,155086,155090,155098,155102,155131,155135,155143,155147,155180,155184,155192,155196,155199,155250,155254,155262,155264,155281,155285,155289,155348,155352,155360,155363,155390,155394,155402,155406,155412,155487,155491,155528,155536,155540,155603,155607,155615,155620,155624,155630,155673,155677,155685,155691,155694,155741,155745,155753,155762,155768,155823,155827,155835,155838,155842,155844,155875,155879,155898,155901,155946,155950,155973,155979,155984,155986,156033,156038,156041,156089,156093,156101,156105,156110,156114,156164,156168,156183,156187,156245,156249,156264,156268,156339,156343,156352,156356,156435,156439,156461,156469,156471,156474,156499,156501,156554,156556,156573,156575,156579,156585,156590,156595,156599,156604,156608,156613,156619,156622,156624,156649],[10,154809,154811,154812,970],{"id":154810},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[52,154813,940],{},[14,154815,1440,154816,154818],{},[52,154817,889],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[45,154820,154822],{"className":47,"code":154821,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[52,154823,154824,154856],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,154825,154826,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840,154842,154844,154846,154848,154850,154852,154854],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154827,62],{"class":61},[55,154829,66],{"class":65},[55,154831,70],{"class":69},[55,154833,74],{"class":73},[55,154835,78],{"class":77},[55,154837,74],{"class":73},[55,154839,83],{"class":69},[55,154841,86],{"class":73},[55,154843,89],{"class":77},[55,154845,74],{"class":73},[55,154847,83],{"class":69},[55,154849,86],{"class":73},[55,154851,98],{"class":77},[55,154853,74],{"class":73},[55,154855,103],{"class":69},[55,154857,154858,154860,154862,154864,154866,154868],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,154859,117],{"class":116},[55,154861,120],{"class":69},[55,154863,940],{"class":116},[55,154865,120],{"class":69},[55,154867,124],{"class":123},[55,154869,1357],{"class":69},[14,154871,154872],{},[3332,154873,314],{},[45,154875,154876],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,154877,154878],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,154879,154880],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154881,46215],{"class":130},[14,154883,1440,154884,154887],{},[52,154885,154886],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[37,154889,14760],{"id":14759},[21,154891,154892,154897,154901,154904],{},[24,154893,3787,154894,154896],{},[52,154895,889],{}," works with tuples",[24,154898,67853,154899,11304],{},[52,154900,889],{},[24,154902,154903],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[24,154905,4109],{},[37,154907,1740],{"id":1739},[14,154909,154910],{},"Use this pattern:",[45,154912,154914],{"className":47,"code":154913,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"len(my_tuple)\n",[52,154915,154916],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,154917,154918,154920,154922,154924],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154919,940],{"class":116},[55,154921,120],{"class":69},[55,154923,1340],{"class":123},[55,154925,103],{"class":69},[14,154927,211],{},[21,154929,154930,154933,154936],{},[24,154931,154932],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[24,154934,154935],{},"The result is an integer",[24,154937,154938,154940],{},[52,154939,889],{}," does not change the tuple",[14,154942,233],{},[45,154944,154946],{"className":47,"code":154945,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[52,154947,154948,154972,154986,154990],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,154949,154950,154952,154954,154956,154958,154960,154962,154964,154966,154968,154970],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,154951,243],{"class":61},[55,154953,66],{"class":65},[55,154955,70],{"class":69},[55,154957,250],{"class":130},[55,154959,83],{"class":69},[55,154961,255],{"class":130},[55,154963,83],{"class":69},[55,154965,260],{"class":130},[55,154967,83],{"class":69},[55,154969,1051],{"class":130},[55,154971,103],{"class":69},[55,154973,154974,154976,154978,154980,154982,154984],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,154975,40838],{"class":61},[55,154977,66],{"class":65},[55,154979,963],{"class":116},[55,154981,120],{"class":69},[55,154983,275],{"class":123},[55,154985,103],{"class":69},[55,154987,154988],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,154989,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,154991,154992,154994,154996,154998],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,154993,117],{"class":116},[55,154995,120],{"class":69},[55,154997,40856],{"class":123},[55,154999,103],{"class":69},[14,155001,155002],{},[3332,155003,314],{},[45,155005,155006],{"className":47,"code":48248,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155007,155008],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155009,155010],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155011,48248],{"class":130},[14,155013,155014,155015,198],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[194,155016,3165,155017,3098],{"href":41955},[52,155018,889],{},[37,155020,3265,155022,155024],{"id":155021},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[52,155023,889],{}," returns for a tuple",[14,155026,155027,155028,155030],{},"For a tuple, ",[52,155029,889],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1425,155032,155034],{"id":155033},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[45,155036,155038],{"className":47,"code":155037,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[52,155039,155040,155072],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155041,155042,155044,155046,155048,155050,155052,155054,155056,155058,155060,155062,155064,155066,155068,155070],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155043,398],{"class":61},[55,155045,66],{"class":65},[55,155047,70],{"class":69},[55,155049,74],{"class":73},[55,155051,407],{"class":77},[55,155053,74],{"class":73},[55,155055,83],{"class":69},[55,155057,86],{"class":73},[55,155059,416],{"class":77},[55,155061,74],{"class":73},[55,155063,83],{"class":69},[55,155065,86],{"class":73},[55,155067,32820],{"class":77},[55,155069,74],{"class":73},[55,155071,103],{"class":69},[55,155073,155074,155076,155078,155080,155082,155084],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155075,117],{"class":116},[55,155077,120],{"class":69},[55,155079,940],{"class":116},[55,155081,120],{"class":69},[55,155083,442],{"class":123},[55,155085,1357],{"class":69},[14,155087,155088],{},[3332,155089,314],{},[45,155091,155092],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155093,155094],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155095,155096],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155097,46215],{"class":130},[1425,155099,155101],{"id":155100},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[45,155103,155105],{"className":47,"code":155104,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[52,155106,155107,155116],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155108,155109,155112,155114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155110,155111],{"class":61},"empty_tuple ",[55,155113,66],{"class":65},[55,155115,148913],{"class":69},[55,155117,155118,155120,155122,155124,155126,155129],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155119,117],{"class":116},[55,155121,120],{"class":69},[55,155123,940],{"class":116},[55,155125,120],{"class":69},[55,155127,155128],{"class":123},"empty_tuple",[55,155130,1357],{"class":69},[14,155132,155133],{},[3332,155134,314],{},[45,155136,155137],{"className":47,"code":46850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155138,155139],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155140,155141],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155142,46850],{"class":130},[1425,155144,155146],{"id":155145},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[45,155148,155150],{"className":47,"code":155149,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[52,155151,155152,155165],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155153,155154,155157,155159,155161,155163],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155155,155156],{"class":61},"single_value ",[55,155158,66],{"class":65},[55,155160,70],{"class":69},[55,155162,817],{"class":130},[55,155164,148927],{"class":69},[55,155166,155167,155169,155171,155173,155175,155178],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155168,117],{"class":116},[55,155170,120],{"class":69},[55,155172,940],{"class":116},[55,155174,120],{"class":69},[55,155176,155177],{"class":123},"single_value",[55,155179,1357],{"class":69},[14,155181,155182],{},[3332,155183,314],{},[45,155185,155186],{"className":47,"code":46515,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155187,155188],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155189,155190],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155191,46515],{"class":130},[1425,155193,155195],{"id":155194},"nested-items","Nested items",[14,155197,155198],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[45,155200,155202],{"className":47,"code":155201,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[52,155203,155204,155236],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155205,155206,155208,155210,155212,155214,155216,155218,155220,155222,155224,155226,155228,155230,155232,155234],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155207,8763],{"class":61},[55,155209,66],{"class":65},[55,155211,70],{"class":69},[55,155213,152],{"class":130},[55,155215,83],{"class":69},[55,155217,70],{"class":69},[55,155219,309],{"class":130},[55,155221,83],{"class":69},[55,155223,2036],{"class":130},[55,155225,8831],{"class":69},[55,155227,3211],{"class":69},[55,155229,2091],{"class":130},[55,155231,83],{"class":69},[55,155233,4196],{"class":130},[55,155235,282],{"class":69},[55,155237,155238,155240,155242,155244,155246,155248],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155239,117],{"class":116},[55,155241,120],{"class":69},[55,155243,940],{"class":116},[55,155245,120],{"class":69},[55,155247,8802],{"class":123},[55,155249,1357],{"class":69},[14,155251,155252],{},[3332,155253,314],{},[45,155255,155256],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155257,155258],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155259,155260],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155261,46215],{"class":130},[14,155263,19554],{},[21,155265,155266,155271,155276],{},[24,155267,155268,155270],{},[52,155269,152],{}," is one item",[24,155272,155273,155270],{},[52,155274,155275],{},"(2, 3)",[24,155277,155278,155270],{},[52,155279,155280],{},"[4, 5]",[37,155282,155284],{"id":155283},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[1425,155286,155288],{"id":155287},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[45,155290,155292],{"className":47,"code":155291,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[52,155293,155294,155334],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155295,155296,155298,155300,155302,155304,155306,155308,155310,155312,155314,155316,155318,155320,155322,155324,155326,155328,155330,155332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155297,62],{"class":61},[55,155299,66],{"class":65},[55,155301,70],{"class":69},[55,155303,74],{"class":73},[55,155305,78],{"class":77},[55,155307,74],{"class":73},[55,155309,83],{"class":69},[55,155311,86],{"class":73},[55,155313,89],{"class":77},[55,155315,74],{"class":73},[55,155317,83],{"class":69},[55,155319,86],{"class":73},[55,155321,98],{"class":77},[55,155323,74],{"class":73},[55,155325,83],{"class":69},[55,155327,86],{"class":73},[55,155329,1285],{"class":77},[55,155331,74],{"class":73},[55,155333,103],{"class":69},[55,155335,155336,155338,155340,155342,155344,155346],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155337,117],{"class":116},[55,155339,120],{"class":69},[55,155341,940],{"class":116},[55,155343,120],{"class":69},[55,155345,124],{"class":123},[55,155347,1357],{"class":69},[14,155349,155350],{},[3332,155351,314],{},[45,155353,155354],{"className":47,"code":48248,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155355,155356],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155357,155358],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155359,48248],{"class":130},[1425,155361,155101],{"id":155362},"empty-tuple-1",[45,155364,155366],{"className":47,"code":155365,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[52,155367,155368,155376],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155369,155370,155372,155374],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155371,7375],{"class":61},[55,155373,66],{"class":65},[55,155375,148913],{"class":69},[55,155377,155378,155380,155382,155384,155386,155388],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155379,117],{"class":116},[55,155381,120],{"class":69},[55,155383,940],{"class":116},[55,155385,120],{"class":69},[55,155387,7404],{"class":123},[55,155389,1357],{"class":69},[14,155391,155392],{},[3332,155393,314],{},[45,155395,155396],{"className":47,"code":46850,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155397,155398],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155399,155400],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155401,46850],{"class":130},[1425,155403,155405],{"id":155404},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[14,155407,155408,155409,155411],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3332,155410,4222],{}," always a tuple.",[45,155413,155415],{"className":47,"code":155414,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[52,155416,155417,155429,155441,155445,155459,155473],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155418,155419,155421,155423,155425,155427],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155420,2141],{"class":61},[55,155422,66],{"class":65},[55,155424,70],{"class":69},[55,155426,817],{"class":130},[55,155428,103],{"class":69},[55,155430,155431,155433,155435,155437,155439],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155432,2169],{"class":61},[55,155434,66],{"class":65},[55,155436,70],{"class":69},[55,155438,817],{"class":130},[55,155440,148927],{"class":69},[55,155442,155443],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,155444,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,155446,155447,155449,155451,155453,155455,155457],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,155448,117],{"class":116},[55,155450,120],{"class":69},[55,155452,1396],{"class":850},[55,155454,120],{"class":69},[55,155456,194],{"class":123},[55,155458,1357],{"class":69},[55,155460,155461,155463,155465,155467,155469,155471],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,155462,117],{"class":116},[55,155464,120],{"class":69},[55,155466,1396],{"class":850},[55,155468,120],{"class":69},[55,155470,786],{"class":123},[55,155472,1357],{"class":69},[55,155474,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,155476,117],{"class":116},[55,155478,120],{"class":69},[55,155480,940],{"class":116},[55,155482,120],{"class":69},[55,155484,786],{"class":123},[55,155486,1357],{"class":69},[14,155488,155489],{},[3332,155490,314],{},[45,155492,155494],{"className":47,"code":155493,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[52,155495,155496,155510,155524],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155497,155498,155500,155502,155504,155506,155508],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155499,2878],{"class":65},[55,155501,2881],{"class":1648},[55,155503,2884],{"class":73},[55,155505,1772],{"class":77},[55,155507,2889],{"class":73},[55,155509,2892],{"class":65},[55,155511,155512,155514,155516,155518,155520,155522],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155513,2878],{"class":65},[55,155515,2881],{"class":1648},[55,155517,2884],{"class":73},[55,155519,48551],{"class":77},[55,155521,2889],{"class":73},[55,155523,2892],{"class":65},[55,155525,155526],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,155527,46515],{"class":130},[14,155529,155530,155531,3983,155534,198],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[194,155532,155533],{"href":196},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[194,155535,148875],{"href":148874},[1425,155537,155539],{"id":155538},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[45,155541,155543],{"className":47,"code":155542,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[52,155544,155545,155589],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155546,155547,155549,155551,155553,155555,155557,155559,155561,155563,155565,155567,155569,155571,155573,155575,155577,155579,155581,155583,155585,155587],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155548,59069],{"class":61},[55,155550,66],{"class":65},[55,155552,70],{"class":69},[55,155554,74],{"class":73},[55,155556,407],{"class":77},[55,155558,74],{"class":73},[55,155560,83],{"class":69},[55,155562,3211],{"class":69},[55,155564,152],{"class":130},[55,155566,83],{"class":69},[55,155568,976],{"class":130},[55,155570,17659],{"class":69},[55,155572,70],{"class":69},[55,155574,74],{"class":73},[55,155576,1757],{"class":77},[55,155578,74],{"class":73},[55,155580,83],{"class":69},[55,155582,86],{"class":73},[55,155584,11344],{"class":77},[55,155586,74],{"class":73},[55,155588,1357],{"class":69},[55,155590,155591,155593,155595,155597,155599,155601],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155592,117],{"class":116},[55,155594,120],{"class":69},[55,155596,940],{"class":116},[55,155598,120],{"class":69},[55,155600,59122],{"class":123},[55,155602,1357],{"class":69},[14,155604,155605],{},[3332,155606,314],{},[45,155608,155609],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155610,155611],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155612,155613],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155614,46215],{"class":130},[14,155616,155617,155619],{},[52,155618,889],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[37,155621,155623],{"id":155622},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[1425,155625,155627,155629],{"id":155626},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[52,155628,889],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[45,155631,155633],{"className":47,"code":155632,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[52,155634,155635,155659],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155636,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155638,3661],{"class":61},[55,155640,66],{"class":65},[55,155642,70],{"class":69},[55,155644,74],{"class":73},[55,155646,63191],{"class":77},[55,155648,74],{"class":73},[55,155650,83],{"class":69},[55,155652,86],{"class":73},[55,155654,49],{"class":77},[55,155656,74],{"class":73},[55,155658,103],{"class":69},[55,155660,155661,155663,155665,155667,155669,155671],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155662,117],{"class":116},[55,155664,120],{"class":69},[55,155666,940],{"class":116},[55,155668,120],{"class":69},[55,155670,3702],{"class":123},[55,155672,1357],{"class":69},[14,155674,155675],{},[3332,155676,314],{},[45,155678,155679],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155680,155681],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155682,155683],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155684,16654],{"class":130},[14,155686,155687,155688,155690],{},"This result is ",[52,155689,309],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[14,155692,155693],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[45,155695,155697],{"className":47,"code":155696,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[52,155698,155699,155723],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155700,155701,155703,155705,155707,155709,155711,155713,155715,155717,155719,155721],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155702,3661],{"class":61},[55,155704,66],{"class":65},[55,155706,70],{"class":69},[55,155708,74],{"class":73},[55,155710,63191],{"class":77},[55,155712,74],{"class":73},[55,155714,83],{"class":69},[55,155716,86],{"class":73},[55,155718,49],{"class":77},[55,155720,74],{"class":73},[55,155722,103],{"class":69},[55,155724,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737,155739],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155726,117],{"class":116},[55,155728,120],{"class":69},[55,155730,940],{"class":116},[55,155732,120],{"class":69},[55,155734,3702],{"class":123},[55,155736,127],{"class":69},[55,155738,131],{"class":130},[55,155740,2586],{"class":69},[14,155742,155743],{},[3332,155744,314],{},[45,155746,155747],{"className":47,"code":16654,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155748,155749],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155750,155751],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155752,16654],{"class":130},[14,155754,20367,155755,155758,155759,198],{},[52,155756,155757],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[52,155760,155761],{},"\"hi\"",[1425,155763,155765,155767],{"id":155764},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[52,155766,889],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[45,155769,155771],{"className":47,"code":155770,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[52,155772,155773,155809],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155774,155775,155777,155779,155781,155783,155785,155787,155789,155791,155793,155795,155797,155799,155801,155803,155805,155807],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155776,3413],{"class":61},[55,155778,66],{"class":65},[55,155780,9592],{"class":69},[55,155782,152],{"class":130},[55,155784,83],{"class":69},[55,155786,976],{"class":130},[55,155788,8831],{"class":69},[55,155790,70],{"class":69},[55,155792,609],{"class":130},[55,155794,83],{"class":69},[55,155796,2042],{"class":130},[55,155798,8831],{"class":69},[55,155800,70],{"class":69},[55,155802,817],{"class":130},[55,155804,83],{"class":69},[55,155806,37240],{"class":130},[55,155808,1357],{"class":69},[55,155810,155811,155813,155815,155817,155819,155821],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155812,117],{"class":116},[55,155814,120],{"class":69},[55,155816,940],{"class":116},[55,155818,120],{"class":69},[55,155820,4951],{"class":123},[55,155822,1357],{"class":69},[14,155824,155825],{},[3332,155826,314],{},[45,155828,155829],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,155830,155831],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155832,155833],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155834,46215],{"class":130},[14,155836,155837],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[1425,155839,155841],{"id":155840},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[14,155843,25287],{},[45,155845,155847],{"className":47,"code":155846,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[52,155848,155849,155861],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155850,155851,155853,155855,155857,155859],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155852,2031],{"class":61},[55,155854,66],{"class":65},[55,155856,70],{"class":69},[55,155858,250],{"class":130},[55,155860,103],{"class":69},[55,155862,155863,155865,155867,155869,155871,155873],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155864,117],{"class":116},[55,155866,120],{"class":69},[55,155868,1396],{"class":850},[55,155870,120],{"class":69},[55,155872,2058],{"class":123},[55,155874,1357],{"class":69},[14,155876,155877],{},[3332,155878,314],{},[45,155880,155882],{"className":47,"code":155881,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[52,155883,155884],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155885,155886,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155887,2878],{"class":65},[55,155889,2881],{"class":1648},[55,155891,2884],{"class":73},[55,155893,1772],{"class":77},[55,155895,2889],{"class":73},[55,155897,2892],{"class":65},[14,155899,155900],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[45,155902,155904],{"className":47,"code":155903,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[52,155905,155906,155918,155932],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155907,155908,155910,155912,155914,155916],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155909,2031],{"class":61},[55,155911,66],{"class":65},[55,155913,70],{"class":69},[55,155915,250],{"class":130},[55,155917,148927],{"class":69},[55,155919,155920,155922,155924,155926,155928,155930],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155921,117],{"class":116},[55,155923,120],{"class":69},[55,155925,1396],{"class":850},[55,155927,120],{"class":69},[55,155929,2058],{"class":123},[55,155931,1357],{"class":69},[55,155933,155934,155936,155938,155940,155942,155944],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,155935,117],{"class":116},[55,155937,120],{"class":69},[55,155939,940],{"class":116},[55,155941,120],{"class":69},[55,155943,2058],{"class":123},[55,155945,1357],{"class":69},[14,155947,155948],{},[3332,155949,314],{},[45,155951,155953],{"className":47,"code":155952,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[52,155954,155955,155969],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155956,155957,155959,155961,155963,155965,155967],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155958,2878],{"class":65},[55,155960,2881],{"class":1648},[55,155962,2884],{"class":73},[55,155964,48551],{"class":77},[55,155966,2889],{"class":73},[55,155968,2892],{"class":65},[55,155970,155971],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,155972,46515],{"class":130},[1425,155974,155976,155978],{"id":155975},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[52,155977,940],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[14,155980,44026,155981,155983],{},[52,155982,940],{}," as a variable name.",[14,155985,44057],{},[45,155987,155989],{"className":47,"code":155988,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[52,155990,155991,155999,156019],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,155992,155993,155995,155997],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,155994,940],{"class":116},[55,155996,1280],{"class":65},[55,155998,2174],{"class":130},[55,156000,156001,156003,156005,156007,156009,156011,156013,156015,156017],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156002,243],{"class":61},[55,156004,66],{"class":65},[55,156006,70],{"class":69},[55,156008,152],{"class":130},[55,156010,83],{"class":69},[55,156012,976],{"class":130},[55,156014,83],{"class":69},[55,156016,2036],{"class":130},[55,156018,103],{"class":69},[55,156020,156021,156023,156025,156027,156029,156031],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156022,117],{"class":116},[55,156024,120],{"class":69},[55,156026,940],{"class":116},[55,156028,120],{"class":69},[55,156030,275],{"class":123},[55,156032,1357],{"class":69},[14,156034,39249,156035,156037],{},[52,156036,940],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[14,156039,156040],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[45,156042,156044],{"className":47,"code":156043,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[52,156045,156046,156055,156075],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156047,156048,156051,156053],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156049,156050],{"class":61},"length_value ",[55,156052,66],{"class":65},[55,156054,2174],{"class":130},[55,156056,156057,156059,156061,156063,156065,156067,156069,156071,156073],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156058,243],{"class":61},[55,156060,66],{"class":65},[55,156062,70],{"class":69},[55,156064,152],{"class":130},[55,156066,83],{"class":69},[55,156068,976],{"class":130},[55,156070,83],{"class":69},[55,156072,2036],{"class":130},[55,156074,103],{"class":69},[55,156076,156077,156079,156081,156083,156085,156087],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156078,117],{"class":116},[55,156080,120],{"class":69},[55,156082,940],{"class":116},[55,156084,120],{"class":69},[55,156086,275],{"class":123},[55,156088,1357],{"class":69},[14,156090,156091],{},[3332,156092,314],{},[45,156094,156095],{"className":47,"code":46215,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,156096,156097],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156098,156099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156100,46215],{"class":130},[37,156102,156104],{"id":156103},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[14,156106,156107,156109],{},[52,156108,889],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[1425,156111,156113],{"id":156112},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[45,156115,156117],{"className":47,"code":156116,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[52,156118,156119,156127,156131,156149],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156120,156121,156123,156125],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156122,7375],{"class":61},[55,156124,66],{"class":65},[55,156126,148913],{"class":69},[55,156128,156129],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156130,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,156132,156133,156135,156137,156139,156141,156143,156145,156147],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156134,960],{"class":959},[55,156136,963],{"class":116},[55,156138,120],{"class":69},[55,156140,7404],{"class":123},[55,156142,970],{"class":69},[55,156144,6002],{"class":65},[55,156146,3424],{"class":130},[55,156148,979],{"class":69},[55,156150,156151,156153,156155,156157,156160,156162],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,156152,985],{"class":116},[55,156154,120],{"class":69},[55,156156,74],{"class":73},[55,156158,156159],{"class":77},"The tuple is empty",[55,156161,74],{"class":73},[55,156163,103],{"class":69},[14,156165,156166],{},[3332,156167,314],{},[45,156169,156171],{"className":47,"code":156170,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"The tuple is empty\n",[52,156172,156173],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156174,156175,156177,156179,156181],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156176,1563],{"class":61},[55,156178,48551],{"class":850},[55,156180,7691],{"class":65},[55,156182,7697],{"class":61},[1425,156184,156186],{"id":156185},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[45,156188,156190],{"className":47,"code":156189,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[52,156191,156192,156208,156212,156230],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156193,156194,156196,156198,156200,156202,156204,156206],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156195,50981],{"class":61},[55,156197,66],{"class":65},[55,156199,70],{"class":69},[55,156201,2091],{"class":130},[55,156203,83],{"class":69},[55,156205,5587],{"class":130},[55,156207,103],{"class":69},[55,156209,156210],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156211,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,156213,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156215,960],{"class":959},[55,156217,963],{"class":116},[55,156219,120],{"class":69},[55,156221,51006],{"class":123},[55,156223,970],{"class":69},[55,156225,6002],{"class":65},[55,156227,976],{"class":130},[55,156229,979],{"class":69},[55,156231,156232,156234,156236,156238,156241,156243],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,156233,985],{"class":116},[55,156235,120],{"class":69},[55,156237,74],{"class":73},[55,156239,156240],{"class":77},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[55,156242,74],{"class":73},[55,156244,103],{"class":69},[14,156246,156247],{},[3332,156248,314],{},[45,156250,156252],{"className":47,"code":156251,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[52,156253,156254],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156255,156256,156259,156261],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156257,156258],{"class":61},"This looks like an x",[55,156260,83],{"class":69},[55,156262,156263],{"class":61}," y coordinate\n",[1425,156265,156267],{"id":156266},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[45,156269,156271],{"className":47,"code":156270,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[52,156272,156273,156302,156306,156324],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156274,156275,156277,156279,156281,156283,156285,156287,156289,156291,156293,156295,156298,156300],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156276,11086],{"class":61},[55,156278,66],{"class":65},[55,156280,70],{"class":69},[55,156282,74],{"class":73},[55,156284,645],{"class":77},[55,156286,74],{"class":73},[55,156288,83],{"class":69},[55,156290,8903],{"class":130},[55,156292,83],{"class":69},[55,156294,86],{"class":73},[55,156296,156297],{"class":77},"Canada",[55,156299,74],{"class":73},[55,156301,103],{"class":69},[55,156303,156304],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156305,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,156307,156308,156310,156312,156314,156316,156318,156320,156322],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156309,960],{"class":959},[55,156311,963],{"class":116},[55,156313,120],{"class":69},[55,156315,11180],{"class":123},[55,156317,970],{"class":69},[55,156319,6002],{"class":65},[55,156321,2036],{"class":130},[55,156323,979],{"class":69},[55,156325,156326,156328,156330,156332,156335,156337],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,156327,985],{"class":116},[55,156329,120],{"class":69},[55,156331,74],{"class":73},[55,156333,156334],{"class":77},"User record has the expected number of values",[55,156336,74],{"class":73},[55,156338,103],{"class":69},[14,156340,156341],{},[3332,156342,314],{},[45,156344,156346],{"className":47,"code":156345,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[52,156347,156348],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156349,156350],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156351,156345],{"class":61},[1425,156353,156355],{"id":156354},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[45,156357,156359],{"className":47,"code":156358,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[52,156360,156361,156393,156397,156417],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156362,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371,156373,156375,156377,156379,156381,156383,156385,156387,156389,156391],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156364,769],{"class":61},[55,156366,66],{"class":65},[55,156368,70],{"class":69},[55,156370,74],{"class":73},[55,156372,194],{"class":77},[55,156374,74],{"class":73},[55,156376,83],{"class":69},[55,156378,86],{"class":73},[55,156380,786],{"class":77},[55,156382,74],{"class":73},[55,156384,83],{"class":69},[55,156386,86],{"class":73},[55,156388,795],{"class":77},[55,156390,74],{"class":73},[55,156392,103],{"class":69},[55,156394,156395],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156396,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,156398,156399,156401,156403,156405,156407,156409,156411,156413,156415],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156400,5551],{"class":959},[55,156402,69143],{"class":61},[55,156404,3474],{"class":959},[55,156406,53666],{"class":116},[55,156408,120],{"class":69},[55,156410,940],{"class":116},[55,156412,120],{"class":69},[55,156414,812],{"class":123},[55,156416,69158],{"class":69},[55,156418,156419,156421,156423,156425,156427,156429,156431,156433],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,156420,985],{"class":116},[55,156422,120],{"class":69},[55,156424,35751],{"class":123},[55,156426,83],{"class":69},[55,156428,69690],{"class":123},[55,156430,127],{"class":69},[55,156432,35751],{"class":123},[55,156434,282],{"class":69},[14,156436,156437],{},[3332,156438,314],{},[45,156440,156441],{"className":47,"code":35763,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,156442,156443,156449,156455],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156444,156445,156447],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156446,131],{"class":130},[55,156448,35772],{"class":61},[55,156450,156451,156453],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156452,152],{"class":130},[55,156454,35779],{"class":61},[55,156456,156457,156459],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156458,309],{"class":130},[55,156460,35786],{"class":61},[14,156462,156463,156464,156466,156467,198],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[194,156465,149243],{"href":149242},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[194,156468,1162],{"href":1161},[37,156470,1298],{"id":1297},[14,156472,156473],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[21,156475,156476,156484,156491,156496],{},[24,156477,156478,156479,1309,156482],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[52,156480,156481],{},"(5)",[52,156483,149077],{},[24,156485,8012,156486,156488,156489],{},[52,156487,940],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[52,156490,889],{},[24,156492,8048,156493,156495],{},[52,156494,889],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[24,156497,156498],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[14,156500,31681],{},[45,156502,156504],{"className":47,"code":156503,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[52,156505,156506,156516,156530,156544],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156507,156508,156510,156512,156514],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156509,117],{"class":116},[55,156511,120],{"class":69},[55,156513,1340],{"class":123},[55,156515,103],{"class":69},[55,156517,156518,156520,156522,156524,156526,156528],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156519,117],{"class":116},[55,156521,120],{"class":69},[55,156523,1396],{"class":850},[55,156525,120],{"class":69},[55,156527,1340],{"class":123},[55,156529,1357],{"class":69},[55,156531,156532,156534,156536,156538,156540,156542],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156533,117],{"class":116},[55,156535,120],{"class":69},[55,156537,940],{"class":116},[55,156539,120],{"class":69},[55,156541,1340],{"class":123},[55,156543,1357],{"class":69},[55,156545,156546,156548,156550,156552],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,156547,31751],{"class":116},[55,156549,120],{"class":69},[55,156551,940],{"class":116},[55,156553,103],{"class":69},[14,156555,1405],{},[21,156557,156558,156561,156564,156568],{},[24,156559,156560],{},"what value you are using",[24,156562,156563],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[24,156565,25616,156566,11304],{},[52,156567,889],{},[24,156569,122969,156570,156572],{},[52,156571,889],{}," is documented in Python",[37,156574,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,156576,156578],{"id":156577},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[14,156580,1440,156581,156584],{},[52,156582,156583],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[1425,156586,12304,156588,148749],{"id":156587},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[52,156589,889],{},[14,156591,45963,156592,156594],{},[52,156593,889],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[1425,156596,156598],{"id":156597},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[14,156600,156601,156602,198],{},"The length is ",[52,156603,131],{},[1425,156605,156607],{"id":156606},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[14,156609,150433,156610,156612],{},[52,156611,150436],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[1425,156614,12304,156616,156618],{"id":156615},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[52,156617,889],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[14,156620,156621],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[37,156623,1495],{"id":1494},[21,156625,156626,156632,156636,156640,156644],{},[24,156627,156628],{},[194,156629,3165,156630,3098],{"href":41955},[52,156631,889],{},[24,156633,156634],{},[194,156635,155533],{"href":196},[24,156637,156638],{},[194,156639,149243],{"href":149242},[24,156641,156642],{},[194,156643,1162],{"href":1161},[24,156645,156646],{},[194,156647,156648],{"href":148874},"What is a tuple in Python",[1524,156650,156651],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":156653},[156654,156655,156656,156663,156669,156678,156684,156685,156694],{"id":14759,"depth":106,"text":14760},{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":155021,"depth":106,"text":156657,"children":156658},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156659,156660,156661,156662],{"id":155033,"depth":113,"text":155034},{"id":155100,"depth":113,"text":155101},{"id":155145,"depth":113,"text":155146},{"id":155194,"depth":113,"text":155195},{"id":155283,"depth":106,"text":155284,"children":156664},[156665,156666,156667,156668],{"id":155287,"depth":113,"text":155288},{"id":155362,"depth":113,"text":155101},{"id":155404,"depth":113,"text":155405},{"id":155538,"depth":113,"text":155539},{"id":155622,"depth":106,"text":155623,"children":156670},[156671,156673,156675,156676],{"id":155626,"depth":113,"text":156672},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155764,"depth":113,"text":156674},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155840,"depth":113,"text":155841},{"id":155975,"depth":113,"text":156677},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156103,"depth":106,"text":156104,"children":156679},[156680,156681,156682,156683],{"id":156112,"depth":113,"text":156113},{"id":156185,"depth":113,"text":156186},{"id":156266,"depth":113,"text":156267},{"id":156354,"depth":113,"text":156355},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":156686},[156687,156688,156690,156691,156692],{"id":156577,"depth":113,"text":156578},{"id":156587,"depth":113,"text":156689},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156597,"depth":113,"text":156598},{"id":156606,"depth":113,"text":156607},{"id":156615,"depth":113,"text":156693},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154805,"description":156695},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156702,"title":156703,"body":156704,"description":159089,"extension":1546,"meta":159090,"navigation":109,"path":159091,"seo":159092,"stem":159093,"__hash__":159094},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156705,"toc":159050},[156706,156709,156712,156715,156738,156744,156746,156857,156861,156864,156874,156876,156975,156977,157054,157060,157064,157067,157090,157093,157110,157113,157115,157178,157180,157197,157208,157213,157215,157218,157224,157275,157277,157297,157301,157352,157354,157375,157379,157434,157436,157457,157461,157516,157518,157539,157543,157596,157598,157627,157629,157631,157634,157638,157695,157697,157718,157722,157775,157777,157802,157807,157811,157816,157834,157837,157900,157902,157923,157926,157987,157989,158010,158013,158056,158059,158063,158068,158072,158151,158153,158184,158188,158263,158265,158292,158296,158343,158345,158353,158358,158362,158365,158380,158382,158470,158472,158497,158500,158543,158552,158554,158557,158572,158575,158579,158633,158635,158655,158660,158664,158666,158704,158707,158757,158761,158834,158836,158873,158876,158878,158881,158901,158904,158973,158975,158988,158990,158994,158997,159001,159004,159009,159012,159018,159023,159025,159047],[10,156707,156703],{"id":156708},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[14,156710,156711],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[14,156713,156714],{},"Use this format:",[45,156716,156718],{"className":47,"code":156717,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[52,156719,156720],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156721,156722,156724,156726,156728,156730,156732,156734,156736],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156723,48551],{"class":61},[55,156725,127],{"class":69},[55,156727,35671],{"class":61},[55,156729,854],{"class":69},[55,156731,75017],{"class":61},[55,156733,854],{"class":69},[55,156735,75020],{"class":61},[55,156737,386],{"class":69},[14,156739,1563,156740,75053,156742,198],{},[52,156741,75017],{},[3332,156743,64665],{},[37,156745,1588],{"id":1587},[45,156747,156749],{"className":47,"code":156748,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[52,156750,156751,156779,156783,156804,156821,156838],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759,156761,156763,156765,156767,156769,156771,156773,156775,156777],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156754,243],{"class":61},[55,156756,66],{"class":65},[55,156758,70],{"class":69},[55,156760,250],{"class":130},[55,156762,83],{"class":69},[55,156764,255],{"class":130},[55,156766,83],{"class":69},[55,156768,260],{"class":130},[55,156770,83],{"class":69},[55,156772,1051],{"class":130},[55,156774,83],{"class":69},[55,156776,4671],{"class":130},[55,156778,103],{"class":69},[55,156780,156781],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156782,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,156784,156785,156787,156789,156791,156793,156795,156797,156799,156801],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156786,117],{"class":116},[55,156788,120],{"class":69},[55,156790,275],{"class":123},[55,156792,127],{"class":69},[55,156794,152],{"class":130},[55,156796,854],{"class":69},[55,156798,2091],{"class":130},[55,156800,134],{"class":69},[55,156802,156803],{"class":137},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[55,156805,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,156807,117],{"class":116},[55,156809,120],{"class":69},[55,156811,275],{"class":123},[55,156813,75126],{"class":69},[55,156815,609],{"class":130},[55,156817,134],{"class":69},[55,156819,156820],{"class":137},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[55,156822,156823,156825,156827,156829,156831,156833,156835],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,156824,117],{"class":116},[55,156826,120],{"class":69},[55,156828,275],{"class":123},[55,156830,73713],{"class":69},[55,156832,309],{"class":130},[55,156834,134],{"class":69},[55,156836,156837],{"class":137},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[55,156839,156840,156842,156844,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,156841,117],{"class":116},[55,156843,120],{"class":69},[55,156845,275],{"class":123},[55,156847,73713],{"class":69},[55,156849,171],{"class":65},[55,156851,152],{"class":130},[55,156853,134],{"class":69},[55,156855,156856],{"class":137},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[37,156858,156860],{"id":156859},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[14,156862,156863],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[21,156865,156866,156868,156871],{},[24,156867,75320],{},[24,156869,156870],{},"The result is a new tuple",[24,156872,156873],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[14,156875,233],{},[45,156877,156879],{"className":47,"code":156878,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[52,156880,156881,156929,156933,156951,156955,156965],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156882,156883,156885,156887,156889,156891,156893,156895,156897,156899,156901,156903,156905,156907,156909,156911,156913,156915,156917,156919,156921,156923,156925,156927],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156884,769],{"class":61},[55,156886,66],{"class":65},[55,156888,70],{"class":69},[55,156890,74],{"class":73},[55,156892,194],{"class":77},[55,156894,74],{"class":73},[55,156896,83],{"class":69},[55,156898,86],{"class":73},[55,156900,786],{"class":77},[55,156902,74],{"class":73},[55,156904,83],{"class":69},[55,156906,86],{"class":73},[55,156908,795],{"class":77},[55,156910,74],{"class":73},[55,156912,83],{"class":69},[55,156914,86],{"class":73},[55,156916,18365],{"class":77},[55,156918,74],{"class":73},[55,156920,83],{"class":69},[55,156922,86],{"class":73},[55,156924,60044],{"class":77},[55,156926,74],{"class":73},[55,156928,103],{"class":69},[55,156930,156931],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,156932,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,156934,156935,156937,156939,156941,156943,156945,156947,156949],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,156936,75250],{"class":61},[55,156938,66],{"class":65},[55,156940,69690],{"class":61},[55,156942,127],{"class":69},[55,156944,152],{"class":130},[55,156946,854],{"class":69},[55,156948,2091],{"class":130},[55,156950,386],{"class":69},[55,156952,156953],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,156954,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,156956,156957,156959,156961,156963],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,156958,117],{"class":116},[55,156960,120],{"class":69},[55,156962,75273],{"class":123},[55,156964,103],{"class":69},[55,156966,156967,156969,156971,156973],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,156968,117],{"class":116},[55,156970,120],{"class":69},[55,156972,812],{"class":123},[55,156974,103],{"class":69},[14,156976,314],{},[45,156978,156980],{"className":47,"code":156979,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[52,156981,156982,157010],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,156983,156984,156986,156988,156990,156992,156994,156996,156998,157000,157002,157004,157006,157008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,156985,120],{"class":69},[55,156987,2889],{"class":73},[55,156989,786],{"class":77},[55,156991,2889],{"class":73},[55,156993,83],{"class":69},[55,156995,2884],{"class":73},[55,156997,795],{"class":77},[55,156999,2889],{"class":73},[55,157001,83],{"class":69},[55,157003,2884],{"class":73},[55,157005,18365],{"class":77},[55,157007,2889],{"class":73},[55,157009,103],{"class":69},[55,157011,157012,157014,157016,157018,157020,157022,157024,157026,157028,157030,157032,157034,157036,157038,157040,157042,157044,157046,157048,157050,157052],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157013,120],{"class":69},[55,157015,2889],{"class":73},[55,157017,194],{"class":77},[55,157019,2889],{"class":73},[55,157021,83],{"class":69},[55,157023,2884],{"class":73},[55,157025,786],{"class":77},[55,157027,2889],{"class":73},[55,157029,83],{"class":69},[55,157031,2884],{"class":73},[55,157033,795],{"class":77},[55,157035,2889],{"class":73},[55,157037,83],{"class":69},[55,157039,2884],{"class":73},[55,157041,18365],{"class":77},[55,157043,2889],{"class":73},[55,157045,83],{"class":69},[55,157047,2884],{"class":73},[55,157049,60044],{"class":77},[55,157051,2889],{"class":73},[55,157053,103],{"class":69},[14,157055,157056,157057,198],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[194,157058,341],{"href":157059},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[37,157061,157063],{"id":157062},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[14,157065,157066],{},"The full syntax is:",[45,157068,157070],{"className":47,"code":157069,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[52,157071,157072],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157073,157074,157076,157078,157080,157082,157084,157086,157088],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157075,1340],{"class":61},[55,157077,127],{"class":69},[55,157079,35671],{"class":61},[55,157081,854],{"class":69},[55,157083,75017],{"class":61},[55,157085,854],{"class":69},[55,157087,75020],{"class":61},[55,157089,386],{"class":69},[14,157091,157092],{},"Each part has a job:",[21,157094,157095,157100,157105],{},[24,157096,157097,157099],{},[52,157098,35671],{},": where slicing begins",[24,157101,157102,157104],{},[52,157103,75017],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[24,157106,157107,157109],{},[52,157108,75020],{},": how many positions to move each time",[14,157111,157112],{},"All three parts are optional.",[14,157114,233],{},[45,157116,157118],{"className":47,"code":157117,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[52,157119,157120,157152,157156],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157121,157122,157124,157126,157128,157130,157132,157134,157136,157138,157140,157142,157144,157146,157148,157150],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157123,243],{"class":61},[55,157125,66],{"class":65},[55,157127,70],{"class":69},[55,157129,250],{"class":130},[55,157131,83],{"class":69},[55,157133,255],{"class":130},[55,157135,83],{"class":69},[55,157137,260],{"class":130},[55,157139,83],{"class":69},[55,157141,1051],{"class":130},[55,157143,83],{"class":69},[55,157145,4671],{"class":130},[55,157147,83],{"class":69},[55,157149,75691],{"class":130},[55,157151,103],{"class":69},[55,157153,157154],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157155,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157157,157158,157160,157162,157164,157166,157168,157170,157172,157174,157176],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157159,117],{"class":116},[55,157161,120],{"class":69},[55,157163,275],{"class":123},[55,157165,127],{"class":69},[55,157167,152],{"class":130},[55,157169,854],{"class":69},[55,157171,817],{"class":130},[55,157173,854],{"class":69},[55,157175,309],{"class":130},[55,157177,282],{"class":69},[14,157179,314],{},[45,157181,157183],{"className":47,"code":157182,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(20, 40)\n",[52,157184,157185],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157186,157187,157189,157191,157193,157195],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157188,120],{"class":69},[55,157190,1149],{"class":130},[55,157192,83],{"class":69},[55,157194,1051],{"class":130},[55,157196,103],{"class":69},[14,157198,157199,157200,157202,157203,157205,157206,198],{},"This starts at index ",[52,157201,152],{},", stops before index ",[52,157204,817],{},", and moves by ",[52,157207,309],{},[14,157209,157210,157211,198],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[194,157212,149243],{"href":1548},[37,157214,75607],{"id":75606},[14,157216,157217],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[1425,157219,157221,157222,5559],{"id":157220},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[52,157223,75621],{},[45,157225,157227],{"className":47,"code":157226,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[52,157228,157229,157257,157261],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157230,157231,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245,157247,157249,157251,157253,157255],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157232,243],{"class":61},[55,157234,66],{"class":65},[55,157236,70],{"class":69},[55,157238,250],{"class":130},[55,157240,83],{"class":69},[55,157242,255],{"class":130},[55,157244,83],{"class":69},[55,157246,260],{"class":130},[55,157248,83],{"class":69},[55,157250,1051],{"class":130},[55,157252,83],{"class":69},[55,157254,4671],{"class":130},[55,157256,103],{"class":69},[55,157258,157259],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157260,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157262,157263,157265,157267,157269,157271,157273],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157264,117],{"class":116},[55,157266,120],{"class":69},[55,157268,275],{"class":123},[55,157270,75126],{"class":69},[55,157272,609],{"class":130},[55,157274,282],{"class":69},[14,157276,314],{},[45,157278,157279],{"className":47,"code":150932,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,157280,157281],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157282,157283,157285,157287,157289,157291,157293,157295],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157284,120],{"class":69},[55,157286,250],{"class":130},[55,157288,83],{"class":69},[55,157290,255],{"class":130},[55,157292,83],{"class":69},[55,157294,260],{"class":130},[55,157296,103],{"class":69},[1425,157298,157300],{"id":157299},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[45,157302,157304],{"className":47,"code":157303,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[52,157305,157306,157334,157338],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157307,157308,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157309,243],{"class":61},[55,157311,66],{"class":65},[55,157313,70],{"class":69},[55,157315,250],{"class":130},[55,157317,83],{"class":69},[55,157319,255],{"class":130},[55,157321,83],{"class":69},[55,157323,260],{"class":130},[55,157325,83],{"class":69},[55,157327,1051],{"class":130},[55,157329,83],{"class":69},[55,157331,4671],{"class":130},[55,157333,103],{"class":69},[55,157335,157336],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157337,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157339,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157341,117],{"class":116},[55,157343,120],{"class":69},[55,157345,275],{"class":123},[55,157347,127],{"class":69},[55,157349,309],{"class":130},[55,157351,77306],{"class":69},[14,157353,314],{},[45,157355,157357],{"className":47,"code":157356,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[52,157358,157359],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157360,157361,157363,157365,157367,157369,157371,157373],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157362,120],{"class":69},[55,157364,36437],{"class":130},[55,157366,83],{"class":69},[55,157368,1051],{"class":130},[55,157370,83],{"class":69},[55,157372,4671],{"class":130},[55,157374,103],{"class":69},[1425,157376,157378],{"id":157377},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[45,157380,157382],{"className":47,"code":157381,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[52,157383,157384,157412,157416],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157385,157386,157388,157390,157392,157394,157396,157398,157400,157402,157404,157406,157408,157410],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157387,243],{"class":61},[55,157389,66],{"class":65},[55,157391,70],{"class":69},[55,157393,250],{"class":130},[55,157395,83],{"class":69},[55,157397,255],{"class":130},[55,157399,83],{"class":69},[55,157401,260],{"class":130},[55,157403,83],{"class":69},[55,157405,1051],{"class":130},[55,157407,83],{"class":69},[55,157409,4671],{"class":130},[55,157411,103],{"class":69},[55,157413,157414],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157415,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157417,157418,157420,157422,157424,157426,157428,157430,157432],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157419,117],{"class":116},[55,157421,120],{"class":69},[55,157423,275],{"class":123},[55,157425,127],{"class":69},[55,157427,152],{"class":130},[55,157429,854],{"class":69},[55,157431,2091],{"class":130},[55,157433,282],{"class":69},[14,157435,314],{},[45,157437,157439],{"className":47,"code":157438,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[52,157440,157441],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157442,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157444,120],{"class":69},[55,157446,1149],{"class":130},[55,157448,83],{"class":69},[55,157450,260],{"class":130},[55,157452,83],{"class":69},[55,157454,1051],{"class":130},[55,157456,103],{"class":69},[1425,157458,157460],{"id":157459},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[45,157462,157464],{"className":47,"code":157463,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[52,157465,157466,157498,157502],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157467,157468,157470,157472,157474,157476,157478,157480,157482,157484,157486,157488,157490,157492,157494,157496],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157469,243],{"class":61},[55,157471,66],{"class":65},[55,157473,70],{"class":69},[55,157475,250],{"class":130},[55,157477,83],{"class":69},[55,157479,255],{"class":130},[55,157481,83],{"class":69},[55,157483,260],{"class":130},[55,157485,83],{"class":69},[55,157487,1051],{"class":130},[55,157489,83],{"class":69},[55,157491,4671],{"class":130},[55,157493,83],{"class":69},[55,157495,75691],{"class":130},[55,157497,103],{"class":69},[55,157499,157500],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157501,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157503,157504,157506,157508,157510,157512,157514],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157505,117],{"class":116},[55,157507,120],{"class":69},[55,157509,275],{"class":123},[55,157511,73713],{"class":69},[55,157513,309],{"class":130},[55,157515,282],{"class":69},[14,157517,314],{},[45,157519,157521],{"className":47,"code":157520,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[52,157522,157523],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157524,157525,157527,157529,157531,157533,157535,157537],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157526,120],{"class":69},[55,157528,250],{"class":130},[55,157530,83],{"class":69},[55,157532,260],{"class":130},[55,157534,83],{"class":69},[55,157536,4671],{"class":130},[55,157538,103],{"class":69},[1425,157540,157542],{"id":157541},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[45,157544,157546],{"className":47,"code":157545,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[52,157547,157548,157576,157580],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157549,157550,157552,157554,157556,157558,157560,157562,157564,157566,157568,157570,157572,157574],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157551,243],{"class":61},[55,157553,66],{"class":65},[55,157555,70],{"class":69},[55,157557,250],{"class":130},[55,157559,83],{"class":69},[55,157561,255],{"class":130},[55,157563,83],{"class":69},[55,157565,260],{"class":130},[55,157567,83],{"class":69},[55,157569,1051],{"class":130},[55,157571,83],{"class":69},[55,157573,4671],{"class":130},[55,157575,103],{"class":69},[55,157577,157578],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157579,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157581,157582,157584,157586,157588,157590,157592,157594],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157583,117],{"class":116},[55,157585,120],{"class":69},[55,157587,275],{"class":123},[55,157589,73713],{"class":69},[55,157591,171],{"class":65},[55,157593,152],{"class":130},[55,157595,282],{"class":69},[14,157597,314],{},[45,157599,157601],{"className":47,"code":157600,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[52,157602,157603],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157604,157605,157607,157609,157611,157613,157615,157617,157619,157621,157623,157625],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157606,120],{"class":69},[55,157608,76385],{"class":130},[55,157610,83],{"class":69},[55,157612,1051],{"class":130},[55,157614,83],{"class":69},[55,157616,260],{"class":130},[55,157618,83],{"class":69},[55,157620,255],{"class":130},[55,157622,83],{"class":69},[55,157624,5598],{"class":130},[55,157626,103],{"class":69},[37,157628,75901],{"id":75900},[14,157630,495],{},[14,157632,157633],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[1425,157635,157637],{"id":157636},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[45,157639,157641],{"className":47,"code":157640,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[52,157642,157643,157675,157679],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157644,157645,157647,157649,157651,157653,157655,157657,157659,157661,157663,157665,157667,157669,157671,157673],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157646,243],{"class":61},[55,157648,66],{"class":65},[55,157650,70],{"class":69},[55,157652,250],{"class":130},[55,157654,83],{"class":69},[55,157656,255],{"class":130},[55,157658,83],{"class":69},[55,157660,260],{"class":130},[55,157662,83],{"class":69},[55,157664,1051],{"class":130},[55,157666,83],{"class":69},[55,157668,4671],{"class":130},[55,157670,83],{"class":69},[55,157672,75691],{"class":130},[55,157674,103],{"class":69},[55,157676,157677],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157678,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157680,157681,157683,157685,157687,157689,157691,157693],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157682,117],{"class":116},[55,157684,120],{"class":69},[55,157686,275],{"class":123},[55,157688,127],{"class":69},[55,157690,171],{"class":65},[55,157692,609],{"class":130},[55,157694,77306],{"class":69},[14,157696,314],{},[45,157698,157700],{"className":47,"code":157699,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[52,157701,157702],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157703,157704,157706,157708,157710,157712,157714,157716],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157705,120],{"class":69},[55,157707,56289],{"class":130},[55,157709,83],{"class":69},[55,157711,4671],{"class":130},[55,157713,83],{"class":69},[55,157715,75691],{"class":130},[55,157717,103],{"class":69},[1425,157719,157721],{"id":157720},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[45,157723,157725],{"className":47,"code":157724,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[52,157726,157727,157755,157759],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157728,157729,157731,157733,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157730,243],{"class":61},[55,157732,66],{"class":65},[55,157734,70],{"class":69},[55,157736,250],{"class":130},[55,157738,83],{"class":69},[55,157740,255],{"class":130},[55,157742,83],{"class":69},[55,157744,260],{"class":130},[55,157746,83],{"class":69},[55,157748,1051],{"class":130},[55,157750,83],{"class":69},[55,157752,4671],{"class":130},[55,157754,103],{"class":69},[55,157756,157757],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157758,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157760,157761,157763,157765,157767,157769,157771,157773],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157762,117],{"class":116},[55,157764,120],{"class":69},[55,157766,275],{"class":123},[55,157768,75126],{"class":69},[55,157770,171],{"class":65},[55,157772,152],{"class":130},[55,157774,282],{"class":69},[14,157776,314],{},[45,157778,157780],{"className":47,"code":157779,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[52,157781,157782],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157783,157784,157786,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157785,120],{"class":69},[55,157787,250],{"class":130},[55,157789,83],{"class":69},[55,157791,255],{"class":130},[55,157793,83],{"class":69},[55,157795,260],{"class":130},[55,157797,83],{"class":69},[55,157799,1051],{"class":130},[55,157801,103],{"class":69},[14,157803,157804,157805,198],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[194,157806,1511],{"href":156697},[37,157808,157810],{"id":157809},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[14,157812,1563,157813,157815],{},[52,157814,75020],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[21,157817,157818,157820,157822,157828],{},[24,157819,76157],{},[24,157821,76160],{},[24,157823,157824,157827],{},[52,157825,157826],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[24,157829,157830,157831,157833],{},"A step of ",[52,157832,131],{}," is not allowed",[14,157835,157836],{},"Example with a positive step:",[45,157838,157840],{"className":47,"code":157839,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[52,157841,157842,157874,157878],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157843,157844,157846,157848,157850,157852,157854,157856,157858,157860,157862,157864,157866,157868,157870,157872],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157845,243],{"class":61},[55,157847,66],{"class":65},[55,157849,70],{"class":69},[55,157851,250],{"class":130},[55,157853,83],{"class":69},[55,157855,255],{"class":130},[55,157857,83],{"class":69},[55,157859,260],{"class":130},[55,157861,83],{"class":69},[55,157863,1051],{"class":130},[55,157865,83],{"class":69},[55,157867,4671],{"class":130},[55,157869,83],{"class":69},[55,157871,75691],{"class":130},[55,157873,103],{"class":69},[55,157875,157876],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157877,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157879,157880,157882,157884,157886,157888,157890,157892,157894,157896,157898],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157881,117],{"class":116},[55,157883,120],{"class":69},[55,157885,275],{"class":123},[55,157887,127],{"class":69},[55,157889,152],{"class":130},[55,157891,854],{"class":69},[55,157893,80184],{"class":130},[55,157895,854],{"class":69},[55,157897,309],{"class":130},[55,157899,282],{"class":69},[14,157901,314],{},[45,157903,157905],{"className":47,"code":157904,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[52,157906,157907],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157908,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157910,120],{"class":69},[55,157912,1149],{"class":130},[55,157914,83],{"class":69},[55,157916,1051],{"class":130},[55,157918,83],{"class":69},[55,157920,75691],{"class":130},[55,157922,103],{"class":69},[14,157924,157925],{},"Example with a negative step:",[45,157927,157929],{"className":47,"code":157928,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[52,157930,157931,157959,157963],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157932,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941,157943,157945,157947,157949,157951,157953,157955,157957],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157934,243],{"class":61},[55,157936,66],{"class":65},[55,157938,70],{"class":69},[55,157940,250],{"class":130},[55,157942,83],{"class":69},[55,157944,255],{"class":130},[55,157946,83],{"class":69},[55,157948,260],{"class":130},[55,157950,83],{"class":69},[55,157952,1051],{"class":130},[55,157954,83],{"class":69},[55,157956,4671],{"class":130},[55,157958,103],{"class":69},[55,157960,157961],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,157962,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,157964,157965,157967,157969,157971,157973,157975,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,157966,117],{"class":116},[55,157968,120],{"class":69},[55,157970,275],{"class":123},[55,157972,127],{"class":69},[55,157974,2091],{"class":130},[55,157976,854],{"class":69},[55,157978,152],{"class":130},[55,157980,854],{"class":69},[55,157982,171],{"class":65},[55,157984,152],{"class":130},[55,157986,282],{"class":69},[14,157988,314],{},[45,157990,157992],{"className":47,"code":157991,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[52,157993,157994],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,157995,157996,157998,158000,158002,158004,158006,158008],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,157997,120],{"class":69},[55,157999,76385],{"class":130},[55,158001,83],{"class":69},[55,158003,1051],{"class":130},[55,158005,83],{"class":69},[55,158007,260],{"class":130},[55,158009,103],{"class":69},[14,158011,158012],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[45,158014,158016],{"className":47,"code":158015,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[52,158017,158018,158038,158042],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158019,158020,158022,158024,158026,158028,158030,158032,158034,158036],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158021,243],{"class":61},[55,158023,66],{"class":65},[55,158025,70],{"class":69},[55,158027,250],{"class":130},[55,158029,83],{"class":69},[55,158031,255],{"class":130},[55,158033,83],{"class":69},[55,158035,260],{"class":130},[55,158037,103],{"class":69},[55,158039,158040],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158041,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158043,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052,158054],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158045,117],{"class":116},[55,158047,120],{"class":69},[55,158049,275],{"class":123},[55,158051,73713],{"class":69},[55,158053,131],{"class":130},[55,158055,282],{"class":69},[14,158057,158058],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[37,158060,158062],{"id":158061},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[14,158064,158065,158066,33341],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3332,158067,48551],{},[1425,158069,158071],{"id":158070},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[45,158073,158075],{"className":47,"code":158074,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,158076,158077,158101,158105,158123,158127,158137],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158078,158079,158081,158083,158085,158087,158089,158091,158093,158095,158097,158099],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158080,243],{"class":61},[55,158082,66],{"class":65},[55,158084,70],{"class":69},[55,158086,250],{"class":130},[55,158088,83],{"class":69},[55,158090,255],{"class":130},[55,158092,83],{"class":69},[55,158094,260],{"class":130},[55,158096,83],{"class":69},[55,158098,1051],{"class":130},[55,158100,103],{"class":69},[55,158102,158103],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158104,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158106,158107,158109,158111,158113,158115,158117,158119,158121],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158108,1814],{"class":61},[55,158110,66],{"class":65},[55,158112,3852],{"class":61},[55,158114,127],{"class":69},[55,158116,152],{"class":130},[55,158118,854],{"class":69},[55,158120,609],{"class":130},[55,158122,386],{"class":69},[55,158124,158125],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,158126,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158128,158129,158131,158133,158135],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,158130,117],{"class":116},[55,158132,120],{"class":69},[55,158134,1849],{"class":123},[55,158136,103],{"class":69},[55,158138,158139,158141,158143,158145,158147,158149],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,158140,117],{"class":116},[55,158142,120],{"class":69},[55,158144,1396],{"class":850},[55,158146,120],{"class":69},[55,158148,1849],{"class":123},[55,158150,1357],{"class":69},[14,158152,314],{},[45,158154,158156],{"className":47,"code":158155,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[52,158157,158158,158170],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158159,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158161,120],{"class":69},[55,158163,1149],{"class":130},[55,158165,83],{"class":69},[55,158167,260],{"class":130},[55,158169,103],{"class":69},[55,158171,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180,158182],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158173,2878],{"class":65},[55,158175,2881],{"class":1648},[55,158177,2884],{"class":73},[55,158179,48551],{"class":77},[55,158181,2889],{"class":73},[55,158183,2892],{"class":65},[1425,158185,158187],{"id":158186},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[45,158189,158191],{"className":47,"code":158190,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[52,158192,158193,158213,158217,158235,158239,158249],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158194,158195,158197,158199,158201,158203,158205,158207,158209,158211],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158196,243],{"class":61},[55,158198,66],{"class":65},[55,158200,70],{"class":69},[55,158202,250],{"class":130},[55,158204,83],{"class":69},[55,158206,255],{"class":130},[55,158208,83],{"class":69},[55,158210,260],{"class":130},[55,158212,103],{"class":69},[55,158214,158215],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158216,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158218,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227,158229,158231,158233],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158220,1814],{"class":61},[55,158222,66],{"class":65},[55,158224,3852],{"class":61},[55,158226,127],{"class":69},[55,158228,152],{"class":130},[55,158230,854],{"class":69},[55,158232,309],{"class":130},[55,158234,386],{"class":69},[55,158236,158237],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,158238,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158240,158241,158243,158245,158247],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,158242,117],{"class":116},[55,158244,120],{"class":69},[55,158246,1849],{"class":123},[55,158248,103],{"class":69},[55,158250,158251,158253,158255,158257,158259,158261],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,158252,117],{"class":116},[55,158254,120],{"class":69},[55,158256,1396],{"class":850},[55,158258,120],{"class":69},[55,158260,1849],{"class":123},[55,158262,1357],{"class":69},[14,158264,314],{},[45,158266,158268],{"className":47,"code":158267,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[52,158269,158270,158278],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158271,158272,158274,158276],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158273,120],{"class":69},[55,158275,1149],{"class":130},[55,158277,148927],{"class":69},[55,158279,158280,158282,158284,158286,158288,158290],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158281,2878],{"class":65},[55,158283,2881],{"class":1648},[55,158285,2884],{"class":73},[55,158287,48551],{"class":77},[55,158289,2889],{"class":73},[55,158291,2892],{"class":65},[1425,158293,158295],{"id":158294},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[45,158297,158299],{"className":47,"code":158298,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[52,158300,158301,158321,158325],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158302,158303,158305,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158304,243],{"class":61},[55,158306,66],{"class":65},[55,158308,70],{"class":69},[55,158310,250],{"class":130},[55,158312,83],{"class":69},[55,158314,255],{"class":130},[55,158316,83],{"class":69},[55,158318,260],{"class":130},[55,158320,103],{"class":69},[55,158322,158323],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158324,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158326,158327,158329,158331,158333,158335,158337,158339,158341],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158328,117],{"class":116},[55,158330,120],{"class":69},[55,158332,275],{"class":123},[55,158334,127],{"class":69},[55,158336,817],{"class":130},[55,158338,854],{"class":69},[55,158340,1930],{"class":130},[55,158342,282],{"class":69},[14,158344,314],{},[45,158346,158347],{"className":47,"code":8239,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,158348,158349],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158350,158351],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158352,8239],{"class":69},[14,158354,158355,158356,198],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[194,158357,155533],{"href":150546},[37,158359,158361],{"id":158360},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[14,158363,158364],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[21,158366,158367,158369,158372,158377],{},[24,158368,1017],{},[24,158370,158371],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[24,158373,158374,158375],{},"Indexing can raise ",[52,158376,851],{},[24,158378,158379],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[14,158381,233],{},[45,158383,158385],{"className":47,"code":158384,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[52,158386,158387,158407,158411,158428,158449],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158388,158389,158391,158393,158395,158397,158399,158401,158403,158405],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158390,243],{"class":61},[55,158392,66],{"class":65},[55,158394,70],{"class":69},[55,158396,250],{"class":130},[55,158398,83],{"class":69},[55,158400,255],{"class":130},[55,158402,83],{"class":69},[55,158404,260],{"class":130},[55,158406,103],{"class":69},[55,158408,158409],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158410,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158412,158413,158415,158417,158419,158421,158423,158425],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158414,117],{"class":116},[55,158416,120],{"class":69},[55,158418,275],{"class":123},[55,158420,127],{"class":69},[55,158422,152],{"class":130},[55,158424,134],{"class":69},[55,158426,158427],{"class":137},"    # one item\n",[55,158429,158430,158432,158434,158436,158438,158440,158442,158444,158446],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,158431,117],{"class":116},[55,158433,120],{"class":69},[55,158435,275],{"class":123},[55,158437,127],{"class":69},[55,158439,152],{"class":130},[55,158441,854],{"class":69},[55,158443,817],{"class":130},[55,158445,134],{"class":69},[55,158447,158448],{"class":137},"  # slice\n",[55,158450,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463,158465,158467],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,158452,117],{"class":116},[55,158454,120],{"class":69},[55,158456,275],{"class":123},[55,158458,127],{"class":69},[55,158460,817],{"class":130},[55,158462,854],{"class":69},[55,158464,1930],{"class":130},[55,158466,134],{"class":69},[55,158468,158469],{"class":137},"  # empty slice\n",[14,158471,314],{},[45,158473,158475],{"className":47,"code":158474,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[52,158476,158477,158481,158493],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158478,158479],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158480,329],{"class":130},[55,158482,158483,158485,158487,158489,158491],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158484,120],{"class":69},[55,158486,1149],{"class":130},[55,158488,83],{"class":69},[55,158490,260],{"class":130},[55,158492,103],{"class":69},[55,158494,158495],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158496,8239],{"class":69},[14,158498,158499],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[45,158501,158503],{"className":47,"code":158502,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[52,158504,158505,158525,158529],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158506,158507,158509,158511,158513,158515,158517,158519,158521,158523],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158508,243],{"class":61},[55,158510,66],{"class":65},[55,158512,70],{"class":69},[55,158514,250],{"class":130},[55,158516,83],{"class":69},[55,158518,255],{"class":130},[55,158520,83],{"class":69},[55,158522,260],{"class":130},[55,158524,103],{"class":69},[55,158526,158527],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158528,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158530,158531,158533,158535,158537,158539,158541],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158532,117],{"class":116},[55,158534,120],{"class":69},[55,158536,275],{"class":123},[55,158538,127],{"class":69},[55,158540,817],{"class":130},[55,158542,282],{"class":69},[14,158544,158545,158546,158548,158549,198],{},"This raises an ",[52,158547,851],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[194,158550,1005],{"href":158551},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[37,158553,14774],{"id":76732},[14,158555,158556],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[21,158558,158559,158562,158564,158567],{},[24,158560,158561],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[24,158563,60289],{},[24,158565,158566],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[24,158568,158569,158570],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[52,158571,131],{},[14,158573,158574],{},"Here are a few examples.",[1425,158576,158578],{"id":158577},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[45,158580,158581],{"className":47,"code":157381,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,158582,158583,158611,158615],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158584,158585,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595,158597,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158586,243],{"class":61},[55,158588,66],{"class":65},[55,158590,70],{"class":69},[55,158592,250],{"class":130},[55,158594,83],{"class":69},[55,158596,255],{"class":130},[55,158598,83],{"class":69},[55,158600,260],{"class":130},[55,158602,83],{"class":69},[55,158604,1051],{"class":130},[55,158606,83],{"class":69},[55,158608,4671],{"class":130},[55,158610,103],{"class":69},[55,158612,158613],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158614,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158616,158617,158619,158621,158623,158625,158627,158629,158631],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158618,117],{"class":116},[55,158620,120],{"class":69},[55,158622,275],{"class":123},[55,158624,127],{"class":69},[55,158626,152],{"class":130},[55,158628,854],{"class":69},[55,158630,2091],{"class":130},[55,158632,282],{"class":69},[14,158634,314],{},[45,158636,158637],{"className":47,"code":157438,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,158638,158639],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158640,158641,158643,158645,158647,158649,158651,158653],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158642,120],{"class":69},[55,158644,1149],{"class":130},[55,158646,83],{"class":69},[55,158648,260],{"class":130},[55,158650,83],{"class":69},[55,158652,1051],{"class":130},[55,158654,103],{"class":69},[14,158656,183,158657,158659],{},[52,158658,2091],{}," is not included.",[1425,158661,158663],{"id":158662},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[14,158665,4116],{},[45,158667,158669],{"className":47,"code":158668,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[52,158670,158671,158695,158699],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158672,158673,158675,158677,158679,158681,158683,158685,158687,158689,158691,158693],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158674,243],{"class":61},[55,158676,66],{"class":65},[55,158678,70],{"class":69},[55,158680,250],{"class":130},[55,158682,83],{"class":69},[55,158684,255],{"class":130},[55,158686,83],{"class":69},[55,158688,260],{"class":130},[55,158690,83],{"class":69},[55,158692,1051],{"class":130},[55,158694,103],{"class":69},[55,158696,158697],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158698,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158700,158701],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158702,158703],{"class":137},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[14,158705,158706],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[45,158708,158709],{"className":47,"code":1087,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,158710,158711,158735,158739],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158712,158713,158715,158717,158719,158721,158723,158725,158727,158729,158731,158733],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158714,243],{"class":61},[55,158716,66],{"class":65},[55,158718,70],{"class":69},[55,158720,250],{"class":130},[55,158722,83],{"class":69},[55,158724,255],{"class":130},[55,158726,83],{"class":69},[55,158728,260],{"class":130},[55,158730,83],{"class":69},[55,158732,1051],{"class":130},[55,158734,103],{"class":69},[55,158736,158737],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158738,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158740,158741,158743,158745,158747,158749,158751,158753,158755],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158742,117],{"class":116},[55,158744,120],{"class":69},[55,158746,275],{"class":123},[55,158748,127],{"class":69},[55,158750,152],{"class":130},[55,158752,854],{"class":69},[55,158754,609],{"class":130},[55,158756,282],{"class":69},[1425,158758,158760],{"id":158759},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[45,158762,158764],{"className":47,"code":158763,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[52,158765,158766,158790,158794,158809,158813,158824],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158767,158768,158770,158772,158774,158776,158778,158780,158782,158784,158786,158788],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158769,243],{"class":61},[55,158771,66],{"class":65},[55,158773,70],{"class":69},[55,158775,250],{"class":130},[55,158777,83],{"class":69},[55,158779,255],{"class":130},[55,158781,83],{"class":69},[55,158783,260],{"class":130},[55,158785,83],{"class":69},[55,158787,1051],{"class":130},[55,158789,103],{"class":69},[55,158791,158792],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158793,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158795,158796,158799,158801,158803,158805,158807],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158797,158798],{"class":61},"slice_result ",[55,158800,66],{"class":65},[55,158802,3852],{"class":61},[55,158804,75126],{"class":69},[55,158806,309],{"class":130},[55,158808,386],{"class":69},[55,158810,158811],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,158812,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,158814,158815,158817,158819,158822],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,158816,117],{"class":116},[55,158818,120],{"class":69},[55,158820,158821],{"class":123},"slice_result",[55,158823,103],{"class":69},[55,158825,158826,158828,158830,158832],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,158827,117],{"class":116},[55,158829,120],{"class":69},[55,158831,275],{"class":123},[55,158833,103],{"class":69},[14,158835,314],{},[45,158837,158839],{"className":47,"code":158838,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[52,158840,158841,158853],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158842,158843,158845,158847,158849,158851],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158844,120],{"class":69},[55,158846,250],{"class":130},[55,158848,83],{"class":69},[55,158850,255],{"class":130},[55,158852,103],{"class":69},[55,158854,158855,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158856,120],{"class":69},[55,158858,250],{"class":130},[55,158860,83],{"class":69},[55,158862,255],{"class":130},[55,158864,83],{"class":69},[55,158866,260],{"class":130},[55,158868,83],{"class":69},[55,158870,1051],{"class":130},[55,158872,103],{"class":69},[14,158874,158875],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[37,158877,113316],{"id":113315},[14,158879,158880],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[21,158882,158883,158886,158889,158895,158898],{},[24,158884,158885],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[24,158887,158888],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[24,158890,158891,158892],{},"Using a zero step like ",[52,158893,158894],{},"tuple[::0]",[24,158896,158897],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[24,158899,158900],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[14,158902,158903],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[45,158905,158907],{"className":47,"code":158906,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[52,158908,158909,158919,158937,158959],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,158910,158911,158913,158915,158917],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,158912,117],{"class":116},[55,158914,120],{"class":69},[55,158916,1340],{"class":123},[55,158918,103],{"class":69},[55,158920,158921,158923,158925,158927,158929,158931,158933,158935],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,158922,117],{"class":116},[55,158924,120],{"class":69},[55,158926,1340],{"class":123},[55,158928,127],{"class":69},[55,158930,152],{"class":130},[55,158932,854],{"class":69},[55,158934,2091],{"class":130},[55,158936,282],{"class":69},[55,158938,158939,158941,158943,158945,158947,158949,158951,158953,158955,158957],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,158940,117],{"class":116},[55,158942,120],{"class":69},[55,158944,1396],{"class":850},[55,158946,120],{"class":69},[55,158948,1340],{"class":123},[55,158950,127],{"class":69},[55,158952,152],{"class":130},[55,158954,854],{"class":69},[55,158956,2091],{"class":130},[55,158958,2586],{"class":69},[55,158960,158961,158963,158965,158967,158969,158971],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,158962,117],{"class":116},[55,158964,120],{"class":69},[55,158966,940],{"class":116},[55,158968,120],{"class":69},[55,158970,1340],{"class":123},[55,158972,1357],{"class":69},[14,158974,10768],{},[21,158976,158977,158979,158982,158985],{},[24,158978,1410],{},[24,158980,158981],{},"what the slice actually returns",[24,158983,158984],{},"that the result is a tuple",[24,158986,158987],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[37,158989,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,158991,158993],{"id":158992},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[14,158995,158996],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[1425,158998,159000],{"id":158999},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[14,159002,159003],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[1425,159005,4733,159007,39556],{"id":159006},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[52,159008,157826],{},[14,159010,159011],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[1425,159013,159015,159016,2078],{"id":159014},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[52,159017,851],{},[14,159019,159020,159021,198],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[52,159022,851],{},[37,159024,1495],{"id":1494},[21,159026,159027,159031,159035,159039,159043],{},[24,159028,159029],{},[194,159030,155533],{"href":150546},[24,159032,159033],{},[194,159034,149243],{"href":1548},[24,159036,159037],{},[194,159038,1511],{"href":156697},[24,159040,159041],{},[194,159042,341],{"href":157059},[24,159044,159045],{},[194,159046,1005],{"href":158551},[1524,159048,159049],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":159051},[159052,159053,159054,159055,159063,159067,159068,159073,159074,159079,159080,159088],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":156859,"depth":106,"text":156860},{"id":157062,"depth":106,"text":157063},{"id":75606,"depth":106,"text":75607,"children":159056},[159057,159059,159060,159061,159062],{"id":157220,"depth":113,"text":159058},"Get the first n items",{"id":157299,"depth":113,"text":157300},{"id":157377,"depth":113,"text":157378},{"id":157459,"depth":113,"text":157460},{"id":157541,"depth":113,"text":157542},{"id":75900,"depth":106,"text":75901,"children":159064},[159065,159066],{"id":157636,"depth":113,"text":157637},{"id":157720,"depth":113,"text":157721},{"id":157809,"depth":106,"text":157810},{"id":158061,"depth":106,"text":158062,"children":159069},[159070,159071,159072],{"id":158070,"depth":113,"text":158071},{"id":158186,"depth":113,"text":158187},{"id":158294,"depth":113,"text":158295},{"id":158360,"depth":106,"text":158361},{"id":76732,"depth":106,"text":14774,"children":159075},[159076,159077,159078],{"id":158577,"depth":113,"text":158578},{"id":158662,"depth":113,"text":158663},{"id":158759,"depth":113,"text":158760},{"id":113315,"depth":106,"text":113316},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":159081},[159082,159083,159084,159086],{"id":158992,"depth":113,"text":158993},{"id":158999,"depth":113,"text":159000},{"id":159006,"depth":113,"text":159085},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159014,"depth":113,"text":159087},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156703,"description":159089},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159096,"title":159097,"body":159098,"description":160921,"extension":1546,"meta":160922,"navigation":109,"path":34408,"seo":160923,"stem":160924,"__hash__":160925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159099,"toc":160887},[159100,159105,159110,159114,159132,159135,159150,159156,159158,159215,159217,159249,159261,159267,159272,159275,159310,159316,159318,159321,159335,159338,159340,159363,159365,159383,159386,159402,159404,159407,159520,159522,159611,159614,159619,159625,159628,159631,159730,159732,159791,159796,159799,159868,159872,159904,159920,159925,159932,159939,159951,159953,160002,160004,160027,160033,160081,160086,160093,160101,160107,160110,160134,160137,160139,160215,160217,160242,160248,160251,160256,160260,160274,160276,160339,160341,160373,160376,160392,160394,160400,160407,160409,160428,160430,160448,160455,160460,160467,160469,160506,160509,160516,160520,160523,160581,160584,160587,160642,160644,160656,160662,160664,160668,160701,160708,160710,160773,160776,160778,160783,160797,160804,160812,160821,160830,160836,160842,160844,160884],[10,159101,3165,159103,3169],{"id":159102},"python-type-function-explained",[52,159104,1887],{},[14,159106,31916,159107,159109],{},[52,159108,1887],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[14,159111,62362,159112,104160],{},[52,159113,1887],{},[21,159115,159116,159119,159122,159125],{},[24,159117,159118],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[24,159120,159121],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[24,159123,159124],{},"debug confusing code",[24,159126,159127,159128],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[194,159129,159130],{"href":7814},[52,159131,2545],{},[14,159133,159134],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[45,159136,159138],{"className":47,"code":159137,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"type(object)\n",[52,159139,159140],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159141,159142,159144,159146,159148],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159143,1396],{"class":850},[55,159145,120],{"class":69},[55,159147,41995],{"class":850},[55,159149,103],{"class":69},[14,159151,159152,159153,159155],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[52,159154,1887],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[37,159157,40],{"id":39},[45,159159,159161],{"className":47,"code":159160,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[52,159162,159163,159175,159189,159193,159201],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159164,159165,159167,159169,159171,159173],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159166,7471],{"class":61},[55,159168,66],{"class":65},[55,159170,86],{"class":73},[55,159172,4595],{"class":77},[55,159174,1288],{"class":73},[55,159176,159177,159179,159181,159183,159185,159187],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159178,117],{"class":116},[55,159180,120],{"class":69},[55,159182,1396],{"class":850},[55,159184,120],{"class":69},[55,159186,7263],{"class":123},[55,159188,1357],{"class":69},[55,159190,159191],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,159192,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,159194,159195,159197,159199],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,159196,1801],{"class":61},[55,159198,66],{"class":65},[55,159200,2174],{"class":130},[55,159202,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,159204,117],{"class":116},[55,159206,120],{"class":69},[55,159208,1396],{"class":850},[55,159210,120],{"class":69},[55,159212,1824],{"class":123},[55,159214,1357],{"class":69},[14,159216,314],{},[45,159218,159219],{"className":47,"code":124663,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,159220,159221,159235],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159222,159223,159225,159227,159229,159231,159233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159224,2878],{"class":65},[55,159226,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159228,2884],{"class":73},[55,159230,3032],{"class":77},[55,159232,2889],{"class":73},[55,159234,2892],{"class":65},[55,159236,159237,159239,159241,159243,159245,159247],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159238,2878],{"class":65},[55,159240,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159242,2884],{"class":73},[55,159244,1772],{"class":77},[55,159246,2889],{"class":73},[55,159248,2892],{"class":65},[14,159250,1440,159251,159254,159255,3983,159258,198],{},[52,159252,159253],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[52,159256,159257],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[52,159259,159260],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[37,159262,12596,159264,159266],{"id":159263},"what-the-type-function-does",[52,159265,1887],{}," function does",[14,159268,159269,159271],{},[52,159270,1887],{}," returns the type of an object.",[14,159273,159274],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[21,159276,159277,159282,159287,159292,159297,159302],{},[24,159278,159279,159281],{},[52,159280,3032],{}," for text",[24,159283,159284,159286],{},[52,159285,1772],{}," for whole numbers",[24,159288,159289,159291],{},[52,159290,1776],{}," for decimal numbers",[24,159293,159294,159296],{},[52,159295,7688],{}," for lists",[24,159298,159299,159301],{},[52,159300,8418],{}," for dictionaries",[24,159303,159304,68690,159306,3983,159308],{},[52,159305,3459],{},[52,159307,3194],{},[52,159309,3261],{},[14,159311,159312,159313,159315],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[52,159314,1887],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[37,159317,1740],{"id":1739},[14,159319,159320],{},"The main beginner form is:",[45,159322,159323],{"className":47,"code":159137,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,159324,159325],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159326,159327,159329,159331,159333],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159328,1396],{"class":850},[55,159330,120],{"class":69},[55,159332,41995],{"class":850},[55,159334,103],{"class":69},[14,159336,159337],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[14,159339,233],{},[45,159341,159343],{"className":47,"code":159342,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[52,159344,159345],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159346,159347,159349,159351,159353,159355,159357,159359,159361],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159348,117],{"class":116},[55,159350,120],{"class":69},[55,159352,1396],{"class":850},[55,159354,120],{"class":69},[55,159356,74],{"class":73},[55,159358,3436],{"class":77},[55,159360,74],{"class":73},[55,159362,1357],{"class":69},[14,159364,314],{},[45,159366,159367],{"className":47,"code":45368,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,159368,159369],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159370,159371,159373,159375,159377,159379,159381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159372,2878],{"class":65},[55,159374,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159376,2884],{"class":73},[55,159378,3032],{"class":77},[55,159380,2889],{"class":73},[55,159382,2892],{"class":65},[14,159384,159385],{},"You can pass either:",[21,159387,159388,159395],{},[24,159389,159390,159391,2465,159393],{},"a literal value such as ",[52,159392,64130],{},[52,159394,46124],{},[24,159396,159397,159398,2465,159400],{},"a variable such as ",[52,159399,7263],{},[52,159401,8896],{},[37,159403,121475],{"id":121474},[14,159405,159406],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[45,159408,159410],{"className":47,"code":159409,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[52,159411,159412,159430,159444,159458,159480,159506],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159413,159414,159416,159418,159420,159422,159424,159426,159428],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159415,117],{"class":116},[55,159417,120],{"class":69},[55,159419,1396],{"class":850},[55,159421,120],{"class":69},[55,159423,74],{"class":73},[55,159425,3436],{"class":77},[55,159427,74],{"class":73},[55,159429,1357],{"class":69},[55,159431,159432,159434,159436,159438,159440,159442],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159433,117],{"class":116},[55,159435,120],{"class":69},[55,159437,1396],{"class":850},[55,159439,120],{"class":69},[55,159441,250],{"class":130},[55,159443,1357],{"class":69},[55,159445,159446,159448,159450,159452,159454,159456],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,159447,117],{"class":116},[55,159449,120],{"class":69},[55,159451,1396],{"class":850},[55,159453,120],{"class":69},[55,159455,39739],{"class":130},[55,159457,1357],{"class":69},[55,159459,159460,159462,159464,159466,159468,159470,159472,159474,159476,159478],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,159461,117],{"class":116},[55,159463,120],{"class":69},[55,159465,1396],{"class":850},[55,159467,2573],{"class":69},[55,159469,152],{"class":130},[55,159471,83],{"class":69},[55,159473,976],{"class":130},[55,159475,83],{"class":69},[55,159477,2036],{"class":130},[55,159479,2586],{"class":69},[55,159481,159482,159484,159486,159488,159490,159492,159494,159496,159498,159500,159502,159504],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,159483,117],{"class":116},[55,159485,120],{"class":69},[55,159487,1396],{"class":850},[55,159489,5122],{"class":69},[55,159491,74],{"class":73},[55,159493,7263],{"class":77},[55,159495,74],{"class":73},[55,159497,854],{"class":69},[55,159499,86],{"class":73},[55,159501,4595],{"class":77},[55,159503,74],{"class":73},[55,159505,5131],{"class":69},[55,159507,159508,159510,159512,159514,159516,159518],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,159509,117],{"class":116},[55,159511,120],{"class":69},[55,159513,1396],{"class":850},[55,159515,120],{"class":69},[55,159517,3194],{"class":3443},[55,159519,1357],{"class":69},[14,159521,314],{},[45,159523,159525],{"className":47,"code":159524,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[52,159526,159527,159541,159555,159569,159583,159597],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159528,159529,159531,159533,159535,159537,159539],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159530,2878],{"class":65},[55,159532,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159534,2884],{"class":73},[55,159536,3032],{"class":77},[55,159538,2889],{"class":73},[55,159540,2892],{"class":65},[55,159542,159543,159545,159547,159549,159551,159553],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159544,2878],{"class":65},[55,159546,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159548,2884],{"class":73},[55,159550,1772],{"class":77},[55,159552,2889],{"class":73},[55,159554,2892],{"class":65},[55,159556,159557,159559,159561,159563,159565,159567],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,159558,2878],{"class":65},[55,159560,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159562,2884],{"class":73},[55,159564,1776],{"class":77},[55,159566,2889],{"class":73},[55,159568,2892],{"class":65},[55,159570,159571,159573,159575,159577,159579,159581],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,159572,2878],{"class":65},[55,159574,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159576,2884],{"class":73},[55,159578,7688],{"class":77},[55,159580,2889],{"class":73},[55,159582,2892],{"class":65},[55,159584,159585,159587,159589,159591,159593,159595],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,159586,2878],{"class":65},[55,159588,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159590,2884],{"class":73},[55,159592,8418],{"class":77},[55,159594,2889],{"class":73},[55,159596,2892],{"class":65},[55,159598,159599,159601,159603,159605,159607,159609],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,159600,2878],{"class":65},[55,159602,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159604,2884],{"class":73},[55,159606,3459],{"class":77},[55,159608,2889],{"class":73},[55,159610,2892],{"class":65},[14,159612,159613],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[14,159615,159616,159617,198],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[194,159618,44395],{"href":48576},[37,159620,8012,159622,159624],{"id":159621},"using-type-with-variables",[52,159623,1887],{}," with variables",[14,159626,159627],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[14,159629,159630],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[45,159632,159634],{"className":47,"code":159633,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[52,159635,159636,159644,159662,159666,159678,159696,159700,159712],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159637,159638,159640,159642],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159639,2031],{"class":61},[55,159641,66],{"class":65},[55,159643,2174],{"class":130},[55,159645,159646,159648,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159647,117],{"class":116},[55,159649,120],{"class":69},[55,159651,2058],{"class":123},[55,159653,83],{"class":69},[55,159655,48988],{"class":850},[55,159657,120],{"class":69},[55,159659,2058],{"class":123},[55,159661,1357],{"class":69},[55,159663,159664],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,159665,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,159667,159668,159670,159672,159674,159676],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,159669,2031],{"class":61},[55,159671,66],{"class":65},[55,159673,86],{"class":73},[55,159675,45505],{"class":77},[55,159677,1288],{"class":73},[55,159679,159680,159682,159684,159686,159688,159690,159692,159694],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,159681,117],{"class":116},[55,159683,120],{"class":69},[55,159685,2058],{"class":123},[55,159687,83],{"class":69},[55,159689,48988],{"class":850},[55,159691,120],{"class":69},[55,159693,2058],{"class":123},[55,159695,1357],{"class":69},[55,159697,159698],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,159699,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,159701,159702,159704,159706,159708,159710],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,159703,2031],{"class":61},[55,159705,66],{"class":65},[55,159707,3211],{"class":69},[55,159709,250],{"class":130},[55,159711,386],{"class":69},[55,159713,159714,159716,159718,159720,159722,159724,159726,159728],{"class":57,"line":6020},[55,159715,117],{"class":116},[55,159717,120],{"class":69},[55,159719,2058],{"class":123},[55,159721,83],{"class":69},[55,159723,48988],{"class":850},[55,159725,120],{"class":69},[55,159727,2058],{"class":123},[55,159729,1357],{"class":69},[14,159731,314],{},[45,159733,159735],{"className":47,"code":159734,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[52,159736,159737,159754,159771],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159738,159739,159741,159744,159746,159748,159750,159752],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159740,250],{"class":130},[55,159742,159743],{"class":65}," \u003C",[55,159745,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159747,2884],{"class":73},[55,159749,1772],{"class":77},[55,159751,2889],{"class":73},[55,159753,2892],{"class":65},[55,159755,159756,159759,159761,159763,159765,159767,159769],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159757,159758],{"class":61},"ten ",[55,159760,2878],{"class":65},[55,159762,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159764,2884],{"class":73},[55,159766,3032],{"class":77},[55,159768,2889],{"class":73},[55,159770,2892],{"class":65},[55,159772,159773,159775,159777,159779,159781,159783,159785,159787,159789],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,159774,127],{"class":69},[55,159776,250],{"class":130},[55,159778,1277],{"class":69},[55,159780,159743],{"class":65},[55,159782,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159784,2884],{"class":73},[55,159786,7688],{"class":77},[55,159788,2889],{"class":73},[55,159790,2892],{"class":65},[14,159792,159793,159795],{},[52,159794,1887],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[14,159797,159798],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[45,159800,159802],{"className":47,"code":159801,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[52,159803,159804,159822,159836,159840,159854],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159805,159806,159808,159810,159812,159814,159816,159818,159820],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159807,2980],{"class":61},[55,159809,66],{"class":65},[55,159811,7837],{"class":116},[55,159813,120],{"class":69},[55,159815,74],{"class":73},[55,159817,41468],{"class":77},[55,159819,74],{"class":73},[55,159821,103],{"class":69},[55,159823,159824,159826,159828,159830,159832,159834],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159825,117],{"class":116},[55,159827,120],{"class":69},[55,159829,1396],{"class":850},[55,159831,120],{"class":69},[55,159833,3006],{"class":123},[55,159835,1357],{"class":69},[55,159837,159838],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,159839,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,159841,159842,159844,159846,159848,159850,159852],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,159843,122587],{"class":61},[55,159845,66],{"class":65},[55,159847,44874],{"class":850},[55,159849,120],{"class":69},[55,159851,3006],{"class":123},[55,159853,103],{"class":69},[55,159855,159856,159858,159860,159862,159864,159866],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,159857,117],{"class":116},[55,159859,120],{"class":69},[55,159861,1396],{"class":850},[55,159863,120],{"class":69},[55,159865,122610],{"class":123},[55,159867,1357],{"class":69},[14,159869,40717,159870,40721],{},[52,159871,8791],{},[45,159873,159874],{"className":47,"code":124663,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,159875,159876,159890],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159877,159878,159880,159882,159884,159886,159888],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159879,2878],{"class":65},[55,159881,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159883,2884],{"class":73},[55,159885,3032],{"class":77},[55,159887,2889],{"class":73},[55,159889,2892],{"class":65},[55,159891,159892,159894,159896,159898,159900,159902],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159893,2878],{"class":65},[55,159895,2881],{"class":1648},[55,159897,2884],{"class":73},[55,159899,1772],{"class":77},[55,159901,2889],{"class":73},[55,159903,2892],{"class":65},[14,159905,45301,159906,159910,159911,2465,159915,159919],{},[194,159907,159908],{"href":7814},[52,159909,2545],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[194,159912,159913],{"href":2461},[52,159914,2464],{},[194,159916,159917],{"href":2468},[52,159918,2471],{}," if you need a number.",[14,159921,159922,159923,198],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[194,159924,8578],{"href":8577},[37,159926,159928,10183,159930],{"id":159927},"type-vs-isinstance",[52,159929,1887],{},[52,159931,44403],{},[14,159933,159934,3983,159936,159938],{},[52,159935,1887],{},[52,159937,44403],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[21,159940,159941,159946],{},[24,159942,159943,159945],{},[52,159944,1887],{}," tells you the exact type",[24,159947,159948,159950],{},[52,159949,44403],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[14,159952,233],{},[45,159954,159956],{"className":47,"code":159955,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[52,159957,159958,159966,159970,159984],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,159959,159960,159962,159964],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,159961,2031],{"class":61},[55,159963,66],{"class":65},[55,159965,34442],{"class":130},[55,159967,159968],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,159969,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,159971,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980,159982],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,159973,117],{"class":116},[55,159975,120],{"class":69},[55,159977,1396],{"class":850},[55,159979,120],{"class":69},[55,159981,2058],{"class":123},[55,159983,1357],{"class":69},[55,159985,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994,159996,159998,160000],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,159987,117],{"class":116},[55,159989,120],{"class":69},[55,159991,48473],{"class":116},[55,159993,120],{"class":69},[55,159995,2058],{"class":123},[55,159997,83],{"class":69},[55,159999,44874],{"class":850},[55,160001,1357],{"class":69},[14,160003,314],{},[45,160005,160007],{"className":47,"code":160006,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[52,160008,160009,160023],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160010,160011,160013,160015,160017,160019,160021],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160012,2878],{"class":65},[55,160014,2881],{"class":1648},[55,160016,2884],{"class":73},[55,160018,1772],{"class":77},[55,160020,2889],{"class":73},[55,160022,2892],{"class":65},[55,160024,160025],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160026,3570],{"class":3443},[14,160028,160029,160030,160032],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[52,160031,44403],{}," is more practical.",[45,160034,160036],{"className":47,"code":160035,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[52,160037,160038,160046,160050,160066],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160039,160040,160042,160044],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160041,2031],{"class":61},[55,160043,66],{"class":65},[55,160045,34442],{"class":130},[55,160047,160048],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160049,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,160051,160052,160054,160056,160058,160060,160062,160064],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,160053,960],{"class":959},[55,160055,49211],{"class":116},[55,160057,120],{"class":69},[55,160059,2058],{"class":123},[55,160061,83],{"class":69},[55,160063,44874],{"class":850},[55,160065,839],{"class":69},[55,160067,160068,160070,160072,160074,160077,160079],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,160069,985],{"class":116},[55,160071,120],{"class":69},[55,160073,74],{"class":73},[55,160075,160076],{"class":77},"This is an integer",[55,160078,74],{"class":73},[55,160080,103],{"class":69},[14,160082,1440,160083,160085],{},[52,160084,1887],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[14,160087,1440,160088,160090,160091,6766],{},[52,160089,44403],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[52,160092,960],{},[14,160094,160095,160096,198],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[194,160097,3165,160099,3098],{"href":160098},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[52,160100,44403],{},[37,160102,160104,160105],{"id":160103},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[52,160106,1887],{},[14,160108,160109],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[45,160111,160113],{"className":47,"code":160112,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[52,160114,160115],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160116,160117,160119,160121,160123,160125,160128,160130,160132],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160118,1396],{"class":850},[55,160120,120],{"class":69},[55,160122,7263],{"class":123},[55,160124,83],{"class":69},[55,160126,160127],{"class":123}," bases",[55,160129,83],{"class":69},[55,160131,8768],{"class":850},[55,160133,103],{"class":69},[14,160135,160136],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[14,160138,233],{},[45,160140,160142],{"className":47,"code":160141,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[52,160143,160144,160187,160191,160201],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160145,160146,160149,160151,160153,160155,160157,160160,160162,160164,160167,160169,160171,160174,160176,160178,160180,160183,160185],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160147,160148],{"class":61},"Person ",[55,160150,66],{"class":65},[55,160152,48988],{"class":850},[55,160154,120],{"class":69},[55,160156,74],{"class":73},[55,160158,160159],{"class":77},"Person",[55,160161,74],{"class":73},[55,160163,83],{"class":69},[55,160165,160166],{"class":69}," (),",[55,160168,10088],{"class":69},[55,160170,74],{"class":73},[55,160172,160173],{"class":77},"species",[55,160175,74],{"class":73},[55,160177,854],{"class":69},[55,160179,86],{"class":73},[55,160181,160182],{"class":77},"human",[55,160184,74],{"class":73},[55,160186,30094],{"class":69},[55,160188,160189],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160190,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,160192,160193,160195,160197,160199],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,160194,117],{"class":116},[55,160196,120],{"class":69},[55,160198,160159],{"class":123},[55,160200,103],{"class":69},[55,160202,160203,160205,160207,160209,160211,160213],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,160204,117],{"class":116},[55,160206,120],{"class":69},[55,160208,160159],{"class":123},[55,160210,198],{"class":69},[55,160212,160173],{"class":24347},[55,160214,103],{"class":69},[14,160216,314],{},[45,160218,160220],{"className":47,"code":160219,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[52,160221,160222,160237],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160223,160224,160226,160228,160230,160233,160235],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160225,2878],{"class":65},[55,160227,2881],{"class":1648},[55,160229,2884],{"class":73},[55,160231,160232],{"class":77},"__main__.Person",[55,160234,2889],{"class":73},[55,160236,2892],{"class":65},[55,160238,160239],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160240,160241],{"class":61},"human\n",[14,160243,160244,160245,160247],{},"Most beginners do ",[3332,160246,4222],{}," need this form.",[14,160249,160250],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[37,160252,4553,160254],{"id":160253},"when-to-use-type",[52,160255,1887],{},[14,160257,160258,12044],{},[52,160259,1887],{},[21,160261,160262,160265,160268,160271],{},[24,160263,160264],{},"debug unexpected values",[24,160266,160267],{},"check what a conversion produced",[24,160269,160270],{},"learn Python data types",[24,160272,160273],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[14,160275,5064],{},[45,160277,160279],{"className":47,"code":160278,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[52,160280,160281,160293,160307,160311,160325],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160282,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160284,34287],{"class":61},[55,160286,66],{"class":65},[55,160288,86],{"class":73},[55,160290,49843],{"class":77},[55,160292,1288],{"class":73},[55,160294,160295,160297,160299,160301,160303,160305],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160296,1801],{"class":61},[55,160298,66],{"class":65},[55,160300,44874],{"class":850},[55,160302,120],{"class":69},[55,160304,34308],{"class":123},[55,160306,103],{"class":69},[55,160308,160309],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,160310,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,160312,160313,160315,160317,160319,160321,160323],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,160314,117],{"class":116},[55,160316,120],{"class":69},[55,160318,1396],{"class":850},[55,160320,120],{"class":69},[55,160322,34308],{"class":123},[55,160324,1357],{"class":69},[55,160326,160327,160329,160331,160333,160335,160337],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,160328,117],{"class":116},[55,160330,120],{"class":69},[55,160332,1396],{"class":850},[55,160334,120],{"class":69},[55,160336,1824],{"class":123},[55,160338,1357],{"class":69},[14,160340,314],{},[45,160342,160343],{"className":47,"code":124663,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,160344,160345,160359],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160346,160347,160349,160351,160353,160355,160357],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160348,2878],{"class":65},[55,160350,2881],{"class":1648},[55,160352,2884],{"class":73},[55,160354,3032],{"class":77},[55,160356,2889],{"class":73},[55,160358,2892],{"class":65},[55,160360,160361,160363,160365,160367,160369,160371],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160362,2878],{"class":65},[55,160364,2881],{"class":1648},[55,160366,2884],{"class":73},[55,160368,1772],{"class":77},[55,160370,2889],{"class":73},[55,160372,2892],{"class":65},[14,160374,160375],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[14,160377,160378,160379,1773,160383,16670,160387,160391],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[194,160380,160381],{"href":41772},[52,160382,47281],{},[194,160384,160385],{"href":2461},[52,160386,2464],{},[194,160388,160389],{"href":2468},[52,160390,2471],{}," are often the next step.",[37,160393,24955],{"id":24954},[14,160395,160396,160397,160399],{},"A few things about ",[52,160398,1887],{}," often confuse beginners.",[1425,160401,160403,160406],{"id":160402},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[52,160404,160405],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[14,160408,64239],{},[45,160410,160412],{"className":47,"code":160411,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(5))\n",[52,160413,160414],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160415,160416,160418,160420,160422,160424,160426],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160417,117],{"class":116},[55,160419,120],{"class":69},[55,160421,1396],{"class":850},[55,160423,120],{"class":69},[55,160425,817],{"class":130},[55,160427,1357],{"class":69},[14,160429,122506],{},[45,160431,160432],{"className":47,"code":155881,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,160433,160434],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160435,160436,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160437,2878],{"class":65},[55,160439,2881],{"class":1648},[55,160441,2884],{"class":73},[55,160443,1772],{"class":77},[55,160445,2889],{"class":73},[55,160447,2892],{"class":65},[14,160449,40502,160450,160452,160453,198],{},[3332,160451,4222],{}," print just ",[52,160454,1772],{},[14,160456,6272,160457,160459],{},[52,160458,1887],{}," returns a class object.",[1425,160461,160463,1981,160465],{"id":160462},"input-returns-str",[52,160464,2545],{},[52,160466,3032],{},[14,160468,79132],{},[45,160470,160472],{"className":47,"code":160471,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[52,160473,160474,160492],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160475,160476,160478,160480,160482,160484,160486,160488,160490],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160477,2031],{"class":61},[55,160479,66],{"class":65},[55,160481,7837],{"class":116},[55,160483,120],{"class":69},[55,160485,74],{"class":73},[55,160487,45908],{"class":77},[55,160489,74],{"class":73},[55,160491,103],{"class":69},[55,160493,160494,160496,160498,160500,160502,160504],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160495,117],{"class":116},[55,160497,120],{"class":69},[55,160499,1396],{"class":850},[55,160501,120],{"class":69},[55,160503,2058],{"class":123},[55,160505,1357],{"class":69},[14,160507,160508],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[14,160510,160511,160512,2465,160514,198],{},"If you need a number, use ",[52,160513,2464],{},[52,160515,2471],{},[1425,160517,160519],{"id":160518},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[14,160521,160522],{},"Avoid code like this:",[45,160524,160526],{"className":47,"code":160525,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[52,160527,160528,160536,160540,160566],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160529,160530,160532,160534],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160531,2031],{"class":61},[55,160533,66],{"class":65},[55,160535,34442],{"class":130},[55,160537,160538],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160539,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,160541,160542,160544,160546,160548,160550,160552,160554,160556,160558,160560,160562,160564],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,160543,960],{"class":959},[55,160545,48502],{"class":850},[55,160547,120],{"class":69},[55,160549,1396],{"class":850},[55,160551,120],{"class":69},[55,160553,2058],{"class":123},[55,160555,947],{"class":69},[55,160557,6002],{"class":65},[55,160559,86],{"class":73},[55,160561,159260],{"class":77},[55,160563,74],{"class":73},[55,160565,979],{"class":69},[55,160567,160568,160570,160572,160574,160577,160579],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,160569,985],{"class":116},[55,160571,120],{"class":69},[55,160573,74],{"class":73},[55,160575,160576],{"class":77},"It is an int",[55,160578,74],{"class":73},[55,160580,103],{"class":69},[14,160582,160583],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[14,160585,160586],{},"Better options:",[45,160588,160590],{"className":47,"code":160589,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[52,160591,160592,160600,160604,160624],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160593,160594,160596,160598],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160595,2031],{"class":61},[55,160597,66],{"class":65},[55,160599,34442],{"class":130},[55,160601,160602],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160603,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,160605,160606,160608,160610,160612,160614,160616,160618,160620,160622],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,160607,117],{"class":116},[55,160609,120],{"class":69},[55,160611,1396],{"class":850},[55,160613,120],{"class":69},[55,160615,2058],{"class":123},[55,160617,970],{"class":69},[55,160619,6002],{"class":65},[55,160621,44874],{"class":850},[55,160623,103],{"class":69},[55,160625,160626,160628,160630,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,160627,117],{"class":116},[55,160629,120],{"class":69},[55,160631,48473],{"class":116},[55,160633,120],{"class":69},[55,160635,2058],{"class":123},[55,160637,83],{"class":69},[55,160639,44874],{"class":850},[55,160641,1357],{"class":69},[14,160643,314],{},[45,160645,160646],{"className":47,"code":4095,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,160647,160648,160652],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160649,160650],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160651,3570],{"class":3443},[55,160653,160654],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160655,3570],{"class":3443},[14,160657,160658,160659,160661],{},"In most real code, ",[52,160660,44403],{}," is the more useful check.",[37,160663,1298],{"id":1297},[14,160665,14330,160666,854],{},[52,160667,1887],{},[21,160669,160670,160680,160689,160698],{},[24,160671,8012,160672,160674,160675,160679],{},[52,160673,1887],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[194,160676,160677],{"href":7814},[52,160678,2545],{}," always returns a string",[24,160681,8048,160682,160684,160685,1309,160687],{},[52,160683,1887],{}," to return plain text like ",[52,160686,1772],{},[52,160688,159260],{},[24,160690,8012,160691,44227,160694,160697],{},[52,160692,160693],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[52,160695,160696],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[24,160699,160700],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[14,160702,160703,160704,198],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[194,160705,160707],{"href":160706},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[14,160709,144170],{},[45,160711,160713],{"className":47,"code":160712,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[52,160714,160715,160729,160739,160753,160763],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160716,160717,160719,160721,160723,160725,160727],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160718,117],{"class":116},[55,160720,120],{"class":69},[55,160722,1396],{"class":850},[55,160724,120],{"class":69},[55,160726,2058],{"class":123},[55,160728,1357],{"class":69},[55,160730,160731,160733,160735,160737],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160732,117],{"class":116},[55,160734,120],{"class":69},[55,160736,2058],{"class":123},[55,160738,103],{"class":69},[55,160740,160741,160743,160745,160747,160749,160751],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,160742,117],{"class":116},[55,160744,120],{"class":69},[55,160746,41376],{"class":116},[55,160748,120],{"class":69},[55,160750,2058],{"class":123},[55,160752,1357],{"class":69},[55,160754,160755,160757,160759,160761],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,160756,31751],{"class":116},[55,160758,120],{"class":69},[55,160760,1396],{"class":850},[55,160762,103],{"class":69},[55,160764,160765,160767,160769,160771],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,160766,33972],{"class":116},[55,160768,120],{"class":69},[55,160770,2058],{"class":123},[55,160772,103],{"class":69},[14,160774,160775],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[37,160777,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,160779,4733,160781,4736],{"id":160780},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[52,160782,1887],{},[14,160784,160785,160786,1773,160788,1773,160790,1777,160792,160794,160795,198],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[52,160787,3032],{},[52,160789,1772],{},[52,160791,7688],{},[52,160793,8418],{},", shown as a class object like ",[52,160796,159257],{},[1425,160798,14500,160800,56802,160802,2078],{"id":160799},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[52,160801,1887],{},[52,160803,44403],{},[14,160805,45963,160806,160808,160809,160811],{},[52,160807,1887],{}," shows the exact type. ",[52,160810,44403],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[1425,160813,4749,160815,160818,160819,2078],{"id":160814},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[52,160816,160817],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[52,160820,3032],{},[14,160822,28658,160823,160825,160826,2465,160828,159919],{},[52,160824,2545],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[52,160827,2464],{},[52,160829,2471],{},[1425,160831,4761,160833,160835],{"id":160832},"can-type-create-classes",[52,160834,1887],{}," create classes?",[14,160837,160838,160839,198],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[52,160840,160841],{},"type(object)",[37,160843,1495],{"id":1494},[21,160845,160846,160850,160856,160862,160866,160872,160878],{},[24,160847,160848],{},[194,160849,44395],{"href":48576},[24,160851,160852],{},[194,160853,3165,160854,3098],{"href":160098},[52,160855,44403],{},[24,160857,160858],{},[194,160859,3165,160860,3098],{"href":7814},[52,160861,2545],{},[24,160863,160864],{},[194,160865,8655],{"href":8577},[24,160867,160868],{},[194,160869,3165,160870,3098],{"href":2461},[52,160871,2464],{},[24,160873,160874],{},[194,160875,3165,160876,3098],{"href":2468},[52,160877,2471],{},[24,160879,160880],{},[194,160881,3165,160882,3098],{"href":41772},[52,160883,47281],{},[1524,160885,160886],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":160888},[160889,160890,160892,160893,160894,160896,160898,160900,160902,160909,160910,160920],{"id":39,"depth":106,"text":40},{"id":159263,"depth":106,"text":160891},"What the type() function does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":121474,"depth":106,"text":121475},{"id":159621,"depth":106,"text":160895},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159927,"depth":106,"text":160897},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160103,"depth":106,"text":160899},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160253,"depth":106,"text":160901},"When to use type()",{"id":24954,"depth":106,"text":24955,"children":160903},[160904,160906,160908],{"id":160402,"depth":113,"text":160905},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160462,"depth":113,"text":160907},"input() returns str",{"id":160518,"depth":113,"text":160519},{"id":1297,"depth":106,"text":1298},{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":160911},[160912,160914,160916,160918],{"id":160780,"depth":113,"text":160913},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160799,"depth":113,"text":160915},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160814,"depth":113,"text":160917},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160832,"depth":113,"text":160919},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159097,"description":160921},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160927,"title":160928,"body":160929,"description":163408,"extension":1546,"meta":163409,"navigation":109,"path":163410,"seo":163411,"stem":163412,"__hash__":163413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160930,"toc":163365},[160931,160936,160941,160950,160952,161052,161054,161079,161084,161089,161105,161108,161110,161112,161137,161140,161143,161226,161228,161277,161280,161402,161404,161477,161481,161484,161598,161600,161626,161628,161649,161654,161658,161663,161666,161770,161772,161789,161798,161801,161888,161890,161901,161906,161912,161917,161923,161926,162019,162021,162070,162076,162079,162180,162182,162235,162240,162244,162247,162346,162348,162387,162390,162395,162397,162402,162406,162519,162523,162620,162624,162712,162714,162731,162735,162858,162864,162870,162876,162881,162884,162911,162915,162917,163011,163014,163018,163021,163108,163111,163146,163148,163185,163188,163196,163201,163206,163280,163287,163289,163294,163297,163303,163306,163312,163317,163323,163328,163332,163335,163337,163362],[10,160932,3165,160934,3169],{"id":160933},"python-zip-function-explained",[52,160935,63915],{},[14,160937,160938,160940],{},[52,160939,63915],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[14,160942,160943,160944,160946,160947,160949],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[52,160945,63915],{}," inside a ",[52,160948,5551],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[37,160951,1588],{"id":1587},[45,160953,160955],{"className":47,"code":160954,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[52,160956,160957,160989,161009,161013,161038],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,160958,160959,160961,160963,160965,160967,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,160960,636],{"class":61},[55,160962,66],{"class":65},[55,160964,3211],{"class":69},[55,160966,74],{"class":73},[55,160968,645],{"class":77},[55,160970,74],{"class":73},[55,160972,83],{"class":69},[55,160974,86],{"class":73},[55,160976,654],{"class":77},[55,160978,74],{"class":73},[55,160980,83],{"class":69},[55,160982,86],{"class":73},[55,160984,663],{"class":77},[55,160986,74],{"class":73},[55,160988,386],{"class":69},[55,160990,160991,160993,160995,160997,160999,161001,161003,161005,161007],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,160992,4654],{"class":61},[55,160994,66],{"class":65},[55,160996,3211],{"class":69},[55,160998,13098],{"class":130},[55,161000,83],{"class":69},[55,161002,13103],{"class":130},[55,161004,83],{"class":69},[55,161006,28517],{"class":130},[55,161008,386],{"class":69},[55,161010,161011],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161012,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,161014,161015,161017,161019,161021,161023,161025,161028,161030,161032,161034,161036],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,161016,5551],{"class":959},[55,161018,35590],{"class":61},[55,161020,83],{"class":69},[55,161022,4696],{"class":61},[55,161024,3474],{"class":959},[55,161026,161027],{"class":116}," zip",[55,161029,120],{"class":69},[55,161031,680],{"class":123},[55,161033,83],{"class":69},[55,161035,4701],{"class":123},[55,161037,839],{"class":69},[55,161039,161040,161042,161044,161046,161048,161050],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,161041,985],{"class":116},[55,161043,120],{"class":69},[55,161045,7263],{"class":123},[55,161047,83],{"class":69},[55,161049,130452],{"class":123},[55,161051,103],{"class":69},[14,161053,314],{},[45,161055,161057],{"className":47,"code":161056,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[52,161058,161059,161065,161072],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161060,161061,161063],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161062,133469],{"class":61},[55,161064,32735],{"class":130},[55,161066,161067,161070],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161068,161069],{"class":61},"Ben ",[55,161071,32740],{"class":130},[55,161073,161074,161077],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161075,161076],{"class":61},"Cara ",[55,161078,32745],{"class":130},[14,161080,1440,161081,161083],{},[52,161082,63915],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[37,161085,3265,161087,3268],{"id":161086},"what-zip-does",[52,161088,63915],{},[21,161090,161091,161096,161099,161102],{},[24,161092,161093,161095],{},[52,161094,63915],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[24,161097,161098],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[24,161100,161101],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[24,161103,161104],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[14,161106,161107],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[37,161109,1740],{"id":1739},[14,161111,6812],{},[45,161113,161115],{"className":47,"code":161114,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[52,161116,161117],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161118,161119,161121,161123,161126,161128,161131,161133,161135],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161120,63985],{"class":116},[55,161122,120],{"class":69},[55,161124,161125],{"class":123},"iterable1",[55,161127,83],{"class":69},[55,161129,161130],{"class":123}," iterable2",[55,161132,83],{"class":69},[55,161134,34053],{"class":116},[55,161136,103],{"class":69},[14,161138,161139],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[14,161141,161142],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[45,161144,161146],{"className":47,"code":161145,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[52,161147,161148,161168,161200,161204],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161149,161150,161152,161154,161156,161158,161160,161162,161164,161166],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161151,243],{"class":61},[55,161153,66],{"class":65},[55,161155,3211],{"class":69},[55,161157,152],{"class":130},[55,161159,83],{"class":69},[55,161161,976],{"class":130},[55,161163,83],{"class":69},[55,161165,2036],{"class":130},[55,161167,386],{"class":69},[55,161169,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178,161180,161182,161184,161186,161188,161190,161192,161194,161196,161198],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161171,769],{"class":61},[55,161173,66],{"class":65},[55,161175,3211],{"class":69},[55,161177,74],{"class":73},[55,161179,194],{"class":77},[55,161181,74],{"class":73},[55,161183,83],{"class":69},[55,161185,86],{"class":73},[55,161187,786],{"class":77},[55,161189,74],{"class":73},[55,161191,83],{"class":69},[55,161193,86],{"class":73},[55,161195,795],{"class":77},[55,161197,74],{"class":73},[55,161199,386],{"class":69},[55,161201,161202],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161203,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,161205,161206,161208,161210,161212,161214,161216,161218,161220,161222,161224],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,161207,117],{"class":116},[55,161209,120],{"class":69},[55,161211,7688],{"class":850},[55,161213,120],{"class":69},[55,161215,63985],{"class":116},[55,161217,120],{"class":69},[55,161219,275],{"class":123},[55,161221,83],{"class":69},[55,161223,69690],{"class":123},[55,161225,2499],{"class":69},[14,161227,314],{},[45,161229,161231],{"className":47,"code":161230,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[52,161232,161233],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161234,161235,161237,161239,161241,161243,161245,161247,161249,161251,161253,161255,161257,161259,161261,161263,161265,161267,161269,161271,161273,161275],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161236,21337],{"class":69},[55,161238,152],{"class":130},[55,161240,83],{"class":69},[55,161242,2884],{"class":73},[55,161244,194],{"class":77},[55,161246,2889],{"class":73},[55,161248,8831],{"class":69},[55,161250,70],{"class":69},[55,161252,309],{"class":130},[55,161254,83],{"class":69},[55,161256,2884],{"class":73},[55,161258,786],{"class":77},[55,161260,2889],{"class":73},[55,161262,8831],{"class":69},[55,161264,70],{"class":69},[55,161266,609],{"class":130},[55,161268,83],{"class":69},[55,161270,2884],{"class":73},[55,161272,795],{"class":77},[55,161274,2889],{"class":73},[55,161276,8846],{"class":69},[14,161278,161279],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[45,161281,161283],{"className":47,"code":161282,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[52,161284,161285,161317,161337,161371,161375],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161286,161287,161289,161291,161293,161295,161297,161299,161301,161303,161305,161307,161309,161311,161313,161315],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161288,636],{"class":61},[55,161290,66],{"class":65},[55,161292,3211],{"class":69},[55,161294,74],{"class":73},[55,161296,645],{"class":77},[55,161298,74],{"class":73},[55,161300,83],{"class":69},[55,161302,86],{"class":73},[55,161304,654],{"class":77},[55,161306,74],{"class":73},[55,161308,83],{"class":69},[55,161310,86],{"class":73},[55,161312,663],{"class":77},[55,161314,74],{"class":73},[55,161316,386],{"class":69},[55,161318,161319,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161331,161333,161335],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161320,4654],{"class":61},[55,161322,66],{"class":65},[55,161324,3211],{"class":69},[55,161326,13098],{"class":130},[55,161328,83],{"class":69},[55,161330,13103],{"class":130},[55,161332,83],{"class":69},[55,161334,28517],{"class":130},[55,161336,386],{"class":69},[55,161338,161339,161342,161344,161346,161348,161350,161352,161354,161356,161358,161360,161362,161364,161367,161369],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161340,161341],{"class":61},"grades ",[55,161343,66],{"class":65},[55,161345,3211],{"class":69},[55,161347,74],{"class":73},[55,161349,21842],{"class":77},[55,161351,74],{"class":73},[55,161353,83],{"class":69},[55,161355,86],{"class":73},[55,161357,30198],{"class":77},[55,161359,74],{"class":73},[55,161361,83],{"class":69},[55,161363,86],{"class":73},[55,161365,161366],{"class":77},"B+",[55,161368,74],{"class":73},[55,161370,386],{"class":69},[55,161372,161373],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,161374,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,161376,161377,161379,161381,161383,161385,161387,161389,161391,161393,161395,161397,161400],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,161378,117],{"class":116},[55,161380,120],{"class":69},[55,161382,7688],{"class":850},[55,161384,120],{"class":69},[55,161386,63985],{"class":116},[55,161388,120],{"class":69},[55,161390,680],{"class":123},[55,161392,83],{"class":69},[55,161394,4701],{"class":123},[55,161396,83],{"class":69},[55,161398,161399],{"class":123}," grades",[55,161401,2499],{"class":69},[14,161403,314],{},[45,161405,161407],{"className":47,"code":161406,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[52,161408,161409],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161410,161411,161413,161415,161417,161419,161421,161423,161425,161427,161429,161431,161433,161435,161437,161439,161441,161443,161445,161447,161449,161451,161453,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463,161465,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161412,21337],{"class":69},[55,161414,2889],{"class":73},[55,161416,645],{"class":77},[55,161418,2889],{"class":73},[55,161420,83],{"class":69},[55,161422,19495],{"class":130},[55,161424,83],{"class":69},[55,161426,2884],{"class":73},[55,161428,21842],{"class":77},[55,161430,2889],{"class":73},[55,161432,8831],{"class":69},[55,161434,70],{"class":69},[55,161436,2889],{"class":73},[55,161438,654],{"class":77},[55,161440,2889],{"class":73},[55,161442,83],{"class":69},[55,161444,13103],{"class":130},[55,161446,83],{"class":69},[55,161448,2884],{"class":73},[55,161450,30198],{"class":77},[55,161452,2889],{"class":73},[55,161454,8831],{"class":69},[55,161456,70],{"class":69},[55,161458,2889],{"class":73},[55,161460,663],{"class":77},[55,161462,2889],{"class":73},[55,161464,83],{"class":69},[55,161466,28517],{"class":130},[55,161468,83],{"class":69},[55,161470,2884],{"class":73},[55,161472,161366],{"class":77},[55,161474,2889],{"class":73},[55,161476,8846],{"class":69},[37,161478,161480],{"id":161479},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[14,161482,161483],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[45,161485,161487],{"className":47,"code":161486,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[52,161488,161489,161521,161541,161545,161569],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161490,161491,161493,161495,161497,161499,161501,161503,161505,161507,161509,161511,161513,161515,161517,161519],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161492,636],{"class":61},[55,161494,66],{"class":65},[55,161496,3211],{"class":69},[55,161498,74],{"class":73},[55,161500,645],{"class":77},[55,161502,74],{"class":73},[55,161504,83],{"class":69},[55,161506,86],{"class":73},[55,161508,654],{"class":77},[55,161510,74],{"class":73},[55,161512,83],{"class":69},[55,161514,86],{"class":73},[55,161516,663],{"class":77},[55,161518,74],{"class":73},[55,161520,386],{"class":69},[55,161522,161523,161525,161527,161529,161531,161533,161535,161537,161539],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161524,4654],{"class":61},[55,161526,66],{"class":65},[55,161528,3211],{"class":69},[55,161530,13098],{"class":130},[55,161532,83],{"class":69},[55,161534,13103],{"class":130},[55,161536,83],{"class":69},[55,161538,28517],{"class":130},[55,161540,386],{"class":69},[55,161542,161543],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161544,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,161546,161547,161549,161551,161553,161555,161557,161559,161561,161563,161565,161567],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,161548,5551],{"class":959},[55,161550,35590],{"class":61},[55,161552,83],{"class":69},[55,161554,4696],{"class":61},[55,161556,3474],{"class":959},[55,161558,161027],{"class":116},[55,161560,120],{"class":69},[55,161562,680],{"class":123},[55,161564,83],{"class":69},[55,161566,4701],{"class":123},[55,161568,839],{"class":69},[55,161570,161571,161573,161575,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161588,161590,161592,161594,161596],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,161572,985],{"class":116},[55,161574,120],{"class":69},[55,161576,21891],{"class":1648},[55,161578,74],{"class":77},[55,161580,8875],{"class":130},[55,161582,7263],{"class":123},[55,161584,21900],{"class":130},[55,161586,161587],{"class":77}," scored ",[55,161589,8875],{"class":130},[55,161591,85110],{"class":123},[55,161593,21900],{"class":130},[55,161595,74],{"class":77},[55,161597,103],{"class":69},[14,161599,314],{},[45,161601,161603],{"className":47,"code":161602,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[52,161604,161605,161612,161619],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161606,161607,161610],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161608,161609],{"class":61},"Ana scored ",[55,161611,32735],{"class":130},[55,161613,161614,161617],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161615,161616],{"class":61},"Ben scored ",[55,161618,32740],{"class":130},[55,161620,161621,161624],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161622,161623],{"class":61},"Cara scored ",[55,161625,32745],{"class":130},[14,161627,44528],{},[21,161629,161630,161639,161642],{},[24,161631,161632,161635,161636],{},[52,161633,161634],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[52,161637,161638],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[24,161640,161641],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[24,161643,161644,3983,161646,161648],{},[52,161645,7263],{},[52,161647,85110],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[14,161650,161651,161652,198],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[194,161653,69208],{"href":69207},[37,161655,161657],{"id":161656},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[14,161659,161660,161662],{},[52,161661,63915],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,161664,161665],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[45,161667,161669],{"className":47,"code":161668,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[52,161670,161671,161712,161728,161732,161756],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161672,161673,161675,161677,161679,161681,161683,161685,161687,161689,161691,161693,161695,161697,161699,161701,161703,161705,161708,161710],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161674,636],{"class":61},[55,161676,66],{"class":65},[55,161678,3211],{"class":69},[55,161680,74],{"class":73},[55,161682,645],{"class":77},[55,161684,74],{"class":73},[55,161686,83],{"class":69},[55,161688,86],{"class":73},[55,161690,654],{"class":77},[55,161692,74],{"class":73},[55,161694,83],{"class":69},[55,161696,86],{"class":73},[55,161698,663],{"class":77},[55,161700,74],{"class":73},[55,161702,83],{"class":69},[55,161704,86],{"class":73},[55,161706,161707],{"class":77},"Dan",[55,161709,74],{"class":73},[55,161711,386],{"class":69},[55,161713,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161715,4654],{"class":61},[55,161717,66],{"class":65},[55,161719,3211],{"class":69},[55,161721,13098],{"class":130},[55,161723,83],{"class":69},[55,161725,13103],{"class":130},[55,161727,386],{"class":69},[55,161729,161730],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161731,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,161733,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742,161744,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,161735,5551],{"class":959},[55,161737,35590],{"class":61},[55,161739,83],{"class":69},[55,161741,4696],{"class":61},[55,161743,3474],{"class":959},[55,161745,161027],{"class":116},[55,161747,120],{"class":69},[55,161749,680],{"class":123},[55,161751,83],{"class":69},[55,161753,4701],{"class":123},[55,161755,839],{"class":69},[55,161757,161758,161760,161762,161764,161766,161768],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,161759,985],{"class":116},[55,161761,120],{"class":69},[55,161763,7263],{"class":123},[55,161765,83],{"class":69},[55,161767,130452],{"class":123},[55,161769,103],{"class":69},[14,161771,314],{},[45,161773,161775],{"className":47,"code":161774,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[52,161776,161777,161783],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161778,161779,161781],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161780,133469],{"class":61},[55,161782,32735],{"class":130},[55,161784,161785,161787],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161786,161069],{"class":61},[55,161788,32740],{"class":130},[14,161790,1871,161791,3983,161794,161797],{},[52,161792,161793],{},"\"Cara\"",[52,161795,161796],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[14,161799,161800],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[45,161802,161804],{"className":47,"code":161803,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[52,161805,161806,161846,161862,161866],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161807,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161826,161828,161830,161832,161834,161836,161838,161840,161842,161844],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161809,636],{"class":61},[55,161811,66],{"class":65},[55,161813,3211],{"class":69},[55,161815,74],{"class":73},[55,161817,645],{"class":77},[55,161819,74],{"class":73},[55,161821,83],{"class":69},[55,161823,86],{"class":73},[55,161825,654],{"class":77},[55,161827,74],{"class":73},[55,161829,83],{"class":69},[55,161831,86],{"class":73},[55,161833,663],{"class":77},[55,161835,74],{"class":73},[55,161837,83],{"class":69},[55,161839,86],{"class":73},[55,161841,161707],{"class":77},[55,161843,74],{"class":73},[55,161845,386],{"class":69},[55,161847,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161849,4654],{"class":61},[55,161851,66],{"class":65},[55,161853,3211],{"class":69},[55,161855,13098],{"class":130},[55,161857,83],{"class":69},[55,161859,13103],{"class":130},[55,161861,386],{"class":69},[55,161863,161864],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161865,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,161867,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,161869,117],{"class":116},[55,161871,120],{"class":69},[55,161873,940],{"class":116},[55,161875,120],{"class":69},[55,161877,680],{"class":123},[55,161879,8831],{"class":69},[55,161881,963],{"class":116},[55,161883,120],{"class":69},[55,161885,15986],{"class":123},[55,161887,1357],{"class":69},[14,161889,314],{},[45,161891,161893],{"className":47,"code":161892,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"4 2\n",[52,161894,161895],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161896,161897,161899],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161898,2091],{"class":130},[55,161900,45187],{"class":130},[14,161902,161903,161904,198],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[52,161905,63915],{},[37,161907,91701,161909,161911],{"id":161908},"converting-zip-output",[52,161910,63915],{}," output",[14,161913,28658,161914,161916],{},[52,161915,63915],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[1425,161918,1440,161920],{"id":161919},"use-listzip",[52,161921,161922],{},"list(zip(...))",[14,161924,161925],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[45,161927,161929],{"className":47,"code":161928,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[52,161930,161931,161963,161983,161987,162009],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,161932,161933,161935,161937,161939,161941,161943,161945,161947,161949,161951,161953,161955,161957,161959,161961],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,161934,636],{"class":61},[55,161936,66],{"class":65},[55,161938,3211],{"class":69},[55,161940,74],{"class":73},[55,161942,645],{"class":77},[55,161944,74],{"class":73},[55,161946,83],{"class":69},[55,161948,86],{"class":73},[55,161950,654],{"class":77},[55,161952,74],{"class":73},[55,161954,83],{"class":69},[55,161956,86],{"class":73},[55,161958,663],{"class":77},[55,161960,74],{"class":73},[55,161962,386],{"class":69},[55,161964,161965,161967,161969,161971,161973,161975,161977,161979,161981],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,161966,4654],{"class":61},[55,161968,66],{"class":65},[55,161970,3211],{"class":69},[55,161972,13098],{"class":130},[55,161974,83],{"class":69},[55,161976,13103],{"class":130},[55,161978,83],{"class":69},[55,161980,28517],{"class":130},[55,161982,386],{"class":69},[55,161984,161985],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,161986,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,161988,161989,161991,161993,161995,161997,161999,162001,162003,162005,162007],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,161990,8813],{"class":61},[55,161992,66],{"class":65},[55,161994,22156],{"class":850},[55,161996,120],{"class":69},[55,161998,63985],{"class":116},[55,162000,120],{"class":69},[55,162002,680],{"class":123},[55,162004,83],{"class":69},[55,162006,4701],{"class":123},[55,162008,1357],{"class":69},[55,162010,162011,162013,162015,162017],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162012,117],{"class":116},[55,162014,120],{"class":69},[55,162016,8859],{"class":123},[55,162018,103],{"class":69},[14,162020,314],{},[45,162022,162024],{"className":47,"code":162023,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[52,162025,162026],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162027,162028,162030,162032,162034,162036,162038,162040,162042,162044,162046,162048,162050,162052,162054,162056,162058,162060,162062,162064,162066,162068],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162029,21337],{"class":69},[55,162031,2889],{"class":73},[55,162033,645],{"class":77},[55,162035,2889],{"class":73},[55,162037,83],{"class":69},[55,162039,19495],{"class":130},[55,162041,8831],{"class":69},[55,162043,70],{"class":69},[55,162045,2889],{"class":73},[55,162047,654],{"class":77},[55,162049,2889],{"class":73},[55,162051,83],{"class":69},[55,162053,13103],{"class":130},[55,162055,8831],{"class":69},[55,162057,70],{"class":69},[55,162059,2889],{"class":73},[55,162061,663],{"class":77},[55,162063,2889],{"class":73},[55,162065,83],{"class":69},[55,162067,28517],{"class":130},[55,162069,8846],{"class":69},[1425,162071,1440,162073],{"id":162072},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[52,162074,162075],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[14,162077,162078],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[45,162080,162082],{"className":47,"code":162081,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[52,162083,162084,162116,162144,162148,162170],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162085,162086,162088,162090,162092,162094,162096,162098,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162087,16840],{"class":61},[55,162089,66],{"class":65},[55,162091,3211],{"class":69},[55,162093,74],{"class":73},[55,162095,7263],{"class":77},[55,162097,74],{"class":73},[55,162099,83],{"class":69},[55,162101,86],{"class":73},[55,162103,8896],{"class":77},[55,162105,74],{"class":73},[55,162107,83],{"class":69},[55,162109,86],{"class":73},[55,162111,10006],{"class":77},[55,162113,74],{"class":73},[55,162115,386],{"class":69},[55,162117,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162134,162136,162138,162140,162142],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162119,3413],{"class":61},[55,162121,66],{"class":65},[55,162123,3211],{"class":69},[55,162125,74],{"class":73},[55,162127,645],{"class":77},[55,162129,74],{"class":73},[55,162131,83],{"class":69},[55,162133,8903],{"class":130},[55,162135,83],{"class":69},[55,162137,86],{"class":73},[55,162139,15628],{"class":77},[55,162141,74],{"class":73},[55,162143,386],{"class":69},[55,162145,162146],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162147,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162149,162150,162152,162154,162156,162158,162160,162162,162164,162166,162168],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,162151,12802],{"class":61},[55,162153,66],{"class":65},[55,162155,8768],{"class":850},[55,162157,120],{"class":69},[55,162159,63985],{"class":116},[55,162161,120],{"class":69},[55,162163,16521],{"class":123},[55,162165,83],{"class":69},[55,162167,3477],{"class":123},[55,162169,1357],{"class":69},[55,162171,162172,162174,162176,162178],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162173,117],{"class":116},[55,162175,120],{"class":69},[55,162177,16905],{"class":123},[55,162179,103],{"class":69},[14,162181,314],{},[45,162183,162185],{"className":47,"code":162184,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[52,162186,162187],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162188,162189,162191,162193,162195,162197,162199,162201,162203,162205,162207,162209,162211,162213,162215,162217,162219,162221,162223,162225,162227,162229,162231,162233],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162190,8875],{"class":69},[55,162192,2889],{"class":73},[55,162194,7263],{"class":77},[55,162196,2889],{"class":73},[55,162198,854],{"class":69},[55,162200,2884],{"class":73},[55,162202,645],{"class":77},[55,162204,2889],{"class":73},[55,162206,83],{"class":69},[55,162208,2884],{"class":73},[55,162210,8896],{"class":77},[55,162212,2889],{"class":73},[55,162214,854],{"class":69},[55,162216,8903],{"class":130},[55,162218,83],{"class":69},[55,162220,2884],{"class":73},[55,162222,10006],{"class":77},[55,162224,2889],{"class":73},[55,162226,854],{"class":69},[55,162228,2884],{"class":73},[55,162230,15628],{"class":77},[55,162232,2889],{"class":73},[55,162234,8906],{"class":69},[14,162236,162237,162238,198],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[194,162239,30685],{"href":30684},[1425,162241,162243],{"id":162242},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[14,162245,162246],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[45,162248,162250],{"className":47,"code":162249,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[52,162251,162252,162276,162292,162296,162314,162318,162332],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162253,162254,162256,162258,162260,162262,162264,162266,162268,162270,162272,162274],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162255,636],{"class":61},[55,162257,66],{"class":65},[55,162259,3211],{"class":69},[55,162261,74],{"class":73},[55,162263,645],{"class":77},[55,162265,74],{"class":73},[55,162267,83],{"class":69},[55,162269,86],{"class":73},[55,162271,654],{"class":77},[55,162273,74],{"class":73},[55,162275,386],{"class":69},[55,162277,162278,162280,162282,162284,162286,162288,162290],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162279,4654],{"class":61},[55,162281,66],{"class":65},[55,162283,3211],{"class":69},[55,162285,13098],{"class":130},[55,162287,83],{"class":69},[55,162289,13103],{"class":130},[55,162291,386],{"class":69},[55,162293,162294],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162295,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162297,162298,162300,162302,162304,162306,162308,162310,162312],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,162299,8813],{"class":61},[55,162301,66],{"class":65},[55,162303,161027],{"class":116},[55,162305,120],{"class":69},[55,162307,680],{"class":123},[55,162309,83],{"class":69},[55,162311,4701],{"class":123},[55,162313,103],{"class":69},[55,162315,162316],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162317,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162319,162320,162322,162324,162326,162328,162330],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,162321,117],{"class":116},[55,162323,120],{"class":69},[55,162325,7688],{"class":850},[55,162327,120],{"class":69},[55,162329,8859],{"class":123},[55,162331,1357],{"class":69},[55,162333,162334,162336,162338,162340,162342,162344],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,162335,117],{"class":116},[55,162337,120],{"class":69},[55,162339,7688],{"class":850},[55,162341,120],{"class":69},[55,162343,8859],{"class":123},[55,162345,1357],{"class":69},[14,162347,314],{},[45,162349,162351],{"className":47,"code":162350,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[52,162352,162353,162383],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162354,162355,162357,162359,162361,162363,162365,162367,162369,162371,162373,162375,162377,162379,162381],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162356,21337],{"class":69},[55,162358,2889],{"class":73},[55,162360,645],{"class":77},[55,162362,2889],{"class":73},[55,162364,83],{"class":69},[55,162366,19495],{"class":130},[55,162368,8831],{"class":69},[55,162370,70],{"class":69},[55,162372,2889],{"class":73},[55,162374,654],{"class":77},[55,162376,2889],{"class":73},[55,162378,83],{"class":69},[55,162380,13103],{"class":130},[55,162382,8846],{"class":69},[55,162384,162385],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162386,37894],{"class":69},[14,162388,162389],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[14,162391,162392,162393,198],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[194,162394,4727],{"href":5179},[37,162396,40642],{"id":40641},[14,162398,162399,162400,198],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[52,162401,63915],{},[1425,162403,162405],{"id":162404},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[45,162407,162409],{"className":47,"code":162408,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[52,162410,162411,162443,162463,162467,162491],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162412,162413,162415,162417,162419,162421,162423,162425,162427,162429,162431,162433,162435,162437,162439,162441],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162414,636],{"class":61},[55,162416,66],{"class":65},[55,162418,3211],{"class":69},[55,162420,74],{"class":73},[55,162422,645],{"class":77},[55,162424,74],{"class":73},[55,162426,83],{"class":69},[55,162428,86],{"class":73},[55,162430,654],{"class":77},[55,162432,74],{"class":73},[55,162434,83],{"class":69},[55,162436,86],{"class":73},[55,162438,663],{"class":77},[55,162440,74],{"class":73},[55,162442,386],{"class":69},[55,162444,162445,162447,162449,162451,162453,162455,162457,162459,162461],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162446,4654],{"class":61},[55,162448,66],{"class":65},[55,162450,3211],{"class":69},[55,162452,13098],{"class":130},[55,162454,83],{"class":69},[55,162456,13103],{"class":130},[55,162458,83],{"class":69},[55,162460,28517],{"class":130},[55,162462,386],{"class":69},[55,162464,162465],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162466,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162468,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,162470,5551],{"class":959},[55,162472,35590],{"class":61},[55,162474,83],{"class":69},[55,162476,4696],{"class":61},[55,162478,3474],{"class":959},[55,162480,161027],{"class":116},[55,162482,120],{"class":69},[55,162484,680],{"class":123},[55,162486,83],{"class":69},[55,162488,4701],{"class":123},[55,162490,839],{"class":69},[55,162492,162493,162495,162497,162499,162501,162503,162505,162507,162509,162511,162513,162515,162517],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162494,985],{"class":116},[55,162496,120],{"class":69},[55,162498,21891],{"class":1648},[55,162500,74],{"class":77},[55,162502,8875],{"class":130},[55,162504,7263],{"class":123},[55,162506,21900],{"class":130},[55,162508,21903],{"class":77},[55,162510,8875],{"class":130},[55,162512,85110],{"class":123},[55,162514,21900],{"class":130},[55,162516,74],{"class":77},[55,162518,103],{"class":69},[1425,162520,162522],{"id":162521},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[45,162524,162526],{"className":47,"code":162525,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[52,162527,162528,162560,162584,162588,162610],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162529,162530,162532,162534,162536,162538,162540,162542,162544,162546,162548,162550,162552,162554,162556,162558],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162531,16840],{"class":61},[55,162533,66],{"class":65},[55,162535,3211],{"class":69},[55,162537,74],{"class":73},[55,162539,12249],{"class":77},[55,162541,74],{"class":73},[55,162543,83],{"class":69},[55,162545,86],{"class":73},[55,162547,7263],{"class":77},[55,162549,74],{"class":73},[55,162551,83],{"class":69},[55,162553,86],{"class":73},[55,162555,15418],{"class":77},[55,162557,74],{"class":73},[55,162559,386],{"class":69},[55,162561,162562,162564,162566,162568,162570,162572,162574,162576,162578,162580,162582],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162563,3413],{"class":61},[55,162565,66],{"class":65},[55,162567,3211],{"class":69},[55,162569,46190],{"class":130},[55,162571,83],{"class":69},[55,162573,86],{"class":73},[55,162575,645],{"class":77},[55,162577,74],{"class":73},[55,162579,83],{"class":69},[55,162581,3506],{"class":3443},[55,162583,386],{"class":69},[55,162585,162586],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162587,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162589,162590,162592,162594,162596,162598,162600,162602,162604,162606,162608],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,162591,8763],{"class":61},[55,162593,66],{"class":65},[55,162595,8768],{"class":850},[55,162597,120],{"class":69},[55,162599,63985],{"class":116},[55,162601,120],{"class":69},[55,162603,16521],{"class":123},[55,162605,83],{"class":69},[55,162607,3477],{"class":123},[55,162609,1357],{"class":69},[55,162611,162612,162614,162616,162618],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162613,117],{"class":116},[55,162615,120],{"class":69},[55,162617,8802],{"class":123},[55,162619,103],{"class":69},[1425,162621,162623],{"id":162622},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[45,162625,162627],{"className":47,"code":162626,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[52,162628,162629,162649,162669,162673,162698],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162630,162631,162633,162635,162637,162639,162641,162643,162645,162647],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162632,80248],{"class":61},[55,162634,66],{"class":65},[55,162636,3211],{"class":69},[55,162638,250],{"class":130},[55,162640,83],{"class":69},[55,162642,255],{"class":130},[55,162644,83],{"class":69},[55,162646,260],{"class":130},[55,162648,386],{"class":69},[55,162650,162651,162653,162655,162657,162659,162661,162663,162665,162667],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162652,80269],{"class":61},[55,162654,66],{"class":65},[55,162656,3211],{"class":69},[55,162658,250],{"class":130},[55,162660,83],{"class":69},[55,162662,8903],{"class":130},[55,162664,83],{"class":69},[55,162666,260],{"class":130},[55,162668,386],{"class":69},[55,162670,162671],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162672,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162674,162675,162677,162679,162681,162684,162686,162688,162690,162692,162694,162696],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,162676,5551],{"class":959},[55,162678,56484],{"class":61},[55,162680,83],{"class":69},[55,162682,162683],{"class":61}," b ",[55,162685,3474],{"class":959},[55,162687,161027],{"class":116},[55,162689,120],{"class":69},[55,162691,111339],{"class":123},[55,162693,83],{"class":69},[55,162695,80312],{"class":123},[55,162697,839],{"class":69},[55,162699,162700,162702,162704,162706,162708,162710],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162701,985],{"class":116},[55,162703,120],{"class":69},[55,162705,2141],{"class":123},[55,162707,4280],{"class":65},[55,162709,2146],{"class":123},[55,162711,103],{"class":69},[14,162713,314],{},[45,162715,162717],{"className":47,"code":162716,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[52,162718,162719,162723,162727],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162720,162721],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162722,3570],{"class":3443},[55,162724,162725],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162726,3631],{"class":3443},[55,162728,162729],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162730,3570],{"class":3443},[1425,162732,162734],{"id":162733},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[45,162736,162738],{"className":47,"code":162737,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[52,162739,162740,162775,162798,162802,162829],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162741,162742,162745,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757,162759,162762,162764,162766,162768,162771,162773],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162743,162744],{"class":61},"products ",[55,162746,66],{"class":65},[55,162748,3211],{"class":69},[55,162750,74],{"class":73},[55,162752,24738],{"class":77},[55,162754,74],{"class":73},[55,162756,83],{"class":69},[55,162758,86],{"class":73},[55,162760,162761],{"class":77},"Pen",[55,162763,74],{"class":73},[55,162765,83],{"class":69},[55,162767,86],{"class":73},[55,162769,162770],{"class":77},"Bag",[55,162772,74],{"class":73},[55,162774,386],{"class":69},[55,162776,162777,162779,162781,162783,162786,162788,162791,162793,162796],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162778,82638],{"class":61},[55,162780,66],{"class":65},[55,162782,3211],{"class":69},[55,162784,162785],{"class":130},"12.5",[55,162787,83],{"class":69},[55,162789,162790],{"class":130}," 1.2",[55,162792,83],{"class":69},[55,162794,162795],{"class":130}," 25.0",[55,162797,386],{"class":69},[55,162799,162800],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162801,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162803,162804,162806,162808,162810,162813,162815,162817,162819,162822,162824,162827],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,162805,5551],{"class":959},[55,162807,24799],{"class":61},[55,162809,83],{"class":69},[55,162811,162812],{"class":61}," price ",[55,162814,3474],{"class":959},[55,162816,161027],{"class":116},[55,162818,120],{"class":69},[55,162820,162821],{"class":123},"products",[55,162823,83],{"class":69},[55,162825,162826],{"class":123}," prices",[55,162828,839],{"class":69},[55,162830,162831,162833,162835,162837,162839,162841,162843,162845,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162832,985],{"class":116},[55,162834,120],{"class":69},[55,162836,21891],{"class":1648},[55,162838,74],{"class":77},[55,162840,8875],{"class":130},[55,162842,26605],{"class":123},[55,162844,21900],{"class":130},[55,162846,162847],{"class":77}," costs $",[55,162849,8875],{"class":130},[55,162851,24747],{"class":123},[55,162853,21900],{"class":130},[55,162855,74],{"class":77},[55,162857,103],{"class":69},[14,162859,36197,162860,198],{},[194,162861,162863],{"href":162862},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[37,162865,162867,162868],{"id":162866},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[52,162869,63915],{},[1425,162871,8048,162873,162875],{"id":162872},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[52,162874,63915],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[14,162877,162878,162880],{},[52,162879,63915],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[14,162882,162883],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[45,162885,162887],{"className":47,"code":162886,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[52,162888,162889],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162890,162891,162893,162895,162897,162899,162901,162903,162905,162907,162909],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162892,117],{"class":116},[55,162894,120],{"class":69},[55,162896,940],{"class":116},[55,162898,120],{"class":69},[55,162900,111339],{"class":123},[55,162902,8831],{"class":69},[55,162904,963],{"class":116},[55,162906,120],{"class":69},[55,162908,80535],{"class":123},[55,162910,1357],{"class":69},[1425,162912,162914],{"id":162913},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[14,162916,68431],{},[45,162918,162920],{"className":47,"code":162919,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[52,162921,162922,162958,162962,162975,162985,162989,163001],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,162923,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944,162946,162948,162950,162952,162954,162956],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,162925,8813],{"class":61},[55,162927,66],{"class":65},[55,162929,161027],{"class":116},[55,162931,2573],{"class":69},[55,162933,152],{"class":130},[55,162935,83],{"class":69},[55,162937,976],{"class":130},[55,162939,17659],{"class":69},[55,162941,3211],{"class":69},[55,162943,74],{"class":73},[55,162945,194],{"class":77},[55,162947,74],{"class":73},[55,162949,83],{"class":69},[55,162951,86],{"class":73},[55,162953,786],{"class":77},[55,162955,74],{"class":73},[55,162957,282],{"class":69},[55,162959,162960],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,162961,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162963,162964,162966,162968,162970,162973],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,162965,5551],{"class":959},[55,162967,5554],{"class":61},[55,162969,3474],{"class":959},[55,162971,162972],{"class":61}," pairs",[55,162974,979],{"class":69},[55,162976,162977,162979,162981,162983],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,162978,985],{"class":116},[55,162980,120],{"class":69},[55,162982,22907],{"class":123},[55,162984,103],{"class":69},[55,162986,162987],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,162988,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,162990,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999],{"class":57,"line":982},[55,162992,5551],{"class":959},[55,162994,5554],{"class":61},[55,162996,3474],{"class":959},[55,162998,162972],{"class":61},[55,163000,979],{"class":69},[55,163002,163003,163005,163007,163009],{"class":57,"line":6009},[55,163004,985],{"class":116},[55,163006,120],{"class":69},[55,163008,22907],{"class":123},[55,163010,103],{"class":69},[14,163012,163013],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[1425,163015,163017],{"id":163016},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[14,163019,163020],{},"This is correct:",[45,163022,163024],{"className":47,"code":163023,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[52,163025,163026,163050,163066,163070,163094],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,163027,163028,163030,163032,163034,163036,163038,163040,163042,163044,163046,163048],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163029,636],{"class":61},[55,163031,66],{"class":65},[55,163033,3211],{"class":69},[55,163035,74],{"class":73},[55,163037,645],{"class":77},[55,163039,74],{"class":73},[55,163041,83],{"class":69},[55,163043,86],{"class":73},[55,163045,654],{"class":77},[55,163047,74],{"class":73},[55,163049,386],{"class":69},[55,163051,163052,163054,163056,163058,163060,163062,163064],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,163053,4654],{"class":61},[55,163055,66],{"class":65},[55,163057,3211],{"class":69},[55,163059,13098],{"class":130},[55,163061,83],{"class":69},[55,163063,13103],{"class":130},[55,163065,386],{"class":69},[55,163067,163068],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,163069,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,163071,163072,163074,163076,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,163073,5551],{"class":959},[55,163075,35590],{"class":61},[55,163077,83],{"class":69},[55,163079,4696],{"class":61},[55,163081,3474],{"class":959},[55,163083,161027],{"class":116},[55,163085,120],{"class":69},[55,163087,680],{"class":123},[55,163089,83],{"class":69},[55,163091,4701],{"class":123},[55,163093,839],{"class":69},[55,163095,163096,163098,163100,163102,163104,163106],{"class":57,"line":160},[55,163097,985],{"class":116},[55,163099,120],{"class":69},[55,163101,7263],{"class":123},[55,163103,83],{"class":69},[55,163105,130452],{"class":123},[55,163107,103],{"class":69},[14,163109,163110],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[45,163112,163114],{"className":47,"code":163113,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[52,163115,163116,163136],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,163117,163118,163120,163122,163124,163126,163128,163130,163132,163134],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163119,5551],{"class":959},[55,163121,5554],{"class":61},[55,163123,3474],{"class":959},[55,163125,161027],{"class":116},[55,163127,120],{"class":69},[55,163129,680],{"class":123},[55,163131,83],{"class":69},[55,163133,4701],{"class":123},[55,163135,839],{"class":69},[55,163137,163138,163140,163142,163144],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,163139,985],{"class":116},[55,163141,120],{"class":69},[55,163143,22907],{"class":123},[55,163145,103],{"class":69},[14,163147,314],{},[45,163149,163151],{"className":47,"code":163150,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[52,163152,163153,163169],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,163154,163155,163157,163159,163161,163163,163165,163167],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163156,120],{"class":69},[55,163158,2889],{"class":73},[55,163160,645],{"class":77},[55,163162,2889],{"class":73},[55,163164,83],{"class":69},[55,163166,19495],{"class":130},[55,163168,103],{"class":69},[55,163170,163171,163173,163175,163177,163179,163181,163183],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,163172,120],{"class":69},[55,163174,2889],{"class":73},[55,163176,654],{"class":77},[55,163178,2889],{"class":73},[55,163180,83],{"class":69},[55,163182,13103],{"class":130},[55,163184,103],{"class":69},[14,163186,163187],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[1425,163189,8012,163191,163193,163194],{"id":163190},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[52,163192,63915],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[52,163195,35350],{},[14,163197,1440,163198,163200],{},[52,163199,63915],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[14,163202,1440,163203,163205],{},[52,163204,35350],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[45,163207,163208],{"className":47,"code":35518,"language":49,"meta":50,"style":50},[52,163209,163210,163242,163246,163266],{"__ignoreMap":50},[55,163211,163212,163214,163216,163218,163220,163222,163224,163226,163228,163230,163232,163234,163236,163238,163240],{"class":57,"line":58},[55,163213,636],{"class":61},[55,163215,66],{"class":65},[55,163217,3211],{"class":69},[55,163219,74],{"class":73},[55,163221,645],{"class":77},[55,163223,74],{"class":73},[55,163225,83],{"class":69},[55,163227,86],{"class":73},[55,163229,654],{"class":77},[55,163231,74],{"class":73},[55,163233,83],{"class":69},[55,163235,86],{"class":73},[55,163237,663],{"class":77},[55,163239,74],{"class":73},[55,163241,386],{"class":69},[55,163243,163244],{"class":57,"line":106},[55,163245,110],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":109},[55,163247,163248,163250,163252,163254,163256,163258,163260,163262,163264],{"class":57,"line":113},[55,163249,5551],{"class":959},[55,163251,35422],{"class":61},[55,163253,83],{"class":69},[55,163255,35567],{"class":61},[55,163257,3474],{"class":959},[55,163259,35432],{"class":116},[55,163261,120],{"class":69},[55,163263,680],{"class":123},[55,163265,839],{"class":69},[55,163267,163268,163270,163272,163274,163276,163278],{"class":57,"line":141},[55,163269,985],{"class":116},[55,163271,120],{"class":69},[55,163273,383],{"class":123},[55,163275,83],{"class":69},[55,163277,35590],{"class":123},[55,163279,103],{"class":69},[14,163281,163282,163283,198],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[194,163284,3165,163285,3098],{"href":91613},[52,163286,35350],{},[37,163288,1423],{"id":1422},[1425,163290,4733,163292,4736],{"id":163291},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[52,163293,63915],{},[14,163295,163296],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[1425,163298,12304,163300,163302],{"id":163299},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[52,163301,63915],{}," work with different lengths?",[14,163304,163305],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[1425,163307,163309,163310,2078],{"id":163308},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[52,163311,63915],{},[14,163313,163314,163315,198],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[52,163316,161922],{},[1425,163318,163320,163321,2078],{"id":163319},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[52,163322,63915],{},[14,163324,127817,163325,163327],{},[52,163326,162075],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[1425,163329,163331],{"id":163330},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[14,163333,163334],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[37,163336,1495],{"id":1494},[21,163338,163339,163344,163350,163354,163358],{},[24,163340,163341],{},[194,163342,163343],{"href":162862},"How to use zip in Python",[24,163345,163346],{},[194,163347,3165,163348,3098],{"href":91613},[52,163349,35350],{},[24,163351,163352],{},[194,163353,4808],{"href":5179},[24,163355,163356],{},[194,163357,69284],{"href":69207},[24,163359,163360],{},[194,163361,31859],{"href":30684},[1524,163363,163364],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":50,"searchDepth":106,"depth":106,"links":163366},[163367,163368,163370,163371,163372,163373,163381,163387,163396,163407],{"id":1587,"depth":106,"text":1588},{"id":161086,"depth":106,"text":163369},"What zip() does",{"id":1739,"depth":106,"text":1740},{"id":161479,"depth":106,"text":161480},{"id":161656,"depth":106,"text":161657},{"id":161908,"depth":106,"text":163374,"children":163375},"Converting zip() output",[163376,163378,163380],{"id":161919,"depth":113,"text":163377},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162072,"depth":113,"text":163379},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162242,"depth":113,"text":162243},{"id":40641,"depth":106,"text":40642,"children":163382},[163383,163384,163385,163386],{"id":162404,"depth":113,"text":162405},{"id":162521,"depth":113,"text":162522},{"id":162622,"depth":113,"text":162623},{"id":162733,"depth":113,"text":162734},{"id":162866,"depth":106,"text":163388,"children":163389},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163390,163392,163393,163394],{"id":162872,"depth":113,"text":163391},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162913,"depth":113,"text":162914},{"id":163016,"depth":113,"text":163017},{"id":163190,"depth":113,"text":163395},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1422,"depth":106,"text":1423,"children":163397},[163398,163400,163402,163404,163406],{"id":163291,"depth":113,"text":163399},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163299,"depth":113,"text":163401},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163308,"depth":113,"text":163403},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163319,"depth":113,"text":163405},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163330,"depth":113,"text":163331},{"id":1494,"depth":106,"text":1495},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160928,"description":163408},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776944954140]